WO2006100649A1 - Oil well perforator configuration - Google Patents
Oil well perforator configuration Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006100649A1 WO2006100649A1 PCT/IB2006/050883 IB2006050883W WO2006100649A1 WO 2006100649 A1 WO2006100649 A1 WO 2006100649A1 IB 2006050883 W IB2006050883 W IB 2006050883W WO 2006100649 A1 WO2006100649 A1 WO 2006100649A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- shaped charge
- axis
- angle
- jet
- assembly
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
- F42B1/02—Shaped or hollow charges
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/116—Gun or shaped-charge perforators
- E21B43/117—Shaped-charge perforators
Definitions
- This invention relates to a shaped charge assembly, an arrangement of
- shaped charge is used in this specification to denote a
- the cutting charge and the deep penetrator is often required, to allow debris and other remnants of the large hole to settle and fall away
- a first shaped charge configured to generate a first jet
- a second shaped charge configured to generate a second jet
- the first angle may be selected such that preferably 0° ⁇ a ⁇ 90°.
- the first angle a may be defined between first and second bounding
- axis may be located in a common plane and the first bounding line
- the first axis may be located between the first axis and the second axis, so that if
- the common plane is a vertical plane
- the first bounding line would be
- the first jet elements may sweep through the first angle from the first jet elements
- the first shaped charge may comprise a first liner, a first body of
- first initiator located in a first initiation region and the second shaped charge may comprise a second liner, a second body of
- the first shaped charge may be an asymmetric shaped charge
- the asymmetry of the first shaped charge may be in any one or more
- first liner and the second liner may be made of
- any one or both of the first liner and the first liner are a metal. In other embodiments, any one or both of the first liner and the first liner.
- the second liner may comprise powder metallurgy
- the assembly may comprise an adjustment mechanism to enable
- the first shaped charge may be configured to generate a first relatively
- the plurality of assemblies may be mounted on a support in a linear
- the first angle may be selected such that preferably 0° ⁇ a ⁇ 90°.
- the first jet may be generated by utilizing asymmetrical features in the
- the first angle may be defined between first and second bounding
- axis may be located in a common plane and the first bounding line
- the first axis may be located between the first axis and the second axis.
- the elements of the first jet may be caused to sweep through the first
- the method may include the step of utilizing a delay time between
- the second axis may be substantially perpendicular to the target.
- figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of an oil well and a
- figure 2 is a view in plan of the well in figure 1 illustrating a top
- figure 3 is a first longitudinal section through the well of figure 1
- figure 4 is a second longitudinal section through the well of figure 1
- figure 5 is an isometric view of an axial section through a first
- a shaped charge arrangement according to the invention is generally
- the arrangement comprises a plurality of similar or identical shaped charge
- FIG. 1 An oil well 12 is drilled in known manner into a hydrocarbon
- the first shaped charge 18 is asymmetric in configuration and
- the second shaped charge 20 is
- the first shaped charge is arranged and configured to
- first jet 19 comprising elements 19.1 to 19.n propagating through a first angle 0° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 180°, preferably 0° ⁇ a ⁇ 90°, defined
- the second shaped charge is mounted in the same vertical plane
- the first shaped charge 18 is configured such that the jet
- first angle a and the second charge is configured such that the jet 35
- Such a jet may be generated with a charge 18 having a
- the hole 40 may hence have
- the charges 18 and 20 may be reduced.
- 1 1 .1 may be located relatively further away from the targeted sidewail
- the assembly 1 1 , 1 may also comprise an adjustment
- the arrangement 10 comprises a plurality of
- rock body and which channels communicate with the bore of the well.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
A shaped charge assembly (1 1 .1 ) comprises a first asymmetric shaped charge ( 18) which is configured to generate a first jet (19) comprising elements which propagate through a first angle 0° < α < 180° having a first centre axis (34) bisecting the angle a into two equal parts. A second symmetric shaped charge (20) of the assembly is configured to generate a second jet comprising elements which propagate generally along a second axis (36) which is at a second angle 0° < θ < 90° relative to the first centre axis. The assembly also comprises an initiator mechanism (26,32) for initiating first the first shaped charge and after a suitable delay, the second shaped charge.
Description
OIL WELL PERFORATOR CONFIGURATION
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
This invention relates to a shaped charge assembly, an arrangement of
shaped charge assembfies and a method of damaging a target for use
in oil well perforation applications, for example.
The term "shaped charge" is used in this specification to denote a
charge that produces or generates a high velocity stretching jet and a
low velocity slug, In many applications there is a need to damage a
target in more than one way. For example, in oil well perforation,
there is firstly a need for deep penetrating transverse channels into
surrounding hydrocarbon bearing rock and secondly for the channels to
have large transverse cross sections. In PCT Application
WO02/063143 there is a reference to a dual action or tandem charge
assembly comprising a first cutting charge and a deep penetrator
charge, which is mounted in line with the cutting charge. The principle
is that the cutting charge cuts a large hole in the well casing and the
deep penetrator then penetrates through the large hole into the rock.
However, with this in-line arrangement, there is a problem with
interference caused by remnants of the cutting charge to the jet of the
penetrator charge. Furthermore, a long deϊay time between initiating
the cutting charge and the deep penetrator is often required, to allow
debris and other remnants of the large hole to settle and fall away
from the shot-line of the deep penetrator. Still furthermore, in many
applications physical and size limitations of the hole and the assembly
may make it difficult if not impossible to accommodate the known
assemblies in the hole.
OBJECT QF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an
alternative shaped charge assembly, an arrangement comprising a
plurality of such assemblies and a method of damaging a target with
which the applicant believes the aforementioned disadvantages may at
least be alleviated.
SUMMARY OF THE tNVENTIOIM
According to the invention there is provided a shaped charge assembly
comprising:
a first shaped charge configured to generate a first jet
comprising elements which propagate through a first angle
a , wherein 0° < α < 180° and wherein the first angle a has
a first centre axis bisecting the first angle a into two equal
parts;
a second shaped charge configured to generate a second jet
comprising elements which propagate generally along a
second axis which is at a second angle 0° < θ < 90° relative
to the first centre axis; and
- an initiator mechanism for initiating the first and second
shaped charges.
The first angle may be selected such that preferably 0° < a < 90°.
The first angle a may be defined between first and second bounding
lines; the first and second bounding lines, the first axis and the second
axis may be located in a common plane and the first bounding line
may be located between the first axis and the second axis, so that if
the common plane is a vertical plane, the first bounding line would be
located below and the second bounding line above the first axis.
The first jet elements may sweep through the first angle from the first
bounding line to the second bounding line.
The first shaped charge may comprise a first liner, a first body of
explosive and a first initiator located in a first initiation region and the
second shaped charge may comprise a second liner, a second body of
explosive and a second initiator located in a second initiation region.
The first shaped charge may be an asymmetric shaped charge
configured to generate the first jet and the second shaped charge may
be symmetric.
The asymmetry of the first shaped charge may be in any one or more
of the first liner; the first body of explosive; confinement of the first
body of explosive; the first initiator and the first initiator region.
Any one or both of the first liner and the second liner may be made of
a metal. In other embodiments, any one or both of the first liner and
the second liner may comprise powder metallurgy,
The assembly may comprise an adjustment mechanism to enable
adjustment of the second angle θ .
The first shaped charge may be configured to generate a first relatively
large hole in a target and the second shaped charge may be configured
to generate a second hole extending deep into the target.
Also included within the scope of the present invention is a shaped
charge arrangement comprising a plurality of shaped charge
assemblies as herein defined and/or described.
The plurality of assemblies may be mounted on a support in a linear
array and in spaced relation relative to one another.
Also included within the scope of the present invention is a method of
damaging a target, the method comprising the steps of:
- initiating a first shaped charge to generate a first jet
comprising elements propagating through a first angle a ,
wherein 0° < a < 180° and wherein the first angle a has a
first center axis bisecting the first angle into two equal parts,
to create a first hole in a region of the target which is
subtended by the first angle; and
- thereafter initiating a second shaped charge to generate a
second jet comprising elements propagating substantially
along a second axis which is at a second angle 0° < θ < 90°
relative to the first centre axis and which second jet is
directed to impact the target in sard region, for generating a
second hole in the target.
The first angle may be selected such that preferably 0° < a < 90°.
The first jet may be generated by utilizing asymmetrical features in the
first shaped charge to cause a velocity gradient in the first jet elements
in a direction transversely to the first axis.
The first angle may be defined between first and second bounding
lines; the first and second bounding lines, the first axis and the second
axis may be located in a common plane and the first bounding line
may be located between the first axis and the second axis.
The elements of the first jet may be caused to sweep through the first
angle from the first bounding line to the second bounding line.
The method may include the step of utilizing a delay time between
initiating the first charge and initiating the second charge of the
assembly.
In use the second axis may be substantially perpendicular to the target.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DIAGRAMS
The invention will now further be described, by way of example only,
with reference to the accompanying diagrams wherein
figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of an oil well and a
perforator arrangement according to the invention therefor
and which arrangement comprises a plurality of shaped
charge assemblies according to the invention;
figure 2 is a view in plan of the well in figure 1 illustrating a top
assembly of the arrangement in the well;
figure 3 is a first longitudinal section through the well of figure 1
illustrating a first possible disposition for an assembly in the
well;
figure 4 is a second longitudinal section through the well of figure 1
illustrating a second possible disposition for the assembly in
the well; and
figure 5 is an isometric view of an axial section through a first and
asymmetrical shaped charge forming part of the assembly
according to the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
A shaped charge arrangement according to the invention is generally
designated by the reference numeral 10 in the figures. The
arrangement comprises a plurality of similar or identical shaped charge
assemblies 1 1 .1 to 1 1 ,n.
Although the arrangement may be used in a variety of applications, an
oil well perforating application is illustrated by way of example in
figure 1 . An oil well 12 is drilled in known manner into a hydrocarbon
bearing rock body 14. The well is lined with a casing 16 also in well-
known manner. In practice, it is required to perforate the casing 16
and rock body 14 in order to create a plurality of transversely
extending channels 1 7.1 and 17.2 through which oil and gas can flow
from the rock body 14 into the bore of the well 12.
Since the assemblies 1 1.1 to 1 1 ,n are identical, only assembly 1 1.1
will be described in further detail hereinafter. Assembly 1 1.1
comprises a first shaped charge 18 and a second shaped charge 20.
The first shaped charge 18 is asymmetric in configuration and
comprises a metal or powder metallurgy liner 22, a body of explosive
charge 24 and an initiator device 26. The second shaped charge 20 is
symmetric in configuration and comprises a liner 28, a body of
explosive charge 30 and an initiator device 32. As will hereinafter be
described, the first shaped charge is arranged and configured to
generate a first jet 19 comprising elements 19.1 to 19.n propagating
through a first angle 0° < α < 180°, preferably 0° < a < 90°, defined
between or bounded by first and second bounding lines 42 and 44 and
comprising a first centre axis 34 bisecting the angle into two equal
parts. The second shaped charge is mounted in the same vertical plane
as the first charge and is arranged and configured to generate in
known manner a second jet 35 comprising elements propagating
substantially along a second axis 36 at an angle 0° < θ < 90°
relative to the first axis 34. As will be explained in more detail
hereinafter, the first shaped charge 18 is configured such that the jet
19 thereof generates a large circumference hole 40 in a targeted part
16.1 of the casing 16 and surrounding rock body 14 subtended by the
first angle a and the second charge is configured such that the jet 35
thereof propagates through the large hole 40 and generates a hole
with smaller circumference, but extending substantially perpendicular
to axis 15 of the well and much deeper into the surrounding rock body
14.
A typical example of and asymmetric shaped charge is shown in more
detail in figure 5. As is clear from figure 5, the liner 22 is thicker in a
bottom region 22.1 thereof than in a diametrically opposed top region
22.2 thereof. The aforementioned asymmetry of the first charge 18
causes the elements or particles 19.1 to 19.n in the jet 19 having a
main axiai velocity component X^ to have a transverse velocity
gradient in direction Y. Referring to figure 1 , at the target 16.1 , the jet
elements do not impinge on one another to impact the same area of
the target, but impinge on the target to create or cut the hole 40 from
a bottom region 40.1 thereof in a direction A to a top region 40.2
thereof. This is achieved with the jet 19, the particles 19.1 to 19.n of
which sweep progressively through angle a from first bounding line
42 lower than or below axis 34 to second bounding line 44 above the
first axis 34. Such a jet may be generated with a charge 18 having a
deliberate asymmetry in the liner 22 (as indicated) and/or the explosive
charge body 24 and/or the confinement thereof and/or the initiation
device 26 and/or the initiation geometry. The hole 40 may hence have
an oblong or elongate shape with a vertical axis 40.3 thereof being
longer than a perpendicular axis (not shown) into the paper. With such
an assembly 1 1 .1 , interference of the respective jets associated with
the charges 18 and 20 may be reduced.
In use, the distance between the assembly 1 1 .1 and the targeted
sidewal! may be unknown and indeterminate. The angle a is selected
such that the hole 40 would be large enough so that the arrangement
1 1 .1 may be located relatively further away from the targeted sidewail
16.1 of the lining 16 (as shown in figure 3} or relatively closer thereto
(as shown in figure 4) and so that the jet of the second charge 20
would still pass through the subtended region at the target 16.1 and
that the second jet would pass through the large hole 40. The angle a
may be designed to have a suitable size through suitable design of the
charge 18. The assembly 1 1 , 1 may also comprise an adjustment
mechanism (not shown) to enable user selection and adjustability of
the angle θ between the axis 36 and the axis 34.
It may be advantageous to design the charge 18 to generate a thick
short jet with low axial velocity gradient. This would yield a hole 40 in
the casing with a large diameter and will minimize the extent of
penetration by the first jet into the casing 16 and rock 14. With the
second jet aimed towards a lower region of the hole 40 and the
cutting motion of the first jet in direction A from the bottom of the
hole towards the top thereof, the slug of the first charge would
present little if any interference to the second jet.
As best shown in figure 1 , the arrangement 10 comprises a plurality of
similar assemblies 1 1 .1 to 1 1 .n. The assemblies are arranged in an
array, typically linear, in spaced relationship on an elongate support or
gun 50. In use, the gun is lowered into the well. A detonation cord 52
extends between adjacent assemblies 1 1 , 1 to 1 1 .n and an additional
half ioop 54 may be provided between the first charge 18 and the
second charge 20 respectively of each assembly, to provide a suitable
and slight delay time, if necessary, between initiation of the first
charge 18 and initiation of the second charge 20.
Hence, after initiation, the respective first charges with induced
asymmetry cause respective spaced large holes in the targeted
sidewall 16.1 of lining 16 and adjacent rock body and the respective
second charges generate respective deep penetrating holes
substantially perpendicularly to the axis of the well into the rock body,
thereby to form transversely extending channels 17.1 , 17.2 into the
rock body and which channels communicate with the bore of the well.
Claims
1 . A shaped charge assembly comprising:
a first shaped charge configured to generate a first jet
comprising elements which propagate through a first
angle a , wherein 0° < <2 < 180° and wherein the first
angle a has a first centre axis bisecting the first angle
into two equal parts;
a second shaped charge configured to generate a second
jet comprising elements which propagate generally along
a second axis which is at a second angle 0° < θ < 90°
relative to the first centre axis; and
an initiator mechanism for initiating the first and second
shaped charges.
2. An assembly as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first angle is
defined between first and second bounding lines, wherein the
first and second bounding lines, the first axis and the second
axis are located in a common plane and wherein the first
bounding line is located between the first axis and the second
axis.
3. An assembly as claimed in claim 2 wherein the first jet elements
sweep through the first angle from the first bounding line to the
second bounding line.
4. An assembly as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the
first shaped charge comprises a first liner, a first body of
explosive and a first initiator located in a first initiation region
and wherein the second shaped charge comprises a second
liner, a second body of explosive and a second initiator located
in a second initiation region.
5. An assembly as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the
first shaped charge is an asymmetric shaped charge configured
to generate the first jet and the second shaped charge is
symmetric.
6. An assembly as claimed in claim 5 wherein the asymmetry of
the first shaped charge is in any one or more of the first liner;
the first body of explosive; confinement of the first body of
explosive; the first initiator and the first initiator region.
7. An assembly as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6 wherein any
one of the first liner and the second liner is made of a metal.
8. An assembly as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 7 wherein any
one of the first liner and the second liner comprises powder metallurgy.
9. An assembly as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 comprising
an adjustment mechanism to enable adjustment of the second
angle .
10. An assembly as claimed in any one of the preceding claims
wherein the first shaped charge is configured to generate a first
relatively large hole in a target and the second shaped charge is
configured to generate a second relatively deep hole extending
into the target.
1 1 . A shaped charge arrangement comprising a plurality of shaped
charge assemblies as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10.
12. An arrangement as claimed in claim 10 wherein the plurality of
assemblies are mounted in a linear array and in spaced relation
relative to one another.
13. A method of damaging a target, the method comprising the
steps of;
- initiating a first shaped charge to generate a first jet
comprising first jet elements propagating through a first
angle a , wherein 0° < a < 180° and wherein the first angle
a has a first centre axis bisecting the first angle into two
equal parts, to create a first hole in a region of the target
which is subtended by the first angle; and
- thereafter initiating a second shaped charge to generate a
second jet comprising second jet elements propagating
substantially along a second axis which is at a second angle
0° < θ < 90° relative to the first centre axis and which
second jet is directed to impact the target in said region, for
generating a second hole in the target.
14. A method as claimed in claim 13 wherein 0° < a < 90°.
1 5. A method as claimed in claim 13 or claim 14 comprising the
step of utilizing asymmetrical features in the first shaped
charge to cause a velocity gradient in the first jet elements in
a direction transversely to the first axis.
16. A method as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 1 5 wherein
the first angle a is defined between first and second
bounding lines, wherein the first and second bounding lines,
the first axis and the second axis are located in a common
plane and wherein the first bounding line is located between
the first axis and the second axis.
17. A method as claimed in claim 16 wherein the first jet
elements are caused to sweep through the first angle from
the first bounding line to the second bounding line.
18. A method as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 17
comprising the step of utilizing a delay time between initiating
the first charge and initiating the second charge of an
assembly.
19. A method as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 18 wherein
the second axis is substantially perpendicular to the target.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA200502357 | 2005-03-22 | ||
| ZA2005/02357 | 2005-03-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006100649A1 true WO2006100649A1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
Family
ID=36658886
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2006/050883 WO2006100649A1 (en) | 2005-03-22 | 2006-03-22 | Oil well perforator configuration |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2006100649A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2530551A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-03-30 | Delphian Ballistics Ltd | Perforating gun assembly and method of use in hydraulic fracturing applications |
| RU2686544C1 (en) * | 2018-09-24 | 2019-04-29 | Акционерное общество "БашВзрывТехнологии" | Cumulative perforator |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1432578A (en) * | 1964-12-23 | 1966-03-25 | Soc Tech De Rech Ind | Alveolar charge with perforating effects |
| US3630282A (en) * | 1970-05-20 | 1971-12-28 | Schlumberger Technology Corp | Methods and apparatus for perforating earth formations |
| US4105073A (en) * | 1977-09-26 | 1978-08-08 | Brieger Emmet F | Tubing conveyed sand consolidating method |
| US4374495A (en) * | 1977-09-17 | 1983-02-22 | Thomanek Franz R | Warhead for antitank missiles featuring a shaped charge |
| DE2526416A1 (en) * | 1975-06-13 | 1985-10-31 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8012 Ottobrunn | Multi-hollow charge munition - with neighbouring charges separated by inert barrier |
| DE3728559C1 (en) * | 1987-08-27 | 1989-03-23 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Shaped charge |
| WO2002063143A1 (en) | 2001-02-07 | 2002-08-15 | Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Aktiengesellshaft | Supply of lubricating oil for the connecting rod bearing of a crankshaft of a multicylinder internal combustion engine |
-
2006
- 2006-03-22 WO PCT/IB2006/050883 patent/WO2006100649A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1432578A (en) * | 1964-12-23 | 1966-03-25 | Soc Tech De Rech Ind | Alveolar charge with perforating effects |
| US3630282A (en) * | 1970-05-20 | 1971-12-28 | Schlumberger Technology Corp | Methods and apparatus for perforating earth formations |
| DE2526416A1 (en) * | 1975-06-13 | 1985-10-31 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8012 Ottobrunn | Multi-hollow charge munition - with neighbouring charges separated by inert barrier |
| US4374495A (en) * | 1977-09-17 | 1983-02-22 | Thomanek Franz R | Warhead for antitank missiles featuring a shaped charge |
| US4105073A (en) * | 1977-09-26 | 1978-08-08 | Brieger Emmet F | Tubing conveyed sand consolidating method |
| DE3728559C1 (en) * | 1987-08-27 | 1989-03-23 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Shaped charge |
| WO2002063143A1 (en) | 2001-02-07 | 2002-08-15 | Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Aktiengesellshaft | Supply of lubricating oil for the connecting rod bearing of a crankshaft of a multicylinder internal combustion engine |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2530551A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-03-30 | Delphian Ballistics Ltd | Perforating gun assembly and method of use in hydraulic fracturing applications |
| GB2530551B (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-09-21 | Delphian Ballistics Ltd | Perforating gun assembly and method of use in hydraulic fracturing applications |
| RU2686544C1 (en) * | 2018-09-24 | 2019-04-29 | Акционерное общество "БашВзрывТехнологии" | Cumulative perforator |
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