WO2005061777A1

WO2005061777A1 - Material for protective clothing

Info

Publication number: WO2005061777A1
Application number: PCT/EP2004/014493
Authority: WO
Inventors: Wolfgang Hohma; Werner STÜBIGER; Rüdiger John
Original assignee: W.L. Gore & Associates Gmbh
Priority date: 2003-12-22
Filing date: 2004-12-20
Publication date: 2005-07-07
Also published as: DE20321511U1; DE10361063A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a fire-retardant material for protective clothing, comprising a fluorescent dye according to EN 471 (2003). Said material is provided with air-permeable interstices and a flame-resistant fiber material. A silicone material that is filled with luminescent pigments coats the material in such a way that the interstices remain open so as to allow air to penetrate. The quantity of silicone material and luminescent pigments used is matched such that the requirements regarding the luminescent dye and the brightness according to EN 471 (2003) are met while a lasting coating is obtained.

Description

MATERIAL FOR PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

The invention relates to a mel functional material, in particular for protective clothing. The multifunctional material is flame retardant and has a fluorescent color. The material according to the invention can thus be used in clothing for the functions of flame protection and warning effect.

Protective clothing must have a variety of properties depending on its area of application. The protective clothing can consist of several individual items of clothing or can also be a single single or multi-layer item of clothing.

In the fire service area, materials and material combinations are required for use in protective clothing that effectively protect against water vapor, flames, escaping and splashing chemicals, wind and rain. In addition, the materials should be breathable to reduce the risk of heat build-up. The minimum requirements for the materials used in firefighting clothing are laid down in international standards. For example, the standard DLN EN 533 (1997) defines materials and material combinations with limited flame spread in order to limit the possibility that the clothes start to burn and thereby become a danger itself. Such materials and material combinations usually contain flame-retardant fiber materials or are provided with flame-retardant equipment in the form of a protective layer. Materials for flame-retardant fiber materials are, for example, aramids, melamine resin fibers, polyamideimide, polyimide and PBI (polybenzimidazole). Permanently flame-resistant textile materials mainly contain these flame-retardant fibers. Furthermore, the firefighting clothing should be waterproof and permeable to water vapor in accordance with ISO11613 (1999). This is achieved, for example, by using a waterproof and water vapor-permeable functional layer, which is integrated in the materials and material combinations for firefighting clothing. The company WLGore & Associates GmbH in Putzbrunn, for example, offers material combinations that use textile flame-retardant materials and a waterproof and water vapor-permeable ePTFE (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) Have membrane. Such a material is offered, for example, under the name Gore-Tex® Fireblocker.

Protective clothing must also be warning clothing in many applications. Warning clothing is clothing that should be recognizable at all times.Therefore, in the European Union, the performance requirements for the warning color and retroreflection of materials are specified in the European standards EN 471 (2003) and EN 1150 (1999), as well as the minimum areas and the arrangement of the materials in the protective clothing. The warning color is defined by a fluorescent color in a defined color location and with a minimum luminance factor corresponding to the fluorescent color.

For years, there has been a problem with firefighting clothing that the functions of flame and heat protection and warning effect are not satisfactorily combined in one piece of clothing. Fire-fighting clothing made from flame-retardant fibers in particular does not meet the requirements of EN 471. This is due to the fact that flame-retardant fibers cannot be colored in fluorescent colors due to their chemical composition. Even if these fibers have a color, this color does not meet the requirements of EN 471 (2003) with regard to color location and luminance factor. In particular, fibers made from aramids, which have excellent flame-retardant properties and high temperature resistance, cannot be colored fluorescent. However, in 95% of firefighting clothing, the outer fabric consists of aramid fibers in accordance with ISO 11613 and EN 469.

The use of dyeable fibers is less suitable for firefighting clothing due to its low temperature resistance or melting properties. For example, polyester fabrics dyed in fluorescent colors are available on the market, but they have only a limited flame retardant effect [index 1 of EN 533 (1997)] and are therefore only of limited use for firefighting clothing. For this reason, firefighters wear different protective clothing depending on the type of emergency. In the event of a fire, flame-retardant protective clothing is worn without warning. In the event of a traffic accident, the firefighters, for example, wear additional warning vests in the appropriate warning colors or the firefighter clothing is equipped with additional warning strips sewn on. However, wearing additional vests is cumbersome and undesirable because the vests are not sufficiently flame-retardant or heat-resistant. The desired warning effect is not achieved with the sewn-on warning strips, since the warning strips cover very little area.

There is therefore a need for a material for use in protective clothing which is highly flame retardant and at the same time meets the requirements for warning clothing in accordance with EN 471.

WO 01/66851 AI describes a dirt-repellent protective clothing consisting of an air-permeable textile material made of a yarn material with a

Silicone coating. The silicone coating completely encases the yarn material, but leaves the openings in the yarn material substantially free. As a result, the coated material retains its air permeability and can be easily cleaned.

To achieve high conspicuity, the yarn material has a fluorescent color in accordance with the requirements of EN 471. However, it is also possible to use an undyed textile material if suitable dyes are added to the silicone before coating.

Textile coatings made from a silicone material are known. The silicone material can have various additives. For example, WO 96/36758 A2 describes a polymeric coating material made of silicone which contains additives such as

May contain colors and pigments.

However, such additives have a negative effect on durability and

Strength of the silicone coating, since the pigments increase the silicone elasticity and thus the

Reduce the strength of the silicone coating. A pure silicone material without additives has a high LOI (limited oxygen index) of 24-35 and thus has one

Resistance to flames. However, this resistance can be reduced by additives in the silicone material.

Neither WO 01/66851 AI nor WO 96/36758 A2 also describe a flame-retardant effect of the textile materials.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a material which is flame-retardant and has a highly visible warning effect, in particular according to EN 471 (2003). The material should be thermally and mechanically resistant as well as washable and cleanable. Protective clothing is also to be provided which is flame-retardant and has a highly visible warning effect. Such protective clothing should also offer weather protection and climate comfort. _ _;

According to the invention the object is achieved by the features of claim 1 and by the features of claim 26. The dependent claims indicate advantageous embodiments of the invention.

In a first aspect, the invention is directed to a flame-retardant material for use in protective clothing. The flame-retardant material has a textile fabric with a coating made of a silicone material. The

Sheets have at least one flame retardant fiber material without fluorescent color. The textile fabric contains spaces that are distributed in the fabric and penetrate it in such a way that air can pass through the fabric. The coating substantially completely covers the fabric except for the gaps that the

Silicone material not completely filled. The silicone material has a share of 40% to 75% of the material and contains a maximum of 30% luminous pigments. The proportion of luminescent pigments ensures high visibility and conspicuousness of the material.

The invention thus provides a material that is flame retardant and has a striking warning color. This overcomes a long-standing disadvantage in the prior art.

The fabric is preferably in the form of a woven fabric, knitted fabric or knitted fabric made from a yarn material. The yarn material has at least one yarn which is formed from fiber bundles consisting of many individual threads.

The proportion of flame-retardant fiber material in the fabric ensures that the material has protection against heat and flames. For this purpose, the fiber material has an LOI value of at least 25. The fabric has at least 50% flame-retardant fiber material. The flame-retardant fiber material is preferably aramid fabric or knitted fabric. In the context of the present invention, coating is understood to mean sheathing the individual yarns and / or threads of the textile fabric and their crossing points with a silicone material, the gaps remaining essentially free of silicone material. The sheathing of the yarns and / or threads represents a seal of the textile fabric.

The coating essentially completely encloses the yarn material as well as the crossing points of the yarns. This also prevents dirt from entering and being deposited between the individual threads. In addition, this arrangement prevents the absorption of oily dirt components by the fiber material, in particular, no oils or pigments can penetrate between the fiber bundles, so that the dirt-repellent properties of the material have been improved. Due to the smooth formation of the surface of the coating, any dirt that strikes it can easily be washed off during washing.

The coating made of silicon material supports the flame-retardant effect of the fabric, since the silicone material itself has a flame-retardant effect. The 40-75% proportion of the silicone material in the material according to the invention brings about a complete and permanent covering of the textile fabric, the gaps remaining open. At the same time, this amount of silicon is responsible for ensuring that there is sufficient carrier material for the luminescent pigments so that they can be arranged firmly and evenly on the fabric. The proportion of luminous pigments in the silicon material is chosen so that the flame-retardant properties of the material and the strength of the silicone coating are not adversely affected. At the same time, due to the proportion of luminescent pigments, the material is highly noticeable in relation to the surroundings. The luminous particles are evenly distributed in the silicon material and are evenly distributed over the textile surface of the fabric during the coating process. The luminous particles are completely embedded in the silicone material and thus adhere permanently to the textile fabric. The proportion of the luminous particles of a maximum of 30% in the silicon material ensures that the silicone elasticity, in particular in the case of mechanical stresses, is not reduced and that the flame-retardant properties of the material are not adversely affected. The luminescent pigments can have daytime luminescent pigments, afterglow pigments or mixtures of daytime luminescent and afterglow pigments. Preferably daylight pigments with the colors fluorescent yellow, fluorescent red or fluorescent orange-red are used. The silicone material should contain at least 8% daylight pigments. In one embodiment, the silicone material contains at least 8% fluorescent yellow daylight pigments. In a further embodiment, the silicone material contains at least 15% fluorescent orange-red daylight pigments. In particular, the requirements for the warning colors of the standards for warning clothing EN 471 (2003) and EN 1150 (1999) can be met, since both the color location and the minimum luminance factor of these standards are achieved. The material according to the invention thus represents a fluorescent background material for warning clothing. In particular, the material according to the invention fulfills the requirements for background material according to EN 471 and EN 1150.

At the same time, the material is flame retardant. According to the European standard EN 533 (1997), the highest index of 3 to be awarded is reached with regard to flame spread. This means that in the case of the material according to the invention, no flame propagation, no hole formation, no burning dripping, no afterglow and no afterburn time of> 2 s occurs when exposed to flame. The material according to the invention thus fulfills ISO 11613 (1999) for protective clothing for firefighters. A material for protective clothing for firefighters can thus be made available which has a warning function and offers protection against heat and flames. In particular, a sheet made of aramid fibers in warning colors in accordance with EN 471 can be made available for the first time.

The flame-retardant material according to the invention is also permeable to air, since the spaces between the flat structure are not closed by the silicone material. The gaps in the textile fabric are, for example, air-permeable openings which arise during the production of a woven, knitted or knitted fabric. The spaces can also be formed subsequently, for example, holes can be punched into the fleece in the case of a tightly pressed fleece. The gaps in the coated fabric have a width of 100 to 100 μm. The spaces between the coated material preferably form a width between 250 and 350 μm. The gaps therefore have an air permeability of> 300 l / m / s. Besides, they are Spaces for the removal of dirt when washing the material advantageous because the washing liquor can completely wash the material.

In a further aspect of the invention, a protective garment is constructed with the flame-retardant material according to the invention. Specifically, the protective garment has a flame-retardant material, the flame-retardant material has a textile fabric with a coating of a silicone material, the textile fabric contains at least one flame-retardant fiber material without fluorescent paint and contains gaps that are distributed in the textile fabric and this penetrate in such a way that air can pass through the textile fabric, the textile fabric is completely coated with the silicone material, but the silicone material does not completely fill the spaces in the fabric, the silicone material making up a proportion of 40% to 75% of the weight per unit area of the Material occupies and contains luminous pigments with a maximum of 30% based on the amount of silicone material.

In this way, flame-retardant protective clothing can be provided, which due to the high visibility of the luminous particles also represents warning clothing. No additional elements are required for the wearer to achieve a warning effect, especially in daylight. In particular, firefighters only need protective clothing for every kind of emergency.

The protective garment can be a coat, jacket, pants, vest, overalls, hat, shoes or gloves.

In one embodiment of the protective clothing, the flame-retardant material according to the invention additionally has a water vapor-permeable functional layer. This functional layer ensures a high breathability of the garment because sweat moisture in the form of water vapor is dissipated from the inside to the outside. The functional layer is arranged on the inside of the protective clothing. In a further embodiment, the water vapor-permeable functional layer is additionally watertight in order to make the garment watertight. Furthermore, the functional layer can additionally be windproof in order to enable the protective clothing to be made windproof. Preferably, the Functional layer a waterproof and water vapor permeable ePTFE (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) membrane.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to drawings:

Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the flame retardant according to the invention

material,

Fig. 2 shows a piece of warning clothing with the flame retardant according to the invention

3 shows a cross section through the warning clothing item in FIG. 2,

4 shows a microscope image of the raw material I before the coating process,

5 shows a microscope image of the coated raw material I,

6 shows the color locations for the coated samples 1 to 4,

Fig. 7 shows the color locations for the coated samples 1 to 4 in new condition and after the xenon test.

The present invention describes a material which is flame retardant and highly visible. In particular, the material according to the invention is a flame-retardant textile fabric which contains a silicone coating filled with luminous pigments, without the flame-retardant properties of the fabric deteriorating.

The material according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG. 1. The material 1 has a textile fabric 8 in the form of a woven fabric made of yarn material. The fabric has at least two yarns 2, which form the warp threads and weft threads and can consist of one thread material or of different thread materials. Spaces 4 are formed between the warp and weft threads, through which air can flow. The fabric contains a coating 3 made of a silicone material. The coating completely encases the yarns 2, but fills the interstices 4 completely, so that the interstices are air-permeable. The silicone material has luminous pigments 5 which are evenly distributed in the silicon material and which cover the surface of the yarns 2 after application to the fabric. In connection with the present invention, “textile fabric” is understood to mean a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a knitted fabric, a fleece and combinations thereof. The textile fabric has synthetic or natural fibers. Fiber mixtures of natural and synthetic fibers are also possible. The term "Fibers" includes filaments (fibers of undefined length) such as monofilaments or staple filaments. The fibers are preferably in the form of yarns. In this invention, “yarn” is understood to mean a continuous thread made of a plurality of fibers and / or filaments in a bundled form, usable for producing textiles by, for example, weaving or knitting. The linear density of the yarns used is preferably between 80 dtex and 300 dtex before coating.

Polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters, regenerated cellulose, cellulose acetate, rayons, acetates, acrylics, glass materials, modacryles, cotton, wool, silk, linen, jute and mixtures thereof can be used as materials for the flat structure.

For the flame-retardant property of the material according to the invention, the fabric has at least one flame-retardant fiber material in sufficient quantity. In one embodiment, at least 50% of the fabric has a flame-retardant fiber material in order to achieve a limited flame spread in accordance with the EN 533 (1997) standard. Such a fiber material can be selected from the group of materials containing aramids, polyimides, preox fibers, PBI or melamine resin fiber materials. A flame-retardant fiber material must be thermally stable. The flame-retardant fiber material is preferably formed from aramids. In one embodiment, the fabric consists of 100% aramid staple fibers. Aramids are extremely flame-retardant, thermally stable and tear-resistant and therefore particularly suitable for this invention. The flame-retardant fiber material is preferably in the form of yarn. A flame retardant fiber material can be characterized by the LOI value (Limited Oxygen Index). The LOI value corresponds to the minimum oxygen content with which the material is still burning. Polymer systems with LOI values of greater than 30-40% oxygen are self-extinguishing, ie inherently flame retardant. Technical polymers have a LOI value of 16-30%. In general, fibers with an LOI> 25 are classified as flame retardant. It is therefore desirable if the flame-retardant fiber material has an LOI value of at least 25. The above. Fibers achieve an LOI of 28-33, for example polyimide has an LOI of 38, PBI of 40 and Preox fibers even of 56-58. The LOI value for the individual fiber materials is available in the literature, for example in the Denkendorfer fiber chart of the Institute for Textile and Process Engineering, Denkendorf, Germany. The flame retardant fiber materials available on the market have the disadvantage that they have no fluorescent color. What is meant by this is that the fiber material may have a color, but this color is not capable of luminescence, that is to say that this color does not emit light, in particular the fiber material has no fluorescent color in accordance with the color ranges and the moderate density factors of EN 471 (2003) and EN 1150 (1999). These flame-retardant fiber materials are either not naturally fluorescent, or they have a color that is neither in the color ranges of EN 471 and EN 1150 nor has a corresponding minimum luminance factor. This fiber material can therefore have no warning effect. In particular, the aramid fiber materials available on the market cannot be colored with fluorescent dyes.

The fabric can be made entirely of a flame-retardant fiber material. In a further embodiment, the fabric has a mixture of non-flame-retardant yarns and flame-retardant yarns, but the proportion of flame-retardant yarns must be at least 50%.

The fabric has a weight of 40g / m ² - 300g / m ² . For example, it has a weight of 80 g / m ² .

As explained above, the fabric is made of yarn or fiber material. If dirt such as grease is applied to the fabric, this dirt can accumulate in different areas. The dirt can stick to the fibers, between the fibers or between the yarns at crossing points. It is almost impossible to remove such dirt by a standard washing procedure if the dirt is trapped (mechanically anchored) between the fibers or trapped in the volume of the fibers. In the present invention, the yarns are coated with a silicone material. The silicone material penetrates between the fibers of the game, so that the coating adheres mechanically. The surface of the yarn is completely covered with the silicone material, which also applies to the crossing points of the threads.

This means that no oil or pigment can penetrate between the fibers of the yarns, so that the dirt-repellent properties are improved. Dirt-repellent properties mean that the dirt can easily be removed from the material by a cleaning process, for example washing. Due to the smooth surface of the coating, any dirt that hits it can be easily washed off during washing.

The fabric is breathable. It contains gaps 4, which penetrate the fabric in such a way that air can pass through the fabric. In the case of a fabric, for example, the spaces 4 each form between the warp and weft threads that intersect. In the case of a knitted fabric, the stitches form corresponding openings. After coating, these openings or spaces between the yarns or fibers are still present. This improves the wearing comfort in the case of an item of clothing for the wearer, since moisture and heat can be transported away from the body to the outside. These gaps must be larger than 100 μm to ensure an air permeability of at least 300 l / m ² / s (measured according to ISO 9237) and breathability. In addition, the gaps serve to improve dirt-dissolving properties, since when the material is washed, the washing liquor can rinse through the material on all sides. Spaces smaller than 100 μm have a low air permeability and lead to reduced dirt dissolving properties, since the washing liquor does not flow very easily through the small spaces during washing and therefore cannot absorb all the dirt.

The silicones used can be the RTV type (room temperature vulcanizing type), the LSR type (liquid silicone rubber) or mixtures thereof. For example, these silicones consist of two parts that are mixed together before use. The curing process of the RTV silicones begins when they are mixed at room temperature, but accelerates with increasing temperature. A good curing temperature is between 120 ° C and 180 ° C. The LSR silicones require a high temperature for curing, for example between 160 ° C and 200 ° C.

It is important for the present invention that the silicone material is transparent or translucent. The silicone material must not contain any flammable additives.

The silicone material has a LOI value between 24-35 and therefore has good flame resistance. This is important because the coating does not cause the flame retardant properties of the fabric to deteriorate.

The amount of silicone material is 40% - 75% based on the basis weight of the material according to the invention. This amount is necessary to achieve a complete and permanent coating of the fabric and to simultaneously serve as a carrier for the luminescent pigments. A silicone amount of less than 40% results in a too thin layer thickness of the silicone coating and, in connection with this, inadequate strength and durability of the coating. A silicone amount of more than 75% means that the gaps no longer remain sufficiently open but are also filled with silicone material.

The amount of silicon material of 40% -75% is also necessary so that a sufficiently color-covering layer thickness is formed on the fabric. The silicon material contains a maximum of 30% luminous pigments. A corresponding amount of silicone material dyed with luminescent pigments must therefore be applied to the fabric so that the color of the fabric is covered. The layer thickness of the coating is, for example, 30 μm - 60 μm. A content of more than 30% »luminescent pigments leads to a deterioration of the flame retardant properties of the material and to a lower strength of the silicone coating.

A distinction is made between the luminescent pigments according to their behavior in self-luminescent luminescent pigments (also daytime luminescent pigments) and luminescent luminescent pigments. In this invention, daylight pigments are of primary importance. Daylight pigments are also referred to as fluorescent pigments. Fluorescent dyes are made to glow by normal daylight. Their chemical structure means that they absorb short-wave light (UN and blue light components) and emit (emit) them in the visible range. This effect manifests itself in an extremely strong luminosity of the color tone.

In one embodiment, daylight pigments are mixed into the silicone material. The daylight pigments can be distributed in the silicone material using any mixing tool. It is only important that the pigments are evenly distributed in the silicone material. In one embodiment, the silicone material is admixed with 15%) fluorescent yellow fluorescent pigments. The yellow fluorescent daylight pigments can have a minimum content of 8% of the silicone material. In another embodiment, 20% orange-red fluorescent daylight pigments are added to the silicone material. The orange-red fluorescent daylight pigments can be present with a minimum content of 15% of the silicone material.

At least 8% ι daylight pigments should be present, whereby this value can fluctuate up and down depending on the quality of the daylight pigments.

It is also possible to add afterglow pigments to the silicon material in addition to the daylight pigments. The Ν afterglow pigments can also be used instead of the daytime luminescent pigments. Afterglow pigments have the property of luminescent after exposure. This afterglow effect is particularly visible in the dark.

A method for coating a fabric is described as an example in the following:

The sheet 8 is fed to a pair of rollers with a nip. For this purpose, the fabric is picked up by a first roller and guided through the nip to a second roller, which picks up the fabric 8 and transports it further. The first and second rollers each move relative to one another. The fabric moves through a coating solution (silicone solution) that is between the rollers before it passes under the second roller. The coating solution has that to be coated Silicon material on which the desired amount of luminous pigments is mixed. The nip is to be adapted to the textile fabric. In addition, the layer thickness of the coating and thus the amount of silicone material to be applied per m ^{2 of} sheet material can be adjusted with the size of the roller gap. Any excess solution, which is then between the yarns of the fabric, remains in an area on the surface of the second roller, so that the gaps between the yarns remain open. The curing process takes place in an oven following the coating process.

The coated material 1 has, for example, a weight per unit area between 60 g / m ² and 600 g / m ² .

The spaces have an average width of 350μm. This still ensures an air permeability of more than 300 l / m ² / s.

The coated material according to the invention has a fluorescent color. The material is therefore clearly visible and contains a warning effect. The respective fluorescent color fulfills the requirements of EN 471 (2003) and EN 1150 with regard to color range and minimum luminance factor. When using fluorescent yellow daylight pigments, the color location of material 1 is within the color range for fluorescent yellow according to EN 471 (2003) and the luminance factor is greater than the minimum luminance factor ßmin = 0.70 (corresponds to Y = 70) according to EN 471 (2003). When using fluorescent orange-red daylight pigments, the color location of material 1 is within the color range for fluorescent orange-red according to EN 471 (2003) and the luminance factor is greater than the minimum luminance factor ßmin = 0.40 (corresponds to Y = 40) according to EN 471 (2003). When using fluorescent red daylight pigments, the color location of material 1 is within the color range for fluorescent red according to EN 471 (2003) and the luminance factor is greater than the minimum luminance factor ßmin = 0.25 (corresponds to Y = 25) according to EN 471 (2003) , The material according to the invention can thus be used as background material in accordance with these standards.

The coating 3 is stable and adheres firmly to the surface of the fabric.

Adhesive dirt can be removed with conventional washing processes without the fluorescent properties of the material deteriorating. That means, that the coating has improved the permanent resistance to soiling, since dirt can no longer accumulate between the fibers. Even after repeated washing (ISO 6330), EN 471 is met. This means that the luminescent pigments are permanently integrated in the coating and are not released even under mechanical stress. The coated material 1 is flame retardant. The flame resistance test (EN 532) is largely passed with index 3. The material according to the invention can therefore be used for firefighting clothing.

The use of the material 1 according to the invention in a protective garment 10 is shown schematically in FIG. 2. The protective garment 10 can be in any shape, such as a coat, jacket, shoes, pants, vest, overalls, hat, gloves, or the like. The protective garment 10 has an outer side 12 and an inner side 13. In this embodiment, the fluorescent flame-retardant material 1 forms the entire outer side 12 and serves as background material according to EN 471 (2003). The outside 12 can also be constructed only partially from the fluorescent flame-retardant material 1 and have further textile layers as long as the requirements for the minimum area of the visible material according to EN 471 (2003) or EN 1150 (1999) are met. If the fluorescent flame-retardant material is additionally combined with a retroreflective material, it can also be used as a material with combined properties in accordance with EN 471 (2003). Ultimately, the garment 10 has a fluorescent color on the outside and thus has a warning function. The material 1 according to the invention can be combined with an at least water vapor permeable functional layer 14. The functional layer 14 is at least partially arranged on the inside 16 of the outside 12. The inner side 16 can additionally have further insulation and / or lining layers, depending on the respective application.

Fig. 3 shows a cross section through the layer structure of the garment in Fig. 2 according to the dashed line II in an exemplary embodiment. The outside 12 has a fluorescent flame-retardant material 1 according to the invention. Material 1 is a textile fabric 8 such as a 100% aramid fabric with a fluorescent colored silicone coating. With regard to the quantity distribution, the aramid fabric takes up approx. 40% and the silicone coating approx. 60% of the basis weight (g / m ² ) of the material. The silicone coating contains at least 30% luminescent pigments, for example in one embodiment 20% fluorescent orange-red daytime luminescent pigments, which are evenly distributed over the surface of the aramid fabric and ensure a strong luminosity of the outer layer 12. The material 1 has a water vapor permeable functional layer 14 on the inside of the material. A lining layer 18 is arranged on the side of the functional layer 14 which faces the inside 16 of the garment 10. In one embodiment, the functional layer 14 is water vapor permeable and watertight. The functional layer 14 can also be permeable to water vapor and windproof or permeable to water vapor, waterproof and windproof. The presence of the functional layer 14 increases the comfort of the garment 10, since sweat of the wearer is transported from the inside to the outside and at the same time the penetration of water and / or wind is prevented. The functional layer 14 has a water vapor resistance of less than 15 m ² Pa / W and is waterproof at a water inlet pressure of 200 Pa. This means that the garment is also waterproof and permeable to water vapor. In one embodiment, the functional layer 14 can be in the form of a 2-layer laminate, a textile laminate layer being attached to the side of the functional layer 14 facing the lining layer 18. The functional layer can also be in the form of a 3-layer laminate, a textile laminate layer then being arranged on each side of the functional layer 14.

The color of the functional layer 14 can be important since the functional layer can be seen through the interstices of the material of the outer layer according to the invention. With a dark functional layer, the color values of EN 471 (2003) and EN 1150 (1999), in particular the luminosity, can often not be achieved. It is therefore necessary for the functional layer to have a light color, such as white. The color of the functional layer must be at least light enough that the material according to the invention together with the functional layer meets EN 471 or EN 1150.

The functional layer 14 can be a film or a membrane. The functional layer 14 is preferably with at least one textile layer 17 to form a textile laminate connected. The textile laminate layer can be a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a fleece or a knitted fabric. A variety of materials, such as polyesters, polyamides (nylon), polyolefins and others, can be considered as materials. The textile laminate layer is preferably a smooth or roughened knitted fabric made of polyester or, when used in firefighting clothing made of aramid. In a preferred embodiment, the textile laminate is fastened as a liner construction on the inside of the outer layer 12 such that the functional layer is directed towards the inside of the material and the textile layer towards the inside of the garment 10.

Suitable materials for a functional layer 14 are fluoropolymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polyester, polysulfone, polyurethane, polyurethane polyester, polyethylene, polyether sulfone, polycarbonate, silicone, polyolefin, polyacrylate, polyamide, polypropylene including polyetherester and combinations thereof; The functional layer 14 can be porous or non-porous. The functional layer 14 is watertight at a water inlet pressure of at least 16 kPa and has a water vapor volume resistance of less than 15 m ² Pa / W. Preferred microporous membranes (50) include fluoropolymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene; Polyolefins such as polyethylene or polypropylene; Polyamides, polyesters; Polysulfones, polyether sulfones and combinations thereof; polycarbonates; Polyurethanes. A stretched polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane is preferably used. The membrane made of ePTFE has a thickness between 5-500μm, preferably between 50-300μm. A membrane made of ePTFE is particularly suitable because it is very stable against heat and high temperatures and neither burns nor melts. This material is characterized by a large number of open, interconnected cavities, a large cavity volume and a large thickness. Stretched PTFE is soft, flexible, has stable chemical properties, a high permeability to gases and vapors and a surface with good repellency against impurities. The porosity and the pore size are chosen so that the gas diffusion is not hindered. The average pore size can be 0.02-3 μm, preferably 0.1-0.5 μm. The porosity is 30-90%, preferably 50-80%. At the same time, the material is waterproof. A process for making such porous membrane stretched PTFE is disclosed, for example, in patents US 3,953,566 and US 4,187,390.

In one embodiment, the ePTFE membrane has a water-vapor-permeable, continuous, hydrophilic, polymeric layer. Without limitation, suitable continuous water vapor permeable polymers are those from the polyurethane family, the silicone family, the copolyetherester family or the copolyetherester family of amides. Suitable copolyether esters of hydrophilic compositions are taught in US-A-4,493,870 (Vrouenraets) and US-A-4,725,481 (Ostapachenko). Suitable polyurethanes are described in US-A-4 194 041 (Gore). Suitable hydroplile compositions can be found in US-A-4 2340 838 (Foy et al.). A preferred class of continuous water vapor permeable polymers are polyurethanes, especially those containing oxyethylene units as described in US-A-4,532,316 (Lord).

Textile laminates with the waterproof and water vapor-permeable functional layer 14 described above are available from W.L. Gore & Associates under the name GORE-TEX® laminate.

The garment 10 with the material 1 according to the invention as the outer layer 12 meets the requirements for protective clothing in accordance with ISO 11613 (2000) and ISO 15025 (1999).

Examples

Two raw materials were coated in accordance with the present invention: Raw material I (RW I) is a white fabric made of 100% aramid staple fibers. The raw material I has a weight per unit area of 77 g / m ² and an air permeability of> 2900 l / m ² / s with an average width of the interstices (thread interstices) of 456 μm. Fig. 4 shows a picture of the woven raw material I with the light microscope. The raw material I is a flat structure according to the invention and is woven in such a way that there are 2 spaces 4 between the yarns. The luminance factor Y is 77.

Rohware II (RW II) is an orange-colored fabric made from 100% aramid staple fibers. Raw material II has a weight per unit area of 81 g / m ² and an air permeability of> 2900 l / m ² / s with an average width of the interstices (thread gaps) of 476μm. The luminance factor is 30 and the color locus is outside the color range for orange-red according to EN 471 (see Fig. 6).

1st attempt (1-D

Raw material I is coated with a transparent silicone material of the type Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR) with 15% yellow daylight pigments. The silicone material with the daylight pigments accounts for 68% of the coated material. The coating is carried out according to the method described above. 5 shows the raw material I after the coating process. The staple fiber of the aramid fabric is covered with silicone material, but the spaces 4 are still open. The average width of the gaps is 386μm. The air permeability through the coated material is 1727 l / m ² / s.

2nd attempt f2-D

The raw material I is coated with a transparent silicone material of the type Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR) with 25% orange-red daylight pigments. The silicon material with the daylight pigments accounts for 67% of the coated material. The coating is carried out according to the method described above. The staple fiber of the aramid fabric is covered with the colored silicone material as in experiment 1, but the gaps are still open. The average width of the spaces is 417μm. The air permeability through the coated material is 1737 l / m ² / s.

3rd experiment (3-11) The raw material U is coated with a transparent silicone material of the type Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR) with 25% orange-red daylight pigments. The silicone material with the daylight pigments accounts for 63% of the coated material. The coating is carried out according to the method described above. The staple fiber of the aramid fabric is covered with the colored silicone material as in experiment 1, but the gaps are still open. The average width of the gaps is 366μm. The air permeability through the coated material is 1683 l / m ² / s.

4. Experiment C4-ID The raw material II is coated with a transparent silicone material of the type Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR) with 20% orange-red daylight pigments. The silicone material with the daylight pigments accounts for 63% of the coated material. The coating is carried out according to the method described above. The staple fiber of the aramid fabric is covered with the colored silicone material as in experiment 1, but the gaps are still open. The average width of the gaps is 370μm. The air permeability through the coated material is 1690 l / m ² / s.

The results and settings of the 4 experiments are summarized in Table 1.

Tab. 1 Results of attempted visits The color location (x, y) and the minimum luminance factor (Y) of all four coated samples were determined. The measurement is carried out with a Minolta CM 508C spectrophotometer. The results are summarized in Table 2 and shown schematically in FIG. 6.

Tab. 2 Determination of color location and luminance factor

6 shows a representation of the color ranges for fluorescent yellow (G), fluorescent orange-red (OR) and for fluorescent red (R) in accordance with EN 471 (2003). The measured color locations for the raw material I (30) and II (31) and for the four samples (32, 34, 36, 38) from Table 2 are attached to this representation. The raw product I (30) lies outside the three color ranges and the orange raw product II (31) lies far outside the color range orange-red (OR). Both raw materials thus comply with EN 471 (2003). In contrast, the color locations of the four samples are each within the corresponding color ranges. The test pattern lI (32) lies within the color range for fluorescent yellow (G). Test samples 2-1 (34), 3-U (36) and 4-II (38) are all within the color range for fluorescent orange-red (OR). The luminance factor Y was determined in accordance with Table 2 for all samples. According to EN 471, the minimum luminance factor ßmin must be 0.70 for fluorescent yellow and 0.40 for fluorescent orange-red. The raw material II with Y = 30 is far below the required minimum luminance factor according to EN 471. The raw material I has a very high luminance factor, but not for the required colors. In contrast, all four test samples meet the requirements of EN 471, as can be seen in Table 2.

In summary, the raw materials do not meet the requirements of EN 471 because they have neither the required color range nor the required brightness. However, all four samples meet the color and brightness requirements of EN 471 (2003).

The samples prepared above were tested for their flame retardant effect. For this purpose, the samples were subjected to a flame test in accordance with ISO 15025 (2000) (corresponds to EN 532). The evaluation was carried out according to the index of limited flame spread according to EN 533 (1997). The results are shown in Table 3:

Tab. 3 Flame test results

All samples pass the flame test. With the exception of the first sample (II), the samples receive index 3 (according to EN 533), which is the highest index to be assigned. These samples thus meet the requirements for flame resistance in accordance with ISO11613. The sample II had an afterglow time of more than 2 s several times, therefore these sample samples can only get index 2. The remaining samples of the Sample lI have reached index 3, so that overall it can be assumed that, with appropriate optimization of sample lI, a total of index 3 can be achieved.

The samples were examined for their dirt resistance and durability. For this purpose, samples I-I and 2-1 standardized washing processes as well as a test to determine the abrasion resistance were subjected.

For the washing tests, the samples were washed in a clean state and in a dirty state. The washing test is carried out according to the BPI Hohenstein standard AW-QM 11.01-06.03.011 (soiling of textile materials with buffer grease). The samples are soiled using the following procedure: Samples from each sample are sewn onto jackets in the lower back area. Using a template with a thickness of 130 μm and with four holes each with a diameter of 2 cm, a grease (buffer grease No. 2292 from Fuchs Lubritech GmbH, Weilerbach, Germany) is applied by squeegee coating. To ensure a flat surface, a 6mm thick plastic sheet is placed under the jacket. About 4g of fat are distributed over the four holes in the template. The template is then carefully lifted off. Blotting paper and a plastic film are applied over the grease. A wooden spatula is then pulled over the plastic film with moderate pressure. The plastic film is then removed and the blotting paper is peeled off. The soiled samples are then stored for approx. 18 hours.

Washing:

The washing attempts indicate how the washing affects the brightness and the

Pollution affects the material of the invention.

For the washing test, the samples are added with an Electrolux washing machine

Washed 60 ° C according to ISO 6330 (1984). The washing machine is filled with 2 jackets. The weight is about 2.2 kg. The jackets are then in one

Tumble dry at 70 ° C for 30 minutes. The wash attempt can be repeated any number of times. After washing and drying, the brightness and the color location of each sample are measured with a Minolta CM 508 C spectrophometer, each of a clean part and a contaminated part of the sample. In the case of spotted soiling, the darkest area is measured. The difference in luminance ΔY is determined according to the following formula: ΔY = Y not contaminated - Y contaminated Y% = ΔY / Y not contaminated The smaller the difference in luminance, the more contamination was removed from the contaminated sample and the better the original brightness was achieved. In general, the difference in luminance between the washed, unpurified sample part and the washed, contaminated sample part should be less than ΔY = 15 after 2 washes. In particular, after 2 washes, a luminance difference of less than ΔY = 15 should be achieved for a fluorescent yellow-colored material, a luminance difference of less than ΔY = 7 for a fluorescent orange-red colored material, and a luminance difference of less for a fluorescent red-colored material ΔY = 5 can be reached. These luminance differences are preferably achieved even after 30 industrial washes. The results are summarized in Table 4:

Tab. 4 Results of washing tests

The results show that after two washes, the soiled sample parts again have almost the same brightness as the non-soiled sample parts. This is expressed in the luminance difference, which is below the minimum values described above. To determine the abrasion resistance, the samples II and 2-1 were subjected to the washing process described above 30 times. After 30 washes and drying, the samples were subjected to a visual assessment. This visual assessment is used to identify and evaluate injuries on the coating of the respective sample. A light microscope is used as test equipment. Each sample is placed under the light microscope and the damaged areas are counted. Both samples show almost no damage under the light microscope. Thus, the coating is permanently on the fabric even after a strong mechanical load.

Xenon light fastness The samples were exposed to xenon radiation in order to see the influence of light on the color locus and the brightness. Xenon radiation is carried out in accordance with point 5.2. of EN 471 (2003). Table 6 shows the measured values for the brightness before and after the irradiation.

Tab. 6 Results of xenon radiation

7 shows the color locations of the samples before (32, 34, 36, 38) and after (32a, 34a, 36a, 38a) the irradiation. In summary, it is shown that after xenon irradiation, the color locations of the samples are within the color ranges according to EN 471 (2003) and the luminance factors are in each case above the required minimum luminance factor. The color locus and the luminance factor Y for the raw material II (31, 31a) deteriorate after the irradiation.

Definitions and test descriptions

The term "flame retardant" means in the context of this invention that both the fabric and the material have a limited flame spread. The European standard EN 533 (1997) sets performance requirements for the limited Flame spread of materials, which is based on the results of the test according to EN 532 (corresponds to EN ISO 15025 (2003)). The performance is expressed by an index of limited flame spread. Three performance levels are defined:

- With index 1 materials there is no flame propagation, hole formation can occur on contact with the flame.

- with index 2 materials there is no flame propagation, no hole formation occurs with flame contact.

- With index 3 materials, there is no flame spread, no hole formation occurs on contact with the flame, there is only limited afterburning. A material with index 3 (according to ISO 11613: 1999) is required for firefighting clothing.

In the context of this invention, the term “flame-retardant fiber material” means that the fiber material has an LOI (limited oxygen index) of greater than 25.

The term “thermally resistant” means that the fiber material and the material according to the invention withstand temperatures of more than 180 ° C. at a time of 5 minutes in accordance with the oven test of EN ISO 15025 (2003).

Air permeability

To measure the air permeability of a textile material, a test device is used that can measure the air flow through the textile material. The test pieces are placed between two rings, so that a test area of 100 cm ² results. Air is drawn through the test piece at a constant pressure of 100 Pa. This measures the amount of air passing through the test piece and calculates it in l / m ² / s. This test corresponds to the European standard EN ISO 9237 (1995).

Fabric interspaces

The coated fabric has gaps or openings that have an air permeability of more than 300 l / m ² / s. These spaces have a width of 100 to 100 μm. The width of the gaps is measured with a light microscope (e.g. a Zeiss microscope). For this purpose, the patterns are placed in the microscope and the width of the gaps is measured with a magnification of preferably 50 times.

Water vapor resistance Res

The Ret value is a specific material property of fabrics (fabric and functional layer according to the invention) or composite materials (laminates), which determines the latent heat evaporation flow with a constant partial pressure gradient through a given surface. By "water vapor permeable" defines a material, which has a water vapor transmission resistance Ret of less than 15m ² Pa / W. Preferably, the sheet has an Ret of less than 5 m ² Pa / W. The water vapor permeability is measured by the Hohenstein MDM Dry Method which is described in the Standard Test Instructions No. BPI 1.4 (1987) of the Garment Physiological Institute eV Hohenstein.

“Porous” is understood to mean a material which has very small, microscopic pores due to the internal structure of the material and the pores form an interconnected continuous connection or path from one surface to the other surface of the material. This is in accordance with the dimensions of the pores Material is therefore permeable to air and water vapor, but liquid water cannot get through the pores.

The pore size can be measured with a Coulter Porometer ™ manufactured by Coulter Electronics, Inc., Hialeah, Florida. The Coulter Porometer is an instrument that automatically measures the pore size distribution in porous media using the method described in ASTM Standard E1298-89.

However, not all of the porous materials available can match the pore size

Coulter porometer can be determined. In such a case, the pore sizes can also be determined using a microscope, such as a light or electron microscope.

When using a microporous membrane, it has an average pore size between 0.1 and 100 μm, preferably the average pore size is between 0.2 and 10 μm. Water Entry Pressure Test

The water inlet pressure test is a hydrostatic resistance test which is essentially based on water being pressed against one side of a material sample and the other side of the material sample being observed for the passage of water. The water pressure is measured according to a test method in which distilled water at 20 ± 2 ° C is increasingly placed under pressure on a material sample with an area of 100 cm ² . The water rise pressure is 60 ± 3cmH ₂ O / min. The water pressure is then the drain where water appears on the other side of the sample. The exact procedure is regulated in ISO standard No. 811 from 1981. “Waterproof” means that a material can withstand a water inlet pressure of at least 16 kPa.

Color locus and luminance factor

The color locus and the luminance factor are measured in accordance with point 7.2 of EN 471 (2003) using a Minolta CM 508 spectrophotometer. Each

Sample is measured including the underlying materials processed during assembly. This means that a functional layer in the form of a 2-layer laminate liner consisting of membrane and textile carrier material is arranged under each sample. The membrane is directly below the sample. When measuring with the spectrophotometer, the values for the x and y axes are read to cut the color locus. The luminance factor Y is also measured. However, EN 471 specifies a minimum luminance factor ßmin for each color range. The relationship between ßmin and Y is as follows: Luminance factor Y corresponds to ßmin x 100.

Background material

According to EN 471 and EN 1150, a background material is a colored, fluorescent material of the highest conspicuity, which does not have to meet the requirements of this standard for retroreflective materials.

The following standards are referred to in the present invention: EN 471 (2003): warning clothing EN 1150 (1999): Warning clothing for non-professional use. In contrast to EN 471, this standard defines other color ranges such as fluorescent green, fluorescent yellow-green, fluorescent money-orange and fluorescent pink.

EN 15025 (2003): Protective clothing, protection against heat and flames, test methods for limited flame formation.

ISO 11613 (1999): Protective Clothing for Firefighters - laboratory test methods and

Performance requirements.

EN 533 (1997): Protective clothing, protection against heat and flame, materials and

Material combinations with limited flame spread.

Claims

1. A flame-retardant material (1) can be used for protective clothing (10), the material (1) has a textile fabric (8) with a coating (3) made of a silicone material, the textile fabric (8) has at least one flame-retardant fiber material without fluorescent paint and contains gaps (4) which are distributed in the textile fabric (8) and penetrate it in such a way that air can pass through the textile fabric (8), the textile fabric (8) is essentially complete with the However, coated with silicone material, the silicone material does not completely fill the spaces (4) in the flat structure (8), the silicone material taking up a proportion of 40% to 75% based on the basis weight of the material (1) and luminous pigments (5) with a proportion of contains a maximum of 30% based on the amount of silicone material.

2. Material (1) according spoke 1, wherein the luminescent pigments (5) have daytime luminescent pigments, afterglow pigments or mixtures of daytime luminescent and afterglow pigments.

3. Material (1) according spoke 2, wherein the daylight pigments are selected from the group of pigments with the colors fluorescent yellow, fluorescent red, fluorescent orange-red.

4. Material (1) according spoke 1, wherein the silicone material contains at least 8% daylight pigments based on the amount of silicone material.

5. Material (1) according to claims 1 to 3, wherein the silicone material has at least 8% fluorescent yellow daylight pigments.

6. Material (1) according to claims 1 to 3, wherein the silicone material has at least 15% fluorescent orange-red daylight pigments.

7. Material (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the material (1) is a fluorescent background material.

8. Material (1) according spoke 1, wherein the material (1) is flame retardant with a limited flame spread according to the requirements of DIN EN 533 (1997).

9. Material (1) according spoke 1, wherein the flame-retardant fiber material (2) has an LOI value of at least 25.

10. Material (1) according spoke 1, wherein the spaces (4) of the coated sheet form openings with a width of 100 to 10000 μm.

11. Material (1) according to claim 1, wherein the spaces (4) lead to an air permeability of more than 300 l / m ² / s.

12. Material (1) according spoke 1, wherein the fabric (8) has at least one yarn (2) which is substantially completely coated with the silicon material.

13. Material (1) according spoke 12, wherein the at least one yarn (2) is selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, polyamides, polyester, cotton.

14. Material (1) according to claim 1, wherein the flame-retardant fiber material is selected from the group of materials containing aramids, polyimides, melamine resin fiber materials.

15. Material (1) according spoke 14, wherein the fiber material has aramids.

16. Material (1) according spoke 1, wherein the flame-retardant fiber material is present as at least one yarn (2) which is substantially completely coated with the silicone material.

17. Material (1) according spoke 1, wherein the fabric (8) has at least 50% flame-retardant fiber material.

18. Material (1) according spoke 1 and 7, wherein the material (1) meets the requirements for background material according to DJJST EN 471 (2003).

19. Material (1) according spoke 1 and 7, wherein the material (1) meets the requirements for background material according to DIN EN 1150 (1999).

20. Material (1) according spoke 1, wherein the material (1) meets the requirements of ISO 11613 (1999) for protective clothing for firefighters.

21. Material (1) according to claim 1 and 7, wherein the material (1) meets the requirements of EN 471 (2003) for yellow fluorescent background material.

22. Material (1) according to claim 1 and 7, wherein the material (1) meets the requirements of EN 471 (2003) for red fluorescent background material.

23. Material (1) according to spoke 1 and 7, wherein the material (1) meets the requirements of EN 471 (2003) for orange-red fluorescent background material.

24. Protective garment (10) having a flame-retardant material (1), the flame-retardant material (1) has a textile fabric (8) with a coating (3) made of a silicone material, the textile fabric (8) contains at least one flame-retardant fiber material without fluorescent paint and contains gaps (4) which are distributed in the textile fabric (8) and penetrate it in such a way that air can pass through the textile fabric (8), the textile fabric (8) is essentially complete with the silicon material coated, but the silicone material does not completely fill the spaces (4) in the fabric (8), the silicone material taking up a share of 40% to 75% based on the weight of the material (1) and luminous pigments (5) with a share of contains a maximum of 30% based on the amount of silicon material.

25. Protective garment (10) according to claim 24, wherein the material (1) has a water vapor permeable functional layer (14).

26. Protective garment (10) according to claim 24, wherein the material (1) has a waterproof and water vapor permeable functional layer (14).

27. Protective garment (10) according to claims 25 and 26, wherein the functional layer (14) is windproof.

28. Protective garment (10) according to claim 25 or 26, wherein the functional layer (14) is a film or a membrane.

29. Protective garment (10) according to claim 25 or 26, wherein the functional layer (14) is selected from the group of materials comprising polyolefins, polyesters, polyvinyl chlorides, polyvinylidene chlorides, polyurethanes or fluoropolymers.

30. Protective garment (10) according to spoke 25 or 26, wherein at least part of the functional layer (10) consists of ePTFE (stretched polytetrafluoroethylene).

31. Protective garment (10) according to claim 25 or 26, wherein the functional layer (14) has a white color.

32. Protective garment (10) according to spoke 24 in the form of a coat, jacket, pants, vest, overall, hat or gloves.

33. Protective garment (10) according to claim 25 or 26, wherein the functional layer (14) has a water vapor volume resistance of <15 m ² Pa / W (BPI 1.4-1987).

34. Protective garment (10) according to claim 26, wherein the functional layer (14) withstands a water inlet pressure of at least 16 kPa (ISO 811-1981).

35. Protective garment (10) according to claim 25 or 26, wherein the functional layer (14) has an air permeability of not more than 10 lm ² / s (ISO 9237-1995).

36. Protective garment (10) according to claim 24, wherein the luminescent pigments (5) have daytime luminescent pigments, afterglow pigments or mixtures of daytime luminescent and afterglow pigments.

37. Protective garment (10) according to claim 36, wherein the daylight pigments are selected from the group of pigments with the colors fluorescent yellow, fluorescent red, fluorescent orange-red.

38. Protective garment (10) according to spoke 24, the flame-retardant material having a limited flame spread in accordance with the requirements of DIN EN 533.

39. Protective garment (10) according to claim 24, wherein the flame-retardant fiber material is selected from the group of materials comprising aramids, polyimides, melamine resin fiber materials.

40. Protective garment (10) according to claim 39, wherein the fiber material comprises aramids.

41. Protective clothing item (10) according to spoke 24, wherein the fabric (8) has at least 50% flame-retardant fiber material.

42. Protective clothing item (10) according to spoke 24, the material (1) being a background material in accordance with the requirements of EN 471 (2003).

43. Protective clothing item (10) according to spoke 24, wherein the spaces (4) of the coated fabric form openings with a width of 100 to 100 μm.