WO2010048867A1 - Method for detecting single phase grounding fault based on harmonic component of residual current - Google Patents
Method for detecting single phase grounding fault based on harmonic component of residual current Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010048867A1 WO2010048867A1 PCT/CN2009/074606 CN2009074606W WO2010048867A1 WO 2010048867 A1 WO2010048867 A1 WO 2010048867A1 CN 2009074606 W CN2009074606 W CN 2009074606W WO 2010048867 A1 WO2010048867 A1 WO 2010048867A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
- H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0092—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the data processing means, e.g. expert systems, neural networks
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the field of power system protection and control, and particularly relates to a radial connection of a neutral point via a resistor grounding
- the resulting problem is that the fault current caused by the fault line also flows through the circuit of the healthy line to ground capacitance, causing the protection detection device on the sound line to be erroneously detected as a ground fault due to an increase in residual current. Therefore, it is necessary to use the direction discrimination method to ensure the selectivity of fault detection.
- the traditional method of direction discrimination requires two kinds of information, voltage and current. It is judged whether the fault occurs on the line based on the comparison of the phasors of voltage and current.
- the resulting problem is that the protection or detection device requires the voltage and current on the primary side of the detection system.
- some actual system outlets are not provided with voltage signals, so only simple overcurrents can be used to detect ground faults; on the other hand, adding voltage signals transmitted by voltage transformers will inevitably improve the detection system. Cost and complexity.
- Harmonics can be seen as the main component that causes changes in the current waveform, and therefore can reflect the distortion of the current waveform caused by the particularity of the ground fault (such as the zero-crossing of the arc of the weekly wave and the non-linear grounding resistance). Harmonic detection is not a simple use of the amplitude information of the current, it can more effectively respond to high-resistance faults. However, these high-resistance detection methods still require both voltage and current signals to exist simultaneously. Therefore, direct replacement of simple overcurrent protection is still not possible.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and to propose a single-phase ground fault detection method based on residual current harmonic components, and the present invention identifies faults by analyzing and comparing harmonic components and fundamental components. Lines and non-faulty lines. This method uses only the current information to detect the direction of the fault and select the faulty line.
- a single-phase ground fault detection method based on residual current harmonic component proposed by the present invention is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- the method for determining the threshold range 1 is: by analyzing, the phase difference of the third harmonic relative to the fundamental wave on the fault line is 180 degrees, and the phase difference is 0 degree on the non-fault line, in practical engineering applications. Considering the measurement and calculation error, the threshold range 1 should be set to the adjacent area of 180 degrees. For example, the threshold range 1 can be set to 180 degrees ⁇ 60 degrees.
- a suspected ground fault is considered to occur if the suspected ground fault continues to exceed the fault threshold during the day. If the suspected ground fault continues to exceed the transient threshold during the day, the transient event is considered to occur, if preset [19] During the global reset period, multiple transient events occur, and an intermittent ground fault is considered to have occurred.
- the fault time threshold can be based on actual situation analysis or according to engineering experience, for example, set the fault time threshold to 2-5 seconds, the transient event time threshold is 100-300 milliseconds, and the global reset time is 20-40 seconds. The number of transient events occurred 3-10 times.
- Another single-phase ground fault detection method based on residual current harmonic component proposed by the present invention is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- phase difference of the residual current of the neutral point minus the phase difference of the residual current of the feeder enters a preset threshold range 2, it is determined that a suspected ground fault occurs in the feeder;
- the threshold range 2 is determined by: the phase difference of the third harmonic of the residual current of the feeder relative to the fundamental wave is ⁇ ⁇ , and the phase difference of the third harmonic of the residual current of the neutral point with respect to the fundamental wave is (PRN, Analysis is obtained on the feeder that has failed,
- PRN Phase difference of the third harmonic of the residual current of the neutral point with respect to the fundamental wave
- the threshold range 2 should be set to a neighborhood of 0 degrees, taking into account measurement and calculation errors.
- the threshold range 2 can be set to ⁇ 60 degrees.
- the ground fault is considered to occur. If the transient period exceeds the transient threshold, the transient event is considered to occur, if it is within the preset global reset. When a transient event occurs, it is considered that an intermittent ground fault has occurred.
- the fault time threshold, the transient event threshold, the global reset time, and the number of transient events can be set according to actual conditions or according to engineering experience. For example, setting the fault time The threshold is 2-5 seconds, the transient threshold is 100-300 milliseconds, the global reset is 20-40 seconds, and the transient events occur 3-10 times.
- the detection object in the present invention is still the fundamental and harmonic components of the current, similar to the conventional high-resistance grounding detection method, and concerns the waveform distortion caused by the high-resistance ground fault, but does not require a voltage signal as a comparison.
- the quantity, which only compares the harmonic component and the fundamental component, can be regarded as the reference value of the direction comparison using the fundamental wave, and the harmonics are used as the compared quantity to realize the above-mentioned harmonic analysis and direction discrimination.
- the present invention overcomes the fact that the conventional overcurrent protection cannot perform the direction discrimination of the lack of the voltage signal, and can be used for the detection of the high resistance ground fault. It is a practical, inexpensive enhancement and addition to the traditional ground fault detection based on the simple overcurrent principle.
- Example 1 In Embodiment 1, only the residual current of the feed line needs to be collected, and the residual current of the concentration point is not required. The working steps are as follows:
- the ground fault is considered to occur. If the continuous time exceeds 200 milliseconds, the transient event is considered to occur. If within the preset 30 seconds, more than 3 times occur. The transient event is considered to have an intermittent ground fault.
- the present embodiment uses three timers and one counter to perform the above functions, a global timer, 30 seconds between turns, a harmonic fault timer, and 2 seconds between turns.
- a transient event timer with a period of 200 milliseconds. The timer calculates the above-mentioned conditional status flag bits:
- the fault alarm is a ground fault
- the fault is suspected to be a transient event and continues to be detected.
- the fault alarm is an intermittent ground fault.
- Example 2 [54] The difference between Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 is that it is necessary to collect and use the residual current of the neutral point, and the phase difference of the residual current of the neutral point is subtracted from the phase difference of the residual current of the feeder to determine the fault. line.
- two conventional detecting devices are required, one of which directly detects the current flowing into the ground at the grounding point in the substation; and the other device detects the residual current of the feeder on the same bus in the substation. Communication between the two is through a communication network.
- Embodiment 2 is similar to the steps of Embodiment 1, except that the processing of the residual current of the neutral point is increased.
- the processing method is the same as the processing method of the residual current of the feeder. Only the step 5) has different criteria for the suspected ground fault:
- the third harmonic relative base The size and phase difference of the wave. If the phase difference of the residual current of the neutral point minus the phase difference of the residual current of the feeder enters a preset threshold range 2 ( ⁇ 60 degrees), it is judged that a suspected ground fault has occurred in the feeder.
- Embodiment 2 needs to detect the residual current of the neutral point and the residual current of the feeder, and therefore, involves communication between the detecting devices.
- Embodiment 2 is more complicated in implementation than Embodiment 1, but in principle, it does not depend entirely on the harmonic characteristics of the fault current, and the reliability is higher.
Abstract
The method for detecting single-phase grounding fault based on the harmonic component of residual current is provided, in which collecting and calculating the phase differences of third harmonic waves relative to the fundamental wave of the residual current in the feeder line, and judging if the phase differences of the residual current in the feeder line is into a threshold range, and judging if there is a suspected grounding fault, and confirming the fault event by judging the duration and the generated times of the suspected grounding fault. Another method for detecting single-phase grounding fault based on the harmonic component of residual current is provided, in which the residual current of neutral point is used.
Description
技术领域 Technical field
本发明属于电力系统保护和控制领域, 特别涉及中性点经电阻接地的辐射状连
The invention belongs to the field of power system protection and control, and particularly relates to a radial connection of a neutral point via a resistor grounding
[3] 背景技术 [3] Background Art
[4] 单相接地故障是配电系统中的一种最为常见的故障现象。 6kV-66kV的配电网 往往釆用变压器中性点不接地、 经电阻接地或经消弧线圏接地的方式。 正常情 况下, 在三相辐射状连接单电源的配电系统中, 一条出线上的剩余电流的故障 分量等价于接地故障电流, 对于传统的接地故障检测方法, 只要检测剩余电流 大小, 将剩余电流和阈值进行比较就可以反映接地故障。 但是随着线路长度的 增加, 健全线路上的分布电容也可能构成剩余电流的回路。 由此产生的问题是 : 故障线路引起的故障电流, 同样也会流经健全线路对地电容构成的回路, 导 致在健全线路上的保护检测装置因剩余电流增加而误检测为接地故障。 因此需 要釆用方向判别的方法来保证故障检测的选择性。 [4] Single-phase ground faults are one of the most common fault phenomena in power distribution systems. The 6kV-66kV distribution network often uses a transformer whose neutral point is not grounded, grounded via a resistor or grounded via an arc suppression line. Under normal circumstances, in a three-phase radial connection single-supply power distribution system, the fault component of the residual current on one outgoing line is equivalent to the ground fault current. For the traditional ground fault detection method, as long as the residual current is detected, the remaining The current and threshold are compared to reflect the ground fault. However, as the length of the line increases, the distributed capacitance on the sound line may also constitute a loop of residual current. The resulting problem is that the fault current caused by the fault line also flows through the circuit of the healthy line to ground capacitance, causing the protection detection device on the sound line to be erroneously detected as a ground fault due to an increase in residual current. Therefore, it is necessary to use the direction discrimination method to ensure the selectivity of fault detection.
[5] 传统的方向判别的方法需要电压和电流两种信息, 根据电压、 电流的相量的比 较来判断故障是否发生在该线路上。 由此带来的问题是保护或检测装置需要同 吋检测系统一次侧的电压和电流。 但是, 一方面, 一些实际系统的出线间隔没 有电压信号提供, 这样就只能应用简单的过流来检测接地故障; 另一方面, 加 入电压互感器传变的电压信号, 必然会提高检测系统的成本和复杂性。 [5] The traditional method of direction discrimination requires two kinds of information, voltage and current. It is judged whether the fault occurs on the line based on the comparison of the phasors of voltage and current. The resulting problem is that the protection or detection device requires the voltage and current on the primary side of the detection system. However, on the one hand, some actual system outlets are not provided with voltage signals, so only simple overcurrents can be used to detect ground faults; on the other hand, adding voltage signals transmitted by voltage transformers will inevitably improve the detection system. Cost and complexity.
[6] 在接地故障检测中的另一个难题就是变压器中性点经高阻接地的系统中单相接 地故障的检测。 中性点经高阻接地系统因为故障电路中有较大的阻抗, 导致故 障电流被限制在传统过流保护的动作阈值之下。 此吋, 仅仅依靠幅值无法辨识 出故障, 因此, 很多新的基于其他信号特征的方法被提出。 其中包括: 利用谐 波信息的方法: A.E.Emanuel在他的文章: 'High impedance fault arcing on sandy soil in 15 kV distribution feeders: contributions to the evaluation of the low frequency spectrum'中, 提到了接地故障特有的谐波, 包括二次和三次谐波。 并且在实验中
证实, 二次和三次谐波在较稳定的接地故障发生吋, 其相对系统电压的相位会 维持在一个稳定值附近。 D.LJeerings在 1990年就提出了利用谐波信息的高阻故障 检测装置 'HIFAS', 釆用三次谐波相对系统电压的相位变化作为故障检测和判断 的依据。 该方法将三次谐波作为高阻接地故障的特征, 其后很多衍生的方法都 是基于这样的低频谐波分量的想法的。 Texas A&M University (TAMU) 以 D.B.Russell为代表的研究人员从 1970年就幵始研究高阻接地故障的检测, 提出 了多种方法都在美国专利中有记录, 其中基于频谱分析的方法专利号为 US. 5578931 , 基于谐波电流和基波电压比较的方法的专利号为: 5659453。 谐波可 以看作是导致电流波形变化的主要成分, 因此能够反映因为接地故障的特殊性 (例如电弧每周波的过零熄灭和非线性接地电阻等) 而引起的电流波形的畸变 。 谐波检测并不是简单的利用电流的幅值信息, 能够更为有效的反应高阻故障 。 但是这些高阻检测方法仍然要求电压和电流信号都同吋存在。 因此仍然无法 作简单的过电流保护的直接替代。 [6] Another difficulty in ground fault detection is the detection of single-phase ground faults in systems where the neutral point of the transformer is grounded through high impedance. The neutral point through the high-resistance grounding system has a large impedance in the fault circuit, which causes the fault current to be limited to the operating threshold of the conventional overcurrent protection. Therefore, only the amplitude cannot be used to identify the fault, so many new methods based on other signal characteristics are proposed. These include: The use of harmonic information: AEEmanuel in his article: 'High impedance fault arcing on sandy soil in 15 kV distribution feeders: contributions to the evaluation of the low frequency spectrum', mentions the harmonics specific to the ground fault , including the second and third harmonics. And in the experiment It is confirmed that the second and third harmonics maintain a phase relative to the system voltage at a stable value after a relatively stable ground fault occurs. D.LJeerings proposed the high-impedance fault detection device 'HIFAS' using harmonic information in 1990, and used the phase change of the third harmonic relative to the system voltage as the basis for fault detection and judgment. This method characterizes the third harmonic as a high-impedance ground fault, and many of the subsequent methods are based on the idea of such low-frequency harmonic components. Texas A&M University (TAMU) Researchers represented by DBRussell have been investigating the detection of high-impedance ground faults since 1970. Various methods have been documented in US patents. The method based on spectrum analysis is US. 5578931 , The patent number based on the comparison of harmonic current and fundamental voltage is: 5659453. Harmonics can be seen as the main component that causes changes in the current waveform, and therefore can reflect the distortion of the current waveform caused by the particularity of the ground fault (such as the zero-crossing of the arc of the weekly wave and the non-linear grounding resistance). Harmonic detection is not a simple use of the amplitude information of the current, it can more effectively respond to high-resistance faults. However, these high-resistance detection methods still require both voltage and current signals to exist simultaneously. Therefore, direct replacement of simple overcurrent protection is still not possible.
[7] 发明内容 [7] Summary of the invention
[8] 本发明的目的是为克服已有技术的不足之处, 提出基于剩余电流谐波分量的单 相接地故障检测方法, 本发明通过谐波分量和基波分量的分析和比较, 识别故 障线路和非故障线路。 本方法仅仅利用电流信息, 就能够检测到故障发生的方 向, 选择出故障线路。 [8] The object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and to propose a single-phase ground fault detection method based on residual current harmonic components, and the present invention identifies faults by analyzing and comparing harmonic components and fundamental components. Lines and non-faulty lines. This method uses only the current information to detect the direction of the fault and select the faulty line.
[9] 本发明提出的一种基于剩余电流谐波分量的单相接地故障检测方法, 其特征在 于, 包括以下步骤: [9] A single-phase ground fault detection method based on residual current harmonic component proposed by the present invention is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1 ) 对馈线的电流进行持续釆样和计算, 获得馈线剩余电流的釆样值序列; 1) continuously sample and calculate the current of the feeder to obtain a sequence of sample values of the residual current of the feeder;
2 ) 将所述馈线剩余电流当前吋刻之前 N个周波的釆样值序列进行平均, 得至 1 平均釆样值序列, N为正整数; 2) averaging the sample sequence of the N cycles before the current residual current of the feeder is obtained, and obtaining a sequence of 1 average sample values, where N is a positive integer;
[12] 3 ) 将当前釆样得到的一个周波的釆样值序列, 减去所述平均釆样值序列, 得 到故障增量序列; [12] 3) subtracting the sequence of the average sample value from the sequence of the sample values of the current sample obtained by the current sample, and obtaining the sequence of fault increments;
[13] 4 ) 利用傅立叶变换计算所述故障增量序列三次谐波的幅值和相位以及基波的 幅值和相位, 用所述三次谐波的相位减去所述基波的相位, 得到馈线剩余电流 的相位差;
5 ) 如果所述馈线剩余电流的相位差进入预先设定的阈值范围 1, 判断该条馈线 发生疑似接地故障; [13] 4) calculating the amplitude and phase of the third harmonic of the fault incremental sequence and the amplitude and phase of the fundamental wave by using a Fourier transform, and subtracting the phase of the fundamental wave from the phase of the third harmonic, The phase difference of the residual current of the feeder; 5) if the phase difference of the residual current of the feeder enters a preset threshold range 1, determining that a suspect ground fault occurs in the feeder;
[15] 6 ) 判别所述疑似接地故障的持续吋间及发生次数, 确定故障事件为: 接地故 障、 间歇性接地故障、 暂态事件或噪声。 [15] 6) Determine the duration and number of occurrences of the suspected ground fault, and determine whether the fault event is: ground fault, intermittent ground fault, transient event or noise.
[16] 所述阈值范围 1的确定方法为: 通过分析得到在故障线路上三次谐波相对基波 的相位差为 180度, 在非故障线路上该相位差为 0度, 在实际工程应用中, 考虑 到测量和计算误差, 阈值范围 1应设为 180度的邻近区域, 例如, 可将阈值范围 1 设为 180度 ±60度。 [16] The method for determining the threshold range 1 is: by analyzing, the phase difference of the third harmonic relative to the fundamental wave on the fault line is 180 degrees, and the phase difference is 0 degree on the non-fault line, in practical engineering applications. Considering the measurement and calculation error, the threshold range 1 should be set to the adjacent area of 180 degrees. For example, the threshold range 1 can be set to 180 degrees ± 60 degrees.
[17] 所述疑似接地故障持续吋间及发生次数的判别釆用如下方法: [17] The method for determining the suspected ground fault for the duration and the number of occurrences is as follows:
[18] 如果疑似接地故障持续吋间超过故障吋间阈值, 则认为接地故障发生, 如果疑 似接地故障持续吋间超过暂态事件吋间阈值则认为暂态事件发生, 如果在预设 [19] 的全局复位吋间内, 发生了多次暂态事件, 则认为发生了间歇性接地故障。 [18] A suspected ground fault is considered to occur if the suspected ground fault continues to exceed the fault threshold during the day. If the suspected ground fault continues to exceed the transient threshold during the day, the transient event is considered to occur, if preset [19] During the global reset period, multiple transient events occur, and an intermittent ground fault is considered to have occurred.
[20] 所述故障吋间阈值、 暂态事件吋间阈值、 全局复位吋间和暂态事件发生的次数[20] The number of failure thresholds, transient events, thresholds, global resets, and transient events
, 都可以根据实际情况分析或依据工程经验进行设定, 例如, 设定故障吋间阈 值为 2-5秒, 暂态事件吋间阈值为 100-300毫秒, 全局复位吋间为 20-40秒, 暂态 事件发生的次数为 3-10次。 , can be based on actual situation analysis or according to engineering experience, for example, set the fault time threshold to 2-5 seconds, the transient event time threshold is 100-300 milliseconds, and the global reset time is 20-40 seconds. The number of transient events occurred 3-10 times.
[21] 本发明提出的另一种基于剩余电流谐波分量的单相接地故障检测方法, 其特征 在于, 包括以下步骤: [21] Another single-phase ground fault detection method based on residual current harmonic component proposed by the present invention is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1 ) 对馈线和中性点的电流进行持续釆样和计算, 得到中性点剩余电流的釆样 值序列和馈线剩余电流的釆样值序列; 1) Continuously sample and calculate the current of the feeder and the neutral point, and obtain a sequence of sample values of the residual current of the neutral point and a sequence of sample values of the residual current of the feeder;
2 ) 分别将所述中性点剩余电流和馈线剩余电流当前吋刻之前 N个周波的釆样 值序列进行平均, 得到中性点剩余电流的平均釆样值序列和馈线剩余电流的平 均釆样值序列, N为正整数; 2) averaging the sequence of the N-cycles of the residual current of the neutral point and the residual current of the feeder before the current engraving, respectively, and obtaining the average sample sequence of the residual current of the neutral point and the average sample of the residual current of the feeder. a sequence of values, N being a positive integer;
[24] 3 ) 分别将当前釆样得到的中性点剩余电流和馈线剩余电流的一个周波的釆样 值序列, 减去所述平均釆样值序列, 得到中性点剩余电流的故障增量序列和馈 线剩余电流的故障增量序列; [24] 3) respectively subtracting the sequence of the average sample of the residual current of the neutral point and the residual current of the feeder from the current sample, and obtaining the fault increment of the residual current of the neutral point Sequence of fault increments for sequence and feeder residual current;
[25] 4 ) 利用傅立叶变换计算所述两个故障增量序列的三次谐波的幅值和相位以及 基波的幅值和相位, 用所述三次谐波的相位减去所述基波的相位, 得到中性点
剩余电流的相位差和馈线剩余电流的相位差; [25] 4) calculating, by using a Fourier transform, the amplitude and phase of the third harmonic of the two fault increment sequences and the amplitude and phase of the fundamental wave, and subtracting the fundamental wave from the phase of the third harmonic Phase, get the neutral point a phase difference between the residual current and a phase difference of the residual current of the feeder;
5 ) 若中性点剩余电流的相位差减去馈线剩余电流的相位差后的结果进入预先 设定的阈值范围 2, 判断该条馈线发生疑似接地故障; 5) If the phase difference of the residual current of the neutral point minus the phase difference of the residual current of the feeder enters a preset threshold range 2, it is determined that a suspected ground fault occurs in the feeder;
[27] 6 ) 判别所述疑似接地故障的持续吋间及发生次数, 确定故障事件为: 接地故 障、 间歇性接地故障、 暂态事件或噪声。 [27] 6) Determine the duration and number of occurrences of the suspected ground fault, and determine whether the fault event is: ground fault, intermittent ground fault, transient event or noise.
[28] 所述阈值范围 2的确定方法为: 馈线剩余电流的三次谐波相对基波的相位差为 φ Ρ,中性点剩余电流的三次谐波相对基波的相位差为 (PRN,通过分析得到在发生故障 的馈线上,
在实际工程应用中 , 考虑到测量和计算误差, 阈值范围 2应设为 0度的邻近区域, 例如, 可将阈值 范围 2设为 ±60度。 [28] The threshold range 2 is determined by: the phase difference of the third harmonic of the residual current of the feeder relative to the fundamental wave is φ Ρ, and the phase difference of the third harmonic of the residual current of the neutral point with respect to the fundamental wave is (PRN, Analysis is obtained on the feeder that has failed, In practical engineering applications, the threshold range 2 should be set to a neighborhood of 0 degrees, taking into account measurement and calculation errors. For example, the threshold range 2 can be set to ±60 degrees.
[29] 所述疑似接地故障持续吋间及发生次数的判别釆用如下方法: [29] The method for judging the duration of the suspected ground fault and the number of occurrences is as follows:
[30] 如果疑似接地故障持续吋间超过故障吋间阈值, 则认为接地故障发生, 如果持 续吋间超过暂态事件吋间阈值则认为暂态事件发生, 如果在预设的全局复位吋 间内, 发生了多次暂态事件, 则认为发生了间歇性接地故障。 [30] If the suspected ground fault continues to exceed the fault threshold during the day, the ground fault is considered to occur. If the transient period exceeds the transient threshold, the transient event is considered to occur, if it is within the preset global reset. When a transient event occurs, it is considered that an intermittent ground fault has occurred.
[31] 所述故障吋间阈值、 暂态事件吋间阈值、 全局复位吋间和暂态事件发生的次数 , 都可以根据实际情况分析或依据工程经验进行设定, 例如, 设定故障吋间阈 值为 2-5秒, 暂态事件吋间阈值为 100-300毫秒, 全局复位吋间为 20-40秒, 暂态 事件发生的次数为 3- 10次。 [31] The fault time threshold, the transient event threshold, the global reset time, and the number of transient events can be set according to actual conditions or according to engineering experience. For example, setting the fault time The threshold is 2-5 seconds, the transient threshold is 100-300 milliseconds, the global reset is 20-40 seconds, and the transient events occur 3-10 times.
[32] 本发明的特点及效果: [32] Features and effects of the present invention:
[33] 本发明中的检测对象仍然是电流的基波和谐波分量, 和传统的高阻接地检测方 法类似, 关注的都是高阻接地故障引起的波形畸变, 但是不需要电压信号作为 比较量, 仅仅比较谐波成分和基波成分, 可以看作是釆用基波作为方向比较的 参考量, 而釆用谐波作为被比较量来实现上述的谐波分析和方向判别。 [33] The detection object in the present invention is still the fundamental and harmonic components of the current, similar to the conventional high-resistance grounding detection method, and concerns the waveform distortion caused by the high-resistance ground fault, but does not require a voltage signal as a comparison. The quantity, which only compares the harmonic component and the fundamental component, can be regarded as the reference value of the direction comparison using the fundamental wave, and the harmonics are used as the compared quantity to realize the above-mentioned harmonic analysis and direction discrimination.
[34] 因此, 本发明克服了传统过流保护无法进行缺少电压信号的方向判别, 同吋又 能够用于高阻接地故障的检测。 是对于传统的基于简单的过电流原理的接地故 障检测的一种实际的、 廉价的提高和补充。 [34] Therefore, the present invention overcomes the fact that the conventional overcurrent protection cannot perform the direction discrimination of the lack of the voltage signal, and can be used for the detection of the high resistance ground fault. It is a practical, inexpensive enhancement and addition to the traditional ground fault detection based on the simple overcurrent principle.
[35] 具体实施方式 [35] Specific implementation
[36] 实施例 1 :
实施例 1只需要釆集馈线的剩余电流, 不需要釆集中性点剩余电流。 其工作步 骤如下: [36] Example 1: In Embodiment 1, only the residual current of the feed line needs to be collected, and the residual current of the concentration point is not required. The working steps are as follows:
1 ) 对馈线的电流进行持续釆样和计算, 获得馈线剩余电流的釆样值序列 (可 利用馈线上的常规检测装置实现) ; 1) Continuously sample and calculate the current of the feeder to obtain a sequence of sample values of the residual current of the feeder (which can be realized by conventional detection devices on the feeder);
2 ) 将馈线剩余电流当前吋刻之前 6个周波的釆样值序列进行平均, 得到平均釆 样值序列; 2) averaging the sequence of the six cycles of the residual current of the feeder before the current engraving, to obtain an average sequence of sample values;
3 ) 将当前釆样得到的一个周波的釆样值序列, 减去平均釆样值序列, 得到故 3) subtracting the sequence of the average sample value from the sequence of a sample of the current sample obtained by the current sample,
[41] 4 ) 利用傅立叶变换计算故障增量序列的三次谐波幅值 A3和角速度 α3以及基波 幅值 A1和角速度 αι, 使用公式 α3-3χαι计算三次谐波相对基波的相位差, 得到馈 线剩余电流的相位差; [41] 4) Calculate the third harmonic amplitude A3 and the angular velocity α 3 of the fault incremental sequence and the fundamental amplitude A1 and the angular velocity αι using the Fourier transform, and calculate the phase of the third harmonic relative to the fundamental wave using the formula α 3 -3χ αι Poor, the phase difference of the residual current of the feeder is obtained;
[42] 5 ) 如果所述馈线剩余电流的相位差在 180度 ±60度的范围内, 则判断该条馈线 发生疑似接地故障; [42] 5) if the phase difference of the residual current of the feeder is within a range of 180 degrees ± 60 degrees, it is determined that a suspected ground fault occurs in the feeder;
[43] 6 ) 如果疑似接地故障持续吋间超过 2秒, 则认为接地故障发生, 如果持续吋间 超过 200毫秒则认为暂态事件发生, 如果在预设的 30秒内, 发生了 3次以上的暂 态事件, 则认为发生了间歇性接地故障。 [43] 6) If the suspected ground fault lasts for more than 2 seconds, the ground fault is considered to occur. If the continuous time exceeds 200 milliseconds, the transient event is considered to occur. If within the preset 30 seconds, more than 3 times occur. The transient event is considered to have an intermittent ground fault.
[44] 上述步骤中本实施例利用 3个计吋器和 1个计数器来完成上述功能, 一个全局定 吋器, 吋间为 30秒, 一个谐波故障定吋器, 吋间为 2秒, 一个暂态事件定吋器, 吋间为 200毫秒。 定吋器对上述的满足条件状态标志位进行计吋: [44] In the above steps, the present embodiment uses three timers and one counter to perform the above functions, a global timer, 30 seconds between turns, a harmonic fault timer, and 2 seconds between turns. A transient event timer, with a period of 200 milliseconds. The timer calculates the above-mentioned conditional status flag bits:
[45] 如果 '满足条件'标志位置位持续吋间大于接地故障吋间阈值 [45] If the 'satisfy condition' flag is set to be longer than the ground fault threshold
[46] 则故障报警为接地故障 [46] Then the fault alarm is a ground fault
[47] 如果 '满足条件'标志位置位持续吋间大于暂态事件吋间阈值 [47] If the 'satisfy condition' flag is consistently longer than the transient event threshold
[48] 则故障疑似为暂态事件并继续检测 [48] The fault is suspected to be a transient event and continues to be detected.
[49] 如果 '满足条件'标志位置位持续吋间小于暂态事件吋间阈值 [49] If the 'satisfy condition' flag is consistently less than the transient event threshold
[50] 则当作噪声, 不做任何处理 [50] is treated as noise, without any treatment
[51] 如果最终在全局定吋器计吋结束吋, 有 3次暂态事件 [51] If there is a final global event, there are 3 transient events.
[52] 则故障报警为间歇性接地故障。 [52] The fault alarm is an intermittent ground fault.
[53] 实施例 2:
[54] 实施例 2与实施例 1的不同之处, 是需要釆集和使用中性点剩余电流, 用中性点 剩余电流的相位差与馈线剩余电流相位差相减的结果, 来确定故障线路。 本实 施例中需要有两个常规的检测装置, 其中一个装置直接检测变电站中接地点流 入大地的电流; 另一个装置检测变电站中同一条母线上馈线的剩余电流。 两者 之间通过通信网络进行通信。 [53] Example 2: [54] The difference between Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 is that it is necessary to collect and use the residual current of the neutral point, and the phase difference of the residual current of the neutral point is subtracted from the phase difference of the residual current of the feeder to determine the fault. line. In this embodiment, two conventional detecting devices are required, one of which directly detects the current flowing into the ground at the grounding point in the substation; and the other device detects the residual current of the feeder on the same bus in the substation. Communication between the two is through a communication network.
[55] 实施例 2的方法与实施例 1的各步骤相类似, 只是增加对中性点剩余电流的处理 [55] The method of Embodiment 2 is similar to the steps of Embodiment 1, except that the processing of the residual current of the neutral point is increased.
(处理方法与馈线剩余电流的处理方法相同) , 仅仅步骤 5) 对疑似接地故障的 判据不同: 要比较某条馈线上的剩余电流和中性点流入大地的剩余电流中三次 谐波相对基波的大小和相位差。 若中性点剩余电流的相位差减去馈线剩余电流 的相位差后的结果进入预先设定的阈值范围 2 (±60度) , 则判断该条馈线发生 疑似接地故障。 (The processing method is the same as the processing method of the residual current of the feeder). Only the step 5) has different criteria for the suspected ground fault: To compare the residual current of a feeder and the residual current of the neutral point into the earth, the third harmonic relative base The size and phase difference of the wave. If the phase difference of the residual current of the neutral point minus the phase difference of the residual current of the feeder enters a preset threshold range 2 (±60 degrees), it is judged that a suspected ground fault has occurred in the feeder.
[56] 实施例 2需要检测中性点的剩余电流和馈线的剩余电流, 因此, 涉及检测装置 之间的通讯。 实施例 2在实现上较实施例 1复杂, 但是在原理上, 并不完全依赖 于故障电流的谐波特性, 可靠性更高。
[2] Embodiment 2 needs to detect the residual current of the neutral point and the residual current of the feeder, and therefore, involves communication between the detecting devices. Embodiment 2 is more complicated in implementation than Embodiment 1, but in principle, it does not depend entirely on the harmonic characteristics of the fault current, and the reliability is higher.
Claims
[Claim 1] 1.一种基于剩余电流谐波分量的单相接地故障检测方法, 其特征在 于, 包括以下步骤: [Claim 1] 1. A single-phase ground fault detection method based on residual current harmonic components, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1) 对馈线的电流进行持续釆样和计算, 获得馈线剩余电流的釆样 值序列; 1) Continuously sample and calculate the current of the feeder to obtain a sequence of sample values of the residual current of the feeder;
2) 将所述馈线剩余电流当前吋刻之前 N个周波的釆样值序列进行 平均, 得到平均釆样值序列, N为正整数; 2) averaging the sample values of the N cycles before the current residual current of the feeder is obtained, and obtaining an average sequence of sample values, where N is a positive integer;
3) 将当前釆样得到的一个周波的釆样值序列, 减去所述平均釆样 值序列, 得到故障增量序列; 3) subtracting the sequence of the average sample values from a sequence of sample values of the current sample obtained by the current sample to obtain a sequence of fault increments;
4) 利用傅立叶变换计算所述故障增量序列的三次谐波的幅值和相 位以及基波的幅值和相位, 用所述三次谐波的相位减去所述基波 的相位, 得到馈线剩余电流的相位差; 4) calculating the amplitude and phase of the third harmonic of the fault increment sequence and the amplitude and phase of the fundamental wave by using a Fourier transform, and subtracting the phase of the fundamental wave from the phase of the third harmonic to obtain the remaining of the feeder Phase difference of current;
5) 如果所述馈线剩余电流的相位差进入预先设定的阈值范围 1, 判断该条馈线发生疑似接地故障; 5) if the phase difference of the residual current of the feeder enters a preset threshold range 1, determining that a suspect ground fault occurs in the feeder;
6) 判别所述疑似接地故障的持续吋间及发生次数, 确定故障事件 为: 接地故障、 间歇性接地故障、 暂态事件或噪声。 6) Determine the duration and number of occurrences of the suspected ground fault, and determine whether the fault event is: ground fault, intermittent ground fault, transient event or noise.
[Claim 2] 2. 如权利要求 1所述方法, 其特征在于, 所述阈值范围 1设为 180 [Claim 2] 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the threshold range 1 is set to 180
度 ±60度。 Degree ± 60 degrees.
[Claim 3] 3.如权利要求 1中所述方法, 其特征在于, 所述疑似接地故障持续 吋间及发生次数的判别釆用如下方法: [Claim 3] 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the suspect ground fault is continuously determined and the number of occurrences is determined by the following method:
如果疑似接地故障持续吋间超过故障吋间阈值, 则认为接地故障 发生, 如果疑似接地故障持续吋间超过暂态事件吋间阈值则认为 暂态事件发生, 如果在预设的全局复位吋间内, 发生了多次暂态 事件, 则认为发生了间歇性接地故障。 If the suspected ground fault continues to exceed the fault threshold during the day, the ground fault is considered to occur. If the suspected ground fault continues to exceed the transient threshold during the day, the transient event is considered to occur, if it is within the preset global reset. When a transient event occurs, it is considered that an intermittent ground fault has occurred.
[Claim 4] 4.一种基于剩余电流谐波分量的单相接地故障检测方法, 其特征在 于, 包括以下步骤: [Claim 4] 4. A single-phase ground fault detection method based on residual current harmonic components, which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1) 对馈线和中性点的电流进行持续釆样和计算, 得到中性点剩余 电流的釆样值序列和馈线剩余电流的釆样值序列;
2) 分别将所述中性点剩余电流和馈线剩余电流当前吋刻之前 N个 周波的釆样值序列进行平均, 得到中性点剩余电流的平均釆样值 序列和馈线剩余电流的平均釆样值序列, N为正整数; 1) Continuously sample and calculate the current of the feeder and the neutral point, and obtain a sequence of sample values of the residual current of the neutral point and a sequence of sample values of the residual current of the feeder; 2) averaging the sequence of the N-cycles of the residual current of the neutral point and the residual current of the feeder before the current engraving, respectively, and obtaining the average sample sequence of the residual current of the neutral point and the average sample of the residual current of the feeder. a sequence of values, N being a positive integer;
3) 分别将当前釆样得到的中性点剩余电流和馈线剩余电流的一个 周波的釆样值序列, 减去所述平均釆样值序列, 得到中性点剩余 电流的故障增量序列和馈线剩余电流的故障增量序列; 3) respectively subtracting the sequence of the average sample of the residual current of the neutral point and the residual current of the feeder from the current sample, and obtaining the fault increment sequence and the feeder of the residual current of the neutral point A sequence of fault increments of residual current;
4) 利用傅立叶变换计算所述两个故障增量序列的三次谐波的幅值 和相位以及 4) calculating the amplitude and phase of the third harmonic of the two fault increment sequences using a Fourier transform and
基波的幅值和相位, 用所述三次谐波的相位减去所述基波的相位 , 得到中性点剩 The amplitude and phase of the fundamental wave, the phase of the fundamental wave is subtracted from the phase of the third harmonic, and the neutral point is obtained.
余电流的相位差和馈线剩余电流的相位差; The phase difference of the residual current and the phase difference of the residual current of the feeder;
5) 若中性点剩余电流的相位差减去馈线剩余电流的相位差后的结 果进入预先设定的阈值范围 2, 判断该条馈线发生疑似接地故障; 5) If the phase difference of the neutral residual current minus the phase difference of the residual current of the feeder enters a preset threshold range 2, it is determined that the feeder has a suspected ground fault;
6) 判别所述疑似接地故障的持续吋间及发生次数, 确定故障事件 为: 接地故障、 间歇性接地故障、 暂态事件或噪声。 6) Determine the duration and number of occurrences of the suspected ground fault, and determine whether the fault event is: ground fault, intermittent ground fault, transient event or noise.
[Claim 5] 5. 如权利要求 4所述方法, 其特征在于, 所述阈值范围 2为 ±60度 [Claim 5] 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the threshold range 2 is ±60 degrees
[Claim 6] 6.如权利要求 4中所述方法, 其特征在于, 所述疑似接地故障持续 吋间及发生次数的判别釆用如下方法: [Claim 6] 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the suspected ground fault is continuously determined and the number of occurrences is determined by the following method:
如果疑似接地故障持续吋间超过故障吋间阈值, 则认为接地故障 发生, 如果持续吋间超过暂态事件吋间阈值则认为暂态事件发生 , 如果在预设的全局复位吋间内, 发生了多次暂态事件, 则认为 发生了间歇性接地故障。
If the suspected ground fault continues to exceed the fault threshold during the day, the ground fault is considered to occur. If the transient period exceeds the transient threshold, the transient event is considered to occur. If the preset global reset occurs, it occurs. If there are multiple transient events, it is considered that an intermittent ground fault has occurred.
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EP2352038A4 (en) | 2014-07-09 |
CA2741425A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
EP2352038B1 (en) | 2015-07-01 |
US20110208449A1 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
CA2741425C (en) | 2016-05-10 |
CN101387682A (en) | 2009-03-18 |
EP2352038A1 (en) | 2011-08-03 |
US8918296B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 |
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