WO2006052394A1 - Electroless plating of metal caps for chalcogenide-based memory devices - Google Patents
Electroless plating of metal caps for chalcogenide-based memory devices Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006052394A1 WO2006052394A1 PCT/US2005/037310 US2005037310W WO2006052394A1 WO 2006052394 A1 WO2006052394 A1 WO 2006052394A1 US 2005037310 W US2005037310 W US 2005037310W WO 2006052394 A1 WO2006052394 A1 WO 2006052394A1
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- conductive material
- chalcogenide
- cap
- conductive
- insulating layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/283—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current
- H01L21/288—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a liquid, e.g. electrolytic deposition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/20—Deposition of semiconductor materials on a substrate, e.g. epitaxial growth solid phase epitaxy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/34—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies not provided for in groups H01L21/0405, H01L21/0445, H01L21/06, H01L21/16 and H01L21/18 with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/44—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/38 - H01L21/428
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
- H01L21/76841—Barrier, adhesion or liner layers
- H01L21/76843—Barrier, adhesion or liner layers formed in openings in a dielectric
- H01L21/76849—Barrier, adhesion or liner layers formed in openings in a dielectric the layer being positioned on top of the main fill metal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
- H01L21/76877—Filling of holes, grooves or trenches, e.g. vias, with conductive material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/011—Manufacture or treatment of multistable switching devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/20—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors
- H10N70/24—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors based on migration or redistribution of ionic species, e.g. anions, vacancies
- H10N70/245—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors based on migration or redistribution of ionic species, e.g. anions, vacancies the species being metal cations, e.g. programmable metallization cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/821—Device geometry
- H10N70/826—Device geometry adapted for essentially vertical current flow, e.g. sandwich or pillar type devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/881—Switching materials
- H10N70/882—Compounds of sulfur, selenium or tellurium, e.g. chalcogenides
- H10N70/8825—Selenides, e.g. GeSe
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of electrochemical deposition, and more particularly to a method of electroless plating a metal cap over a conductive interconnect and to chalcogenide-based memory devices that include such structure.
- metal conducting lines typically have multiple layers of metal conducting lines. These metal layers are separated by relatively thick, insulating layers of materials such as silicon dioxide. Vias are made through the insulating layers to make connections between the metal lines. It is often desirable that the metal conducting lines be maintained in as much of a plane as possible to avoid undue stresses on the metal lines.
- a tungsten metal plug is often used to fill the via in the insulating layer covering a first metal pad or line so that the overlying film remains on the planar surface of the insulating layer. Without the plug, the overlying film must dip into the via to make contact with the underlying first metal.
- a layer of titanium (Ti) is typically placed in contact with the underlying first metal as an adhesion layer for the subsequent tungsten contacts.
- the via is then filled by depositing tungsten metal, typically by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- tungsten deposited on the sidewalls of the via during the deposition process may pinch off the opening, leaving a void termed a "keyhole" buried within the via.
- CMP chemical-mechanical planarizing
- the present invention meets that need and provides a method of forming a metal cap over a conductive plug, via, or interconnect to cover or fill the keyhole in the plug, via, or interconnect and provide good electrical contact for subsequent layers in the semiconductor device.
- the metal cap is preferably formed of cobalt, silver, copper, gold, nickel, palladium, platinum, or alloys thereof.
- the metal cap is preferably formed by the electroless deposition of the metal over, for example, a tungsten plug or interconnect. Chalcogenide-based memory devices that employ the metal cap construction are also disclosed.
- a method of forming a metal cap over a conductive interconnect in a chalcogenide- based memory device includes forming a layer of a first conductive material over a substrate and depositing an insulating layer over the first conductive material and the substrate. An opening is formed in the insulating layer to expose at least a portion of the first conductive material, and a second conductive material is deposited over the insulating layer and within the opening. Portions of the second conductive material are removed to form a conductive area within the opening, and the conductive area is recessed within the opening to a level below an upper surface of the insulating layer.
- a cap of a third conductive material is formed over the recessed conductive area within the opening.
- a chalcogenide material is deposited over the cap, and a conductive material is deposited over the chalcogenide material to form the memory device.
- the third conductive material is selected from the group consisting of cobalt, silver, gold, copper, nickel, palladium, platinum, and alloys thereof.
- the cap of the third conductive material is preferably formed by electroless plating. Where an electroless plating process is used, the surface of the recessed conductive area may optionally be activated prior to electroless deposition of the third conductive material.
- a method of forming a metal cap over a conductive interconnect in a chalcogenide-based memory device includes providing an insulating layer over a substrate, the insulating layer having an opening therein and the opening exposing at least a portion of a first conductive material on the substrate.
- a second conductive material is deposited over the insulating layer and within the opening. Portions of the second conductive material are removed to form a conductive area within the opening, and the conductive area within the opening is recessed to a level below an upper surface of the insulating layer.
- a cap of a third conductive material is formed over the recessed conductive area within the opening.
- the third conductive material is selected from the group consisting of cobalt, silver, gold, copper, nickel, palladium, platinum, and alloys thereof.
- a stack of chalcogenide based memory cell material is deposited over the cap, and a conductive material is deposited over the chalcogenide stack.
- a method of forming a metal cap over a conductive interconnect in a chalcogenide-based memory device includes providing an insulating layer over a substrate, the insulating layer having an opening therein and the opening exposing at least a portion of a first conductive material on the substrate.
- a second conductive material is deposited over the insulating layer and within the opening. Portions of the second conductive material are removed to form a conductive area within the opening, and the conductive area within the opening is recessed to a level below an upper surface of said insulating layer.
- a cap of cobalt metal is formed over the recessed conductive area.
- a stack of chalcogenide based memory cell material is deposited over the cap, and a conductive material is deposited over the chalcogenide stack.
- a method of forming a metal cap over a tungsten interconnect in a chalcogenide-based memory device includes forming a tungsten interconnect recessed within an opening in an insulating layer, and forming a metal cap over the recessed tungsten layer by electroless deposition of a metal.
- the metal is preferably selected from the group consisting of cobalt, silver, gold, copper, nickel, palladium, platinum, and alloys thereof.
- a method of forming a conductive metal interconnect for a semiconductor circuit includes providing a semiconductor structure having semiconductor devices formed thereon, forming an insulating layer over the semiconductor structure, and forming a trench in the insulating layer down to the semiconductor structure.
- the trench is substantially filled with tungsten, and the tungsten is recessed to a level below the upper surface of the insulating layer.
- a metal cap is electrolessly deposited over the recessed tungsten.
- the metal cap comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, silver, gold, copper, nickel, palladium, platinum, and alloys thereof.
- a conductive interconnect for a chalcogenide-based memory device includes an insulating layer having an opening therein on a semiconductor substrate, a recessed tungsten layer in the opening, and an electrolessly deposited metal cap on the tungsten layer.
- the metal cap preferably comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, silver, gold, copper, nickel, palladium, platinum, and alloys thereof.
- a stack of chalcogenide based memory cell material is over the cap, and a conductive material is over the chalcogenide stack.
- a processor-based system is provided and includes a processor and a chalcogenide-based memory device coupled to the processor.
- the chalcogenide-based memory device comprises an insulating layer having an opening therein on a semiconductor substrate, a recessed tungsten layer in the opening, and an electrolessly deposited metal cap on the tungsten layer.
- the metal cap preferably comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, silver, gold, copper, nickel, palladium, platinum, and alloys thereof.
- a stack of chalcogenide based memory cell material is over the cap, and a conductive material is over the chalcogenide stack.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an example of a portion of a partially fabricated chalcogenide-based memory device including metal 1 layers on a substrate surface in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a partially fabricated chalcogenide-based memory device including an insulating layer over the surface of the substrate;
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a partially fabricated chalcogenide-based memory device including openings formed in the insulating layer;
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a partially fabricated chalcogenide-based memory device that includes an optional conformal adhesion layer;
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a partially fabricated chalcogenide-based memory device that includes a conductive material filling the openings in the insulating layer;
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a partially fabricated chalcogenide-based memory device in which excess conductive material has been removed
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a partially fabricated chalcogenide-based memory device in which the surface of the conductive material has been recessed below the upper surface of the insulating layer;
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a partially fabricated chalcogenide-based memory device that includes a cap of a conductive material on the conductive material filling the opening;
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a partially fabricated chalcogenide-based memory device in which a stack of chalcogenide based memory cell material is positioned over the cap, and a layer of another conductive material is positioned over the chalcogenide based memory cell stack; and FIG. 10 illustrates a processor system having one or more chalcogenide-based memory devices according to additional embodiments of the present invention.
- substrate may include any semiconductor-based structure that has an exposed semiconductor surface.
- the term includes structures such as, for example, silicon, silicon-on insulator (SOI), silicon-on sapphire (SOS), doped and undoped semiconductors, epitaxial layers of silicon supported by a base semiconductor foundation, and other semiconductor structures.
- SOI silicon-on insulator
- SOS silicon-on sapphire
- doped and undoped semiconductors epitaxial layers of silicon supported by a base semiconductor foundation, and other semiconductor structures.
- the semiconductor need not be silicon-based.
- the semiconductor may be silicon-germanium, or germanium.
- FIGS. 1 through 9 illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a method of fabricating a chalcogenide-based memory device having at least one interconnect that includes a metal cap. The process begins subsequent to the formation of the integrated circuit structure 10. However, the process may be applied at any level of integrated circuit fabrication. For purposes of simplification, this embodiment of the invention is described with reference to an upper metalization layer.
- FIGS. 1 through 9 illustrate a partially-fabricated integrated circuit structure 10 having a base substrate 11 and a plurality of fabricated layers collectively shown by 13. A series of conductive areas 21 which are electrically connected to one or more layers or devices in the circuit below are formed on the circuit structure by conventional techniques. Although not shown, it is to be understood that the integrated circuit structure 10 may contain transistors, capacitors, word lines, bit lines, active areas, or the like fabricated in layer 13 over substrate 11. As shown in FIG. 2, an insulating layer 20 is provided over structure
- Insulating layer 20 preferably comprises tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) or other dielectric material such as, for example, borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG), borosilicate glass (BSG), or other non-conductive oxides (doped or undoped), nitrides, and oxynitrides.
- TEOS tetraethylorthosilicate
- BPSG borophosphosilicate glass
- BSG borosilicate glass
- Insulating layer 20 which may itself be formed of multiple layers, is preferably from about 5,000 to about 20,000 Angstroms in thickness. As shown in Fig. 3, at least some of the openings 22 are provided at locations where interconnects will electrically communicate with conductive areas 21 provided in the uppermost portion of structure 10.
- a plurality of openings such as interconnect trenches 22 are patterned and etched in insulating layer 20.
- Openings 22 are aligned to expose portions of conductive areas 21.
- an optional adhesion layer 24 is deposited over the surface of structure 10 so that it conformally covers insulating layer 20 and lines interconnect trenches 22.
- Optional adhesion layer 24 may be used, as is conventional in the art, to improve the bond between conductive areas 21 and subsequently deposited conductive materials. Depending on the materials used in the fabrication of the device, there will be instances where no adhesion layer 24 is necessary.
- Optional adhesion layer 24 is preferably formed of a refractory metal such as titanium (Ti). As shown in FIG. 4, in one embodiment, an optional thin Ti film 24 may be deposited using physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), or atomic layer deposition (ALD). However, any suitable material may be used for the adhesion layer, for example, tungsten-nitride, tungsten-tantalum, tantalum silicon nitride, or other ternary compounds. Optional adhesion layer 24 is preferably between about 100 Angstroms to about 500 Angstroms thick, and more preferably about 200 Angstroms thick.
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- ALD atomic layer deposition
- any suitable material may be used for the adhesion layer, for example, tungsten-nitride, tungsten-tantalum, tantalum silicon nitride, or other ternary compounds.
- Optional adhesion layer 24 is preferably
- a conductive interconnect material preferably comprising tungsten, is formed over the structure 10 and in the interconnect trenches 22.
- the conductive interconnects 30 may be formed using any technique that is conventional in this art including, for example, CVD or ALD techniques. Both techniques result in a conformal fill of trenches 22. However, depending on the aspect ratio and width of the trenches, such conformal deposition techniques may result in keyhole formation within the tungsten plug.
- the interconnects 30 will have a thickness of from about 1 ,000 to about 5,000 Angstroms, and preferably about 2,000 Angstroms. Referring now to FIG. 6, excess material from conductive interconnects 30 is removed.
- conductive interconnect 30 is further planarized or over-polished to create a dish or recess for a suitable distance below the upper surface 25 of insulating layer 20.
- CMP chemical-mechanical planarization
- conductive interconnect 30 may be selectively over-polished, chemical mechanically planarized, wet etched, or dry etched to recess the interconnect material within the trenches 22 and below the surface of insulating layer 20.
- a recess of from about 200 to about 500 Angstroms is preferred.
- the recessed surface of interconnect material 30 may be optionally activated to render that surface selective to the metal plating to follow.
- surface activation may be accomplished using a number of techniques.
- the surface is activated by exposure to any activation solution known in the art of electroless plating such as, for example, a palladium chloride solution.
- a typical time frame for surface exposure may be for from about 10 seconds to about two minutes depending upon the particular activation solution that is selected.
- metal is then selectively deposited into the recesses using an electroless plating process.
- the metal layers formed in the recesses may comprise any suitable metal which is compatible with adjacent materials in the semiconductor structure.
- the metal layers comprise cobalt, silver, gold, copper, nickel, palladium, platinum, or alloys thereof.
- the metal comprises cobalt because cobalt is readily available and provides a fine grain structure which promotes a smoother surface for subsequent processing.
- metal caps having a thickness of from about 200 to about 500 Angstroms are formed.
- rate of plating of the caps one can produce caps that are substantially co-planar with the upper surface of insulating layer 20.
- excess metal is plated over the substrate, the excess may be removed by conventional processing methods such as planarization of the structure shown in FIG. 8 to isolate the metal layer into individual metal caps 40 as shown.
- the FIG. 8 structure may then be further processed to create a functional circuit.
- a memory device is formed by depositing a stack of suitable chalcogenide materials 50 over insulating layer 20 and metal caps 40.
- the chalcogenide material may be formed from a chalcogenized glass such as Ge 3 Se 7 Ge 4 Se 6 which are capable of forming conductive paths for diffused metal ions such as silver in the glass in the presence of an applied voltage.
- a second conductive electrode 60 is deposited over chalcogenide stack 50 to complete the formation of the memory device.
- An example of a nonvolatile memory device is shown in Moore and Gilton, U.S. Patent No. 6,348,365.
- stack we mean one or more layers of chalcogenide glass material, including diffused metal ions, sufficient to form a memory cell.
- a typical chalcogenide-based memory system 400 which includes an integrated circuit 448.
- Integrated circuit 448 employs a conductive interconnect and chalcogenide-based memory fabricated in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention.
- a processor system such as a computer system, generally comprises a central processing unit (CPU) 444, such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor, or other programmable digital logic devices, which communicates with an input/output (I/O) device 446 over a bus 452.
- CPU central processing unit
- I/O input/output
- the chalcogenide-based memory in integrated circuit 448 communicates with the system over bus 452 typically through a memory controller.
- the system may include peripheral devices such as a floppy disk drive 454 and a compact disc (CD) ROM drive 456, which also communicate with CPU 444 over the bus 452.
- Integrated circuit 448 may include one or more conductive interconnects and chalcogenide-based memory devices. If desired, the integrated circuit 448 may be combined with the processor, for example CPU 444, in a single integrated circuit.
- Other examples of devices and systems which may include chalcogenide-based memory devices include clocks, televisions, cellular telephones, automobiles, aircraft, and the like.
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007540323A JP5154942B2 (en) | 2004-11-03 | 2005-10-18 | Electroless plating of metal caps for chalcogenide-type memory devices |
CN2005800427631A CN101080825B (en) | 2004-11-03 | 2005-10-18 | Electroless plating of metal caps for chalcogenide-based memory devices |
EP05812868A EP1812977B1 (en) | 2004-11-03 | 2005-10-18 | Electroless plating of metal caps for chalcogenide-based memory devices |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/980,658 | 2004-11-03 | ||
US10/980,658 US7189626B2 (en) | 2004-11-03 | 2004-11-03 | Electroless plating of metal caps for chalcogenide-based memory devices |
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WO2006052394A1 true WO2006052394A1 (en) | 2006-05-18 |
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PCT/US2005/037310 WO2006052394A1 (en) | 2004-11-03 | 2005-10-18 | Electroless plating of metal caps for chalcogenide-based memory devices |
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US (2) | US7189626B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1812977B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5154942B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101208757B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101080825B (en) |
TW (1) | TWI286818B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006052394A1 (en) |
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EP2485258A3 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2012-08-22 | Sandisk 3D LLC | Method of forming a memory cell that employs a selectively deposited reversible resistance-switching element |
US8809114B2 (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2014-08-19 | Sandisk 3D Llc | Memory cell that employs a selectively grown reversible resistance-switching element and methods of forming the same |
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Also Published As
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EP1812977A1 (en) | 2007-08-01 |
KR20070089144A (en) | 2007-08-30 |
JP2008519465A (en) | 2008-06-05 |
JP5154942B2 (en) | 2013-02-27 |
EP1812977B1 (en) | 2011-12-21 |
CN101080825B (en) | 2010-11-24 |
CN101080825A (en) | 2007-11-28 |
US20070123039A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
KR101208757B1 (en) | 2012-12-05 |
TWI286818B (en) | 2007-09-11 |
US7550380B2 (en) | 2009-06-23 |
US7189626B2 (en) | 2007-03-13 |
US20060094236A1 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
TW200633131A (en) | 2006-09-16 |
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