WO2006065354A1 - Offset projection system - Google Patents
Offset projection system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006065354A1 WO2006065354A1 PCT/US2005/038514 US2005038514W WO2006065354A1 WO 2006065354 A1 WO2006065354 A1 WO 2006065354A1 US 2005038514 W US2005038514 W US 2005038514W WO 2006065354 A1 WO2006065354 A1 WO 2006065354A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- illumination
- projection
- coupling lens
- optical axis
- modulation device
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3141—Constructional details thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
- G03B21/142—Adjusting of projection optics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
- G03B21/20—Lamp housings
- G03B21/208—Homogenising, shaping of the illumination light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
- G03B21/28—Reflectors in projection beam
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B33/00—Colour photography, other than mere exposure or projection of a colour film
- G03B33/10—Simultaneous recording or projection
- G03B33/12—Simultaneous recording or projection using beam-splitting or beam-combining systems, e.g. dichroic mirrors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
- H04N5/7475—Constructional details of television projection apparatus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3141—Constructional details thereof
- H04N9/315—Modulator illumination systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3197—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using light modulating optical valves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
- G03B21/20—Lamp housings
Definitions
- Optical architectures of digital projectors typically include an illumination system, projection system, an optical modulator and one or more devices that couple the illumination system, projection system and the optical modulator.
- the illumination system illuminates the optical modulator.
- the optical modulator produces images by modulating the light falling across it by either reflecting or transmitting the light.
- the projection system images the optical modulator on the screen by capturing the modulated illumination of the optical modulator.
- optical architectures have the optical axes of the projection and illumination paths either overlapping (across a portion of the system) or tilted substantially with respect to each other.
- such architectures may be inefficient, noisy, bulky or expensive. It would be desirable to be able to obtain high efficiency and low stray light in a compact package at a low cost in an optical architecture.
- One form of the present invention provides a projection system comprising an illumination relay, a coupling lens, a modulation device, and a projection lens.
- the illumination relay is configured to provide an illumination beam to the coupling lens along an illumination path.
- the coupling lens is configured to direct the illumination beam onto the modulation device.
- the modulation device is configured to modulate the illumination beam to form an imaging beam and reflect the imaging beam into the coupling lens.
- the coupling lens is configured to direct the imaging beam into the projection lens along a projection path that is substantially parallel with the illumination path.
- Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating an offset digital projection system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an offset digital projection system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an offset digital projection system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a flow chart illustrating a method for projecting an image using an offset digital projection system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of an offset digital projection system 10.
- an illumination source 102 generates and emits an illumination beam to an illumination relay 106 along an optical path 104.
- Illumination relay 106 integrates and collimates the illumination beam and provides the illumination beam to a coupling lens 110 along an illumination path 108 such that an optical axis of illumination path 108 is parallel or substantially parallel to a normal 100 to a plane 101 of a modulation device 114. Normal 100 is substantially perpendicular to plane 101 , and plane 101 aligns with the modulating elements (not shown) of modulation device 114.
- Coupling lens 110 directs and focuses the illumination beam onto modulation device 114 along an illumination path 112.
- Illumination relay 106 images illumination source 102 onto modulation device 114 via coupling lens 110 such that modulation device 114 is uniformly illuminated with minimum overfill.
- Coupling lens 110 directs the illumination beam onto modulation device 114 at a non-zero angle of incidence. Coupling lens 110 is substantially centered with respect to modulation device 114.
- Modulation device 114 modulates the illumination beam from coupling lens 110 according to an input signal, e.g., a computer or video input signal, (not shown) to form an imaging beam.
- the imaging beam is reflected from modulation device 114 through coupling lens 110 along an optical path 116.
- Coupling lens 110 directs the imaging beam from modulation device 114 through a projection lens 120 along a projection path 118 that an optical axis of projection path 118 is parallel or substantially parallel to normal 100 and the optical axis of illumination path 108.
- Projection lens 120 focuses and may zoom the imaging beam along an optical path 122 to cause still or video images to be formed on a screen or other display surface.
- Projection lens 120 images modulation device 114 through coupling lens 110 onto the screen or other display surface used for final display.
- illumination relay 106, coupling lens 110, and projection lens 120 are situated so as to minimize the overlap of the illumination and imaging beams along illumination path 108 and projection path 118.
- the illumination beam and the imaging beam each intersect different areas of an optical pupil plane 124 of the system such that the imaging beam is spatially separated from the illumination beam at pupil plane 124. Accordingly, illumination path 108 is effectively separated from projection path 118.
- coupling lens 110 includes all optical elements between pupil plane 124 and modulation device 114.
- Illumination source 102 may be a mercury ultra high pressure, xenon, metal halide, or other suitable projector lamp that provides a monochromatic or polychromatic illumination beam.
- Modulation device 114 transmits or reflects selected portions of the illumination beam through coupling lens 110 and projection lens 120 in response to an image input signal (not shown) to cause images to be projected onto a screen or other surface.
- Modulation device 114 comprises at least one digital modulator such as a spatial light modulator like LCos, liquid crystal display (LCD), digital micromirror display (DMD) or other type.
- modulation device 114 includes a separate digital modulator for each color, e.g., red, blue, and green.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of an offset digital projection system 10A.
- illumination source 102 generates and emits an illumination beam 202 to an illumination relay 106A along an optical path 104.
- Illumination relay 106A includes an integrating rod 200 that integrates illumination beam 202 and an illumination lens 204 that collimates illumination beam 202 and provides illumination beam 202 to a fold mirror 206.
- Illumination lens 204 includes lenses 204A, 204B, and 204C.
- Fold mirror 206 reflects illumination beam 202 from illumination lens 204 through a coupling lens 110A along an illumination path such that an optical axis of the illumination path of illumination beam 202 is parallel or substantially parallel to an optical axis of modulation device 114 between fold mirror 206 and coupling lens 110A.
- fold mirror 206 reflects illumination beam 202 at an angle of approximately ninety degrees between the optical axis of illumination lens 204 and the optical axis of coupling lens 110A.
- fold mirror 206 may be positioned differently to reflect illumination beam 202 at any non-zero angle between the optical axis of illumination lens 204 and the optical axis of coupling lens 110A.
- Coupling lens 110A refracts and focuses illumination beam 202 onto modulation device 114 through a beamsplitter 210.
- Beamsplitter 210 separates illumination beam 202 into separate components (e.g., red, blue, and green components) that are provided to different modulators 114A, 114B, and 114C of modulation device 114.
- Modulators 114A, 114B, and 114C may be set in any suitable arrangement with respect to beamsplitter 304.
- Beamsplitter 210 may be a dichroic prism, a dichroic plate, a dichroic x-cube, or other element configured to separate illumination beam 202 into separate components.
- Beamsplitter 210 may be omitted in embodiments where modulation device 114 includes a single modulator.
- Coupling lens 110A refracts illumination beam 202 onto modulation device 114 at a non-zero angle of incidence.
- Coupling lens 110A includes three lenses: 208A, 208B and 208C to refract illumination beam 202.
- coupling lens 110A may be a combination of one or more spherical or aspherical lenses.
- Modulation device 114 modulates the illumination beam from coupling lens 110A according to an input signal, e.g., a computer or video input signal, (not shown) to form an imaging beam 212.
- Imaging beam 212 is reflected from modulation device 114 through beamsplitter 210 and into coupling lens 110A.
- Coupling lens 110A refracts imaging beam 212 from modulation device 114 through a projection lens 120A using lenses 208A, 208B, and 208C such that imaging beam 212 travels along an optical axis of a projection path that is parallel or substantially parallel to normal 100 to plane 101 of modulation device 114 and an optical axis of the illumination path of illumination beam 202 between coupling lens 110A and an optical pupil plane 214.
- Projection lens 120A focuses and may zoom imaging beam 212 along an optical path to cause still or video images to be formed on a screen or other display surface.
- Projection lens 120A includes four lenses: 216A, 216B, 216C, and 216D.
- projection lens 120A may be a combination of one or more spherical or aspherical lenses or mirrors.
- illumination relay 106A, coupling lens 110A, and projection lens 120A are situated so as to minimize the overlap of illumination beam 202 and imaging beam 212 along the respective illumination and projection paths.
- the illumination beam and the imaging beam each intersect different areas of pupil plane 214 of the system such that imaging beam 212 is spatially separated from illumination beam 202 at pupil plane 214. Accordingly, the illumination path is effectively separated from the projection path.
- coupling lens 110A comprises all optical elements between pupil plane 214 and modulation device 114.
- FIG 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of an offset digital projection system 10B.
- illumination source 102 generates and emits an illumination beam to illumination relay 106 along an optical path 104.
- Illumination relay 106 integrates and collimates the illumination beam and provides the illumination beam to coupling lens 110B along an illumination path 108 such that an optical axis of illumination path 108 is parallel or substantially parallel to normal 100 to plane 101 of modulation device 114 between illumination relay 106 and coupling lens 110B.
- Coupling lens 110B refracts and focuses the illumination beam onto modulation device 114 through a beam splitter 304.
- Beam splitter 304 separates the illumination beam into separate components (e.g., red, blue, and green components) that are provided to different modulators 114A, 114B, and 114C of modulation device 114.
- Modulators 114A, 114B, and 114C may be set in any suitable arrangement with respect to beamsplitter 304.
- Beamsplitter 304 may be a dichroic prism, a dichroic plate, a dichroic x-cube, or other element configured to separate the illumination beam into separate components.
- Beamsplitter 304 may be omitted in embodiments where modulation device 114 includes a single modulator.
- Coupling lens 110B refracts the illumination beam onto modulation device 114 at a non-zero angle of incidence as indicated by an optical path 112.
- Coupling lens 110B includes three lenses: 302A, 302B and 302C to refract the illumination beam.
- coupling lens may be a combination of one or more spherical or aspherical lenses.
- Modulation device 114 modulates the illumination beam from coupling lens 110A according to an input signal, e.g., a computer or video input signal, (not shown) to form an imaging beam.
- the imaging beam is reflected from modulation device 114 along an optical path 116 through beamsplitter 304 and into coupling lens 110B.
- Coupling lens 11OB refracts the imaging beam from modulation device 114 to a fold mirror 306 using lenses 302A, 302B, and 302C such that the imaging beam travels along an optical axis of a projection path 118 that is parallel or substantially parallel to normal 100 to plane 101 of modulation device 114 and an optical axis of illumination path 108 of the illumination beam.
- Fold mirror 306 reflects the imaging beam from coupling lens 110B into projection lens 120 along an optical path 308.
- fold mirror 306 reflects the imaging beam at an angle of approximately ninety degrees between normal 100 and optical axis 308 of projection lens 120.
- fold mirror 306 may be positioned differently to reflect the imaging beam at any non-zero angle between normal 100 and optical axis 308 of projection lens 120.
- Projection lens 120 focuses and may zoom the imaging beam from fold mirror 306 along optical path 122 to cause still or video images to be formed on a screen or other display surface.
- illumination relay 106 In projection system 10B, illumination relay 106, coupling lens 110B, and projection lens 120 are situated so as to minimize the overlap of the illumination and imaging beams along illumination path 108 and projection path 118.
- the illumination beam and the imaging beam each intersect different areas of pupil plane 124 of the system such that the imaging beam is spatially separated from the illumination beam at pupil plane 124. Accordingly, illumination path 108 is effectively separated from projection path 118.
- FIG 4 is a flow chart illustrating one embodiment of a method for projecting an image using an offset projection system.
- an illumination beam is provided from an illumination relay to a coupling lens as indicated in a block 402.
- the illumination beam is directed onto a modulation device using the coupling lens as indicated in a block 404.
- the illumination beam is modulated to form an imaging beam using the modulation device as indicated in a block 406.
- the imaging beam is directed parallel or substantially parallel to the illumination beam and a normal to the plane of the modulation device to a projection lens using the coupling lens as indicated in a block 408.
- the imaging beam is focused and may be zoomed in or out using the projection lens as indicated in a block 410.
- one or both of fold mirrors 206 and 306 may replaced with other reflective surfaces.
- a system may include fold mirrors in both the illumination and projection paths in other embodiments.
- An offset optical architecture as described herein may effectively separate the illumination and projection paths while maintaining the optical performance and highest possible efficiency and minimizing stray light.
- This architecture may also avoid complex and expensive optical components and may allow for a compact package that has a maximum number of small sized lenses to achieve a low cost compact system.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007546655A JP2008524652A (en) | 2004-12-16 | 2005-10-24 | Offset projection system |
DE112005003050T DE112005003050T5 (en) | 2004-12-16 | 2005-10-24 | Offset projection system |
GB0713387A GB2436263A (en) | 2004-12-16 | 2007-07-10 | Offset projection system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/013,868 | 2004-12-16 | ||
US11/013,868 US7204599B2 (en) | 2004-12-16 | 2004-12-16 | Offset projection system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006065354A1 true WO2006065354A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
Family
ID=35892392
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2005/038514 WO2006065354A1 (en) | 2004-12-16 | 2005-10-24 | Offset projection system |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7204599B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2008524652A (en) |
DE (1) | DE112005003050T5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2436263A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006065354A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2560378A3 (en) * | 2011-08-16 | 2013-08-14 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Projector with offset between projection optical system and display unit |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3862678B2 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2006-12-27 | キヤノン株式会社 | Exposure apparatus and device manufacturing method |
US20070268460A1 (en) * | 2006-05-22 | 2007-11-22 | Clark Stephan R | Lens assembly in an offset projection system |
TWI330295B (en) * | 2007-04-23 | 2010-09-11 | Coretronic Corp | Projection apparatus |
JP5957937B2 (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2016-07-27 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Lighting device and projector |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5299289A (en) * | 1991-06-11 | 1994-03-29 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Polymer dispersed liquid crystal panel with diffraction grating |
US5754260A (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 1998-05-19 | Ag Technology Co., Ltd. | Projection type color liquid crystal optical apparatus |
US6628355B1 (en) * | 1996-12-17 | 2003-09-30 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display panel including a light shielding film to control incident light |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3704936A (en) | 1970-03-09 | 1972-12-05 | Rca Corp | Achromatic depth-of-field correction for off-axis optical system |
US3637308A (en) | 1970-06-11 | 1972-01-25 | Rca Corp | Color correction of prismatic off-axis optical system |
US4875777A (en) | 1987-09-30 | 1989-10-24 | Industrial Technology Institute | Off-axis high accuracy structured light profiler |
US5422691A (en) | 1991-03-15 | 1995-06-06 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Projection type displaying apparatus and illumination system |
DE69207362T2 (en) | 1991-10-21 | 1996-06-13 | Canon Kk | Lighting device and projector provided with it |
JPH10186302A (en) | 1996-12-27 | 1998-07-14 | Fujitsu Ltd | Display device and polarized light source device |
DE69705932T2 (en) | 1997-05-20 | 2002-04-18 | Barco Nv | Contrast improvement for image projectors with liquid crystal light valve |
US6050689A (en) | 1997-07-18 | 2000-04-18 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Projection type display apparatus |
US6046858A (en) | 1997-10-16 | 2000-04-04 | Aurora Systems, Inc. | Light separation and recombination system for an off-axis projector |
US6076931A (en) | 1997-11-14 | 2000-06-20 | Aurora Systems, Inc. | De-centered lens group for use in an off-axis projector |
JP3266854B2 (en) | 1998-05-20 | 2002-03-18 | 旭光学工業株式会社 | Reflection type image projection device |
US6688748B2 (en) | 2001-01-12 | 2004-02-10 | Aurora Systems, Inc. | System and method for using off-axis illumination in a reflective projection system |
US6536903B2 (en) | 2001-05-29 | 2003-03-25 | Aurora Systems, Inc. | System and method for improving contrast in an electro-optical imaging system |
US6824275B2 (en) * | 2001-12-31 | 2004-11-30 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Folded projection lens |
US6801362B1 (en) * | 2002-07-18 | 2004-10-05 | Rockwell Collins | On-axis optical system for illumination and projection of a reflective LCD microdisplay |
-
2004
- 2004-12-16 US US11/013,868 patent/US7204599B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-10-24 JP JP2007546655A patent/JP2008524652A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-10-24 WO PCT/US2005/038514 patent/WO2006065354A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-10-24 DE DE112005003050T patent/DE112005003050T5/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-07-10 GB GB0713387A patent/GB2436263A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5299289A (en) * | 1991-06-11 | 1994-03-29 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Polymer dispersed liquid crystal panel with diffraction grating |
US5754260A (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 1998-05-19 | Ag Technology Co., Ltd. | Projection type color liquid crystal optical apparatus |
US6628355B1 (en) * | 1996-12-17 | 2003-09-30 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display panel including a light shielding film to control incident light |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2560378A3 (en) * | 2011-08-16 | 2013-08-14 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Projector with offset between projection optical system and display unit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE112005003050T5 (en) | 2007-12-20 |
GB2436263A (en) | 2007-09-19 |
GB0713387D0 (en) | 2007-08-22 |
JP2008524652A (en) | 2008-07-10 |
US7204599B2 (en) | 2007-04-17 |
US20060132726A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
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