WO2004061062A1 - Degreasing compositions - Google Patents

Degreasing compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004061062A1
WO2004061062A1 PCT/US2003/035374 US0335374W WO2004061062A1 WO 2004061062 A1 WO2004061062 A1 WO 2004061062A1 US 0335374 W US0335374 W US 0335374W WO 2004061062 A1 WO2004061062 A1 WO 2004061062A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
degreasing
degreasing composition
acetylenic diol
weight
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2003/035374
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Richard S. Smith
Original Assignee
3M Innovative Properties Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 3M Innovative Properties Company filed Critical 3M Innovative Properties Company
Priority to JP2004564872A priority Critical patent/JP2006512443A/en
Priority to AT03779477T priority patent/ATE434031T1/en
Priority to DE60328042T priority patent/DE60328042D1/en
Priority to BR0317784-0A priority patent/BR0317784A/en
Priority to AU2003285154A priority patent/AU2003285154A1/en
Priority to EP03779477A priority patent/EP1578893B1/en
Priority to CA002508782A priority patent/CA2508782A1/en
Publication of WO2004061062A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004061062A1/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23GCLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/14Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with alkaline solutions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/88Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
    • C11D1/94Mixtures with anionic, cationic or non-ionic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23GCLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G5/00Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
    • C23G5/02Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
    • C23G5/032Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing oxygen-containing compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/72Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/722Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols having mixed oxyalkylene groups; Polyalkoxylated fatty alcohols or polyalkoxylated alkylaryl alcohols with mixed oxyalkylele groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/88Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
    • C11D1/90Betaines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to degreasing compositions comprising alkoxylated acetylenic diols.
  • Vehicle exteriors accumulate road grime during use. Depending on the season, road grime may comprise bugs, tar or salt, as well as exhaust particulates, tire residues, leaking vehicle fluids and the like.
  • the oily dirty residue within engine compartments comprises a similar mix of contaminants, but which are significantly carbonized by heat from the engine. With respect to the latter, removing this carbonized oily dirt may require a degreaser rather than a conventional cleaner.
  • Engine degreasers often include one or more hazardous and/or undesirable components, for example, petroleum based and/or halogenated solvents that may be classified as VOCs, highly caustic media, and/or silicates. Such aggressive degreasers have to be carefully applied to avoid damaging the vehicle's exterior.
  • hazardous and/or undesirable components for example, petroleum based and/or halogenated solvents that may be classified as VOCs, highly caustic media, and/or silicates.
  • Such aggressive degreasers have to be carefully applied to avoid damaging the vehicle's exterior.
  • Engine degreaser compositions may also include phosphates. While phosphates are effective sequestering agents and provide for more effective rinsing of the cleaner from the treated substrate, they are environmentally unfriendly as they promote algae and other plant growth. Consequently, municipalities are restricting or banning the use of phosphate products that may enter the watershed.
  • the present invention provides degreasing compositions that may be used, for example, to degrease substrates such as contaminated surfaces of automobile engines.
  • non-caustic and low NOC degreasing compositions comprising:
  • Ri and R 4 are, independently, alkyl radicals containing from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably Ri and 4 are -CH 2 CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 ;
  • R 2 and R 3 are, independently, selected from the group consisting of methyl and ethyl
  • (x+y) 2 to 50, preferably 3 to 10, and more preferably 4 to 7;
  • low VOC means that the degreasing composition of the present invention comprises less than about 50% by weight volatile organic compounds (VOC).
  • volatile organic compound or “VOC” includes hydrocarbon materials having a vapor pressure equal to or greater than 0.1 mm Hg.
  • non-caustic means that the degreasing composition does not mclude strongly alkaline materials, for example, hydroxides or silicates, in particular metasilicates.
  • builders include alkali-metal phosphates, sodium metasilicate, sodium tetraborate, and sodium citrate.
  • the builder is typically present in the degreasing composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 12% by weight of the composition.
  • amphoteric surfactant examples include amino proprionates, imino propionates, betaines, and sultaines.
  • the amphoteric surfactant is typically present in the degreasing composition in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of the composition.
  • Some embodiments of the degreasing compositions of the invention are low phosphate or are phosphate free.
  • low-phosphate means that the degreasing composition contains less than 1% by weight phosphate-containing materials, for example, alkali-metal phosphates.
  • phosphate-free means that the degreasing composition does not mclude phosphate-containing materials, for example, alkali-metal phosphates.
  • Phosphate-free degreasing compositions typically include a non- phosphate builder, for example, sodium citrate.
  • compositions comprising an alkoxylated acetylenic diol of formula (II):
  • Phosphate-free degreasing compositions may include caustic, for example, potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.
  • Degreasing compositions of the present invention comprise an alkoxylated acetylenic diol, a builder, and an amphoteric surfactant. Components making up degreasing compositons of the present invention are described in detail below.
  • compositions of the present invention comprise an alkoxylated adduct of a tertiary acetylenic diol, for example, an ethylene oxide adduct of a tertiary acetylenic diol or an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide adduct of a tertiary acetylenic diol.
  • Ethylene oxide adducts of tertiary acetylenic diols are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,650,543 (Medina), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Such adducts have the general structural formula (I):
  • Ri and R- t are, independently, alkyl radicals containing from
  • Ri and R 4 are independently selected from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably Ri and R 4 are
  • R 2 and R 3 are, independently, selected from the group consisting of methyl and ethyl
  • ethylene oxide adducts of tertiary acetylenic diols include those available under the trade designations "SURFYNOL 420", “SURFYNOL 440", “SURFYNOL 465", and SURFYNOL 485" from Air Products, Allentown PA.
  • ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units may be distributed along the chain in blocks of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide or the ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units may be distributed randomly.
  • Preferred ethylene oxide/propylene oxide adducts of acetylenic diols include those where r
  • a representative example of an acetylenic diol is commercially available under the trade designation "SURFYNOL 2502" from Air Products, Allentown PA.
  • Alkoxylated acetylenic diols of the type shown in formulas (I) and (II) are typically present in compositions of the invention in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 10%) by weight of the composition, more preferably ranging from about 0.05% to about 0.5%), and most preferably from about 0.10% to about 0.35% by weight of the composition.
  • Compositions of the present invention may be provided in a concentrated water-dilutable composition.
  • the alkoxylated acetylenic diol is typically present in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 10% by weight, more typically about 1% to about 6% by weight, and most typically about 2.5% to about 5% by weight of dilutable composition.
  • compositions of the invention comprise a builder.
  • a builder is a material that increases the effectiveness of the degreasing composition, for example, by acting as a softener and as a sequestering and/or buffering agent.
  • Examples of builders include alkali-metal phosphates (e.g., sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate, sodium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, etc).
  • Other examples of builders include sodium metasilicate, sodium tetraborate, and sodium citrate.
  • Builders such as as sodium citrate may be chosen in order to provide degreasing compositions that are low phosphate or are phosphate free.
  • the builder is typically incorporated into the degreasing composition of the invention in an amount ranging from about 0.1 % to about 12% by weight.
  • the builder When provided in a concentrated, end-user dilutable form, the builder is typically present in an amount ranging from about 3% to about 10%) by weight, more preferably from about 5% to about 8% by weight.
  • the builder In the diluted form, the builder is typically present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 % to about 2.0% by weight, more preferably about 0.2%> to about 1.0% by weight.
  • Builders are commercially available from Asteris, LLC (St. Louis, MO); Aldrich Chemical Co. (Milwaukee, WI); Ashland Chemical Co. (Columbus, OH), and Rhodia, Inc.(Cranbury, NJ).
  • compositions of the invention comprise an amphoteric surfactant.
  • amphoteric surfactants include amino proprionates, imino propionates, betaines, sultaines, and the like.
  • the amphoteric surfactant is incorporated in the composition in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 10% by weight.
  • the amphoteric surfactant is typically included in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 7% by weight, more preferably ranging from about 3% to about 6% by weight.
  • the amphoteric surfactant is typically present in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 1.0% by weight, more. preferably about 0.1% to about 0.5% by weight.
  • Amphoteric surfactants are commercially available under the trade designations "MIRITAINE JC-HA" and "MIRITAINE H2C- HA", from Rhodia, Inc., Cranbury, NJ.
  • Degreasing composition of the invention are low VOC.
  • the term “low VOC” means that the degreasing composition comprise less than about 50% by weight volatile organic compounds (VOC).
  • volatile organic compound volatile organic compound 1 ' or “VOC” includes hydrocarbon materials having a vapor pressure equal to or greater than 0.1 mm Hg.
  • the degreasing composition comprises less than about 30% by weight VOC, and may comprise less than about 10%> by weight VOC.
  • the degreasing compositions of the invention are non-caustic.
  • non-caustic means that the degreasing composition does not include strongly alkaline materials, for example, hydroxides or silicates, in particular metasilicates.
  • the degreasing compositions have a pH ranging from about 7 to about 14, more preferably ranging from about 8 to about 10, and most preferably ranging from about 8.5 to about 10.
  • Some embodiments of the degreasing compositions of the invention are low-phosphate or are phosphate-free.
  • the term "low-phosphate” means that the degreasing composition contains less than 1%> by weight phosphate-containing materials, for example, alkali-metal phosphates. It is understood that a concentrated end-user dilutable form of the degreasing composition may be provided having a higher level of phosphate, however, when properly diluted to its usable concentration would be low phosphate.
  • phosphate-free means that the degreasing composition does not include phosphate-containing materials, for example, alkali-metal phosphates. Phosphate-free degreasing compositions typically include a non-phosphate builder such as sodium citrate.
  • phosphate-free degreasing compositions of the invention include caustic, for example, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide or sodium metasilicate.
  • the caustic is included in an amount ranging from about 0.2% to about 0.5% by weight of the degreasing composition. If the degreasing composition is supplied in a concentrated, end-user dilutable form, caustic is typically present in an amount ranging from about 3% to 6% by weight.
  • Preferred alkoxylated acetylenic diols for phosphate-free degreasing compositions that include caustic are ethylene oxide/propylene oxide adducts of acetylenic diols shown in formula (II).
  • compositions of the invention may optionally comprise an anionic, cationic or a nonionic surfactant.
  • nonionic surfactants include, for example, primary alcohol ethoxylates series, commercially available under the trade designation "TOMADOL", for example, “TOMADOL 1-9" from Tomah 3 Products, Inc. (Milton WI); secondary alcohol ethoxylates series, commercially available under the trade designation
  • compositions of the present invention may optionally comprise a fragrance.
  • a fragrance is incorporated in an amount ranging from 0 to about 1% by weight of the composition, although amounts outside of this range may also be suitable in some instances.
  • a suitable fragrance is commercially available under the trade designation "FRAGRANCE #38458” from Bell-Aire Fragrances, Mundelein, IL.
  • compositions of the present invention may optionally comprise a biocide or preservative to prolong the useful life of the composition, for example, by killing or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, molds, slime, fungi, and the like.
  • a biocide or preservative is typically present in an amount ranging from 0 to 0.2% by weight of the composition.
  • compositions of the present invention may optionally comprise a dye or colorant.
  • a dye or colorant is added, for example, to add visual appeal to the composition and/or to allow the end-user to visually estimate the concentration of the composition.
  • Suitable dyes or colorants are water-soluble and provide a desirable color.
  • a dye or colorant is added in an amount ranging from about 0.001 to 0.1% by weight although amounts outside of this range may also be suitable.
  • compositions of the present invention may be prepared by mixing the required components in any suitable mixing container.
  • the builder is dissolved first at ambient temperature, i.e., about 20°C.
  • the mixing time will depend on the rate of agitation and the concentration of the composition, but is typically between 10 and 30 minutes. Remaining components are dissolved sequentially, typically requiring between 5 and 10 minutes between additions.
  • the ethoxylated or ethoxylated/propoxylated acetylenic diols of the present invention are added last and mixing continued until a homogenous solution is obtained.
  • compositions of the present invention are typically applied to a soiled substrate using a liquid spraying device, for example, a garden sprayer, trigger spray bottle or a pressure spray washer.
  • a liquid spraying device for example, a garden sprayer, trigger spray bottle or a pressure spray washer.
  • the composition is allowed to act on the soil for a period of about 1 minute or more. Multiple applications of the degreasing composition may be desirable for heavily soiled substrates.
  • the degreasing composition is then removed from the substrate using a pressurized stream of water, for example, a garden hose equipped with a nozzle or a pressure washer.
  • JCHA refers to an amphoteric surfactant, having the trade designation “MIRITAINE JC-HA”, from Rhodia, Inc., Cranbury, NJ.
  • HCHA refers to an amphoteric surfactant, having the trade designation "MIRITAINE H2C-HA", from Rhodia, Inc.
  • S-61 refers to an acetylenic alcohol, having the trade designation “SURFYNOL 61”, from Air Products, Allentown, PA.
  • S-104 refers to an acetylenic diol, having the trade designation "SURFYNOL 104", from Air Products.
  • S-420 refers to an acetylenic diol-ethylene oxide adduct, having the trade designation “SURFYNOL 420”, from Air Products.
  • S-440 refers to an acetylenic diol-ethylene oxide adduct, having the trade designation “SURFYNOL 440", from Air Products.
  • S-465" refers to an acetylenic diol-ethylene oxide adduct, having the trade designation "SURFYNOL 465", from Air Products.
  • S-2502 refers to an acetylenic diol-ethylene oxide/propylene oxide adduct, having the trade designation "SURFYNOL 2502", from Air Products.
  • SCD sodium citrate dihydrate, technical grade, from Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI.
  • STTP sodium tripolyphosphate, technical grade, from Aldrich Chemical Co.
  • Tl-9 refers to, a secondary alkyl ethoxylate nonionic surfactant having the trade designation "TOMADOL 1-9", from Tomah Reserve, Tomah, WI.
  • TX- 100 refers to a nonylphenol ethoxylate nonionic surfactant, having the trade designation “TRITON X-100", from Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI.
  • F-38458 refers to "FRAGRANCE #38458", from Bell-Aire Fragrances, Mundelein, IL.
  • Aqueous solutions were prepared by dissolving, in sequential order, the components listed in TABLE 1 at a temperature of 70°F (21°C).
  • Aqueous solutions were prepared by dissolving, in sequential order, the components listed in TABLE 3, according to the conditions outlined in Examples 1-5.
  • Aqueous solutions were prepared by dissolving, in sequential order, the components listed in TABLE 5, according to the conditions outlined in Examples 1-5.
  • Aqueous solutions were prepared by dissolving, in sequential order, the components listed in TABLE 7, according to the conditions outlined in Examples 1-5.
  • Example 17 was applied to the driver's side of the same engine. Comparative H was applied to the passenger side of the engine. The solutions were given a residence time of 3 minutes, after which the test areas were power washed according to the procedure described above. Results are listed in TABLE 8.
  • Aqueous solutions were prepared by dissolving, in sequential order, the components listed in TABLE 9, according to the conditions outlined in Examples 1-5.
  • Example 19 was applied to the passenger side of the engine. The solutions were given a residence time of 3 minutes, after which the test areas were power washed according to the procedure described above. Results are listed in TABLE 10. TABLE 10

Abstract

Degreasing compositions that may be used, for example, to degrease substrates such as contaminated surfaces of automobile engines are disclosed. The degreasing compositions comprise a builder, an amphoteric surfactant, and an alkoxylated acetylenic diol. Certain embodiments of the degreasing composition are non-caustic, low VOC and may be low phosphate or phosphate-free.

Description

DEGREASING COMPOSITIONS
FIELD
The present invention relates to degreasing compositions comprising alkoxylated acetylenic diols.
BACKGROUND
Vehicle exteriors accumulate road grime during use. Depending on the season, road grime may comprise bugs, tar or salt, as well as exhaust particulates, tire residues, leaking vehicle fluids and the like. The oily dirty residue within engine compartments comprises a similar mix of contaminants, but which are significantly carbonized by heat from the engine. With respect to the latter, removing this carbonized oily dirt may require a degreaser rather than a conventional cleaner.
Engine degreasers often include one or more hazardous and/or undesirable components, for example, petroleum based and/or halogenated solvents that may be classified as VOCs, highly caustic media, and/or silicates. Such aggressive degreasers have to be carefully applied to avoid damaging the vehicle's exterior.
Engine degreaser compositions may also include phosphates. While phosphates are effective sequestering agents and provide for more effective rinsing of the cleaner from the treated substrate, they are environmentally unfriendly as they promote algae and other plant growth. Consequently, municipalities are restricting or banning the use of phosphate products that may enter the watershed.
Achieving degreasing effectiveness within the constraints of low VOCs, desirable alkalinity levels and low phosphate concentration has proved difficult. SUMMARY
The present invention provides degreasing compositions that may be used, for example, to degrease substrates such as contaminated surfaces of automobile engines.
In one aspect the present invention provides non-caustic and low NOC degreasing compositions comprising:
(a) an alkoxylated acetylenic diol of formula (I) or (II):
Figure imgf000003_0001
(I)
where: Ri and R4 are, independently, alkyl radicals containing from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably Ri and 4 are -CH2CH2CH(CH3)2;
R2 and R3 are, independently, selected from the group consisting of methyl and ethyl; and
(x+y) = 2 to 50, preferably 3 to 10, and more preferably 4 to 7;
Figure imgf000003_0002
(II) where: r and t are each, independently, 1 or 2; (n+m) = 1 to 30; and (p+q) = 1 to 30; (b) a builder; and
(c) an amphoteric surfactant.
As used herein the term "low VOC" means that the degreasing composition of the present invention comprises less than about 50% by weight volatile organic compounds (VOC).
As used herein the term "volatile organic compound" or "VOC" includes hydrocarbon materials having a vapor pressure equal to or greater than 0.1 mm Hg.
As used herein the term "non-caustic" means that the degreasing composition does not mclude strongly alkaline materials, for example, hydroxides or silicates, in particular metasilicates.
Representative examples of builders include alkali-metal phosphates, sodium metasilicate, sodium tetraborate, and sodium citrate. The builder is typically present in the degreasing composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 12% by weight of the composition.
Representative examples of amphoteric surfactant include amino proprionates, imino propionates, betaines, and sultaines. The amphoteric surfactant is typically present in the degreasing composition in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of the composition.
Some embodiments of the degreasing compositions of the invention are low phosphate or are phosphate free. As used herein the term "low-phosphate" means that the degreasing composition contains less than 1% by weight phosphate-containing materials, for example, alkali-metal phosphates. As used herein the term "phosphate-free" means that the degreasing composition does not mclude phosphate-containing materials, for example, alkali-metal phosphates. Phosphate-free degreasing compositions typically include a non- phosphate builder, for example, sodium citrate.
Another aspect the present invention provides phosphate-free, low VOC degreasing compositions comprising an alkoxylated acetylenic diol of formula (II):
Figure imgf000005_0001
(II) where: r and t are each, independently, 1 or 2; (n+m) = 1 to 30; and (p+q) = 1 to 30;
(b) a builder; and
(c) an amphoteric surfactant.
Phosphate-free degreasing compositions may include caustic, for example, potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Degreasing compositions of the present invention comprise an alkoxylated acetylenic diol, a builder, and an amphoteric surfactant. Components making up degreasing compositons of the present invention are described in detail below.
Alkoxylated Acetylenic Diols:
Compositions of the present invention comprise an alkoxylated adduct of a tertiary acetylenic diol, for example, an ethylene oxide adduct of a tertiary acetylenic diol or an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide adduct of a tertiary acetylenic diol.
Ethylene oxide adducts of tertiary acetylenic diols are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,650,543 (Medina), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Such adducts have the general structural formula (I):
Figure imgf000006_0001
(I)
where: Ri and R-t are, independently, alkyl radicals containing from
3 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably Ri and R4 are
-CH2CH2CH(CH3)2;
R2 and R3 are, independently, selected from the group consisting of methyl and ethyl; and
(x+y) = 2 to 50, preferably 3 to 10, and more preferably 4 to
7. Commercially available ethylene oxide adducts of tertiary acetylenic diols include those available under the trade designations "SURFYNOL 420", "SURFYNOL 440", "SURFYNOL 465", and SURFYNOL 485" from Air Products, Allentown PA.
Ethylene oxide/propylene oxide adducts of acetylenic diols and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,313,182 (Lassila et al.), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Such adducts have the general structural formula (II).
Figure imgf000006_0002
(II) where: r and t are independently 1 or 2; (n+m) = 1 to 30; and (p+q) = 1 to 30. The ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units may be distributed along the chain in blocks of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide or the ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units may be distributed randomly.
Preferred ethylene oxide/propylene oxide adducts of acetylenic diols include those where r
= t; (n+m) = 1.3 to 15 and (p+q) = 1 to 10. More preferred ethylene oxide/propylene oxide adducts of acetylenic diols include those where r = t, (n+m) = 1.3 to 10 and (p+q) = 1 to 3.
A representative example of an acetylenic diol is commercially available under the trade designation "SURFYNOL 2502" from Air Products, Allentown PA.
Alkoxylated acetylenic diols of the type shown in formulas (I) and (II) are typically present in compositions of the invention in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 10%) by weight of the composition, more preferably ranging from about 0.05% to about 0.5%), and most preferably from about 0.10% to about 0.35% by weight of the composition. Compositions of the present invention may be provided in a concentrated water-dilutable composition. When provided as a dilutable composition, the alkoxylated acetylenic diol is typically present in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 10% by weight, more typically about 1% to about 6% by weight, and most typically about 2.5% to about 5% by weight of dilutable composition.
Compositions of the invention comprise a builder. A builder is a material that increases the effectiveness of the degreasing composition, for example, by acting as a softener and as a sequestering and/or buffering agent. Examples of builders include alkali-metal phosphates (e.g., sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate, sodium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, etc). Other examples of builders include sodium metasilicate, sodium tetraborate, and sodium citrate. Builders such as as sodium citrate may be chosen in order to provide degreasing compositions that are low phosphate or are phosphate free. The builder is typically incorporated into the degreasing composition of the invention in an amount ranging from about 0.1 % to about 12% by weight. When provided in a concentrated, end-user dilutable form, the builder is typically present in an amount ranging from about 3% to about 10%) by weight, more preferably from about 5% to about 8% by weight. In the diluted form, the builder is typically present in an amount ranging from about 0.1 % to about 2.0% by weight, more preferably about 0.2%> to about 1.0% by weight. Builders are commercially available from Asteris, LLC (St. Louis, MO); Aldrich Chemical Co. (Milwaukee, WI); Ashland Chemical Co. (Columbus, OH), and Rhodia, Inc.(Cranbury, NJ).
Compositions of the invention comprise an amphoteric surfactant. Representative examples of amphoteric surfactants include amino proprionates, imino propionates, betaines, sultaines, and the like. The amphoteric surfactant is incorporated in the composition in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 10% by weight. When provided in a concentrate, end-user dilutable form, the amphoteric surfactant is typically included in an amount ranging from about 2% to about 7% by weight, more preferably ranging from about 3% to about 6% by weight. In diluted form the amphoteric surfactant is typically present in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 1.0% by weight, more. preferably about 0.1% to about 0.5% by weight. Amphoteric surfactants are commercially available under the trade designations "MIRITAINE JC-HA" and "MIRITAINE H2C- HA", from Rhodia, Inc., Cranbury, NJ.
Degreasing composition of the invention are low VOC. As used herein the term "low VOC" means that the degreasing composition comprise less than about 50% by weight volatile organic compounds (VOC). As used herein the term "volatile organic compound"1' or "VOC" includes hydrocarbon materials having a vapor pressure equal to or greater than 0.1 mm Hg. In some embodiments the degreasing composition comprises less than about 30% by weight VOC, and may comprise less than about 10%> by weight VOC.
Some embodiments of the degreasing compositions of the invention are non-caustic. As used herein the term "non-caustic" means that the degreasing composition does not include strongly alkaline materials, for example, hydroxides or silicates, in particular metasilicates. In some embodiments, the degreasing compositions have a pH ranging from about 7 to about 14, more preferably ranging from about 8 to about 10, and most preferably ranging from about 8.5 to about 10. Some embodiments of the degreasing compositions of the invention are low-phosphate or are phosphate-free. As used herein the term "low-phosphate" means that the degreasing composition contains less than 1%> by weight phosphate-containing materials, for example, alkali-metal phosphates. It is understood that a concentrated end-user dilutable form of the degreasing composition may be provided having a higher level of phosphate, however, when properly diluted to its usable concentration would be low phosphate. As used herein the term "phosphate-free" means that the degreasing composition does not include phosphate-containing materials, for example, alkali-metal phosphates. Phosphate-free degreasing compositions typically include a non-phosphate builder such as sodium citrate.
In some embodiments, phosphate-free degreasing compositions of the invention include caustic, for example, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide or sodium metasilicate. In some embodiments the caustic is included in an amount ranging from about 0.2% to about 0.5% by weight of the degreasing composition. If the degreasing composition is supplied in a concentrated, end-user dilutable form, caustic is typically present in an amount ranging from about 3% to 6% by weight. Preferred alkoxylated acetylenic diols for phosphate-free degreasing compositions that include caustic are ethylene oxide/propylene oxide adducts of acetylenic diols shown in formula (II).
Compositions of the invention may optionally comprise an anionic, cationic or a nonionic surfactant. Representative examples of nonionic surfactants include, for example, primary alcohol ethoxylates series, commercially available under the trade designation "TOMADOL", for example, "TOMADOL 1-9" from Tomah3 Products, Inc. (Milton WI); secondary alcohol ethoxylates series, commercially available under the trade designation
"TERGITOL" from Dow Chemical Company (Midland MI); and nonylphenol ethoxylates series, commercially available under the trade designation "TRITON", for example, TRITON X-100" from Dow Chemical Co. (Midland MI). The anionic, cationic or nonionic surfactant is typically present in an amount ranging from 0 to about 5%> by weight of the composition. Compositions of the present invention may optionally comprise a fragrance. Typically, a fragrance is incorporated in an amount ranging from 0 to about 1% by weight of the composition, although amounts outside of this range may also be suitable in some instances. A suitable fragrance is commercially available under the trade designation "FRAGRANCE #38458" from Bell-Aire Fragrances, Mundelein, IL.
Compositions of the present invention may optionally comprise a biocide or preservative to prolong the useful life of the composition, for example, by killing or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, molds, slime, fungi, and the like. A biocide or preservative is typically present in an amount ranging from 0 to 0.2% by weight of the composition.
Compositions of the present invention may optionally comprise a dye or colorant. A dye or colorant is added, for example, to add visual appeal to the composition and/or to allow the end-user to visually estimate the concentration of the composition. Suitable dyes or colorants are water-soluble and provide a desirable color. Typically, a dye or colorant is added in an amount ranging from about 0.001 to 0.1% by weight although amounts outside of this range may also be suitable.
Compositions of the present invention may be prepared by mixing the required components in any suitable mixing container. Preferably the builder is dissolved first at ambient temperature, i.e., about 20°C. The mixing time will depend on the rate of agitation and the concentration of the composition, but is typically between 10 and 30 minutes. Remaining components are dissolved sequentially, typically requiring between 5 and 10 minutes between additions. Preferably the ethoxylated or ethoxylated/propoxylated acetylenic diols of the present invention are added last and mixing continued until a homogenous solution is obtained.
In use, compositions of the present invention are typically applied to a soiled substrate using a liquid spraying device, for example, a garden sprayer, trigger spray bottle or a pressure spray washer. After applying the degreasing composition, the composition is allowed to act on the soil for a period of about 1 minute or more. Multiple applications of the degreasing composition may be desirable for heavily soiled substrates. After allowing the composition to act on the soiled substrate, the degreasing composition is then removed from the substrate using a pressurized stream of water, for example, a garden hose equipped with a nozzle or a pressure washer.
EXAMPLES The examples are merely for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be limiting on the scope of the appended claims. All parts, percentages, ratios, etc. in the examples and the rest of the specification are by weight unless indicated otherwise. Unless otherwise noted, all reagents used in the examples were obtained, or are available from, general chemical suppliers such as Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI, or may be synthesized by known methods.
The following abbreviations are used in the examples:
"JCHA" refers to an amphoteric surfactant, having the trade designation "MIRITAINE JC-HA", from Rhodia, Inc., Cranbury, NJ.
"HCHA" refers to an amphoteric surfactant, having the trade designation "MIRITAINE H2C-HA", from Rhodia, Inc.
"S-61" refers to an acetylenic alcohol, having the trade designation "SURFYNOL 61", from Air Products, Allentown, PA.
"S-104" refers to an acetylenic diol, having the trade designation "SURFYNOL 104", from Air Products.
"S-420" refers to an acetylenic diol-ethylene oxide adduct, having the trade designation "SURFYNOL 420", from Air Products.
"S-440" refers to an acetylenic diol-ethylene oxide adduct, having the trade designation "SURFYNOL 440", from Air Products. "S-465" refers to an acetylenic diol-ethylene oxide adduct, having the trade designation "SURFYNOL 465", from Air Products.
"S-2502" refers to an acetylenic diol-ethylene oxide/propylene oxide adduct, having the trade designation "SURFYNOL 2502", from Air Products.
"SCD" refers to sodium citrate dihydrate, technical grade, from Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI.
"STTP" refers to sodium tripolyphosphate, technical grade, from Aldrich Chemical Co.
"Tl-9" refers to, a secondary alkyl ethoxylate nonionic surfactant having the trade designation "TOMADOL 1-9", from Tomah Reserve, Tomah, WI.
"TX- 100" refers to a nonylphenol ethoxylate nonionic surfactant, having the trade designation "TRITON X-100", from Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI.
"F-38458" refers to "FRAGRANCE #38458", from Bell-Aire Fragrances, Mundelein, IL.
TEST PROCEDURES
With the exception of Examples 11-13 and Comparatives G-H, one solution was sprayed on the driver's side of the engine and front bumper until evenly coated. Simultaneously, another solution was evenly applied to the engine and front bumper on the passenger side of the vehicle. The relative degree of grease and dirt contamination on the vehicle prior to cleaning was rated as follows:
Rating Contamination Level
3 Extremely soiled
2 Heavily soiled 1 Moderately soiled After a residence time of 3 minutes the entire engine and entire bumper were thoroughly rinsed with a pressure washer having the trade designation "RHINO", available from Hot Z Distributors, Roseville, MN, at a pressure of 2,500 psi (17.2 MPa) for 2 minutes. The vehicle was allowed to dry and the amount of dirl/grease removed was visually estimated based on the following scale:
Rating Amount of Di rt Grease Removed
6 100%
5 90-95%
4 80-90%
3 60-80%
2 35-60%
1 10-35%
0 less than 10%
EXAMPLES 1-5 & COMPARATIVES A-E
Aqueous solutions were prepared by dissolving, in sequential order, the components listed in TABLE 1 at a temperature of 70°F (21°C).
TABLE 1
Figure imgf000013_0001
Figure imgf000014_0001
The following vehicles were cleaned and evaluated as described above. Results are listed in TABLE 2.
TABLE 2
Figure imgf000014_0002
Figure imgf000015_0001
EXAMPLES 6-14 & COMPARATIVE F
Aqueous solutions were prepared by dissolving, in sequential order, the components listed in TABLE 3, according to the conditions outlined in Examples 1-5.
TABLE 3
Figure imgf000015_0002
Figure imgf000016_0001
The following vehicles were cleaned and evaluated as described above. Results are listed in TABLE 4.
TABLE 4
0
TABLE 4 Cont.
Figure imgf000017_0001
EXAMPLES 15-16 & COMPARATIVE G
Aqueous solutions were prepared by dissolving, in sequential order, the components listed in TABLE 5, according to the conditions outlined in Examples 1-5.
TABLE 5
Figure imgf000017_0002
Each solution was applied to discrete, equally soiled (contamination rating = 2), areas of the engine of a Cheverolet Yukon (160,000 kilometers). The solutions were given a residence time of 3 minutes, after which the test areas were power washed according to the procedure described above. Results are listed in TABLE 6. 04/06106
TABLE 6
Figure imgf000018_0001
EXAMPLE 17 & COMPARATIVE H
Aqueous solutions were prepared by dissolving, in sequential order, the components listed in TABLE 7, according to the conditions outlined in Examples 1-5.
TABLE 7
Figure imgf000018_0002
Each solution was diluted 1 part to 25 parts deionized water. Subsequent to the previous test on the Cheverolet Yukon, Example 17 was applied to the driver's side of the same engine. Comparative H was applied to the passenger side of the engine. The solutions were given a residence time of 3 minutes, after which the test areas were power washed according to the procedure described above. Results are listed in TABLE 8.
Figure imgf000019_0001
EXAMPLES 18-19
Aqueous solutions were prepared by dissolving, in sequential order, the components listed in TABLE 9, according to the conditions outlined in Examples 1-5.
TABLE 9
Figure imgf000019_0002
Example 18 was applied to the driver's side of a Toyota Celica engine (kilometers = 160,000; contamination rating = 2). Example 19 was applied to the passenger side of the engine. The solutions were given a residence time of 3 minutes, after which the test areas were power washed according to the procedure described above. Results are listed in TABLE 10. TABLE 10
Figure imgf000020_0001

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A degreasing composition comprising:
(a) an alkoxylated acetylenic diol having the structure of formula (I) or (II):
Figure imgf000021_0001
(I)
where: Ri and R-j are, independently, alkyl radicals containing from 3 to 10 carbon atoms;
R2 and R3 are, independently, selected from the group consisting of methyl and ethyl; and (x+y) = 2 to 50;
Figure imgf000021_0002
(II) where: r and t are each, independently, 1 or 2; (n+m) = 1 to 30; and (p+q) = 1 to 30;
(b) a builder; and
(c) an amphoteric surfactant; wherein the degreasing composition is non-caustic and low- VOC.
2. The degreasing composition of claim 1, wherein the alkoxylated acetylenic diol has the structure of formula (I).
3. The degreasing composition of claim 2, wherein the alkoxylated acetylenic diol has the structure of formula (I) and wherein (x+y) = 4 to 7.
4. The degreasing composition of claim 1, wherein the alkoxylated acetylenic diol has the structure of formula (II).
5. The degreasing composition of claim 1, wherein the alkoxylated acetylenic diol has the structure of formula (II) and wherein (n+m) = 1.3 to 10 and (p+q) = 1 to 3.
6. The degreasing composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is phosphate-free.
7. The degreasing composition of claim 1 , wherein the alkoxylated acetylenic diol comprises about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of the composition.
8. The degreasing composition of claim 1, wherein the builder is selected from the group consisting of alkali-metal phosphates, sodium metasilicate, sodium tetraborate, and sodium citrate.
9. The degreasing composition of claim 1, wherein the amphoteric surfactant is selected from the group consisting of amino proprionates, imino propionates, betaines, and sultaines.
10. The degreasing composition of claim 1, wherein the amphoteric surfactant comprises about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of the composition.
11. The degreasing composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises less than about 10% by weight volatile organic compounds.
2. A degreasing composition comprising:
(a) an alkoxylated acetylenic diol having the structure of formula (II):
Figure imgf000023_0001
(II) where: r and t are each, independently, 1 or 2;
(n+m) = 1 to 30; and
(p+q) = 1 to 30;
(b) a builder; and
(c) an amphoteric surfactant; wherein the degreasing composition is phosphate-free and lowNOC.
13. The degreasing composition of claim 12, wherein the alkoxylated acetylenic diol has the structure of formula (II) and wherein (n+m) = 1.3 to 10 and (p+q) = 1 to 3.
14. The degreasing composition of claim 12, wherein the alkoxylated acetylenic diol comprises about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of the composition.
15. The degreasing composition of claim 12, wherein the builder is sodium citrate.
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