WO2005008279A1 - Sensor system for measuring distances and speeds - Google Patents

Sensor system for measuring distances and speeds Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005008279A1
WO2005008279A1 PCT/DE2004/001203 DE2004001203W WO2005008279A1 WO 2005008279 A1 WO2005008279 A1 WO 2005008279A1 DE 2004001203 W DE2004001203 W DE 2004001203W WO 2005008279 A1 WO2005008279 A1 WO 2005008279A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensor arrangement
lens
light
sensor
receiving unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2004/001203
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Beuschel
Günter Reisacher
Gerhard ZÖRKLER
Peter Murla
Holger Jordan
Werner Steiner
Alexander Nastasie
Original Assignee
Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh filed Critical Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh
Priority to DE112004000035.1T priority Critical patent/DE112004000035B4/en
Publication of WO2005008279A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005008279A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4811—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4811—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver
    • G01S7/4813—Housing arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/87—Combinations of systems using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S17/931—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sensor arrangement for distance and • or / and speed measurement according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such an arrangement is known for example from DE 41 15 747 C2, DE 197 17 399 C2 and DE 101 61 233 AI.
  • These known sensor arrangements each include a transmitter unit for emitting light into an observation room and a receiver unit for receiving the light reflected from objects in the observation room. The distances to the objects and the relative speed of the objects can then be determined from the signal propagation time of the light.
  • the sensor arrangement from DE 197 17 399 C2 describes an optical sensor arrangement behind an inclined transparent pane, the transmitter and receiver unit being arranged directly one above the other without optical separation and a multi-channel transmitter unit being used.
  • a disadvantage of the solution described is that interference cannot be prevented due to a portion of the emitted light that reaches the receiving unit as a result of reflection on the windshield.
  • the use of a multi-channel transmitter unit increases the manufacturing costs.
  • the present invention has the object to provide a sensor arrangement for distance or speed measurement, which is inexpensive to manufacture, takes up little space, requires no mechanically moving parts, has high wear resistance, high reliability and long life and is insensitive to mechanical disturbances.
  • the sensor arrangement according to the invention for distance or speed measurement with a transmitter unit for emitting light into an observation room and with a receiver unit for receiving light reflected from objects in the observation room is characterized in that the receiver unit has a lens arrangement for focusing the received light in has at least one focusing point and that in the receiving unit the or each focusing point is assigned a detector element for detecting the focused light.
  • the space required for the sensor arrangement can be considerably reduced by using the lens arrangement.
  • the transmitter unit advantageously contains at least one pulsed laser diode for generating light.
  • a PIN diode is advantageously used as the detector element in the receiving unit.
  • the PIN diode is a bipolar component and has a very lightly doped quasi-intrinsic zone between two highly doped p and n connections, the resistance of which can be adjusted over a wide range using the impressed current. Because the cutoff frequency of the
  • the PIN diode is typically far below 100 MHz, shows PIN diode at higher frequencies is the characteristic of a linear resistor and is particularly suitable as an RF switch.
  • the lens arrangement of the receiving unit has a plurality of focusing points, in which light is focused, which is received from one of several adjacent or partially overlapping spatial sections of the observation room. In this way, it is possible to monitor a larger observation area than would be possible with only one focusing point.
  • the lens arrangement of the receiving unit preferably has at least one number of lens elements corresponding to the number of focusing points, so that a lens element is assigned to each focusing point.
  • the lens arrangement of the receiving unit is designed in a preferred embodiment in such a way that the light reaches the detector elements in overlapping light lobes in front of the lens arrangement, for example by the lens elements on a curved line like points on a line of a hollow spike - Gels are arranged. This overlaps their reception cones, i.e. H. the cones of light that can be captured by them.
  • An arrangement of the receiving cones in such a way that the light beams leading to at least two focussing points cross in front of the lens arrangement enables a narrow design, in particular when the sensor is mounted behind an inclined pane, since the expansion of the total beam only takes place at a greater distance from the lens Receiving unit takes place.
  • the observation space of a detector element can be adapted to special requirements with much less effort, in particular limited, than by changing the lens arrangement.
  • the lens arrangement of the transmitting unit or the receiving unit has at least one aspherically shaped lens element.
  • Detector areas with a different width / height ratio can advantageously also be used with bifocal lens elements. This also applies to the transmission unit if the beam of the light source has a certain widening, the width / height ratio of which does not correspond to that of the observation room to be illuminated.
  • the radiation power reflected on the windshield can advantageously be reduced in that the transmitter unit is upstream of the receiver unit in the radiation direction. Otherwise, the radiation emitted by the transmitter unit would be reflected on the pane in the direction of the receiver unit, which would require an increased outlay for optical shielding thereof.
  • the use of a single-channel transmission unit also reduces manufacturing outlay and costs and also allows parallel processing of the signals associated with the individual segments of the observation room. Channel separation is ensured by a multi-channel design of the receiving unit.
  • the sensor arrangement described is suitable as a pre-crash sensor for occupant protection systems or as a sensor for an active pedestrian protection system in motor vehicles.
  • the triggering behavior of at least one restraint system is advantageously influenced on the basis of the signals provided by the sensor arrangement.
  • the triggering behavior of at least one protective mechanism or restraint system is influenced before the start of a collision on the basis of the signals provided by the sensor arrangement.
  • the sensor arrangement can expediently be fitted behind the windshield or in the area of the headlights in order to improve the behavior in the event of a frontal crash.
  • an attachment in the side doors, in particular also behind the side window, and in the region of the door joint or in the B-pillar is advantageous.
  • Another advantage of attaching the sensor arrangement behind the windshield or in the area of the headlights is the possibility of regularly cleaning the viewing window of the sensor arrangement using existing cleaning devices (windshield wipers or headlight cleaning system). This can also be triggered by a corresponding contamination detection of the sensor arrangement.
  • FIG. 2A a sensor arrangement with a transmitter unit (FIG. 2A) and a receiver unit (FIG. 2B) in plan view, and
  • Fig. 3 shows a sensor arrangement in a perspective view.
  • sensor arrangement 2 for measuring distance or speed
  • the sensor arrangement 2 is arranged behind a window pane 4 and thus protected in the vehicle interior from dirt and other mechanical loads. Depending on the task and function of the sensor arrangement 2, this distance and / or speed measurement to be carried out for a direction of travel is preferably arranged below an inclined window pane 4 designed as a windshield.
  • the sensor arrangement 2 is surrounded by a housing 6, which is provided with an opening 0 on the window pane 4.
  • the sensor arrangement 2 comprises a transmitting unit 8 and a receiving unit 10.
  • the transmitting unit 8 is arranged below the receiving unit 10 and in front of the receiving unit 10 as viewed in the radiation direction R.
  • the transmitting unit 8 comprises a light source 12, for example a pulsed laser diode, and a lens 14.
  • the receiving unit 10 comprises a lens arrangement 16, an aperture 18 and a detector element 20, for example a PIN diode. ⁇
  • the sensor arrangement 1 comprises a printed circuit board 22, on which the transmitter unit 8 and the receiver unit 10 are arranged as components or components so that they are supplied with energy, the signals of which are read out and / or controlled, if necessary.
  • the printed circuit board 22 also serves for optical shielding between the transmitting unit 8 and the receiving unit 10.
  • the printed circuit board 22 is connected to other devices, for example a microprocessor for evaluating the signals detected by the receiving unit 10, by means of a plug connector 24 through lines (not shown).
  • the receiving unit 10 is shown in FIG. 2A and the transmitting unit 8 is shown in plan view in FIG. 2B.
  • the reception unit 10 has a plurality of detector elements 20 arranged next to one another, for example, for a higher resolution and a larger detection or recording area.
  • the respective detector element 20 is a
  • the lens arrangement 16 of the receiving unit 10 thus comprises a plurality of lens elements 26.
  • the receiving unit 10 has a number of lens elements 26 corresponding to the number of detector elements 20.
  • the lens elements 26 are preferably arranged relative to one another in such a way that incident reflected light LR is detected and recorded by the detector elements 20 in overlapping light lobes, so that the light beams or lobes leading to two focusing points each cross in front of the lens arrangement 41.
  • the lens elements 26 arranged on a curved line in the manner of a concave mirror, as a result of which their reception cones, ie the light cones or lobes which they detect, overlap.
  • the lens arrangement 16 of the receiving unit 10 has three focusing points, in which the light LR reflected on an object is focused, which is received from one of several adjacent or partially overlapping spatial sections of the observation room ,
  • the lens elements 26 of the lens arrangement 16 serve to focus the reflected light LR onto a plurality of focusing points, a lens element 26 being assigned to each focusing point.
  • a detector element 20 is arranged in each focusing point of the lens arrangement 16, which detects the incident light LR, which is focused by a lens element 26 of the lens arrangement 16.
  • An additional aperture 18 is arranged between each lens element 26 of the lens arrangement 16 and the associated detector element 20 in order to form the segment of the observation space that is detected by the respective lens element 26 and the associated detector element 20.
  • the lens elements 26 of the lens arrangement 20 are preferably aspherical lenses, so that the imaging quality is improved.
  • the transmission unit 12 shows the transmission unit 12, for example a laser diode serving as a radiation source for emitting light L and in particular being operated in pulsed fashion, in a top view.
  • the transmission unit 12 emits light L via the lens 14 with a corresponding radiation lobe, an object lying in the radiation lobe causing the incident light L to be reflected and the resultant de reflected light LR is received by the receiving unit 10 in the manner described above.
  • the sensor arrangement 1 of the preferred embodiment is shown in a perspective view.
  • the receiving unit 10 is arranged with a lens arrangement 16 comprising three lens elements 26.
  • a viewing window 28 for the transmitter unit 8 is located in the opening 0 of the housing 6 and the window pane 4.
  • the transmitter unit 8 is arranged in front of the receiver unit 10 in the radiation direction R as viewed in front.
  • Transmitter unit 8 and receiver unit 10 are also optically separated from one another by a printed circuit board 22, which serves for the power supply and the measurement processing. The optical separation can also be implemented instead or additionally by a corresponding design of the housing 6.
  • the housing 6 has one for attaching the sensor arrangement 1 to the window pane 4, for. B. a windshield suitable outer shape, in the preferred embodiment of the invention a substantially wedge-shaped shape with an opening 0 in the direction of the window 4, on.
  • the sensor arrangement 2 can be arranged in the region of the front window or a side window, in the region of the A or B pillars of a vehicle.
  • the window pane 4 and the columns have corresponding viewing windows 28 for emitting and receiving the light L or the reflected light LR.
  • the triggering behavior of at least one restraint system is influenced on the basis of signals provided by the sensor arrangement 2.
  • the triggering is based on the signals provided by the sensor arrangement 2. contain at least one protective mechanism or restraint system, especially influenced before the start of a collision.
  • the sensor arrangement 2 for distance and / or speed. measurement is inexpensive to manufacture, takes up little space, does not require any mechanically moving parts, has high wear resistance, high reliability and a long service life and is insensitive to mechanical disturbances.

Abstract

The invention relates to a sensor system (2) for measuring distances and/or speeds, comprising a unit (8) for emitting light (L) into an observation space, and a unit (10) for receiving light (LR) reflected on objects located in the observation space. The receiving unit (10) is provided with a lens array (16) for focusing the received light (LR) at least at one focusing point. At least one element (20) for detecting the focused light is allocated to the or each focusing point in the receiving unit (10).

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Sensoranordnung zur Abstands- und/oder GeschwindigkeitsmessungSensor arrangement for distance and / or speed measurement
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Sensoranordnung zur Abstands- • und/oder Geschwindigkeitsmessung gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a sensor arrangement for distance and • or / and speed measurement according to the preamble of claim 1.
Eine derartige Anordnung ist beispielsweise aus der DE 41 15 747 C2 , DE 197 17 399 C2 , sowie aus der DE 101 61 233 AI bekannt. Diese vorbekannten' Sensoranordnungen umfassen jeweils eine Sendeeinheit zum Aussenden von Licht in einen Beobachtungsraum und eine Empfangseinheit zum Empfang des im Beobachtungsraum an Objekten reflektierten Lichts. Aus der Signallaufzeit des Lichts lassen sich dann die Abstände zu den Objekten und die Relativgeschwindigkeit der Objekte ermitteln.Such an arrangement is known for example from DE 41 15 747 C2, DE 197 17 399 C2 and DE 101 61 233 AI. These known sensor arrangements each include a transmitter unit for emitting light into an observation room and a receiver unit for receiving the light reflected from objects in the observation room. The distances to the objects and the relative speed of the objects can then be determined from the signal propagation time of the light.
Der wesentliche Nachteil der Sensoranordnung aus derThe main disadvantage of the sensor arrangement from the
DE 41 15 747 C2 besteht in der erforderlichen bewegten Mechanik zum Scannen des Beobachtungsraumes mit einem stark gebündelten Lichtstrahl. Diese birgt Risiken hinsichtlich reduzierter Lebensdauer und Geräuschentwicklung und verursacht erheblichen Herstellungsaufwand und ist somit kostenintensiv.DE 41 15 747 C2 consists of the necessary moving mechanics for scanning the observation room with a strongly focused light beam. This harbors risks with regard to reduced service life and noise and causes considerable manufacturing effort and is therefore cost-intensive.
Die Sensoranordnung aus der DE 197 17 399 C2 beschreibt eine optische Sensoranordnung hinter einer geneigten transparenten Scheibe, wobei Sende- und Empfangseinheit ohne optische Tren- nung direkt übereinander angeordnet sind und eine Mehrkanal- Sendeeinheit verwendet wird. Nachteilig an der beschriebenen Lösung ist, dass Störeinflüsse aufgrund eines durch Reflexion an der Windschutzscheibe in die Empfangseinheit gelangenden Anteils des ausgesendeten Lichts nicht verhindert werden kön- nen. Darüber hinaus erhöht die Verwendung einer mehrkanaligen Sendeeinheit die Herstellungskosten. Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik stellt sich die vorliegende Erfindung die Aufgabe, eine Sensoranordnung zur Abstands- oder Geschwindigkeitsmessung anzugeben, die kostengünstig herzustellen ist, einen geringen Bauraum beansprucht, keine mechanisch bewegten Teile benötigt, eine hohe Verschleißfestigkeit, hohe Zuverlässigkeit und lange Lebensdauer aufweist sowie unempfindlich gegenüber mechanischen Störgrößen ist.The sensor arrangement from DE 197 17 399 C2 describes an optical sensor arrangement behind an inclined transparent pane, the transmitter and receiver unit being arranged directly one above the other without optical separation and a multi-channel transmitter unit being used. A disadvantage of the solution described is that interference cannot be prevented due to a portion of the emitted light that reaches the receiving unit as a result of reflection on the windshield. In addition, the use of a multi-channel transmitter unit increases the manufacturing costs. Based on this prior art, the present invention has the object to provide a sensor arrangement for distance or speed measurement, which is inexpensive to manufacture, takes up little space, requires no mechanically moving parts, has high wear resistance, high reliability and long life and is insensitive to mechanical disturbances.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe gelöst durch eine Vorrichtung.mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1; vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand von Unteransprüchen.According to the invention the object is achieved by a device with the features of claim 1; advantageous developments are the subject of dependent claims.
Die erfindungsgemäße Sensoranordnung zur Abstands- oder Ge- • schwindigkeitsmessung mit einer Sendeeinheit zum Aussenden von Licht in einen Beobachtungsraum und mit einer Empfangseinheit zum Empfangen von im Beobachtungsraum an Objekten reflektiertem Licht ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Empfangseinheit eine Linsenanordnung zur Fokussierung des , empfangenen Lichts in mindestens einem Fokussierpunkt aufweist und dass in der Empfangseinheit dem oder jedem Fokussierpunkt ein Detektorelement zur Detektion des fokussierten Lichts zugeordnet ist. Bei Verwendung von Detektorelementen mit geeigneter Empfangsfläche lässt sich durch die Verwen- düng der Linsenanordnung der benötigte Bauraum der Sensoranordnung erheblich verringern.The sensor arrangement according to the invention for distance or speed measurement with a transmitter unit for emitting light into an observation room and with a receiver unit for receiving light reflected from objects in the observation room is characterized in that the receiver unit has a lens arrangement for focusing the received light in has at least one focusing point and that in the receiving unit the or each focusing point is assigned a detector element for detecting the focused light. When using detector elements with a suitable receiving surface, the space required for the sensor arrangement can be considerably reduced by using the lens arrangement.
Die Sendeeinheit enthält zur Lichterzeugung zweckmäßigerweise wenigstens eine gepulst betreibbare Laserdiode. Als Detektor- element in der Empfangseinheit wird vorteilhafterweise eine PIN-Diode verwendet. Die PIN-Diode ist ein bipolares Bauelement und besitzt eine sehr schwach dotierte quasi-intrinsi- sche Zone zwischen zwei hoch dotierten p- und n-Anschlüssen, deren Widerstand sich über den eingeprägten Strom in einem weiten Bereich einstellen lässt. Da die Grenzfrequenz derThe transmitter unit advantageously contains at least one pulsed laser diode for generating light. A PIN diode is advantageously used as the detector element in the receiving unit. The PIN diode is a bipolar component and has a very lightly doped quasi-intrinsic zone between two highly doped p and n connections, the resistance of which can be adjusted over a wide range using the impressed current. Because the cutoff frequency of the
PIN-Diode typisch weit unterhalb von 100 MHz liegt, zeigt die PIN-Diode bei höheren Frequenzen die Charakteristik eines linearen Widerstands und eignet sich besonders als HF-Schalter.The PIN diode is typically far below 100 MHz, shows PIN diode at higher frequencies is the characteristic of a linear resistor and is particularly suitable as an RF switch.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung weist die Linsenanordnung der Empfangseinheit mehrere Fokussierungs- punkte auf, in denen Licht fokussiert wird, das jeweils aus einem von mehreren paarweise benachbarten oder sich teilweise überlappenden Raumabschnitten des Beobachtungsraums empfangen wird. Auf diese Weise wird eine Überwachung eines grö- ßeren Beobachtungsraums möglich, als dies mit nur einem Fo- kussierungspunkt möglich wäre.In an advantageous development of the invention, the lens arrangement of the receiving unit has a plurality of focusing points, in which light is focused, which is received from one of several adjacent or partially overlapping spatial sections of the observation room. In this way, it is possible to monitor a larger observation area than would be possible with only one focusing point.
Zur Fokussierung des Lichts auf mehrere Fokussierungspunkte weist die Linsenanordnung der Empfangseinheit vorzugsweise wenigstens eine der Anzahl der Fokussierungspunkte entsprechende Anzahl an Linsenelementen auf, so dass jedem Fokussie- rungspunkt ein Linsenelement zugeordnet ist.To focus the light on a plurality of focusing points, the lens arrangement of the receiving unit preferably has at least one number of lens elements corresponding to the number of focusing points, so that a lens element is assigned to each focusing point.
Zur Verringerung des benötigten Bauraums ist die Linsenanord- nung der Empfangseinheit in einer bevorzugten Ausführungs orm derart ausgebildet, dass das Licht in sich vor der Linsenanordnung überschneidenden Lichtkeulen zu den Detektorelementen gelangt, beispielsweise indem die Linsenelemente auf einer gekrümmten Linie wie Punkte auf einer Linie eines Hohlspie- gels angeordnet sind. Hierdurch überschneiden sich ihre Empfangskegel, d. h. die Lichtkegel, die von ihnen erfasst werden können. Eine Anordnung der Empfangskegel derart, dass sich die zu wenigstens zwei Fokussierpunkten führenden Lichtstrahlen vor der Linsenanordnung überkreuzen, ermöglicht ins- besondere bei der Anbringung des Sensors hinter einer geneigten Scheibe eine schmale Bauform, da die Aufweitung des Gesamtstrahls erst .in einem größeren Abstand von der Empfangseinheit stattfindet.In order to reduce the required installation space, the lens arrangement of the receiving unit is designed in a preferred embodiment in such a way that the light reaches the detector elements in overlapping light lobes in front of the lens arrangement, for example by the lens elements on a curved line like points on a line of a hollow spike - Gels are arranged. This overlaps their reception cones, i.e. H. the cones of light that can be captured by them. An arrangement of the receiving cones in such a way that the light beams leading to at least two focussing points cross in front of the lens arrangement enables a narrow design, in particular when the sensor is mounted behind an inclined pane, since the expansion of the total beam only takes place at a greater distance from the lens Receiving unit takes place.
Weiterhin ist es, um das Segment des • Beobachtungsraums eines Detektorelements zu formen, vorteilhaft, eine zusätzliche Blende in der Nähe dieses Detektorelements vor oder hinter dem zugehörigen Linsenelement anzubringen. Durch eine -Änderung der Apertur dieser Blende lässt sich der Beobachtungsraum eines Detektorelements mit weitaus geringerem Aufwand an spezielle Anforderungen anpassen, insbesondere begrenzen, als durch eine Änderung der Linsenanordnung.Furthermore, in order to form the segment of the observation space of a detector element, it is advantageous to have an additional aperture in front of or behind this detector element attach the associated lens element. By changing the aperture of this diaphragm, the observation space of a detector element can be adapted to special requirements with much less effort, in particular limited, than by changing the lens arrangement.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist die Linsenanordnung der Sendeeinheit oder der Empfangseinheit wenigstens ein asphärisch geformtes Linsenelement auf. Durch die Verwendung von asphärischen Linsen kann die Abbildungsqualität bei kurzen Brennweiten, wie sie im vorliegenden Anwendungsfall erforderlich sein können, deutlich gegenüber sphärischen Linsen verbessert werden.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the lens arrangement of the transmitting unit or the receiving unit has at least one aspherically shaped lens element. By using aspherical lenses, the imaging quality at short focal lengths, as may be required in the present application, can be significantly improved compared to spherical lenses.
Zur Abbildung eines Segments des Beobachtungsraums auf eineTo map a segment of the observation room onto a
Detektorfläche mit davon abweichendem Breiten-/Höhen-Verhältnis können vorteilhaft auch bifokale Linsenelemente eingesetzt werden. Dies gilt auch für die Sendeeinheit, falls der Strahl der Lichtquelle eine bestimmte Aufweitung aufweist, deren Breiten- /Höhen-Verhältnis nicht dem des zu beleuchtenden Beobachtungsraums entspricht.Detector areas with a different width / height ratio can advantageously also be used with bifocal lens elements. This also applies to the transmission unit if the beam of the light source has a certain widening, the width / height ratio of which does not correspond to that of the observation room to be illuminated.
Wird eine derartige Sensoranordnung hinter einer geneigten transparenten Scheibe, wie z. B. der Windschutzscheibe eines Kraftfahrzeugs, angebracht, kann die an der Scheibe reflektierte Strahlungsleistung vorteilhaft dadurch reduziert werden, dass die Sendeeinheit gegenüber der Empfangseinheit in Strahlungsrichtung vorgelagert ist. Andernfalls würde die von der Sendeeinheit ausgesandte Strahlung an der Scheibe in Richtung der Empfangseinheit reflektiert, wodurch ein erhöhter Aufwand zur optischen Abschirmung derselben erforderlich würde. Die Verwendung einer einkanaligen Sendeeinheit verringert darüber hinaus Herstellungsaufwand und -kosten und erlaubt zudem eine parallele Verarbeitung der zu den einzelnen Segmenten des Beobachtungsraums gehörigen Signale. Eine Kanaltrennung wird durch eine mehrkanalige Ausführung der Empfangseinheit sichergestellt. Die beschriebene Sensoranordnung eignet sich als Pre-Crash- Sensor für Insassenschutzsysteme oder als Sensor für ein aktives Fußgängerschutzsystem in Kraftfahrzeugen. Vorteilhaf- terweise wird dabei anhand von der Sensoranordnung zur Verfügung gestellten Signale das Auslöseverhalten wenigstens eines Rückhaltesystems beeinflusst. Alternativ oder zusätzlich wird anhand der von der Sensoranordnung zur Verfügung gestellten Signale das Auslöseverhalten wenigstens eines Schutzmechanis- mus oder Rückhaltesystems bereits vor Beginn einer Kollision beeinflusst. Zur Messung der Position und der Geschwindigkeit potentieller Kollisionsobjekte kann die Sensoranordnung zweckmäßigerweise hinter der Windschutzscheibe oder im Bereich der Frontscheinwerfer zur Verbesserung des Verhaltens bei Frontalcrashs angebracht werden. Zur Verwendung im Fahrzeug, insbesondere zur verbesserten Identifikation eines möglichen Seitencrashs ist dagegen eine Anbringung in den Seitentüren, insbesondere auch hinter der Seitenscheibe, sowie im Bereich des Türgelenks oder in der B-Säule vorteilhaft .If such a sensor arrangement behind an inclined transparent pane, such as. B. the windshield of a motor vehicle, the radiation power reflected on the windshield can advantageously be reduced in that the transmitter unit is upstream of the receiver unit in the radiation direction. Otherwise, the radiation emitted by the transmitter unit would be reflected on the pane in the direction of the receiver unit, which would require an increased outlay for optical shielding thereof. The use of a single-channel transmission unit also reduces manufacturing outlay and costs and also allows parallel processing of the signals associated with the individual segments of the observation room. Channel separation is ensured by a multi-channel design of the receiving unit. The sensor arrangement described is suitable as a pre-crash sensor for occupant protection systems or as a sensor for an active pedestrian protection system in motor vehicles. The triggering behavior of at least one restraint system is advantageously influenced on the basis of the signals provided by the sensor arrangement. Alternatively or additionally, the triggering behavior of at least one protective mechanism or restraint system is influenced before the start of a collision on the basis of the signals provided by the sensor arrangement. To measure the position and speed of potential collision objects, the sensor arrangement can expediently be fitted behind the windshield or in the area of the headlights in order to improve the behavior in the event of a frontal crash. For use in the vehicle, in particular for improved identification of a possible side crash, an attachment in the side doors, in particular also behind the side window, and in the region of the door joint or in the B-pillar is advantageous.
Ein weiterer Vorteil bei einer Anbringung der Sensoranordnung hinter der Windschutzscheibe oder im Bereich der Frontscheinwerfer besteht in der Möglichkeit, das Sichtfenster der Sensoranordnung durch bereits vorhandene Reinigungseinrichtungen (Scheibenwischer bzw. Scheinwerfer-Reinigungsanlage) regelmäßig zu reinigen. Dies kann auch durch eine entsprechende Ver- schmutzungserkennung der Sensoranordnung ausgelöst werden.Another advantage of attaching the sensor arrangement behind the windshield or in the area of the headlights is the possibility of regularly cleaning the viewing window of the sensor arrangement using existing cleaning devices (windshield wipers or headlight cleaning system). This can also be triggered by a corresponding contamination detection of the sensor arrangement.
Aufgrund der günstigen Sensorposition bei Montage hinter der Windschutzscheibe ist auch eine Kombination mit Licht-, Temperatur- oder Feuchtemessung vorteilhaft. Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Darin zeigen:Due to the favorable sensor position when installed behind the windshield, a combination with light, temperature or moisture measurement is also advantageous. Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. In it show:
Fig. 1 den prinzipiellen Aufbau einer Sensoranordnung im -Längsschnitt,1 shows the basic structure of a sensor arrangement in longitudinal section,
Fig. 2A, 2B eine Sensoranordnung mit Sendeeinheit (Fig. 2A) und Empfangseinheit (Fig. 2B) in der Draufsicht, und2A, 2B a sensor arrangement with a transmitter unit (FIG. 2A) and a receiver unit (FIG. 2B) in plan view, and
Fig. 3 eine Sensoranordnung in perspektivischer Ansicht.Fig. 3 shows a sensor arrangement in a perspective view.
Einander entsprechende Teile sind in allen Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Corresponding parts are provided with the same reference symbols in all figures.
In Fig. 1 ist ein Fahrzeug 1 zumindest teilweise im Längsschnitt dargestellt, umfassend eine Sensoranordnung 2 zur Abstands- oder Geschwindigkeitsmessung (im Weiteren kurz Sen- soranordnung 2 genannt) .1 shows a vehicle 1, at least partially in longitudinal section, comprising a sensor arrangement 2 for measuring distance or speed (hereinafter referred to as sensor arrangement 2).
Die Sensoranordnung 2 ist hinter einer Fensterscheibe 4 und somit im Fahrzeuginnenraum sicher vor Schmutz und anderen mechanischen Belastungen geschützt angeordnet. .Je nach Aufgabe und Funktion der Sensoranordnung 2 ist diese für eine Fahrtrichtung auszuführende Abstands- und/oder Geschwindigkeitsmessung bevorzugt unterhalb einer geneigten als Windschutzscheibe ausgebildeten Fensterscheibe 4 angeordnet.The sensor arrangement 2 is arranged behind a window pane 4 and thus protected in the vehicle interior from dirt and other mechanical loads. Depending on the task and function of the sensor arrangement 2, this distance and / or speed measurement to be carried out for a direction of travel is preferably arranged below an inclined window pane 4 designed as a windshield.
Die Sensoranordnung 2 ist von einem Gehäuse 6 umgeben, welches mit einer Öffnung 0 versehen an der Fensterscheibe 4 angeordnet ist. Die Sensoranordnung 2 umfasst eine Sendeeinheit 8 und eine E pfangseinheit 10. Dabei ist die Sendeeinheit 8 unterhalb der Empfangseinheit 10 und in Strahlungsrichtung R gesehen gegenüber der Empfangseinheit 10 vorgelagert angeordnet . Die Sendeeinheit 8 umfasst eine Lichtquelle 12, beispielsweise eine gepulst betreibbare Laserdiode, und eine Linse 14. Die Empfangseinheit 10 umfasst eine Linsenanordnung 16, eine Blende 18 und ein Detektorelement 20, beispielsweise eine PIN-Diode. ■The sensor arrangement 2 is surrounded by a housing 6, which is provided with an opening 0 on the window pane 4. The sensor arrangement 2 comprises a transmitting unit 8 and a receiving unit 10. The transmitting unit 8 is arranged below the receiving unit 10 and in front of the receiving unit 10 as viewed in the radiation direction R. The transmitting unit 8 comprises a light source 12, for example a pulsed laser diode, and a lens 14. The receiving unit 10 comprises a lens arrangement 16, an aperture 18 and a detector element 20, for example a PIN diode. ■
Weiterhin umfasst die Sensoranordnung 1 eine Leiterplatte 22, auf der als Komponenten oder Bauelemente die Sendeeinheit 8 und die Empfangseinheit 10 kontaktierend angeordnet sind, so dass diese, soweit nötig, mit Energie versorgt, deren Signale ausgelesen und/oder diese angesteuert werden. Darüber hinaus dient die Leiterplatte 22 gleichzeitig zur optischen Abschirmung zwischen Sendeeinheit 8 und Empfangseinheit 10. Die Leiterplatte 22 ist mittels eines Steckverbinders 24 durch nicht näher dargestellte Leitungen mit anderen Geräten, beispielsweise einem Mikroprozessor zur Auswertung der von der Empfangseinheit 10 erfassten Signale, verbunden.Furthermore, the sensor arrangement 1 comprises a printed circuit board 22, on which the transmitter unit 8 and the receiver unit 10 are arranged as components or components so that they are supplied with energy, the signals of which are read out and / or controlled, if necessary. In addition, the printed circuit board 22 also serves for optical shielding between the transmitting unit 8 and the receiving unit 10. The printed circuit board 22 is connected to other devices, for example a microprocessor for evaluating the signals detected by the receiving unit 10, by means of a plug connector 24 through lines (not shown).
In der Fig. 2A ist die Empfangseinheit 10 und in der Fig. 2B ist die Sendeeinheit 8 jeweils in Draufsicht dargestellt.The receiving unit 10 is shown in FIG. 2A and the transmitting unit 8 is shown in plan view in FIG. 2B.
Die Empfangseinheit 10 weist für eine höhere Auflösung sowie einen größeren Erfassungs- oder Aufnahmebereich mehrere nebeneinander angeordnete Detektorelemente 20, z. B. PIN-Dio- den, auf. Dabei ist dem jeweiligen Detektorelement 20 einThe reception unit 10 has a plurality of detector elements 20 arranged next to one another, for example, for a higher resolution and a larger detection or recording area. B. PIN diodes. The respective detector element 20 is a
Linsenelement 26 zugeordnet. Die Linsenanordnung 16 der Empfangseinheit 10 umfasst somit mehrere Linsenelemente 26. Insbesondere weist die Empfangseinheit 10 eine der Anzahl der Detektorelemente 20 entsprechende Anzahl von Linsenelementen 26 auf.Associated lens element 26. The lens arrangement 16 of the receiving unit 10 thus comprises a plurality of lens elements 26. In particular, the receiving unit 10 has a number of lens elements 26 corresponding to the number of detector elements 20.
Die Linsenelemente 26 sind bevorzugt so zueinander angeordnet, dass einfallendes reflektierte Licht LR in sich überschneidenden Lichtkeulen von den Detektorelementen 20 erfasst und aufgenommen wird,, so dass sich die zu je zwei Fokussier- punkten führenden Lichtstrahlen oder -keulen vor der Linsenanordnung 41 überkreuzen. Hierzu sind die Linsenelemente 26 auf einer gekrümmten Linie in der Art eines Hohlspiegels angeordnet, wodurch sich ihre Empfangskegel, d. h. die Lichtkegel oder -keulen, die von ihnen erfasst werden, überschneiden.The lens elements 26 are preferably arranged relative to one another in such a way that incident reflected light LR is detected and recorded by the detector elements 20 in overlapping light lobes, so that the light beams or lobes leading to two focusing points each cross in front of the lens arrangement 41. For this purpose, the lens elements 26 arranged on a curved line in the manner of a concave mirror, as a result of which their reception cones, ie the light cones or lobes which they detect, overlap.
Mit anderen Worten: Die Linsenanordnung 16 der Empfangseinheit 10 weist in der bevorzugten Ausführungsform drei Fokus- sierpunkte auf, in denen das an einem Objekt reflektierte Licht LR fokussiert wird, das jeweils aus einem von mehreren paarweise benachbarten oder sich teilweise überlappenden Raumabschnitten des Beobachtungsraums empfangen wird.In other words: In the preferred embodiment, the lens arrangement 16 of the receiving unit 10 has three focusing points, in which the light LR reflected on an object is focused, which is received from one of several adjacent or partially overlapping spatial sections of the observation room ,
Dabei dienen die Linsenelemente 26 der Linsenanordnung 16 zur Fokussierung des reflektierten Lichts LR auf mehrere Fokus- sierungspunkte, wobei jedem Fokussierungspunkt ein Linsenelement 26 zugeordnet ist.In this case, the lens elements 26 of the lens arrangement 16 serve to focus the reflected light LR onto a plurality of focusing points, a lens element 26 being assigned to each focusing point.
Weiterhin ist in jedem Fokussierungspunkt der Linsenanordnung 16 ein Detektorelement 20 angeordnet, das das einfallende Licht LR, das von einem Linsenelement 26 der Linsenanordnung 16 fokussiert wird, erfasst.Furthermore, a detector element 20 is arranged in each focusing point of the lens arrangement 16, which detects the incident light LR, which is focused by a lens element 26 of the lens arrangement 16.
Zwischen jedem Linsenelement 26 der Linsenanordnung 16 und dem zugehörigen Detektorelement 20 ist zur Formung des von dem jeweiligen Linsenelement 26 und dem zugehörigen Detektorelement 20 erfassten Segment des Beobachtungsraums eine zusätzliche Blende 18 angeordnet. Die Linsenelemente 26 der Linsenanordnung 20 sind bevorzugt asphärische Linsen, so dass die Abbildungsqualität verbessert wird.An additional aperture 18 is arranged between each lens element 26 of the lens arrangement 16 and the associated detector element 20 in order to form the segment of the observation space that is detected by the respective lens element 26 and the associated detector element 20. The lens elements 26 of the lens arrangement 20 are preferably aspherical lenses, so that the imaging quality is improved.
In Fig. 2B ist die Sendeeinheit 12, beispielsweise eine als Strahlungsquelle zum Aussenden von Licht L dienende und insbesondere gepulst betreibbare Laserdiode in Draufsicht dargestellt. Die Sendeeinheit 12 strahlt dabei Licht L über die Linse 14 mit einer entsprechenden Strahlungskeule aus, wobei ein in der Strahlungskeule liegendes Objekt eine Reflexion des einfallenden Lichts L bewirkt und das daraus resultieren- de reflektierte Licht LR von der Empfangseinheit 10 in der oben beschriebenen Art empfangen wird.2B shows the transmission unit 12, for example a laser diode serving as a radiation source for emitting light L and in particular being operated in pulsed fashion, in a top view. The transmission unit 12 emits light L via the lens 14 with a corresponding radiation lobe, an object lying in the radiation lobe causing the incident light L to be reflected and the resultant de reflected light LR is received by the receiving unit 10 in the manner described above.
In Fig. 3 ist die Sensoranordnung 1 der bevorzugten Ausfüh- rungsform in perspektivischer Ansicht dargestellt. Im oberen Teil der Sensoranordnung 1 ist die Empfangseinheit 10 mit einer Linsenanordnung 16 umfassend drei Linsenelemente 26 angeordnet. Im unteren Teil befindet sich ein in der Öffnung 0 des Gehäuses 6 und der Fensterscheibe 4 liegendes Sichtfen- ster 28 für die Sendeeinheit 8. Die Sendeeinheit 8 ist dabei gegenüber der Empfangseinheit 10 in Strahlungsrichtung R gesehen vorgelagert angeordnet . Sendeeinheit 8 und Empfangsein- heit 10 sind durch eine Leiterplatte 22, welche der Stromversorgung und der messtechnischen Verarbeitung dient, zudem op- tisch voneinander getrennt. Die optische Trennung kann auch stattdessen oder zusätzlich durch eine entsprechende Gestaltung des Gehäuses 6 verwirklicht werden.3, the sensor arrangement 1 of the preferred embodiment is shown in a perspective view. In the upper part of the sensor arrangement 1, the receiving unit 10 is arranged with a lens arrangement 16 comprising three lens elements 26. In the lower part there is a viewing window 28 for the transmitter unit 8, which is located in the opening 0 of the housing 6 and the window pane 4. The transmitter unit 8 is arranged in front of the receiver unit 10 in the radiation direction R as viewed in front. Transmitter unit 8 and receiver unit 10 are also optically separated from one another by a printed circuit board 22, which serves for the power supply and the measurement processing. The optical separation can also be implemented instead or additionally by a corresponding design of the housing 6.
Das Gehäuse 6 weist eine für die Anbringung • der Sensoranord- nung 1 an der Fensterscheibe 4, z. B. einer Windschutzscheibe geeignete äußere Gestalt, in der bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung eine im wesentlichen keilförmige Gestalt mit einer Öffnung 0 in Richtung der Fensterscheibe 4, auf.The housing 6 has one for attaching the sensor arrangement 1 to the window pane 4, for. B. a windshield suitable outer shape, in the preferred embodiment of the invention a substantially wedge-shaped shape with an opening 0 in the direction of the window 4, on.
Je nach Art und Funktion der Sensoranordnung 2 beispielsweise als Pre-Crash-Sensor im Front- und/oder Seitenbereich kann die Sensoranordnung 2 im Bereich der Frontscheibe bzw. einer Seitenscheibe, im Bereich der A- bzw. B-Säulen eines Fahrzeugs angeordnet sein. Je nach Art und Anordnung der Sensor- anordnung 2 weisen zum einen die Fensterscheibe 4 als auch die Säulen entsprechende Sichtfenster 28 zum Ausstrahlen und Empfangen des Lichts L bzw. des reflektierten Lichts LR auf. Darüber hinaus wird anhand von der Sensoranordnung 2 zur Verfügung gestellten Signale das Auslöseverhalten wenigstens ei- nes Rückhaitesystems, insbesondere eines Airbagsystems beeinflusst. Alternativ oder zusätzlich wird anhand der von der Sensoranordnung 2 zur Verfügung gestellten Signale das Auslö- severhalten wenigstens eines Schutzmechanismus oder Rückhaltesystems, insbesondere vor Beginn einer Kollision beeinflusst.Depending on the type and function of the sensor arrangement 2, for example as a pre-crash sensor in the front and / or side region, the sensor arrangement 2 can be arranged in the region of the front window or a side window, in the region of the A or B pillars of a vehicle. Depending on the type and arrangement of the sensor arrangement 2, the window pane 4 and the columns have corresponding viewing windows 28 for emitting and receiving the light L or the reflected light LR. In addition, the triggering behavior of at least one restraint system, in particular an airbag system, is influenced on the basis of signals provided by the sensor arrangement 2. Alternatively or additionally, the triggering is based on the signals provided by the sensor arrangement 2. contain at least one protective mechanism or restraint system, especially influenced before the start of a collision.
Die Sensoranordnung 2 zur Abstands- und/oder Geschwindig- . keitsmessung ist kostengünstig herzustellen, beansprucht einen geringen Bauraum, benötigt keine mechanisch bewegten Teile, weist eine hohe Verschleißfestigkeit, hohe Zuverlässigkeit und lange Lebensdauer auf und ist unempfindlich gegen- über mechanischen Störgrößen. The sensor arrangement 2 for distance and / or speed. measurement is inexpensive to manufacture, takes up little space, does not require any mechanically moving parts, has high wear resistance, high reliability and a long service life and is insensitive to mechanical disturbances.
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Fahrzeug 2 Sensoranordnung zur Abstands- und/oder Geschwindig- keitsmessung 4 Fensterscheibe 6 Gehäuse 8 Sendeeinheit1 vehicle 2 sensor arrangement for distance and / or speed measurement 4 window 6 housing 8 transmitter unit
10 Empfangseinheit 12 Lichtquelle10 receiver unit 12 light source
14 Linse14 lens
16 Linsenanordnung16 lens arrangement
18 Blende18 aperture
20 Detektorelement 22 Leiterplatte20 detector element 22 circuit board
24 Steckverbinder24 connectors
26 Linsenelement26 lens element
28 Sichtfenster28 viewing window
L LichtL light
LR reflektiertes LichtLR reflected light
0 Öffnung im Gehäuse0 opening in the housing
R Strahlungsrichtung R radiation direction

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Sensoranordnung (2) zur Abstands- und/oder Geschwindig-, keitsmessung mit einer Sendeeinheit (8) zum Aussenden von Licht (L) in einen Beobachtungsraum und mit einer Empfangseinheit (10) zum Empfangen von im Beobachtungsraum an Objekten reflektiertem Licht (LR) , d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , d a s s die Empfangseinheit (10) eine Linsenanordnung (16) zur Fo- kussierung des empfangenen Lichts (LR) in mindestens einem Fokussierpunkt aufweist, und dass in der Empfangseinheit (10) dem oder jedem Fokussierpunkt mindestens ein Detektorelement (20) zur Detektion des fokussierten Lichts zugeordnet ist.1. Sensor arrangement (2) for distance and / or speed measurement with a transmitter unit (8) for emitting light (L) into an observation room and with a receiver unit (10) for receiving light reflected from objects in the observation room (LR ), characterized in that the receiving unit (10) has a lens arrangement (16) for focusing the received light (LR) in at least one focusing point, and in the receiving unit (10) for the or each focusing point at least one detector element (20) Detection of the focused light is assigned.
2. Sensoranordnung nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , d a s s das oder jedes Detektorelement (20) eine PIN-Diode ist.2. Sensor arrangement according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that the or each detector element (20) is a PIN diode.
3. Sensoranordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , d a s s die Sendeeinheit. (8) als Lichtquelle eine gepulst betreibbare3. Sensor arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, d a s s the transmitter unit. (8) a pulsed operable as light source
Laserdiode umfasst.Includes laser diode.
4. Sensoranordnung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , d a s s die Linsenanordnung (16) der Empfangseinheit (10) mehrere Fokussierpunkte aufweist, in denen reflektiertes Licht (LR) fokussiert wird, das jeweils aus einem von mehreren paarwei- se benachbarten oder sich teilweise überlappenden Raumabschnitten des Beobachtungsraums empfangen wird.4. Sensor arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lens arrangement (16) of the receiving unit (10) has a plurality of focusing points, in which reflected light (LR) is focused, each of one of several pairs of adjacent or partially overlapping Sections of the observation room is received.
5. Sensoranordnung nach Anspruch 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , d a s s die Linsenanordnung (16) der Empfangseinheit (10) wenigstens eine der Anzahl der Fokussierungspunkte entsprechende Anzahl an Linsenelementen (26) aufweist. 5. Sensor arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that the lens arrangement (16) of the receiving unit (10) has at least one of the number of focusing points corresponding number of lens elements (26).
6. Sensoranordnung nach Anspruch 5 , d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , d a s s die Linsenanordnung (16) der Empfangseinheit (10) derart aus- gebildet ist, dass das einfallende reflektierte Licht (LR) in sich überschneidenden Lichtkeulen zu Detektorelementen (20) gelangt, so dass sich die zu je zwei Fokussierpunkten führenden Lichtstrahlen vor der Linsenanordnung (16) überkreuzen.6. Sensor arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that the lens arrangement (16) of the receiving unit (10) is designed such that the incident reflected light (LR) arrives in overlapping light lobes to detector elements (20), so that the Cross each two focus points leading light rays in front of the lens arrangement (16).
7. Sensoranordnung einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h e t , d a s s zur Begrenzung mindestens eines Segments des Beobachtungsraums, das von einem Detektorelement (20) erfasst wird, in der Nähe dieses Detektorelements (20) vor oder hinter dem zu- gehörigen Linsenelement (26) eine Blende (18) angeordnet ist.7. Sensor arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an aperture in order to limit at least one segment of the observation space, which is detected by a detector element (20), in the vicinity of this detector element (20) in front of or behind the associated lens element (26) (18) is arranged.
8. Sensoranordnung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , d a s s eine Linse (14) der Sendeeinheit (8) asphärisch geformt aus- gebildet ist und/oder die Linsenanordnung (16) der Empfangs- einheit (10) wenigstens ein asphärisch geformtes Linsenelement (26) aufweist.8. Sensor arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a lens (14) of the transmitting unit (8) is formed aspherically shaped and / or the lens arrangement (16) of the receiving unit (10) has at least one aspherically shaped lens element (26 ) having.
9. Sensoranordnung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , d a s s eine Linse (14) der Sendeeinheit (8) und/oder die Linsenanordnung (16) der Empfangseinheit (10) wenigstens eine bifokale Linse aufweist.9. Sensor arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, that has a lens (14) of the transmitting unit (8) and / or the lens arrangement (16) of the receiving unit (10) has at least one bifocal lens.
10. Sensoranordnung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g'e k e n n z e i c h n e t , d a s s die Sendeeinheit (8) gegenüber der Empfangseinheit (10) in Strahlungsrichtung R gesehen vorgelagert angeordnet ist.10. A sensor arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, dadurchg 'ekennzeichnet, is arranged upstream of the transmitting unit (8) seen in relation to the receiving unit (10) in the radiation direction R.
11. Sensoranordnung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d u r c h mindestens ein Mittel zur Erkennung und Signalisierung der Notwendigkeit einer Reinigung eines Sichtfensters (28) .11. Sensor arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one means for recognizing and signaling the need to clean a viewing window (28).
12. Sensoranordnung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, g e k e nn z e i c h n e t du r c h wenigstens ein Sensorelement zur Licht-, Temperatur- oder Feuchtemessung.12. Sensor arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, g e k e nn z e i c h n e t du r c h at least one sensor element for light, temperature or moisture measurement.
13. Verwendung der Sensoranordnung (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 als Pre-Crash-Sensor in einem Insassenrückhaltesystem für Kraftfahrzeuge.13. Use of the sensor arrangement (2) according to one of claims 1 to 12 as a pre-crash sensor in an occupant restraint system for motor vehicles.
14. Verwendung der Sensoranordnung (2) nach Anspruch 13, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , d a s s wenigstens ein Pre-Crash-Sensor im Bereich der Seitentüren eines Fahrzeugs angeordnet ist.14. Use of the sensor arrangement (2) according to claim 13, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that at least one pre-crash sensor is arranged in the region of the side doors of a vehicle.
15. Verwendung der Sensoranordnung (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 als Sensor in einem aktiven Fußgängerschutzsys- te für Kraftfahrzeuge.15. Use of the sensor arrangement (2) according to one of claims 1 to 12 as a sensor in an active pedestrian protection system for motor vehicles.
16. Verwendung der Sensoranordnung (2) nach Anspruch 13 oder 15, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , d a s s wenigstens eine Sensoranordnung der beschriebenen Art hinter der Windschutzscheibe eines Fahrzeugs angeordnet ist.16. Use of the sensor arrangement (2) according to claim 13 or 15, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that at least one sensor arrangement of the type described is arranged behind the windshield of a vehicle.
17. Verwendung der Sensoranordnung (2) nach Anspruch 13 oder 15, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , d a s s wenigstens eine Sensoranordnung der beschriebenen Art im Bereich der Frontscheinwerfer eines Kraftfahrzeugs angeordnet ist.17. Use of the sensor arrangement (2) according to claim 13 or 15, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, that at least one sensor arrangement of the type described is arranged in the area of the headlights of a motor vehicle.
18. Verwendung der Sensoranordnung (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 17, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , d a s s von der Sensoranordnung (2) zur Verfügung gestellte Signale das Auslöseverhalten wenigstens eines Rückhaitesystems beeinflussen.18. Use of the sensor arrangement (2) according to one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that Signals made available by the sensor arrangement (2) influence the triggering behavior of at least one restraint system.
19. Verwendung der Sensoranordnung (2) nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 18, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , d a s s von der Sensoranordnung (2) zur Verfügung gestellte Signale das Auslöseverhalten wenigstens eines Schutzmechanismus oder Rückhaltesystems bereits vor Beginn einer Kollision beein- ■ flussen. 19. Use of the sensor arrangement (2) according to any one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that affect by the sensor arrangement (2) signals made available to the tripping behavior of at least one protective mechanism or restraint system before the start of a collision ■ influence.
PCT/DE2004/001203 2003-07-09 2004-06-09 Sensor system for measuring distances and speeds WO2005008279A1 (en)

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