WO2005068539A1 - ポリマーの製造方法、ポリマー、絶縁膜形成用組成物、絶縁膜の製造方法、および絶縁膜 - Google Patents
ポリマーの製造方法、ポリマー、絶縁膜形成用組成物、絶縁膜の製造方法、および絶縁膜 Download PDFInfo
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/48—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule in which at least two but not all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms
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- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02112—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
- H01L21/02123—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon
- H01L21/02126—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon the material containing Si, O, and at least one of H, N, C, F, or other non-metal elements, e.g. SiOC, SiOC:H or SiONC
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- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/14—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers in which at least two but not all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms
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- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D183/14—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers in which at least two but not all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms
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- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
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- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/46—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes silicones
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02205—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition
- H01L21/02208—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition the precursor containing a compound comprising Si
- H01L21/02214—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition the precursor containing a compound comprising Si the compound comprising silicon and oxygen
- H01L21/02216—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition the precursor containing a compound comprising Si the compound comprising silicon and oxygen the compound being a molecule comprising at least one silicon-oxygen bond and the compound having hydrogen or an organic group attached to the silicon or oxygen, e.g. a siloxane
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02225—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer
- H01L21/0226—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process
- H01L21/02282—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process liquid deposition, e.g. spin-coating, sol-gel techniques, spray coating
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/312—Organic layers, e.g. photoresist
- H01L21/3121—Layers comprising organo-silicon compounds
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/312—Organic layers, e.g. photoresist
- H01L21/3121—Layers comprising organo-silicon compounds
- H01L21/3122—Layers comprising organo-silicon compounds layers comprising polysiloxane compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a polymer, a polymer, a composition for forming an insulating film, a method for producing an insulating film, and an insulating film.
- CVD Chemical Vapor
- a silica (SiO 2) film formed by a vacuum process such as a deposition method is often used.
- a coating-type insulating film called a SOG (Spin on Glass) film which is mainly composed of a hydrolysis product of tetraalkoxylan. It has become.
- an interlayer insulating film having a low relative dielectric constant which is mainly composed of polyorganosiloxane and is called organic SOG, has been developed.
- a composition comprising a mixture of fine particles obtained by condensing alkoxysilane in the presence of ammonia and a basic partial hydrolyzate of alkoxysilane (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. No. 263045, JP-A-5-315319), and a coating solution obtained by condensing a basic hydrolyzate of a polyalkoxysilane in the presence of ammonia (JP-A-11-340219, JP-A-11-340219). — No. 340220) has been proposed.
- the materials obtained by these methods are not suitable for industrial use because the properties of the reaction products are not stable and the coatings have large variations in relative dielectric constant, crack resistance, mechanical strength, adhesion, etc. It was not suitable for production.
- a method has been proposed in which a coating solution is prepared by mixing a polycarbosilane solution and a polysiloxane solution to form a low dielectric constant insulating film (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-127152). And siloxane domain There has been a problem that they are dispersed in the coating film in a uniform state.
- the organometallic silane bonding property is determined by a method using an organic silicate polymer obtained by producing a silane oligomer containing a carbon bridge and then subjecting the silane oligomer to hydrolysis and condensation.
- the material obtained by this method is a material that has poor stability of the reaction product and is not suitable for long-term storage. There was a point.
- the present invention is to form a film which can be suitably used as, for example, an interlayer insulating film in a semiconductor device or the like, has a small relative dielectric constant, has excellent mechanical strength and adhesion, and has uniform film quality. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a polymer and a polymer.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a composition for forming an insulating film, a method for producing an insulating film, and an insulating film using the polymer of the present invention.
- the method for producing a polymer according to the present invention comprises:
- At least one of the (A) polycarbosilanes is the following polycarbosilane (I)
- R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and each represents a monovalent organic group or a hydrogen atom
- X represents a halogen atom
- Y represents a halogen atom or an alkoxy group
- k is an integer of 0-3.
- m and n are the same or different and represent an integer of 0 to 2.
- another type of the polycarbosilane (A) is obtained by further converting the polycarbosilane (I) into an alcohol or an organic acid in an organic solvent.
- polycarbosilane (II) obtained by reacting
- the (A) polycarbosilane Another type of polycarbosilane (III) obtained by further reacting at least one of the polycarbosilane (I) and the polycarbosilane (II) with a reducing agent in an organic solvent is also known.
- the (B) hydrolyzable group-containing silane monomer is represented by a compound represented by the following general formula (2) and a compound represented by the following general formula (3)
- Compound strength The compound may be at least one selected silani conjugate.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a monovalent organic group
- X represents a halogen atom or an alkoxy group
- a represents an integer of 0-3.
- R 4 and R 5 are the same or different and each represents a monovalent organic group
- b and c are the same or different, and represent an integer of 0 to 2
- R 6 is an oxygen atom, a phenylene group Or — (CH)-
- e represents an integer of 16
- Y and Z are the same or different and represent a halogen atom or an alkoxy group
- d represents 0 or 1.
- the polymer according to the present invention is obtained by the above-described method for producing a polymer according to the present invention.
- composition for forming an insulating film according to the present invention contains the polymer according to the present invention and an organic solvent.
- the method for producing a polymer film according to the present invention can include applying the composition for forming an insulating film according to the present invention to a substrate and heating the composition to 30 to 450 ° C.
- the silica-based polymer film according to the present invention is obtained by the method for producing a polymer film according to the present invention.
- the method for producing a polymer of the present invention by reacting (B) a hydrolyzable group-containing silane monomer in the presence of (A) polycarbosilane, the (B) hydrolyzable group-containing silane is reacted.
- a polymer in which polysiloxane derived from a monomer has reacted with (A) polycanolevosilane can be obtained.
- a partially co-condensed polymer can be obtained by hydrolyzing and condensing (B) a hydrolyzable group-containing silane monomer in the presence of (A) polycarbosilane having a hydrolyzable group. .
- Insulating film containing such specific polymer By using the composition for formation, it is possible to obtain a polymer film having a small relative dielectric constant, excellent in mechanical strength and adhesion, and having no phase separation in the film.
- the polymer of the present invention is obtained by hydrolytic condensation of (B) a hydrolyzable group-containing silane monomer in the presence of one or more (A) polycarbosilanes.
- polycarbosilane (I) having at least one kind or less of polycarbosilane.
- R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and each represents a monovalent organic group or a hydrogen atom
- X represents a halogen atom
- Y represents a halogen atom or an alkoxy group
- k is an integer of 0-3.
- m and n are the same or different and represent an integer of 0 to 2.
- hydrolysable group refers to a group that can be hydrolyzed during production of the polymer of the present invention.
- specific examples of the hydrolyzable group include, but are not particularly limited to, for example, a hydrogen atom bonded to a silicon atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, a sulfone group, a methanesulfone group, and a trifluoromethane group. And a sulfone group.
- the polymer of the present invention is obtained by reacting (A) polycanolevosilane (I) with an alcohol or an organic acid in an organic solvent to obtain a polycarbosilane (II). ) Can be obtained using.
- the polymer of the present invention is obtained by reacting (A) polycarbosilane as at least one of polycarbosilane (I) and polycarbosilane (II) with a reducing agent in an organic solvent. It can be obtained using the obtained polycarbosilane (III). [0026] 1. 1. 1. Compound represented by general formula (1) (hereinafter, referred to as "compound 1”)
- R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and are a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- R 1 and R 2 include a linear or branched aliphatic group having 11 to 10 carbon atoms such as an alkyl group, an alkyl group, an alkyl group; a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group And alicyclic groups having 3-20 carbon atoms, such as a bicycloalkyl group; an aryl group having 6-20 carbon atoms; and an aralkyl group having 6-20 carbon atoms.
- alkyl group examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a t-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a neopentyl group, and a texyl group.
- a methyl group an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a t-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a neopentyl group, and a texyl group.
- alkyl group examples include a butyl group, a probel group, a 3-butyr group, and a 3-pentyl group.
- alkyl group examples include a propargyl group, a 3-methylpropagyl group, and a 3-ethylpropagyl group.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a norvol group.
- aryl group examples include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group, an ⁇ -naphthyl group, a 13-naphthyl group, an ⁇ -thiophene group, and a
- Examples of the aralkyl group include a benzyl group, a phenethyl group, a phenylpropyl group, and a phenylbutyl group.
- Examples of the halogen atom represented by X and ⁇ include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.
- Compound 1 includes chloromethyltrichlorosilane, bromomethyltrichlorosilane, eodomethinoletrichlorosilane, chloromethinolemethinoresichlorosilane, chloromethinoleethinoresicloclosilane, chloromethyl-n-propyldichlorosilane, chloromethinole Isopropinoresichlorosilane, chloromethyl- n -butyldichlorosilane, chloromethyl-tert-butyldichlorosilane, chloromethylenocyclohexinoresichlorosilane, chloromethinolephenethylinoresichlorosilane, chloromethylvinyldichlorosilane, chloromethylphenyldichlorosilane , Bromomethinolemethi Le dichlorosilane, bromomethyl E chill dichlorosilane, Buromomechiru
- Polycarbosilane (I) is obtained by reacting compound 1 in the presence of at least one of an alkali metal and an alkaline earth metal as described in the section “1. Polymer”.
- Lithium, potassium, and sodium are used as alkali metals and magnesium is used as an alkaline earth metal.
- Magnesium is used in the present invention. Is most preferred.
- the alkali metal and the alkaline earth metal are used to reductively remove a halogen atom or an alkoxy group from compound 1 to form a halogenated metal. It is equivalent to the total amount of 1 carbon halogen bond and 1 carbon-alkoxy bond.
- polycarbosilane (II) is obtained by further reacting polycarbosilane (I) with an alcohol or an organic acid in an organic solvent.
- polycarbosilane (II) is obtained by further reacting polycarbosilane (I) with an alcohol or an organic acid in an organic solvent.
- the polycarbosilane may further comprise another
- One type may be polycarbosilane (III) obtained by reacting at least one of polycarbosilane (I) and polycarbosilane (II) with a reducing agent in an organic solvent.
- the reaction can be promoted by irradiating the reaction solution with ultrasonic waves from the outside as necessary.
- the ultrasonic frequency used here is desirably about 10-70KHz!
- an ether solvent is preferred as a solvent to be used, and it can be used as a solvent.
- the yield of the desired soluble silicon oligomer tends to be low with the hydrocarbon solvent used in the ordinary Kipping reaction.
- Examples of the ether-based solvent include getyl ether, di-n-propyl ether, diisopropinoleatenole, dibutinoleatenole, etinolepropinoleatenole, aniso monole, pheneto monole, dipheninoleate.
- diethylene glycolone resin methylene ether, diethylene glycol diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol dibutylinyl ether, dimethylene glycol methyl ether ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, dipropylene Glycol dibutinolate ether, dipropylene glycolone methylenetoleatene, ethylene glycolone resin methineoleatene, ethylene glycoloneregetineoleatene, ethylene glycoloneleatene Noreethenole, ethylenglycorone methinoleetenole, propylene glycolone resin methinoleatenole, propylene glycol diethylene terephthalate, propylene glycol dibutynolete tere, propylene glycol methylethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane To name Can do. Of these, getyl ether,
- water is removed from these ether solvents in advance.
- a degassing distillation method in the presence of sodium-benzophenone ketyl and the like are preferred.
- the amount of these solvents to be used is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 30 parts by weight, more preferably 2 to 20 parts by weight, based on the total amount of compound 1.
- the reaction temperature when producing polycarbosilane (I) is preferably 30 to 150 ° C, and more preferably 30 to 100 ° C. If the reaction temperature is lower than 30 ° C, the reaction rate is low and productivity does not increase. If the reaction temperature is higher than 150 ° C, the reaction becomes complicated and the solubility of the obtained polymer tends to decrease. Become.
- the reaction is usually preferably carried out in an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen.
- polycarbosilane (II) having an unreacted hydrolyzable halogen atom at a molecular terminal or a side chain is reacted with an alcohol or an organic acid. This allows the halogen atom to be substituted with a more stable alkoxy group or ester group.
- Examples of the alcohol include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, n-butanol, i-butanol, sec-butanol, t-butanol, n-pentanol, i-pentanol, 2-methylbutanol, sec-pentanol, and t-pen Tanol, 3-methoxybutanol, n-hexanol, 2-methylpentanol, sec-hexanol, 2-ethynolbutanol, sec-heptanol, 3-heptanol, n-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, sec— Tertanol, n-nor alcohol, 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol, n-decanol, sec- decyl alcohol, trimethyl alcohol, sec-tetradecyl alcohol, sec-heptadecyl
- Ethylene glycolone 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 2,4-pentanediol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 2
- Polyhydric phenols such as 1,4 heptanediol, 2-ethyl-1,3-xanediol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tripropylene glycol;
- Examples of the organic acid include acetic acid, propionic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, methylmalonic acid, adipic acid, and sebacic acid.
- the alcohol or acid can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the alcohol or acid to be used is at least equivalent, more preferably 1.0 to 4.0 times equivalent to the halogen atom of the polymer in which each hydroxyl group remains.
- the solvent used at this time is not particularly limited as long as it does not react with the alcohol or acid used, but aromatic solvents are usually preferred, such as benzene and toluene. Enxylene, mesitylene and the like can be mentioned. These can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
- an organic amine which forms a salt in combination with the halogenated hydrogen and has no active hydrogen.
- Typical organic amines include pyridine, pyrrol, picoline, diazabicyclooctane, diazabicyclononane, diazabicycloundecene, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, and the like. Tributylamine and the like can be mentioned. These alkali catalysts may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- polycarbosilane (I) having an unreacted hydrolyzable halogen atom at a molecular terminal, and the above-mentioned alkoxylation or esterification.
- the substituent on the silicon atom can be replaced with a stable hydrogen atom.
- Examples of such a reducing agent include LiAlH, NaH, LiBu BH, (CH) BH, BH,
- LiAlH, NaH, BH and NaBH can be mentioned as more preferable examples.
- the amount of the reducing agent used is at least equivalent, preferably 1.0 to 4.0 times equivalent to the halogen atom of the polymer in which the hydrogen atoms in the reducing agent remain.
- the solvent to be used at this time is not particularly limited as long as it does not react with the reducing agent, and the same solvent as the ether solvent exemplified above, which is usually preferable for the ether solvent, can be used. . These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the reaction temperature at this time is preferably -78 ° C-+ 60 ° C. If the reaction temperature is lower than 78 ° C, the reaction will be slow and productivity will not increase. If the reaction temperature is higher than + 60 ° C, the solubility of the reaction product will decrease and the production yield of the polymer will tend to decrease. Further, the reaction is usually preferably carried out in an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polycarbosilane (I) used in the present invention is 500 or more, preferably 700 or more, and particularly preferably 500-30000. If the weight average molecular weight is less than 500, gelation may occur due to rapid polymerization during the hydrolysis-condensation reaction, or a low-molecular compound having high crystallinity may be formed, which may cause foreign matter. [0055] 1. 3. Production of polymer
- a compound represented by the following general formula (2) and a compound represented by the following general formula (2) may be used as the (B) hydrolyzable group-containing silane monomer in the presence of the above (A) polycarbosilane
- the compound represented by the formula (3) can be obtained by hydrolyzing and condensing at least one silanide conjugate selected also from the group power in an organic solvent in the presence of a catalyst.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a monovalent organic group
- X represents a halogen atom or an alkoxy group
- a represents an integer of 0-3.
- R 4 and R 5 are the same or different and each represents a monovalent organic group
- b and c are the same or different, and represent an integer of 0 to 2
- R 6 is an oxygen atom, a phenylene group Or — (CH)-
- e represents an integer of 16
- Y and Z are the same or different and represent a halogen atom or an alkoxy group
- d represents 0 or 1.
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom or a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group include an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aryl group, a glycidyl group, and a vinyl group.
- R 3 is preferably a monovalent organic group, particularly an alkyl group or a phenyl group.
- examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group and the like, and preferably have 115 carbon atoms.
- These alkyl groups may be chain-like or branched, and a hydrogen atom may be substituted with a fluorine atom, an amino group, or the like.
- aryl group examples include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a methylphenyl group, an ethylphenyl group, a chlorophenol group, a bromophenyl group, and a fluorophenyl group.
- hydrocarbon moiety of the alkoxy group for X those listed as monovalent organic groups for can be applied as they are.
- compound 2 Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (2) (hereinafter, also referred to as “compound 2”) include tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetra-iso-proposilane.
- Compound 2 is preferably methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, methyltripropoxysilane, methyltriisopropoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane. , Vinyl triethoxy silane, phenyl trimethoxy silane, phenyl triethoxy silane, dimethyl dimethoxy silane, dimethyl phenol methoxy silane, jetino les methoxy silane, jetino les ethoxy silane, diphenyl dimethoxy silane, diphenyl ethoxy For example, silane.
- compounds in which R 6 is an oxygen atom include hexachlorodisiloxane, hexabromodisiloxane, hexaiodoxydisiloxane, hexamethoxydisiloxane, and hexaethoxydisiloxane.
- Siloxane hexaphenoxydisiloxane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethoxy-3-methyldisiloxane, 1,1,1,3,3 pentaethoxy-3-methyldisiloxane, 1,1, 1,3,3 pentaphenoxy-3-methyldisiloxane, 1,1,1,3,3 pentaphenoxy-3-methyldisiloxane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethoxy-3-ethyldisiloxane, 1,1,1,3,3 pentaethoxy-3-ethyl Tyldisiloxane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentaphenoxy-3-ethyldisiloxane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethoxy-3-phenyldisiloxane, 1,1,1 , 3,3 pentaethoxy-3 phenyldisiloxane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentapheno C 3-phenyldisiloxane, 1,1,3,3-te
- the compounds of general formula (3) where d is 0 include hexaclo disilane, hex submodi silane, hexiodosidisilane, hexamethoxydisilane , Hexethoxydisilane, hexaphenoxydisilane, 1,1,1,2,2-pentamethoxy-2-methyldisilane, 1,1,1,2,2-pentaethoxy-2-methyldisilane, 1,1,1,2,2-pentaphenoxy 2-methyldisilane, 1,1,1,2,2-pentamethoxy-2-ethylethylsilane, 1,1,1,2,2-pentaethoxy 2-ethyldisilane, 1,1,1,2,2-pentaphenoxy 2-ethyldisilane, 1,1,1,2,2-pentaphenoxy 2-ethyldisilane, 1,1,1,2,2-pentamethoxy-2-phenyldisilane, 1,1,1,2,2-penta Ethoxy 2-phenyl
- R 6 is a compound of a group represented by — (CH 2) 1
- Examples of the substance include bis (trichlorosilyl) methane, bis (trisylsilyl) methane, bis (trisilyl) methane, bis (trichlorosilyl) ethane, bis (trisylsilyl) ethane, bis (trisilyl) ethane, and bis (trisilyl) ethane.
- one or more compounds can be used.
- At least one silani conjugate having a group power of Compounds 2 and 3 is selected by hydrolysis and condensation. It is preferable to use more than 0.5 mol and not more than 150 mol of water per 1 mol of the compounds 2 and 3 in particular. preferable.
- the group power of the compounds 2 and 3 was also selected in the presence of (A) polycarbosilane (at least one of polycarbosilane (I)-(III)).
- a specific catalyst can be used.
- the catalyst at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkali catalyst, a metal chelate catalyst and an acid catalyst can be used.
- alkali catalyst examples include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, pyridine, pyrrole, piperazine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, picoline, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and dimethyl.
- Organic amines preferably amines or amine salts, or alkylamines, tetraalkylammonium hydroxides, particularly preferably organic amine salts. Is most preferred.
- alkali catalysts may be used simultaneously.
- the metal chelate catalyst examples include triethoxy mono (acetyl acetate) titanium, tree n propoxy 'mono (acetyl acetate) titanium, tree i propoxy' mono (acetyl acetate) titanium, tri- n-butoxy mono (acetyl acetate) titanium, tri-sec butoxy mono (acetyl acetate) titanium, tree t butoxy mono (acetyl acetate) titanium, diethoxy'bis (acetyl acetate) Titanium, G-propoxy 'bis (acetyl acetate) Titanium, G i-propoxy'bis (acetyl acetate) Titanium, G-butoxy bis (acetyl acetate) titanium, di-sec butoxy bis (Acetyl acetate toner) titanium, G-butoxy bis (acetyl acetate toner) titanium, Monoethoxy.tris (acetylacetonato) titanium, mono-n-propoxy 'tris (
- Aluminum chelates such as tris (acetylacetonato) anoremium and tris (ethylinoacetoacetate) anoremini;
- a chelate conjugate of titanium or aluminum particularly preferably a chelate of titanium.
- metal chelate catalysts may be used simultaneously.
- Acid catalysts include, for example, inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid; acetic acid, propionic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, Nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, methylmalonic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, gallic acid, butyric acid, melitic acid, arachidonic acid, shikimic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, Linoleic acid, linoleic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, ⁇ -toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, monochloroacetic acid, dichlor
- the amount of the catalyst to be used is generally 0.0001-10 mol, preferably ⁇ 0.00000, relative to 1 mol of the total amount of the groups represented by X, ⁇ and Z in compounds 2 and 3. — 5 moles.
- the temperature at which the compounds 2 and 3 are hydrolyzed is usually from 0 to 100 ° C, preferably from 15 to 80 ° C.
- the "complete 311 hydrolyzed condensate” refers to (A) the polycarbosilane and the hydrolyzable groups in the compounds 2 and 3 are hydrolyzed 100% to form SiOH groups, and To form a siloxane structure by condensation.
- the condensate is preferably a hydrolyzed condensate of (A) polycarbosilane and compound 2 from the viewpoint that the obtained composition has better storage stability.
- the compound (2) or (3) is used in an amount of 500 to 4000 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of (A) polycarbosilane, more preferably 500 to 4000 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of polycarbosilane (A). 1000-3000 parts by weight.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer in terms of polystyrene is usually 1,500 to 500,000, preferably a force S ⁇ , and 2,000 to 200,000, more preferable than a force S ⁇ 2,000-100,000. If the polymer has a polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight of less than 1,500, the desired relative dielectric constant may not be obtained.On the other hand, if it exceeds 500,000, the in-plane uniformity of the coating film may be poor. There is.
- composition for Forming Polymer Film Composition for Forming Insulating Film
- composition for forming a polymer film (composition for forming an insulating film) of the present invention may contain components such as an organic polymer and a surfactant in addition to the polymer of the present invention.
- Examples of the organic polymer include a compound having a sugar chain structure, a buramide polymer, a (meth) acrylic polymer, an aromatic vinyl compound, a dendrimer, a polyimide, a polyamic acid, a polyarylene, a polyamide, and a polyquinoxaline. , Polyoxadiazole, fluorine-based polymers, compounds having a polyalkylene oxide structure, and the like.
- Examples of the compound having a polyalkylene oxide structure include a polymethylene oxide structure, a polyethylene oxide structure, a polypropylene oxide structure, a polytetramethylene oxide structure, and a polybutylene oxide structure.
- polyoxymethylene alkyl ether polyoxymethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene ethylene phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene sterol ether, polyoxyethylene lanolin derivative, alkylphenol formalin condensate Ether type such as ethylene oxide derivative, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block copolymer, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ether
- Ether type such as ethylene oxide derivative, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block copolymer, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ether
- Polyoxyethylene glycerin fatty acid esters polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid alkanolamide sulfates and other ether ester-type compounds
- polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters ethylene glycol fatty acid esters, fatty acid monoglycerides
- ether ester-type compounds such as polyglycer
- Examples of the polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block copolymer include compounds having the following block structures.
- J represents 1-90
- k represents 10-99
- 1 represents 0-90.
- polyoxyethylene alkyl ether polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block copolymer, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene anolequinolate ester, polyoxyethylene glycerin fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid Ether-type compounds such as esters and polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid esters can be mentioned as more preferred examples. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the surfactant examples include a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant and the like. Further, a fluorine surfactant, silicone Surfactants, polyalkylene oxide-based surfactants, poly (meth) phthalate-based surfactants, and the like, and preferably fluorine-based surfactants and silicone-based surfactants. .
- fluorinated surfactant examples include 1,1,2,2-tetrafluorooctyl (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropyl) ether and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluorofluorocarbon Octyl hexyl ether, octaethylene glycol di (1,1,2,2-tetrafluorobutyl) ether, hexethylene glycol (1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropentyl) ether, Kuta propylene Glycol di (1,1,2,2-tetrafluorobutyl) ether, hexapropylene glycol di (1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropentyl) ether, sodium perfluorododecyl sulfonate, 1 , 1, 2, 2, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10—decaffored rhododecane, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3—hexafluorodecane, N— [3— (per
- MegaFac F142D, F172, F173, and F183 (all manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.), F-Top EF301, 303, and 352 (Shin Akita Chemical ( Co., Ltd.), Florard FC-430, FC-431 (manufactured by Sumitomo 3LM Co., Ltd.), Asahigard AG710, Surflon S-382, SC-101, SC-102, SC-103, SC — 104, SC 105, SC-106 (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.), BM-1000, BM-1100 (manufactured by Yusho Co., Ltd.), NB X—15 (Neos Co., Ltd.)
- the fluorine-based surfactant include: Among these, the aforementioned Megafac F172, BM-1000, BM-1100, and NBX-15 are particularly preferred.
- silicone-based surfactant examples include SH7PA, SH21PA, SH30PA, and ST94.
- PA available from Toray “Dowko Jung” Silicone Co., Ltd.
- SH28PA and SH30PA are particularly preferable.
- the amount of the surfactant to be used is generally 0.0001 to 10 parts by weight based on the polymer (completely hydrolyzed condensate). These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polymer (hydrolysis condensate) of the present invention and, if necessary, further additives can be dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent.
- Examples of the organic solvent that can be used at this time include at least one selected from the group consisting of alcohol solvents, ketone solvents, amide solvents, ester solvents, and aprotic solvents.
- alcoholic solvents include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, n-butanol, i-butanol, sec-butanol, t-butanol, n-pentanol, i-pentanol, 2-methylbutanol, and sec-pentanol pentanol, t-pentanol, 3-methoxybutanol, n hexanol, 2-methyl pentanol, sec hexanol 2-E chill-butanol, sec Putanoru, 3 Putanoru, n- Okutanoru, hexanol 2 chill, s ec - Okutanoru, n -
- Ethylene glycolone 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 2,4-pentanediol, 2-methyl-2,4 pentanediol, 2,5 xanediol, 2,4 heptanediol, 2-ethyl-1, 3
- Polyhydric alcohol solvents such as xanediol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tripropylene glycol;
- ketone solvents include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl n-propyl ketone, methyl n-butyl ketone, getyl ketone, methyl i-butyl ketone, methyl n-pentyl ketone, ethyl n-butyl ketone, methyl n-hexyl ketone, and di-ketone.
- i-Butyl ketone trimethylnonanone, cyclohexanone, 2-hexanone, methylcyclohexanone, 2,4-pentanedione, acetoninoleacetone, acetophenone, fencheon, and other acetylene acetone, 2,4-hexandione, 2,4 heptanedione, 3,5 heptanedione, 2,4 octanedione, 3,5 octanedione, 2,4-nonanedione, 3,5-nonanedione, 5-methinolay 2,4-hexanedione, 2,2,6 , 6—tetramethinole 3,5 heptanedione, to 1, 1, 1, 5, 5, 5— Examples include j8-diketones such as xafluoro-2,4-heptanedione. One or more of these ketone solvents may be used simultaneously.
- amide solvents examples include formamide, N-methylformamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N-ethylformamide, N, N-getylformamide, acetamide, N-methylacetamide, and N, N-dimethylacetamide , N-Ethylacetamide, N, N-Getylacetamide, N-methylpropionamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-formylmorpholine, N-formylpiperidine, N-formylpyrrolidine, N-acetylmorpholine, N-acetylpi Lysine, N-acetylpyrrolidine and the like. These amide solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- ester solvents examples include getyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, getyl carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolataton, ⁇ -valerolatone, ⁇ -propyl acetate, i-propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, and acetic acid.
- Examples of the aprotic solvents include acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N, ⁇ ', ⁇ '-tetraethylsulfamide, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ methylmorpholone, ⁇ methylinpyroquinone, and ⁇ ethylpyrrole. , ⁇ -methyl- ⁇ -pyrroline, ⁇ -methylpiperidine, ⁇
- the total solid content concentration of the composition for forming an insulating film of the present invention thus obtained is preferably 2 to 30% by weight, and is appropriately adjusted depending on the purpose of use.
- the total solid content of the composition for forming an insulating film is 2 to 30% by weight, the thickness of the coating film is in an appropriate range, and the storage stability is more excellent.
- the adjustment of the total solid content concentration is performed, if necessary, by concentration and dilution with the organic solvent.
- the polymer film of the present invention can be obtained by applying the composition for forming an insulating film to form a coating film, and then heating the coating film.
- composition for forming an insulating film of the present invention is applied to silicon wafers, SiO wafers, SiN wafers and the like.
- application means such as spin coating, dipping, roll coating, and spraying are used.
- the dry film thickness is about 0.05 to 2.5 m in a single coating, and about 0.1 to 5.0 m in a double coating. Can be formed. Then, dry at room temperature or heat at a temperature of about 80 to 600 ° C, usually for about 5 to 240 minutes. By doing so, a vitreous or macromolecular coating film can be formed.
- a hot plate, an oven, a furnace, or the like can be used as a heating method, and the heating atmosphere may be air, a nitrogen atmosphere, an argon atmosphere, a vacuum, or a decompression controlled oxygen concentration. It can be performed below.
- heating may be performed stepwise, or an atmosphere such as nitrogen, air, oxygen, or reduced pressure may be selected.
- the composition for forming an insulating film can be applied to a substrate and heated to 30 to 450 ° C. under irradiation with high energy rays.
- the silica-based polymer film of the present invention thus obtained has a film density of usually 0.35 to 1.2 gZcm 3 , preferably 0.4 to 1.lgZcm 3 , and more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 lgZcm 3 . 5- 1. Og / cm 3 . If the film density is less than 0.35 gZcm 3 , the mechanical strength of the coating film will decrease, while if it exceeds 1.2 gZcm 3 , a low dielectric constant cannot be obtained. Further, the relative dielectric constant of the polymer film of the present invention is usually 3.2-1.2, preferably 3.0-1.5, and more preferably 2.7-1.8.
- the polymer film of the present invention is characterized by having a large number of silicon carbon bonds in the film structure. Due to this feature, it is excellent in insulation, uniformity of coating film, dielectric constant characteristics, elasticity of coating film, and adhesion of coating film.
- the polymer film of the present invention has a low dielectric constant and excellent crack resistance, mechanical strength, and adhesion. Therefore, the polymer film of the present invention can be used for an interlayer for semiconductor devices such as LSI, system LSI, DRAM, SDRAM, RDRAM, and D-RDRAM.
- Protective films such as insulating films and etching stopper films, surface coat films for semiconductor devices, intermediate layers in semiconductor manufacturing processes using multilayer resists, interlayer insulating films for multilayer wiring boards, protective films and insulating films for liquid crystal display devices, etc. Useful for applications.
- Sample Prepared by dissolving a polymer (hydrolysis condensate) lg in 100 cc of tetrahydrofuran using tetrahydrofuran as a solvent.
- Standard polystyrene Standard polystyrene manufactured by Pressure Chemika Nore in the United States was used.
- An aluminum electrode pattern was formed on the obtained polymer film by a vapor deposition method to prepare a sample for measuring a relative dielectric constant.
- the relative permittivity of the coating film was measured at room temperature by the CV method using the HP16451B electrode and HP4284A Precision LCR meter manufactured by Yokogawa Hewlett-Packard Co., Ltd. at a frequency of 100 kHz.
- the obtained polymer film was measured by a continuous stiffness measuring method using Nanoindenter XP (manufactured by Nano Instruments).
- a 400 nm SiO film is formed on the obtained polymer film by sputtering,
- A Adhesion energy of more than 3.0 joules per square meter
- the cross section of the polymer film is cut for observation by the focused ion beam method, and 1800 The appearance was examined at 0x. The judgment result is shown as follows.
- reaction mixture was poured into 15 L of ice water to precipitate the produced polymer.
- the resulting polymer was thoroughly washed with water and dried under vacuum to obtain 65 g of a brown solid polymer (1).
- reaction mixture was poured into 15 L of ice water to precipitate the produced polymer.
- the resulting polymer was thoroughly washed with water and vacuum dried to obtain 68 g of a brown solid polymer (2).
- reaction product was added into a four-necked flask containing 200 g of toluene and 190 g of triethylamine, and 150 ml of methanol was gradually heated from the dropping funnel. After completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was further stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The generated salt was removed with a glass filter, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and dried under vacuum to obtain 52 g of a white solid polymer (3).
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer thus obtained was 7,100.
- reaction solution A The weight average molecular weight of the condensate thus obtained was 22,000.
- reaction solution B The weight average molecular weight of the condensate thus obtained was 12,000.
- reaction solution D The weight average molecular weight of the condensate thus obtained was 15,000.
- reaction liquid power 279 g of a solution containing methanol and water was removed by evaporation at 50 ° C to obtain a reaction liquid E.
- the weight average molecular weight of the condensate thus obtained was 19,000.
- the reaction solution A obtained in Example 1 was filtered through a Teflon (registered trademark) filter having a pore size of 0.2 ⁇ m to obtain a composition for forming an insulating film of the present invention.
- the substrate was dried on a hot plate at 90 ° C for 3 minutes and in a nitrogen atmosphere at 200 ° C for 3 minutes, and further dried at 400 ° C.
- the substrate was baked on a hot plate under a nitrogen atmosphere of C for 60 minutes.
- the polymer film obtained after the firing (hereinafter referred to as “silica-based film”) was evaluated according to the evaluation method described in 4.1. Show evaluation results Shown in 1.
- Example 6 a silica-based film was formed and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 6, except that reaction solutions B, C, D, and E were used, respectively. Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- Polymer (1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 Silica-based membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 6 except that reaction solution F in which Og was dissolved in propylene glycol monopropyl ether 4. Og was used as a coating solution. Formed and evaluated. Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- a quartz separable flask was charged with 430 g of distilled ethanol, 21 lg of ion-exchanged water and 15.2 g of a 25% aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide at the mouth, and stirred uniformly. To this solution was added a mixture of 40. Og of methyltrimethoxysilane and 61. lg of tetraethoxysilane. The reaction was carried out for 2 hours while keeping the solution at 60 ° C.
- a reaction solution G was obtained by adding 20 g of a propylene glycol monopropyl ether solution.
- a silica-based film was formed and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the reaction solution G was used. Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- Weight average molecular weight consisting of a repeating unit represented by the formula [Si (CH) (H) -CH]
- reaction solution I 200 g of propylene glycol monopropyl ether was added to the solution, and the solution was concentrated to 20% (complete hydrolyzed condensate) using an evaporator at 50 ° C. 20 g of a 10% propylene glycol monopropyl ether solution was added to obtain a reaction solution I. A silica-based film was formed and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 6 except that this reaction solution I was used. Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 6 A Heat baking 0.50 2.46 8.9 0.9 AA Example 7 B Heat baking 0.50 2.55 8.7 1.0 AA Example 8 C Heat baking 0.50 2.59 8.8 0.8 AA Example 9 D Heat baking 0.50 2.91 9.6 1.0 AA Example 10 E Heat baking 0.50 2.62 9.3 0.9 AA Comparative example 1 F heating and firing 0.50 2.92 7.4 0.6 AA Comparative example 2 G heating and firing 0.50 2.86 7.2 0.7 BA Comparative example 3 H heating and firing 0.50 2.90 8.1 0.6 AB Comparative example 4 I Heating and firing 0.50 3.10 9.1 0.9 BA
Abstract
Description
Claims
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JP5105041B2 (ja) * | 2004-01-16 | 2012-12-19 | Jsr株式会社 | 絶縁膜形成用組成物およびその製造方法、ならびにシリカ系絶縁膜およびその形成方法 |
JP5110243B2 (ja) * | 2004-01-16 | 2012-12-26 | Jsr株式会社 | ポリマーの製造方法 |
JP2005350651A (ja) * | 2004-05-11 | 2005-12-22 | Jsr Corp | 絶縁膜形成用組成物およびその製造方法、ならびにシリカ系絶縁膜およびその形成方法 |
JP2005350653A (ja) * | 2004-05-11 | 2005-12-22 | Jsr Corp | 有機シリカ系膜の形成方法、有機シリカ系膜、配線構造体、半導体装置、および膜形成用組成物 |
JP2009286891A (ja) * | 2008-05-29 | 2009-12-10 | Jsr Corp | ポリカルボシランの製造方法 |
JP2010006795A (ja) * | 2008-05-30 | 2010-01-14 | Jsr Corp | 有機ケイ素化合物の製造方法 |
US8093419B2 (en) | 2008-05-30 | 2012-01-10 | Jsr Corporation | Method of producing organosilicon compound |
JP2010106099A (ja) * | 2008-10-29 | 2010-05-13 | Jsr Corp | 絶縁膜形成用組成物、ならびに絶縁膜およびその形成方法 |
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JPWO2005068538A1 (ja) | 2007-12-27 |
TW200538490A (en) | 2005-12-01 |
JPWO2005068539A1 (ja) | 2007-12-27 |
KR20060123549A (ko) | 2006-12-01 |
US20070015892A1 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
US20070021580A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
EP1705207A1 (en) | 2006-09-27 |
KR20060123548A (ko) | 2006-12-01 |
TWI265172B (en) | 2006-11-01 |
TW200536621A (en) | 2005-11-16 |
EP1705206A4 (en) | 2009-06-24 |
WO2005068538A1 (ja) | 2005-07-28 |
EP1705207B1 (en) | 2012-10-24 |
US7528207B2 (en) | 2009-05-05 |
TWI292349B (ja) | 2008-01-11 |
JP5110243B2 (ja) | 2012-12-26 |
JP5013045B2 (ja) | 2012-08-29 |
EP1705207A4 (en) | 2009-06-24 |
EP1705206A1 (en) | 2006-09-27 |
KR101129875B1 (ko) | 2012-03-28 |
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