WO2008070040A1 - Stable, thin-film organic passivates - Google Patents
Stable, thin-film organic passivates Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008070040A1 WO2008070040A1 PCT/US2007/024771 US2007024771W WO2008070040A1 WO 2008070040 A1 WO2008070040 A1 WO 2008070040A1 US 2007024771 W US2007024771 W US 2007024771W WO 2008070040 A1 WO2008070040 A1 WO 2008070040A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
- C09D5/082—Anti-corrosive paints characterised by the anti-corrosive pigment
- C09D5/084—Inorganic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
- C23C22/36—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates
- C23C22/361—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates containing titanium, zirconium or hafnium compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/40—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing molybdates, tungstates or vanadates
- C23C22/44—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing molybdates, tungstates or vanadates containing also fluorides or complex fluorides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to compositions and processes for passivating, i.e., forming a corrosion resistant surface layer, on metal surfaces preferably predominantly of aluminum and/or zinc, which also improves the metal surface's resistance to heating by electromagnetic radiation (hereinafter EMR), in particular solar radiation or energy.
- EMR electromagnetic radiation
- a wide variety of such surfaces are in normal use, including many kinds of galvanized and/or aluminized steel, and the invention is applicable to aluminiferous and/or zinciferous surfaces which differ from the underlying metal, as well as to solid alloys of aluminum and/or zinc which include zinc, such as hot-dip and electro- galvanized , zinc alloys, aluminum, aluminum alloys and mixtures thereof, as well as steel coated with these metals (hereinafter referred to as zinc- and/or aluminum- containing metal surfaces).
- Zinc (zinciferous) and zinc alloy (such as aluminiferous) coatings are frequently used to protect steel from corrosion.
- Two common types of metal-coated steel typically used are galvanized steel (zinc), such as hot-dip, electrogalvanized and Galvanneal ® , as well as zinc aluminum alloys such as Galfan ® and Galvalume ® (55% Al, 43.5% Zn, 1.5% Si).
- the thus coated steels have long service lifetimes as a result of galvanic and/or sacrificial corrosion protection of the underlying substrate afforded by the coatings. While the underlying steel substrate is protected, the aluminum and zinc coating are sometimes susceptible to corrosion that can result in surface staining and white corrosion.
- a variety of treatments can be used to prevent corrosion of ferriferous, zinciferous and aluminiferous surfaces. These include phosphate conversion coating followed by application of an oil, which provides some short term protection, but requires removal of the oil prior to painting. Also, well known in the industry are phosphate conversion coatings, with or without a subsequent painting step. Inorganic passivates, typically using chromium, provide excellent passivation but have the drawbacks of poor paint adhesion and adverse environmental impact.
- Thin-film organic passivates are used industrially to provide corrosion protection to zinc- and/or aluminum- containing metal surfaces, including zinc coated or zinc alloy coated steel. In addition these coatings provide lubricity to facilitate roll forming of steel coils.
- the thin-film organic passivates are distinguished from typical phosphate conversion coatings by, for example, the presence of organic film forming resin and the amount of protection provided by the coating.
- Known phosphate conversion coatings generally require an overcoating of paint to achieve adequate corrosion resistance.
- most zinciferous and/or aluminiferous surfaces have been passivated by chemical treatment with aqueous liquid compositions containing at least some hexavalent chromium.
- Thin-film organic passivates generally comprise an organic film forming resin, typically an aqueous dispersion or latex; a surface passivating material, most often a hexavalent chromium containing substance; water and optional additives.
- Various attempts have been made to make alternatives to the chromium- containing products by substituting other metals for the chromium in the latex-based passivate treatment products.
- the alternative products included various metal ions and tend to have a very low pH, which is in the range of pH about 1-2. Many of these attempts failed where the latex became unstable and the formulation coagulated, due at least in part to the low pH and the presence of other ingredients, such as metal ions. Often, even if the formulation did not immediately coagulate, the chromium-free products had little or no shelf life, either separating or coagulating over a matter of days or even hours.
- binding refers to the coils sticking together and interferes with uncoiling, and slipping/sliding of the metal surfaces relative to each other in a coil can cause coil collapse.
- the need to avoid undue lubricity in a passivate coating must also be balanced against the need to provide a formable surface.
- the passivate coating on the lengths of sheet metal must be sufficiently lubricious, formable and flexible to allow forming of the sheet metal without galling or binding.
- Zinc- and/or aluminum- containing metal surfaces are used extensively in roofs and walls of commercial buildings. Particularly in warmer climates, it has become increasingly important to reduce the amount of solar energy retained by these structural components, in part to reduce energy costs.
- EMR electrospray spectroscopy
- the EMR When EMR, such as solar energy, strikes a material, the EMR is absorbed, reflected and/or transmitted (if the material is not opaque) through the material. Absorbed EMR can be re-emitted at various wavelengths or can remain as heat to raise the temperature of the material. Interestingly, even a highly reflective material, such as polished metal, e.g. a chrome car bumper, will get very hot in the sun if the material does not re-emit the EMR it has absorbed.
- the ability to re-emit absorbed EMR is known in the industry as emittance, which ranges from zero to one; one being a theoretical 100% emittance. It has been demonstrated that emittance is a property of the surface of an object rather than the underlying material.
- the emittance of a metal roof, newly painted white, has been measured at about 0.83; in comparison, the unpainted metal roof was found to have an emittance of only about 0.08 measured according to ASTM C1371-04a (1.0 being ideal emittance).
- Aluminum-zinc alloy coated steel sheets have good solar reflecting properties, but poor emittance of solar energy that is not reflected. Such non-reflected energy is largely translated into heat in the steel sheets and some of the heat is then transferred to the interior of the building increasing the cost of cooling the interior.
- Corrosion resistant coatings such as inorganic chromium passivates and organic thin film passivates do not substantially improve emittance.
- Some non-white paints provide improvements in emittance of solar energy, but at an insufficient rate with increasing film build compared to their tendency to reduce the solar reflectance of the coated surface. Overall, the non-white paints offer a less than desirable trade-off between emittance and reflectance.
- White paints initially have good solar reflectance and provide improvements in emittance of solar energy, but white paints have other drawbacks.
- White paints require a series of additional processing steps and tend to highlight any dirt deposition, easily becoming aesthetically displeasing and hiding the desirable appearance of the metal coating. For at least the foregoing reasons, white paint is not used in many market segments for coating metal. Thus, there is a need for a protective coating, for aluminum and/or zinc coated steel sheets, which improves emittance while avoiding the limitations of paint.
- a common means of increasing resistance to heating by the sun is to deposit reflective coatings, such as white paint and the like on the metal surfaces.
- Solar reflectance is a measure of the solar reflectance of a surface. Solar reflectance is the ratio of the reflected solar radiation flux to the incident flux.
- ASTM C1549 provides a scale of 0 to 1.0 of solar reflectance, 0 being non-reflective and 1.0 being 100% reflective. Surfaces coated with white paint have achieved a solar reflectance as measured by ASTM C 1549 of as high as 0.7, this is not as reflective as the uncoated metal surface, which is about 0.78.
- the reflectivity of non-white paints varies by color but is often substantially lower than for white paints.
- a drawback of painting metal surfaces white to improve resistance to electromagnetic heating is the limited life of the paint and the tendency of the paint to stain and age, which reduces solar reflectance.
- Another drawback of conventional paints is the thickness required. Standard paint thicknesses in the building material industry are about 25 microns. Over a large expanse of surface, such as a roof, this thickness adds significant weight that must be supported, which adds to the overall expense of construction.
- This invention relates to treatment of a metal article with an aqueous liquid composition that, before and/or during drying of the liquid composition into place on the metal, spontaneously reacts with the metal surface, without any application of electromotive force from an external source, to produce on the metal a coating providing corrosion resistance that is better than the original untreated metal.
- the resulting coated surface has the additional feature of improved resistance to heating by electromagnetic radiation (EMR) than the original untreated metal article by reflecting and/or re-emitting the energy.
- EMR electromagnetic radiation
- this invention is related to a composition and process that provide a corrosion protective treatment which also provides to the metal article improved emittance of EMR, such as solar energy, while maintaining the solar reflectance of the underlying metal, such that the surface and the underlying metal remain cooler than the original untreated metal surface when exposed to sunlight.
- the metal surface treated is a metal selected from zinc, zinc alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy, an alloy of zinc and aluminum, or ferrous metal substrate coated with any of the foregoing metals.
- the major object of the invention as stated above can be achieved by treating a substrate having a metal surface with an aqueous liquid passivate composition having dispersed, preferably homogeneously dispersed, therein solid particles which result in a transparent or translucent, preferably clear and colorless, passivate coating, upon drying of the aqueous liquid passivate composition.
- an aqueous liquid passivate composition having dispersed, preferably homogeneously dispersed, therein solid particles which result in a transparent or translucent, preferably clear and colorless, passivate coating, upon drying of the aqueous liquid passivate composition.
- the solid particle-containing passivate coating exhibits a solar reflectance that is not significantly reduced as compared to the solar reflectance of the metal surface coated with a similar passivate coating in the absence of the solid particles.
- the passivate coating on the metal surface has a solar reflectance of not less than, independently, in increasing order of preference, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 97 or 99 percent of the solar reflectance of the uncoated metal surface.
- the passivate coating on the metal surface exhibits an emittance of at least, independently, in increasing order of preference, 0.70, 0.75, 0.80, 0.85, 0.90, or 0.95.
- Suitable solid particles include those solid particles having physical and chemical characteristics resulting in a transparent or translucent passivate coating, which do not interfere with the corrosion resistance provided by the passivate.
- Preferred particles are oxides of metals and/or metalloids, defined herein as Al, Ga, Ge, As, Se, In, Sn, Sb, Te, and IUPAC groups 2-12 of the periodic table of elements.
- the mean particle size ranges in nanometers are from 1-50, most preferably, if only for economy, from 5-35. At least a portion of the transparency of the passivate coating is due to the size of the particles used.
- the passivate comprise a metal and/or metalloid oxide powder selected from the group of metal and/or metalloid oxide powders having high mean emittance of EMR in the 250 to 2500 nm range.
- Applicants preferred embodiments include chrome (Vl) based passivates and alternative embodiments which are substantially chrome-free, as will be described in more detail hereinafter.
- an essentially or substantially chromium-free composition and process for passivating metal surfaces has been developed that provides corrosion resistance comparable to, i.e. about the same as, previously used chromate-containing passivating agents.
- Another aspect of the first embodiment of the invention provides a new thin organic coating that reduces the tendency of surfaces of coiled or stacked metal sheet metal that are in contact with each other to stick together, i.e. reduces the tendency of the coil or stack to "bind".
- thin organic coating that has sufficient lubricity to enhance formability and prevent binding, but not so much that the lubricity contributes to the tendency of coils of metal to collapse due to sliding of metal surfaces, relative to each other within the coil.
- compositions of the first embodiment of the invention have been developed as chrome-free passivates that desirably perform as well as, and in some aspects better than, chrome containing passivates of the prior art.
- formulations according to the invention can be made including chromium.
- Compositions according to the first embodiment of the invention desirably contain less than 0.04, 0.02, 0.01 , 0.001 , 0.0001 , 0.00001 , 0.000001 percent by weight of chromium, most preferably essentially no chromium.
- compositions according to the first embodiment contain less than 0.04, 0.02, 0.01 , 0.001 , 0.0001 , 0.00001 , 0.000001 percent by weight of hexavalent chromium, most preferably essentially no hexavalent chromium.
- the amount of chromium present in the compositions of the first embodiment of the invention is desirably minimized and preferably only trace amounts are present, most preferably no chromium is present.
- the first embodiment of the invention provides a composition useful for passivating a metal surface, that includes less than 0.04 wt% chromium, preferably essentially no chromium, most preferably in the absence of chromium, and comprising, preferably consisting essentially of, most preferably consisting of water and:
- (E) optionally, at least one component comprising vanadium
- composition comprises less than 0.04 wt% chromium, and is preferably essentially free of chromium.
- the total concentration of the complex fluoride is at least 0.5 g/L and is not more than 100 g/L
- the composition is essentially free of chromium
- (C) comprises a non-ionic or non-ionically stabilized acrylic and/or acrylic copolymer resin in dispersed form, said composition comprising at least one pH adjusting component and/or dissolved phosphate anions, alternatively, the non-ionic or non-ionically stabilized resin is selected from acrylic resins and polyurethane resins, and mixtures thereof.
- the first embodiment of the invention provides a composition having a pH within a range of from about 1 to about 5 and the composition is storage stable at 100 deg. F for at least 3 months, preferably at least 6 months.
- the composition includes at least one wax, selected from the group of waxes stable in strong acidic solutions having an average particle size less than about 1 micron and a melting point of from about 50 to about 175 °C.
- the concentration of wax ranges from about 0.05 to about 6 weight percent.
- the composition includes at least one component that comprises vanadium.
- a composition useful for passivating a metal surface comprising less than 0.04 wt% chromium and comprising: water; 0.05-10 weight % of at least one complex fluoride of an element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, Si, Sn, Al, Ge and B; preferably Ti and/or Zr; a non-ionic or non-ionically stabilized resin in dispersed form, said resin selected from the group consisting of acrylic, polyurethane, vinyl, and polyester resins, and mixtures thereof; 25 to 80 weight % of at least one inorganic oxide in dispersed solid form, the solid particles preferably having a mean particle size of less than 50 nm; 0.1 to 7 weight % of at least one component comprising vanadium; 0.05-20 weight % of at least one wax in dispersed form; and optionally, any one or more of the following: dissolved phosphate anions; at least one further additive selected from the group consisting of a sequestrant,
- this coating upon drying on a metal surface, forms a transparent or translucent coating having an emittance of at least 0.7 and a reflectivity that is at least 50% of the reflectivity of the metal surface uncoated.
- (C) comprises 5 -50 weight % of a non-ionic or non-ionically stabilized resin in dispersed form selected from the group consisting of acrylic resins and polyurethane resins, and mixtures thereof.
- the composition comprises, preferably consists essentially of, or more preferably consists of, water and the following components:
- (G) at least one dissolved, dispersed, or both dissolved and dispersed surfactant and/or antiblocking agent that is not part of any of immediately previously recited components (A) through (F);
- a process of treating a ferriferous, aluminiferous or zinciferous metal substrate comprising: optionally, cleaning a surface of said metal substrate to be passivated; contacting the metal substrate surface to be passivated with a passivating composition as described herein for a time sufficient to form a coating on said metal surface and drying the coating.
- This process may include the step of coating the metal substrate with a dissimilar metal, thereby creating a metal substrate surface to be passivated, prior to contacting with the passivating composition.
- a process according to the invention may include a step wherein the passivating coating on the metal surface is overcoated with a protective layer comprising at least one organic binder.
- Various embodiments of the invention include working compositions for direct use in treating metals, make-up concentrates from which such working compositions can be prepared by dilution with water, replenisher concentrates suitable for maintaining optimum performance of working compositions according to the invention, processes for treating metals with a composition according to the invention, and extended processes including additional steps that are conventional per se, such as cleaning, rinsing, and subsequent painting or some similar overcoating process that puts into place an organic binder-containing protective coating over the metal surface treated according to one embodiment of the invention.
- a "dissolved, dispersed, or both dissolved and dispersed film-forming resin” means a material that satisfies the following condition: when said liquid film is dried at least one temperature that is at least 40 0 C, the resin forms a cohesive continuous solid body at the temperature of drying after drying is complete;
- melt is defined as a substance that: (i) is a plastic solid at 25 0 C under normal atmospheric pressure and (ii) melts in contact with the natural ambient atmosphere without visually evident decomposition at a temperature that is at least 55 0 C.
- Applicants have developed a process for coating a substrate having a metal surface with an aqueous liquid passivate composition having dispersed, preferably homogeneously dispersed, therein solid particles which result in a transparent or translucent, preferably clear and colorless, passivate coating, upon drying of the aqueous liquid passivate composition.
- the passivate coating provides resistance to heating to the underlying metal surface by a two-fold mechanism.
- the coating has high emittance in the EMR wavelengths that are known in the art to cause the most heating, namely about 250 to about 2500 nm. This range of wavelengths includes light visible to humans and the near infrared spectrum.
- the high emittance of the coating is important to heat resistance particularly since metals tend to have high reflectance and poor emittance.
- the passivate coating provide an emittance 0.55, 0.60, 0.61 , 0.62, 0.63, 0.64, 0.65, 0.66, 0.67, 0.68, 0.69, 0.70, 0.71 , 0.72, 0.73, 0.74, 0.75, 0.76, 0.77, 0.78, 0.79, 0.80, 0.81 , 0.82, 0.83, 0.84, 0.85, 0.86, 0.87, 0.88, 0.89, 0.90, 0.91 , 0.92, 0.93, 0.94, 0.95, 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.99 or 1.00.
- the second aspect of the mechanism uses the transparency of the passivate coating to gain the benefit of the solar reflectance of the underlying metal.
- the coating improves the emittance of the coated metal substrate while minimizing any negative effect on the metal's solar reflectance.
- the passivate coating on the unpainted metal surface provides a material that exhibits a solar reflectance of 0.65, 0.66, 0.67, 0.68, 0.69, 0.70, 0.71 , 0.72, 0.73, 0.74, 0.75, 0.76, 0.77, 0.78, 0.79, 0.80, 0.81 , 0.82, 0.83, 0.84, 0.85, 0.86, 0.87, 0.88, 0.89, 0.90, 0.91 , 0.92, 0.93, 0.94, 0.95, 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.99 or 1.00.
- All embodiments of the passivate coatings described herein comprise solid particles.
- Suitable solid particles include those solid particles having physical and chemical characteristics resulting in a transparent passivate coating, which do not interfere with the corrosion resistance provided by the passivate.
- Preferred particles are oxides of metals and/or metalloids, defined herein as Al, Ga, Ge, As, Se, In, Sn, Sb, Te, and IUPAC groups 2-12 of the periodic table of elements.
- the solid particles are selected from oxides of Ti, Zn, Zr, Sb, Al, Hf, and V, most preferably Ti, Zr and Sb.
- the solid particles having a mean particle size of less than or equal to, independently, in increasing order of preference, of 100, 80, 60, 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, or ⁇ nm. At least a portion of the transparent or translucent nature of the passivate coating is due to the size of the particles used. Significant quantities of particles larger than 100 nm, typically used in conventional paints, result in an opaque surface that interferes with the underlying metal surface's reflection of solar energy out through the coating.
- Typical substances useful as solid particle additives are those oxides that are solid at ambient temperature and are substantially insoluble in water, as will be understood by one of skill in the art. Desirably, these substances are oxides of metals and/or metalloids. In one embodiment, the raw material metal and/or metalloid oxide particles in bulk have a white appearance to the human eye.
- the emittance of the bulk, dry raw material metal and/or metalloid oxide powder also has a mean emittance of EMR in the 250 to 2500 nm range that is at least, independently, in increasing order of preference, 0.60, 0.61 , 0.62, 0.63, 0.64, 0.65, 0.66, 0.67, 0.68, 0.69, 0.70, 0.71, 0.72, 0.73, 0.74, 0.75, 0.76, 0.77, 0.78, 0.79, 0.80, 0.81 , 0.82, 0.83, 0.84, 0.85, 0.86, 0.87, 0.88, 0.89, 0.90, 0.91 , 0.92, 0.93, 0.94, 0.95, 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.99 or 1.00.
- one or more inorganic oxides are present in the passivate composition, preferably in dispersed, fine particulate form. Oxides of silicon, aluminum, zinc and the like may be used, for example.
- the total concentration of inorganic oxides in a working composition according to the invention preferably is at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 10.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, 40.0, 45.0, 50.0, 55.0, 60.0 weight % of total composition and independently preferably not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 80.0, 75.0, 74.0, 73.0, 72.0, 71.0, 70.0, or 65.0 weight %.
- the weight percent of oxides is in the range of 20%-75%, most preferably 30%-65%.
- LUDOX CL-P silica available from W. R. Grace & Co.
- Bonderite NT-1 available from Henkel Corporation
- Nyacol DP 5370 a commercially available aqueous dispersion of nanoparticulate zinc oxide
- the amount and particle size of oxide component is selected such that the as-dried coating according to the invention is a clear, colorless coating after not more than, with increasing preference in the order given 60, 45, 30, 21 , 14, 7, 5, 3, 2 or 1 days.
- thin-film organic passivates comprise an organic film forming resin; a surface passivating material; water and optional additives.
- One of the problems associated with formulations with non-chrome passivating materials in such formulations is the degree to which the non-chrome passivating materials compromise stability in the formulated thin-film passivating composition.
- Many alternative passivating materials, such as organic and inorganic acids, are most effective when the formulated thin-film passivating composition is at low pH. Under these conditions most resin dispersions or latexes are destabilized, i.e. the resin does not remain dispersed.
- phase separation Two indicators of instability in the composition are phase separation, including precipitation, which is not readily remixed, and coagulation, where the composition may form a consistency similar to, and known in the industry as, "cottage cheese".
- Prior art approaches have not provided stable formulations. Such systems either phase separated immediately upon mixing, or separated upon aging at elevated temperature.
- compositions according to the invention are stable and do not coagulate upon mixing of the components together. Desirably, the compositions remain dispersed in a single phase, or if phase separation occurs, can be readily remixed.
- compositions do not form precipitates or coagulate upon storage for at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23 or 24 weeks. It is independently preferred that the compositions do not form precipitates or coagulate upon storage at ambient or higher temperatures including, with increasing preference in the order given, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100 and 110 0 F. Particularly preferred embodiments of the present invention are stable after aging at elevated temperature, e.g. 100 °F, for at least six months.
- the present invention thus provides a composition useful for passivating a metal surface, said composition comprising, preferably consisting essentially of, most preferably consisting of water and:
- (E) optionally, at least one component comprising vanadium
- composition comprises less than 0.04 wt% chromium, and is preferably essentially free of chromium.
- compositions of the first embodiment of the invention contain, in addition to water, at least one complex fluoride of an element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, Si, Sn, Al, Ge and B (preferably, Ti, Zr and/or Si; most preferably, Ti).
- the complex fluoride should be water-soluble or water-dispersible and preferably comprises an anion comprising at least 4 fluorine atoms and at least one atom of an element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, Si, Sn, Al, Ge or B.
- the complex fluorides (sometimes referred to by workers in the field as "fluorometallates”) preferably are substances with molecules having the following general empirical formula (I): H p T q F r O s
- each of p, q, r, and s represents a non-negative integer
- T represents a chemical atomic symbol selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, Si, Sn, Al, Ge, and B
- r is at least 4
- q is at least 1 and preferably is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 3, 2, or 1
- T represents B, (r+s) is at least 6
- s preferably is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 2, 1 , or 0
- T represents Al p is preferably not more than (2+s), with all of these preferences being preferred independently of one another.
- H atoms may be replaced by suitable cations such as ammonium, metal, or alkali metal cations (e.g., the complex fluoride may be in the form of a salt, provided such salt is water-soluble or water-dispersible).
- suitable cations such as ammonium, metal, or alkali metal cations
- the complex fluoride may be in the form of a salt, provided such salt is water-soluble or water-dispersible.
- the acids are usually preferred for economy and because a net acidity of the compositions is preferable as considered further below, and the entire stoichiometric equivalent as any of the above recited fluorometallate ions in any source material as dissolved in a composition according to the invention or a precursor composition for it is to be considered as part of the fluorometallate component, irrespective of the actual degree of ionization that may occur.
- the total concentration of the fluorometallate anions dissolved in a working treatment composition according to the invention preferably is at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.5, 8.5, 10.0, 11.0, 12.0 or 13.0 g/L and independently, primarily for reasons of economy, preferably is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 400, 200, 100, 90, 80, 75, 65, 50, 45, 38, 37.5, 35.0, 32.5 30.0, 28.0, 27.0 or 26.0 g/L.
- suitable complex fluorides include, but are not limited to, H2TiF6 (which is especially preferred), H 2 ZrF 6 , H 2 HfF 6 , H 2 SiF 6 , H 2 GeF 6 , H 2 SnF 6 , H 3 AIF 6 , ZnSiF 6 , and HBF 4 and salts (fully as well as partially neutralized) and mixtures thereof.
- suitable complex fluoride salts include SrSiF 6 , MgSiF 6 , Na 2 SiF 6 and Li 2 SiF 6 .
- the dissolved phosphate ions that comprise component may be obtained from a variety of sources as known in the art. Normally much of the phosphate content will be supplied by phosphoric acid added to the composition, and the stoichiometric equivalent as phosphate ions of all undissociated phosphoric acid and all its anionic ionization products in solution, along with the stoichiometric equivalent as phosphate ions of any dihydrogen phosphate, monohydrogen phosphate, or completely neutralized phosphate ions added to the composition in salt form, are to be understood as forming part of phosphate ions, irrespective of the actual degree of ionization and/or reaction to produce some other chemical species that exists in the composition.
- any metaphosphoric acid, other condensed phosphoric acids, or salts of any of these acids are present in the compositions, their stoichiometric equivalent as phosphate is also considered part of the phosphate component. Generally, however, it is preferred, at least partly for reasons of economy, to utilize orthophosphoric acid and its salts as the initial source for the phosphate component.
- the concentration of phosphate ions and/or their stoichiometric equivalents as noted above preferably is at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 9.0, 10.0, 12.0, 13.0, 14.0, 15.0, 16.0 or 17.0 grams per liter (hereinafter usually abbreviated as "g/L") of total composition and independently preferably is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 400, 200, 100, 90, 80, 75, 70, 60, 50, 45, 40 or 34 g/L.
- the concentrations of fluorometallate anions and phosphate ions preferably are such that the ratio between them, in working compositions and concentrated solutions used to prepare working concentrations, is at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 0.10:1.0, 0.15:1.0, 0.25:1.0, 0.35:1.0, 0.45:1.0, 0.50:1.0, 0.55:1.0, 0.60:1.0, 0.65:1.0, or 0.75:1.0 and independently preferably is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 5:1.0, 4:1.0, 3.5:1.0, 3.2:1.0, 2.0:1.0, 1.5:1.0, 1.0:1.0, or 0.9:1.0.
- the resin used in the first embodiment may be either non-ionic or non- ionically stabilized.
- "Non-ionically stabilized" resins include resins that are stabilized (i.e., kept in dispersed form) using a non-ionic surfactant as well as resins that are stabilized by incorporating covalently-bound non-ionic stabilizing groups onto the resin. Preferably, the number of anionic functional groups on the resin is minimized, as this will tend to improve the stability of the dispersed resin under acidic conditions.
- These resins can be described as aqueous emulsions or dispersions.
- the resins can be high molecular weight emulsions such as acrylic latex, polyurethane dispersion, or vinyl latex or they can be low molecular weight dispersions including water reducible polyester, acrylic, or urethane.
- the resins may be copolymers or mixtures of polymer chains having similar or different functional groups.
- These resins can be either thermoplastic or thermosetting .
- Reactive functionality is any functionality that can react with an external curing agent (two component system) or internal curing agents (one component system). Reactive functionality is acceptable in resins useful in the invention provided that the amount of reactive functionality does not adversely affect the stability of the resulting composition.
- the concentration of resin (measured on a solids basis) in the passivate compositions of the first embodiment of the invention preferably is at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 9.0, 10.0, 12.0, 13.0, 14.0, 15.0, 16.0 or 17.0 weight % (hereinafter usually abbreviated as "g/L") of total composition and independently preferably is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 60, 50, 45, 40, 39, 38, 37, 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31 , 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21 weight %.
- the optimal amount of resin depends in large part on the desired end property of the coating.
- the concentrations of resin and phosphate anions preferably are such that the ratio between them, in working compositions and concentrated solutions used to prepare working concentrations, is at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 0.005:1.0, 0.01:1.0, 0.015:1.0, 0.02:1.0, 0.025:1.0, 0.03:1.0, 0.035:1.0, 0.04:1.0, 0.045:1.0 or 0.05:1.0, and independently preferably is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 3.0:1.0, 2.5:1.0, 2.0:1.0, 1.5:1.0, 1.3:1.0, 1.2:1.0, 1.0:1.0, 0.90:1.0, 0.75:1.0, 0.60:1.0, 0.50:1.0, 0.45:1.0
- Preferred resins for use in the first embodiment include acrylic resins and polyurethane resins.
- Acrylic resins are well-known in the art and are thermoplastic synthetic organic polymers made by the polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers selected from groups consisting of acrylates, methacrylates, styrene, vinyl, or allylic monomers. Examples of these include monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, alkyl esters of acrylates and methacrylates, and the like, including copolymers of such monomers with non-acrylic monomers such as olefins, vinyl compounds, styrene, and the like.
- Suitable non-ionically stabilized acrylic resin dispersions and latexes are available commercially or may be prepared by known techniques.
- Suitable acrylic resin based materials include acrylic polymers and acrylic copolymers comprising styrene, acrylates and/or methacrylates.
- RHOPLEX HA-16 acrylic latex available from Rohm & Haas, is an example of a commercially available, non-ionically stabilized acrylic resin latex useful in the present invention.
- RHOPLEX HA-16 is believed to be a high molecular weight copolymer of styrene and acrylates and methacrylates.
- Polyurethane resins are also well-known in the art and are resins obtained by reacting polyisocyanates with one or more active hydrogen-containing compounds such as polyether, polyester, polycarbonate, polyacrylic, or polyolefin glycols to form a pre-polymer which can be dispersed in water followed by chain extension with polyamines or polyalcohols.
- active hydrogen-containing compounds such as polyether, polyester, polycarbonate, polyacrylic, or polyolefin glycols
- the nonionic stabilization of the acrylic or urethane polymers can be achieved by incorporating a reactive internal non-ionic monomer or by the addition of non-ionic surfactant.
- Suitable non-ionic polyurethane dispersions and latexes are available commercially or may be synthesized using standard methods.
- PERMAX 120, 200 and 220 emulsions available from Noveon, Inc., 9911 Brecksville Road, Cleveland, OH 44141-3247, are examples of polyurethane resin dispersions found to be especially useful in the present invention. These materials are described by their supplier as aliphatic polyether waterborne urethane polymers constituting about 35-44% solids. [0059.] Generally speaking, the effectiveness of the passivate composition in imparting corrosion resistance to a metal surface will be influenced by the pH of the composition.
- One or more pH adjusting components may be used in compositions according to the invention.
- the pH of the treatment formulation according to the first embodiment should be from 1.0 to 5.0, more preferably 1.2 to 4.5, and most preferably from 1.5 to 3.0.
- the pH can be adjusted using a pH adjusting component such as an acid such as phosphoric acid, or nitric acid, or a base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, or ammonium hydroxide, with ammonium hydroxide being the most preferred.
- acids are added to the composition to lower pH and optimize its effectiveness.
- a mineral acid such as a phosphorus-containing acid (e.g., phosphoric acid).
- phosphorus-containing acid e.g., phosphoric acid.
- the phosphate ions included in certain aspects of the first embodiment of the invention may be derived, in whole or in part from this phosphorus- containing acid.
- the composition comprises at least one component comprising vanadium.
- the total concentration of vanadium dissolved in a working composition according to the invention preferably is at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 0.10, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50, 0.55, 0.60 or 0.65 weight % of total composition and independently preferably not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 5.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.5, 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.90, 0.80 or 0.75 weight %.
- Preferred sources of vanadium include V 2 O 5 and NH 4 VO 3 .
- the composition of the present invention also optionally includes a lubricating agent.
- the lubricating agent is particularly useful for providing lubrication to surfaces that are to be formed, so as to prevent binding and galling.
- Lubricating agents that improve lubricity of the coating during forming without increasing water sensitivity of the composition and that are soluble and stable in strong acidic solutions are preferred.
- the lubricity provided to the surfaces for subsequent forming does not interfere with stable coiling of the substrate for transport or storage. It is desirable that the lubricating agent is a wax emulsion to aid in dispersal in the composition.
- Such cares can function as a release aid in the coating formed on the metal surface upon application of the passivate composition, lower the coefficient of friction on the metal surface, improve metal forming, and/or provide anti- block properties.
- suitable waxes include Fischer Tropsch waxes, polyethylene waxes (including LDPE and HDPE waxes), paraffin waxes, montan waxes, carnauba wax, ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer waxes, polypropylene waxes, microcrystalline waxes, and the like, and combinations thereof.
- polypropylene and paraffin comprise the lubricating agent.
- the wax will have an average particle size less than about 1 micron and a melting point of from about 50 to about 175 0 C.
- the concentration of wax in a passivate composition according to the invention preferably is at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.5, 8.5, 10.0, 11.0, 12.0 or 13.0 g/L and independently, primarily for reasons of economy, preferably is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 200, 100, 90, 80, 75, 65, 50, 45, 38, 37.5, 35.0, 32.5 30.0, 28.0, 27.0 or 26.0 g/L.
- the passivate composition may also comprise a sequestrant (i.e., sequestering agent).
- Sequestrants containing two or more phosphonic acid groups per molecule may be used, including, for example, 1 -hydroxy ethylidene-1 ,1-diphosphonic acid (available commercially under the trademark DEQUEST 2010 from Solutia Inc., 575 Maryville Centre Drive, St. Louis, Missouri.
- the sequestrant concentration in the passivate composition may range, for example, from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent, and preferably is at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0, 11.0, 12.0 or 13.0, 14.0, 15.0, 16.0, 17.0, 18.0, 19.0, 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 g/L and independently, primarily for reasons of economy, preferably is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 90, 80, 75, 65, 64, 63, 62, 61 , 60, 59, 58, 57.5, 55.0, 52.5, 50.0 g/L.
- the composition of the present invention also optionally includes a wetting agent.
- the wetting agent is particularly useful for wetting surfaces that are known to be somewhat difficult to wet, such as Galvalume®. Wetting agents that improve coating wetting without increasing water sensitivity of the composition and that are soluble and stable in strong acidic solutions are preferred.
- suitable wetting agents include, but are not limited to, phosphate esters and silicon based wetting agents.
- Byk 348 a wetting agent commercially available from Byk Chemie, is a silicon surfactant based on the polyether modified poly-dimethyl- siloxane.
- Preferred phosphate esters include, but are not limited to, substituted phosphate esters, and more preferably substituted carboxylated phosphate esters.
- the total concentration of wetting agent dissolved in a working composition according to the invention preferably is at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 0.10, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50, 0.55, 0.60 or 0.65 g/L of total composition and independently preferably not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 5.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.5, 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.90, 0.80 or 0.75 g/L.
- the passivate composition may also comprise a defoamer, i.e. a defoaming agent.
- Suitable defoamers are those known defoamers, which do not adversely affect the stability of the composition.
- the defoamer desirably is compatible with the resins used.
- Defoamers containing hydrocarbons and / or non-ionic surfactants may be used, including, for example, Foamaster® NDW (available commercially from Cognis Inc.
- Foamaster® NDW available commercially from Cognis Inc.
- the defoamer concentration in the passivate composition is not critical provided that sufficient defoaming agent is provided to reduce foaming of the composition, for example, from about 0.01 to about 0.4 weight percent, preferred is 0.02%, depending on the process conditions.
- the second embodiment of the invention relates to compositions and processes for passivating metal surfaces, which also improves the metal surface's resistance to heating by electromagnetic radiation (hereinafter EMR), in particular solar radiation or energy.
- EMR electromagnetic radiation
- This embodiment is applicable to aluminiferous and/or zinciferous surfaces which differ from the underlying metal, as well as to solid alloys of aluminum and/or zinc which include zinc, such as hot-dip and electro- galvanized , zinc alloys, aluminum, aluminum alloys and mixtures thereof, as well as steel coated with these metals.
- the second embodiment comprises oxides of metals and/or metalloids, as described herein, which provide a surprising benefit of improved emittance of absorbed solar radiation while retaining more than 50% of the reflectance of the uncoated metal.
- Preferred embodiments of the passivate coating are transparent or translucent and colorless.
- any water soluble source of hexavalent chromium atoms may be used to provide component (B) according to the invention.
- Examples include chromic acid (i.e., CrO3), ammonium bichromate, potassium bichromate, sodium bichromate, ammonium chromate, potassium chromate, sodium chromate, and the like.
- chromic acid i.e., CrO3
- ammonium bichromate potassium bichromate
- sodium bichromate sodium bichromate
- ammonium chromate potassium chromate
- sodium chromate sodium chromate
- the use of ammonium salts and/or chromic acid is preferred, in order to avoid the presence in a composition according to the invention of any non-volatile alkali component.
- ammonium salts are preferred for at least part of component (B), but they are, at least for economy, preferably formed in situ by adding aqueous ammonia to an aqueous solution of chromic acid.
- the concentration of chromium in a composition according to the invention is usually measured as its stoichiometric equivalent as CrO3, and this stoichiometric equivalent preferably has a ratio to the concentration of component (C) (on a dry basis) in the same composition that is at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 0.0001 :1.0, 0.0005:1.0, 0.0010:1.00, 0.0020:1.00, 0.0050:1.00, 0.0075:1.00, 0.0100:1.00, 0.0110:1.00, 0.0120:1.00, 0.0130:1.00, 0.0135:1.00, 0.0140:1.00, 0.0145:1.00, 0.0150:1.00, 0.0155:1.00, 0.0158:1.00, or 0.0162:1.00 and independently preferably is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 0.50:1.00, 0.20:1.00, 0.10:1.00, 0.050:1.00, 0.040:1.00, 0.030:1
- the treated material usually has inadequate corrosion resistance and is often subject to blackening, while if the ratio of hexavalent chromium to organic film-forming resin is too large, the treatment composition may become unstable, will definitely generate higher pollution and/or pollution abatement costs if used in the large majority of jurisdictions where chromium is considered polluting, and will decrease the likelihood of achieving a transparent coating as is usually desired.
- Component (C) preferably is selected from resins that, after drying from any solution/dispersion in which they may initially be present, are not soluble in water at 25 °C to an extent greater than, with increasing preference in the order given, 1.0, 0.5, 0.20, 0.10, 0.050, 0.020, 0.010, 0.0050, 0.0020, 0.0010, 0.00050, 0.00020, or 0.00010 % of the resin in water.
- component (C) preferably is selected from organic film- forming polymers of vinyl monomers selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, halohydrocarbons, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, and all esters, amides, and nitriles of organic acids. (Whether before or after polymerization, salts of any of these acids are to be understood as equivalent to the acids themselves.) If these polymers, as is usually preferred, have as low a solubility in water before drying as they are preferred to have after drying, the resins will be predominantly dispersed rather than dissolved in the treatment composition. In such dispersions, a surfactant is normally used as a dispersing agent.
- component (C) is selected from polymers of monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, the esters of all of these acids, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide, and methacrylamide and still more preferably, in such polymers, the total number of millimoles of carboxylic acid and carboxylate salt moieties per gram of the dried resin is at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 0.030, 0.040, 0.050, 0.070, 0.080, 0.090, 0.100, 0.110, 0.120, 0.130, 0.135, or 0.140 and independently preferably is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 1.5, 1.0, 0.50, 0.40, 0.35, 0.30, 0.27, 0.24, 0.22, 0.200, 0.190, 0.180, 0.170, or 0.160.
- polymers of component (C) preferably have a glass transition temperature that is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 30, 27, 25, 23, 21, 19, 17, or 15 °C.
- a working treatment composition according to the invention preferably has a pH value that is at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.2, 7.4, or 7.6, and independently preferably is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 10.0, 9.6, 9.2, 9.0, 8.8, 8.6, 8.4, 8.2, 8.0, 7.8. If the pH is too high or too low, the composition is likely to be unstable, because of precipitation and/or coagulation of at least part of its constituents.
- an al- kalinizing agent will usually be required as optional component (D) in order to achieve a pH value of 7.5 or more when that is desired.
- Any alkaline material may be used, but volatile ones such as ammonia and amines, for example, monoethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, and the like, and alkanolamines such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine are preferred. At least for economy, simple ammonia, usually added as a concentrated solution in water, is most preferred.
- a wax to be used as optional component (F) in a composition or process according to this invention preferably is predominantly an organic substance selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, halohydrocarbons, halocarbons, alcohols, ethers, carboxylic acids, esters of carboxylic acids, ketones, and aldehydes. Most if not all of the preferred waxes have scant solubility in water, and therefore are preferably added as dispersions to a mixture that constitutes, or after further additions will constitute, a composition according to the invention. Commercially available dispersions with fine dispersed particle size are preferably used.
- the average particle size of a dispersion of wax that is part of component (F) in a composition according to the invention preferably is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10, 5, 2, 1.0, 0.5, 0.20, 0.15, 0.12, 0.10, 0.08, or 0.06 micrometers.
- a dispersing agent required for a stable dispersion of this type; the dispersing agents in some but not all commercially supplied dispersions do not have any detrimental effect on a composition or process according to the invention; and when a dispersing agent for the wax component in a composition used according to the invention is present, this dispersing agent usually forms part of optional component (G).
- the melting point of a wax used in this invention preferably is at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 57, 65, 75, 85, 95, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125, or 130 °C and independently preferably is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 400, 350, 300, 250 200, 180, 170, 160, 155, 150, 145, 140, or 135 °C.
- a wax component (F) may be used to obtain the maximum resistance to damage in forming the finished product, but too large a fraction of wax can be disadvantageous.
- too much wax may: reduce the corrosion resistance, if the wax by itself does not form a continuous protective coating as component (C) does; make a substrate surface so slippery that it is very difficult to keep it coiled and/or to keep anything placed on an inclined surface of the coated substrate from sliding off; and/or cause undesired adhesion of the coated surface to another surface with which it is in contact, especially if the wax is low in melting point and the coated surface is exposed to heat while or shortly before it is in contact with another surface from which it is desired later to separate it.
- the ratio by mass, on a dried basis, of wax component (F) to component (C) preferably is at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 0.020:1.00, 0.040:1.00, 0.050:1.00, 0.060:1.00, 0.065:1.00, 0.070:1.00, 0.075:1.00, 0.080:1.00, 0.085:1.00, 0.090:1.00, 0.095:1.00, 0.100:1.00, or 0.103:1.00 and independently preferably is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 0.50:1.00, 0.40:1.00, 0.30:1.00, 0.25:1.00, 0.20:1.00, 0.15:1.00, 0.13:1.00, or 0.11 :1.00.
- a fluorinated surfactant more preferably a fluorinated anionic surfactant, most preferably a fluorinated alkyl carboxylate salt surfactant in which at least 80 % of the carboxylate groups have at least 8 carbon atoms, is preferred.
- the concentration of fluorinated surfactant in a working composition according to the invention preferably is at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 0.0010, 0.0020, 0.0030, 0.0040, 0.0050, 0.0060, or 0.0070 % of the total composition and independently preferably is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 0.080, 0.060, 0.050, 0.040, 0.030, 0.020, 0.015, 0.010, 0.0090, or 0.0080 % of the total composition.
- a surfactant may also be needed in some instances for abatement of foaming, particularly if preferred amounts and types of component (G) as described below are present in the working composition.
- an amount of antifoam agent corresponding to a concentration that is at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 0.0020, 0.0040, 0.0050, 0.0060, 0.0070, 0.0080, 0.0090, 0.0100, 0.0110, 0.0120, 0.0130, or 0.0140 % of the total composition and independently preferably is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 0.100, 0.080, 0.060, 0.050, 0.040, 0.030, 0.025, 0.020, 0.018, or 0.016 % of the total composition.
- any antifoam agent used preferably is a non-ionic surfactant and more preferably is selected from the group consisting of poly(oxyalkylene) polymers, ethoxylates of organic substances containing at least one phenol moiety per molecule, and organosiloxane polymers.
- An antiblocking agent may be used to reduce spontaneous, at least temporary adhesion between a surface treated according to the invention and another surface, optionally also treated according to the invention, which contacts the surface treated according to the invention.
- This phenomenon often called “blocking”
- blocking is particularly troublesome when surfaces treated according to the invention are wound into a coil that is later unwound before use.
- the compression inherent in winding favors at least temporary adhesion between the surfaces. If such adhesion occurs, unwinding can cause transfer of coating from one portion of the treated surface to some other surface, thereby producing unsatisfactory coating uniformity.
- blocking can be prevented by including in a composition according to the invention at least one of the following types of antiblocking agents: a silicone and/or ethoxylated silicone polymer, preferably a siloxane, in an amount having a ratio to the total solids content of the composition that is at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 0.0010:1.00, 0.0020:1.00, 0.0030:1.00, 0.0040:1.00, 0.0050:1.00, 0.0080:1.00, 0.010:1.00, 0.015:1.00, 0.020:1.00, 0.023:1.00, or 0.025:1.0 and independently, at least for economy, preferably is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 1.0:1.00, 0.80:1.00, 0.60:1.00
- the fluorinated surfactants have the property that they do not substantially reduce the static frictional properties of the surfaces coated according to the invention, so that the undesired "telescoping" of a coil of substrate treated according to the invention is less likely to occur. Silicone polymers are more consistent in preventing blocking but do cause reduced static frictional properties of the surfaces coated with them. A choice between these two types of blocking prevention may be made on this basis.
- Optional component (H) of organic solvent may not be needed and when not needed is preferably omitted for economy and avoidance of pollution problems and/or pollution abatement expense. There are at least three reasons, however, why organic solvents may be needed in a composition according to this invention in some instances.
- desired constituents of component (C) may require the presence of organic solvent as an aid in practical preparation of a composition according to the invention.
- the amount of organic solvent added for this purpose is preferably kept to the minimum required.
- an organic solvent may be useful in removing contaminants from the substrate simultaneously with forming the desired protective coating according to the invention, but ordinarily better results will be achieved if the substrate is conventionally cleaned before any contact with a composition according to this invention.
- component (H) may be needed to avoid cracking of the coating formed in a process according to the invention. Component (H) is unlikely to be needed for this reason if the glass transition temperature of component (C) is not more than 17 °C and is likely to be needed if the glass transition temperature of component (C) is more than 30 °C.
- component (H) is included in a composition according to the invention in order to avoid cracking of the coating formed
- this component is preferably selected from the group consisting of: esters with a structure that can be made by completely esterifying orthophosphor- ic acid or sulfuric acid with at least one monoalcohol, which may include halogen atoms and/or ether oxygen atoms in its molecules; and glycols, polyglycols, and the ethers and esters of glycols and polyglycols, i.e., molecules that conform to the general chemical formula (I):
- each of R 1 and R 4 which may be the same or different, represents one of a hydrogen moiety, a monovalent hydrocarbon, halohydrocarbon, or halocarbon moiety, and a monovalent acyl or halo-substituted acyl moiety; each of R 2 and R 3 , which may be the same or different, represents a divalent hydrocarbon, halohydrocarbon, or halocarbon moiety; n represents zero or a positive integer; and the R 3 moiety in any one of the n (OR 3 ) moieties may be the same as or different from the R 3 moiety in any other distinct one of these (OR 3 ) moieties.
- component (H) when present to minimize cracking of the coating is selected from molecules that conform to general formula (I) as given above, and more preferably, independently for each preference stated, the molecules selected conform to general formula (I) when:
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom and R 4 represents an alkyl moiety having a number of carbon atoms that is at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 2, 3, or 4 and independently preferably is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 10, 8, 6, 5, or 4; each of R 2 and R 3 has at least 3 carbon atoms and independently preferably has not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 10, 8, 6, 5, 4, or 3 carbon atoms; n is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 4, 3, 2, or 1.
- component (H) when present to minimize cracking of coatings formed with it comprises, preferably consists essentially of, or more preferably consists of, two distinct subcomponents as follows: subcomponent (H.1 ) is selected from molecules that preferably have not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 9, 8, or 7 carbon atoms each; and subcomponent (H.2) is selected from molecules that have at least 10 carbon atoms each and independently preferably have not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11 , or 10 carbon atoms each.
- the mass of (.1 ) present has a ratio to the mass of (.2) present that is at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 1.0:1.00, 2.0:1.00, 3.0:1.00, 4.0:1.00, 5.0:1.00, 5.5:1.00, 6.0:1.00, 6.5:1.00, 7.0:1.00, or 7.5:1.00 and independently preferably is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 25:1.00, 20:1.00, 18:1.00, 16:1.00, 14:1.00, 12:1.00, 10:1.00, or 8.0:1.00.
- component (H) when present in a composition according to the invention to minimize crack formation, it preferably has the property that at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 95, or 99 % of the amount of component (H) present in a wet coating formed in a process according to the invention is volatilized and therefore not present in the dry coating eventually formed by the process.
- the temperature at which a composition according to the invention is to be used is not known, preferably at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 95, or 99 % of the amount of component (H) present in a wet layer of a working composition with a thickness of 1.0 millimeter will be volatilized from said wet layer by heating the layer at 121 °C for at least 60 seconds.
- component (H) is present in a composition according to the invention to minimize cracking of coatings formed with the composition, preferably at least part of it is emulsified into the composition rather than dissolved in it.
- component (H) preferably consists of solvent(s) that have a solubility in water at 25 °C that is not greater than, with increasing preference in the order given, 15, 13, 11, 9.0, 8.0, 7.5, 7.3, 7.1 , 6.9, 6.7, or 6.5 grams of solvent per 100 grams of water; and independently at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0, or 11.0 % of component (H) preferably consists of solvent(s) that have a solubility in water at 25 °C that is not greater than, with increasing preference in the order given, 7.0, 6.8, 6.5,
- the concentration of component (H) in a working composition according to the invention in which component (H) is present preferably is at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, or 4.9 % of the total working composition and independently preferably is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, 9.0, 8.0, 7.0, or 6.0 % of the total working composition.
- the resistance to leaching of a chromium containing protective coating can be increased by converting part of the initially added hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium (or, of course, by otherwise supplying trivalent chromium to the composition and correspondingly reducing the content of hexavalent chromium).
- no trivalent chromium is needed for this purpose in a working composition according to the invention, and if not needed is preferably omitted.
- This result may be achieved by using a working composition that contains an organic material that is not readily effective as a reducing agent for hexavalent chromium under the conditions of concentrations and storage and/or use temperature for the working composition, but that is effective as such a reducing agent at higher temperatures, higher concentrations, or both, which are achieved during drying of the liquid coating of working composition.
- a working composition that contains an organic material that is not readily effective as a reducing agent for hexavalent chromium under the conditions of concentrations and storage and/or use temperature for the working composition, but that is effective as such a reducing agent at higher temperatures, higher concentrations, or both, which are achieved during drying of the liquid coating of working composition.
- component (H) selected from molecules conforming to general formula (I) as described above is present, no other material is normally needed for component (I).
- a composition according to the invention it is preferred for such a composition to include at least one reducing additive such as at least one of various alcohols, such as by way of non-limiting example glycerol, glycols, such as by way of non-limiting example propylene glycol, sugars, starch, and like organic materials that are suitable for this purpose, as known to those skilled in the art.
- the mass of the reducing additive present in the composition preferably has a ratio to total mass of chromium present in the same composition that is at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 0.30:1.00, 0.50:1.00, 0.70:1.00, 0.90:1.00, 1.10:1.00, 1.30:1.00, 1.50:1.00, 1.70:1.00, 1.90:1.00, 2.10:1.00, 2.30:1.00, 2.40:1.00, 2.50:1.00, 2.60:1.00, 2.70:1.00, 2.80:1.00, or 2.86:1.00 and independently preferably is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 10:1.0, 8.0:1.0, 6.0:1.0, 5.0:1.0, 4.5:1.0, 4.0:1.0, 3.5:1.0, or 3.0:1.0.
- a liquid surface treatment composition according to the invention may be coated onto the substrate by any effective method, such as dipping, spraying, brushing, roll coating, or using an air knife or an electrostatic coating technique, preferably after removing any grease or other soil from the surface of the substrate, to form a liquid coating over the substrate to be treated according to the invention.
- the coating may be formed on all surfaces of the substrate or on selected portions of the surface only, depending on the positioning of the liquid film from which the dry film is formed.
- the passivate compositions of the present invention may be used to treat any type of metal surface but are especially useful for passivating the surface of iron- containing metals such as steel, including zinc-coated and zinc alloy-coated steel such as Galvalume ® steel as well as hot dipped galvanized steel.
- the passivate composition may be applied to the metal surface using any suitable method such as dipping, rolling, spraying, brushing or the like. The composition is kept in contact with the metal surface for a period of time and at a temperature effective to form the desired corrosion protective coating on the surface. Typically, it will be desirable to apply a wet coating of the passivate composition to the metal surface and then to heat the metal surface to a temperature above room temperature to dry the coating.
- a process according to the invention in its simplest form consists of bringing a metal surface to be passivated into physical contact with a working composition according to the invention as described above for a period of time, then discontinuing such contact and drying the surface previously contacted.
- Preferred metal surfaces include galvanized and/or aluminized steel, and solid alloys of aluminum and/or zinc.
- Physical contact and subsequent separation can be accomplished by any of the methods well known in the metal treatment art, such as immersion for a certain time, then discontinuing immersion and removing adherent liquid by drainage under the influence of natural gravity or with a squeegee or similar device; spraying to establish the contact, then discontinuing the spraying and removing excess liquid as when contact is by immersion; roll coating of the amount of liquid followed by drying into place, and the like. Drying may be accomplished at ambient temperature, but it is preferred that drying take place at elevated temperatures, with the highest metal temperature (peak metal temperature) achieved not exceeding 250 0 F to reduce drying time. Typical processes for use of the invention are roll coating, for galvanized metal surfaces it is preferred that passivation be performed immediately after galvanizing. Roll coating is the preferred method of application in the coil industry where the coil can be galvanized and passivated in a continuous process.
- the composition is applied to strips of sheet metal from a coil and is then heated to dry and coalesce the coating.
- the peak metal temperature reached by the substrate during drying is desirably within the range of 150 to 250 0 F.
- the quality of the passivation layer formed is not known to be substantially affected by the temperature during passivating if the temperature is within these preferred limits.
- the thickness of the coating is preferably at least 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6.0 and is not more than 12, 11 , 10 , 9, 8 microns.
- the thickness of the coating formed by the aqueous liquid composition according to the invention corresponds to at least, with increasing preference in the order given, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900 milligrams per square meter of the metal surface passivated (hereinafter usually abbreviated as "mg/m2”), measured as total weight of the coating, and independently, preferably is not more than, with increasing preference in the order given, 1600, 1500, 1200, 1000 mg/m2 measured as total weight of the coating.
- mg/m2 milligrams per square meter of the metal surface passivated
- the passivating coating can act as a temporary coating.
- the passivating coating is intended to provide temporary corrosion protection for preventing corrosion and staining during the time period after galvanizing and prior to final finishing, i.e., during storage and shipping.
- the passivating coating is then removed and the substrate coated with a more permanent corrosion resistant coating, as is known in the art.
- the more permanent corrosion resistant coatings can be provided by a suitable conversion coating process. Suitable conversion coating composition and processes are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos.
- the substrate to be passivated may, but is not necessarily, thoroughly cleaned by any of various methods well known to those skilled in the art to be suitable for the particular substrate to be coated.
- galvanized metal surfaces are mentioned in connection with the present invention, they are understood to be material surfaces of electrolytically galvanized or hot-dip-galvanized or even alloy-galvanized steel, preferably electrolytically galvanized or hot-dip-galvanized steel strip.
- steel is meant unalloyed to low-alloyed steel of the type used, for example, in the form of sheets for automotive bodywork.
- galvanized steel, particularly electrolytically galvanized steel in strip form has grown considerably in significance in recent years.
- galvanized steel in the context of the present invention is understood to encompass electrolytically galvanized steel and also hot-dip-galvanized steel and also applies generally to alloy- galvanized steel, zinc/nickel alloys, zinc/iron alloys (Galvanneal ® ) an zinc/aluminum alloys (GALFAN ® , from Eastern Alloys, Inc., of Maybrook, New York, Galvalume ® , from BIEC International, Inc. of Vancouver, Washington) playing a particularly crucial role as zinc alloys.
- Example 1 was a cationic latex stabilized by addition of a non-ionic surfactant. This nonionically stabilized cationic latex was prepared according to the following procedure:
- part (A) To a 2 liter four-necked flask, equipped with stirrer, condenser, and nitrogen inlet was added part (A). Stirring and N 2 blanket were applied. Parts (B) and (C) were added to and mixed by shaking in separate containers until uniform stable dispersions were obtained. (E) and (F) were added to separate beakers and stirred to form clear solutions. The flask was heated to 40 °C at which time (B) was added followed immediately by addition of (D1 ) through (D4). The flask contents exothermed to a temperature of 75C over 30 minutes after which time (C), (E) and (F) were added at a uniform rate over 2 hours.
- Example 2 was a cationic latex similar to Example 1 , but the amine monomer was not used.
- This nonionically stabilized cationic latex was prepared according to the following procedure and stabilized by an non-ionic surfactant:
- part (A) To a 2 liter four-necked flask, equipped with stirrer, condenser, and nitrogen inlet was added part (A). Stirring and Nitrogen blanket were applied. Part (B) was added to and mixed by shaking in a container until a uniform stable dispersion was obtained. (D) and (E) were added to separate beakers and stirred to form clear solutions. The flask was heated to 40 0 C at which time 180.7g of (B) was added followed immediately by addition of (C1 ) through (C4). The flask contents exothermed to a temperature of 75 0 C over 30 minutes after which time the remainder of (B), (D) and (E) were added at a uniform rate over 2 hours.
- Example 3 and 4 were cationic latexes stabilized by the incorporation of a polymerizable non-ionic surfactant into the polymer chain and were prepared as follows:
- part (A) To a 2 liter four-necked flask, equipped with stirrer, condenser, and nitrogen inlet was added part (A). Stirring and Nitrogen blanket were applied. Part (B) was added to and mixed by shaking in a container until a uniform stable dispersion was obtained. (D) and (E) were added to separate beakers and stirred to form clear solutions. The flask was heated to 40 0 C at which time 90.3g of (B) was added followed immediately by addition of (C 1) through (C4). The flask contents were heated to a temperature of 65C over 30 minutes after which time the remainder of (B), (D) and (E) were added at a uniform rate over 2 hours. During the two hour addition, temperature was maintained at 65 "C.
- Example 4 is an additional non-ionically stabilized latex prepared using the formulation and procedure described by example 3. Final particle size was 217nm and measured solids were 45.1 %.
- Example 5 is a Comparative Example using a cationic latex typical of those used in the coil industry stabilized by use of a polymehzable anionic surfactant.
- This cationic latex was prepared according to the following procedure, and was stabilized by the incorporation of the anionic stabilizing groups into the polymer chain of the resin:
- part (A) was added to and mixed by stirring in a separate container.
- Part (B) was added to and mixed by stirring in a separate container.
- (C) was added to a beaker and stirred to form clear solution.
- the flask was heated to 80 0 C after which time 41.2g of (B) was added followed by addition of (C).
- the flask contents were maintained at a temperature of 8OC while the remainder of (B) was added over 3 hours.
- (D) was added to the flask. Temperature was maintained at 80 0 C for a period of 30 minutes at which time the polymerization was complete.
- the flask contents were cooled and filtered. Final particle size was 95nm and measured solids were 33.4%.
- Triton X-305 is a nonionic surfactant from Dow Chemical.
- EDTA is ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
- Noigen RN-20 is a polymerizable nonionic surfactant from DKS International, Inc.
- Hitenol BC-10 is a polymerizable anionic surfactant from DKS International, Inc.
- Example 5 Commercially available resins, as well as those of Examples 1-5, were utilized to make non-chrome, thin-film organic passivate compositions, according to Tables 5 and 6, below.
- the ratio of Part A to Part B was 1 :1 parts by volume.
- Non-chrome, thin-film organic passivate compositions were made as two pack compositions by first formulating Component A and Component B as found in Table 5, and then combining the two components.
- the passivate compositions were also formulated as one pack compositions, as found in Table 6, below, by combining all constituents of the composition in a single batch mix, rather than formulating separate components.
- Examples 6-18 The pH of Examples 6-18 was 2.6.
- Bonderite NT-1 is a phosphate free surface treatment containing inorganic oxide particles and dissolved fluorometallate anions commercially available from Henkel Corporation.
- Dequest 2010 is an aqueous solution of phosphonic acids comprising approximately 60 wt% 1-hydroxyethylidene-1 , 1- diphosphonic acid commercially available from Solutia, Inc.
- the lubricant used for Examples 6-18 was ML160, a waterborne wax emulsion commercially available from Michelman, Inc.; it is described in product literature as a low VOC, anionic carnauba wax having a particle size of 0.135 microns, a melting point of 85 "C and an ASTM D-5 hardness of 1.
- HA16 in Tables 5 and 6 is Rhoplex HA-16, commercially available from Rohm & Haas; it is described in product literature as a nonionic, self cross-linking acrylic emulsion polymer having a pH of 2.6 and a solids wt% of 45.5.
- compositions of Examples 13-18 were also prepared.
- Examples 13C, 14C and 15B the formulations in Table 6 were made according to Examples 13, 14 and 15, respectively, with the exception that additional distilled water was used in place of the Dequest 2010 to achieve 100 grams total weight.
- the remaining variations of Examples 13-18 were made according to their respective Examples 13-18, and additional components were introduced, as recited in the Additives column of Table 7.
- compositions were tested for phase stability, based on phase separation or coagulation after mixing that was visible to the unaided human eye, and storage stability, which was assessed by aging the composition at 100 °F for 6 months and observing whether phase separation or coagulation, visible to the unaided human eye, had taken place.
- Byk 348 is a wetting agent, commercially available from Byk Chemie.
- Byk 348 is a silicon surfactant, based on the polyether modified poly-dimethyl- siloxane.
- Nyacol DP 5370 is a commercially available aqueous dispersion of nanoparticulate zinc oxide.
- Non-chrome, thin-film organic passivate compositions containing vanadium were formulated according to Table 8, below.
- Permax 220 and 200 are nonionically stabilized urethane resins available from Noveon Inc. and described as aliphatic polyether waterborne urethane polymers constituting about 35-44% solids. Resin 1 and 2 are nonionically stabilized acrylic resins with a solids content of approximately 45-50%.
- the lubricant used for Examples 19-28 was ML160, a waterborne wax emulsion commercially available from Michelman, Inc.
- Galvalume® and Hot Dip Galvanized (HDP) steel panels were obtained from the National Steel, Trenton, Michigan. The panels were coated with the compositions as recited in Table 8 using a # 3 drawbar and also with a laboratory scale roll coater designed to approximate industrial roll coating conditions. All panels were dried in an oven and reached a peak metal temperature (PMT) of 200 "F. Table 9 Corrosion results
- Formula Part (A) which was the same as the Control, was a mixture of the substances recited in Table 10, added sequentially with low speed agitation until uniform in consistency:
- Formula Part (B) was a commercially available conventional sized or nanoparticulate dispersion of metal and/or metalloid oxide powder A number of the dispersions include a stabilizer in small amounts to aid in sustaining uniform dispersion of the particles
- the candidate compositions were prepared by combining Part A and Part B using one of the following alternative methods to produce the particular Formula to be tested, as follows
- composition of Formulas 1-12 is recited in Table 11
- the formula numbers are recited in Table 11 in cells corresponding to the amount of pigment under "% Corrosion after a Selected Number of Hours Testing (%-Hrs )"
- Pigment Mean Dry film % Pigment Volume Concentration (PVC) type diameter, nm Stabilizer appearance * 5% 10% I 15% 20% 30% I 40% I 50%
- coated panels were evaluated for emittance and reflectance of EMR as described in Table 12.
- Formula Part A was used as the control.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CA002671432A CA2671432A1 (en) | 2006-12-04 | 2007-12-03 | Stable, thin-film organic passivates |
AU2007328310A AU2007328310A1 (en) | 2006-12-04 | 2007-12-03 | Stable, thin-film organic passivates |
BRPI0720112-5A2A BRPI0720112A2 (en) | 2006-12-04 | 2007-12-03 | COMPOSITION USED TO PASSIVE A METAL SURFACE, PROCESS TO TREAT A METAL SUBSTRATE, AND, NET COMPOSITION |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/566,662 US20070125451A1 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2006-12-04 | Stable, thin-film organic passivates |
US11/566,662 | 2006-12-04 |
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WO2008070040A1 true WO2008070040A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
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PCT/US2007/024771 WO2008070040A1 (en) | 2006-12-04 | 2007-12-03 | Stable, thin-film organic passivates |
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US (1) | US20070125451A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101611170A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2007328310A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0720112A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2671432A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008070040A1 (en) |
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WO2014072443A1 (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2014-05-15 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Can pretreatment for improved coat adhesion |
JP2016501986A (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2016-01-21 | 日本パーカライジング株式会社 | Can pretreatment method for improving coating film adhesion |
US9771493B2 (en) | 2012-11-08 | 2017-09-26 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Can pretreatment for improved coating adhesion |
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EP1325089A2 (en) * | 2000-09-25 | 2003-07-09 | Chemetall GmbH | Method for pretreating and coating metal surfaces, prior to forming, with a paint-like coating and use of substrates so coated |
KR20110020237A (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2011-03-02 | 헨켈 아게 운트 코 카게아아 | Trichrome passivates for treating galvanized steel |
US20120088071A1 (en) * | 2010-10-06 | 2012-04-12 | Cool Angle LLC | Roofing material with directionally dependent properties and method of making the same |
EP2861678B1 (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2017-10-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Coating compositions comprising polymerizable non-ionic surfactant exhibiting reduced fingerprint visibility |
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CN103866306B (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2016-06-01 | 苏州禾川化学技术服务有限公司 | A kind of novel, environmental protection macromolecule potteryization liquid and its preparation method |
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CN103695892B (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2016-03-02 | 奎克化学(中国)有限公司 | For the passivating solution based on compound closure technology and preparation method thereof of zinc-plating material |
KR101753034B1 (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2017-07-04 | 현대모비스 주식회사 | Primer resin composition for vehicle reflector |
US9534830B2 (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2017-01-03 | Whirlpool Corporation | Transparent tinted coating for appliance exterior panels to allow for tinted surface patterns and a process for application of coating |
US10052655B2 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2018-08-21 | Whirlpool Corporation | Transparent tinted coating for appliance exterior panels to allow for tinted surface patterns and a process for application of coating |
US10246593B2 (en) | 2016-07-20 | 2019-04-02 | The Boeing Company | Sol-gel coating compositions including corrosion inhibitor-encapsulated layered double hydroxide and related processes |
US10428226B2 (en) | 2016-07-20 | 2019-10-01 | The Boeing Company | Sol-gel coating compositions and related processes |
US10246594B2 (en) | 2016-07-20 | 2019-04-02 | The Boeing Company | Corrosion inhibitor-incorporated layered double hydroxide and sol-gel coating compositions and related processes |
US10421869B2 (en) | 2017-01-09 | 2019-09-24 | The Boeing Company | Sol-gel coating compositions including corrosion inhibitor-encapsulated layered metal phosphates and related processes |
WO2022238190A1 (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2022-11-17 | Chemetall Gmbh | Aqueous composition for metallic surface treatment and the application thereof |
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WO2014072443A1 (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2014-05-15 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Can pretreatment for improved coat adhesion |
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US9771493B2 (en) | 2012-11-08 | 2017-09-26 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Can pretreatment for improved coating adhesion |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2671432A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
AU2007328310A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
BRPI0720112A2 (en) | 2014-06-24 |
CN101611170A (en) | 2009-12-23 |
US20070125451A1 (en) | 2007-06-07 |
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