WO2006051056A1 - Electrochromic passive-matrix display device - Google Patents

Electrochromic passive-matrix display device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006051056A1
WO2006051056A1 PCT/EP2005/055694 EP2005055694W WO2006051056A1 WO 2006051056 A1 WO2006051056 A1 WO 2006051056A1 EP 2005055694 W EP2005055694 W EP 2005055694W WO 2006051056 A1 WO2006051056 A1 WO 2006051056A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
matrix display
passive matrix
display according
che
preceding ansprü
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2005/055694
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Christoph Brabec
Jens Hauch
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to EP05807979A priority Critical patent/EP1810075A1/en
Publication of WO2006051056A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006051056A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/155—Electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/1503—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect caused by oxidation-reduction reactions in organic liquid solutions, e.g. viologen solutions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
    • G02F2203/02—Function characteristic reflective

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a passive matrix display, in particular one with rows of single pixels, each comprising at least two electrodes and an active layer which discolors when an electrical voltage is applied to the system comprises.
  • Passive matrix displays are known, in particular from single pixel, whose active layer comprises a liquid crystal system (LCD) and / or an organic light emitting diode (OLED).
  • LCD liquid crystal system
  • OLED organic light emitting diode
  • a passive matrix display is controlled by placing the pattern to be written line by line in the display.
  • the image buildup time is therefore determined by the product of the switch-on time of a line with the number of lines. Dividing the display into segments can shorten this time.
  • the known passive matrix displays have only a very limited color palette available because of their small selection of materials for the coloring Schich ⁇ th.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a passive matrix display whose active
  • At least partially comprises electrochromic materials whose applicability for this application has hitherto been ruled out because of the scientific prejudice that their switching speed would be too slow, in particular for use in the high-resolution range of passive matrix displays. This object is achieved by the subject matter of the present independent and dependent claims, as well as by the description.
  • the invention relates to a passive matrix display which has at least one row, comprising a plurality of individual pixels, and each individual pixel has at least three layers on a substrate: a first electrode, an active electrochromic layer, a second electrode, these layers At least one of the two electrodes is semitransparent and the image structure of a line can be realized by applying the appropriate voltage in one second or less.
  • the turn-on time is 50 ms or less for 50% of the maximum contrast.
  • all individual pixels of a row have a uniform turn-on time.
  • the material of the active layer in view of its bistability, that is to say the time which the active electrochromic material remains in the state obtained by applying the electrical voltage without further impulse, is chosen such that the current through the Switching on the received contrast in a period of at least 50 turn-on times of a single pixel does not decrease by more than 25%.
  • the contrast obtained by switching on does not decrease by more than 50% over a period of about 1000 turn-on times of a single pixel. It is always particularly advantageous if the period of time in which the system remains in the "bistable state" is as long as possible.
  • the term "maximum contrast” and “contrast obtained by switching on” are understood as follows:
  • the “maximum contrast” is characterized by a switch-on contrast of at least 1: 4.
  • the contrast within the waiting time does not fall below 1: 3.
  • a certain contrast is established via the switch-on process, which is then held. Whether this corresponds to the maximum contrast achievable with a material is not relevant.
  • At least one individual pixel comprises an active material, which is distinguished by the fact that basically three functionalities are combined in one layer, a reduction / oxidation system, a color system which as a result of a reduction / reduction. Oxidation reaction when applying an electrical voltage changes its color and an electrolyte system which allows the reduction / oxidation reaction.
  • These functionalities correspond to those of the classical electrochromic layers, which consist of an active electrochromic layer which discolors as a result of oxidation or reduction or as a result of an acid / base reaction, of an electrolyte layer which transports ions and of an ion storage layer which stores ions and / or can release.
  • WO 02/075441 for this type of material.
  • the individual pixels which are arranged in a row, have a uniform switch-on time.
  • the layer thickness and / or the material, in particular the semitransparent electrode and / or the active layer is selected such that the lowest possible surface resistance and / or low power and / or power consumption of the EC system result.
  • the system is adjusted so that the voltage drop across the line is less than 25% of the voltage applied to the line.
  • An exemplary embodiment of the invention is a passive matrix display which comprises individual pixels arranged in the form of a cell, wherein the individual pixels on a flexible substrate as active component comprise at least one material from the system with a bottom electrode made of copper known from WO 02/075441 (possibly coated with nickel / gold) and a view electrode of indium tin-oxide (ITO) on semitransparent tem silver with a sheet resistance of less than 10 ⁇ / square has.
  • the invention discloses for the first time a passive matrix display based on an electrochromic system on a semitransparent electrode.

Abstract

The invention relates to a passive-matrix display, especially a display with lines of individual pixels, which comprises at least two respective electrodes and an active layer that changes color when an electric potential is applied to the system.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
ELΞKTROCHROME ANZEIGEVORRICHTUNG MIT PASSIVER MATRIXELECTROCHROME DISPLAY DEVICE WITH PASSIVE MATRIX
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Passiv-Matrix Display, insbesonde¬ re eines mit Zeilen von Einzelpixels, die jeweils mindestens zwei Elektroden und eine aktive Schicht, die sich verfärbt, wenn eine elektrische Spannung an das System angelegt wird, umfasst.The invention relates to a passive matrix display, in particular one with rows of single pixels, each comprising at least two electrodes and an active layer which discolors when an electrical voltage is applied to the system comprises.
Es sind Passiv Matrix Displays bekannt, insbesondere aus Ein¬ zelpixels, deren aktive Schicht ein Flüssigkristallsystem (LCD) und/oder eine Organische Leuchtdiode (OLED) umfasst.Passive matrix displays are known, in particular from single pixel, whose active layer comprises a liquid crystal system (LCD) and / or an organic light emitting diode (OLED).
Ein Passiv-Matrix Display wird angesteuert, indem das zu schreibende Muster zeilenweise in das Display gebracht wird. Im Bereich der hochauflösenden Displays (Mobiltelefonbereich) wird die Bildaufbauzeit daher durch das Produkt der Ein¬ schaltzeit einer Zeile mit der Anzahl der Zeilen bestimmt. Durch eine Unterteilung des Displays in Segmente lässt sich diese Zeit verkürzen. Die bekannten Passiv Matrix Displays haben jedoch nur eine sehr begrenzte Farbpalette wegen ihrer geringen Auswahl an Materialien für die farbgebenden Schich¬ ten zur Verfügung.A passive matrix display is controlled by placing the pattern to be written line by line in the display. In the field of high-resolution displays (mobile telephone area), the image buildup time is therefore determined by the product of the switch-on time of a line with the number of lines. Dividing the display into segments can shorten this time. However, the known passive matrix displays have only a very limited color palette available because of their small selection of materials for the coloring Schich¬ th.
Es besteht daher der Bedarf, Passiv Matrix Displays mit al¬ ternativen farbgebenden Schichten zur Verfügung zu stellen.There is therefore a need to provide passive matrix displays with alternative coloring layers.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, ein Passiv- Matrix-Display zur Verfügung zu stellen, dessen aktiveThe object of the present invention is therefore to provide a passive matrix display whose active
Schicht zumindest zum Teil elektrochrome Materialien umfasst, deren Einsetzbarkeit für diese Anwendung bisher ausgeschlos¬ sen wurde, weil das wissenschaftliche Vorurteil bestand, dass deren Schaltgeschwindigkeit, insbesondere für die Anwendung im hochauflösenden Bereich der Passiv Matrix Displays zu langsam wäre. Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch den Gegenstand der vorliegen¬ den unabhängigen und abhängigen Ansprüche, sowie durch die Beschreibung.At least partially comprises electrochromic materials whose applicability for this application has hitherto been ruled out because of the scientific prejudice that their switching speed would be too slow, in particular for use in the high-resolution range of passive matrix displays. This object is achieved by the subject matter of the present independent and dependent claims, as well as by the description.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Passiv-Matrix-Display, das zumindest eine Zeile, mehrere Einzelpixel umfassend, hat, und jeder Einzelpixel zumindest drei Schichten auf einem Substrat aufweist: eine erste Elektrode, - eine aktive elektrochrome Schicht, eine zweite Elektrode, wobei diese Schichten übereinander angeordnet sind und zumin¬ dest eine der beiden Elektroden semitransparent ist und der Bildaufbau einer Zeile durch Anlegen der geeigneten Spannung in einer Sekunde oder weniger realisierbar ist.The invention relates to a passive matrix display which has at least one row, comprising a plurality of individual pixels, and each individual pixel has at least three layers on a substrate: a first electrode, an active electrochromic layer, a second electrode, these layers At least one of the two electrodes is semitransparent and the image structure of a line can be realized by applying the appropriate voltage in one second or less.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführung eines Einzelpixels be¬ trägt die Einschaltzeit für 50% des Maximalkontrastes 50ms oder weniger.According to an advantageous embodiment of a single pixel, the turn-on time is 50 ms or less for 50% of the maximum contrast.
Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform haben alle Einzelpixel einer Zeile eine einheitliche Einschaltzeit.According to a further advantageous embodiment, all individual pixels of a row have a uniform turn-on time.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist das Material der aktiven Schicht in Hinblick auf seine Bistabilität, also die Zeit, die das aktive elektrochrome Material in dem durch An¬ legen der elektrischen Spannung erhaltenen Zustand ohne wei¬ tere Impulsgebung verbleibt, so gewählt, dass der durch das Einschalten erhaltene Kontrast in einem Zeitraum von zumin- dest 50 Einschaltzeiten eines Einzelpixels um nicht mehr als 25 % absinkt. Für sehr großflächige Anwendungen (e-Paper) ist erwünscht, dass der durch das Einschalten erhaltene Kontrast in einem Zeitraum von etwa 1000 Einschaltzeiten eines Einzel¬ pixels um nicht mehr als 50 % absinkt. Dabei ist es immer be- sonders vorteilhaft, wenn der Zeitraum, in dem das System in dem "bistabilen Zustand" verharrt, möglichst lange ist. Dabei wird unter "Maximalkontrast" und "durch das Einschalten erhaltener Kontrast" folgendes verstanden: Der "Maximalkon- trast" ist durch einen Einschaltkontrast von mindestens 1:4 gekennzeichnet. Vorzugsweise fällt der Kontrast innerhalb der Wartezeit nicht unter 1:3. Im Grunde ist es aber unerheblich, ob der Maximalkontrast eingehalten wird. Bevorzugt wird ein bestimmter Kontrast über den Einschaltvorgang hergestellt, der dann gehalten wird. Ob das dem Maximalkontrast der mit einem Material erreichbar ist entspricht, ist nicht relevant. Bevorzugt ist weiterhin, dass bei einem Einschaltkontrast von 1 : 8 der Kontrast innerhalb der Wartezeit nicht unter 1 : 6 fal¬ len darf.According to an advantageous embodiment, the material of the active layer, in view of its bistability, that is to say the time which the active electrochromic material remains in the state obtained by applying the electrical voltage without further impulse, is chosen such that the current through the Switching on the received contrast in a period of at least 50 turn-on times of a single pixel does not decrease by more than 25%. For very large area applications (e-paper), it is desirable that the contrast obtained by switching on does not decrease by more than 50% over a period of about 1000 turn-on times of a single pixel. It is always particularly advantageous if the period of time in which the system remains in the "bistable state" is as long as possible. The term "maximum contrast" and "contrast obtained by switching on" are understood as follows: The "maximum contrast" is characterized by a switch-on contrast of at least 1: 4. Preferably, the contrast within the waiting time does not fall below 1: 3. Basically, it is irrelevant whether the maximum contrast is maintained. Preferably, a certain contrast is established via the switch-on process, which is then held. Whether this corresponds to the maximum contrast achievable with a material is not relevant. Furthermore, it is preferred that, with a switch-on contrast of 1: 8, the contrast within the waiting time must not fall below 1: 6.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des Displays umfasst zumindest ein Einzelpixel ein aktives Material, das sich da¬ durch auszeichnet, dass im Grunde drei Funktionalitäten in einer Schicht zusammengefasst werden, ein Reduktions-/Oxi- dationssystem, ein Farbsystem welches infolge einer Redukti- ons-/Oxidationsreaktion bei Anlegen einer elektrischen Span- nung seine Farbe ändert und ein Elektrolytsystem welches die Reduktions-/Oxidationsreaktion ermöglicht. Diese Funktionali¬ täten entsprechen denen der klassischen elektrochromen Schichten, die aus einer aktiven elektrochromen Schicht, die sich infolge Oxidation oder Reduktion oder infolge einer Säu- re/Base Reaktion verfärbt, einer Elektrolytschicht, die Ionen transportiert und einer Ionenspeicherschicht, die Ionen spei¬ chert und/oder freisetzen kann. Beispielhaft genannt sei die WO 02/075441 für diese Art an Material.According to an advantageous embodiment of the display, at least one individual pixel comprises an active material, which is distinguished by the fact that basically three functionalities are combined in one layer, a reduction / oxidation system, a color system which as a result of a reduction / reduction. Oxidation reaction when applying an electrical voltage changes its color and an electrolyte system which allows the reduction / oxidation reaction. These functionalities correspond to those of the classical electrochromic layers, which consist of an active electrochromic layer which discolors as a result of oxidation or reduction or as a result of an acid / base reaction, of an electrolyte layer which transports ions and of an ion storage layer which stores ions and / or can release. As an example may be mentioned WO 02/075441 for this type of material.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform haben zumindest die Einzelpixels, die in einer Zeile angeordnet sind, eine ein¬ heitliche Einschaltzeit. Dabei fließt in einer Zeile der Strom, der dem Maximalstrom, den ein Einzelpixel aufnehmen kann, multipliziert mit der Anzahl an Einzelpixel, ent- spricht. Nach einer Ausführungsform wird die Schichtdicke und/oder das Material, insbesondere der semitransparenten Elektrode und/oder der aktiven Schicht, so gewählt, dass ein möglichst geringer Flächenwiderstand und/oder eine geringe Strom- und/oder Leistungsaufnahme des EC-Systems resultiert. Bevor¬ zugt wird das System so eingestellt, dass der Spannungsabfall über die Zeile hinweg weniger als 25% der an der Zeile anlie¬ genden Spannung beträgt.According to an advantageous embodiment, at least the individual pixels, which are arranged in a row, have a uniform switch-on time. In this case, the current that corresponds to the maximum current which a single pixel can take up, multiplied by the number of individual pixels, flows in one line. According to one embodiment, the layer thickness and / or the material, in particular the semitransparent electrode and / or the active layer, is selected such that the lowest possible surface resistance and / or low power and / or power consumption of the EC system result. Preferably, the system is adjusted so that the voltage drop across the line is less than 25% of the voltage applied to the line.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist ein Passiv-Matrix- Display, das zellenförmig angeordnete Einzelpixel umfasst, wobei die Einzelpixel auf einem flexiblen Substrat als aktive Komponente zumindest ein Material aus dem aus der WO 02/075441 bekannten System mit einer Bottom Elektrode aus Kupfer (unter Umständen mit Nickel/Gold beschichtet) und eine Sichtelektrode aus Indium Tin-Oxide (ITO) auf semitransparen¬ tem Silber mit einem Flächenwiderstand von weniger als lOΩ/square hat. Die Erfindung offenbart erstmals ein Passiv Matrix Display auf der Grundlage eines elektrochromen Systems auf einer semitransparenten Elektrode. An exemplary embodiment of the invention is a passive matrix display which comprises individual pixels arranged in the form of a cell, wherein the individual pixels on a flexible substrate as active component comprise at least one material from the system with a bottom electrode made of copper known from WO 02/075441 (possibly coated with nickel / gold) and a view electrode of indium tin-oxide (ITO) on semitransparent tem silver with a sheet resistance of less than 10 Ω / square has. The invention discloses for the first time a passive matrix display based on an electrochromic system on a semitransparent electrode.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Passiv-Matrix-Display, das zumindest eine Zeile, mehrere Einzelpixel umfassend, hat, und jeder Einzelpixel zumindest drei Schichten auf einem Substrat aufweist: eine erste Elektrode, eine aktive elektrochrome Schicht, eine zweite Elektrode, wobei diese Schichten übereinander angeordnet sind und zumin- dest eine der beiden Elektroden semitransparent ist und der Bildaufbau einer Zeile durch Anlegen der geeigneten Spannung in einer Sekunde oder weniger realisierbar ist.1. Passive matrix display, which has at least one row, a plurality of individual pixels, and each individual pixel has at least three layers on a substrate: a first electrode, an active electrochromic layer, a second electrode, wherein these layers are arranged one above the other and at least one of the two electrodes is semitransparent and the image structure of a line can be realized by applying the appropriate voltage in one second or less.
2. Passiv-Matrix-Display nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Ein- schaltzeit eines Einzelpixels für 50% des Maximalkontrastes 50ms oder weniger beträgt.2. Passive matrix display according to claim 1, wherein the turn-on time of a single pixel for 50% of the maximum contrast is 50ms or less.
3. Passiv-Matrix-Display nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprü¬ che, wobei alle Einzelpixel einer Zeile eine einheitliche Einschaltzeit, insbesondere eine mit einer Abweichung von we¬ niger als 25% innerhalb einer Zeile, haben.3. Passive matrix display according to one of the preceding Ansprü¬ che, wherein all the individual pixels of a row have a uniform turn-on, in particular one with a deviation of we¬ niger than 25% within a row, have.
4. Passiv-Matrix-Display nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprü¬ che, wobei das Material der aktiven Schicht eines Einzelpi- xels in Hinblick auf seine Bistabilität so gewählt ist, dass der durch das Einschalten erhaltene Kontrast in einem Zeit¬ raum von zumindest 50 Einschaltzeiten eines Einzelpixels um nicht mehr als 25 % absinkt.4. Passive matrix display according to one of the preceding Ansprü¬ che, wherein the material of the active layer of a Einzelpi- is selected with regard to its bistability so that the contrast obtained by switching on in a Zeit¬ space of at least 50 switch-on of a single pixel does not decrease by more than 25%.
5. Passiv-Matrix-Display nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprü¬ che, wobei das Material der aktiven Schicht eines Einzelpi¬ xels in Hinblick auf seine Bistabilität so gewählt ist, dass der durch das Einschalten erhaltene Kontrast in einem Zeit¬ raum von etwa 1000 Einschaltzeiten eines Einzelpixels um nicht mehr als 50 % absinkt. 5. Passive matrix display according to one of the preceding Ansprü¬ che, wherein the material of the active layer of a Einzelpi¬ xels is chosen in terms of its bistability so that the contrast obtained by switching on in a Zeit¬ space of about 1000 turn-on of a single pixel does not decrease by more than 50%.
6. Passiv-Matrix-Display nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprü¬ che, wobei zumindest ein Einzelpixel ein aktives Material um- fasst, das im Grunde drei Funktionalitäten in einer Schicht zusammenfasst, ein Reduktions-/Oxidationssystem, ein Farbsys- tem welches infolge einer Reduktions-/Oxidationsreaktion bei Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung seine Farbe ändert und ein Elektrolytsystem welches die Reduktions- /Oxidationsreaktion ermöglicht.6. Passive matrix display according to one of the preceding Ansprü¬ surface, wherein at least one single pixel comprises an active material, which basically summarizes three functionalities in a layer, a reduction / oxidation system, a Farbsys- tem due to a reduction - / oxidation reaction on application of an electrical voltage changes color and an electrolyte system which allows the reduction / oxidation reaction.
7. Passiv-Matrix-Display nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprü¬ che, wobei zumindest ein Pixel als aktives Material ein Mate¬ rial aus der Reihe der aus der WO 02/075441 bekannten Materi¬ alien umfasst.7. Passive matrix display according to one of the preceding Ansprü¬ che, wherein at least one pixel as active material comprises a Mate¬ rial from the series of known from WO 02/075441 Materi¬ alien.
8. Passiv-Matrix-Display nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprü¬ che, wobei zumindest die Einzelpixels einer Zeile eine ein¬ heitliche Einschaltzeit haben.8. Passive matrix display according to one of the preceding Ansprü¬ surface, wherein at least the individual pixels of a line have a uniform on-time.
9. Passiv-Matrix-Display nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprü- che, wobei die Schichtdicke und/oder das Material, insbeson¬ dere der semitransparenten Elektrode und/oder der aktiven Schicht, so gewählt ist, dass ein möglichst geringer Flächen¬ widerstand und/oder eine geringe Strom- und/oder Leistungs¬ aufnahme des elektrochromen Systems resultiert.9. Passive matrix display according to one of the preceding claims, the layer thickness and / or the material, in particular of the semitransparent electrode and / or the active layer, being selected such that the lowest possible surface resistance and / or or a low power and / or Leistungs¬ recording of the electrochromic system results.
10. Passiv-Matrix-Display nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprü¬ che, mit einer semitransparenten Elektrode mit einem Flächen¬ widerstand von weniger als lOΩ/square.10. Passive matrix display according to one of the preceding Ansprü¬ che, with a semitransparent electrode with a Flächen¬ resistance of less than 10 ohm / square.
11. Passiv-Matrix-Display nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprü¬ che, wobei das System so eingestellt ist, dass der Spannungs¬ abfall über die Zeile hinweg weniger als 25% der an der Zeile anliegenden Spannung beträgt. 11. Passive matrix display according to one of the preceding Ansprü¬ che, wherein the system is set so that the voltage drop across the line is less than 25% of the voltage applied to the line voltage.
PCT/EP2005/055694 2004-11-12 2005-11-02 Electrochromic passive-matrix display device WO2006051056A1 (en)

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WO2004077139A1 (en) * 2003-02-28 2004-09-10 Edwards Maarten Method of controlling an electrochromic matrix display and electrochromic display

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US4146876A (en) * 1977-06-29 1979-03-27 International Business Machines Corporation Matrix addressed electrochromic display
WO2002075441A2 (en) * 2001-03-19 2002-09-26 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Electrochromic display device and compositions useful in making such devices
US20020171081A1 (en) * 2001-03-19 2002-11-21 Vincent John B. Electrochromic display device and compositions useful in making such devices
WO2004077139A1 (en) * 2003-02-28 2004-09-10 Edwards Maarten Method of controlling an electrochromic matrix display and electrochromic display

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