WO2004036525A2 - A system and method for estimating the multi-path delays in a signal using a spatially blind antenna array - Google Patents
A system and method for estimating the multi-path delays in a signal using a spatially blind antenna array Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004036525A2 WO2004036525A2 PCT/US2003/032585 US0332585W WO2004036525A2 WO 2004036525 A2 WO2004036525 A2 WO 2004036525A2 US 0332585 W US0332585 W US 0332585W WO 2004036525 A2 WO2004036525 A2 WO 2004036525A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- array
- antenna
- manifold
- impulse response
- covariance matrix
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
- G01S5/0205—Details
- G01S5/021—Calibration, monitoring or correction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
- G01S5/0257—Hybrid positioning
- G01S5/0268—Hybrid positioning by deriving positions from different combinations of signals or of estimated positions in a single positioning system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/06—Receivers
- H04B1/10—Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference
- H04B1/1081—Reduction of multipath noise
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
- H04B17/318—Received signal strength
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/0848—Joint weighting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0891—Space-time diversity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/0848—Joint weighting
- H04B7/0854—Joint weighting using error minimizing algorithms, e.g. minimum mean squared error [MMSE], "cross-correlation" or matrix inversion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/0204—Channel estimation of multiple channels
Definitions
- Digital signals are often filtered using a pulse shaping filter prior to transmission. This is typically done to contain the signal bandwidth and minimize intersymbol interference between signal components corresponding to different digital symbols. This is shown in Figure 1, where symbols from a digital constellation corresponding to the information being modulated are passed though a pulse shaping filter.
- the digital data to be transmitted is mapped into a complex signal constellation in block 101.
- the complex signal constellation used may be an M-ary QAM constellation; however other constellations are also used.
- the mapped constellation undergoes pulse shaping in a filter as shown in block 102.
- Several methods known in the art can be employed for pulse shaping.
- the filtered constellation signal is converted to a radio frequency, represented as block 103, for transmission over the ether.
- the channel output is an aggregate of delayed, possibly faded and phase shifted replicas of the original digital signal. In practice, this occurs if a multiplicity of reflections of the transmitted signal are contained in the received signal.
- the delays can either be absolute, if the time of arrival of the direct path signal is known, or could be relative delays between the multi-path components. If these multi-path signals are received at the antenna array, the received signal can be mathematically formulated as a space-time signal.
- Space-time processing is a group of techniques that may be applied to resolve the received space-time signals into a sum of faded space-time signals. Each of these space time signals corresponds to the particular angle of arrival and time delay of one of the original multi-path signal components.
- An impulse response h k of the multi-path channel is derived from r k , represented in block 201.
- the derivation of the column vector h k can be achieved by various methods and implemented with signal processors through software and/or hardware.
- h k (ZZ ) ⁇ Zr k .
- Alternate means for estimating the impulse response may provide better or worse estimates, depending on the particular modulation format of the data, the block length, the fading characteristics of the multi-path channel and possibly other parameters. Some of these other methods are blind to the actual data transmitted, using properties of either the signal modulation and/or of the channel instead.
- a vectorized space-time impulse response over the entire array is formed, in block 202, by stacking the individual impulse response estimate h k into a long column
- a( ⁇ ⁇ ) denotes the antenna response corresponding to a signal arriving from angle ⁇ ⁇ .
- ⁇ 8> denotes the Khatri-Rao product
- g( ⁇ t ) denotes the pulse shaping waveform delayed by r ( . and sampled.
- This formation of an outer product and aggregate in the covariance matrix is represented in block 203.
- the formation of the covariance matrix can be implemented with signal processors or other computer processors through software and/or hardware devices.
- the vectors a and g can be expressed as:
- K A® g represents the space- time manifold.
- MUSIC Multiple Signal Classification
- API The Method of Alternating Projections
- An object of the disclosed subject matter is to obviate the deficiencies of the prior art by removing the dependency of the time delay estimates from the spatial and gain characteristics of an antenna array thus allowing multi-path delay estimates to be obtained for any generic antenna array. This object is achieved by recasting the array manifold in a spatially blind manner so as to be independent of the array characteristics.
- the method includes estimating an impulse response at each k antenna, generating a space-time impulse response, and forming a covariance matrix and resolving the covariance matrix with a known antenna array manifold. Additionally, a novel improvement to known methods includes the step of resolving the covariance matrix with a fictitious antenna array manifold.
- the method includes generating an impulse response h k for each antenna k in the antenna array and determining a vectorized space-time impulse response /over the antenna array.
- the method further includes creating a covariance matrix C, a fictitious manifold A / , where Af is spatially blind and independent of the array characteristics, and then resolving the covariance matrix C with the fictitious manifold A / to estimate the multi-path delays ⁇ t in a manner independent of the array characteristics.
- the method includes deriving a channel impulse response estimates h Jtk for each blocky at each antenna k and determining a vectorized aggregate space-time impulse response / for each block j.
- the method includes the steps of forming an estimated covariance matrix for the sequence of blocks, forming an array manifold Af void of spatial information; and then resolving the covariance matrix with the fictitious array manifold AfXo determine the multi-path delays ⁇
- the system includes an antenna array, a means for generating an impulse response h , a means determining a vectorized space-time impulse response / and a means for creating a covariance matrix C.
- the system also includes a means for creating a fictitious manifold A f , wherein Af is spatially blind and independent of the array characteristics; and a means for resolving the covariance matrix C with the fictitious manifold Af to estimate the multi-path delays r ( . independent of the array characteristics.
- Figure 1 is a representative flow chart of a portion of a prior art system and/or method for transmitting a digital signal.
- Figure 2 is a representative flow chart of a prior art receiving system and/or method for space-time processing a received signal.
- Figure 3 is a representative flow chart for spatially blind space-time processing a received signal according to a system/method of the present disclosure.
- Figure 4 is a representative flow chart for estimating delays of multipath components of a received signal according to an embodiment of a system/method of the present disclosure
- the present disclosure presents a system and method for a technique for determining the individual times of arrival of multipath signal components in a received signal.
- the delays in the multipath components are determined by creating a fictitious array manifold A f in which the directional knowledge of the array is absent.
- the vector a is produced with the knowledge of all the vectors for all angles ⁇ t , is represented as:
- fictitious array manifold A f is the space C m . This formulation allows space-time processing to proceed blind to the specific characteristics of the antenna array such as element spacing, element gain, etc.
- the signal processing flow for the above-discussed subject matter employs a fictitious array manifold as shown in Figure 3.
- An estimate of the impulse response is determined at each antenna element as shown in block 301.
- a space-time impulse response is generated in block 302 and an outer product and aggregate in the covariance matrix is formed in block 303 in a manner similar to that as discussed for the prior art.
- the covariance matrix is resolved with the generalized fictitious antenna array manifold .4 / defined above rather than the known antenna array manifold A as shown in Figure 2.
- the novel techniques described herein does not allow for resolution of the particular angles of arrival of the multipath signals, it does allow for determining an estimation of the time delays of the multipath components given an antenna array with arbitrary and unknown properties. Therefore, the novel techniques herein described allow for the use of antennas separated by arbitrary distances and with arbitrary gain characteristics while still obtaining important information: the time delays of multipath signal components.
- an example follows for the case of a signal received at a two antenna array in which the established prior art space-time techniques derive delay estimates on a multi-path signal, followed by estimates developed by use of a spatially blind antenna array according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the delay matrix can be developed as illustrated in the previous section and this can be used to derive channel impulse response estimates for each block at each antenna.
- h j k Z J Z J " ) '1 Z j r j k , where h jk is the impulse response estimate for block/ and antenna k, and Z,- is the delay matrix for block j.
- a k ( ⁇ ) is the complex gain of antenna k for a signal arriving from angle ⁇ .
- Explicit knowledge of antenna gain for each antenna is required.
- the pulse shaping function and thus the delay manifold g as detailed in the previous section are also needed.
- the estimated covariance matrix is resolved into estimates of the impulse responses associated with each multi-path component.
- Each estimated impulse response is drawn from K and therefore points directly to a particular delay and arrival angle.
- a fictitious array manifold is used, A f ', given by the , aggregate of all vectors, a - 1 where ⁇ , and 2 range over the set of complex numbers. It is , worthy to note that while the delay estimates can be determined for multi-path signals independently of the antenna characteristics, angle of arrival cannot be determined in the same manner. This is not a problem if all that is of concern is the relative time delays of the multipath signals and the angles of arrival of those multipath signals is not of consequence. [0041] The process estimates the delays without knowledge of the actual array manifold A by using instead the fictitious manifold Af' , so that Af' replaces A in the space-time manifold a,g( ⁇ )
- the estimated covariance matrix is resolved in order to estimate the impulse responses associated with each multi-path component.
- Each estimated impulse response is drawn from K, and maps directly to a particular ⁇ and complex vector [a l , a 2 ]' .
- the signal processing flow for this embodiment is shown in Figure 4.
- An estimate of the impulse response is determined at each antenna element as shown in block 401. From the impulse response, a space-time impulse response in generated in block 402 and an outer product and aggregate in the covariance matrix is formed in block 403.
- the covariance matrix is resolved with the specific fictitious antenna array manifold Af'.
- BLST BLind Space Time
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Radio Transmission System (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2003277380A AU2003277380A1 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | A system and method for estimating the multi-path delays in a signal using a spatially blind antenna array |
US10/531,039 US7379757B2 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | System and method for estimating the multi-path delays in a signal using a spatially blind antenna array |
US12/078,471 US7778608B2 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2008-03-31 | System and method for estimating the multi-path delays in a signal using a spatially blind antenna array |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US41834202P | 2002-10-16 | 2002-10-16 | |
US60/418,342 | 2002-10-16 |
Related Child Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10531039 A-371-Of-International | 2003-10-16 | ||
US12/078,471 Continuation-In-Part US7778608B2 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2008-03-31 | System and method for estimating the multi-path delays in a signal using a spatially blind antenna array |
US12/078,471 Division US7778608B2 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2008-03-31 | System and method for estimating the multi-path delays in a signal using a spatially blind antenna array |
Publications (2)
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WO2004036525A2 true WO2004036525A2 (en) | 2004-04-29 |
WO2004036525A3 WO2004036525A3 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
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Family Applications (5)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US2003/032579 WO2004036935A1 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | Network overlay location system and method for air interface with frequency hopping |
PCT/US2003/032584 WO2004036924A2 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | Enhancing the accuracy of a location estimate |
PCT/US2003/032583 WO2004036361A2 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | Wireless communication network measurement data collection using infrastructure overlay-based handset location systems |
PCT/US2003/032578 WO2004036934A1 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | Network overlay geo-location system with smart antennas |
PCT/US2003/032585 WO2004036525A2 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | A system and method for estimating the multi-path delays in a signal using a spatially blind antenna array |
Family Applications Before (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US2003/032579 WO2004036935A1 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | Network overlay location system and method for air interface with frequency hopping |
PCT/US2003/032584 WO2004036924A2 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | Enhancing the accuracy of a location estimate |
PCT/US2003/032583 WO2004036361A2 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | Wireless communication network measurement data collection using infrastructure overlay-based handset location systems |
PCT/US2003/032578 WO2004036934A1 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2003-10-16 | Network overlay geo-location system with smart antennas |
Country Status (3)
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US (7) | US7379757B2 (en) |
AU (5) | AU2003298598A1 (en) |
WO (5) | WO2004036935A1 (en) |
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WO2004036924A3 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
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