WO2007102855A1 - Bifurcated stent with improved securement - Google Patents

Bifurcated stent with improved securement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007102855A1
WO2007102855A1 PCT/US2006/042977 US2006042977W WO2007102855A1 WO 2007102855 A1 WO2007102855 A1 WO 2007102855A1 US 2006042977 W US2006042977 W US 2006042977W WO 2007102855 A1 WO2007102855 A1 WO 2007102855A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
main body
stent assembly
distal
stent
struts
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2006/042977
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Daniel Gregorich
Michael Meyer
Original Assignee
Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. filed Critical Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
Publication of WO2007102855A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007102855A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/856—Single tubular stent with a side portal passage
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
    • A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2002/821—Ostial stents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
    • A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
    • A61F2/915—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
    • A61F2002/91533—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other characterised by the phase between adjacent bands
    • A61F2002/91541—Adjacent bands are arranged out of phase
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0048—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in mechanical expandability, e.g. in mechanical, self- or balloon expandability

Definitions

  • this invention relates to implantable medical devices, their manufacture, and methods of use. Some embodiments are directed to delivery systems, such as catheter systems of all types, which are utilized in the delivery of such devices.
  • a stent is a medical device introduced to a body lumen and is well known in the art.
  • a stent is implanted in a blood vessel at the site of a stenosis or aneurysm endoluminally, i.e. by so-called “minimally invasive techniques” in which the stent in a radially reduced configuration, optionally restrained in a radially compressed configuration by a sheath and/or catheter, is delivered hy a stent delivery system or "introducer" to the site where it is required.
  • the introducer may enter the body from an access location outside the body, such as through the patient's skin, or by a "cut down" technique in which the entry blood vessel is exposed by minor surgical means.
  • Stents, grafts, stent-graflts, vena cava filters, expandable frameworks, and similar implantable medical devices, collectively referred to hereinafter as stents, are radially expandable endoprostheses which are typically intravascular implants capable of being implanted transluminal ⁇ and enlarged radially after being introduced percutaneously.
  • Stents may be implanted in a variety of body lumens or vessels such as within the vascular system, urinary tracts, bile ducts, fallopian tubes, coronary vessels, secondary vessels, etc.
  • Stents may be used to reinforce body vessels and to prevent restenosis following angioplasty in the vascular system. They may be self-expanding, expanded by an internal radial force, such as when mounted on a balloon, or a combination of self-expanding and balloon expandable (hybrid expandable).
  • Stents may be created by methods including cutting or etching a design from a tubular stock, from a flat sheet which is cut or etched and which is subsequently rolled or from one or more interwoven wires or braids.
  • a bifurcation is an area of the vasculature or other portion of the body where a first (or parent) vessel is bifurcated into two or more branch vessels.
  • the lesion(s) can affect only one of the vessels (i.e., either of the branch vessels or the parent vessel) two of the vessels, or all three vessels.
  • Many prior art stents however are not wholly satisfactory for use where the site of desired application of the stent is juxtaposed or extends across a bifurcation in an artery or vein such, for example, as the bifurcation in the mammalian aortic artery into the common iliac arteries.
  • the invention is directed to a stent assembly having a main body with a proximal main body, a contralateral main body, and a distal main body at least partially constructed of interconnected struts connected one to another by a peak wherein the distal main body has a greater peak width to strut width ratio than does the proximal main body and contralateral main body.
  • a branch portion may be in fluid communication with the main body such that in the expanded state the " branch portion extends at an oblique angle in relation to the longitudinal axis.
  • the branch portion extends from the contralateral main body.
  • the peak width to strut width ratio of the distal main body is about 3 to 1. Other ratios includel.l:l, 1.25:1, 1.5:1.75:1, 2:1, 2.5:1, 3.5:1, etc.
  • the peaks in the distal main body have a greater strain concentration than does the rest of the stent.
  • the stent assembly may be disposed about at least one catheter balloon.
  • the branch portion maybe deployed using a second balloon.
  • the distal main body may comprise at least one third of the length of the stent assembly.
  • the struts of the distal main body may be narrower than the struts of the rest of the stent.
  • the peaks of the distal main body may be wider than the peaks of the rest of the stent.
  • the stent assembly may be secured to the catheter only in the distal main body.
  • the stent assembly may be secured to a catheter in at least one of the proximal main body, the contralateral main body, and the distal main body.
  • the stent assembly may comprise a plurality of annular bands having a serpentine configuration.
  • the annular bands of the distal main body may have a smaller number of peaks than the annular bands of the proximal main body and the contralateral main body.
  • the proximal main body, the contralateral main body, and the branch portion may have the substantially same peak width to strut width ratio.
  • the peaks in the distal main body are at least twice as wide as the struts of the distal main body.
  • a method of securing a stent assembly to a catheter balloon comprises providing a stent assembly as described above, disposing the stent assembly about a catheter balloon and a branch balloon, and securing the peaks and/or struts of the distal main body of the stent assembly to the catheter balloon.
  • the struts and peaks of the distal main body may be secured to the catheter balloon by plastically deforming the struts and peaks. Plastically deforming the stent struts and/or peaks may prevent them from elastically recoiling away from the balloon. By preventing this recoil, the mechanical interaction between the stent struts/peaks and balloon material may resist movement of the stent in relation to the balloon when an external force is applied.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of the bifurcated stent disposed about a catheter balloon.
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of a pair of serpentine bands having peaks.
  • FIG. 3a is a side view of a peak in the proximal main body.
  • FIG. 3b is a side view of a peak in the distal main body.
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of a bifurcated stent with two inflation balloons DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • hi Fig. 1 stent assembly 10 has a main body 12 and a branch portion 25 with a longitudinal axis 32 passing through the main body 12.
  • the main body includes a proximal main body 15, a contralateral main body 20, a distal main body 30, and a branch portion 25.
  • the branch portion 25 extends from the contralateral main body 20.
  • the stent assembly 10 may be expanded using balloons 33 and 34. The balloons may expand simultaneously or one may expand before the other.
  • the branch portion 25 may comprise a petal region.
  • the petals comprise single members that when expanded extend obliquely out from the main body 12 of the stent.
  • the branch portion may also comprise portions which extend obliquely that are formed from interconnected bands.
  • the distal main body 30 is about one third of the length of the main body 12.
  • the distal main body 30, the contralateral main body 20, and the proximal main body 15 each comprise about a third of the length of the main body 12; however they may comprise many different percentages of the total main body length as well.
  • the main body 12 maybe constructed of interconnected " bands.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates two such bands 35. Though only two bands are shown many more interconnected bands 35 may be used.
  • Each interconnected band 35 as shown includes a plurality of interconnected struts 36.
  • the interconnected struts 36 may be connected by peak portions 37 or valley portions 38.
  • an enlarged segment 39 of a proximal band 35 is shown juxtaposed with an enlarged segment 40 of a distal band 35.
  • the distal band peak 37 has a greater peak width 50 than the peak width 45 of segment 39 while the strut widths of each segment are similar.
  • the greater peak width to strut width ratio of segment 40 provides increased strain concentration resulting in higher securement.
  • the higher securement of the peak portions 37 in the distal main body 30 improves the securement of the entire stent assembly 10 as the securement of a bifurcated stent is dependent on the interaction between only the distal end of the stent interacting with the delivery balloon.
  • the peak width to strut width ratio is 3 to 1. Li some instances it is at least 2 to 1.
  • the peaks in the distal main body have a width that is equal to or less than the width of the peaks in the rest of the stent.
  • the increased peak width to strut width ratio is maintained by strut widths in the distal main body that are proportionally narrower than the strut widths in the rest of the stent,
  • the stent assembly may be secured to the balloon in only the distal main body. In some embodiments, securement to the balloon is present in other parts of the stent assembly.
  • the number of peaks in one annular band may be greater than the number of peaks in another annular band, hi some embodiments, the annular bands of the distal main body have a smaller number of peaks in the annular bands than in other parts of the stent assembly.
  • the second balloon 34 is in fluid communication with first balloon 33.
  • Balloons 33 and 34 maybe constructed of material different from one another such that under the same pressure one or the other balloon may inflate before the other balloon. As shown in Fig.
  • some embodiments of the invention include balloons 33 and 34 that are not directly in fluid communication, hi some embodiments, as shown, the second balloon 34 shares a portion of the inflation lumen until the lumen splits in the area of a bifurcation, hi some embodiments, the second balloon has an inflation lumen separate from the inflation lumen of the first balloon 33.
  • the inventive stents may be created by methods including cutting or etching a design from a tubular stock, from a flat sheet which is cut or etched and which is subsequently rolled or from one or more interwoven wires or braids. Any other suitable technique which is known in the art or which is subsequently developed may also be used to manufacture the inventive stents disclosed herein.
  • at least a portion of the stent assembly is configured to include one or more mechanisms for the delivery of a therapeutic agent.
  • the agent will be in the form of a coating or other layer (or layers) of material placed on a surface region of the stent, which is adapted to be released at the site of the stent's implantation or areas adjacent thereto.
  • the therapeutic agent can be applied in a variety of ways and can include therapeutic agent being applied in some locations more than others.
  • a therapeutic agent may be a drug or other pharmaceutical product such as non-genetic agents, genetic agents, cellular material, etc.
  • suitable non-genetic therapeutic agents include but are not limited to: anti-thrombogenic agents such as heparin, heparin derivatives, vascular cell growth promoters, growth factor inhibitors, Paclitaxel, etc.
  • an agent includes a genetic therapeutic agent, such a genetic agent may include but is not limited to: DNA, RNA and their respective derivatives and/or components; hedgehog proteins, etc.
  • the cellular material may include but is not limited to: cells of human origin and/or non-human origin as well as their respective components and/or derivatives thereof.
  • the therapeutic agent includes a polymer agent
  • the polymer agent maybe a polysryrene-polyisobutylene-polystyrene triblock copolymer (SIBS), polyethylene oxide, silicone rubber and/or any other suitable substrate.
  • SIBS polysryrene-polyisobutylene-polystyrene triblock copolymer
  • silicone rubber any other suitable substrate.
  • the inventive stents may be made from any suitable biocompatible materials including one or more polymers, one or more metals or combinations of polymer(s) and metal(s).
  • suitable materials include biodegradable materials that are also biocompatible.
  • biodegradable is meant that a material will undergo breakdown or decomposition into harmless compounds as part of a normal biological process.
  • Suitable biodegradable materials include polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid (PGA), collagen or other connective proteins or natural materials, polycaprolactone, hylauric acid, adhesive proteins, co-polymers of these materials as well as composites and combinations thereof and combinations of other biodegradable polymers.
  • Other polymers that may be used include polyester and polycarbonate copolymers.
  • suitable metals include, but are not limited to, stainless steel, titanium, tantalum, platinum, tungsten, gold and alloys of any of the above-mentioned metals.
  • suitable alloys include platinum-iridium alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys including Elgiloy and Phynox, MP35N alloy and nickel-titanium alloys, for example, Nitinol.
  • the inventive stents may be made of shape memory materials such as superelastic Nitinol or spring steel, or may be made of materials which are plastically deformable. In the case of shape memory materials, the stent may be provided with a memorized shape and then deformed to a reduced diameter shape.
  • the stent may restore itself to its memorized shape upon being heated to a transition temperature and having any restraints removed therefrom.
  • the delivery system or other portion of the assembly may include one or more areas, bands, coatings, members, etc. that is (are) detectable by imaging modalities such as X-Ray, MRI, ultrasound, etc.
  • imaging modalities such as X-Ray, MRI, ultrasound, etc.
  • at least a portion of the stent and/or adjacent assembly is at least partially radiopaque.
  • any dependent claim which follows should be taken as alternatively written in a multiple dependent form from all prior claims which possess all antecedents referenced in such dependent claim if such multiple dependent format is an accepted format within the jurisdiction (e.g.

Abstract

A stent assembly (10) includes a branch portion (25) and a main body (12) with a proximal (15) main body, a contralateral main body (20), and a distal main body (30). The branch portion is in fluid communication with the main body. In the expanded state the branch portion extends at an oblique angle in relation to the longitudinal axis. The main body and the branch portion are at least partially constructed of interconnected struts. A plurality of the struts are connected one to another by a peak. The distal main body has a greater peak width to strut width ratio than does the proximal main body and contralateral main body.

Description

TITLE
Bifurcated Stent with Improved Securement
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS Not Applicable
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH
Not Applicable
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
In some embodiments this invention relates to implantable medical devices, their manufacture, and methods of use. Some embodiments are directed to delivery systems, such as catheter systems of all types, which are utilized in the delivery of such devices.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A stent is a medical device introduced to a body lumen and is well known in the art. Typically, a stent is implanted in a blood vessel at the site of a stenosis or aneurysm endoluminally, i.e. by so-called "minimally invasive techniques" in which the stent in a radially reduced configuration, optionally restrained in a radially compressed configuration by a sheath and/or catheter, is delivered hy a stent delivery system or "introducer" to the site where it is required. The introducer may enter the body from an access location outside the body, such as through the patient's skin, or by a "cut down" technique in which the entry blood vessel is exposed by minor surgical means.
Stents, grafts, stent-graflts, vena cava filters, expandable frameworks, and similar implantable medical devices, collectively referred to hereinafter as stents, are radially expandable endoprostheses which are typically intravascular implants capable of being implanted transluminal^ and enlarged radially after being introduced percutaneously. Stents may be implanted in a variety of body lumens or vessels such as within the vascular system, urinary tracts, bile ducts, fallopian tubes, coronary vessels, secondary vessels, etc. Stents may be used to reinforce body vessels and to prevent restenosis following angioplasty in the vascular system. They may be self-expanding, expanded by an internal radial force, such as when mounted on a balloon, or a combination of self-expanding and balloon expandable (hybrid expandable).
Stents may be created by methods including cutting or etching a design from a tubular stock, from a flat sheet which is cut or etched and which is subsequently rolled or from one or more interwoven wires or braids. Within the vasculature it is not uncommon for stenoses to form at a vessel bifurcation. A bifurcation is an area of the vasculature or other portion of the body where a first (or parent) vessel is bifurcated into two or more branch vessels.
Where a stenotic lesion or lesions form at such a bifurcation, the lesion(s) can affect only one of the vessels (i.e., either of the branch vessels or the parent vessel) two of the vessels, or all three vessels. Many prior art stents however are not wholly satisfactory for use where the site of desired application of the stent is juxtaposed or extends across a bifurcation in an artery or vein such, for example, as the bifurcation in the mammalian aortic artery into the common iliac arteries.
The art referred to and/or described above is not intended to constitute an admission that any patent, publication or other information referred to herein is "prior art" with respect to this invention.
All US patents and applications and all other published documents mentioned anywhere in this application are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Without limiting the scope of the invention a brief summary of some of the claimed embodiments of the invention is set forth below. Additional details of the summarized embodiments of the invention and/or additional embodiments of the invention may be found in the Detailed Description of the Invention below.
A brief abstract of the technical disclosure in the specification is provided as well only for the purposes of complying with 37 C.F.R. 1.72. The abstract is not intended to be used for interpreting the scope of the claims.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In at least one embodiment, the invention is directed to a stent assembly having a main body with a proximal main body, a contralateral main body, and a distal main body at least partially constructed of interconnected struts connected one to another by a peak wherein the distal main body has a greater peak width to strut width ratio than does the proximal main body and contralateral main body. In at least one embodiment, a branch portion may be in fluid communication with the main body such that in the expanded state the "branch portion extends at an oblique angle in relation to the longitudinal axis. In at least one embodiment the branch portion extends from the contralateral main body. hi at least one embodiment, the peak width to strut width ratio of the distal main body is about 3 to 1. Other ratios includel.l:l, 1.25:1, 1.5:1.75:1, 2:1, 2.5:1, 3.5:1, etc.
In at least one embodiment, the peaks in the distal main body have a greater strain concentration than does the rest of the stent. hi at least one embodiment, the stent assembly may be disposed about at least one catheter balloon. hi at least one embodiment, the branch portion maybe deployed using a second balloon. hi at least one embodiment, the distal main body may comprise at least one third of the length of the stent assembly. hi at least one embodiment, the struts of the distal main body may be narrower than the struts of the rest of the stent. hi at least one embodiment, the peaks of the distal main body may be wider than the peaks of the rest of the stent. hi at least one embodiment, the stent assembly may be secured to the catheter only in the distal main body.
In at least one embodiment, the stent assembly may be secured to a catheter in at least one of the proximal main body, the contralateral main body, and the distal main body. hi at least one embodiment, the stent assembly may comprise a plurality of annular bands having a serpentine configuration. hi at least one embodiment, the annular bands of the distal main body may have a smaller number of peaks than the annular bands of the proximal main body and the contralateral main body. In at least one embodiment, the proximal main body, the contralateral main body, and the branch portion may have the substantially same peak width to strut width ratio.
In at least one embodiment, the peaks in the distal main body are at least twice as wide as the struts of the distal main body.
In at least one embodiment of the invention a method of securing a stent assembly to a catheter balloon comprises providing a stent assembly as described above, disposing the stent assembly about a catheter balloon and a branch balloon, and securing the peaks and/or struts of the distal main body of the stent assembly to the catheter balloon. In at least one embodiment, the struts and peaks of the distal main body may be secured to the catheter balloon by plastically deforming the struts and peaks. Plastically deforming the stent struts and/or peaks may prevent them from elastically recoiling away from the balloon. By preventing this recoil, the mechanical interaction between the stent struts/peaks and balloon material may resist movement of the stent in relation to the balloon when an external force is applied.
These and other embodiments which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed hereto and forming a part hereof. However, for further understanding of the invention, its advantages and objectives obtained by its use, reference should be made to the drawings which form a further part hereof and the accompanying descriptive matter, in which there is illustrated and described an embodiments of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING(S)
A detailed description of the invention is hereafter described with specific reference being made to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a side view of the bifurcated stent disposed about a catheter balloon.
FIG. 2 is a side view of a pair of serpentine bands having peaks. FIG. 3a is a side view of a peak in the proximal main body. FIG. 3b is a side view of a peak in the distal main body.
FIG. 4 is a side view of a bifurcated stent with two inflation balloons DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
While this invention may be embodied in many different forms, there are described in detail herein specific embodiments of the invention. This description is an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments illustrated.
For the purposes of this disclosure, like reference numerals in the figures shall refer to like features unless otherwise indicated. hi Fig. 1 stent assembly 10 has a main body 12 and a branch portion 25 with a longitudinal axis 32 passing through the main body 12. The main body includes a proximal main body 15, a contralateral main body 20, a distal main body 30, and a branch portion 25. hi at least one embodiment the branch portion 25 extends from the contralateral main body 20. The stent assembly 10 may be expanded using balloons 33 and 34. The balloons may expand simultaneously or one may expand before the other. The branch portion 25 may comprise a petal region. In at least one embodiment, the petals comprise single members that when expanded extend obliquely out from the main body 12 of the stent. The branch portion may also comprise portions which extend obliquely that are formed from interconnected bands.
In some embodiments as shown in Fig. 1, the distal main body 30 is about one third of the length of the main body 12. hi some embodiments, the distal main body 30, the contralateral main body 20, and the proximal main body 15 each comprise about a third of the length of the main body 12; however they may comprise many different percentages of the total main body length as well.
The main body 12 maybe constructed of interconnected "bands. Fig. 2 illustrates two such bands 35. Though only two bands are shown many more interconnected bands 35 may be used. Each interconnected band 35 as shown includes a plurality of interconnected struts 36. The interconnected struts 36 may be connected by peak portions 37 or valley portions 38. hi Figs. 3a and 3b an enlarged segment 39 of a proximal band 35 is shown juxtaposed with an enlarged segment 40 of a distal band 35. The distal band peak 37 has a greater peak width 50 than the peak width 45 of segment 39 while the strut widths of each segment are similar. The greater peak width to strut width ratio of segment 40 provides increased strain concentration resulting in higher securement. The higher securement of the peak portions 37 in the distal main body 30 improves the securement of the entire stent assembly 10 as the securement of a bifurcated stent is dependent on the interaction between only the distal end of the stent interacting with the delivery balloon. In some embodiments the peak width to strut width ratio is 3 to 1. Li some instances it is at least 2 to 1.
In some embodiments, the peaks in the distal main body have a width that is equal to or less than the width of the peaks in the rest of the stent. In such embodiments, the increased peak width to strut width ratio is maintained by strut widths in the distal main body that are proportionally narrower than the strut widths in the rest of the stent, hi some embodiments, the stent assembly may be secured to the balloon in only the distal main body. In some embodiments, securement to the balloon is present in other parts of the stent assembly. hi some embodiments, the number of peaks in one annular band may be greater than the number of peaks in another annular band, hi some embodiments, the annular bands of the distal main body have a smaller number of peaks in the annular bands than in other parts of the stent assembly. hi some embodiments as shown in Fig. 1, the second balloon 34 is in fluid communication with first balloon 33. Balloons 33 and 34 maybe constructed of material different from one another such that under the same pressure one or the other balloon may inflate before the other balloon. As shown in Fig. 4, some embodiments of the invention include balloons 33 and 34 that are not directly in fluid communication, hi some embodiments, as shown, the second balloon 34 shares a portion of the inflation lumen until the lumen splits in the area of a bifurcation, hi some embodiments, the second balloon has an inflation lumen separate from the inflation lumen of the first balloon 33.
The inventive stents may be created by methods including cutting or etching a design from a tubular stock, from a flat sheet which is cut or etched and which is subsequently rolled or from one or more interwoven wires or braids. Any other suitable technique which is known in the art or which is subsequently developed may also be used to manufacture the inventive stents disclosed herein. hi some embodiments at least a portion of the stent assembly is configured to include one or more mechanisms for the delivery of a therapeutic agent. Often the agent will be in the form of a coating or other layer (or layers) of material placed on a surface region of the stent, which is adapted to be released at the site of the stent's implantation or areas adjacent thereto. The therapeutic agent can be applied in a variety of ways and can include therapeutic agent being applied in some locations more than others.
A therapeutic agent may be a drug or other pharmaceutical product such as non-genetic agents, genetic agents, cellular material, etc. Some examples of suitable non-genetic therapeutic agents include but are not limited to: anti-thrombogenic agents such as heparin, heparin derivatives, vascular cell growth promoters, growth factor inhibitors, Paclitaxel, etc. Where an agent includes a genetic therapeutic agent, such a genetic agent may include but is not limited to: DNA, RNA and their respective derivatives and/or components; hedgehog proteins, etc. Where a therapeutic agent includes cellular material, the cellular material may include but is not limited to: cells of human origin and/or non-human origin as well as their respective components and/or derivatives thereof. Where the therapeutic agent includes a polymer agent, the polymer agent maybe a polysryrene-polyisobutylene-polystyrene triblock copolymer (SIBS), polyethylene oxide, silicone rubber and/or any other suitable substrate.
The inventive stents may be made from any suitable biocompatible materials including one or more polymers, one or more metals or combinations of polymer(s) and metal(s). Examples of suitable materials include biodegradable materials that are also biocompatible. By biodegradable is meant that a material will undergo breakdown or decomposition into harmless compounds as part of a normal biological process. Suitable biodegradable materials include polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid (PGA), collagen or other connective proteins or natural materials, polycaprolactone, hylauric acid, adhesive proteins, co-polymers of these materials as well as composites and combinations thereof and combinations of other biodegradable polymers. Other polymers that may be used include polyester and polycarbonate copolymers. Examples of suitable metals include, but are not limited to, stainless steel, titanium, tantalum, platinum, tungsten, gold and alloys of any of the above-mentioned metals. Examples of suitable alloys include platinum-iridium alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys including Elgiloy and Phynox, MP35N alloy and nickel-titanium alloys, for example, Nitinol. The inventive stents may be made of shape memory materials such as superelastic Nitinol or spring steel, or may be made of materials which are plastically deformable. In the case of shape memory materials, the stent may be provided with a memorized shape and then deformed to a reduced diameter shape. The stent may restore itself to its memorized shape upon being heated to a transition temperature and having any restraints removed therefrom. hi some embodiments the stent, the delivery system or other portion of the assembly may include one or more areas, bands, coatings, members, etc. that is (are) detectable by imaging modalities such as X-Ray, MRI, ultrasound, etc. hi some embodiments at least a portion of the stent and/or adjacent assembly is at least partially radiopaque.
The above disclosure is intended to be illustrative and not exhaustive. This description will suggest many variations and alternatives to one of ordinary skill in this art. The various elements shown in the individual figures and described above may be combined or modified for combination as desired. AU these alternatives and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the claims where the term "comprising" means "including, but not limited to".
Further, the particular features presented in the dependent claims may be combined with each other in other manners within the scope of the invention such that the invention should be recognized as also specifically directed to other embodiments having any other possible combination of the features of the dependent claims. For instance, for purposes of claim publication, any dependent claim which follows should be taken as alternatively written in a multiple dependent form from all prior claims which possess all antecedents referenced in such dependent claim if such multiple dependent format is an accepted format within the jurisdiction (e.g. each claim depending directly from claim 1 should be alternatively taken as depending from all previous claims), hi jurisdictions where multiple dependent claim formats are restricted, the following dependent claims should each be also taken as alternatively written in each singly dependent claim format which creates a dependency from a prior antecedent-possessing claim other than the specific claim listed in such dependent claim below. This completes the description of the invention. Those skilled in the art may recognize other equivalents to the specific embodiment described herein which equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the claims attached hereto.

Claims

CLAIMS:What is claimed is:
1. A stent assembly having an expanded state and an unexpanded state, the stent assembly comprising: a main body with a longitudinal axis therethrough, the main body having a proximal main body, a contralateral main body, and a distal main body; and a branch portion in fluid communication with the main body, in the expanded state the branch portion extending from the contralateral main body at an oblique angle in relation to the longitudinal axis of the main body; the main body and the branch portion at least partially constructed of interconnected struts, a plurality of the struts connected one to another by a peak, the distal main body having a greater peak width to strut width ratio than does the proximal main body and contralateral main body.
2. The stent assembly of claim 1 wherein the peak width to strut width ratio of the distal main body is about 3 to 1.
3. The stent assembly of claim 1 wherein the peaks in the distal main body have a greater strain concentration than does the rest of the stent.
4. The stent assembly of claim 1 disposed about at least one catheter balloon.
5. The stent assembly of claim 4 wherein the branch portion is deployed using a second balloon.
6. The stent assembly of claim 1 having a length, the distal main body comprising at least one third of the length of the stent assembly.
7. The stent assembly of claim 1 wherein the struts of the distal main body are narrower than the struts of the rest of the stent.
8. The stent assembly of claim 1 wherein the peaks of the distal main body are wider than the peaks of the rest of the stent.
9. The stent assembly of claim 1 disposed about a catheter, the stent assembly secured to the catheter only in the distal main body.
10. The stent assembly of claim 1 wherein the stent assembly is secured to a catheter in at least one of the proximal main body, the contralateral main body and the distal main body.
11. The stent assembly of claim 1 comprising a plurality of annular bands having a serpentine configuration.
12. The stent assembly of claim 11 wherein the annular bands of the distal main body have a smaller number of peaks than the annular bands of the proximal main body and the contralateral main body.
13. The stent assembly of claim 1 wherein the proximal main body, the contralateral main body, and the branch portion have the substantially same peak width to strut width ratio.
14. The stent assembly of claim 1 wherein the peaks in the distal main body are at least 25% wider than the struts of the distal main body.
15. A method of securing a stent assembly to a catheter balloon comprising: a) providing a stent assembly having an expanded state and an unexpanded state and comprising: a main body with a longitudinal axis therethrough, the main body having a proximal main body, a contralateral main body, and a distal main body; and a branch portion in fluid communication with the main body, in the expanded state the branch portion extending from the contralateral main body at an oblique angle in relation to the longitudinal axis of the main body; the main body and the branch portion at least partially constructed of interconnected struts, a plurality of the struts connected one to another by a peak, the distal main body having a greater peak width to strut width ratio than does the proximal main body and contralateral main body; b) disposing the stent assembly about a catheter balloon and a branch balloon; and c) securing the struts and peaks of the distal main body of the stent assembly to the catheter balloon.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the struts and peaks of the distal main body are secured to the catheter balloon by plastically deforming the struts and peaks.
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