WO2004101644A1 - Molded or extruded articles comprising polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer compositions having short annealing cycle times - Google Patents
Molded or extruded articles comprising polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer compositions having short annealing cycle times Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004101644A1 WO2004101644A1 PCT/US2004/012800 US2004012800W WO2004101644A1 WO 2004101644 A1 WO2004101644 A1 WO 2004101644A1 US 2004012800 W US2004012800 W US 2004012800W WO 2004101644 A1 WO2004101644 A1 WO 2004101644A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- molded
- randomly repeating
- monomer units
- monomer unit
- extruded article
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/06—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/20—Tampons, e.g. catamenial tampons; Accessories therefor
- A61F13/2082—Apparatus or processes of manufacturing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/20—Tampons, e.g. catamenial tampons; Accessories therefor
- A61F13/2082—Apparatus or processes of manufacturing
- A61F13/2085—Catamenial tampons
- A61F13/2097—Catamenial tampons method of manufacturing tampon applicators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/20—Tampons, e.g. catamenial tampons; Accessories therefor
- A61F13/26—Means for inserting tampons, i.e. applicators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/06—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
- C08G63/065—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids the hydroxy and carboxylic ester groups being bound to aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
Definitions
- Such a PHA is referred to herein as a C4C6 PHA copolymer.
- a C4C6 PHA copolymer for the present invention, between 2 and 8% of the randomly repeating monomer units has the structure of the second monomer unit, the C6 unit.
- compositions are demonstrated herein to provide an annealing cycle time that is at least ten seconds less than an annealing cycle time to form a molded or extruded article having the at least two randomly repeating monomer units wherein 8% or greater than 8% of the randomly repeating monomer units have the structure of the second monomer unit.
- the annealing cycle time for a molded or extruded article is at least 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50 seconds less than an annealing cycle time to form a molded or extruded article having the at least two randomly repeating monomer units wherein 8% or greater than 8% of the randomly repeating monomer units have the structure of the second monomer unit.
- a dogbone tensile bar having dimensions of 1/2 inch length (L) (12.7 mm) x 1/8 inch width (W) (3.175 mm) x 1/16 inch height (H) (1.5875 mm) made using an Engel Tiebarless ES 60 TL injection molding machine as provided herein provides a standard article as representative of a molded or extruded article for measuring annealing cycle times herein.
- polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer suitably has a number average molecular weight of greater than about 50,000 g/mole, greater than 150,000 g/mole or, in a further embodiment, greater than 250,000 g/mole.
- plasticizers include hydroxyl plasticizers, sugar alcohols, polyols, hydrogen bond forming organic compounds which do not have hydroxyl group, including urea and urea derivatives, anhydrides of sugar alcohols, animal proteins, vegetable proteins, organic acid esters which are biodegradable, aliphatic acids, or the like.
- Suitable plasticizers are exemplified by glycerol triacetate, methyl ricinolate, dimethyl sebacate, dihexyl phthalate, caprolactone diol, caprolactone triol, and others such as those described in the above referenced U.S. Patent Nos. 3,182,036 and 5,231,148.
- a plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sebacate, glycerin, triacetin, glycerol, monostearate, sorbitol, eiythritol, glucidol, mannitol, sucrose, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, diethylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, triethylene glycol caprate-caprylate, butylene glycol, pentamethylene glycol, hexamethylene glycol, dusobutyl adipate, oleic amide, erucic amide, palmitic amide, dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, methyl pyrrolidone, tetramethylene sulfone, oxa monoacids, oxa diacids, polyoxa diacids, diglycolic acids, triethyl cit
- Nucleating agents are generally used to increase the crystallization rate, reduce the size of crystals, and improve transparency. Nucleating agents can also improve the meltflow and demolding behavior of partly crystalline plastic materials such as thermoplastic polyesters.
- a second polyhydroxyalkanoate such as polyhydroxybutyrate can act as a nucleating agent for the first polyhydroxyalkanoate and thereby improve the crystallization rate of the first polyhydroxyalkanoate such as disclosed by Autran, et al. WO02/055581 and WO02/50156, each filed December 20, 2001.
- nucleating agents include talc, boron nitride, titanium oxide, micromica, chalk, salts, sorbitol acetal, clay, calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, calcium phosphate, LICOMONT® CaV 102 and LICOMONT ® NaV 101 (the calcium and sodium salt, respectively, of montanic acid, i.e., long chain (C28-C32) linear carboxylic acids) both of which are commercially available from the Clariant Corporation (Coventry, Rhode Island); and MILLAD® 3988 (l,2,3,4-bis-(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene sorbitol) which is commercially available from Milliken Chemical (Inman, South Carolina). Nucleating agents commonly constitute from about 0.01% to about 5% of the weight of the molded or extruded articles, when used.
- Injection molding of thermoplastics is a multi-step process by which a composition of the present invention is heated until it is molten, then forced into a closed mold where it is shaped, and finally solidified by cooling.
- the PHA copolymers and any optional ingredients are melt processed at melting temperatures less than about 180 °C, more typically less than about 160 °C to minimize unwanted thermal degradation.
- Three common types of machines that are used in injection molding are ram, screw plasticator with injection, and reciprocating screw devices (see Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Vol. 8, pp. 102-138, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1987 (“EPSE-3").
- a ram injection molding machine is composed of a cylinder, spreader, and plunger. The plunger forces the melt in the mold.
- An example of a suitable injection molding machine is the Engel Tiebarless ES 60 TL apparatus having a mold, a nozzle, and a barrel that is divided into zones wherein each zone is equipped with thennocouples and temperature-control units.
- the zones of the injection molding machine can be described as front, center, and rear zones whereby the pellets are introduced into the front zone under controlled temperature.
- the temperature of the nozzle, mold, and barrel components of the injection molding machine can vary according to the melt processing temperature of the pellets and the molds used, but will typically be in the following ranges: nozzle, 120-170 °C; front zone, 100-160 °C; center zone 100-160 °C; rear zone 60-150 °C; and mold, 5-50 °C.
- Blow molding has a number of advantages over injection molding.
- the pressures used are much lower than injection molding.
- Blow molding can be typically accomplished at pressures of about 170 kPa to about 690 kPa between the plastic and the mold surface.
- injection molding pressures can reach about 69,000 kPa to about 137,900 kPa (see EPSE-3).
- blow molding is the technique of choice.
- High molecular weight polymers (or copolymers) often have better properties than low molecular weight polymers, for example high molecular weight materials have greater resistance to environmental stress cracking, (see EPSE-3). It is possible to make extremely thin walls in products with blow molding.
- Flushable tampon applicators of the present invention are molded or extruded in a desired shape or configuration using a variety of molding or extrusion techniques to provide a thermoplastic applicator comprising an outer tubular member and an inner tubular member or plunger.
- the outer tubular member and plunger may be made by different molding or extrusion techniques, and in a further embodiment, the outer member is molded or extruded from a composition of the present invention and the plunger is made from another environmentally degradable material.
- the compounders that are commonly used to melt blend thermoplastic compositions are generally single-screw extruders, twin-screw extruders, and kneader extruders.
- Examples of commercially available extruders suitable for use herein include the Black-Clawson single-screw extruders, the Werner and Pfleiderer co-rotating twin-screw extruders, the HAAKE® Polylab System counter-rotating twin screw extruders, and the Buss kneader extruders.
- General discussions of polymer compounding and extrusion molding are disclosed in the Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering; Vol. 6, pp. 571-631, 1986, and Vol. 11, pp. 262-285, 1988; John Wiley and Sons, New York.
- ASTM D 5338 Standard Test Method for the Determining Aerobic Biodegradation of Plastic Materials Under Controlled Composting Conditions
- ASTM D 5271 Standard Test Method for Assessing the Aerobic Biodegradation of Plastic Materials in an Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment System
- Titanium dioxide available from DuPont White Pigment & Mineral Products
- compositions are fed into a HAAKE® Polylab System counter-rotating twin screw extruder.
- the extruder is equipped with a single hole die plate for compounding the dry mixture into a single strand of molten plastic that is air-cooled and then pelletized using a pelletizer for injection molding.
- Composition 1 displays properties of "stickiness” and does not release readily from a mold.
- Compositions 2., 12., and 14.-18. display physical properties that are acceptable for a variety of molded articles and Table 1 teaches one of skill in the art how to choose a particular composition for a particular use. For example, for a softer article, a composition having a smaller hardness number and a lower Young's Modulus would be chosen. A larger break elongation indicates a more elastic composition with less brittleness. A higher break stress indicates a stronger integrity and higher durability.
- Anaerobic Disintegration The pu ⁇ ose of this test is to assess the biological disintegration of a flushable product under anaerobic conditions. A high rate of disintegration provides evidence that the product will not be recognizable in septic tank septage or anaerobic digester sludge.
- the product is weighed and added to a 2L amber glass bottle that contains 1.5 L of anaerobic digester sludge.
- the bottles are capped with a one-hole stopper to allow for venting of the evolved gases.
- At the screening level three replicate bottles are placed in an incubator at 35 °C for each product in the test. For confirmatory testing triplicate bottles are prepared for each time point. The test is conducted under static conditions.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI0410133-2A BRPI0410133A (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2004-04-23 | molded or extruded articles comprising short annealing cycle polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer compositions |
MXPA05011991A MXPA05011991A (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2004-04-23 | Molded or extruded articles comprising polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer compositions having short annealing cycle times. |
JP2006501300A JP2006525380A (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2004-04-23 | Molded or extruded articles comprising a polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer composition having a short annealing cycle time |
EP04760836A EP1620487A1 (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2004-04-23 | Molded or extruded articles comprising polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer compositions having short annealing cycle times |
CA002523948A CA2523948A1 (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2004-04-23 | Molded or extruded articles comprising polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer compositions having short annealing cycle times |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/431,797 US6706942B1 (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2003-05-08 | Molded or extruded articles comprising polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer compositions having short annealing cycle times |
US10/431,797 | 2003-05-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004101644A1 true WO2004101644A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
Family
ID=31947009
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2004/012800 WO2004101644A1 (en) | 2003-05-08 | 2004-04-23 | Molded or extruded articles comprising polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer compositions having short annealing cycle times |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6706942B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1620487A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2006525380A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20050114733A (en) |
CN (1) | CN100577708C (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0410133A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2523948A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA05011991A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004101644A1 (en) |
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- 2004-04-23 WO PCT/US2004/012800 patent/WO2004101644A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-04-23 BR BRPI0410133-2A patent/BRPI0410133A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-04-23 CA CA002523948A patent/CA2523948A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-04-23 JP JP2006501300A patent/JP2006525380A/en active Pending
- 2004-04-23 CN CN200480012481A patent/CN100577708C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-23 KR KR1020057020356A patent/KR20050114733A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-04-23 EP EP04760836A patent/EP1620487A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-04-23 MX MXPA05011991A patent/MXPA05011991A/en active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20050114733A (en) | 2005-12-06 |
CN1784447A (en) | 2006-06-07 |
CN100577708C (en) | 2010-01-06 |
JP2006525380A (en) | 2006-11-09 |
MXPA05011991A (en) | 2006-02-02 |
CA2523948A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
EP1620487A1 (en) | 2006-02-01 |
US6706942B1 (en) | 2004-03-16 |
BRPI0410133A (en) | 2006-05-16 |
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