WO2004104490A1 - Self-contained heating unit and drug-supply unit employing same - Google Patents

Self-contained heating unit and drug-supply unit employing same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004104490A1
WO2004104490A1 PCT/US2004/016077 US2004016077W WO2004104490A1 WO 2004104490 A1 WO2004104490 A1 WO 2004104490A1 US 2004016077 W US2004016077 W US 2004016077W WO 2004104490 A1 WO2004104490 A1 WO 2004104490A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solid fuel
heating unit
drag
substrate
exterior surface
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2004/016077
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2004104490A9 (en
Inventor
Ramesh Damani
Ron L. Hale
Daniel J. Myers
Reynaldo J. Quintana
Dennis W. Solas
Soonho Song
Pravin Soni
Curtis Tom
Original Assignee
Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. filed Critical Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Priority to CA002526432A priority Critical patent/CA2526432A1/en
Priority to JP2006533308A priority patent/JP4601619B2/en
Priority to EP04752977A priority patent/EP1625333A1/en
Publication of WO2004104490A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004104490A1/en
Publication of WO2004104490A9 publication Critical patent/WO2004104490A9/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A61M11/04—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised
    • A61M11/041—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A61M11/04—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised
    • A61M11/041—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters
    • A61M11/042—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters electrical
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A61M11/04—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised
    • A61M11/041—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters
    • A61M11/047—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters by exothermic chemical reaction
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A61M15/06—Inhaling appliances shaped like cigars, cigarettes or pipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01B—BOILING; BOILING APPARATUS ; EVAPORATION; EVAPORATION APPARATUS
    • B01B1/00—Boiling; Boiling apparatus for physical or chemical purposes ; Evaporation in general
    • B01B1/005—Evaporation for physical or chemical purposes; Evaporation apparatus therefor, e.g. evaporation of liquids for gas phase reactions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B29/00—Packaging of materials presenting special problems
    • B65B29/10—Packaging two or more different substances isolated from one another in the package but capable of being mixed without opening the package, e.g. forming packages containing a resin and hardener isolated by a frangible partition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/12—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product having contiguous layers or zones
    • C06B45/14—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product having contiguous layers or zones a layer or zone containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/16—Materials undergoing chemical reactions when used
    • C09K5/18—Non-reversible chemical reactions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24V—COLLECTION, PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F24V30/00—Apparatus or devices using heat produced by exothermal chemical reactions other than combustion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A61M11/04—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised
    • A61M11/041—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters
    • A61M11/048—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters with a flame, e.g. using a burner
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • A61M2016/0015—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors
    • A61M2016/0018—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors electrical
    • A61M2016/0021—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors electrical with a proportional output signal, e.g. from a thermistor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • A61M2016/0027—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure pressure meter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/06—Solids
    • A61M2202/064—Powder
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/36—General characteristics of the apparatus related to heating or cooling
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/36—General characteristics of the apparatus related to heating or cooling
    • A61M2205/364—General characteristics of the apparatus related to heating or cooling by chemical reaction
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/36—General characteristics of the apparatus related to heating or cooling
    • A61M2205/3653—General characteristics of the apparatus related to heating or cooling by Joule effect, i.e. electric resistance
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/82—Internal energy supply devices
    • A61M2205/8268—Fuel storage cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using solid fuels; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23B2900/00003—Combustion devices specially adapted for burning metal fuels, e.g. Al or Mg
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/99008—Unmixed combustion, i.e. without direct mixing of oxygen gas and fuel, but using the oxygen from a metal oxide, e.g. FeO
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Abstract

Heating units, drug supply units and drug delivery articles capable of rapid heating are disclosed. Heating units (10, 60) comprising a substrate (12, 62) and a solid fuel (20, 80) capable of undergoing an exothermic metal oxidation reaction disposed within the substrate (12, 62) are disclosed. Drug supply units (100) and drug delivery articles (162) wherein a solid fuel (114, 174) is configured to heat a substrate (64, 164) to a temperature sufficient to rapidly thermally vaporize a drug (110, 166) disposed thereon are also disclosed.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A heating unit comprising: an enclosure; and a solid fuel capable of undergoing an exothermic metal oxidation-reduction reaction disposed within the enclosure.
2. A heating unit comprising: an enclosure; and a solid fuel comprising a metal reducing agent and a metal-containing oxidizing agent disposed within the enclosure.
3. A heating unit comprising: an enclosure comprising at least one substrate having an exterior surface and an interior surface; and a solid fuel disposed within the enclosure; wherein the solid fuel is configured to heat a portion of the exterior surface of the at least one substrate to a temperature of at least 200 °C within at least 3 seconds following ignition of the solid fuel.
4. The drag supply unit of claim 3, wherein the solid fuel is configured to heat a portion of the exterior surface of the at least one substrate to a temperature of at least 200 °C within at least 500 milliseconds following ignition of the solid fuel.
5. The drag supply unit of claim 3, wherein the solid fuel is configured to heat a portion of the exterior surface of the at least one substrate to a temperature of at least 200 °C within at least 250 milliseconds following ignition of the solid fuel.
6. A heating unit comprising: a sealed enclosure comprising at least one substiate having an exterior surface and an interior surface; a solid fuel comprising a metal reducing agent and a metal-containing oxidizing agent disposed on a portion of the interior surface of the substrate; and an impulse absorbing material disposed within the enclosure; wherein the solid fuel is configured to heat a portion of the exterior surface of the at least one substrate to a temperature of at least 200 °C within at least 500 milliseconds following ignition of the solid fuel.
7. The heating unit of claim 6, wherein the substiate is selected from a metal, an
87 alloy, and a ceramic.
8. The heating unit of claim 6, wherein the enclosure comprises more than one substrate.
9. The heating unit of claim 6, wherein the substrate is a metal foil.
10. The heating unit of claim 9, wherein the metal foil exhibits a thickness ranging from 0.001 inches to 0.010 inches.
11. The heating unit of claim 6, wherein the sealed enclosure is capable of withstanding an internal pressure of at least 50 psig.
12. The heating unit of claim 6, wherein the sealed enclosure is capable of withstanding an internal pressure of at least 20 psig.
13. The heating unit of claim 6, wherein the metal reducing agent is selected from at least one of the following: aluminum, zirconium, and titanium.
14. The heating unit of claim 6, wherein the metal-containing oxidizing agent is selected from at least one of the following: Mo03, KC10 , KC103 and Fe203.
15. The heating unit of claim 6, wherein the solid fuel is selected from a composition comprising Zr and Mo03, and Zr and Fe203.
16. The heating unit of claim 6, wherein the solid fuel is selected from a composition comprising Al and Mo03, and Al and Fe203.
17. The heating unit of claim 6, wherein the amount of metal reducing agent ranges from 60% by weight to 90%> by weight of the total dry weight of the solid fuel.
18. The heating unit of claim 6, wherein the amount of metal-containing oxidizing agent ranges from 10%) by weight to 40%> by weight of the total dry weight of the solid fuel.
19. The heating unit of claim 6, wherein the solid fuel comprises at least one additive material.
20. The heating unit of claim 19, wherein the additive material comprises a binder selected from at least one of the following: nitrocellulose and polyvinylalcohol.
21. The heating unit of claim 19, wherein the additive material is selected from at least one of the following: diatomaceous earth, glass beads, and colloidal silica.
22. The heating unit of claim 19, wherein the additive material comprises Laponite® RDS.
23. The heating unit of claim 6, wherein the metal reducing agent and the metal- containing oxidizing agent comprise powders.
24. The heating unit of claim 23, wherein the powders exhibit a particle size ranging from 100 mesh to 350 mesh.
25. The heating unit of claim 23, wherein the powders exhibit a particle size ranging from 0.1 μm to 200 μm.
26. The heating unit of claim 6, wherein the solid fuel comprises more than one metal reducing agent.
27. The heating unit of claim 6, wherein the solid fuel comprises more than one metal-containing oxidizing agent.
28. The heating unit of claim 6, wherein the solid fuel is in the form of a thin layer exhibiting a thickness ranging from 0.001 inches to 0.030 inches.
29. The heating unit of claim 6, wherein the solid fuel is in the form of a thin layer exhibiting a thickness ranging from 0.001 inches to 0.005 inches.
30. The heating unit of claim 6, wherein the mass of the solid fuel ranges from 0.01 grams to 1.0 grams.
31. The heating unit of claim 6, wherein the solid fuel adjoins the interior surface of the substrate.
32. The heating unit of claim 6, further comprising a thermal shunt within the enclosure.
33. The heating unit of claim 6, further comprising at least one impulse absorbing material.
34. The heating unit of claim 33, wherein the impulse absorbing material is selected from a porous material, and a fibrous material.
35. The heating unit of claim 6, further comprising at least one getter.
36. The heating unit of claim 6, further comprising at least one igniter.
37. The heating unit of claim 36, wherein the igniter is disposed within the enclosure.
38. The heating unit of claim 36, wherein the igniter comprises a resistive heating element and an initiator composition disposed on the resistive heating element.
39. The heating unit of claim 38, wherein the initiator composition comprises at least one reducing agent and at least one oxidizing agent.
40. The heating unit of claim 39, wherein the reducing agent of the initiator composition is selected from at least one of the following: aluminum, zirconium, and boron.
41. The heating unit of claim 39, wherein the oxidizing agent of the initiator
89 composition is selected from at least one of the following: a chlorate of an alkali metal, a chlorate of an alkali earth metal, a perchlorate of an alkali metal, and a perchlorate of an alkali earth metal.
42. The heating unit of claim 39, wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from at least one of the following: potassium chlorate, and potassium perchlorate.
43. The heating unit of claim 38, wherein the initiator composition comprises at least one additive material.
44. The heating unit of claim 43, wherein the additive material is selected from at least one of the following: diatomaceous earth, glass beads, and colloidal silica.
45. The heating unit of claim 6, wherein a portion of the external surface of the substrate reaches a temperature of at least 200 °C within less than 250 milliseconds following ignition of the solid fuel.
46. The heating unit of claim 6, wherein the solid fuel has a bum front with a propagation speed that ranges from 1.5 cm/sec to 50 cm/sec.
47. A drag supply unit comprising: an enclosure comprising at least one substrate having an exterior surface and an interior surface; a solid fuel capable of undergoing an exothermic metal oxidation-reduction reaction disposed within the enclosure; and a drag disposed on a portion of the exterior surface of the substrate.
48. A drag supply unit comprising: an enclosure comprising at least one substrate having an exterior surface and an interior surface; a solid fuel comprising a metal reducing agent and a metal-containing oxidizing agent disposed within the enclosure; and a drag disposed on a portion of the exterior surface of the substrate.
49. A dmg supply unit comprising: an enclosure comprising at least one substrate having an exterior surface and an interior surface; and a solid fuel disposed within the enclosure, and; a drag disposed on a portion of the exterior surface of the substrate; wherein the solid fuel is configured to heat a portion of the exterior surface of the
90 at least one substrate to a temperature sufficient to thermally vaporize the drug within at least 1000 milliseconds following ignition of the solid fuel.
50. The drag supply unit of claim 49, wherein the temperature is at least 200 °C.
51. The drag supply unit of claim 49, wherein the solid fuel is configured to heat a portion of the exterior surface of the at least one substrate to a temperature sufficient to thermally vaporize the drag within at least 800 milliseconds following ignition of the solid fuel.
52. The drug supply unit of claim 49, wherein the solid fuel is configured to heat a portion of the exterior surface of the at least one substrate to a temperature sufficient to thermally vaporize the dmg within at least 500 milliseconds following ignition of the solid fuel.
53. The drag supply unit of claim 49, wherein the solid fuel is configured to heat a portion of the exterior surface of the at least one substrate to a temperature sufficient to thermally vaporize the drag within at least 250 milliseconds following ignition of the solid fuel.
54. A drag supply unit comprising: a sealed enclosure comprising at least one substrate having an exterior surface and an interior surface; a solid fuel comprising a metal reducing agent and a metal-containing oxidizing agent disposed on a portion of the interior surface of the substrate an impulse absorbing material disposed within the enclosure; and a drug disposed on a portion of the exterior surface of the substiate; wherein the solid fuel is configured to heat a portion of the exterior surface of the at least one substrate to a temperature sufficient to thermally vaporize the drug within at least 3 seconds following ignition of the solid fuel.
55. The drag supply unit of claim 54, wherein the drag comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable compound.
56. The drag supply unit of claim 54, wherein the drug comprises a therapeutically effective amount.
57. The dmg supply unit of claim 54, wherein the drug comprises a film.
58. The drug supply unit of claim 54, wherein the film is less than 20 μm thick.
59. The drag supply unit of claim 54, wherein the drug is in the form of crystals.
60. The drag supply unit of claim 54, wherein the substiate comprise metal foil.
91
61. The drag supply unit of claim 60, wherein the metal foil comprises stainless steel.
62. The drag supply unit of claim 61, wherein the metal foil has a thickness of less than 0.010 inches.
63. The drag supply unit of claim 54, further comprising an igniter.
64. The drag supply unit of claim 63 wherein the igniter is disposed within the enclosure.
65. The drag supply unit of claim 64 further comprising a getter.
66. A drag supply unit comprising: a plurality of heating units, each heating unit comprising: an enclosure comprising at least one substrate having an exterior surface and an interior surface; and a solid fuel capable of undergoing an exothermic metal oxidation- reduction reaction disposed within the enclosure; and a drag disposed on a portion of the exterior surface of the at least one substrate forming each heating unit.
67. The drag supply unit of claim 66, wherein each heating unit further comprises an igniter disposed within the enclosure.
68. A drag delivery device comprising: a housing defining an airway; a heating unit comprising; an enclosure comprising at least one substrate having an exterior surface and an interior surface; and a solid fuel capable of undergoing an exothermic metal oxidation- reduction reaction disposed within the enclosure; a drug disposed on a portion of the exterior surface of the substiate, wherein the portion of the exterior surface comprising the drag is configured to be disposed within the airway; and an igniter configured to ignite the solid fuel.
69. A drug delivery device comprising: a housing defining an airway; a heating unit comprising: an enclosure comprising at least one substrate comprising an exterior surface and an interior surface; and
92 a solid fuel comprising a metal reducing agent and a metal-containing oxidizing agent disposed within the enclosure; a drag disposed on a portion of the exterior surface of the substrate, wherein the portion of the exterior surface comprising the drug is configured to be disposed within the airway; an initiator composition configured to ignite the solid fuel.
70. A drag delivery device comprising: a housing defining an airway; a heating unit comprising: an enclosure comprising at least one substrate having an exterior surface and an interior surface; and a solid fuel disposed within the enclosure, a drag disposed on a portion of the exterior surface of the substrate, wherein the portion of the exterior surface comprising the drug is configured to be disposed within the airway; and an initiator composition configured to ignite the solid fuel; wherein the solid fuel is configured to heat a portion of the exterior surface of the at least one substiate to a temperature sufficient to thermally vaporize the drug within at least 1000 milliseconds following ignition of the solid fuel.
71. The drag delivery device of claim 70, wherein the temperature is at least 200 °C .
72. The drag delivery device of claim 70, wherein the solid fuel is configured to heat a portion of the exterior surface of the at least one substrate to a temperature sufficient to thermally vaporize the drag within at least 800 milliseconds following ignition of the solid fuel.
73. The drug delivery device of claim 70, wherein the solid fuel is configured to heat a portion of the exterior surface of the at least one substrate to a temperature sufficient to thermally vaporize the drag within at least 500 milliseconds following ignition of the solid fuel.
74. The drug delivery device of claim 70, wherein the solid fuel is configured to heat a portion of the exterior surface of the at least one substrate to a temperature sufficient to thermally vaporize the drug within at least 250 milliseconds following ignition of the solid fuel.
75. A drug delivery device comprising:
93 a housing defining an airway; a heating unit comprising: a sealed enclosure comprising at least one substrate having an exterior surface and an interior surface; a solid fuel comprising a metal and a metal-containing oxidizer disposed on a portion of the interior surface of the substrate; and an impulse absorbing material disposed within the enclosure; a drag disposed on a portion of the exterior surface of the substrate, the portion of the exterior surface comprising the drag configured to be disposed within the airway; an igniter configured to ignite the solid fuel, wherein the igniter is disposed within the enclosure; and a mechanism configured to activate the igniter; wherein the solid fuel is configured to heat a portion of the exterior surface of the at least one substrate to a temperature sufficient to thermally vaporize the drag within at least 1000 milliseconds following ignition of the solid fuel.
76. The drag delivery device of claim 75, wherein the solid fuel is configured to burn in the direction of the airflow.
77. The drug delivery device of claim 75, wherein the solid fuel is configured to bum in the direction opposite the airflow.
78. The drag delivery device of claim 75, wherein the solid fuel is configured to bum in a direction normal to the airflow. '
79. The drag delivery device of claim 75, wherein the mechanism configured to activate the igniter is selected from a mechanism for producing an electric current, a mechanism for producing electromagnetic radiation, and a mechanism for producing a percussive force.
80. A drug delivery device comprising: a housing defining at least one airway; a plurality of heating units, each unit comprising; an enclosure comprising at least one substrate having an exterior surface and an interior surface; and a solid fuel capable of undergoing an exothermic metal oxidation- reduction reaction disposed within the enclosure; a drag disposed on a portion of the exterior surface of the at least one substrate of
94 each heating unit, wherein the portion of the exterior surface comprising the drag is configured to be disposed within the at least one airway; and an igniter configured to ignite the solid fuel.
81. The drag delivery device of claim 80, further comprising a mechanism to move the portion of the exterior surface of the substrate comprising the drug of each of the plurality heating units into the airway.
82. The drag delivery device of claim 80, further comprising a mechanism configured to activate the igniter.
83. A method of producing an aerosol of a drug comprising: providing an airflow over the drag disposed on a portion of an exterior surface of a substrate forming a drag supply unit, wherein the drug supply unit comprises: a heating unit comprising; an enclosure comprising the substrate; and a solid fuel capable of undergoing an exothermic metal oxidation- reduction reaction disposed within the enclosure; the drag disposed on a portion of the exterior surface of the substrate, wherein the portion of the exterior surface comprising the drug is disposed within the airway; and an igniter configured to ignite the solid chemical fuel; and activating the igniter to thermally vaporize the drug; wherein the aerosol comprising the drag is formed in the airflow.
84. A method of treating a disease in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to the patient an aerosol comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a drag, wherein the aerosol is produced by the method according to claim 83.
85. The method of claim 84, wherein administering is selected from inhalation, nasal ingestion, and topical application.
86. A method of treating a disease in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to the patient an aerosol comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a drug, wherein the aerosol is produced by a device according to any one of claims 66, 68, 69, 70, 75, or 80.
95
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