WO2009129184A1 - Retrait et élimination du radium - Google Patents
Retrait et élimination du radium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009129184A1 WO2009129184A1 PCT/US2009/040372 US2009040372W WO2009129184A1 WO 2009129184 A1 WO2009129184 A1 WO 2009129184A1 US 2009040372 W US2009040372 W US 2009040372W WO 2009129184 A1 WO2009129184 A1 WO 2009129184A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- radium
- cation exchange
- strong acid
- exchange resin
- acid cation
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 iron ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 235000012206 bottled water Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011956 best available technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940023913 cation exchange resins Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002384 drinking water standard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005180 public health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
- C02F2001/425—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange using cation exchangers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/006—Radioactive compounds
Definitions
- This invention relates to the removal and disposal of radium present in potable water sources.
- Radioactive contaminants Radium is one of these radionucleotides. Much of this contamination is naturally occurring. In most cases these radionucleotide contaminants are at levels that are low enough to not be considered a health concern. At higher levels radionucleotides in drinking water may cause cancer.
- DOWEX RSC barium sulfate-doped styrene resin.
- RSC sodium Selective Complexer
- This resin is not regenerable and in some settings needs a significant level of sulfate, such as up to about 30 parts per million, in the water being treated to have a long resin life.
- use of DOW RSC is incompatible with low pH water sources such as water sources at pH 5.5 or lower. As with many resins, iron contamination in the water supplies can shorten the effective resin life.
- DOWEX RSC resin is relatively expensive and thus is commonly operated for long periods. This long run cycle leads to the accumulation of large enough amounts of radium on the resin that when it is removed from service it must be treated as a hazardous radioactive material and thus must be discarded into a "low level radioactive material disposal" site. The cost of such disposal is very high, currently at least $225 per Ib. This is as much or more than the cost of the fresh resin itself. This leads to a non economic operation.
- this invention relates to a process for removing radium from radium-contaminated water, which process comprises:
- This process of the invention contacting radium-contaminated water with a strong acid cation exchange resin under radium exchanging conditions. This contacting is carried out in a contacting zone. This contacting results in the formation of a reduced radium content water and a radium-containing strong acid cation exchange resin.
- This contacting is continued as additional radium-contaminated water is brought into contact with the radium-containing strong acid cation exchange resin. This gives rise to the formation of additional reduced radium content water and an enhanced radium content radium-containing strong acid cation exchange resin.
- the contacting is stopped when the radium content of the enhanced radium content radium-containing strong acid cation exchange resin approaches but does not exceed 200 pCi/g. At this point the enhanced radium content radium-containing strong acid cation exchange resin is recovered from the contacting zone.
- the recovered enhanced radium content radium-containing strong acid cation exchange resin having a radium content approaching but not exceeding 200 pCi/g is then admixed and encapsulated with mineral-based material and formed into solid bodies of encapsulated enhanced radium content radium-containing strong acid cation exchange resin.
- strong acid cation exchange resins refer to polymeric resins having acid groups with a pka of less than 4, preferably less than 3, more preferably less than 2 and most preferably less than 1, attached thereto, wherein the acid group is neutralized to an acid metal salt such as an alkali or alkaline metal salt.
- Preferred salts include sodium, potassium, calcium and the like.
- Preferred polymeric resins include polystyrene resin and preferred acid groups include sulfonic acid groups.
- Preferred resins are highly crosslinked, macroporous strong acid cation exchange resin based on sulfonated polystyrene, crosslinked with divinylbenzene and are available from Resintech, West Berlin, NJ, USA under the tradename SACMP.
- this invention relates to a process comprising
- the strong acid cation exchange resin is a macroreticular resin.
- the macroreticular resin is a styrene -based resin.
- the styrene-based macroreticular resin is a sulfonate-containing cross-linked resin.
- the mineral-based material comprises clay.
- the contacting is stopped when the radium content of the enhanced radium content radium-containing strong acid cation exchange resin is greater than about 100 pCi/g. In some embodiments, the contacting is stopped when the radium content of the enhanced radium content radium-containing strong acid cation exchange resin is greater than about 150 pCi/g. In some embodiments, the contacting is stopped when the radium content of the enhanced radium content radium-containing strong acid cation exchange resin is greater than about 180 pCi/g.
- the contacting is stopped when the radium content of the enhanced radium content radium-containing strong acid cation exchange resin is greater than about 190 pCi/g. In all cases, the radium content of the enhanced radium content radium-containing strong acid cation exchange resin does not exceed 200 pCi/g.
- the encapsulating causes substantially all enhanced radium content radium-containing strong acid cation exchange resin is encapsulated in mineral- based material and forms solid bodies.
- a greater than about 60% of the enhanced radium content radium-containing strong acid cation exchange resin is encapsulated in mineral-based material and forms solid bodies. In some embodiments, a greater than about 80% of the enhanced radium content radium-containing strong acid cation exchange resin is encapsulated in the mineral-based material and forms solid bodies. In some embodiments, a greater than about 90% of the enhanced radium content radium-containing strong acid cation exchange resin is encapsulated in mineral-based material and forms solid bodies. In some embodiments, a greater than about 95% of the enhanced radium content radium- containing strong acid cation exchange resin is encapsulated in the mineral-based material and forms solid bodies.
- the encapsulating comprises dewatering the mineral-based material after admixing.
- the radium-contaminated water has a pH of about or below 5.5. In some embodiments, the radium-contaminated water has a pH of about 5.5.
- the radium-contaminated water additionally comprises iron ions.
- the invention provides a process comprising:
- a strong acid cation exchange resin such as SACMP from Resintech, West Berlin, New Jersey, U.S.A
- the radium- contaminated water is allowed to flow through the vessel comprising the resin under radium-exchanging conditions at a flow rate of 10-12 gallons per minute per square foot of vessel cross-sectional area under ambient conditions.
- the water effluent from the contacting zone preferably has a reduce radium level of less than 5 picocuries per liter (pCi/L). The process is continued until the radium absorbed by the resin reaches a concentration of 200 picocuries per gram (pCi/g) of resin.
Abstract
La présente invention concerne le retrait et l'élimination du radium présent dans des sources d'eau potable.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US4634908P | 2008-04-18 | 2008-04-18 | |
| US61/046,349 | 2008-04-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009129184A1 true WO2009129184A1 (fr) | 2009-10-22 |
Family
ID=41199438
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2009/040372 WO2009129184A1 (fr) | 2008-04-18 | 2009-04-13 | Retrait et élimination du radium |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2009129184A1 (fr) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4800024A (en) * | 1986-04-07 | 1989-01-24 | Iso-Clear Systems Corporation | Removal of heavy metals and heavy metal radioactive isotopes from liquids |
-
2009
- 2009-04-13 WO PCT/US2009/040372 patent/WO2009129184A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4800024A (en) * | 1986-04-07 | 1989-01-24 | Iso-Clear Systems Corporation | Removal of heavy metals and heavy metal radioactive isotopes from liquids |
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