WO2005121850A1 - Brightness enhancement film with light concentrators - Google Patents
Brightness enhancement film with light concentrators Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005121850A1 WO2005121850A1 PCT/US2005/017903 US2005017903W WO2005121850A1 WO 2005121850 A1 WO2005121850 A1 WO 2005121850A1 US 2005017903 W US2005017903 W US 2005017903W WO 2005121850 A1 WO2005121850 A1 WO 2005121850A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light
- brightness enhancement
- light collecting
- aperture
- illumination system
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0038—Linear indentations or grooves, e.g. arc-shaped grooves or meandering grooves, extending over the full length or width of the light guide
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0065—Manufacturing aspects; Material aspects
Definitions
- the invention generally relates to brightness enhancement articles and more particularly relates to a brightness enhancement film using an array of light concentrator structures for conditioning illumination for use with backlit display devices, such as laptop LCD displays.
- backlit display devices such as laptop LCD displays.
- LCD displays offer a compact, lightweight alternative to CRT monitors, there are many applications for which LCD displays are not satisfactory due to a low level of brightness, or more properly, luminance.
- the transmissive LCD used in conventional laptop computer displays is a type of backlit display, having a light-providing surface positioned behind the LCD for directing light outwards, towards the LCD.
- the light-providing surface itself provides illumination that is essentially Lambertian, that is, having an essentially constant luminance over a broad range of angles.
- 5,611,611 discloses a rear projection display using a combination of Fresnel and lenticular lens sheets for obtaining the desired light divergence and luminance
- U.S. Patent No. 6,111,696 discloses a brightness enhancement film for a display or lighting fixture.
- the surface facing the illumination source is smooth; the opposite surface has a series of structures, such as triangular prisms, for redirecting the illumination angle.
- the film disclosed in the '696 patent refracts off-axis light to provide a degree of correction for directing light at narrower angles.
- U.S. Patent No. 5,629,784 (Abileah et al.) discloses various embodiments in which a prism sheet is employed for enhancing brightness, contrast ratio, and color uniformity of an LCD display of the reflective type.
- the brightness enhancement film similar to that of the '696 patent is arranged with its structured surface facing the source of reflected light for providing improved luminance as well as reduced ambient light effects.
- the prism sheet of the '784 disclosure is placed between the viewer and the LCD surface, rather than in the position used for transmissive LCD systems (that is, between the light source and the LCD);
- U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2001/0053075 discloses various types of surface structures used in light redirection films for LCD displays, including prisms and other structures;
- U.S. Patent No. 5,887,964 discloses a transparent prism sheet having extended prism structures along each surface for improved back-light propagation and luminance in an LCD display.
- 6,280,063 discloses a brightness enhancement film with prism structures on one side of the film having blunted or rounded peaks
- U.S. Patent No. 6,277,471 discloses a brightness enhancement film having a plurality of generally triangular prism structures having curved facets
- U.S. Patent No. 5,917,664 discloses a brightness enhancement film having "soft" cutoff angles in comparison with conventional film types, thereby mitigating the luminance change as viewing angle increases;
- Fig. 1 shows one type of brightness enhancement film 10 for enhancing light provided from a light source 18.
- Brightness enhancement film 10 has a smooth side 12 facing towards a light guiding plate 14, which contains a reflective surface 19, and rows of prismatic structures 16 facing an LCD component 20.
- on-axis light ray R4 can actually be reflected back toward light guiding plate 14 for diffusion and reflection from reflective surface 19 rather than directed toward LCD component 20.
- This refraction of near-axis light and reflection of at least a portion of on-axis light back into light guiding plate 14 acts to adjust illumination luminance with respect to viewing angle, as is described subsequently.
- light guiding plate 14 and reflective surface 19 By the action of light guiding plate 14 and reflective surface 19, a portion of the light that is reflected back from brightness enhancement film 10 is eventually diffused and again directed outward toward the LCD component at a generally normal angle. There is, of course, some loss of light after multiple reflections, due to inefficiency of reflective surface 19.
- brightness enhancement film 10 The purpose of brightness enhancement film 10, is to redirect the light that is provided over a large angular range from light guiding plate 14, so that the output light it provides to LCD component 20 is generally directed toward normal. By doing this, brightness enhancement film 10 helps to improve display luminance not only when viewed straight-on, at a normal to the display surface, but also when viewed from oblique angles. As the viewer angle from normal increases, the perceived luminance can diminish significantly beyond a threshold angle.
- the graph of Fig. 2 shows a luminance curve 26 that depicts the characteristic relationship of luminance to viewer angle when using the brightness enhancement film 10. As expected, luminance peaks at the normal and decreases toward a threshold cutoff angle ⁇ cutoff each side of normal.
- one characteristic of interest is the overall shape of the curve.
- the luminance over a range of viewing angles is proportional to the area under the curve for those angles.
- the peak luminance values occur at angles near normal, as would be expected.
- Some of the solutions noted above are more effective for redistributing light over a preferred range of angles rather than for redirecting light toward normal for best on-axis viewing.
- These brightness enhancement film solutions have a directional bias, working best for redirecting light in one direction.
- a brightness enhancement film may redirect the light path in a width direction relative to the display surface, but have little or no affect on light in the orthogonal length direction.
- multiple orthogonally crossed sheets must be overlaid in order to redirect light in different directions, typically used for redirecting light in both horizontal and vertical directions with respect to the display surface.
- this type of approach is somewhat a compromise; such an approach is not optimal for light in directions diagonal to the two orthogonal axes.
- U.S. Patent No. 5,761,355 to Kuper et al. discloses arrays for use in area lighting applications, wherein guiding optical structures employ TIR to redirect light towards a preferred direction; and U.S. Patent No. 6,129,439 to Hou et al. discloses an illumination apparatus in which microprisms utilize TIR for light redirection.
- Zimmerman et al. '218, Kuper et al. '355, and Hou et al. '439 describe the use of a prism structure having at least one curved side wall shaped to use TIR, including a side wall having a large number of small segments to effectively provide an arcuate shape.
- the light source is positioned at a focal point for the parabolic reflector.
- More efficient light concentrators such as compound parabolic concentrators (CPC) have been used for collecting light in various applications, particularly for solar energy applications.
- CPC compound parabolic concentrators
- U.S. Patents No. 4,002,499 and 4,003,638 both to Winston disclose the use of reflective parabolic concentrator elements for radiant energy collection.
- U.S. Patent No. 6,384,320 (Chen) discloses the use of an array of reflective CPC devices used for a residential solar-power generation system. Light concentrators have also been used to support light sensing devices.
- UK Patent Application GB 2 326 525 discloses the use of a reflective CPC array as a concentrator for obtaining light for a light sensor, such as a Charge-Coupled Device (CCD).
- CPC and similar structures have been exploited for collecting and sensing light in various applications, but not for achieving improved light distribution and redirection.
- Brightness enhancement films for optical displays have largely been directed to improving brightness of a display over a range of angles.
- spatial uniformity is also important, as it helps to minimize "hot spots" in a display.
- Existing brightness enhancing films, in an effort to achieve higher brightness often tend to compromise display uniformity, causing hot spots and other anomalies.
- improvements are required, particularly where a high level of near-axis luminance is desired and where spatial uniformity is desirable in the displayed image.
- PROBLEMTOBE SOLVEDBYTHEINVENTION There is a need for a brightness enhancement film that is light- efficient, improves luminance at near-axis viewing angles, and provides a substantially uniform light source.
- each light collecting structure is longitudinally extended in a length direction along the light- providing surface, each light collecting structure comprising: (a) an input aperture optically coupled to the light-providing surface; (b) an output aperture distal from said input aperture, wherein the output aperture has a surface area that is larger than the surface area of the input aperture; and, (c) a pair of curved side walls extending along the length direction and extended from the output aperture toward the input aperture; wherein, in a cross section taken orthogonally with respect to the length direction, the curved side walls approximate a parabolic curvature.
- Figure 1 is a cross-sectional side view showing a brightness enhancement film used with an LCD display
- Figure 2 is a graph showing the relationship of luminance to viewing angle for a brightness enhancement film
- Figure 3 is a ray diagram showing the behavior of a linear light concentrator in handling light rays according to the present invention
- Figures 4a and 4b are cross-sectional side views showing a portion of an illumination apparatus in different embodiments of the present invention
- Figure 5 is a perspective view of a brightness enhancement film according to the present invention
- Figure 6a is a side view of an illumination system according to the present invention
- Figure 6b is a side view of the illumination system from an orthogonal direction to the view in Fig. 6a
- Figure 7 is perspective view of the illumination system of Figures
- Figure 8 a is a side view showing the role of key parameters in determining the cross-sectional shape of side walls
- Figure 8b is a side view showing a TIR angle within a light guiding plate
- Figure 8c is a side view showing how parameters are used to obtain y-z coordinates for sidewalls of a light collecting structure according to the present invention
- Figures 9a, 9b, and 9c are side views used to describe modifications that can be made to the basic shape and dimensions of a light collecting structure, which is generally parabolic in cross-section as used in the present invention
- Figures 10a and 10b are cross-sectional schematic views showing light behavior without and with slight rotation of each sidewall of a light collecting structure according to the present invention
- Figures 11a and 1 lb are graphs showing relative luminance relative to view angle without and with modifications to the shape of light collecting structures according to the present invention
- Figure 12 is a cross-sectional side view showing an embodiment in which the pitch between adjacent light collecting structures is varied
- Figure 13 is a perspective section
- ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECT OF THE INVENTION We have found a brightness enhancement film that provides a substantially uniform light source having improved efficiency and with improved luminance at near-axis viewing angles.
- CPCs compound parabolic concentrators
- the apparatus of the present invention uses an array of light collecting structures 32 of this basic shape, each light collecting structure 32 having a substantially parabolic profile in cross section.
- light rays R emitted over a wide range of angles from a point P at an input aperture 33 on input surface 34, are reflected due to Total Internal Reflection (TIR) and generally emerge at the same angle from output aperture 35 at output surface 36.
- TIR Total Internal Reflection
- light rays through point P that reflect from a side wall 38 of collecting structure 32 generally exit at an angle ⁇ m that corresponds to the maximum beam angle ⁇ m of a reflected ray from that point.
- input aperture 33 provides the only exit for the bulk of the light energy within light guiding plate 14.
- Light guiding plate 14 prevents light leakage, allowing light to exit only through light collecting structures 32, provided that angle ⁇ m is maintained at a suitable value.
- input surface 34 lies against the surface of light guiding plate 14.
- Light collecting structures 32 may be fabricated as part of a film, then attached to light guiding plate 14, with each light collecting structure 32 attached at input surface 34.
- light collecting structures 32 may be molded or otherwise formed as an integral part of the surface of light guiding plate 14.
- the same transparent material is typically used for fabrication of both light collecting structure 32 and light guiding plate 14, whether light collecting structure 32 is separately fabricated or is integral to light guiding plate 14.
- This arrangement allows the same index of refraction n for both light collecting structure 32 and light guiding plate 14.
- TIR for a structure in air
- ⁇ rm critical angle
- the present invention takes advantage of the light-handling behavior of a parabolic collector, as shown by light collecting structure 32 in Fig. 3, in one direction. Referring to Fig.
- each linear light-collecting structure 42 can be considered as defined by a pair of grooves 45. It can be observed that the sides of each groove 45 are generally concave, thus forming the sides of light-collecting structures 42 to have a substantially convex shape.
- Fig. 4b shows an alternate embodiment, in which brightness enhancement film 30 also has an additional output surface 36 that provides support structure for individual light collecting structures 42.
- FIG. 5 the three-dimensional structure of brightness enhancement film 30 in one embodiment is shown, with light collecting structures 42 exaggerated in size for illustrating key relationships.
- Each individual linear light-collecting structure 42 extends along the input side of brightness enhancement film 30 in a length direction L along the film.
- linear light-collecting structures 42 appear as ribs or ridges (from the perspective of light guiding plate 14).
- light angles in the W direction can be redirected, in the manner shown in Fig. 3, using brightness enhancement film 30.
- light collecting structures 42 extend along the direction of length L, substantially in parallel with the central axis of light source 18, a CCFL bulb.
- a combination of light-directing structures redirect light as part of an illumination system 58 for a display apparatus 60.
- a single light source 18 provides light to a light guiding plate 54 having a reflective surface 24. Alternately, multiple light sources 18 could be provided. From the front view of Fig.
- Illumination system 58 delivers source illumination to an LCD component 20.
- An optional light conditioning article 64 could be provided for illumination system 58, as shown in dotted outline in Fig. 7.
- Light conditioning article 64 could be, for example, a reflective polarizer or a diffuser. Multiple light conditioning articles 64 could be used in combination for supporting illumination system 58. It must be emphasized that illumination system 58 components are not drawn to scale in Figs. 5, 6a, 6b, or 7; these and other figures exaggerate size in an effort to show overall function of each component.
- Fig. 6b shows a side view in which display apparatus 60 is rotated orthogonally from its position in Fig. 6a (in the plane of input surface 44). From the view of Fig. 6b, only the outermost light collecting structure 42 would be visible, as it extends along length L of brightness enhancement film 30.
- a prism array structure 50 is provided above bottom reflective surface 22.
- structures on prism array structure 50 run in an orthogonal direction to grooves 45 that define linear light-collecting structures 42. The orthogonal orientation of prism array structure 50 with respect to brightness enhancement film 30 thus provides redirection of illumination in both W and L directions.
- Prism array structure 50 can be formed on the base of light guiding plate 14 by molding or by some other method. Optimizing the Cross-Sectional Shape of Light-Collecting Structures 42 Referring back to Fig. 3 , the theoretical performance of light collecting structure 32 having side walls 38 that closely follow a parabolic profile was shown for a small number of rays R. In order to adapt this principle to practical applications and to be able to fabricate brightness enhancement film 30 at lower cost, it would be beneficial to understand more clearly how light collecting structure 32 operates. Then, armed with a more precise knowledge of light behavior through light collecting structure 32, it is possible to adapt the idealized shape of light collecting structure 32 (Fig. 3) to the practical application of light collecting structure 42 (Fig. 4a) of brightness enhancement film 30.
- Fig. 8a there is shown a cross-sectional shape of side wall 38 of light collecting structure 32, with key dimensions and angular relationships.
- angle ⁇ m defines the maximum beam angle, relative to normal, for the given cross-sectional shape of light collecting structure 32. This means that light entering light collecting structure 32 at input aperture 33 is at some angle ⁇ where ⁇ m ⁇ ⁇ 90° (2)
- angle ⁇ m is as shown in Fig. 3.
- Dimensions r . and ro in Fig. 8a are, respectively, input and output aperture radii of light collecting structure 32.
- the point at which a ray at angle > impinges on side wall 38 is represented using the following notation P(x( ⁇ ; ⁇ m , ⁇ r ), z( ⁇ ; ⁇ m , ⁇ r )) (3)
- value ⁇ is a variable that determines position along side wall 38 of light collecting structure 32; values ⁇ m and ⁇ r are selectable design parameters.
- angle ⁇ m controls the overall angular range and angle ⁇ r controls the angular location of the luminance peak. Therefore, the angle ⁇ r can also be controlled to minimize or eliminate crossing effects, as explained subsequently.
- a rule-of-thumb value for ⁇ r is computed using:
- Typical values for ⁇ r are within the 10 - 30 degree range. Note that that ⁇ m is not necessarily equal to the angular range of luminance, but is proportional to this angular range. Likewise, ⁇ r is not equal to the angular location of the highest peak in luminance distribution, but determines the location of this peak.
- a first step in optimizing the shape of light collecting structure 32 is to select a suitable value for the input aperture radius, r . . Significant considerations for doing this include relative size; as r . diminishes, light collecting structures 32 become less visible and maybe less likely to cause Moire patterns. However, if r,- is too small, light collecting structures 32 maybe more difficult to fabricate.
- some lower bound ⁇ !ower that is generally larger than ⁇ m .
- This lower bound ⁇ lower can then be used, along with design parameter values ⁇ m and ⁇ r , to determine the output radius r 0 and height h of light collecting structure 32.
- TIR is utilized to contain a light beam until it emerges from light guiding structure 32. Due to Fresnel's law, once a beam enters light guiding plate 14, its beam angle ⁇ t relative to the Y-axis, as shown in Fig.
- n the refractive index of light guiding plate 14. Because light guiding structure 32 has the same (or very nearly the same) refractive index n, this angular restriction also applies within light guiding structure 32.
- Fig.8 c there is shown (as a dotted line) the path of a beam entering light guiding structure 32 at the most extreme possible angle, ⁇ iR. Relative to the normal (Z-axis), every other beam of light entering light guiding structure 32 is greater than or equal to:
- Step 1 Determine values for r t and ⁇ m .
- ⁇ 25 ⁇ m .
- Step 2 Determine value for ⁇ r .
- # r can be about 10 degrees. Choose a practical value, for example, 8 degrees.
- Step 3 Determine a value for parameter ⁇ hwer .
- n l.49.
- Step 4 Compute values of radius r 0 and height h, using equation (11).
- ray Q in Fig. 8b can be considered to be the same as ray Q' in Fig. 9a. Due to this effect, it is possible to reduce height h, as is shown in the cross-sectional ray diagram of Fig. 9b, using the minimum height h specified in equation (11). This provides a number of practical advantages for fabrication of brightness enhancement film 30, simplifying manufacture and enhancing mechanical stability. This modification also boosts brightness by improving the overall fill factor. The problem of crossing effect was described above with respect to Fig. 4a. Referring back to the side view of Fig.
- FIG. 4a it can be observed that rays from opposite directions can enter the same light collecting structure 42 and may cross at a crossing point 48 along the transmission path. Where this behavior occurs, unwanted crossing effects may cause off-axis peak brightness enhancement film 30 output. It has been shown that crossing effect can be minimized by rotating a side wall with an angle of ⁇ r .
- the sequence of Figs. 10a and 10b shows how this crossing effect can be minimized by a slight change to the side wall 38 curvature of light collecting structure 42, without increasing the relative height h.
- Crossing point 48 from rays R in the embodiment of Fig. 10a is corrected by the resulting change of TIR behavior within light collecting structure 42 caused by reshaping side walls 38. Rotation of side wall 38, as shown in Fig.
- Luminance curves 26 in Figs. 11a and 1 lb show the effect of optimizing side wall 38 curvature, as shown in corresponding Figs. 10a and 10b and as described above with reference to Figs. 9a, 9b, and 9c. Without optimization of side wall 38 curvature, off-axis peaks 62 can occur as is shown in Fig. 11a. By optimizing the curvature of side walls 38, on-axis performance can be improved, as is shown in Fig. 1 lb. Materials Used In general, brightness enhancement film 30 can be formed in a number of ways.
- brightness enhancement film 30 is formed from an acrylic film; however, brightness enhancement film 30 may be formed from any of various types of transparent materials, including polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), for example.
- a requirement for the base substrate is an index of refraction, n, that is at least about 2 or greater.
- the material used for brightness enhancement film 30 should have an index of refraction n that is identical to, or nearly the same as, the index of refraction n of light guiding plate 14, 54.
- Typical Dimensions. Shape, and Fabrication Typical preferred values and ranges for brightness enhancement film 30 fabricated according to the present invention include the following: (i) Pitch K between adjacent light collecting structures 42 (Fig. 5): 80 microns.
- This value is typically between 10 - 200 microns.
- Height H (Fig. 9b): 25 microns. The height value is typically in the range from 10 - 100 microns. A number of factors determine the optimal height for a specific application, including aperture sizes and side wall 38 curvature.
- Prism angle for prism array structure 50 (Fig. 6b): 100 ° .
- Ratio of input aperture to output aperture in the range from 1 : 1.5 to 1:10.
- Brightness enhancement film 30 can be used to improve uniformity for surface-imaging devices that have non-uniform brightness characteristics. In order to be useful for this purpose, a non-uniform structuring and spatial distribution of light collecting structures 42 themselves can be used.
- Non-uniform structuring can be achieved, for example, by changes to the direction of light collecting structures 42 along a length.
- spatial uniformity for brightness enhancement film 30 may be enhanced using grooves 45 that do not run precisely in parallel along the input surface of the substrate used for brightness enhancement film 30.
- Pitch K can also be varied as necessary to provide improved uniformity. Referring to the side view of Fig. 12, there is shown one arrangement in which non-homogeneous distribution of light collecting structures 42 is used. Here, the further the distance from light source 18, the tighter the spacing of pitch KI , K2, K3, K4, K5, and K6 used between light collecting structures 42. Where two light sources 18 are used, pitch K could be at a minimum at the center of a sheet of brightness enhancement film 30.
- FIG. 13 there is shown an arrangement of light collecting structures 42 for light source 18 as a point source.
- Light source 18 could be an LED, for example.
- light collecting structures 42 are suitably curved to improve luminance and uniformity.
- Fig. 14 shows other possible modifications to light collecting structures 42, including changing breadth dimensions Bl and B2 at various locations along the length of light collecting structure 42.
- Another alternative is to vary the path of light collecting structures 42 as shown in Fig. 14, employing a regular or irregular undulating variation to a linear arrangement. This strategy could be used to reduce moire patterning, for example.
- Brightness enhancement film 30 of the present invention can be fabricated in a number of ways, such as using methods for forming grooves 45 (Fig. 4a) in a sheet of substrate material, for example.
- Scribing of a substrate is one possible method for forming light collecting structures 42.
- Various molding techniques could alternately be employed for forming light collecting structures 42, such as molding, including injection roll molding, using web-based fabrication, or extrusion molding, using an extrusion plate.
- Brightness enhancement film 30 could be fabricated as a sheet and laminated onto an existing type of light providing surface such as a light guiding plate, for example. For using brightness enhancement film 30 of the present invention in a backlighting application, such as is shown in Figs.
- the material used to form brightness enhancement film 30 has substantially the same index of refraction n as that of light guiding plate 54, to within about +/- 0.1;
- light guiding plate 54 for this embodiment does not provide a diffuser;
- input aperture 33 of light collecting structure 42 is in direct contact with light guiding plate 54, that is, the flat surface of input aperture 33 lies against light guiding plate 54 without any air gap.
- Input aperture 33 may be glued, pressed into, molded onto, formed as part of, or otherwise attached to the surface of light guiding plate 54, for example.
- light guiding plate 54 a type of light pipe, also requires a reflective surface opposite its light source, using a configuration well known to those skilled in the art of LCD backlighting techniques.
- a suitable arrangement for light guiding plate 54 is shown, with a reflective surface 24 opposite light source 18 and with external surfaces joined at right angles.
- Alternative Embodiment for Backlighting Light source 18 as shown in Fig. 5 could be a conventional CCFL fluorescent bulb or could be embodied as other types of sources.
- one or more LEDs could be used instead of the conventional CCFL bulb as light source 18, directing light into light guiding plate 14 or other suitable waveguide.
- Uses for Area Lighting Applications The above description focused primarily on use of brightness enhancement film 30 of the present invention in backlit display applications.
- the array of linearly extended light-collecting structures 42 used in the present invention could also be used in area lighting applications. The capability of these structures to accept light at a broad range of angles and redirect that light toward a normal axis suggests a range of possible uses, such as for reading lamps and surgical lighting apparatus, for example.
- Brightness enhancement film 30 of the present invention is particularly well-suited to lighting applications that provide a directed and uniform area of light. It is a feature of the present invention that it adapts light-redirecting properties used in CPCs and similar structures to achieve a highly efficient redistribution of light. Advantages of the present invention over other brightness enhancing films include improved on-axis and near-axis luminance gain and enhanced control over light distribution angles.
- the present invention provides a compact, integrated solution for brightness enhancement. Optically coupled to the light guiding plate itself, the film of the present invention requires no separation distance. The present invention does not require use of a high-quality reflective backing for the light guiding plate. Instead, the film of the present invention directs light using wave-guiding effects and Total Internal Reflection (TIR), with minimal loss from reflection.
- TIR Total Internal Reflection
- a film fabricated according to the present invention can be used with DBEF (Dual Brightness Enhancement Film) materials or with other types of reflective polarizers. It is yet a further advantage of the present invention that it allows the use of a wide range of transparent materials for brightness enhancement fabrication.
- the apparatus and methods of the present invention advantageously provide ways to improve spatial uniformity in a manufacturable brightness enhancement film design.
- the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment; However, it will be appreciated that variations and modifications can be effected by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.
- the ideal parabolic shape of Fig. 3 has particular advantages, approximations to parabolic shape are also effective for redirection of light toward the normal axis.
- the brightness enhancement film of the present invention directs off-axis light toward a normal axis relative to the film surface and is, therefore, particularly well-suited for use with LCD display devices and for other types of backlit displays.
- K, KI, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6 Pitch
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007515214A JP2008502001A (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2005-05-23 | Brightness enhancement film with condensing device |
KR1020067025463A KR101110867B1 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2005-05-23 | Brightness enhancement film with light concentrators |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/860,545 | 2004-06-03 | ||
US10/860,545 US7160017B2 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2004-06-03 | Brightness enhancement film using a linear arrangement of light concentrators |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005121850A1 true WO2005121850A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 |
Family
ID=35064890
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2005/017903 WO2005121850A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 | 2005-05-23 | Brightness enhancement film with light concentrators |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7160017B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2008502001A (en) |
KR (1) | KR101110867B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100437166C (en) |
TW (1) | TW200609611A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005121850A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009010207A2 (en) * | 2007-07-18 | 2009-01-22 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Light-guiding surface structure |
JP2009093173A (en) * | 2007-10-04 | 2009-04-30 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | Light guide plate and backlight device provided with the same |
JP2009122239A (en) * | 2007-11-13 | 2009-06-04 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Luminance improved panel |
KR101224638B1 (en) * | 2006-02-07 | 2013-01-22 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Prism sheet having reflective layer, back light unit and liquid crystal display having the same |
Families Citing this family (150)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5910854A (en) | 1993-02-26 | 1999-06-08 | Donnelly Corporation | Electrochromic polymeric solid films, manufacturing electrochromic devices using such solid films, and processes for making such solid films and devices |
US5668663A (en) | 1994-05-05 | 1997-09-16 | Donnelly Corporation | Electrochromic mirrors and devices |
US6891563B2 (en) | 1996-05-22 | 2005-05-10 | Donnelly Corporation | Vehicular vision system |
US6172613B1 (en) * | 1998-02-18 | 2001-01-09 | Donnelly Corporation | Rearview mirror assembly incorporating vehicle information display |
US6326613B1 (en) | 1998-01-07 | 2001-12-04 | Donnelly Corporation | Vehicle interior mirror assembly adapted for containing a rain sensor |
US6124886A (en) | 1997-08-25 | 2000-09-26 | Donnelly Corporation | Modular rearview mirror assembly |
US8294975B2 (en) | 1997-08-25 | 2012-10-23 | Donnelly Corporation | Automotive rearview mirror assembly |
US8288711B2 (en) | 1998-01-07 | 2012-10-16 | Donnelly Corporation | Interior rearview mirror system with forwardly-viewing camera and a control |
US6445287B1 (en) | 2000-02-28 | 2002-09-03 | Donnelly Corporation | Tire inflation assistance monitoring system |
US6693517B2 (en) | 2000-04-21 | 2004-02-17 | Donnelly Corporation | Vehicle mirror assembly communicating wirelessly with vehicle accessories and occupants |
US6329925B1 (en) | 1999-11-24 | 2001-12-11 | Donnelly Corporation | Rearview mirror assembly with added feature modular display |
US6477464B2 (en) | 2000-03-09 | 2002-11-05 | Donnelly Corporation | Complete mirror-based global-positioning system (GPS) navigation solution |
US7370983B2 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2008-05-13 | Donnelly Corporation | Interior mirror assembly with display |
US7167796B2 (en) | 2000-03-09 | 2007-01-23 | Donnelly Corporation | Vehicle navigation system for use with a telematics system |
EP1263626A2 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2002-12-11 | Donnelly Corporation | Video mirror systems incorporating an accessory module |
WO2007053710A2 (en) * | 2005-11-01 | 2007-05-10 | Donnelly Corporation | Interior rearview mirror with display |
US7581859B2 (en) | 2005-09-14 | 2009-09-01 | Donnelly Corp. | Display device for exterior rearview mirror |
ATE363413T1 (en) | 2001-01-23 | 2007-06-15 | Donnelly Corp | IMPROVED VEHICLE LIGHTING SYSTEM |
US7255451B2 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2007-08-14 | Donnelly Corporation | Electro-optic mirror cell |
US6918674B2 (en) | 2002-05-03 | 2005-07-19 | Donnelly Corporation | Vehicle rearview mirror system |
US7329013B2 (en) | 2002-06-06 | 2008-02-12 | Donnelly Corporation | Interior rearview mirror system with compass |
WO2003105099A1 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2003-12-18 | Donnelly Corporation | Interior rearview mirror system with compass |
US7310177B2 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2007-12-18 | Donnelly Corporation | Electro-optic reflective element assembly |
AU2003278863A1 (en) | 2002-09-20 | 2004-04-08 | Donnelly Corporation | Mirror reflective element assembly |
ATE372895T1 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2007-09-15 | Donnelly Corp | AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SYSTEM FOR VEHICLES |
US7446924B2 (en) | 2003-10-02 | 2008-11-04 | Donnelly Corporation | Mirror reflective element assembly including electronic component |
US7308341B2 (en) | 2003-10-14 | 2007-12-11 | Donnelly Corporation | Vehicle communication system |
US7430355B2 (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2008-09-30 | University Of Cincinnati | Light emissive signage devices based on lightwave coupling |
US20050185416A1 (en) * | 2004-02-24 | 2005-08-25 | Eastman Kodak Company | Brightness enhancement film using light concentrator array |
TW200602585A (en) * | 2004-03-16 | 2006-01-16 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | High brightness illumination device with incoherent solid state light source |
US7160017B2 (en) * | 2004-06-03 | 2007-01-09 | Eastman Kodak Company | Brightness enhancement film using a linear arrangement of light concentrators |
TWI293707B (en) * | 2004-06-08 | 2008-02-21 | Prodisc Technology Inc | Liquid crystal display and backlight module |
US7813026B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2010-10-12 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | System and method of reducing color shift in a display |
US7278771B2 (en) * | 2004-11-22 | 2007-10-09 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical film |
GB0427607D0 (en) * | 2004-12-16 | 2005-01-19 | Microsharp Corp Ltd | Structured optical film |
ATE517368T1 (en) | 2005-05-16 | 2011-08-15 | Donnelly Corp | VEHICLE MIRROR ARRANGEMENT WITH CHARACTER ON THE REFLECTIVE PART |
US20070019434A1 (en) * | 2005-07-22 | 2007-01-25 | Eastman Kodak Company | Turning film having variable pitch |
US7720347B2 (en) | 2006-03-28 | 2010-05-18 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Backlight having all-in-one type light guide plate and method of manufacturing all-in-one type light guide plate |
FR2901345B1 (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2008-07-18 | Valeo Vision Sa | LIGHTING AND / OR SIGNALING DEVICE FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE. |
KR20070112312A (en) * | 2006-05-20 | 2007-11-23 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Back light assembly and liquid crystal display apparatus having the same |
TWM304683U (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-01-11 | Coretronic Corp | Edge-type backlight module |
US8107155B2 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2012-01-31 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | System and method for reducing visual artifacts in displays |
US7661862B2 (en) | 2006-12-07 | 2010-02-16 | Skc Haas Display Films Co., Ltd. | LCD display backlight using elongated illuminators |
EP1944630B1 (en) | 2007-01-09 | 2011-06-22 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Backlight having all-in-one type light guide plate and method of manufacturing all-in-one type light guide plate |
JP4893378B2 (en) * | 2007-03-07 | 2012-03-07 | ソニー株式会社 | LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE, DISPLAY DEVICE AND DISPLAY DEVICE MANUFACTURING METHOD |
US7733439B2 (en) * | 2007-04-30 | 2010-06-08 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Dual film light guide for illuminating displays |
ES2642209T3 (en) * | 2007-05-01 | 2017-11-15 | Morgan Solar Inc. | Solar light guide panel and its manufacturing method |
US7780330B2 (en) | 2007-05-16 | 2010-08-24 | Rohm And Haas Electronics Materials Llc | Elongated illuminators configuration for LCD displays |
KR101400285B1 (en) * | 2007-08-03 | 2014-05-30 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Front light unit and flat display apparatus employing the same |
US20090040771A1 (en) * | 2007-08-08 | 2009-02-12 | Rohm And Haas Denmark Finance A/S | Thin light guiding plate and methods of manufacturing |
JPWO2009028226A1 (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2010-11-25 | シャープ株式会社 | Optical member manufacturing method, optical member manufacturing base material, transfer mold, display device illumination device, display device, and television receiver |
KR101345384B1 (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2013-12-24 | 삼성전자주식회사 | light guide plate, lighting apparatus using the plate and fabrication method of the plate |
US7830592B1 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2010-11-09 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Display devices having micro-reflectors |
US8237892B1 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2012-08-07 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Display device with a brightness enhancement structure |
US7845826B2 (en) | 2008-01-15 | 2010-12-07 | Skc Haas Display Films Co., Ltd. | Multilayered integrated backlight illumination assembly |
US8721149B2 (en) | 2008-01-30 | 2014-05-13 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Illumination device having a tapered light guide |
JP2011512006A (en) | 2008-01-30 | 2011-04-14 | デジタル オプティクス インターナショナル,リミティド ライアビリティ カンパニー | Thin lighting system |
US8654061B2 (en) | 2008-02-12 | 2014-02-18 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Integrated front light solution |
WO2009102731A2 (en) | 2008-02-12 | 2009-08-20 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Devices and methods for enhancing brightness of displays using angle conversion layers |
WO2009108896A1 (en) | 2008-02-27 | 2009-09-03 | Brilliant Film, Llc | Concentrators for solar power generating systems |
US8437069B2 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2013-05-07 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Luminance enhancement structure for reflective display devices |
US8395836B2 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2013-03-12 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Luminance enhancement structure for reflective display devices |
US8154418B2 (en) | 2008-03-31 | 2012-04-10 | Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. | Interior rearview mirror system |
US8049951B2 (en) | 2008-04-15 | 2011-11-01 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Light with bi-directional propagation |
EP2291694A2 (en) | 2008-05-28 | 2011-03-09 | QUALCOMM MEMS Technologies, Inc. | Light guide panel with light turning microstructure, method of fabrication thereof, and display device |
US20100046249A1 (en) * | 2008-08-19 | 2010-02-25 | Mai Chien-Chin | Optic film and backlight module using same |
US8358266B2 (en) | 2008-09-02 | 2013-01-22 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Light turning device with prismatic light turning features |
WO2010042564A2 (en) * | 2008-10-06 | 2010-04-15 | Uni-Pixel Displays, Inc. | Cavity reflector light injection for flat panel displays |
EP2350526B1 (en) | 2008-10-10 | 2014-12-31 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc | Distributed illumination system |
US9487144B2 (en) | 2008-10-16 | 2016-11-08 | Magna Mirrors Of America, Inc. | Interior mirror assembly with display |
KR101580992B1 (en) * | 2008-11-10 | 2015-12-30 | 삼성전자주식회사 | All-in-one type light guide plate having a light emitting part with curved sidewall method of fabricating the same and display apparatus employing the same |
US8441414B2 (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2013-05-14 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Luminance enhancement structure with Moiré reducing design |
CN102272667A (en) * | 2009-01-09 | 2011-12-07 | 夏普株式会社 | Liquid crystal display apparatus and backlight |
CN102272516A (en) | 2009-01-13 | 2011-12-07 | 高通Mems科技公司 | large area light panel and screen |
US9025234B2 (en) * | 2009-01-22 | 2015-05-05 | E Ink California, Llc | Luminance enhancement structure with varying pitches |
KR101571777B1 (en) * | 2009-03-06 | 2015-11-26 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | Light guide unit and display apparatus having the same |
US8120836B2 (en) * | 2009-03-09 | 2012-02-21 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Luminance enhancement structure for reflective display devices |
US8714780B2 (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2014-05-06 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Display devices with grooved luminance enhancement film |
KR20120030460A (en) | 2009-05-29 | 2012-03-28 | 퀄컴 엠이엠스 테크놀로지스, 인크. | Illumination devices and methods of fabrication thereof |
US8797633B1 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2014-08-05 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Display device assembly and manufacture thereof |
US8456589B1 (en) | 2009-07-27 | 2013-06-04 | Sipix Imaging, Inc. | Display device assembly |
EP2309316A1 (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2011-04-13 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | LED illumination unit with structured dispersion film |
SG181652A1 (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2012-07-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | Light redirecting film laminate |
KR101687016B1 (en) | 2010-01-06 | 2016-12-16 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Method of manufacturing a surface light source device |
TW201133040A (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-10-01 | Hon Hai Prec Ind Co Ltd | Light concentrating device and backlight module |
CA2796519A1 (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2011-10-20 | Flex Lighting Ii, Llc | Illumination device comprising a film-based lightguide |
CN102918435A (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2013-02-06 | 弗莱克斯照明第二有限责任公司 | Sign comprising a film-based lightguide |
US9028123B2 (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2015-05-12 | Flex Lighting Ii, Llc | Display illumination device with a film-based lightguide having stacked incident surfaces |
US8469574B2 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2013-06-25 | Chi Lin Technology Co., Ltd. | Optical component, backlight module and display apparatus using same |
US8596849B2 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2013-12-03 | Chi Lin Technology Co., Ltd. | Optical component, backlight module and display apparatus using same |
CN103201654A (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2013-07-10 | 尤尼皮克塞尔显示器有限公司 | Rotated micro-optical structures for banding suppression from point light sources |
US8402647B2 (en) | 2010-08-25 | 2013-03-26 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies Inc. | Methods of manufacturing illumination systems |
US8902484B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2014-12-02 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Holographic brightness enhancement film |
US8885995B2 (en) | 2011-02-07 | 2014-11-11 | Morgan Solar Inc. | Light-guide solar energy concentrator |
EP2683980B1 (en) | 2011-03-09 | 2022-10-26 | Azumo, Inc. | Light emitting device with adjustable light output profile |
WO2013028972A1 (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2013-02-28 | Laser Energetics, Inc. | Led brilliant illumination light pipe lighting |
JP5243590B2 (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2013-07-24 | ライツ・アドバンスト・テクノロジー株式会社 | Flat lighting unit |
US8328403B1 (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2012-12-11 | Morgan Solar Inc. | Light guide illumination devices |
US9223080B2 (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2015-12-29 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Light guide with narrow angle light output and methods |
DE102012105412A1 (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2013-12-24 | International Automotive Components Group Gmbh | Illuminable cladding component for a vehicle and method for its manufacture |
EP2966482B1 (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2023-03-01 | National Yang-Ming University | Prism and optical detection system applying same |
CN103779489A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-05-07 | 迪源光电股份有限公司 | Light-emitting diode with light guiding hole structure |
DE202014103304U1 (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2015-10-21 | Zumtobel Lighting Gmbh | Luminaire assembly and thus equipped lighting device |
KR102372085B1 (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2022-03-08 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 2d/3d switchable backlight unit and image display apparatus using the same |
DE202015101870U1 (en) | 2015-04-16 | 2016-07-19 | Zumtobel Lighting Gmbh | Optical system and arrangement for emitting light |
WO2017022800A1 (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2017-02-09 | シャープ株式会社 | Photo-alignment control part, lighting device and liquid crystal display device |
DE202015104088U1 (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2016-11-09 | Zumtobel Lighting Gmbh | Luminaire optics and luminaire comprising the luminaire optics |
KR101710520B1 (en) * | 2015-10-02 | 2017-02-27 | 한국과학기술원 | Backlight unit capable of local dimming |
DE102015122768A1 (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-06-29 | Temicon Gmbh | Plate-shaped optical element for coupling out light |
WO2017218716A1 (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2017-12-21 | Tang Paul E | Light ray concentrator |
JP2018018723A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2018-02-01 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Light guide plate, surface light source device, display device |
DE102016218712A1 (en) | 2016-09-28 | 2018-03-29 | Zumtobel Lighting Gmbh | Optical system for a luminaire, as well as a luminaire |
CN106597599A (en) | 2017-01-17 | 2017-04-26 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Backlight module, display panel and display device |
CN107065061B (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2020-02-14 | 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 | Light guide plate and direct type backlight assembly |
EP3622342A4 (en) | 2017-05-08 | 2021-02-17 | RealD Spark, LLC | Optical stack for directional display |
CN107256681B (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2023-05-09 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Lamp box cloth and lamp box |
CN107238889A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-10-10 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Preparation method, light modulation structure, backlight module and the display device of light modulation structure |
TW201921060A (en) | 2017-09-15 | 2019-06-01 | 美商瑞爾D斯帕克有限責任公司 | Optical stack for switchable directional display |
EP3707554B1 (en) | 2017-11-06 | 2023-09-13 | RealD Spark, LLC | Privacy display apparatus |
US10976578B2 (en) | 2018-01-25 | 2021-04-13 | Reald Spark, Llc | Reflective optical stack for privacy display |
CA3089477A1 (en) | 2018-01-25 | 2019-08-01 | Reald Spark, Llc | Touch screen for privacy display |
CN112075076B (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2023-05-02 | 瑞尔D斯帕克有限责任公司 | Light guide for directional backlight |
WO2020005748A1 (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2020-01-02 | Reald Spark, Llc | Optical stack for privacy display |
US11073735B2 (en) | 2018-07-18 | 2021-07-27 | Reald Spark, Llc | Optical stack for switchable directional display |
WO2020146091A1 (en) | 2019-01-07 | 2020-07-16 | Reald Spark, Llc | Optical stack for privacy display |
WO2020167680A1 (en) | 2019-02-12 | 2020-08-20 | Reald Spark, Llc | Diffuser for privacy display |
TW202102883A (en) | 2019-07-02 | 2021-01-16 | 美商瑞爾D斯帕克有限責任公司 | Directional display apparatus |
WO2021067638A1 (en) | 2019-10-02 | 2021-04-08 | Reald Spark, Llc | Privacy display apparatus |
CN114868050A (en) | 2019-11-13 | 2022-08-05 | 瑞尔D斯帕克有限责任公司 | Display device with uniform off-axis brightness reduction |
CN114761844A (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2022-07-15 | 瑞尔D斯帕克有限责任公司 | Control of reflection of display device |
US11209657B2 (en) | 2020-01-24 | 2021-12-28 | Valve Corporation | Position tracking system for head-mounted display systems that includes angle sensitive detectors |
US11073906B1 (en) | 2020-01-27 | 2021-07-27 | Valve Corporation | Eye tracking system for head-mounted display devices |
US11320692B2 (en) | 2020-02-03 | 2022-05-03 | Valve Corporation | Spatially varying polarizer for display backlight |
KR20220140540A (en) | 2020-02-06 | 2022-10-18 | 밸브 코포레이션 | Micro-Lens Array Polarization Recycling Optics for Illumination Optics |
KR20220131330A (en) | 2020-02-06 | 2022-09-27 | 밸브 코포레이션 | Corrective Polarization Compensation Optics for Display Systems |
CN115039018A (en) | 2020-02-06 | 2022-09-09 | 威尔乌集团 | View based optical correction using spatially varying polarizers |
JP2023512879A (en) | 2020-02-06 | 2023-03-30 | バルブ コーポレーション | Spatial/temporal polarization correction optical system for scanning beam system |
WO2021158805A1 (en) | 2020-02-06 | 2021-08-12 | Valve Corporation | Variable optical correction using spatially varying polarizers |
WO2021158804A1 (en) | 2020-02-06 | 2021-08-12 | Valve Corporation | Position tracking system for head-mounted display systems |
KR20220134774A (en) | 2020-02-06 | 2022-10-05 | 밸브 코포레이션 | Polarization-multiplexed optics for head-worn display systems |
US11487120B2 (en) | 2020-02-06 | 2022-11-01 | Valve Corporation | Polarization compensation for wire grid polarizer of head-mounted display system |
JP2023512878A (en) | 2020-02-11 | 2023-03-30 | バルブ コーポレーション | Polarization-based multiplexing of diffractive elements for illumination optics |
WO2021162781A1 (en) | 2020-02-11 | 2021-08-19 | Valve Corporation | Polarimetry camera for high fidelity surface characterization measurements |
CN115997146A (en) | 2020-04-30 | 2023-04-21 | 瑞尔D斯帕克有限责任公司 | Directional display device |
WO2021222598A1 (en) | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-04 | Reald Spark, Llc | Directional display apparatus |
US11668963B2 (en) | 2020-04-30 | 2023-06-06 | Reald Spark, Llc | Directional display apparatus |
WO2022026536A1 (en) | 2020-07-29 | 2022-02-03 | Reald Spark, Llc | Backlight for switchable directional display |
TW202204818A (en) | 2020-07-29 | 2022-02-01 | 美商瑞爾D斯帕克有限責任公司 | Pupillated illumination apparatus |
US11892717B2 (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2024-02-06 | Reald Spark, Llc | Marks for privacy display |
US11892718B2 (en) | 2022-04-07 | 2024-02-06 | Reald Spark, Llc | Directional display apparatus |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5598281A (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 1997-01-28 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Backlight assembly for improved illumination employing tapered optical elements |
EP0762182A1 (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 1997-03-12 | THOMSON multimedia | Backlighting system for electro-optic modulator and display device using the same |
US6129439A (en) * | 1993-11-05 | 2000-10-10 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Illumination system employing an array of multi-faceted microprisms |
WO2004003604A1 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-01-08 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Light-collimating system |
WO2005083478A1 (en) * | 2004-02-24 | 2005-09-09 | Eastman Kodak Company | Brightness enhancement film using light concentrator array and light guiding plate, illumination system, and display apparatus using the same |
Family Cites Families (32)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4003638A (en) * | 1973-12-28 | 1977-01-18 | The University Of Chicago | Radiant energy collection |
US4002499A (en) * | 1974-07-26 | 1977-01-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration | Radiant energy collector |
US4799050A (en) * | 1986-10-23 | 1989-01-17 | Litton Systems Canada Limited | Full color liquid crystal display |
KR0168879B1 (en) * | 1992-12-25 | 1999-04-15 | 기따지마 요시또시 | Renticular lens, surface light source and liquid crystal display apparatus |
US5396406A (en) * | 1993-02-01 | 1995-03-07 | Display Technology Industries | Thin high efficiency illumination system for display devices |
US5555329A (en) * | 1993-11-05 | 1996-09-10 | Alliesignal Inc. | Light directing optical structure |
US5521725A (en) * | 1993-11-05 | 1996-05-28 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Illumination system employing an array of microprisms |
US5396350A (en) * | 1993-11-05 | 1995-03-07 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Backlighting apparatus employing an array of microprisms |
US5428468A (en) * | 1993-11-05 | 1995-06-27 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Illumination system employing an array of microprisms |
US5748828A (en) * | 1993-11-10 | 1998-05-05 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Color separating backlight |
US5629784A (en) * | 1994-04-12 | 1997-05-13 | Ois Optical Imaging Systems, Inc. | Liquid crystal display with holographic diffuser and prism sheet on viewer side |
JP2742880B2 (en) * | 1994-08-12 | 1998-04-22 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Surface light source, display device using the same, and light diffusion sheet used for them |
US5611611A (en) * | 1994-10-05 | 1997-03-18 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Rear projection type display system |
JPH08221013A (en) | 1994-12-15 | 1996-08-30 | Sony Corp | Plane display device and backlight device for the plane display device |
US5839812A (en) * | 1995-07-18 | 1998-11-24 | Gl Displays, Inc. | Flat parallel light source |
JP3653308B2 (en) * | 1995-08-01 | 2005-05-25 | 日東樹脂工業株式会社 | Surface light source device and liquid crystal display |
US5917664A (en) * | 1996-02-05 | 1999-06-29 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Brightness enhancement film with soft cutoff |
US5825543A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1998-10-20 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Diffusely reflecting polarizing element including a first birefringent phase and a second phase |
US5839823A (en) * | 1996-03-26 | 1998-11-24 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Back-coupled illumination system with light recycling |
US6280063B1 (en) * | 1997-05-09 | 2001-08-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Brightness enhancement article |
JPH10335618A (en) | 1997-05-20 | 1998-12-18 | Hewlett Packard Co <Hp> | Photo sensor array |
JP2000164016A (en) * | 1998-09-24 | 2000-06-16 | Sharp Corp | Surface light source device |
US6752505B2 (en) * | 1999-02-23 | 2004-06-22 | Solid State Opto Limited | Light redirecting films and film systems |
US6277471B1 (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2001-08-21 | Shih Chieh Tang | Brightness enhancement film |
US6356391B1 (en) * | 1999-10-08 | 2002-03-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical film with variable angle prisms |
KR100806093B1 (en) * | 2000-04-27 | 2008-02-21 | 가부시키가이샤 구라레 | Planar light source and display device using the same |
US6384320B1 (en) * | 2000-10-13 | 2002-05-07 | Leon Lung-Chen Chen | Solar compound concentrator of electric power generation system for residential homes |
TW594119B (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2004-06-21 | Au Optronics Corp | Backlight module for thin film transistor liquid crystal display |
TWI247927B (en) * | 2002-08-15 | 2006-01-21 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co | Planar light source apparatus and light guide used therein |
US7164819B2 (en) * | 2003-03-10 | 2007-01-16 | Fiberstars, Inc. | Side-light extraction by light pipe-surface alteration and light-extraction devices extending radially beyond the outer cladding |
US7160017B2 (en) * | 2004-06-03 | 2007-01-09 | Eastman Kodak Company | Brightness enhancement film using a linear arrangement of light concentrators |
DE102005017528A1 (en) * | 2004-08-27 | 2006-03-09 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Illuminant with predetermined emission characteristic and primary optic element for a light source |
-
2004
- 2004-06-03 US US10/860,545 patent/US7160017B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-05-23 CN CNB2005800181909A patent/CN100437166C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-05-23 KR KR1020067025463A patent/KR101110867B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2005-05-23 WO PCT/US2005/017903 patent/WO2005121850A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-05-23 JP JP2007515214A patent/JP2008502001A/en active Pending
- 2005-06-02 TW TW094118219A patent/TW200609611A/en unknown
-
2006
- 2006-07-10 US US11/483,830 patent/US7581867B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6129439A (en) * | 1993-11-05 | 2000-10-10 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Illumination system employing an array of multi-faceted microprisms |
US5598281A (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 1997-01-28 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Backlight assembly for improved illumination employing tapered optical elements |
EP0762182A1 (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 1997-03-12 | THOMSON multimedia | Backlighting system for electro-optic modulator and display device using the same |
WO2004003604A1 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-01-08 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Light-collimating system |
WO2005083478A1 (en) * | 2004-02-24 | 2005-09-09 | Eastman Kodak Company | Brightness enhancement film using light concentrator array and light guiding plate, illumination system, and display apparatus using the same |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101224638B1 (en) * | 2006-02-07 | 2013-01-22 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Prism sheet having reflective layer, back light unit and liquid crystal display having the same |
WO2009010207A2 (en) * | 2007-07-18 | 2009-01-22 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Light-guiding surface structure |
WO2009010207A3 (en) * | 2007-07-18 | 2009-04-09 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Light-guiding surface structure |
JP2009093173A (en) * | 2007-10-04 | 2009-04-30 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | Light guide plate and backlight device provided with the same |
JP2009122239A (en) * | 2007-11-13 | 2009-06-04 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Luminance improved panel |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7160017B2 (en) | 2007-01-09 |
CN100437166C (en) | 2008-11-26 |
CN1965253A (en) | 2007-05-16 |
US20060250819A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
KR101110867B1 (en) | 2012-02-17 |
US7581867B2 (en) | 2009-09-01 |
JP2008502001A (en) | 2008-01-24 |
KR20070028396A (en) | 2007-03-12 |
US20050270798A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
TW200609611A (en) | 2006-03-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7160017B2 (en) | Brightness enhancement film using a linear arrangement of light concentrators | |
US7663712B2 (en) | Backlight unit with linearly reduced divergence having the width of an output aperture vary over the length of a light divergence reduction structure | |
US20070047260A1 (en) | Brightness enhancement film using light concentrator array | |
US6997595B2 (en) | Brightness enhancement article having trapezoidal prism surface | |
US8162504B2 (en) | Reflector and system | |
US7780330B2 (en) | Elongated illuminators configuration for LCD displays | |
KR100951723B1 (en) | Optical sheet for back light unit | |
JP5819723B2 (en) | Hollow backlight with tilted light source | |
JPH0894844A (en) | Light transmission plate, surface light source and light non-emitting type display device using same | |
WO2004019082A1 (en) | Light source device and light polarizing element | |
WO2006073916A1 (en) | Optical film having a structured surface with concave pyramid-shaped structures | |
TW200301828A (en) | Grooved optical microstructure light collimating films | |
KR101268960B1 (en) | backlight unit | |
JP4323189B2 (en) | Optical deflection element and surface light source device | |
US20100309551A1 (en) | Optical films | |
JP2006114239A (en) | Planar light source, light guide body for planar light source and manufacturing method therefor, lighting device, signboard and liquid crystal display | |
JP4889130B2 (en) | Optical deflection element and surface light source device | |
JP3133859U (en) | Backlight | |
TW201000958A (en) | Backlight module | |
KR20030008270A (en) | backlight for liquid crystal display devices | |
US20100008064A1 (en) | Diffusion plate and backlight module using same | |
CN210465922U (en) | Diffusion plate structure, direct type backlight module and display device | |
JP2006351273A (en) | Light deflection element and light source device |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KM KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NG NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2007515214 Country of ref document: JP Ref document number: 1020067025463 Country of ref document: KR |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200580018190.9 Country of ref document: CN |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Country of ref document: DE |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1020067025463 Country of ref document: KR |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |