WO2005024857A2 - Permanent magnet assembly - Google Patents
Permanent magnet assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005024857A2 WO2005024857A2 PCT/US2004/027748 US2004027748W WO2005024857A2 WO 2005024857 A2 WO2005024857 A2 WO 2005024857A2 US 2004027748 W US2004027748 W US 2004027748W WO 2005024857 A2 WO2005024857 A2 WO 2005024857A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- permanent magnet
- arc
- section
- shaped
- magnet assembly
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
- H01F7/0205—Magnetic circuits with PM in general
- H01F7/021—Construction of PM
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
- H01F7/0205—Magnetic circuits with PM in general
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B2321/002—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects
- F25B2321/0021—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects with a static fixed magnet
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B2321/002—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects
- F25B2321/0023—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects with modulation, influencing or enhancing an existing magnetic field
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
- H01F7/0273—Magnetic circuits with PM for magnetic field generation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to magnets, and more particularly to permanent magnet assemblies adapted to provide a time-varying magnetic field to an annular region.
- Permanent magnets have been used for many years and for many purposes. However, new applications of permanent magnets are driving the development of increasingly sophisticated permanent magnet assemblies. A permanent magnet assembly that can produce a high amplitude magnetic field intensity across a gap is of particular interest, especially in applications of magnetocaloric materials. Magnetocaloric materials near a transition from a ferromagnetic state to a paramagnetic state will warm when magnetized and cool when demagnetized. An apparatus that applies a time-varying magnetic field to magnetocaloric materials can be used to provide heating or cooling, for example in a magnetic refrigerator.
- a magnet assembly that produces a magnetic field intensity across a gap can be used to apply a time-varying magnetic field to magnetocaloric materials by moving the magnetocaloric materials in and out of the gap. This can be accomplished, for example, by moving the magnetocaloric materials relative to a stationary magnetic assembly, or by moving a magnet assembly relative to stationary magnetocaloric materials. Movement of magnetocaloric material relative to a magnet assembly can be accomplished through rotational or translational motion.
- One approach is to arrange magnetocaloric material in a stationary annular (ring- shaped) structure, and then to rotate a permanent magnet assembly around the ring.
- Another approach is to arrange magnetocaloric material in an annular structure partially surrounded by a stationary permanent magnet assembly, and then to rotate the annular structure containing the magnetocaloric material.
- a permanent magnet assembly specially adapted to provide a time-varying magnetic field to an annular region is of interest, for applications including, but not limited to, magnetic refrigeration.
- a permanent magnet assembly according to the present invention utilizes one or more permanent magnet blocks and one or more flux return sections to form a permanent magnet assembly specially adapted to provide a time-varying magnetic field to an annular region.
- the permanent magnet assembly can include one or more pole pieces, although this is not required.
- the annular region can have a rectangular cross-section, although this is not required.
- a permanent magnet assembly according to the invention can be used, for example, in a rotating bed or rotating magnet magnetic refrigerator apparatus
- a preferred embodiment of a permanent magnet assembly according to the present invention includes an arc-shaped flux return section formed of magnetically permeable material having a C-shaped cross-section with two ends forming an opening, and upper and lower arc-shaped permanent magnet sections operatively coupled to the ends of the C of the flux return section, wherein an arc-shaped gap is formed between the south end of the upper arc-shaped permanent magnet section and the north end of the lower arc-shaped permanent magnet section.
- the flux return section of a permanent magnet assembly according to the invention can be positioned in the interior of the assembly in which case the opening of the flux return section faces outwardly from the central axis of the assembly.
- An alternative permanent magnet assembly includes an upper flux return section formed of magnetically permeable material with a first arc-shaped upper permanent magnet section at one end and a second arc-shaped upper permanent magnet section at the other end, and a lower flux return section formed of magnetically permeable material with a first arc-shaped lower permanent magnet section at one end and a second arc-shaped lower permanent magnet section at the other end, wherein two arc-shaped gaps are formed between the permanent magnet sections at the ends of the upper and lower flux return sections.
- Another permanent magnet assembly according to the invention includes a central permanent magnet section and upper and lower pole pieces formed of magnetically permeable material that include arc-shaped side pole piece portions having pole faces that surround two arc-shaped gaps on the sides of the central permanent magnet section.
- a different embodiment of a permanent magnet assembly according to the invention includes an upper flux return section formed of magnetically permeable material with a first arc-shaped upper permanent magnet section at one end and a second arc-shaped upper permanent magnet section at the other end, and a lower flux return section formed of magnetically permeable material with a first arc-shaped lower permanent magnet section at one end and a second arc-shaped lower permanent magnet section at the other end, with a central flux return section between the upper and lower flux return sections, wherein two arc-shaped gaps are formed between the permanent magnet sections at the ends of the upper and lower flux return sections.
- the permanent magnet sections shown in the illustrative embodiments herein may be comprised of a single permanent magnet, or these permanent magnet sections may be comprised of one or more multiple permanent magnets and one or more sections of magnetically permeable material to form a magnetic array structure.
- the illustrative embodiments may show pole pieces or flux return sections formed as unitary structures, these structure may be comprised of individual sections which are operatively coupled together.
- the relative dimensions, shapes, and positions of the permanent magnet sections, pole pieces, or flux return sections can be optimized for a particular application.
- a magnet assembly according to the invention can provide a time- varying magnetic field to an annular region.
- Such an annular region can be especially well suited for a rotating bed or rotating magnet magnetic refrigerator.
- a magnet assembly can allow constant access to the annular region that is subject to the time-varying magnetic field intensity, and this can enable components of a magnetic refrigerator such as magnetocaloric material and heat transfer fluid plumbing to be stationary and positioned within the annular region.
- the magnet assembly can be stationary, and components of a magnetic refrigerator such as magnetocaloric material and heat transfer fluid can rotate within the annular region.
- a magnet assembly according to the invention can have relatively low operating costs, for example by minimizing space requirements and by minimizing the mass of any moving parts.
- Such a magnet assembly can also have relatively low manufacturing costs, for example by reducing the need for precisely machined permanent magnets.
- Each of the permanent magnet portions of such a magnet assembly can be arc-shaped with a rectangular cross section or generally rectangular in shape, in either case with an orthogonal magnetization vector to minimize production costs.
- This geometry can be especially well suited to the manufacture of sintered NdFeB magnets by current pressing methods, and the relatively low number of magnet mating surfaces can reduce the number of precision grinding operations that might otherwise be required.
- Precisely machined structures used in a magnet assembly according to the invention for example pole pieces that surround a gap at high magnetic field, may have surfaces that benefit from close tolerances to allow these surfaces to nest closely together with other components of a magnetic refrigerator, such as containers of magnetocaloric materials.
- a permanent magnet assembly according to the present invention can be used to generate a time-varying field over an annular region while minimizing the volume, mass, and fabrication cost of such an assembly.
- the magnetic field in the annular region can be used wherever a stationary or rotating wheel mechanism needs to be magnetized along part of its circumference.
- the particular design of this structure can allow unimpeded access to the annular region from one side, either from the exterior or from the interior, for example for plumbing carrying heat transfer fluid into and out of beds containing magnetocaloric materials located in the annular region.
- a permanent magnet assembly according to the invention can be of particular interest for use in a magnetic refrigeration device.
- Exemplary magnetic refrigeration devices that use rotational motion are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,526,759 and U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. US 2003/0106323 A1 , the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference. Further objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a permanent magnet assembly according to the invention with an exterior flux return path
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the permanent magnet assembly of Fig.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a permanent magnet assembly according to the invention with an interior flux return path
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of another permanent magnet assembly according to the invention with upper and lower interior flux return paths
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an alternative permanent magnet assembly according to the invention with a central magnet and upper and lower pole pieces
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the permanent magnet assembly of Fig. 5 taken along the line 6-6 thereof
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an alternative permanent magnet assembly according to the invention with an upper interior flux return path and a lower interior flux return path connected by a central flux return path.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a permanent magnet assembly according to the invention, indicated generally at 20.
- the permanent magnet assembly 20 surrounds an arc-shaped gap at high magnetic field 21 having a rectangular cross section 22 over an arc length of approximately 120 degrees, although the gap cross-section may have a different shape and the arc length may be greater than or less than 120 degrees.
- the permanent magnet assembly 20 is adapted to rotate about an axis of rotation 23, thereby sweeping an annular region 24.
- the permanent magnet assembly 20 includes an exterior flux return portion, indicated generally at 30, to provide a return path for the lines of magnetic flux and thereby complete the magnetic circuit.
- the flux return portion 30 is preferably of sufficient dimension to avoid saturation with magnetic flux, and is preferably shaped and exteriorly positioned at a sufficient distance from the gap at high magnetic field 21 to prevent shunting of the gap flux into the flux return portion 30.
- the flux return portion 30 can be formed of any suitable magnetically permeable material, for example a structural alloy such as low-carbon steel that has the ability to carry flux, or a specifically permeable material intended for use in magnetics such as the material sold by High Temp Metals of California, USA under the trademark Permendur 2V, or a combination of these materials, with or without additional non-permeable materials used, for example, to provide structural support.
- the flux return portion 30 can include one or more chamfered corners 31 , for example along the outer corners, or filled-in corners 32, for example along interior corners, to optimize flux return performance while minimizing stray flux and assembly weight.
- the permanent magnet assembly 20 includes an upper permanent magnet portion, indicated generally at 33, having a North pole 34 (marked "N") and a South pole 35 (marked "S"), and a lower permanent magnet portion, indicated generally at 36, having a North pole 37 and a South pole 38.
- the upper permanent magnet portion 33 and lower permanent magnet portion 36 can be formed of any suitable permanent magnet material, for example of the type sold by Sumitomo Special Metals of Japan under the trademark Neomax 50. As shown in Figs.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a permanent magnet assembly according to the invention, indicated generally at 45, having an interior flux return path.
- the permanent magnet assembly 45 may be especially useful in rotating magnet applications where the rotational moment of inertia is of concern.
- the permanent magnet assembly 45 surrounds an arc-shaped gap at high magnetic field 56 having a rectangular cross section over a given arc length, although this is not required and the cross-section may have different shapes and the arc length may be greater than or less than the arc length of the permanent magnet assembly 45.
- the permanent magnet assembly 45 includes an interior flux return portion, indicated generally at 46, to provide a return path for the lines of magnetic flux and thereby complete the magnetic circuit.
- the permanent magnet assembly 45 can be adapted to rotate about an axis of rotation 47, thereby sweeping an annular region.
- the flux return portion 46 of the permanent magnet assembly 45 is preferably of sufficient dimension to avoid saturation with magnetic flux and to avoid flux leakage elsewhere in the wheel.
- the flux return portion 46 is preferably shaped and interiorly positioned at a sufficient distance from the gap at high magnetic field 56 to prevent shunting of the gap flux into the flux return portion 46.
- the flux return portion 46 can be formed of any suitable magnetically permeable material, for example of the types discussed above.
- the interior flux return portion 46 may come to an abrupt corner at the central axis of the assembly, other shapes may be used depending on flux density, mounting considerations, and counter-weighting among other factors.
- the flux return portion 46 can include one or more chamfered corners 48, for example along the outer corners, or filled-in corners 49, for example along interior corners, to optimize flux return while minimizing stray flux, assembly weight, and rotational moment of inertia.
- the permanent magnet assembly 45 includes an upper permanent magnet portion, indicated generally at 50, having a North pole 51 (marked "N") and a South pole 52 (marked "S"), and a lower permanent magnet portion, indicated generally at 53, having a North pole 54 and a South pole 55.
- the upper permanent magnet portion 50 and lower permanent magnet portion 53 can be formed of any suitable permanent magnet material, for example of the types discussed above. As shown in Fig. 3, the South pole 52 of the upper permanent magnet portion 50 and the North pole 54 of the lower permanent magnet portion 53 surround the gap at high magnetic field 56.
- Fig. 4 is a perspective view of another permanent magnet assembly according to the invention, indicated generally at 60, having upper and lower interior flux return paths and providing two gaps at high magnetic field. Compared to the permanent magnet assemblies of Figs. 1 and 3 which use a single flux return path, the lines of flux travel a comparatively shorter distance from one magnetic pole to the next in the permanent magnet assembly 60, such that the two flux return paths in the permanent magnet assembly 60 can be individually less massive that the single flux return paths of Figs. 1 and 3.
- the permanent magnet assembly 60 can make the permanent magnet assembly 60 especially useful in rotating magnet applications that require at least some central free space along the axis of rotation where the rotational moment of inertia is also of concern.
- the permanent magnet assembly 60 surrounds two arc-shaped gaps at high magnetic field 74 having a rectangular cross section over an arc length, where each arc-shaped gap extends approximately 60 degrees, although this is not required and the gap cross-sections may have a different shape and the arc lengths may be greater than or less than 60 degrees.
- the permanent magnet assembly 60 includes two interior flux return portions, an upper flux return portion, indicated generally at 62, and a lower flux return portion, indicated generally at 63, to provide a return path for the lines of magnetic flux and thereby complete the magnetic circuit.
- the permanent magnet assembly 60 can be adapted to rotate about an axis of rotation 61, thereby sweeping an annular region.
- the upper flux return portion 62 and lower flux return portion 63 each include a central portion 64 extending outward from the axis of rotation.
- the upper flux return portion 62 and lower flux return portion 63 each preferably also include horizontally tapered portions 65 that concentrate the lines of flux in the central portion 64.
- a non-permeable axial link along the axis of rotation 61 that connects the upper flux return portion 62 and the lower flux return portion 63 through the center of the assembly can be used to provide structural support.
- the upper flux return portion 62 and lower flux return portion 63 of the permanent magnet assembly 60 are preferably of sufficient dimension to avoid saturation with magnetic flux and to avoid flux leakage elsewhere in the wheel.
- the upper flux return portion 62 and lower flux return portion 63 are preferably shaped and positioned at a sufficient distance from the gaps at high magnetic field 74 to prevent shunting of the gap flux into those flux return portions.
- the upper flux return portion 62 and lower flux return portion 63 can be formed of any suitable magnetically permeable material, for example of the types discussed above.
- the upper flux return portion 62 has a first end operatively coupled to a first upper permanent magnet portion 66 and a second end operatively coupled to a second upper permanent magnet portion 67, with each of the upper permanent magnet portions 66 and 67 having a North pole 68 (marked "N") and a South pole 69 (marked “S").
- the lower flux return portion 63 has a first end operatively coupled to a first lower permanent magnet portion 70 and a second end operatively coupled to a second lower permanent magnet portion 71 , with each of the lower permanent magnet portions 70 and 71 having a North pole 68 (marked "N") and a South pole 69 (marked “S"). As shown in Fig.
- the polar orientations of the upper and lower permanent magnet portions 66, 67, 70, and 71 are aligned to produce a circular flux around the magnetic circuit formed by the permanent magnet portions and the flux return portions.
- the second upper permanent magnet portion 67 and the second lower permanent magnet portion 71 are aligned together in the opposite direction, thereby forming a circular flux loop.
- the upper permanent magnet portions 66 and 67 and the lower permanent magnet portions 70 and 71 can be formed of any suitable permanent magnet material, for example of the types discussed above. As shown in Fig.
- the South pole 73 of the first lower permanent magnet portion 70 and the North pole 68 of the first upper permanent magnet portion 66 surround one gap at high magnetic field 74
- the South pole 69 of the second upper permanent magnet portion 67 and the North pole 72 of the second lower permanent magnet portion 71 surround a second gap at high magnetic field 74.
- the upper flux return portion 62 and the lower flux return portion 63 have a uniform thickness in the vertical direction, and although these flux return portions join the upper and lower permanent magnet portions 66, 67, 70, and 71 at abrupt corners, other shapes may be used depending on flux density, mounting considerations, and counter- weighting among other factors.
- the flux return portions can include one or more chamfered or rounded corners, for example along the outer corners or edges of the flux return portions, or filled-in corners, for example along the junction between the flux return portions and the permanent magnet portions, to optimize flux return while minimizing stray flux and assembly weight.
- Fig. 5 is a perspective view of an alternative permanent magnet assembly according to the invention indicated generally at 80, with a central magnet and upper and lower pole pieces and providing two gaps at high magnetic field. In the permanent magnet assembly 80, the majority of the assembly sits within the outer diameter of the wheel, thereby minimizing the rotational moment of inertia of the assembly. As shown in Fig.
- the permanent magnet assembly 80 includes a central permanent magnet portion 81 with an upper pole piece 85 and a lower pole piece 86 which direct the magnetic flux from the central permanent magnet portion 81 through two arc-shaped gaps at high magnetic field 94 over a given arc length. Each gap typically extends 60 degrees, but this is not required and greater or lesser arc lengths can be used.
- the permanent magnet assembly 80 can be adapted to rotate about an axis of rotation 82, thereby sweeping an annular region.
- the central permanent magnet portion 81 of permanent magnet assembly 80 has a North pole 83 (marked "N") and a South pole 84 (marked "S”), with the magnetic vector of the central permanent magnet portion 81 aligned with the axis of rotation 82.
- the central permanent magnet portion 81 can be formed of any suitable permanent magnet material, for example of the types discussed above.
- the permanent magnet assembly 80 includes an upper pole piece, indicated generally at 85, and a lower pole piece, indicated generally at 86.
- the upper and lower pole pieces 85 and 86 are of similar construction, each having a central pole piece portion 87 with two ends, where each end of each central pole piece bears a side pole piece portion 88.
- the upper pole piece 85 and lower pole piece 86 can be formed of any suitable magnetically permeable material, for example of the types discussed above.
- Each side pole piece portion 88 can include one or more chamfered corners 89.
- Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the permanent magnet assembly of Fig. 5 taken along the line 6-6 thereof. As shown in Figs.
- each end of the upper pole piece 85 terminates in an upper pole face 92.
- Each end of the lower pole piece 86 terminates in a lower pole face 93.
- the upper pole faces 92 and the lower pole faces 93 surround the two gaps at high magnetic field 94.
- the side pole piece portions 88 preferably include vertically tapered portions 90, and as perhaps best shown in Fig. 5, the side pole piece portions 88 preferably also include horizontally tapered portions 91.
- the vertically tapered portions 90 and horizontally tapered portions 91 can be used, for example, to concentrate the magnetic flux into the two gaps at high magnetic field 94.
- the lines of flux converge along the vertically tapered portions 90 and horizontally tapered portions 91 , whereby the flux lines crossing the gaps 94 can be at a higher density than the flux lines within the permanent magnet portion 81 , providing a magnetic flux density in the gaps 94 that can be greater than the saturation flux density of the magnetic material comprising the permanent magnet portion 81 without the need for a multi-pole magnet array.
- the upper pole piece 85 and the lower pole piece 86 of the permanent magnet assembly 80 are preferably of sufficient dimension to avoid saturation with magnetic flux and to avoid flux leakage elsewhere in the wheel.
- the vertically tapered portions 90, the horizontally tapered portions 91, and the pole faces 92 and 93 are preferably shaped and positioned to place the gaps at high magnetic field 94 at a sufficient distance from the permanent magnet portion 81 to prevent shunting of the gap flux back into the permanent magnet portion 81.
- the central portions 87 of the upper and lower pole pieces 85 and 86 have a uniform thickness in the vertical direction, other shapes may be used depending on flux density, mounting considerations, and counter- weighting among other factors.
- the upper and lower pole pieces 85 and 86 may include additional tapering in one or more directions, for example between the central pole piece portion 87 and the upper and lower pole faces 92 and 93, to further concentrate the lines of flux into the gaps 94.
- the upper and lower pole pieces 85 and 86 may include additional chamfered or rounded corners, for example along the outer corners or edges of the flux return portions, or filled-in corners, for example along the junction between the flux return portions and the permanent magnet portions, to optimize flux density through the gaps 94 while minimizing stray flux and assembly weight.
- the cross-section of the gaps at high magnetic field 94 can be trapezoidal, with an angle theta 95 between the horizontal and the lower pole face 93. There can also be a complementary angle between the horizontal and the upper pole face 92, although this is not required. The angle theta 95 is positive in the permanent magnet assembly 80 of Figs.
- the angle theta 95 can also be zero, in which case the interior dimension of the cross-section of the gaps at high magnetic field would be equal to the exterior dimension of that cross-section.
- the angle theta 95 can also be negative, in which case the interior dimension of the cross-section of the gaps at high magnetic field would be greater than the exterior dimension of that cross-section.
- the upper pole faces 92 and the lower pole face 93 are shown as essentially planar, this is not required and other shapes may be used. For example, in some applications of a permanent magnet assembly according to the invention the pole faces could be concave or convex.
- the cross- section of the gaps at high magnetic field 94 can include, but not be limited to, a rectangle (including but not limited to a square), a parallelogram, a trapezoid, a circle, an oval, or nearly any other shape or combination of shapes.
- Fig. 7 is a perspective view of an alternative permanent magnet assembly according to the invention, indicated generally at 100, with an upper interior flux return path and a lower interior flux return path connected by a central flux return path.
- the permanent magnet assembly 100 of Fig. 7 is similar to the permanent magnet assembly 60 of Fig. 4, except that the permanent magnet assembly 100 includes a central flux return path and the permanent magnet sections have different polarities.
- the two arc-shaped gaps in the permanent magnet assembly 100 experience a magnetic field having the same polarity.
- the two arc-shaped gaps at each end of in the permanent magnet assembly 60 shown in Fig. 4 experience a magnetic field having opposite polarities.
- a structure positioned within the annular volume swept by the permanent magnet assembly 100 will experience less magnetic hysteresis, since the magnetic field does not reverse direction at the two ends of the permanent magnet assembly 100. This property can make the permanent magnet assembly 100 especially useful for applications in which it is desirable to minimize magnetic hysteresis.
- the permanent magnet assembly 100 surrounds two arc-shaped gaps at high magnetic field 115 having a rectangular cross section over a given arc length, although this is not required and the cross- section may have a different shape. Each arc-shaped gap typically extends 60 degrees, although this is not required and greater or lesser arc lengths can be used.
- the permanent magnet assembly 100 includes an upper flux return portion 102, a lower flux return portion 103, and a central flux portion 104, to provide a return path for the lines of magnetic flux and thereby complete the magnetic circuit.
- the permanent magnet assembly 100 can be adapted to rotate about an axis of rotation 101 , thereby sweeping an annular region.
- the upper flux return portion 102 and lower flux return portion 103 each include a central portion 105 extending outward from the axis of rotation 101.
- the central flux return portion 104 operatively couples the central portion 105 of the upper flux return portion 102 and the central portion 105 of the lower flux return portion 103.
- the upper flux return portion 102 and lower flux return portion 103 each preferably also include horizontally tapered portions 106 that concentrate the lines of flux in the central portion 105 of the upper flux return portion 102, the central portion 105 of the lower flux return portion 103, and the central flux return portion 104.
- the permanent magnet assembly 100 may also include one or more non-permeable members between the upper flux return portion 102 and the lower flux return portion 103 to provide additional structural support, although this is not required.
- the upper flux return portion 102, lower flux return portion 103, and central flux return portion 104 of the permanent magnet assembly 100 are preferably of sufficient dimension to avoid saturation with magnetic flux and to avoid flux leakage elsewhere in the wheel.
- the upper flux return portion 102, lower flux return portion 103, and central flux return portion 104 are preferably shaped and positioned at a sufficient distance from the gap at high magnetic field 115 to prevent shunting of the gap flux into those flux return portions.
- the upper flux return portion 102, lower flux return portion 103, and central flux return portion 104 can be formed of any suitable magnetically permeable material, for example of the types discussed above.
- the upper flux return portion 102 has a first end operatively coupled to a first upper permanent magnet portion 107 and a second end operatively coupled to a second upper permanent magnet portion 108, with each of the upper permanent magnet portions 107 and 108 having a North pole 109 (marked "N") and a South pole 110 (marked "S").
- the lower flux return portion 103 has a first end operatively coupled to a first lower permanent magnet portion 111 and a second end operatively coupled to a second lower permanent magnet portion 112, with each of the lower permanent magnet portions 111 and 112 having a North pole 113 (marked "N") and a South pole 114 (marked "S").
- N North pole 113
- S South pole 114
- the polar orientations of the upper and lower permanent magnet portions 107, 108, 111 , and 112 are all aligned in the same direction. This alignment produces two circular flux loops around the magnetic circuits formed by the permanent magnet portions and the upper, lower, and central flux return portions.
- the upper permanent magnet portions 107 and 108 and the lower permanent magnet portions 111 and 112 can be formed of any suitable permanent magnet material, for example of the types discussed above. As shown in Fig. 7, the South pole 110 of the first upper permanent magnet portion 107 and the North pole 113 of the first lower permanent magnet portion 111 surround one gap at high magnetic field 115, and the South pole 110 of the second upper permanent magnet portion 108 and the North pole 113 of the second lower permanent magnet portion 112 surround a second gap at high magnetic field 115. Although in Fig. 7, the South pole 110 of the first upper permanent magnet portion 107 and the North pole 113 of the first lower permanent magnet portion 111 surround one gap at high magnetic field 115, and the South pole 110 of the second upper permanent magnet portion 108 and the North pole 113 of the second lower permanent magnet portion 112 surround a second gap at high magnetic field 115. Although in Fig.
- the upper flux return portion 102 and the lower flux return portion 103 have a uniform thickness in one direction and the central flux return portion 104 has a uniform thickness in two directions, and although these flux return portions can be joined together and to the upper and lower permanent magnet portions 107, 108, 111 , and 112 at abrupt corners, other shapes may be used depending on flux density, mounting considerations, and counter-weighting among other factors.
- the flux return portions can include one or more chamfered or rounded corners, for example along the outer corners or edges of the flux return portions.
- the flux return portions can also have filled-in corners, for example along the junctions between the flux return portions or the junctions between the flux return portions and the permanent magnet portions.
- the specific shapes can be chosen, for example, to maximize flux return while minimizing stray flux and assembly weight.
- the exemplary embodiments of the present invention refer to specific materials, other materials known to those skilled in the art as having suitable properties can be appropriately substituted.
- particular structures and portions of the embodiments described herein are referred to using the terms "upper,” “lower,” “vertical,” and “horizontal,” and the like, it is understood that those terms are used in reference to the exemplary orientations shown in the drawings herein.
- a permanent magnet assembly according to the invention can be used in any orientation, and the use of a particular term such as “vertical” or “horizontal” is used to describe the relationship between particular structures and portions of the embodiments described herein and not to limit those structures or portions of the embodiments to any particular orientation or frame of reference.
- exemplary embodiments of the present invention show particular shapes and relative dimensions, other shapes and dimensions can be used.
- the total arc length at high magnetic field will usually range between 90 and 180 degrees, with 120 degrees being typical, other arc lengths may be used in an appropriate case and the exact arc length is not important to the invention.
- the total arc length at high magnetic field may be comprised of a single arc-shaped gap at high magnetic field, or the total arc length at high magnetic field may be divided among a plurality of arc-shaped gaps at high magnetic field.
- the exemplary embodiments of the present invention herein may show individual portions and sections having unitary construction, other constructions can be used.
- a flux return section or portion can have a unitary construction, or such a flux return section or portion can be comprised of a plurality of pieces which are attached together.
- a permanent magnet section or portion can have a unitary construction, or such a permanent magnet section or portion can be comprised of a plurality of permanent magnet pieces, possibly including magnetically permeable pieces or magnetically impermeable pieces, which are attached together.
- a rectangular permanent magnet section may be operatively coupled to an arc-shaped pole piece to obtain a structure which is the equivalent of an arc-shaped permanent magnet section.
- the exemplary embodiments of the present invention herein may show individual portions and sections having square or rectangular cross-sections, other constructions can be used.
- a flux return section could have a continuously curved shape, a trapezoidal shape, or any combination of shapes.
- the exemplary embodiments of the present invention may show permanent magnet sections or portions positioned adjacent to an arc-shaped gap without any intermediate components, this is not required.
- one or more pole faces formed of magnetically permeable material may be positioned between the permanent magnet sections or portions and the arc-shaped gap in order to direct or concentrate the magnetic flux through the arc-shaped gap.
- the exemplary embodiments herein are described as being adapted to rotate about an axis whereby the permanent magnet assembly provides a gap at high magnetic field that sweeps an annular region, to thereby apply a time- varying magnetic field to the annular region.
- a time-varying magnetic field can be applied to a structure located within the annular region, such as a ring of beds containing magnetocaloric materials.
- a rotating permanent magnet assembly according to the invention can be combined with stationary magnetocaloric materials for use in a rotating magnet magnetic refrigerator.
- a permanent magnet according to the invention can also be used in a stationary configuration, wherein an annular structure, such as a ring of beds containing magnetocaloric materials, is adapted to rotate relative to the permanent magnet assembly.
- a stationary permanent magnet assembly according to the invention can be combined with rotating magnetocaloric materials for use in a rotating bed magnetic refrigerator.
- a permanent magnet assembly according to the invention can also be used in a configuration in which both the permanent magnet assembly and the magnetocaloric materials rotate, in opposite directions or in the same direction at different angular velocities.
- a permanent magnet assembly according to the invention can be used in a configuration in which either or both of the permanent magnet assembly or the magnetocaloric materials oscillate back and forth or otherwise move relative to each other. It is understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but embraces all such modified forms thereof as come within the scope of the following claims.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI0414048-6A BRPI0414048B1 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-26 | PERMANENT MAGNET SET |
JP2006524849A JP4613166B2 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-26 | Permanent magnet assembly |
KR1020067004121A KR101056212B1 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-26 | Permanent magnet assembly |
EP04782264.8A EP1665293B1 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-26 | Permanent magnet assembly |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US49913403P | 2003-08-29 | 2003-08-29 | |
US60/499,134 | 2003-08-29 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005024857A2 true WO2005024857A2 (en) | 2005-03-17 |
WO2005024857A3 WO2005024857A3 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
Family
ID=34272781
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2004/027748 WO2005024857A2 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-26 | Permanent magnet assembly |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6946941B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1665293B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4613166B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101056212B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100593829C (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0414048B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005024857A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2108904A1 (en) * | 2008-04-07 | 2009-10-14 | Haute Ecole d'Ingénierie et de Gestion du Canton de Vaud (HEIG-VD) | A magnetocaloric device, especially a magnetic refrigerator, a heat pump or a power generator |
Families Citing this family (63)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7038565B1 (en) * | 2003-06-09 | 2006-05-02 | Astronautics Corporation Of America | Rotating dipole permanent magnet assembly |
CN1985339B (en) * | 2004-02-03 | 2010-12-08 | 美国宇航公司 | Permanent magnet assembly |
US8138873B2 (en) * | 2007-10-04 | 2012-03-20 | Hussmann Corporation | Permanent magnet device |
US8209988B2 (en) * | 2008-09-24 | 2012-07-03 | Husssmann Corporation | Magnetic refrigeration device |
CH703452A1 (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2012-01-31 | Haute Ecole D Ingenierie Et De Gestion Du Canton De Vaud Heig Vd | Magnetic field generator and device with said magnetocaloric generator magnetic field. |
US9709303B1 (en) | 2011-11-30 | 2017-07-18 | EMC IP Holding Company LLC | Magneto-caloric cooling system |
US9631842B1 (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2017-04-25 | EMC IP Holding Company LLC | Magneto-caloric cooling system |
FR2987433B1 (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2014-03-28 | Cooltech Applications | MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATOR FOR MAGNETOCALORIC THERMAL APPARATUS |
WO2014007122A1 (en) | 2012-07-02 | 2014-01-09 | 日立金属株式会社 | Magnetic circuit |
JP5866720B2 (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2016-02-17 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | Magnetic field application device |
FR2994018B1 (en) * | 2012-07-27 | 2015-01-16 | Cooltech Applications | MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATOR FOR MAGNETOCALORIC THERMAL APPARATUS AND MAGNETOCALORIC THERMAL APPARATUS EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A GENERATOR |
FR2999014B1 (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2016-01-15 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | MAGNETOTHERMIC SHUNT ACTUATOR, ESPECIALLY FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIPPING |
BR112015014170A2 (en) | 2012-12-17 | 2017-07-11 | Astronautics Corp | use of unidirectional flow modes of magnetic cooling systems |
US10126025B2 (en) | 2013-08-02 | 2018-11-13 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Magneto caloric assemblies |
US9698660B2 (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2017-07-04 | General Electric Company | System and method for heating ferrite magnet motors for low temperatures |
US9995511B2 (en) | 2013-12-17 | 2018-06-12 | Astronautics Corporation Of America | Magnetic refrigeration system with improved flow efficiency |
US9602043B2 (en) | 2014-08-29 | 2017-03-21 | General Electric Company | Magnet management in electric machines |
US9927155B2 (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2018-03-27 | Astronautics Corporation Of America | Magnetic refrigeration system with unequal blows |
US10541070B2 (en) | 2016-04-25 | 2020-01-21 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Method for forming a bed of stabilized magneto-caloric material |
US10299655B2 (en) | 2016-05-16 | 2019-05-28 | General Electric Company | Caloric heat pump dishwasher appliance |
US10006675B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2018-06-26 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Linearly-actuated magnetocaloric heat pump |
US10281177B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2019-05-07 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Caloric heat pump system |
US10006672B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2018-06-26 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Linearly-actuated magnetocaloric heat pump |
US10222101B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2019-03-05 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Linearly-actuated magnetocaloric heat pump |
US10006674B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2018-06-26 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Linearly-actuated magnetocaloric heat pump |
US10047979B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2018-08-14 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Linearly-actuated magnetocaloric heat pump |
US10047980B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2018-08-14 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Linearly-actuated magnetocaloric heat pump |
US10006673B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2018-06-26 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Linearly-actuated magnetocaloric heat pump |
US10274231B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2019-04-30 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Caloric heat pump system |
US10295227B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2019-05-21 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Caloric heat pump system |
US10443585B2 (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2019-10-15 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Pump for a heat pump system |
US10386096B2 (en) | 2016-12-06 | 2019-08-20 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Magnet assembly for a magneto-caloric heat pump |
US10288326B2 (en) | 2016-12-06 | 2019-05-14 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Conduction heat pump |
US11009282B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 | 2021-05-18 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Refrigerator appliance with a caloric heat pump |
US10527325B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 | 2020-01-07 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Refrigerator appliance |
US10451320B2 (en) | 2017-05-25 | 2019-10-22 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Refrigerator appliance with water condensing features |
US10422555B2 (en) | 2017-07-19 | 2019-09-24 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Refrigerator appliance with a caloric heat pump |
US10451322B2 (en) | 2017-07-19 | 2019-10-22 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Refrigerator appliance with a caloric heat pump |
WO2019038719A1 (en) | 2017-08-25 | 2019-02-28 | Astronautics Corporation Of America | A drum-type magnetic refrigeration apparatus with multiple bed rings |
US11125477B2 (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2021-09-21 | Astronautics Corporation Of America | Drum-type magnetic refrigeration apparatus with improved magnetic-field source |
US10520229B2 (en) | 2017-11-14 | 2019-12-31 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Caloric heat pump for an appliance |
US11022348B2 (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2021-06-01 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Caloric heat pump for an appliance |
US10551213B2 (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2020-02-04 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Sickle-shaped magnet arrangement for angle detection |
US10557649B2 (en) | 2018-04-18 | 2020-02-11 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Variable temperature magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly |
US10876770B2 (en) | 2018-04-18 | 2020-12-29 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Method for operating an elasto-caloric heat pump with variable pre-strain |
US10551095B2 (en) | 2018-04-18 | 2020-02-04 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly |
US10648706B2 (en) | 2018-04-18 | 2020-05-12 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly with an axially pinned magneto-caloric cylinder |
US10830506B2 (en) | 2018-04-18 | 2020-11-10 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Variable speed magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly |
US10648704B2 (en) | 2018-04-18 | 2020-05-12 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly |
US10648705B2 (en) | 2018-04-18 | 2020-05-12 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly |
US10641539B2 (en) | 2018-04-18 | 2020-05-05 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly |
US10782051B2 (en) | 2018-04-18 | 2020-09-22 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly |
US11015842B2 (en) | 2018-05-10 | 2021-05-25 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly with radial polarity alignment |
US10989449B2 (en) | 2018-05-10 | 2021-04-27 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly with radial supports |
US11054176B2 (en) | 2018-05-10 | 2021-07-06 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly with a modular magnet system |
US11092364B2 (en) | 2018-07-17 | 2021-08-17 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly with a heat transfer fluid circuit |
US10684044B2 (en) | 2018-07-17 | 2020-06-16 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Magneto-caloric thermal diode assembly with a rotating heat exchanger |
US11149994B2 (en) | 2019-01-08 | 2021-10-19 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Uneven flow valve for a caloric regenerator |
US11193697B2 (en) | 2019-01-08 | 2021-12-07 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Fan speed control method for caloric heat pump systems |
US11274860B2 (en) | 2019-01-08 | 2022-03-15 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Mechano-caloric stage with inner and outer sleeves |
US11168926B2 (en) | 2019-01-08 | 2021-11-09 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Leveraged mechano-caloric heat pump |
US11112146B2 (en) | 2019-02-12 | 2021-09-07 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Heat pump and cascaded caloric regenerator assembly |
US11015843B2 (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2021-05-25 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Caloric heat pump hydraulic system |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2589775A (en) | 1948-10-12 | 1952-03-18 | Technical Assets Inc | Method and apparatus for refrigeration |
EP0670471A1 (en) | 1994-03-04 | 1995-09-06 | CTS Corporation | Throttle position sensor for an internal combustion engine |
US6147578A (en) | 1998-02-09 | 2000-11-14 | Odin Technologies Ltd. | Method for designing open magnets and open magnetic apparatus for use in MRI/MRT probes |
WO2002012800A1 (en) | 2000-08-09 | 2002-02-14 | Astronautics Corporation Of America | Rotating bed magnetic refrigeration apparatus |
US20030051774A1 (en) | 2001-03-27 | 2003-03-20 | Akiko Saito | Magnetic material |
US20030106323A1 (en) | 2001-12-12 | 2003-06-12 | Astronautics Corporation Of America | Rotating magnet magnetic refrigerator |
Family Cites Families (72)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2613246A (en) * | 1948-10-01 | 1952-10-07 | Spodig Heinrich | Magnetic system |
US4033734A (en) | 1976-09-17 | 1977-07-05 | Steyert Jr William A | Continuous, noncyclic magnetic refrigerator and method |
US4069028A (en) | 1976-11-30 | 1978-01-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Magnetic heat pumping |
US4107935A (en) | 1977-03-10 | 1978-08-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | High temperature refrigerator |
US4112699A (en) | 1977-05-04 | 1978-09-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Heat transfer system using thermally-operated, heat-conducting valves |
US4392356A (en) | 1977-08-31 | 1983-07-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Magnetic heat pumping |
US4203740A (en) | 1978-09-11 | 1980-05-20 | Vesper Albert Vaseen | Oxygen production by paramagnetic removal of magnetized oxygen from liquid air |
US4332135A (en) | 1981-01-27 | 1982-06-01 | The United States Of America As Respresented By The United States Department Of Energy | Active magnetic regenerator |
FR2517415A1 (en) | 1981-11-27 | 1983-06-03 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | METHOD FOR REFRIGERATING OR HEAT PUMPING AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD |
US4408463A (en) | 1982-01-20 | 1983-10-11 | Barclay John A | Wheel-type magnetic refrigerator |
IL65881A (en) | 1982-05-25 | 1986-11-30 | Israel State | Control of passive motion of pneumatically driven displacers in cryogenic coolers |
US4483341A (en) | 1982-12-09 | 1984-11-20 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Therapeutic hypothermia instrument |
US4453114A (en) | 1982-12-30 | 1984-06-05 | The Boeing Company | Electromechanical actuator counter-EMF utilization system |
US4459811A (en) | 1983-03-28 | 1984-07-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Magnetic refrigeration apparatus and method |
US4507927A (en) | 1983-05-26 | 1985-04-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Low-temperature magnetic refrigerator |
JPS608673A (en) | 1983-06-29 | 1985-01-17 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Rotating magnetic field type magnetic refrigerator |
US4507928A (en) | 1984-03-09 | 1985-04-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Reciprocating magnetic refrigerator employing tandem porous matrices within a reciprocating displacer |
JPS60223972A (en) | 1984-04-20 | 1985-11-08 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Rotary type magnetic refrigerator |
FR2574913B1 (en) | 1984-12-18 | 1987-01-09 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | REFRIGERATION OR HEAT PUMPING DEVICE |
JPS62106271A (en) | 1985-11-01 | 1987-05-16 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Rotating-field type magnetic refrigerator |
DE3539584C1 (en) | 1985-11-08 | 1986-12-18 | Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., 5300 Bonn | Device for magnetocaloric cold production |
US4704871A (en) | 1986-04-03 | 1987-11-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Magnetic refrigeration apparatus with belt of ferro or paramagnetic material |
US4785636A (en) | 1986-07-11 | 1988-11-22 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Magnetic refrigerator and refrigeration method |
US4702090A (en) | 1986-10-24 | 1987-10-27 | Astronautics Corporation Of America | Magnetic refrigeration apparatus with conductive heat transfer |
US4727722A (en) | 1987-02-11 | 1988-03-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Rotary magnetic heat pump |
DE3800098A1 (en) | 1987-09-25 | 1989-07-13 | Heinz Munk | MAGNETOCALORIC INDUCTOR WITH COMPENSATION CORE FOR GENERATING ELECTRICAL ENERGY |
JPH0356005Y2 (en) * | 1988-02-12 | 1991-12-16 | ||
US4901047A (en) | 1989-02-06 | 1990-02-13 | Astronautics Corporation Of America | Magnetic field transfer device and method |
US5012060A (en) | 1989-09-11 | 1991-04-30 | Gerard Frank J | Permanent magnet thermal generator |
US5182914A (en) | 1990-03-14 | 1993-02-02 | Astronautics Corporation Of America | Rotary dipole active magnetic regenerative refrigerator |
US5024059A (en) | 1990-06-20 | 1991-06-18 | Noble Jerry D | Electronic force ionized gas air conditioning system compressor |
US5091361A (en) | 1990-07-03 | 1992-02-25 | Hed Aharon Z | Magnetic heat pumps using the inverse magnetocaloric effect |
US5381664A (en) | 1990-09-28 | 1995-01-17 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce | Nanocomposite material for magnetic refrigeration and superparamagnetic systems using the same |
US5162771A (en) | 1990-10-01 | 1992-11-10 | New York University | Highly efficient yoked permanent magnet |
US5156003A (en) | 1990-11-08 | 1992-10-20 | Koatsu Gas Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Magnetic refrigerator |
JP2933731B2 (en) | 1991-01-22 | 1999-08-16 | 高圧ガス工業株式会社 | Stationary magnetic refrigerator |
US5165242A (en) | 1991-02-25 | 1992-11-24 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Refrigerator or air conditioner based on a magnetic fluid |
US5177970A (en) | 1991-02-25 | 1993-01-12 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Refrigerator of air conditioner based on a fluid of electric dipoles |
US5447034A (en) | 1991-04-11 | 1995-09-05 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Cryogenic refrigerator and regenerative heat exchange material |
US5332029A (en) | 1992-01-08 | 1994-07-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Regenerator |
JPH05258949A (en) * | 1992-03-13 | 1993-10-08 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Magnet member and voice coil motor |
US5382936A (en) | 1992-06-02 | 1995-01-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Field augmented permanent magnet structures |
US5249424A (en) | 1992-06-05 | 1993-10-05 | Astronautics Corporation Of America | Active magnetic regenerator method and apparatus |
RU2040704C1 (en) | 1992-06-10 | 1995-07-25 | Виктор Федорович Каплин | Carburetor with multi-functional economizer for internal combustion engine |
JPH0614523A (en) * | 1992-06-23 | 1994-01-21 | Sumitomo Special Metals Co Ltd | Eddy-current brake |
JP2818099B2 (en) * | 1993-06-29 | 1998-10-30 | 巍洲 橋本 | Cryogenic refrigerator |
US5444983A (en) | 1994-02-28 | 1995-08-29 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Magnetic heat pump flow director |
US5596304A (en) | 1994-03-29 | 1997-01-21 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Permanent magnet edge-field quadrupole |
US5495222A (en) | 1994-04-15 | 1996-02-27 | New York University | Open permanent magnet structure for generating highly uniform field |
US5641424A (en) | 1995-07-10 | 1997-06-24 | Xerox Corporation | Magnetic refrigerant compositions and processes for making and using |
DE69633683T2 (en) | 1995-08-28 | 2006-03-09 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Magnetic circuit arrangement with opposing permanent magnets |
US5635889A (en) | 1995-09-21 | 1997-06-03 | Permag Corporation | Dipole permanent magnet structure |
US5887449A (en) | 1996-07-03 | 1999-03-30 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Dual stage active magnetic regenerator and method |
US5743095A (en) | 1996-11-19 | 1998-04-28 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Active magnetic refrigerants based on Gd-Si-Ge material and refrigeration apparatus and process |
US5790006A (en) | 1996-11-22 | 1998-08-04 | New York University | Apparatus for generating uniform magnetic fields with magnetic wedges |
JPH1147751A (en) * | 1997-07-31 | 1999-02-23 | Pasuko Eng Kk | Apparatus for activating water molecule |
FR2768568B1 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 2000-02-25 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE PREPARATION OF A HYPERPOLARIZED HELIUM GAS AT HIGH PRESSURE, APPLICATION OF SAID METHOD |
US5886609A (en) | 1997-10-22 | 1999-03-23 | Dexter Magnetic Technologies, Inc. | Single dipole permanent magnet structure with linear gradient magnetic field intensity |
IL136494A (en) | 1997-12-12 | 2003-10-31 | Medi Physics Inc | Polarized gas accumulators and heating jackets and associated gas collection and thaw methods and polarized gas products |
US6079213A (en) | 1997-12-12 | 2000-06-27 | Magnetic Imaging Technologies Incorporated | Methods of collecting, thawing, and extending the useful life of polarized gases and associated accumulators and heating jackets |
US5934078A (en) | 1998-02-03 | 1999-08-10 | Astronautics Corporation Of America | Reciprocating active magnetic regenerator refrigeration apparatus |
US6044899A (en) | 1998-04-27 | 2000-04-04 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Low EMI emissions heat sink device |
BR9911346A (en) | 1998-06-17 | 2001-03-13 | Medi Physics Inc | Hyperpolarized gas transport device and associated transport method |
US6084498A (en) | 1998-08-21 | 2000-07-04 | Dexter Magnetic Technologies, Inc. | Magnetic decoupler |
US5942962A (en) | 1998-10-02 | 1999-08-24 | Quadrant Technology | Dipole magnetic structure for producing uniform magnetic field |
US6250087B1 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2001-06-26 | Abi Limited | Super-quick freezing method and apparatus therefor |
US6680663B1 (en) | 2000-03-24 | 2004-01-20 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Permanent magnet structure for generation of magnetic fields |
JP2003532861A (en) | 2000-05-05 | 2003-11-05 | ユニヴァーシティ オブ ヴィクトリア イノヴェーション アンド デヴェロップメント コーポレイション | Apparatus and method for cooling and liquefying a fluid using magnetic refrigeration |
JP4333018B2 (en) * | 2000-10-23 | 2009-09-16 | 富士電機デバイステクノロジー株式会社 | Magnetic recording control method and magnetic recording control apparatus for magnetic recording medium |
JP2002195683A (en) * | 2000-12-20 | 2002-07-10 | Denso Corp | Magnetic temperature regulating apparatus |
JP4617596B2 (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2011-01-26 | 日立金属株式会社 | MRI magnetic field generator and MRI apparatus using the same |
US6446441B1 (en) | 2001-08-28 | 2002-09-10 | William G. Dean | Magnetic refrigerator |
-
2004
- 2004-08-24 US US10/924,711 patent/US6946941B2/en active Active
- 2004-08-26 CN CN200480024853A patent/CN100593829C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-26 KR KR1020067004121A patent/KR101056212B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2004-08-26 EP EP04782264.8A patent/EP1665293B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2004-08-26 JP JP2006524849A patent/JP4613166B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-26 WO PCT/US2004/027748 patent/WO2005024857A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-08-26 BR BRPI0414048-6A patent/BRPI0414048B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2589775A (en) | 1948-10-12 | 1952-03-18 | Technical Assets Inc | Method and apparatus for refrigeration |
EP0670471A1 (en) | 1994-03-04 | 1995-09-06 | CTS Corporation | Throttle position sensor for an internal combustion engine |
US6147578A (en) | 1998-02-09 | 2000-11-14 | Odin Technologies Ltd. | Method for designing open magnets and open magnetic apparatus for use in MRI/MRT probes |
WO2002012800A1 (en) | 2000-08-09 | 2002-02-14 | Astronautics Corporation Of America | Rotating bed magnetic refrigeration apparatus |
US20030051774A1 (en) | 2001-03-27 | 2003-03-20 | Akiko Saito | Magnetic material |
US20030106323A1 (en) | 2001-12-12 | 2003-06-12 | Astronautics Corporation Of America | Rotating magnet magnetic refrigerator |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP1665293A4 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2108904A1 (en) * | 2008-04-07 | 2009-10-14 | Haute Ecole d'Ingénierie et de Gestion du Canton de Vaud (HEIG-VD) | A magnetocaloric device, especially a magnetic refrigerator, a heat pump or a power generator |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR101056212B1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
BRPI0414048A (en) | 2006-10-24 |
CN100593829C (en) | 2010-03-10 |
JP2007504653A (en) | 2007-03-01 |
US20050046533A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
JP4613166B2 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
EP1665293A2 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
US6946941B2 (en) | 2005-09-20 |
WO2005024857A3 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
EP1665293B1 (en) | 2017-10-04 |
BRPI0414048B1 (en) | 2017-07-04 |
KR20070030721A (en) | 2007-03-16 |
EP1665293A4 (en) | 2010-06-02 |
CN1846284A (en) | 2006-10-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6946941B2 (en) | Permanent magnet assembly | |
US7148777B2 (en) | Permanent magnet assembly | |
JP4623848B2 (en) | Magnetic field generator | |
US5886609A (en) | Single dipole permanent magnet structure with linear gradient magnetic field intensity | |
JP3675010B2 (en) | Superconducting bearing device | |
JP3682807B2 (en) | Permanent magnet magnetic circuit for axial magnetic field generation | |
JP2004342796A (en) | Magnetic field generator | |
JP3571389B2 (en) | Magnetic levitation device | |
WO2021229767A1 (en) | Magnetic refrigerator | |
JP4338166B2 (en) | Magnetic field generator for MRI | |
JP3397823B2 (en) | Superconducting bearing device | |
JPH02299457A (en) | Hysteresis magnetic coupling | |
JPH07277664A (en) | Lifting device | |
JPH07327338A (en) | Superconducting levitation rotary system | |
JPS62118749A (en) | Linear motor | |
JPS5915448Y2 (en) | magnetic circuit | |
JPH0623213U (en) | Magnetic actuator | |
JPS59114729A (en) | Permanent magnet device | |
JPH04132539A (en) | Even magnetic field magnet for magnetic resonance imaging apparatus | |
JPH02156610A (en) | Magnetization and magnetizing apparatus | |
JPH0313659U (en) | ||
JPH01133707U (en) | ||
JPH097824A (en) | Variable magnetic field permanent magnet circuit |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200480024853.3 Country of ref document: CN |
|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 00418/KOLNP/2006 Country of ref document: IN Ref document number: 418/KOLNP/2006 Country of ref document: IN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1020067004121 Country of ref document: KR Ref document number: 2006524849 Country of ref document: JP |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2004782264 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2004782264 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2004782264 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: PI0414048 Country of ref document: BR |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1020067004121 Country of ref document: KR |