WO2005030360A1 - Procede et dispositif permettant de desemulsionner une emulsion huile-eau par application d'ultrasons - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif permettant de desemulsionner une emulsion huile-eau par application d'ultrasons Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005030360A1
WO2005030360A1 PCT/CN2004/000993 CN2004000993W WO2005030360A1 WO 2005030360 A1 WO2005030360 A1 WO 2005030360A1 CN 2004000993 W CN2004000993 W CN 2004000993W WO 2005030360 A1 WO2005030360 A1 WO 2005030360A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ultrasonic
oil
water emulsion
ultrasonic wave
countercurrent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2004/000993
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Shequan Gou
Jianwen Da
Yougui Zhang
Ping Han
Jingyi Zhang
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China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation
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Publication date
Application filed by China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation filed Critical China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation
Priority to CA002536982A priority Critical patent/CA2536982C/en
Priority to US10/569,967 priority patent/US7708895B2/en
Priority to JP2006524204A priority patent/JP4621671B2/ja
Publication of WO2005030360A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005030360A1/zh

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G33/00—Dewatering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G33/06—Dewatering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils with mechanical means, e.g. by filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
    • B01D17/0208—Separation of non-miscible liquids by sedimentation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
    • B01D17/04—Breaking emulsions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
    • B01D17/06—Separation of liquids from each other by electricity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/34—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations
    • C02F1/36—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations ultrasonic vibrations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
    • C02F2101/325—Emulsions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for demulsifying an oil-water emulsion by ultrasonic action.
  • Crude oil produced from the ground sometimes has a water content of over 90%.
  • the key is to demulsify the oil-water emulsion structure.
  • the crude oil produced by the oil field must undergo a dewatering and sedimentation process.
  • the key to the dehydration effect is the effect of demulsifying the oil-water emulsion.
  • the crude oil delivered to the oil refinery has the salt content index requirements.
  • the process of separating oil and water and dehydrating finally meets the requirements for desalination.
  • the crude oil transported from the oil field itself contains water, and this water generally exists in the crude oil in an emulsified manner.
  • the first processing step of crude oil entering the refinery is the electric desalination process of one to three stages of water injection, salt washing, electric field dehydration, and desalination. In this process, a new emulsification structure will be formed again. To achieve better desalination results, the key is to destroy these two types of oil-water emulsified structures.
  • demulsification and dehydration are required in the process of recovering tanker sewage oil that has settled at the bottom of crude oil tanks, and in the process of recovering salty wastewater that has been removed from crude oil by electric desalination, it is necessary to decompose it.
  • Milk dehydration, dehydration and dehydration are required during the electric refining of gasoline, kerosene, and diesel, and denitrification and dehydration are required during the electric denitrification of lubricating oil.
  • the methods for demulsifying and dehydrating the oil-water emulsion mainly include the following methods: heating, applying a high-voltage electric field, adding a demulsifier, and their combined effects.
  • the effect of using these methods to treat complex emulsified and stable oil-water emulsions is not Good enough to no longer meet production needs.
  • Ultrasound, as an energy, can propagate in a flowable oil-water emulsion and has a relative displacement effect on two different shields, oil and salt water. Therefore, there have been methods to use ultrasound to assist other desalination and dehydration processes. Meet the needs of production.
  • the utility model patent with public notice number CN2296230Y published on November 4, 1998 discloses a technique for demulsifying oil-water emulsions by ultrasonic action, wherein the installation direction of the ultrasonic probe is perpendicular to the axis direction of the ultrasonic action zone, so that the ultrasonic action
  • the direction of the oil and water emulsion is perpendicular to the flow direction of the oil and water emulsion. Therefore, the residence time of the oil and water emulsion in the ultrasonic action zone is short.
  • the ultrasonic action zone is a circular tube, the internal arc surface of the circular tube will cause the ultrasonic wave to be focused by reflection. Therefore, it is easy to generate a locally excessive sound intensity, so that the intensity of the ultrasonic waves in the ultrasonic action area is not uniform, but it is easy to cause oil and water emulsification.
  • the US invention patent USP5,885,424 filed in 1999 discloses an ultrasonic active area structure, in which the ultrasonic probe is mounted on a flat rectangular box. Therefore, the ultrasonic active area is a rectangular area, and the probe is installed above and outside the pipe Surface or lower outer surface. With this structure, through the outer surface of the rectangular box, the area of the ultrasonic wave is appropriately increased, so that the time of the ultrasonic wave is prolonged, but because the direction of the ultrasonic wave is perpendicular to the flow direction of the oil and water emulsion, the ultrasonic wave is still relatively short. The effect is not obvious and has no industrial application value. So far, no successful technology has been applied to industrial continuous production processes.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, and propose a method and a device for demulsifying oil-water emulsions by the action of ultrasound, so as to solve the problem that the ultrasound in the prior art is easily focused, uneven, and effective.
  • the problem of small area area or short action time enhances the effect of demulsifying the oil-water emulsion, and realizes the industrial application of demulsifying the oil-water emulsion by the action of ultrasound.
  • the present invention provides a method for demulsifying an oil-water emulsion by ultrasonic action.
  • the method includes the step of flowing the oil-water emulsion through at least one ultrasonic action zone in a flow direction, and is characterized in that: in the ultrasonic action zone, generated by at least one first ultrasonic probe disposed at an upstream end of the ultrasonic action zone; A co-current ultrasonic wave in the same direction as the flow direction of the oil-water emulsion, and at the same time, at least one second ultrasonic probe disposed at the downstream end of the ultrasonic action zone generates a counter-current ultrasonic wave, a co-current ultrasonic wave, and a counter-current ultrasonic wave, which are opposite to the flow direction of the oil-water emulsion. At the same time, it acts on the oil-water emulsion flowing through the ultrasonic action zone, thereby demulsifying the oil-water emulsion.
  • the flow direction of the oil-water emulsified stream passing through the ultrasonic action zone may be the same as the direction of the central axis of the ultrasonic action zone; it is preferable that the downstream ultrasonic waves and the countercurrent ultrasonic waves are in the ultrasonic active zone with uniform sound intensity.
  • the sound intensity of the countercurrent ultrasonic wave is not less than that of the downstream ultrasonic wave.
  • the sound intensity of the countercurrent ultrasonic wave is not more than 0.8 W / cm 2 , and most preferably not more than 0.5 W / cm 2 .
  • the present invention also provides a demulsification device for implementing the above method.
  • the demulsification device includes at least one ultrasonic action zone through which oil-water emulsion flows, and an upstream end of the ultrasonic action zone is provided with At least one first ultrasonic probe for generating downstream ultrasonic waves in the same direction as the flow direction of the oil-water emulsion, and at least one second ultrasonic probe is installed at the downstream end of the ultrasonic action zone, for generating a direction opposite to the flow direction of the oil-water emulsion
  • an ultrasonic generator is connected to the first and second ultrasonic probes through an ultrasonic power line, so that the first and second ultrasonic probes can be driven to generate forward-current ultrasonic waves and countercurrent ultrasonic waves.
  • the ultrasonic action zone may be a pipe structure and connected to other oil-water emulsion pipes on the production and processing line.
  • the ultrasonic action zone may be a pipe structure with a constant diameter or a pipe structure with a variable diameter. .
  • the present invention essentially provides a method and a device for demulsifying an oil-water emulsion through a combined action of a co-current and a counter-current ultrasonic wave, wherein the co-current and counter-current ultrasonic waves are used in combination for the oil-water emulsion and the ultrasonic wave
  • the direction of action of the oil and water emulsion is basically parallel to the flow direction of the oil and water emulsion.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a process flow chart of ultrasonic demulsification-electric desalting and dehydration of oil-water emulsion in crude oil by the method of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a process flow chart of ultrasonic demulsification-sedimentation dehydration of high water-containing crude oil or high water-containing sewage oil by using the method of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a process flow chart of ultrasonic demulsification-electrorefining dehydration of distillate oil using the method of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a method for demulsifying an oil-water emulsion by ultrasonic action, which includes the step of flowing the oil-water emulsion through at least one ultrasonic action region 6 in a flow direction 7, which is characterized in that:
  • at least one first ultrasound probe 2 provided at the upstream end 61 of the ultrasound action zone 6 generates a downstream ultrasonic wave 3 in the same direction as the oil-water emulsion flow direction 7, and at least one setting
  • the second ultrasonic probe 4 at the downstream end 62 of the ultrasonic action zone 6 generates a countercurrent ultrasonic wave 5 which is opposite to the flow direction 7 of the oil-water emulsion.
  • the downstream ultrasonic wave 3 and the countercurrent ultrasonic wave 5 act simultaneously on the flow.
  • the central axis direction of the ultrasonic action zone 6 coincides with the flow direction 7 of the oil-water emulsion stream passing through the ultrasonic action zone 6.
  • Downstream ultrasonic waves 3 and countercurrent ultrasonic waves 5 propagate in the ultrasonic active region 6 with a uniform sound intensity.
  • the sound intensity of the countercurrent ultrasonic waves 5 can be selected generally not more than 0.8 W / cm 2 , and preferably not more than 0.5 W. / cm 2 .
  • the sound intensity of the countercurrent ultrasonic wave 5 can be selected to be generally not less than the sound intensity of the downstream ultrasonic wave 3, which is conducive to demulsification of the oil-water emulsion, otherwise it may cause oil-water emulsification, which is not conducive to the desalting and dehydration of the oil-water.
  • the demulsification device for implementing the above method provided by the present invention includes at least one ultrasonic action zone 6 for allowing oil-water emulsion to flow therethrough, and at least an upstream end 61 of the ultrasonic action zone 6 is installed at least A first ultrasonic probe 2 is used to generate a downstream ultrasonic wave 3 in the same direction as the oil-water emulsion flow direction 7.
  • At least one second ultrasonic probe 4 is installed at the downstream end 62 of the ultrasonic action zone 6 for generating oil-water Emulsion flow direction 7 countercurrent ultrasonic waves 5, the ultrasonic generator 1 is connected to the first ultrasonic probe 2 and the second ultrasonic probe 4 through an ultrasonic power line, so that the first and second ultrasonic probes can be driven to generate Stream ultrasound 3 and counter-current ultrasound 5.
  • the ultrasonic action zone 6 is a pipeline structure and can be connected to other oil-water emulsion pipelines on the production processing line.
  • the ultrasonic wave acting area 6 is a pipe-type structure having a constant diameter.
  • the ultrasonic action zone 6 may also be a pipe-like structure having a varying diameter.
  • a reduced-diameter pipe structure is adopted, in which the diameters at both ends are larger and the diameters at the middle are smaller.
  • Reducing pipe structures with smaller diameters at both ends and larger intermediate diameters can also be used.
  • various reducing pipe structures with large diameters at one end and small diameters at the other end can also be used. form.
  • the cross section of the pipe can be various shapes, such as circular, square, etc.
  • the ultrasonic action zone 6 and the oil-water pipeline can be connected through various connection methods in the prior art, such as welding or flanges.
  • the ultrasonic generator 1 supplies the first ultrasonic probe 2 and the second ultrasonic probe 4 with power and energy so that they respectively generate corresponding ultrasonic waves substantially parallel to the flow direction 7, which can be achieved by various methods and structures known in the prior art. achieve.
  • the installation directions of the first ultrasonic probe 2 and the second ultrasonic probe 4 require that the directions of the downstream ultrasonic waves 3 and the countercurrent ultrasonic waves 5 generated by them are substantially parallel to the flow direction 7 of the oil-water emulsion, and the flow direction 7 interacts with the ultrasonic waves.
  • the central axis of the pipe in zone 6 is substantially parallel.
  • the oil-water emulsion passed through the ultrasonic action zone 6 from the pipeline can be well demulsified, and the oil-water mixture after demulsification is separated and dehydrated under the action of an electric field.
  • the co-current and counter-current ultrasonic waves 3 and the counter-current ultrasonic wave 5 in the same direction as the oil-water emulsion flow direction 7 interact with each other to affect the oil-water emulsion.
  • the ultrasonic action zone 6 is a pipe-type structure, in the direction of ultrasonic radiation, the reflecting surface of the ultrasonic action zone has no curved surface structure, which prevents the focusing and superposition of ultrasonic waves, and prevents oil and water emulsification.
  • This ultrasonic action zone can generate uniform sound intensity ultrasonic waves acting on the growth time in the pipeline in which the oil-water emulsion flows, and achieve better desalination and dehydration effects.
  • the choice of the frequency of ultrasonic waves has little effect on the effect of oil and water desalination and dehydration.
  • the frequency is high and the ultrasonic waves are easily attenuated. Therefore, it is generally appropriate to use 0.1-50KHz ultrasound.
  • more than two ultrasonic action zones can be set in series or in parallel to meet different production requirements.
  • the method or device according to the present invention provides an ultrasonic action zone capable of generating uniform sound intensity, and the ultrasonic action zone can prolong the ultrasonic action time.
  • the axial direction of the ultrasonic action zone is consistent with the flow direction of oil and water.
  • the ultrasonic wave propagates to the far end of the pipe without superposition and focusing. It prolongs the action time of the ultrasonic wave, generates ultrasonic waves with uniform sound intensity, destroys the oil-water emulsified structure, and improves the dehydration effect. .
  • the invention can be used in the processing of crude oil in refineries, that is, in the process of electric desalting and dehydration of crude oil, in the process of electric dehydration in gasoline, in the process of electric dehydration in kerosene, in the process of electric dehydration in diesel oil, in the process of denitrification of lubricating oil, Electrodesalination of saline wastewater In the oil-containing recovery and dehydration process, and in the crude oil recovery and dehydration process of crude oil at the bottom of crude oil tanks, the present invention can also be applied to the sedimentation and dehydration process of water-containing crude oil in oil field crude oil extraction, and the electric oil desalination and dehydration process of oil field crude oil.
  • Figure 3 is a process flow chart of ultrasonic demulsification-electric desalting and dehydration of oil-water emulsion in crude oil by the method of the present invention.
  • the ultrasonic action device 8 which includes the ultrasonic action zone 6 and the first and second ultrasonic probes 2, 4
  • the oil-water emulsified structure is demulsified, and then enters the electric desalination.
  • the tank 9 performs desalination and dehydration under the action of a high-voltage electric field. Through sedimentation and separation, crude oil flows out of the upper part of the electric desalination tank 9 and water flows out of the lower part to achieve the best desalination and dehydration effect.
  • the industrial application test of the method and device of the present invention is performed in the first-stage electric desalination process.
  • the first-stage electric desalination and water injection are 5%, and the simple electric desalination operation of the second-stage electric desalination is not changed. Electrodesalination is only 3%.
  • the voltage of the first-stage electric desalting is lower than that of the second-stage electric desalting, and the current is higher.
  • the voltage of the secondary electric desalting was lower and the current was higher.
  • the current I 193 215 203 216 231 222 compares the voltage and current indication values of the first-stage electric desalination using the present invention and the second-stage electric desalination not using the present invention during the comparison test. It can be seen that the ultrasonic effect of the present invention reduces the electric desalination current. , Increasing the electric desalination voltage has an effect. Generally, reducing the electric desalination current can reduce the electric desalination power consumption.
  • Fig. 4 is a process flow chart of ultrasonic demulsification-sedimentation dehydration of high water-containing crude oil or high water-containing sewage oil by using the method of the present invention.
  • this highly water-containing oil-water emulsion passes through the ultrasonic action zone device 8 and the oil-water emulsified structure is demulsified, and then recycled into the sewage oil sedimentation tank 10 for sedimentation and dehydration under the action of gravity. After the bottom of the tank is drained, crude oil and slop oil are recovered.
  • Fig. 5 is a process flow chart of ultrasonic demulsification-electrorefining dehydration of distillate oil using the method of the present invention.
  • an embodiment of the process of applying the method and device of the present invention can be applied to gasoline electric refining and dehydration processes, kerosene electric refining and dehydration process, and diesel electric refining and demulsification process.
  • Process and demulsification and dehydration of lubricating oil denitrification and electric refining As shown in FIG. 5, after each of the foregoing oil separators passes through the ultrasonic action zone device 8, the oil-water emulsified structure is demulsified, and then enters the electric refining tank 11 to continue dehydration, sedimentation, and drainage under the action of a high-voltage field.
  • the method and device of the present invention that implement the combined effect of countercurrent and countercurrent under the same ultrasonic sound intensity test have reduced the salt content of crude oil by about 50%.
  • the method and device of the combined effect of the downstream, reverse, and flow ultrasonics of the present invention can reduce the oil content of sewage after crude oil desalination by about 50%.
  • the implementation effect of the single countercurrent ultrasonic-electric desalination unit is equivalent to the oil content of wastewater after crude oil desalination.
  • the implementation effect of the single downstream co-current ultrasonic-electric desalination unit increased the oil content of polluted ice after crude oil desalination by about 40%, which caused a certain degree of oil-water emulsification.
  • the method and device of the combined effect of the downstream and countercurrent ultrasonic wave according to the present invention can significantly reduce the oil storage capacity of the sewage after desalination compared with the single countercurrent and single downstream ultrasonic and electric desalination device.

Description

通过超声波作用使油水乳化物破乳的方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过超声波作用使油水乳化物破乳的方法及 装置。
背景技术
在油田开采原油的过程中， 通过;主入大量的水和表面活性剂 或通过机械作用而使原油形成油和水的乳化结构。 从地下采出的 原油有时含水量高达 90 %以上。 为了 6油和水分离， 关键是使油 水乳化物结构破乳。 首先， 油田采出^原油要经过沉降脱水工序， 脱水效果好坏的关键是使油水乳化物破乳的效果。 其次， 油田输 送至炼油厂的原油有含盐量的指标要求， 需要再次注入新鲜水进 行一至三级的注水-洗盐 -电场脱水一脱盐的电脱盐过程， 其中 涉及使油水乳化物结构破乳而使油水分离从而脱水的过程， 最终 达到脱盐的指标要求。
在对原油进行加工的过程中， 从油田输送来的原油本身含有 水， 这种水一般在原油中以乳化方式存在。 除此以外， 原油进入 炼厂第一道加工工序就是一至三级的注水 -洗盐 -电场脱水一脱 盐的电脱盐过程， 在该过程中会再次形成新的乳化结构。 要达到 较好的脱盐效果， 关键是破坏这两种类型的油水乳化结构。 另夕卜， 在炼油厂， 对原油罐底沉降下来的罐威污油进行回收的过程中需 要破乳脱水， 对从原油中通过电脱盐脱除的含盐污水进行回收的 过程中需要破乳脱水， 汽油、 煤油及柴油的电精制过程中需要破 乳脱水， 润滑油脱氮电精制过程中也需要破乳脱水。
目前， 使油水乳化物破乳脱水的方法主要包括下列方式： 加 热、 加高压电场、 加破乳剂及它们的复合作用。 但随着原油品质 的变差， 用这些方法处理复杂的乳化稳定的油水乳化物的效果不 够好， 已经无法满足生产需要。 超声波作为一种能量， 能够在可 流动的油水乳化物中传播， 并且对油和盐水两种不同的介盾产生 相对位移作用， 因此， 出现了利用超声波辅助其他脱盐和脱水过 程的方法， 用于满足生产的需要。
1998年 11月 4 日公开的公告号为 CN2296230Y的实用新型 专利公开了一种通过超声波作用使油水乳化物破乳的技术，其中， 超声波探头的安装方向与超声波作用区轴线方向垂直， 使得超声 波作用的方向与油水乳化物的流动方向垂直， 因此， 油水乳化物 在超声波作用区的停留时间短， 而且， '当超声波作用区为圆管时， 由于圆管的内弧面会使得超声波经反射而聚焦， 因此容易产生局 部过大的声强， 使得超声波作用区中的超声波强度不均匀， 反而 容易引起油水的乳化。
1999年申请的美国发明专利 U.S.P5, 885,424公开了一种超声 波作用区结构，其中，超声波探头安装在一个扁平的矩形盒子上， 因此， 超声波作用区是一矩形区域， 探头安装在管道的上外表面 或下外表面。 采用这种结构， 通过矩形盒子的外表面， 适当增大 了超声波的作用面积， 使超声波的作用时间有所延长， 但由于超 声波作用方向与油水乳化物流动方向垂直， 超声波作用时间仍然 比较短， 作用效果不明显， 没有工业应用价值。 到目前为止， 还 没有应用到工业连续生产工艺上的成功技术。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术中的上述缺陷， 提出一种通过 超声波作用使油水乳化物破乳的方法及装置， 以便能够解决上述 现有技术中所存在的超声波容易聚焦而不均匀、 作用区域面积小 或作用时间短的问题， 从而增强使油水乳化物破乳的效果， 实现 通过超声波作用使油水乳化物破乳的工业应用。
为此， 本发明提供了一种通过超声波作用使油水乳化物破乳 的方法， 其中包括使油水乳化物沿一流动方向流经至少一个超声 波作用区的步骤， 其特征在于： 在超声波作用区内， 通过至少一 个设置在超声波作用区的上游端的第一超声波探头而产生与油水 乳化物流动方向同向的顺流超声波， 同时， 通过至少一个设置在 超声波作用区的下游端的第二超声波探头而产生与油水乳化物流 动方向反向的逆流超声波， 顺流超声波和逆流超声波同时作用于 流经超声波作用区的油水乳化物， 从而使油水乳化物破乳。
其中， 还可进一步采取下列优选方式： 油水乳化物流经超声 波作用区的所述流动方向可与超声波作用区的中轴线方向一致； 顺流超声波和逆流超声波最好以均匀的声强在超声波作用区内传 播， 逆流超声波的声强不小于顺流超声波的声强。 优选是， 逆流 超声波的声强不大于 0.8W/cm2， 最好是不大于 0.5W/cm2。
本发明还提供了一种用于实施上述方法的破乳装置， 该破乳 装置包括至少一个用于使油水乳化物在其中流过的超声波作用 区， 其中， 在超声波作用区的上游端安装有至少一个第一超声波 探头， 用于产生与油水乳化物流动方向同向的顺流超声波， 在超 声波作用区的下游端安装有至少一个笫二超声波探头， 用于产生 与油水乳化物流动方向反向的逆流超声波， 一超声波发生器通过 超声波功率线而与第一和第二超声波探头相连， 从而可驱动第一 和第二超声波探头产生顺流超声波和逆流超声波。
其中， 超声波作用区可为管道式结构并与生产处理线上的其 它油水乳化物管道相连接， 其中， 该超声波作用区可为具有恒定 直径的管道式结构， 也可采取变径的管道式结构。
由此可见， 本发明实质上提供了一种通过顺流和逆流超声波 联合作用而使油水乳化物破乳的方法及装置， 其中， 由顺流超声 波和逆流超声波联合作用于油水乳化物， 且超声波的作用方向与 油水乳化物的流动方向基本平行， 从而大大延长了油水乳化物受 到超声波作用的时间， 从而能够使油水乳化物充分破乳。
附图说明
图 1是本发明的一种实施例的示意图；
图 2是本发明的第二实施例的示意图；
图 3是利用本发明的方法对原油中的油水乳化物进行超声波 破乳-电脱盐脱水的工艺流程图。
图 4是利用本发明的方法对高含水原油或高含水污油进行超 声波破乳 -沉降脱水的工艺流程图。
图 5是利用本发明的方法对馏分油进行超声波破乳 -电精制 脱水的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
参看图 1 , 本发明提供了一种通过超声波作用使油水乳化物 破乳的方法， 其中包括使油水乳化物沿一流动方向 7流经至少一 个超声波作用区 6的步骤， 其特征在于： 在超声波作用区 6内， 通过至少一个设置在超声波作用区 6的上游端 61处的第一超声波 探头 2而产生与所述油水乳化物流动方向 7同向的顺流超声波 3， 同时，通过至少一个设置在所述超声波作用区 6的下游端 62处的 第二超声波探头 4而产生与所述油水乳化物流动方向 7反向的逆 流超声波 5, 所述顺流超声波 3和逆流超声波 5同时作用于流经 所述超声波作用区 6的油水乳化物，从而使所述油水乳化物破乳。
在图 1所示实施例中， 超声波作用区 6的中轴线方向与油水 乳化物流经超声波作用区 6的所述流动方向 7—致。 顺流超声波 3和逆流超声波 5以均匀的声强在超声波作用区 6内传播， 其中， 优选是， 逆流超声波 5的声强可选择一般不大于 0.8W/cm2， 最好 是不大于 0.5W/cm2。逆流超声波 5的声强可选择一般不小于顺流 超声波 3的声强， 这样有利于油水乳化物破乳， 反之可能造成油 水乳化， 不利于油水的脱盐脱水。 参看图 1， 本发明所提供的用于实施上述方法的破乳装置包 括至少一个用于使油水乳化物在其中流过的超声波作用区 6, 在 超声波作用区 6的上游端 61处安装有至少一个第一超声波探头 2， 用于产生与油水乳化物流动方向 7同向的顺流超声波 3， 在超 声波作用区 6的下游端 62处安装有至少一个笫二超声波探头 4, 用于产生与油水乳化物流动方向 7反向的逆流超声波 5, —超声 波发生器 1通过超声波功率线而与笫一超声波探头 2和第二超声 波探头 4相连， 从而可驱动所述第一和第二超声波探头产生顺流 超声波 3和逆流超声波 5。
在本实施例中， 超声波作用区 6为管道式结构并可与生产处 理线上的其它油水乳化物管道相连接。 在图 1所示实施例中， 超 声波作用区 6为具有恒定直径的管道式结构。 超声波作用区 6也 可以是具有变化的直径的管道式结构。 例如， 在图 2所示实施例 中采用的是一种变径式管道结构， 其两端部分的直径较大、 而中 间部分的直径较小。 也可采用两端直径较小而中间直径较大的变 径式管道结构， 当然还可以采用一端直径大而另一端直径小的变 径式管道结构等各种在现有技术中通常采用的结构形式。 管道的 截面可以是各种形状， 如圆形、 方形等。 超声波作用区 6与油水 管线可以通过焊接或法兰等现有技术中的多种连接方式进行连 接。
超声波发生器 1供给第一超声波探头 2和第二超声波探头 4 功率能量而使其分别产生相应的基本与流动方向 7 平行的超声 波，这可通过现有技术中已知的多种方式和结构来实现。 图 1中， 笫一超声波探头 2和第二超声波探头 4的安装方向要求其所产生 的顺流超声波 3和逆流超声波 5的方向与油水乳化物的流动方向 7基本平行， 流动方向 7与超声波作用区 6管道的中轴线方向基 本平行。 在逆流和顺流超声波联合作用下， 由管道中输入的通过超声 波作用区 6的油水乳化物能够很好地破乳， 破乳后的油水混合物 在电场作用下沉降分离而脱水。
分别与油水乳化物流动方向 7同向和反向的顺流超声波 3和 逆流超声波 5相互联合对油水乳化物发生作用。 因超声波作用区 6 为管道式结构， 因而在超声波辐射的方向上， 超声波作用区的 反射面无曲面结构， 防止了产生超声波的聚焦和叠加， 防止导致 油水乳化。 这种超声波作用区能够在油水乳化物流动的管道中产 生长时间作用的均匀声强的超声波， 达到较好的脱盐脱水效果。
一般情况下， 超声波的频率选择对油水脱盐脱水的效果影响 不大， 频率较高， 超声波容易衰减。 因此一般采用 0.1 - 50KHz 的超声波比较适宜。 根据不同的生产情况， 为了延长流动状态下 的原油的超声波作用时间， 可以设置两个以上的超声波作用区串 联或并联， 用来满足不同的生产要求。
与现有技术相比， 根据本发明的方法或装置， 提供了一种能 够产生均匀声强的超声波作用区， 该超声波作用区能够延长超声 波作用时间。 超声波作用区的轴线方向与油水的流动方向一致， 超声波向管道的远端传播， 不产生叠加和聚焦， 延长了超声波的 作用时间， 产生均匀声强的超声波， 破坏油水乳化结构， 提高了 脱水效果。 经工业试验表明， 与单纯的电脱盐方法相比， 通过这 种油水超声波 -电脱盐的方法，油水脱盐后含益可由 5-10mg/l 降 低到 l-4mg/l。 脱后原油含水由原来的 0.4-0.8%降低到 0.1-0.4%。 用本发明的方法和装置处理高含水污油或高含水原油， 排水含油 可降低约 50%以上。
本发明可用于炼厂原油加工过程中， 即原油电脱盐脱水工艺 中、 汽油电精制脱水工艺中、 煤油电精制脱水工艺中、 柴油电精 制脱水工艺中、 润滑油脱氮电精制脱水工艺中、 电脱盐含盐污水 含油的回收脱水工艺中、 原油罐底污油的原油回收脱水工艺中， 本发明也可用于油田原油开采中含水原油的沉降脱水工艺、 油田 原油电脱盐脱水工艺。
图 3是利用本发明的方法对原油中的油水乳化物进行超声波 破乳―电脱盐脱水的工艺流程图。
如图 3所示， 炼厂或油田的原油通过超声波作用装置 8 (其 中包含了超声波作用区 6和第一及第二超声波探头 2、 4 )后， 油 水乳化结构破乳， 然后， 进入电脱盐罐 9， 在高压电场的作用下 进行脱盐脱水， 通过沉降分离， 原油从电脱盐罐 9上部流出， 水 从下部流出， 达到最佳的脱盐脱水效果。
( 1 )下面列出了在某炼厂电脱盐装置上应用本发明方法进 亍 工业试验的脱盐脱水效果。
(a) 试验前未采用本发明的工业生产情况 试猃时间 原油脱盐脱水后含盐 原油脱盐脱水后含水
2003年 6月 10日 5 mg/l 0.4%
2003年 6月 11 日 6mg/l 0.4%
2003年 6月 ： 13 日 10mg/I 0.7%
2003年 6月 20曰 5mg/I 0.5%
2003年 6月 21 日 7mg/l 0.4%
2003年 7月 22日 5mg/l 0.5%
2003年 6月 23日 7mg/l 0.4%
2003年 7月 1 曰 10rag/I 0.8%
(b)采用本发明的工业试验结果 试验时间 原油脱盐脱水后含盐 原油脱盐脱水后舍水 2003年 6月 13日 1.6 mg/1 0.2%
2003年 6月 14日 2.6mg/I 0.3%
2003年 6月 15日 2.5mg/l 0.1%
2003年 6月 16日 2.7mg/l 0.2%
2003年 7月 2曰 2.8mg/I 0.2%
2003年 7月 3日 3.2mg/I 0.3%
2003年 7月 4日 4.0mg/I 0.2%
2003年 7月 5日 1.8mg/l 0.1%
2003年 7月 15日 2.5mg/l 0.3%
2003年 7月 16日 2.7mg/l 0.2% 比较 (a)組与（b)组数据， 可以看出， 本发明的方法及装置应用 于电脱盐脱水中， 可以降低原油脱后含盐约 50%， 原油脱后含水 约降低 50%。
(2) 在某炼厂电脱盐装置上应用本发明方法， 明显增大了电 脱盐电压， 降低了电脱盐电流， 节省了电脱盐的电功率消耗。
在不改变其它生产条件的情况下， 在一级电脱盐过程中进行 本发明方法及装置的工业应用试验， 一级电脱盐注水 5 % , 不改 变二级电脱盐单纯的电脱盐操作， 二级电脱盐注水只有 3 %。 一 般地，原油乳化较严重时， 一级电脱盐比二级电脱盐的电压较低， 电流较高。 在试验期间， 二级电脱盐的电压较低， 电流较高。
通过以下一些数据显示工业试验期间的一些有益效杲： 试验时间 采用本发明的 未采用本发明的
一级电脱盐 二级电脱盐
2003年 6月 13 日 9:00 电压 v 348 360 350 348 364 354 电流 I 189 249 230 249 268 252
2003年 6月 14日 9:00 电压 V 367 367 363 239 65 258
电流 I 163 228 185 358 528 375
2003年 6月 15日 9:00 电压 V 344 355 354 154 58 224
电流 I 197 255 233 384 530 419
2003年 6月 16日 9:00 电压 V 340 328 344 27 29 30
电流 I 207 291 229 445 529 446
2003年 7月 2日 9:00 电压 V 301 322 307 285 280 285
电流 I 283 317 296 328 387 327
2003年 7月 3日 9:00 电压 V 337 354 336 324 342 327
电流 I 253 275 262 282 303 284
2003年 7月 4日 9:00 电压 V 373 384 365 363 375 366
电流 I 193 215 203 216 231 222 比较试验期间采用本发明的一级电脱盐与不采用本发明的二 级电脱盐的电压和电流指示值比较可以看出， 本发明的超声波作 用对降低电脱盐电流、 增大电脱盐电压具有作用。 一般的， 降低 电脱盐电流就能降低电脱盐电耗。
图 4是利用本发明的方法对高含水原油或高含水污油进行超 声波破乳 -沉降脱水的工艺流程图。
如图 4所示， 在沉降罐 10中的原油罐底污油、 高含水污油、 原油电脱益后排出的高含油污水以及油田从井下采出高含水原 油， 乳化物含水高达 5 %以上， 有的甚至高达 90%以上， 这种高 含水油水乳化物， 通过超声波作用区装置 8后， 油水乳化结构破 乳，然后，再循环进入污油沉降罐 10中进行重力作用下沉降脱水， 罐底排水后， 回收原油和污油。
以下列出了釆用本发明的方法和装置后， 电脱盐脱后含盐污 水含油的回收中产生的效果。
(1)沉降含盐污水含油回收时的排水含油情况：
2003年 7月 1日 Ί %
2003年 7月 6日 10%
2003年 7月 7日 9%
2003年 7月 8日 10%
2003年 7月 9日 10%
(2)应用于本发明方法及装置， 含盐污水含油回收时的排水含 油试验情况：
2003年 7月 2日 3.5 %
2003年 7月 3日 4%
2003年 7月 4日 4%
2003年 7月 5日 4%
比较 (1)组与 (2)组的数据， 可以看出， 本发明的方法及装置应 用于罐式沉降脱水中， 可以降低排水含油 50%以上。
图 5是利用本发明的方法对馏分油进行超声波破乳 -电精制 脱水的工艺流程图。
图 5所示， 在馏分油电精制中， 应用本发明的方法及装置的 流程的实施方案， 可应用于汽油电精制破 ^脱水工艺、 煤油电精 制破乳脱水工艺、 柴油电精制破乳脱水工艺以及润滑油脱氮电精 制的破乳脱水中。 图 5中示出， 前述各愤分油通过超声波作用区 装置 8后， 油水乳化结构破乳， 然后， 进入电精制罐 11 中在高 压电场作用下继续脱水、 沉降、 排水。
下面对采用本发明的方法通过顺流和遮流超声波的联合作用 所产生的破乳效果与通过单向的顺流超声 或逆流超声波所产生 的破乳效果进行实验比较：
以图 3所示对原油进行超声波 -电脱 的技术方案为例， 关 闭第一超声波探头 2或第二超声波探头 4就可以进行单方向超声 波作用的试验。 与单逆流或单；顷流的技术方案相比， 顺流和逆流 联合作用能够较好地使油水乳化物破乳， 能够较好地降低原油脱 后含盐， 能够较好地降低脱后原油含水， 而且能够较好地降低脱 后污水中含油。
(1) 频率 20KHz， 顺流-逆流联合、 单逆流、 单顺流超声波 -电脱盐装置脱盐效果的比较结果如下： 声强 顺流-逆流联合 单逆流 单顺流
0.5 W/cm2 1.2mg/I 3.5mg/I 4.5mg/l
0.4 W/cm2 1.5mg/l 4.0mg/l 5.0mg/l
0.3 W/cm2 2.1 mg/I 4.4mg/I 5.1 mg/1
0.2 W/cm2 2.8 mg/I 4.7mg/I 5.6mg/I
0.1 W/cm2 3.1 mg/1 5.6mg/l 6.2mg/l 不施加超声波作用时，对原油电脱盐后， 含盐约 8mg/l。
在同一超声波声强下试验， 实施顺流和逆流联合作用的本发 明的方法及其装置， 与单逆流或单顺流相比， 原油电脱盐脱后含 盐降低约 50 %。顺流和逆流超声波联合作用的超声波 -电脱盐联 合装置， 原油脱盐后含盐明显比单顺流或单逆流低。
(2) 频率 20KHz, 顺流-逆流联合、 单逆流、 单顺流超声波 -电脱盐装置脱水效果的比较结果如下： 声强 顺流 -逆流联合 单逆流 单顺流
0.5 W/cm2 0.18 % 0.32 % 0.45 %
0.4 W/cm2 0.19 % 0.41 % 0.48 %
0.3 W/cm2 0.22 % 0.43 % 0.51 % 0.2 W/cm2 0.25 % 0.46 % 0.58 %
0.1 W/cm2 0.30 % 0.59 % 0.66 % 不施加超声波作用时，对原油进行电脱盐后含水约 0.8 %。 由此可见， 在同一超声波声强下试臉， 采用顺流和逆流超声 波联合作用的本发明的方法及其装置与单逆流或单顺流超声波相 比， 对原油电脱盐后含水降低约 40-60 %。 在采用顺流和逆流超 声波联合作用的超声波 -电脱盐联合装置的情况下， 原油脱水后 含氷量明显比单顺流或卑逆流低， 脱水效果好。
(3) 频率 20KHZ, 顺流 -逆流联合、 单逆流、 单顺流超声波 -电脱盐装置脱盐后污水含油情况比较结果如下：
本发明的顺流 -逆、流超声波联合作用的方法及装置的实施效 果与单纯的电脱盐相比， 能够使原油脱盐后的污水含油降低约 50
%。
单逆流超声波一电脱盐联合装置的实施效果与单纯的电脱盐 相比， 原油脱盐后的污水含油量相当。
单顺流超声波-电脱盐联合装置的实施效果与单纯的电脱盐 相比， 原油脱盐后的污氷含油量反而上升约 40 %， 造成一定程度 的油水乳化。
由此可见， 本发明的顺流 -逆流超声波联合作用的方法及装 置的实施效果与单逆流、 单顺流超声波 -电脱盐装置相比， 能够 显著降低脱盐后污水的舍油量。

Claims

1. 一种通过超声波作用使油水乳化物破乳的方法， 其中包括 使油水乳化物沿一流动方向流经至少一个超声波作用区的步骤 , 其特征在于： 在所述超声波作用区内， 通过至少一个设置在所述 超声波作用区的上游端的第一超声波探头而产生与所述油水乳化 物流动方向同向的顺流超声波， 同时， 通过至少一个设置在所述 超声波作用区的下游端的第二超声波探头而产生与所述油水乳化 物流动方向反向的逆流超声波， 所述顺流超声波和逆流超声波同 时作用于流经所述超声波作用区的油水乳化物， 从而使所述油水 乳化物破乳。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述超声波作 用区的中轴线方向与所述油水乳化物流经所述超声波作用区的所 述流动方向一致。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述顺流超声 波和逆流超声波以均匀的声强在所述超声波作用区内传播， 所述 逆流超声波的声强不小于所述顺流超声波的声强。
4. 根据权利要求 1至 3之一所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述 逆流超声波的声强不大于 0.8W/cm2。
5. . 根据权利要求 4所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述逆流超声 波的声强不大于 0.5W/cm2。 .
6. 一种用于实施如权利要求 1所述的方法的破乳装置， 该破 乳装置包括至少一个用于使油水乳化物在其中流过的超声波作用 区， 其特征在于， 在所述超声波作用区的上游端安装有至少一个 第一超声波探头， 用于产生与所述油水乳化物流动方向同向的顺 流超声波， 在所迷超声波作用区的下游端安装有至少一个第二超 声波探头， 用于产生与所述油水乳化物流动方向反向的逆流超声 波， 一超声波发生器通过超声波功率线而与所述第一和第二超声 波探头相连， 从而可驱动所述第一和第二超声波探头产生所述顺 流超声波和逆流超声波。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的破乳装置， 其特征在于， 所述超声 波作用区为管道式结构并与生产处理线上的其它油水乳化物管道 相连揍。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的破乳装置， 其特征在于， 所述超声 波作用区为具有恒定直径的管道式结构。
9. 冲艮据权利要求 7所述的破乳装置， 其特征在于， 所述超声 波作用区为具有变化的直径的管道式结构。
PCT/CN2004/000993 2003-08-27 2004-08-27 Procede et dispositif permettant de desemulsionner une emulsion huile-eau par application d'ultrasons WO2005030360A1 (fr)

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