WO2006079013B1 - Low coherence interferometry for detecting and characterizing plaques - Google Patents

Low coherence interferometry for detecting and characterizing plaques

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Publication number
WO2006079013B1
WO2006079013B1 PCT/US2006/002253 US2006002253W WO2006079013B1 WO 2006079013 B1 WO2006079013 B1 WO 2006079013B1 US 2006002253 W US2006002253 W US 2006002253W WO 2006079013 B1 WO2006079013 B1 WO 2006079013B1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
depth
light path
magnitude
biological sample
phase
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2006/002253
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2006079013A1 (en
Inventor
Gerard A Alphonse
Original Assignee
Medeikon Corp
Gerard A Alphonse
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Medeikon Corp, Gerard A Alphonse filed Critical Medeikon Corp
Priority to EP06719204A priority Critical patent/EP1858403A1/en
Publication of WO2006079013A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006079013A1/en
Publication of WO2006079013B1 publication Critical patent/WO2006079013B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
    • G01N21/45—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using interferometric methods; using Schlieren methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0062—Arrangements for scanning
    • A61B5/0066—Optical coherence imaging
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0082—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes
    • A61B5/0084—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes for introduction into the body, e.g. by catheters
    • A61B5/0086—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes for introduction into the body, e.g. by catheters using infrared radiation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/02007—Evaluating blood vessel condition, e.g. elasticity, compliance
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14546—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring analytes not otherwise provided for, e.g. ions, cytochromes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
    • A61B5/6852—Catheters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/4738—Diffuse reflection, e.g. also for testing fluids, fibrous materials
    • G01N21/474—Details of optical heads therefor, e.g. using optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/4785—Standardising light scatter apparatus; Standards therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
    • A61B2562/0233—Special features of optical sensors or probes classified in A61B5/00
    • A61B2562/0242—Special features of optical sensors or probes classified in A61B5/00 for varying or adjusting the optical path length in the tissue

Abstract

A method for determining a characteristic of tissue in a biological sample comprising: directing light at the biological sample at a first depth and receiving that light reflected from the biological; directing the light at a reflecting device (46) and receiving that light reflected from the reflecting device. The method also includes: interfering the light reflected from the biological sample and the light reflected from the reflecting device,- detecting light resulting from the interfering; and determining a first phase associated with the light resulting from the interfering based on the first depth. The method further includes: varying an effective light path length to define a second depth; determining a second phase associated with the light resulting from the interfering based on the second depth; and determining the characteristic of the biological sample from the first phase and the second phase .

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:
Claim 1. A method for determining a characteristic of tissue in a biological sample, the method comprising; directing broadband light by means of a sensing light path at the biological sample at a first depth defined by effective light path lengths of said sensing light path and a reference light path; receiving said broadband light reflected from the biological sample by means of said sensing light path; directing said broadband light by means of said reference light path at a reflecting device; receiving said broadband light reflected from said reflecting device by means of said reference light path; detecting broadband light resulting from said broadband light reflected from said first depth in the biological sample and said broadband light reflected from said reflecting device, to generate a signal indicative of an interference of said broadband light reflected from said first depth in the biological sample and said broadband light reflected from said reflecting device; determining a first phase from said signal indicative of said interference of said broadband light reflected from said first depth in the biological sample and said broadband light reflected from said reflecting device; changing said effective light path lengths of at least one of said reference light path and said sensing light path to define a second depth; detecting broadband light resulting from said broadband light reflected from said second depth in the biological sample and said broadband light reflected from said reflecting devicβj to generate a signal indicative of an interference of said broadband light reflected from said second depth in the biological sample and said broadband light reflected from aaid reflecting device; determining a second phase from said signal indicative of said interference of said "broadband light reflected from aaid second depth in the biological sample and said broadband light reflected from said reflecting device; and determining the characteristic of the biological sample from said first phase and said second phase.
Claim 2. The method of claim 1 wherein at least one of said reference light path and said sensing light path includes at least one of an optical fiber and a -waveguide.
Claim 3. The method of claim 2 wherein said changing said effective light path lengths comprises moving said reflecting device on said reference light path.
Claim 4. The method of claim 2 wherein said changing said effective light path lengths comprises modulating excitation to metallic electrodes disposed at an optical waveguide.
Claim 5. The method of claim 2 wherein said changing said effective light path lengths comprises modulating excitation to a piezoelectric drum having said optical fiber wound thereon forming at least a portion of at least one of said reference light path and said sensing light path.
Claim 6. The method of claim 1 wherein said first depth ia defined by said effective light path length of said reference light path and said effective light path length of said sensing light path.
Claim 7. The method of claim 6" wherein said second, depth is defined by said effective light path length of at least one of said reference light path and said sensing light path having been changed.
Claim 8. The method of claim 1 wherein said reflecting device is fixed.
Claim 9. The method of Claim 1 wherein at least one of said determining a first phase and said, determining a second phase comprises: modulating said effective light path length of at least one of said reference light path and said sensing light path in accordance with a modulator function having a phase component; and determining a magnitude of change of said effective light path length introduced "by said modulating when said phase component of said modulator function is generally null.
Claim 10. The method of claim 9 wherein said modulator function comprises a sinusoidal modulator function.
Claim 11. The method of claim 9 wherein said modulator function comprises ramp modulator function.
Claim 12. The method of claim 9 wherein said modulating comprises modulating excitation to metallic electrodes disposed at an optical waveguide.
Claim 13 , The method of claim 9 wherein said modulating comprises modulating excitation to a piezoelectric drum having said optical fiber wound thereon forming at least a portion of at least one of said reference light path and said sensing light path.
Claim 14. The method of claim 9 wherein said determining a magnitude of change of said effective light path lengths introduced "by said modulating comprises balancing said broadband light resulting from interference of said broadband light reflected from the biological sample with a feed back loop.
Claim 15 , The method of Claim 1 further comprising calibrating at least one of said reference light path and said sensing light path by adjusting said effective light path lengths of at least one of said reference light path and said sensing light path based on a sample exhibiting known properties.
Claim 16. The method of Claim 1 wherein said determining the characteristic of the biological sample comprises determining a difference between said first phase and said second phase based on said first depth and said second depth,
Claim 17. The method of Claim 16 wherein said determining a difference between said first phase and said second phase based on said first depth and said second depth comprises: identifying the characteristic of the biological sample as within a medium if said difference between said first phase and said second phase is less than about a threshold; and identifying the characteristic of the biological sample as a boundary between mediums if said difference between said first phase and said second phase exceeds about said threshold.
Claim 18. The method of Claim 1 wherein said determining the characteristic of the biological sample comprises determining a difference between said first phase and said second phase based on a difference between said first depth and said second depth.
Claim 19 , The method of Claim ϊ S wherein aaid determining a difference between said first phase and said second phase based on a difference between said first depth and said second depth comprises: identifying the characteristic of the biological sample as within a medium if a ratio of a rate of said difference between aaid first phase and said second phase and a said difference between said fust depth and aaid second depth is less than about a threshold; and identifying the characteristic of the biological sample as a boundary between mediums if a ratio of said difference between said first phase and said second phase and said difference between said first depth and said second depth exceeds about said threshold,
Claim 20. The method of claim 9 further comprising determining a first variation in an index of refraction of the biological sample from said magnitude of change of said effective light path lengths and said first depth, said first variation in said index of refraction from a ratio of said magnitude of change of said effective light path length and said first depth.
Claim 21. The method of claim 20 wherein said magnitude of change of said effective light path lengths comprises one of a numerator and a denominator of said ratio and said first depth comprises an other of said numerator and said denominator of said ratio.
Claim 22. The method of claim 20 further comprising determining a second variation in an index of refraction of the biological sample from said magnitude of change of said effective light path lengths and said second depth, said second variation in said index of refraction from a ratio of said magnitude of change of said effective light path length and said second depth.
Claim 23. The method of claim 22 wherein said magnitude of change of said effective light path lengths comprises one of a numerator and a denominator of said ratio and said second depth comprises an otheτ of said numerator and said denominator of said ratio.
Claim 24. The method of Claim 1 further comprising determining a first magnitude of said broadband light resulting from said interfering based on said first depth.
Claim 25, The method of Claim 24 further comprising determining a second magnitude of said broadband light resulting from said interfering based on said second depth,
Claim 26. The method of Claim 24 further comprising determining the characteristic of the biological sample from said first magnitude and said second magnitude.
Claim 27. The method of Claim 26 wherein said determining the characteristic of the biological sample comprises determining a difference between aaid first magnitude and said second magnitude based on said first depth and said second depth.
Claim 28. The method of Claim 27 wherein said determining a difference between said first magnitude and said second magnitude based on said first depth and said second depth comprises; identifying the characteristic of the biological sample as within a medium if said difference between said first magnitude and said second magnitude is less than about a threshold; and identifying the characteristic of the biological sample as a boundary between mediums if said difference between said first magnitude and said second magnitude exceeds about said threshold.
Claim 29. The method of Claim 22 wherein said determining the characteristic of the biological sample comprises determining a difference between said first magnitude and said second magnitude based on a difference between said first depth, and said second depth.
Claim 30, The method of Claim 29 wherein said determining a difference between said first magnitude and said second magnitude based on a difference between said first depth and said second depth comprises; identifying the characteristic of the biological sample as within a medium if a ratio of a rate of said difference between said first magnitude and said second magnitude and said difference between said first depth and said second depth is less than about a threshold; and identifying the characteristic of the biological sample as a boundary between mediums if said ratio of said rate of said difference between said first magnitude and said second magnitude and said difference between said first depth and said second depth exceeds about said threshold.
Claim 31. A system for determining a characteristic of tissue in a biological sample, the system comprising: a broadband light source for providing a broadband light; a sensing light path receptive to said broadband light from said broadband light source, βaid sensing light path configured to direct said broadband light at the biological sample and to receive said broadband light reflected from the biological sample; a reflecting device; a reference light path receptive to said broadband light from said broadband light source, said reference light path configured to direct said broadband light at said reflecting device and to receive- said broadband light reflected from said reflecting device; a detector receptive to said broadband light resulting from said broadband light reflected from the biological sample and said broadband light reflected from said reflecting device, to generate signals iπdictive of an interference of said broadband light reflected from the biological sample and said broadband light reflected from said reflecting device ; means for changing an effective light path length of at least one of said reference light path and said sensing light path; and a processor configured to; (1) determine a first phase from said signal indicative of said interference of said broadband light reflected from a first depth in the biological sample and said broadband light reflected from said reflecting device based, said first depth defined by said effective light path length of said sensing light path and said effective light path length of said reference light path, (2) determine a second phase from said signal indicative of said interference of said broadband light reflected from a second depth in the biological sample and said broadband light reflected from said reflecting device based, said second depth defined by said effective light path length of at least one of said sensing light path and said reference light path having been changed, and (3) determine the characteristic of the biological sample from said first phase and said second phase.
Claim 32. The system of claim 31 wherein at least one of said reference light path, and said sensing light path comprises at least one αf an optical fiber and a waveguide,
Claim 33. The system of claim 34 wherein said means for changing comprises a movable reflecting device disposed at said reference light path.
Claim 34, The system of claim 32 wherein said means for changing comprises a modulator of metallic electrodes disposed at an optical waveguide.
Claim 35, The system of claim 32 wherein said means for changing comprises a modulator formed with a piezoelectric drum with an optical fiber wound thereon forming at least a portion of at least one of said reference light path and said sensing light path.
Claim 36. The system of claim 31 wherein said reflecting device is fixed.
Claim 37. The system of claim 32 further including a modulator associated with at least one of said reference light path and said sensing light path, said modulator for modulating said effective light path lengths of said at least one of said reference light path and said sensing light path in accordance with a modulator function having a phase component.
Claim 38, The system of claim 37 wherein said processor is further configured to determine a magnitude of change of said effective light path length introduced by said modulator when said phase component of said modulator function is generally null for at east one of said first phase and determine said second phase.
Claim 39. The system of claim 37 wherein said modulator comprises a sinusoidal modulator.
Claim 40. The system of claim 37 wherein said modulator comprises a ramp modulator,
Claim 41. The system of claim 37 wherein said modulator comprises metallic electrodes disposed at an optical waveguide
Claim 42. The system of claim 37 wherein said modulator comprises a piezoelectric drum with an optical fiber wound thereon forming at least a portion of at least one of said reference light path and said sensing light path.
Claim 43 , The system of claim 37 further comprising a feedback loop associated with said modulator operating on a limit of said modulating such that said broadband light resulting from interference of said broadband light reflected from the biological sample is balanced,
Claim 44. The system of Claim 31 further comprising a calibrating strip for calibrating at least one of said reference light path and said sensing light path to adjust said effective light path length of at least one of said reference light path and said sensing light path based on a sample exhibiting known properties.
Claim.
45. The system αf Claim 31 wherein the characteristic of the biological sample is determined based on a difference between said first phase end said second phase and said first depth and said second depth.
Claim 46. The system of Claim 45 wherein: the characteristic of the biological sample is identified as within a single medium if said difference between said first phase and said second phase is less than about a -threshold; and the characteristic of the biological sample ia identified as a boundary between mediums if said difference between said first phaBe and said second phase exceeds about said threshold.
Claim 47. The system of Claim 31 wherein the characteristic of the biological sample is determined based on a difference between aaid firat phase and said second phase and a difference between said first depth and said second depth.
Claim 48, The system of Claim 47 wherein: the characteristic of the biological sample is identified as within a single medium if a ratio of a rate of said difference between said first phase and said second phase and said difference between said firθt depth and said second depth is less than about a threshold; and the characteristic of the biological sample is identified as a boundary between mediums if said ratio of said rate of said difference between said first phase and said second phase and said difference between said first depth and said second depth exceeds about aaid threshold.
Claim 49. The system of claim 38 further comprising said processor determines a first variation in an index of refraction of the biological sample from said magnitude of change of said effective light path lengths and aaid firat depth, said first variation in aaid index of refraction comprising ratio of said magnitude of change of said effective light path lengths and said first depth.
Claim 50. The system of claim 49 wherein said magnitude of change of said effective light patfi lengths comprises one of a numerator and a denominator of said ratio and said first depth comprises an other of said numerator and said denominator of said ratio,
Claim 51, The system of claim 49 further comprising said processor determines a second variation in an index of refraction of the biological sample from said magnitude of change of said effective light path lengths and said second depth, said second variation in said index of refraction comprising a ratio of said magnitude of change of said effective light path lengths and said second depth.
Claim 52. The system of claim 51 wherein said magnitude of change of said effective light path lengths comprises one of a numerator and a denominator of said ratio and said first depth comprises an other of said numerator and said denominator of said ratio,
Claim 53. The system of Claim 31 further comprising said processor determines a first magnitude of said broadband light resulting from said interfering based on said first depth.
Claim 54. The system of Claim 53 further comprising said processor determines a second magnitude of said broadband light resulting from said interfering based on said second depth,
Claim 55. The system of Claim 54 further comprising said processor determines the characteristic of the biological sample from said first magnitude and said second magnitude.
Claim 56. The system of Claim 55 wherein the characteristic of the biological sample is determined based on. a difference between said first magnitude and said second magnitude based on said first depth and said second depth.
Claim 57. The system of Claim 56 wherein: the characteristic of the biological sample is identified as within a medium if said difference between said first magnitude and said second magnitude is less than about a threshold; and the characteristic of the biological sample is identified as a boundary between mediums if said difference between said first magnitude and said second magnitude exceeds about said threshold.
Claim 58. The system of Claim 54 wherein the characteristic of the biological sample is determined based on a difference between said first magnitude and said second magnitude based on a difference between said first depth and said second depth.
Claim 59, The system of Claim 58 wherein; the characteristic of the biological sample is identified as within a medium if a ratio of a rate of said difference between said first magnitude and said second magnitude and said difference between said first depth and said second depth is less than about a threshold; and the characteristic of the biological sample is identified as a boundary between mediums if said ratio of said rate of said difference between said first magnitude and said second magnitude and said difference between said first depth and said second depth exceeds about said threshold,
PCT/US2006/002253 2005-01-21 2006-01-20 Low coherence interferometry for detecting and characterizing plaques WO2006079013A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06719204A EP1858403A1 (en) 2005-01-21 2006-01-20 Low coherence interferometry for detecting and characterizing plaques

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/039,987 US7242480B2 (en) 2004-05-14 2005-01-21 Low coherence interferometry for detecting and characterizing plaques
US11/039,987 2005-01-21

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WO2006079013B1 true WO2006079013B1 (en) 2006-11-09

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