WO2008139141A1 - Hydrajet tool for ultra high erosive environment - Google Patents
Hydrajet tool for ultra high erosive environment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008139141A1 WO2008139141A1 PCT/GB2008/001527 GB2008001527W WO2008139141A1 WO 2008139141 A1 WO2008139141 A1 WO 2008139141A1 GB 2008001527 W GB2008001527 W GB 2008001527W WO 2008139141 A1 WO2008139141 A1 WO 2008139141A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tool
- jetting
- fluid
- holder
- sleeve
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 title description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 38
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical class [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/114—Perforators using direct fluid action on the wall to be perforated, e.g. abrasive jets
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
Definitions
- the present invention primarily relates to mining and subterranean well formations. More particularly, the present invention relates to an improved method and system for perforating, slotting, and cutting steel and subterranean rock; and also for fracturing a subterranean formation to stimulate the production of desired fluids therefrom.
- Jetting tools are used in a number of different industries and have a variety of different applications. For instance, jetting tools are used in subterranean operations such as perforating and hydraulic fracturing.
- Hydraulic fracturing is often utilized to stimulate the production of hydrocarbons from subterranean formations penetrated by well bores.
- the well casing where present, such as in vertical sections of wells adjacent the formation to be treated, is perforated. This perforating operation can be performed using explosive means or hydrajetting. Where only one portion of a formation is to be fractured as a separate stage, it is then isolated from the other perforated portions of the formation using conventional packers or the like, and a fracturing fluid is pumped into the well bore through the perforations in the well casing and into the isolated portion of the formation to be stimulated at a rate and pressure such that fractures are formed and extended in the formation.
- a propping agent may be suspended in the fracturing fluid which is deposited in the fractures.
- the propping agent functions to prevent the fractures from closing, thereby providing conductive channels in the formation through which produced fluids can readily flow to the well bore. In certain formations, this process is repeated in order to thoroughly populate multiple formation zones or the entire formation with fractures.
- the jetting tool cannot be made of a very hard material to avoid erosion because such materials are brittle and will shatter during jetting operations or when the jetting tool is moved in and out of the jetting location. Consequently, the current jetting tools comprise a cylindrical structure which cannot withstand the abrasive forces. In some applications a fluid jet that is made of a hard material is installed on the cylindrical structure.
- one disadvantage of the current hydrajetting methods is that the jetting tool is eroded during operation. In order to deal with this erosion the jetting tool must be extracted from the hole to be repaired or replaced. The extraction of the jetting tool can be expensive and could also lead to a job failure. In such situations it would be desirable to have a method and tool for delivering fluids to the formation to be fractured which could withstand the impact of the erosive forces.
- the present invention primarily relates to mining and subterranean well formation. More particularly, the present invention relates to an improved method and system for perforating, slotting, and cutting steel and subterranean rock; and also for fracturing a subterranean formation to stimulate the production of desired fluids therefrom.
- the present invention is directed to an abrasive resistance jetting tool which includes a sleeve.
- the sleeve is composed of a material with a hardness greater than 75 Rockwell A and has at least one hole in its wall. A fluid flowing through the sleeve can exit through the hole.
- the present invention is directed to a fluid jetting device with a cylindrical body having a hardness greater than 75 Rockwell A. A fluid flowing through the cylindrical body is emitted through an orifice in the cylindrical body.
- the present invention may include a holder enclosing the jetting device.
- the holder includes holes that align with the holes in the sleeve in order to allow the emission of a fluid from the sleeve.
- FIGURE 1 illustrates a hydrajetting tool in accordance with the prior art.
- FIGURE 2 illustrates the impact of damage causing factors on a hydrajetting tool in accordance with the prior art.
- FIGURE 3 illustrates the result of straight jetting and angled jetting using a hydrajetting tool in accordance with the prior art.
- FIGURE 4 illustrates a cutaway view of an improved jetting tool in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention depicting the solid sleeve, holders and associated parts.
- FIGURE 5 illustrates the impact of damage causing factors on an improved jetting tool in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention primarily relates to mining and subterranean well formation. More particularly, the present invention relates to an improved method and system for perforating, slotting, and cutting steel and subterranean rock; and also for fracturing a subterranean formation to stimulate the production of desired fluids therefrom.
- the high pressure exerted on the formation at the tip of the cavity causes a fracture to be formed and extend some distance into the formation.
- a propping agent is suspended in the fracturing fluid which is deposited in the fracture.
- the propping agent may be a granular substance such as, for example, sand grains, ceramic or bauxite or other man-made grains, walnut shells, or other material carried in suspension by the fracturing fluid.
- the propping agent functions to prevent the fractures from closing and thereby provides conductive channels in the formation through which produced fluids can readily flow to the well bore.
- the presence of the propping agent also increases the erosive effect of the jetting fluid.
- a fracturing fluid is pumped through the fracturing tool and into the well bore to raise the ambient fluid pressure exerted on the formation.
- the fluid is pumped into the fracture at a rate and high pressure sufficient to extend the fracture an additional distance from the well bore into the formation.
- Nozzle 130 may extend beyond the surface of the outer wall as depicted in Figure 1, or nozzle 130 may extend only to the surface of the outer wall of the hydrajetting tool 100.
- the orientation of nozzle 130 may be modified depending upon the formation to be fractured.
- the nozzle 130 has an exterior opening which acts as a nozzle opening 150 that allows the passage of fluids from the inner side of hydrajetting tool 100 through the nozzle 130.
- the nozzle 130 may be composed of any material that is capable of withstanding the stresses associated with fluid fracture, the abrasive nature of the fracturing or other treatment fluids and any proppants or other fracturing agents used.
- the materials that can be used for construction of the nozzle 13.0 may include, but are not limited to tungsten carbide, diamond composites, and certain ceramics.
- the nozzle 130 is often composed of abrasion resistive materials such as tungsten carbide, or other certain ceramics, such materials are expensive and brittle. As a result, a tool wholly made of such substances will likely shatter as it cannot withstand the forces encountered as it moves down to the site to be fractured. Consequently, the body of the hydrajetting tool 100 is typically made of steel or similar materials that although not brittle, are not strong enough to withstand the abrasive forces encountered during the hydrajetting process.
- FIG. 2 Shown in Figure 2, is the impact of damage causing factors on a hydrajetting tool in accordance with the prior art. Arrows are used to show the direction of the fluid flow as the fluid approaches and exits the nozzle 130 through the nozzle opening 150. Typically, there are three distinct phenomena that damage the hydrajetting tool 100 as the fluid exits the nozzle 130.
- a slight movement of the hydrajetting tool 100 can initiate a Coriolis swirling effect.
- the hydrajetting tool 100 is not completely stationary during the jetting process. For example, the tool may move due to vibrations resulting from the jetting process. If the hydrajetting tool 100 turns during the jetting process it will cause the fluid to start swirling, thereby creating a tornado effect 240. As the fluid swirls 240 it further erodes the inner walls 245 of the hydrajetting tool 100 along its circumference.
- the third major source of damage to the hydrajetting tool 100 results from the reflection of the emitted fluid 250 from the perforations 255. As the fluid reflects 230 from the perforation it erodes 235 the hydrajetting tool 100. As discussed above, in some hydrajetting tools the direction of the nozzle opening 150 may be altered depending on the formation to be fractured. The damage resulting from the reflection of the fluid is shown in more detail in Figure 3. Depicted in Figure 3 is a diagram showing the damage to the hydrajetting tool 100 due to reflected fluids from the perforations 255 with the nozzle 300, 315 at different angles.
- the reflection of the fluid onto the hydrajetting tool 100 is the least when the nozzle 300 shoots the fluid 305 straight into the perforation 255.
- the splashback fluid 310 which is moving in a direction opposite to that of the jet 305 reduces the effectiveness of the jet 305 leading to an ineffective cutting of the perforation 255.
- Jet 300 also reduces the effectiveness of the splashback fluid 310 in damaging the tool near the fluid exit of the jet. Massive erosion on the tool 235 still occur around the perimeter of the nozzle.
- applying the jet 320 at an angle makes the cutting process highly effective.
- due to angling the nozzle 315 the effect of fluid 325 reflected onto the hydrajetting tool 100 increases as the splashback fluid 325 is undeterred. Because the fluid 325 is shooting back at the hydrajetting tool 100 at full velocity, it will cut 330 the hydrajetting tool in a short amount of time.
- FIGURE 4 Shown in FIGURE 4 is a cutaway view of an improved jetting tool in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention shown generally with reference numeral 400.
- the improved jetting tool 400 includes a solid sleeve 440 comprising a plurality of hard material parts 415, 420 and 425.
- the hard material parts are made from a material having a hardness greater than 75 Rockwell A.
- the materials that may be used to make the hard material parts 415, 420, 425 include, but are not limited to, carbide or other ceramics with a high resistance to abrasive forces.
- the carbide used to make the hard material parts 415, 420 and 425 may be of all grades and may be a carbide with different types of binders or without binders.
- the binder may be made of a variety of suitable materials including, but not limited to, Molybdenum and Cobalt.
- Molybdenum and Cobalt the exemplary solid sleeve comprises three hard material parts 415, 420, 425, it would be readily apparent to one skilled in the art with the benefit of this disclosure that a different number of hard material parts can be used depending on the desired length of the jetting tool 400 and other factors such as the nature of the formation being fractured.
- the suitable hard materials such as carbide or other ceramics are brittle and easily shatter.
- This problem is resolved by enclosing the solid, sleeve 440 between a first holder 405 on one side and a second holder 410 on the other side.
- the holders 405, 410 act as a carrier and sacrificial body on the outside of the solid sleeve 440.
- the primary purpose of the holders 405, 410 is to protect the solid sleeve 440 against shattering during the jetting process and as the tool is moved to and returned from a desired location.
- the holders may be made of a variety of materials including but not limited to steel, fiberglass, or other suitable materials.
- one of the hard material parts 420 includes a hole 430.
- holes 435 created on the body of the holders 405, 410 which are aligned to match the holes of the solid sleeve 440.
- the number of the holes and the angles at which the holes are located can be varied depending on the nature of the formation and other relevant factors in order to achieve a desirable performance. Because holes are created directly in the body of the jetting tool 400, a nozzle need not be used and the fluid can flow out of the jetting tool 400 through the holes in the walls.
- FIGURE 5 Shown in FIGURE 5 is the impact of damage causing factors on an improved jetting tool 400 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the fluid 500 flows through the improved jetting tool 400 and exits through the hole 435 in the wall of the jetting tool 400.
- the causes of damage are the same as that discussed with regard to the Prior Art, namely, the fluid rapidly turning the corner 520, the fluid overshot 510, the Coriolis swirling of the fluid 540 and the reflection of the fluid 530 from the perforations
- the solid sleeve 440 is composed of hard materials, it will not be eroded by the fluid turning the corner 520, the Coriolis swirling 540, or the overshot fluid 510. Moreover, although the reflection of the fluid 530 from the perforations 255 impacts the holder 405 and erodes 535 it, this erosion will not impact the performance of the jetting tool 400. Specifically, although the reflected fluid 530 may completely erode the holder 405, it cannot erode the hard material below it, and hence, cannot impact the operation of the jetting mechanism which is composed of the hard material forming the solid sleeve 440.
- the main purpose of the holder 405 is to prevent the shattering of the solid sleeve 440 and the holder 405 can perform that function despite having parts of its surface eroded 535 by the reflected fluid 530.
- the improved jetting tool 400 can withstand a long duration of jetting and need not be removed from the hole for part replacement until the job is completed.
- any damage to holders 405, 410 can easily be repaired by simply replacing them as they are made from cheap material and are easily separable from the solid sleeve 440.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN200880016243.7A CN101680290B (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2008-05-01 | Hydrajet tool for ultra high erosive environment |
AT08750500T ATE546613T1 (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2008-05-01 | WATERJET TOOL FOR HIGH OSIVE ENVIRONMENTS |
BRPI0809410-1A BRPI0809410A2 (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2008-05-01 | BLASTING TOOL, AND BLASTING DEVICE |
AU2008249846A AU2008249846B2 (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2008-05-01 | Hydrajet tool for ultra high erosive environment |
PL08750500T PL2147190T3 (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2008-05-01 | Hydrajet tool for ultra high erosive environment |
CA2681607A CA2681607C (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2008-05-01 | Hydrajet tool for ultra high erosive environment |
MX2009011686A MX2009011686A (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2008-05-01 | Hydrajet tool for ultra high erosive environment. |
EP08750500A EP2147190B1 (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2008-05-01 | Hydrajet tool for ultra high erosive environment |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/748,087 | 2007-05-14 | ||
US11/748,087 US7841396B2 (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2007-05-14 | Hydrajet tool for ultra high erosive environment |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2008139141A1 true WO2008139141A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
Family
ID=39701141
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2008/001527 WO2008139141A1 (en) | 2007-05-14 | 2008-05-01 | Hydrajet tool for ultra high erosive environment |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7841396B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2147190B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101680290B (en) |
AR (1) | AR066548A1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE546613T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2008249846B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0809410A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2681607C (en) |
MX (1) | MX2009011686A (en) |
PL (1) | PL2147190T3 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2422626C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008139141A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104727794A (en) * | 2015-02-03 | 2015-06-24 | 北京众博达石油科技有限公司 | Scouring-resistant ejector |
Families Citing this family (19)
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US8066059B2 (en) | 2005-03-12 | 2011-11-29 | Thru Tubing Solutions, Inc. | Methods and devices for one trip plugging and perforating of oil and gas wells |
US8371369B2 (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2013-02-12 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Crossover sub with erosion resistant inserts |
US8439116B2 (en) | 2009-07-24 | 2013-05-14 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Method for inducing fracture complexity in hydraulically fractured horizontal well completions |
US8960292B2 (en) | 2008-08-22 | 2015-02-24 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | High rate stimulation method for deep, large bore completions |
US9796918B2 (en) | 2013-01-30 | 2017-10-24 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Wellbore servicing fluids and methods of making and using same |
US9016376B2 (en) | 2012-08-06 | 2015-04-28 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Method and wellbore servicing apparatus for production completion of an oil and gas well |
US8887803B2 (en) | 2012-04-09 | 2014-11-18 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Multi-interval wellbore treatment method |
US8631872B2 (en) | 2009-09-24 | 2014-01-21 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Complex fracturing using a straddle packer in a horizontal wellbore |
US8720566B2 (en) * | 2010-05-10 | 2014-05-13 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Slot perforating tool |
US8448700B2 (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2013-05-28 | Thru Tubing Solutions, Inc. | Abrasive perforator with fluid bypass |
US9227204B2 (en) | 2011-06-01 | 2016-01-05 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Hydrajetting nozzle and method |
US20130048282A1 (en) | 2011-08-23 | 2013-02-28 | David M. Adams | Fracturing Process to Enhance Propping Agent Distribution to Maximize Connectivity Between the Formation and the Wellbore |
US9097104B2 (en) | 2011-11-09 | 2015-08-04 | Weatherford Technology Holdings, Llc | Erosion resistant flow nozzle for downhole tool |
US9228422B2 (en) | 2012-01-30 | 2016-01-05 | Thru Tubing Solutions, Inc. | Limited depth abrasive jet cutter |
US9371693B2 (en) | 2012-08-23 | 2016-06-21 | Ramax, Llc | Drill with remotely controlled operating modes and system and method for providing the same |
US10094172B2 (en) | 2012-08-23 | 2018-10-09 | Ramax, Llc | Drill with remotely controlled operating modes and system and method for providing the same |
US9677383B2 (en) | 2013-02-28 | 2017-06-13 | Weatherford Technology Holdings, Llc | Erosion ports for shunt tubes |
CN106761597A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-31 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of single-blade hydraulic ejector |
US10677024B2 (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2020-06-09 | Thru Tubing Solutions, Inc. | Abrasive perforator with fluid bypass |
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-
2008
- 2008-05-01 RU RU2009146059/03A patent/RU2422626C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-05-01 CN CN200880016243.7A patent/CN101680290B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-05-01 PL PL08750500T patent/PL2147190T3/en unknown
- 2008-05-01 AT AT08750500T patent/ATE546613T1/en active
- 2008-05-01 WO PCT/GB2008/001527 patent/WO2008139141A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-05-01 AU AU2008249846A patent/AU2008249846B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-05-01 MX MX2009011686A patent/MX2009011686A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2008-05-01 EP EP08750500A patent/EP2147190B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-05-01 CA CA2681607A patent/CA2681607C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-05-01 BR BRPI0809410-1A patent/BRPI0809410A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-05-13 AR ARP080102019A patent/AR066548A1/en active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2681607C (en) | 2012-03-13 |
CN101680290A (en) | 2010-03-24 |
CN101680290B (en) | 2014-11-26 |
AU2008249846A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
BRPI0809410A2 (en) | 2014-09-16 |
US20080283299A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
MX2009011686A (en) | 2009-11-10 |
RU2422626C1 (en) | 2011-06-27 |
CA2681607A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
PL2147190T3 (en) | 2012-07-31 |
AU2008249846B2 (en) | 2013-01-31 |
EP2147190B1 (en) | 2012-02-22 |
EP2147190A1 (en) | 2010-01-27 |
AR066548A1 (en) | 2009-08-26 |
ATE546613T1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
US7841396B2 (en) | 2010-11-30 |
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