WO2006100546A1

WO2006100546A1 - Bat speed sensing device and method

Info

Publication number: WO2006100546A1
Application number: PCT/IB2005/052662
Authority: WO
Inventors: Joseph Sabatino
Original assignee: Joseph Sabatino
Priority date: 2005-03-21
Filing date: 2005-08-10
Publication date: 2006-09-28
Also published as: US20060211523A1

Abstract

The invention provides for baseball bat velocity sensing apparatus and method, which employs at least one sesnor that may be selectively attached to a batting glove. To facilitate use of the system and avoid intereference with the batter's swing, swinging or hitting characteristics of the bat, the apparactus of the present invention is selectively positioned in association with the batter's hands during his/her swing. The apparatus provids an output that is responsive to swing movement, and measures the velocity of the swing and bat speed for display to a user. The method and apparatus of the present invention may be employed with any type of bat and regular bats may be used without any required modification or attachments.

Description

BAT SPEED SENSING DEVICE AND METHOD DESCRIPTION

Cross Reference to Related Applications/Incorporation by Reference [Para 1 ] This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application serial number 60/663,660, filed March 21 , 2005, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Background of the Invention

[Para 2] This invention relates to a device and rnechod for determining the velocity of a bat swing, either when hitting a ball or psacticing. Mo> e particularly, this invention relatt-s to a method and apparatus for sensing the velocity of a baseball bat when, wherein the apparatus and method provide for selective usage in association with a batting glove. [Para 3] It is known that the flight of a struck baseball and its ultimate traveling distance is determined in part by the velocity of the baseball bat at the time of impact with the ball. Other factors that will influence the speed of the ball include the individual characteristics of the bat and the ball, the incoming or pitch speed in the case of a pitched ball, the orientation of the bat when it hits the ball, the point of contact at which the bat hits the ball, and environmental factors, such as wind resistance, that operate on the ball while it is in flight. Of these factors, there are four that are within the batter's control — the bat's characteristics, which is determined by the type of bat the batter selects, the bat's velocity, the bat's orientation, and the point of impact. Upon selection of an appropriate bat and stance for a particular swing, the batter's success in executing the hit is primarily reduced to controlling the bat's position and velocity at impact.

[Para 4] Others have employed a variety of means in seeking to either directly measure the speed of a baseball that was hit by a bat, or measuring a baseball bat's velocity, and thereby indirectly inferring the baseball's potential speed. These concepts generally relate to swing- practice instructional devices that may be used for comparative purposes, and for the batter to better recognize, present swing characteristics.

[Para 5] With respect to measuring the implement's velocity, some have developed fixed systems, such as those associated with a batting tee, which, of course, is unsuited to making measurements during ordinary play. Others have developed devices that measure bat speed and swing tempo using light beams and/or radar pointed ai the device either ^" ft

in which the baseball bat itself is instrumented, which is expensive, and which will likely undesirably alter the characteristics of the bat or be subject to damage if used to hit a ball. [Para 6] Further limitations and disadvantages of traditional or proposed devices that purport to measure the speed or velocity of sports swing impactors will become apparent to one skilled in the art through comparison of such systems with the present invention, as set forth in the remainder of this application.

Summary of the Invention

[Para 7] There is a need for baseball bat velocity sensing apparatus and method, which avoids the drawbacks of prior art systems. This need is met in the present invention, which employs at least one sensor that may be selectively attached to a batting glove. To facilitate use of the system and avoid interference with the batters swing, swinging or hitting characteristics of the bat, the apparatus of the present invention is selectively positioned in association with the batter's hands during his/her swing. The apparatus provides an output that is responsive to swing movement, and measures the velocity of the swing and bat speed for display to a user. The method and apparatus of the present invention may be employed with any type of bat and regular bats may be used without any required modification or attachments. Thus, for example, bat velocity may be determined in the ordinary course of a baseball game. The invention is easily and conveniently used without materially altering or interfering with the batter's ordinary swings. Accordingly, the bat speed measuring apparatus of the present invention embodied as a separate, small, lightweight, self-contained device, or integrated into a batting glove for use. Such a device M^* £■ is selectively secured in association with a batter's hands above the wrist, to accurately „ Υi monitor swing velocity, such as via selective attachment to a batting glove or integration jff into the glove. ^* *

[Para 8] The invention uses at least one or more sensor from which bat barrel velocity is determined, the at least one sensor disposed in a substantially fixed relationship to the bat during a swing to be monitored. A sensor may be disposed to measure the centripetal acceleration along the shaft of the bat, and/or to measure acceleration in one or more planes that are generally perpendicular to the bat's shaft. Using two or more sensors, the bat face orientation and/or direction of motion at impact with a ball may be determined. [Para 9] The invention also provides the batter with a convenient, light weight chronometer or timepiece which does not restrict or adversely affect the user's sporting activities. In accordance with this aspect of the invention, the same circuitry which provides motion information may be used to provide a watch function. Thus it will be possible to omit one's regular watch during baseball play or a practice session. The invention may also provide for comparing a swing with one or more prior swings, or may provide an indication whether and by how much the bat speed is increasing or decreasing from swing to swing or over a number of swings. The device also may store a number of the fastest bat speeds from a predetermined number of the batter's previous swings. It is also capable of either automatically or manually switching between its clock, velocity, speed ratio modes or other modes. The device can also be reset to erase the previous swing memories. Although the device is lightweight, it is rugged, and is configured with a shape and design, which allows positioning in association with a glove adjacent to and above the wrist of the user without affecting the users normal swing. Other objects and features of the invention will be understood with reference to the specification, claims and drawings.

[Para 10] These and other advantages and novel features of the present invention, as well as $ details of an illustrated embodiment thereof, will be more fully understood from the $ following description and drawings. The description should not be literally construed as a ^J limitation of the invention. Rather, the invention should be interpreted within the broad *ψ scope of the further appended claims.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[Para 1 l ] One can better understand the present invention when one refers to the accompanying drawings, wherein identical parts are identified with identical alphanumeric reference characters, and wherein.

[Para 12] FIC. 1 is a perspective of an embodiment of the apparatus, selectively attached to a batting glove.

[Para 1 3] FIC. 2 is a perspective view of the embodiment as shown in Fig. 1 , showing function buttons and display mode. [Para 14] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of functional operation of a device according to the present invention.

[Para 1 5] FIC. 4 is a schematic flow diagram showing the various mode and select options and typical or potential event sequences within the underlying operational functions of the present invention.

[Para 16] FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating a potential accelerometer sensor output during a potential or typical non-impact swing of a swing impactor such as a baseball bat.

[Para 17] FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating a potential accelerometer sensor output after impact, associated with a swing in which the bat hits the ball.

[Para 18] FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating the main functional components of a processor that may be used in the invention. - ^* ■*

[Para 19] FIG. 8 is a perspective of an embodiment of the apparatus, selectively integrated into a batting glove. ^• •^■ > ,,

Detailed Description of the Invention

[Para 20] When a bat is swung, it follows a curved path about two connected centers of rotation. A first center of rotation is located generally between the batter's shoulders. A second center of rotation is formed by the batter's wrists. At the time when the bat strikes the ball, as the batter moves his wrist, the bat is generally aligned with the centers of rotation, and the direction of motion of the batter's hands is generally parallel to the direction of motion of the bat.

[Para 2I ] A motion sensor disposed between the centers of rotation, e.g., between the shoulders and wrists, will not respond to motion about the second center of rotation. A sensor disposed between the second center of rotation and the bat will respond to motions about both centers of rotation. A bat-mounted sensor will experience the greatest motion if mounted on the bat's face, and this location will provide a given sensor with the largest signal output and measurement accuracy. However, there are problems, such as the effect on the bat's swinging and hitting characteristics, associated with disposing a sensor at the center of the bat's body or hitting surface.

[Para 22] It has been discovered that a sensor may be disposed not on the bat's body, but generally at or near the grip end of its handle, and provide an inferential determination of bat speed that is sufficiently accurate and repeatable to be useful for many purposes. Thus, if a batter wears a device on the hand, an accurate velocity measurement of the bat speed during a swing may be made. The positioning in association with a batting glove positions the device at a location to capture velocity data created by the swing at a point above the * users wrists and this second center of rotation. FIG. 1 shows a baseball batting glove 10,- . -^ worn on a player's hand, which is provided with a bat speed sensing device 1 2 at a location || where the device 1 2 does not interfere with the batters swing. Sn FIG. 1 , a bat sensing speedjϊ device 1 2 is shown as being selectively secured to the batting glove .10. The batting glove $& 10 may include a closure or size adjustment mechanism including mating pieces of material such as that sold under the trademark Velcro. Adjacent and above the wrist, a further Velcro attachment surface can be exposed on the back of the glove 10, and device 1 2 mounted at this location with a mating Velcro portion so that the device 1 2 may be detachably, selectively secured to the glove 10.

[Para 23]The mounting location on the batting glove allows the device 12 to accurately capture velocity information upon swinging, while avoiding any interference with the bat or ability to hit a ball. Other device mounting locations and mounting means may also be provided, as long as the device is positioned above the wrist in association with the batter's hand. Each mounting location for a sensor has certain relative advantages and disadvantages. Glove or hand mountings are preferred because the device, once mounted, will always be in place for measuring a swing with any bat. As shown in Fig. 2, a device 12 according to an embodiment includes a housing 14, which may be molded of plastic or the like. The housing 14 is designed to have a low profile, being miniaturized so as not to interfere with the normal use of the batting glove. For example, the housing 14 may be configured to have a size of approximately 2 inches long by one and one-eighth inch height and one-quarter inch thick, so as to fit easily on the back of the hand on the glove as shown. The housing 14 may have an attachment mechanism on its bottom surface for selective engagement to glove 10 as otherwise described. The housing 14 may also be configured to have shaped portions 1 5 and 16, formed on the bottom and outside surfaces of the housing 14, which allow a user to swing without interference with housing 14. The portions ! 5 and 16 are shaped and positioned such that upon swinging, as the wrists move^ through the swinging motion, the housing 14 does not contact the wrists or arm of the ^• h.$β user. The housing 14 may be configured in separable' prices to allow e.isy access to an ^ internal battery supply for replacement thereof. A plurality of function buttons .1 7 or other 3 suitable interface for use in operating a processing system associated with device 1 2. A display 1 8 is provided to indicate measured results in various modes of operation, and/or provide other functions such as the display or time/date or other information. Other suitable indication means, such as audio or any other suitable approach to communicate information.

[Para 24] Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of the functional operation of device 12 according to an embodiment. In device 1 2, a processing system comprising motion- responsive sensor 20 is disposed within housing 14. The raw sensor output will typically require processing and conversion to enable output of information representing determined bat velocity and/or other parameters, and so the output of the sensor is coupled to a processor 22 for these purposes. Processor 22 controls an externally perceivable output, such as a visual display 18, for providing bat velocity and other information. It is contemplated that other outputs, such as a synthesized speech output, may be used. [Para 25]The mounting 24 provides a means for selectively associating the housing 14 with a batter or bat to be swung. The particular mounting 24 will depend on the location intended for mounting, and as discussed above may include a snap closure portion, a Velcro portion, or other suitable mounting systems. Mounting 24 is preferably physically disposed on the opposite side of housing 14 from the display 18. A control input or several inputs 26 may be provided to control processor 20. Such inputs may be provided for the purpose of operating the device 12 in one or more modes of operation. The control inputs 26 may be used to initiate measuring for sensing velocity of a swing is to be made, or the system may automatically determine a swing is made upon receipt of .a signal of a predetermined type.^' i The user inputs 26 may also be used to reset the device after a swing, Ito.provide input %ψ parameters to calibrate the device or customize its output for a particular batter or bat.

the like. Such inputs 26 may physically take the form of a switch or button, or any suitable ^ interface. In this regard, it is noted that the device of the present invention may provide other functions in addition to bat velocity determination. For instance, processor 22 may include a clock function, the time output of which may be visible on display 18 together with or alternately with the bat velocity. Thus the device may function as a sports watch, which is often advantageous when seeking to avoid damage to expensive dress watches that are more suitable for occasions other than playing baseball. A watch function is preferably provided, and control inputs 26 may function to set the time. Several displays may be provided so that the alternate functional modes can be visible simultaneously. If only a single display is provided, control inputs 26 may function to switch the device between its watch and bat speed monitoring functions. This may also be accomplished automatically, for instance by converting from a watch function to a bat monitoring function when a motion threshold has been exceeded, and returning the display to a time display after a predetermined interval. Other functions, such as scorekeeping or data input functions, may also be incorporated into processor 22 with necessary inputs provided by control inputs 26 and with outputs displayed on display 1 8.

[Para 26] As seen in Fig. 4, an example of operation of the velocity recorder 1 2 will be described. In a standby mode at 50, the device 1 2 may provide a display of time or other information via the display 18. Using the user inputs 26, a detecting mode may be selected at 52, with an indication to the user, such as by flashing of display information. During the detecting mode, a user may swing a bat, and swing speed will be detected at 54 and the processor will determine the velocity of the. swing and provide a display thereof at 56. The user may detect further swings by selection of detecting mode at 58_; or automatically if no ^ further swing is detected in a predetermined period at 60. The velocity display 56 may alsot^ be set to provide a flashing circulating display of the current measured swing velocity, and/or whether the current swing speed^' is greater or less than a prior measured swing - speed at 62. For example, the processor may be configured to display the current swing speed and intermittently to display the percentage comparison of the current swing to a prior swing, such as the immediately prior swing speed. Thus, the display may intermittently flash the percentage greater or lesser than the prior swing speed, to allow a user to hone the swing to a consistent velocity or attempt to increase the velocity accordingly. The device 1 2 may also be configured to have a recall mode 64, wherein upon selection, a display of a predetermined number of prior swing speeds may be displayed in a circulating manner at 66. For example, the last 10 measured swing speeds may be displayed, to afford the user a significant history of measured swing speeds for comparison and evaluation. [Para 27] The following, with reference to Fig. 4, this embodiment describes the possible operation of device 1 2, and is not meant to be a limitation on the potential variations in its operation: buttons, i.e., mode, or on/off and select or start, are used to operate a velocity computer and other operations. Mode Button: Pressing the mode button allows the user to select or move from one mode or function to another, such as standby, detecting, display, recall or reset. In the setup process, pressing the mode button circulates the preferences, whereas pressing the select button changes or scrolls the value. As a further example, pressing the mode button for more than five seconds resets the velocity computer, or a clear button may be provided. Select Button: In the recall mode, pressing the select button circulates the recorded data. Pressing and holding for more than two seconds allows the .„ . user to enter the setup process. In the setup mode, pressing and holding the select button ?$■< - for more than two seconds will quit the setup process. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD): In the^|-

flashing. In recall mode, the display circulates the from the highest to the lowest of the top ten bat speeds or the like. In the standby mode, the current time and/or other information may be displayed.

[Para 28] A variety of sensor technologies may be employed to measure the bat barrel velocity according to the present invention. Sensors which respond directly to their speed of movement, such as air pressure sensors, may be employed. However, it is believed that it is preferable to use acceleration sensors, particularly monolithic accelerometers. As the device 12 according to the invention may be used when hitting a ball, the impact of a hit ball and the vibrations caused by such impact, can adversely affect proper measurement. The sensor 20 and processor 22 may therefore be of a type which are ruggedized to avoid damage by such vibrations, and adapted for high speed processing for capturing information relating to bat speed prior to impact and induced vibrations.

[Para 29] To determine bat velocity at a desired impact point when acceleration sensors are used, their outputs can be processed by time integration. Alternatively, for a body moving in an arc, its speed at a point may be determined from its angular velocity at that point, and its angular velocity at that point may be determined from its centripetal acceleration. As a bat effectively moves in a circular arc, or an approximately circular arc for sufficiently short arc lengths, about a center of rotation C, near its grip, it is possible to measure velocity in this manner. The bat is disposed at a radius Rh from the center of rotation, and a sensor S is disposed intermediate between these points, at a radius R_s. Both bat and sensor S effectively move at angular velocity ω about the center of rotation. - .. . , $;„

[Para 30] The sensor S may be disposed to measure its radial or centripetal acceleration, /;e^>_< its acceleration in the direction of the Z axis (axis parallel to the bat's longitudinal axis). The%₄ angular velocity ω may then^{^}be determined as ω — V{A_S/Rs), where A₅ is the acceleration at ^ ^• S. The magnitude of the bat velocity may then be determined as

The invention may therefore utilize centripetal accelerometer sensors mounted generally near the wrist of the batter and/or near the grip of the bat. While the values of Rh and R_s may be measured, it is simpler and more practical to compute the factor Rh/VR_S by correlating acceleration and measured bat velocity. In the computation, the velocity of the bat at a point adjacent the barrel of the bat, being the "sweet spot" that a hitter desires the ball to hit. The measurement is thus taken at an average distance from the grip of the bat to measure velocity at a point centered about twelve inches from the top of the bat in an area that, dependent upon bat length, will be centered in a region approximately six to eight inches around this location. [Para 31 ] Sensor motion data will be generated throughout a swing. Since the information desired is the bat's velocity at the time of impact or at a point where impact should occur with a ball, it is desirable to obtain as much information as possible before impact occurs. FIGS. 5 and 6 are graphs illustrating sensor output versus time during a swing. The swing commences at time ti , after which the output increases to a maximum typically at the time of impact t2, after which the output decreases to zero at the time of completion of the swing t₃. Typically the impact will cause excessive noise and an acceleration profile which is not representative of the bat speed. The processing circuitry may therefore be programmed to capture data only until the detection of impact, such that any adverse effects from the impact are avoided. The signal from the sensor(s) is therefore analyzed to . deter/nine th.e_; time of impact, and process data prior to this point for producing the indication . of bat φ : \ . speed: Alternatively, the effects of any such noise may be minimized by appropriate &.^'■^"

filtering, and the peak-sensor output will be selected as the output representing bat ;v.^| _s; : velocity;: . ^{• ■}: ^{■ ■•} . x - i ^■■ . ' ^■? . ^{■ ■} - -. ^{■ ■ ■};. ^'. ' . ^■' • .-. - ,v - ^•'. . ^■ ' .^"■ > :.. ' :. - -^{• •} , \- .-^{! :} : --v-- ,' ^{■ • ■} ' ^' '^■*-^•. ^ .

[Para 32] FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating the functional signal acquisition and processing components which may be used in a device according to the invention. These components are powered by a battery (not shown). At least one sensor 30A is provided; one or more additional sensors 30B and/or 30C may also be provided. Such sensors 30 provide an electrical output which is a function of their motion. The sensor blocks 30 shown may include signal conditioning circuitry such as amplifiers. The output of each sensor 30 is supplied to the analog input of an analog-to-digital converter 32, the digital output of which is supplied to low power microcontroller 34. Microcontroller 34 operates on the received sensor data in accordance with a program stored in read-only memory 36. The bat velocity determined by microcontroller 34 is provided to the batter by output device 38. A system clock 40 is provided to synchronize the operation of microcontroller 34, and if a watch function is included in the device, system clock 40 may control this function. An input 42 to microcontroller 34 is provided for any calibrating, setting, resetting, and the like functions which may be necessary. It will be understood that many of these functional blocks may be provided by a single piece of hardware.

[Para 33] A variety of methods may be employed to determine bat speed using a system as shown in FIG. 7. As has been described, a single accelerometer may be disposed to measure centripetal acceleration along the Z axis. A sensor may also be disposed to measure movement along the Y axis (axis perpendicular to Z axis in the direction of the bat's movement); in this case, if it is an accelerometer, its output may be integrated over the swing period until impact, and if it is a velocity sensor, its output may be directly used to determine bat velocity. Alternatively, for greater accuracy, a pair of sensors may bςkuscd. For instance, an acceleration or velocity sensor may measure motion along the Y axis, and a centripetal accelerometer may measure acceleration along the Z axis,- and their outputs 'averaged or otherwise combined to reduce measurement error. A pair of sensors. may also be used to determine the bat's direction at impact. Given that the X-axis is perpendicular to both the Y and Z axes, a pair of acceleration or velocity sensors may be disposed to measure in the X-Y plane, for instance at Y+45° and Y-45°. Their outputs may be combined to determine the bat speed at impact, and the difference in their outputs may be used to determine motion in the X direction at impact, provide feedback on the swing plane of the bat Such a determination may also be made directly by a pair of sensors, one measuring in the X direction and one measuring in the Y direction. An array of three sensors may be disposed to measure in the Z direction and in the X-Y plane to enable virtually complete information regarding bat face movement to be inferentially determined. Any such information derived from the sensors may be displayed. [Para 34] Turning now to Fig. 8, a further embodiment is shown, wherein the apparatus according to the invention is integrated into a batting glove for use in monitoring bat swing velocity. The glove 100 has integrated therein a velocity monitoring device 102. In this embodiment, the device 102 may be miniaturized to fit within a small pocket or sleeve 1 04, to allow battery exchange when necessary, but otherwise is integral to glove 100 for use. A Velcro flap may be provided at the location of the sleeve 104 device where batteries may be accessed to maintain the device 102 in position for example. The device 102 may have a display 1 06 and operating buttons or the like 108 for implementing various operating modes or functions, such as similar to that described in prior embodiments. Alternatively,

- the device 102 may be simplified to monitor swing speed and the relationship to prior

■ swing speeds automatically, without requiring the user to actuate. different modes: $f . \ ..

'. Operation or eontrol: The size and positioning of the device .102 is such thaHt is effectively:, φart ofvthe glove 100. The LCD display 106 may be the only part : o.f;devicerl.02,thai^a;[s ; -, > .-. visible, with the rest of the. product beneath the surface of.the glove:,T;he:glove may-also have padding beneath the device 1 02 so as to make the glove 1 00 comfortable for use. [Para 35] While particular embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, variations will undoubtedly occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. To illustrate the invention, it is shown and described with respect to a preferred embodiment. This is not intended as a limitation, and other modifications or variations in the specific form shown and described will be apparent to those skilled in the art and will fall within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the following claims.

Claims

What is claimed is :

[Claim 1 ] An apparatus for determining the velocity of a bat swung by a batter comprising: a housing with at least one acceleration sensor having an output responsive to its acceleration, said output being computed by a measurement taken before an impact time of the bat with the ball or at the location of impact in a bat swing, a means for detachably securing the housing to the hand of a user at a position below the wrist of the user, wherein the acceleration sensor is arranged to measure radial acceleration along the bat's longitudinal axis; and a processor utilizing the sensor output for computing an output representing the bat, face impact velocity based upon the sensor output, said. means defining Rh as the Radius of the bat from the center of its rotation C, defining R₅ as the radius of the sensor from C; and As as the output from the sensor, whereby the angular velocity of the bat» ιs ω and-is - .- determined by the formula ω=V(A_s/R_s), and the speed of-the bat barrel or head -(Vh) is determined by the formula Vh

and Vh is provided as the sensor output, with the determined velocity of a swing selectively displayed on a display associated with the housing.

[Claim 2] An apparatus according to claim 1 , including a plurality of acceleration sensors, each of which is responsive to acceleration in a different direction.

[Claim 3] An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said computing and displaying means includes means for computing and displaying an output representing bat face velocity based upon the output of said sensor at a time near said impact.

[Claim 4] An apparatus according to claim 1 , further including means for computing and displaying time via the display associated with the housing.

[Claim 5] An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the processor allows the storage and selective display of a plurality of measured bat swing velocities.

[Clai m 6] An apparatus according to claim 5, wherein data associated with at least ten swings and associated swing speeds are retained in memory.

[Clai m 7] An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the housing also includes user selection actuators for controlling operation of the processor and selectively displaying various information relating to measured bat swing speeds or other information.

[Clai m 8] An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein a plurality of prior measured bat velocities are stored in memory and the a plurality of the highest measured bat velocities are displayed. . .

[Clai m¹ 9] An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the processor allows for computing and displaying an output representing<the ratio of last bat swing- speed compared^to a prior bat swing speed. ^• - . -» ⁽ " ' - _%-.

[Clai m 1 O] An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the processor allows for selectively alternating between a time mode and a sensor mode.

[Clai m 1 1 ] An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the processor allows for simultaneously displaying output representing bat velocity, bat velocity ratios and time.

[Claim 1 2] An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the measured swing speed is calculated based upon the time of impact of the bat with a baseball, generating a noise signal which is used to determine a time of impact, and calculating the speed of the swing prior to the impact.

[Clai m 1 3] An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the housing is removably attached in the desired position by selective attachment to a batting glove worn by the user.

[Clai m 1 4] An apparatus according to claim 1 3 , wherein the housing is removably attached to the glove by means of a hook and loop fastening arrangement. [Claim 1 5] An apparatus according to claim 1 3, wherein the housing is removably attached at a position on the back side of the hand portion of the glove, such that it does not interfere with the normal swing of the bat by the user.

[Claim 1 6] An apparatus according to claim 1 3, wherein the housing is shaped with a curved portion at a position adjacent to the users wrist, to allow full rotation of the wrist without interference.

[Claim 1 7] An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the processor and sensor are ruggedized to withstand the impact vibrations of hitting a baseball with the bat when the housing is attached in the desired position by selective attachment to a batting glove worn by the user. . . . . . . . ,

[Claim 1 8] An apparatus according to claim l>, wherein the velocity .-of the ibat is. calculated ..- >>for a positioη in a range of eight inches! about a point positioned approximately- tvφlve ,;^•. . inches from the top of a bat.

[Claim T 9] An apparatus according to claim.:!.; wherein the velocity of a.cuπreήt' s.vyjng bat: :; is calculated and compared to a previous swing, wherein the percentage relationship between the current and previous swing is selectively displayed on the display associated with the housing.