WO2004003873A2 - Wound closure training pad - Google Patents

Wound closure training pad Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004003873A2
WO2004003873A2 PCT/GB2003/002769 GB0302769W WO2004003873A2 WO 2004003873 A2 WO2004003873 A2 WO 2004003873A2 GB 0302769 W GB0302769 W GB 0302769W WO 2004003873 A2 WO2004003873 A2 WO 2004003873A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
foam pad
foam
body tissue
simulated body
kgs
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2003/002769
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2004003873A3 (en
Inventor
David Edwardes
Original Assignee
Limbs And Things Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Limbs And Things Limited filed Critical Limbs And Things Limited
Priority to AU2003246914A priority Critical patent/AU2003246914A1/en
Publication of WO2004003873A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004003873A2/en
Publication of WO2004003873A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004003873A3/en

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09BEDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
    • G09B23/30Anatomical models
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09BEDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/28Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a simulated body tissue, a method of making a simulated body tissue and to the use of a simulated body tissue for teaching and/or practising and/or demonstrating wound closure techniques.
  • a polymer foam pad as a simulation of body tissue for teaching and/or practising and/or demonstrating wound closure techniques, wherein the polymer is a polar polymer and has a density in the range of 50 - 250 kgs/m 3 .
  • the foam pad is polymer of vinyl chloride and more preferably it is a homopolymer of vinyl chloride (PVC).
  • PVC foam has been shown to provide a surprisingly accurate simulation of actual body tissue and is particularly suitable for use in practising wound closure techniques. Additionally, it has the benefit of being a relatively low cost material and as such this makes it ideal for use as a teaching aid.
  • the range of densities have been selected to simulate the differences encountered in actual body tissue.
  • the preferred density is in the range of 190 - 230 kgs/m 3 and more preferably the density is approximately
  • One particularly preferred PVC foam is the AS 810 PVC Foam as supplied by A.G.C. Gasket Company.
  • Another suitable foam is the higher density AS 820 PVC Foam also supplied by A.G.C. Gasket Company.
  • the foam pad may be used on its own as a training aid or it may be incorporated into another piece of apparatus. For example, the pad may be used as a replaceable abdomen that is inserted into a plastic torso to further increase the realism of the simulation.
  • blowing agent used during the manufacturing process is an alkaline blowing agent. It is particularly preferred that the blowing agent is carbonamide. When the blowing agent is alkaline this results in the foam retaining an alkaline residue which has been found to be beneficial when the wound closure technique comprises gluing with a topical skin adhesive.
  • the foam pad may additionally include a reinforcement of mesh material.
  • This reinforcement preferably comprises nylon, chiffon or lycra.
  • the foam pad is coated with a mixture of water based paint and water.
  • the mixture is preferably in the ratio of 1 part paint to 3 parts water and is applied as a thin coating onto the foam.
  • the paint is preferably selected from a range of paints corresponding to a variety of human skin colours. This improves the visual similarity of the foam pad to actual body tissue and therefore provides a more accurate simulation.
  • a particularly preferred range of paints is that produced by Johnstone's Paints. Some of the preferred colours include pink, peach blush, beige, yellow, light tan and dark tan.
  • the foam pad may be used as simulation of body tissue for the purposes of teaching and/or practising and/or demonstrating a number of different wound closure techniques.
  • the pad can be used to practise gluing techniques with a variety of topical skin adhesives. It is becoming increasingly common for topical skin adhesives to be used to repair low tension lacerations and to close wounds and surgical incisions. Topical skin adhesives offer a number of advantages when compared with traditional wound closure techniques.
  • Topical skin adhesives benefit physicians because application is an easily and quickly learned skill and application time is much quicker than wound closure with sutures. However, it is still necessary to practise these techniques and many known structures providing simulation of body tissue do not provide satisfactory results when used with topical adhesives. It is preferred that the adhesives used are cyanoacrylate based adhesives. More particularly, some of the preferred adhesives include: DERMABO D®, HISTOACRYL®, INDERMIL® and LIQUIBAND®. The simulated body tissue according to the present invention has been shown to react much better to these topical skin adhesives than other known simulations. For example, tests carried out have shown that the present invention has an improved reaction to topical skin adhesives as compared to simulations made from neoprene or polyurethane.
  • the present invention has been shown to be far superior in its reaction to topical skin adhesives than simulations made of latex.
  • topical skin adhesive When the topical skin adhesive is applied to a polymer foam pad according to the present invention it reacts with the residual moisture on the surface of the foam and polymerises forming a strong, waterproof bond.
  • the foam pad has an alkaline residue and the adhesive used is a cyanoacrylate based adhesive.
  • the alkaline residue neutralises the stabiliser in the adhesive and speeds up the curing process.
  • the pad may also be used as a simulation of body tissue for the purposes of teaching and/or practising and/or demonstrating interrupted suturing, subcutaneous suturing or stapling techniques.
  • simulated body tissue for use in teaching and/or practising and/or demonstrating wound closure techniques comprising a foam layer which is a simulated fat layer and a layer of a mixture of water based paint and water which is a simulated epidermis, wherein the foam is a polar polymer and has a density in the range of 50 - 250 kgs/m 3 .
  • a method of making simulated body tissue for use in teaching and/or practising and/or demonstrating wound closure techniques comprising the steps of:
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a wound closure teaching pad
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a wound closure teaching pad having a simulated wound.
  • a wound closure teaching pad 1 in the form of a rectangular PVC foam pad 2.
  • the foam pad 2 has a thickness of 10 mm but may be of a variety of thicknesses to simulate different situations and different parts of the body.
  • the foam pad 2 has a density of 210kgs/m 3 in order to simulate a fat layer and is coated with a thin layer 3 of a mixture of a skin coloured water based paint and water to simulate the epidermis.
  • the paint to water is in the ration of 1 :3.
  • the paint may be of a variety of colours to provide accurate simulation of a variety of flesh tones.
  • the paint/water layer 3 is stippled, painted or applied with a roller to the foam pad 2 as thinly as possible in order that the adhesive can penetrate the paint/water layer 3 and adhere to the foam pad 2.
  • Fig. 2 shows a wound closure teaching pad 4 having a simulated wound 5.
  • the foam pad 2 has the same properties as the foam pad 2 of Fig. 1 and the simulated wound 5 has been created by making an incision in the foam pad 2.
  • the simulated wound 5 has opposing edges

Abstract

Use of polymer foam pad (2) as a simulation of body tissue for teaching and/or practising and/or demonstrating wound closure techniques, wherein the polymer is a polar polymer and has a density in the range of 50-250 kgs/m3.

Description

Simulated Body Tissue
The present invention relates to a simulated body tissue, a method of making a simulated body tissue and to the use of a simulated body tissue for teaching and/or practising and/or demonstrating wound closure techniques.
In the medical field, it is necessary for students, doctors and surgeons to be able to practise surgical and clinical techniques. There is a need to practise a variety of wound closure techniques such as gluing techniques, simple interrupted suturing, subcutaneous suturing and stapling. As an alternative to providing an actual body or part of a body for practising such techniques there is a need for an artificial means whereby they can be practised. Known structures providing simulations of body tissue suffer from the disadvantage that they are not sufficiently analogous, either visually or physically, to actual body tissue. In addition, many known structures are not suitable for use with gluing techniques.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided the use of a polymer foam pad as a simulation of body tissue for teaching and/or practising and/or demonstrating wound closure techniques, wherein the polymer is a polar polymer and has a density in the range of 50 - 250 kgs/m3.
Polar polymers attract moisture from the atmosphere which simulates the residual moisture within the skin.
Preferably, the foam pad is polymer of vinyl chloride and more preferably it is a homopolymer of vinyl chloride (PVC). PVC foam has been shown to provide a surprisingly accurate simulation of actual body tissue and is particularly suitable for use in practising wound closure techniques. Additionally, it has the benefit of being a relatively low cost material and as such this makes it ideal for use as a teaching aid. The range of densities have been selected to simulate the differences encountered in actual body tissue. The preferred density is in the range of 190 - 230 kgs/m3 and more preferably the density is approximately
210 kgs/m3 One particularly preferred PVC foam is the AS 810 PVC Foam as supplied by A.G.C. Gasket Company. Another suitable foam is the higher density AS 820 PVC Foam also supplied by A.G.C. Gasket Company. The foam pad may be used on its own as a training aid or it may be incorporated into another piece of apparatus. For example, the pad may be used as a replaceable abdomen that is inserted into a plastic torso to further increase the realism of the simulation.
When plastics materials are made into foams a gas production compound called a blowing agent is used. It is preferred that the blowing agent used during the manufacturing process is an alkaline blowing agent. It is particularly preferred that the blowing agent is carbonamide. When the blowing agent is alkaline this results in the foam retaining an alkaline residue which has been found to be beneficial when the wound closure technique comprises gluing with a topical skin adhesive.
The foam pad may additionally include a reinforcement of mesh material. This reinforcement preferably comprises nylon, chiffon or lycra.
In order to improve the simulation of the body tissue it is further preferred that the foam pad is coated with a mixture of water based paint and water. The mixture is preferably in the ratio of 1 part paint to 3 parts water and is applied as a thin coating onto the foam. The paint is preferably selected from a range of paints corresponding to a variety of human skin colours. This improves the visual similarity of the foam pad to actual body tissue and therefore provides a more accurate simulation. A particularly preferred range of paints is that produced by Johnstone's Paints. Some of the preferred colours include pink, peach blush, beige, yellow, light tan and dark tan.
The foam pad may be used as simulation of body tissue for the purposes of teaching and/or practising and/or demonstrating a number of different wound closure techniques. For example, the pad can be used to practise gluing techniques with a variety of topical skin adhesives. It is becoming increasingly common for topical skin adhesives to be used to repair low tension lacerations and to close wounds and surgical incisions. Topical skin adhesives offer a number of advantages when compared with traditional wound closure techniques.
They are more convenient and comfortable for the patient because they do not require anaesthetic, are gentler to the skin than sutures or staples, and do not require suture removal. Topical skin adhesives benefit physicians because application is an easily and quickly learned skill and application time is much quicker than wound closure with sutures. However, it is still necessary to practise these techniques and many known structures providing simulation of body tissue do not provide satisfactory results when used with topical adhesives. It is preferred that the adhesives used are cyanoacrylate based adhesives. More particularly, some of the preferred adhesives include: DERMABO D®, HISTOACRYL®, INDERMIL® and LIQUIBAND®. The simulated body tissue according to the present invention has been shown to react much better to these topical skin adhesives than other known simulations. For example, tests carried out have shown that the present invention has an improved reaction to topical skin adhesives as compared to simulations made from neoprene or polyurethane.
Furthermore, the present invention has been shown to be far superior in its reaction to topical skin adhesives than simulations made of latex.
When the topical skin adhesive is applied to a polymer foam pad according to the present invention it reacts with the residual moisture on the surface of the foam and polymerises forming a strong, waterproof bond.
In one particularly preferred embodiment the foam pad has an alkaline residue and the adhesive used is a cyanoacrylate based adhesive. When this is the case the alkaline residue neutralises the stabiliser in the adhesive and speeds up the curing process. This is another unexpected advantage which the present invention has over prior simulations of body tissue.
Alternatively, the pad may also be used as a simulation of body tissue for the purposes of teaching and/or practising and/or demonstrating interrupted suturing, subcutaneous suturing or stapling techniques.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided simulated body tissue for use in teaching and/or practising and/or demonstrating wound closure techniques, comprising a foam layer which is a simulated fat layer and a layer of a mixture of water based paint and water which is a simulated epidermis, wherein the foam is a polar polymer and has a density in the range of 50 - 250 kgs/m3. According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of making simulated body tissue for use in teaching and/or practising and/or demonstrating wound closure techniques, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a first layer of a polar polymer foam having a density in the range of 50
250 kgs/m3; and
b) coating the foam with a layer of a mixture of a water based paint and water.
For a better understanding of the present invention reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings showing, solely by way of example, an embodiment of the present invention and in which:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a wound closure teaching pad; and
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a wound closure teaching pad having a simulated wound.
Referring now to Fig. 1 this shows a wound closure teaching pad 1 in the form of a rectangular PVC foam pad 2. The foam pad 2 has a thickness of 10 mm but may be of a variety of thicknesses to simulate different situations and different parts of the body. The foam pad 2 has a density of 210kgs/m3 in order to simulate a fat layer and is coated with a thin layer 3 of a mixture of a skin coloured water based paint and water to simulate the epidermis. The paint to water is in the ration of 1 :3. The paint may be of a variety of colours to provide accurate simulation of a variety of flesh tones. The paint/water layer 3 is stippled, painted or applied with a roller to the foam pad 2 as thinly as possible in order that the adhesive can penetrate the paint/water layer 3 and adhere to the foam pad 2.
Fig. 2 shows a wound closure teaching pad 4 having a simulated wound 5. The foam pad 2 has the same properties as the foam pad 2 of Fig. 1 and the simulated wound 5 has been created by making an incision in the foam pad 2. The simulated wound 5 has opposing edges
6, 7. Wound closure techniques, such as gluing, can be practised without the need for actual bodies or parts of bodies.

Claims

Claims
1. Use of a polymer foam pad as a simulation of body tissue for teaching and/or practising and/or demonstrating wound closure techniques, wherein the polymer is a polar polymer and has a density in the range of 50 - 250 kgs/m3.
2. Use of a foam pad according to claim 1 , wherein the foam pad has a density in the range of 190 - 230 kgs/m3.
3. Use of a foam pad according to claim 2, wherein the foam pad has a density of 210 kgs/m3.
4. Use of a foam pad according to any preceding claim, wherein the foam pad is a polymer of vinyl chloride.
5. Use of a foam pad according to any preceding claim, wherein the foam pad is a homopolymer of vinyl chloride.
6. Use of a foam pad according to any preceding claim, wherein the foam pad has an alkaline residue.
7. Use of a foam pad according to claim any preceding claim, wherein the foam pad includes a reinforcement of mesh material.
8. Use of a foam pad according to claim 1, wherein the mesh material comprises nylon, chiffon or lycra.
9. Use of a foam pad according to any preceding claim, wherein the foam pad is coated with a mixture of water based paint and water.
10. Use of a foam pad according to claim 9, wherein the paint and water mixture is in the ratio of 1:3.
11. Use of a foam pad according to claim 9 or claim 10, wherein the paint is selected to simulate the colour of human skin.
12. Use of a foam pad according to any preceding claim, wherein the foam pad is double sided.
13. Use of a foam pad according to any preceding claim, wherein the skin closure technique comprises gluing with a topical skin adhesive.
14. Use of a foam pad according to claim 13, wherein the topical skin adhesive is a cyanoacrylate based adhesive.
15. Use of a foam pad according to any preceding claim, wherein the skin closure technique comprises interrupted suturing.
16. Use of a foam pad according to any preceding claim, wherein the skin closure technique comprises subcutaneous suturing.
17. Use of a foam pad according to any preceding claim, wherein the skin closure technique comprises stapling.
18. Simulated body tissue for use in teaching and/or practising and/or demonstrating wound closure techniques, comprising a foam layer which is a simulated fat layer and a layer of a mixture of water based paint and water which is a simulated epidermis, wherein the foam is a polar polymer and has a density in the range of 50 - 250 kgs/m3.
19. Simulated body tissue according to claim 18, wherein the foam has a density in the range of 190 - 230 kgs/m3.
20. Simulated body tissue according to claim 19, wherein the foam has a density of 210 kgs/m3.
21. Simulated body tissue according to any one of claims 18 - 20, wherein the foam is a polymer of vinyl chloride.
22. Simulated body tissue according to claim 21 , wherein the foam pad is a homopolymer of vinyl chloride.
23. Simulated body tissue according to any claims 18 - 22, wherein the foam pad has an alkaline residue.
24. Simulated body tissue according to any one of claims 18 - 23, wherein the foam pad includes a reinforcement of mesh material.
25. Simulated body tissue according to claim 24, wherein the mesh material comprises nylon, chiffon or lycra.
26. Simulated body tissue according to any one of claims 18 - 25, wherein the paint and water mixture is in the ration of 1 :3.
27. Simulated body tissue according to any one of claims 18 - 26, wherein the paint is selected to simulate human skin.
28. Simulated body tissue according to any one of claims 18 - 27, wherein the skin closure technique comprises gluing with a topical skin adhesive.
29. Simulated body tissue according to claim 28, wherein the topical skin adhesive is a cyanoacrylate based adhesive.
30. Simulated body tissue according to any one of claims 18 - 29, wherein the skin closure technique comprises interrupted suturing.
31. Simulated body tissue according to any one of claims 18 - 30, wherein the skin closure technique comprises subcutaneous suturing.
32. Simulated body tissue according to any one of claims 18 - 31, wherein the skin closure technique comprises stapling.
33. A method of making simulated body tissue for use in teaching and/or practising and/or demonstrating wound closure techniques, comprising the steps of:
a) providing a first layer of a polar polymer foam having a density in the range of 50 - 250 kgs/m3; and
b) coating the foam with a layer of a mixture of a water based paint and water.
34. A method according to claim 33, wherein the foam has a density in the range of 190 - 230 kgs/m3.
35. A method according to claim 34, wherein the foam has a density of 210 kgs/m3.
36. A method according to any one of claims 33 - 35, wherein the foam is a polymer of vinyl chloride.
37. A method according to claim 36, wherein the foam is a homopolymer of vinyl chloride.
38. A method according to any one of claims 33 - 37, wherein the foam has an alkaline residue.
39. A method according to any one of claims 33 - 38, wherein the foam is formed to include a reinforcement of mesh material.
40. A method according to claim 39, wherein the mesh material comprises nylon, chiffon or lycra.
41. A method according to any one of claims 33 - 40, wherein the paint and water mixture is in the ration of 1 :3.
42. A method according to any one of claims 33 - 41, wherein the paint is selected to simulate skin colour.
43. Use of a polymer foam pad substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
44. A simulated body tissue substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
45. A method of making a simulated body tissue substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
PCT/GB2003/002769 2002-06-28 2003-06-27 Wound closure training pad WO2004003873A2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003246914A AU2003246914A1 (en) 2002-06-28 2003-06-27 Wound closure training pad

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0215051A GB0215051D0 (en) 2002-06-28 2002-06-28 Simulated body tissue
GB0215051.4 2002-06-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004003873A2 true WO2004003873A2 (en) 2004-01-08
WO2004003873A3 WO2004003873A3 (en) 2004-04-01

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AU (1) AU2003246914A1 (en)
GB (1) GB0215051D0 (en)
WO (1) WO2004003873A2 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1847977A1 (en) * 2005-02-09 2007-10-24 Koken Co., Ltd. Medical training model device
US7575434B2 (en) 2006-08-01 2009-08-18 Palakodeti Ratna K Surgery practice kit
US11501662B2 (en) 2017-11-15 2022-11-15 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Suturing skills surgical training model

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3931679A (en) * 1973-11-05 1976-01-13 Den-Tal-Ez Mfg., Co. Dental patient simulator
GB2134303A (en) * 1983-01-22 1984-08-08 Thomas J Greer Facially animated manikin
US4596528A (en) * 1984-07-02 1986-06-24 Lewis Leonard A Simulated skin and method
US4601664A (en) * 1985-03-18 1986-07-22 Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc. Temporomandibular joint articulator and dental manikin incorporating it
GB2171611A (en) * 1985-02-14 1986-09-03 Shamah M Medical teaching doll
GB2277826A (en) * 1992-01-15 1994-11-09 Limbs & Things Ltd Surgical and/or clinical apparatus
WO2000036577A1 (en) * 1998-12-14 2000-06-22 Pharmabotics Limited Simulated body tissue

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3931679A (en) * 1973-11-05 1976-01-13 Den-Tal-Ez Mfg., Co. Dental patient simulator
GB2134303A (en) * 1983-01-22 1984-08-08 Thomas J Greer Facially animated manikin
US4596528A (en) * 1984-07-02 1986-06-24 Lewis Leonard A Simulated skin and method
GB2171611A (en) * 1985-02-14 1986-09-03 Shamah M Medical teaching doll
US4601664A (en) * 1985-03-18 1986-07-22 Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc. Temporomandibular joint articulator and dental manikin incorporating it
GB2277826A (en) * 1992-01-15 1994-11-09 Limbs & Things Ltd Surgical and/or clinical apparatus
WO2000036577A1 (en) * 1998-12-14 2000-06-22 Pharmabotics Limited Simulated body tissue

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1847977A1 (en) * 2005-02-09 2007-10-24 Koken Co., Ltd. Medical training model device
EP1847977A4 (en) * 2005-02-09 2008-01-16 Koken Kk Medical training model device
US7575434B2 (en) 2006-08-01 2009-08-18 Palakodeti Ratna K Surgery practice kit
US11501662B2 (en) 2017-11-15 2022-11-15 Applied Medical Resources Corporation Suturing skills surgical training model

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003246914A8 (en) 2004-01-19
GB0215051D0 (en) 2002-08-07
WO2004003873A3 (en) 2004-04-01
AU2003246914A1 (en) 2004-01-19

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