WO2010094737A1

WO2010094737A1 - System for recovering and reusing wastewater and rainwater in a group of dwellings

Info

Publication number: WO2010094737A1
Application number: PCT/EP2010/052040
Authority: WO
Inventors: André BODART
Original assignee: Fonciere De L'europe S.A.
Priority date: 2009-02-19
Filing date: 2010-02-18
Publication date: 2010-08-26
Also published as: FR2942249B1; EP2401439A1; FR2942249A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for recovering and reusing wastewater and rainwater in a housing-complex-type group of dwellings, comprising a plurality of dwellings (H1; H1'; H2; H3; H4) and a service room (CT) positioned approximately at the centre of the complex and connected to each dwelling by at least one water network. The aforementioned service room includes means for recovering and means for treating wastewater produced by the dwellings and means for recovering rainwater. In addition, the service room includes means for storing the treated wastewater and the rainwater so as to form and store grey water. The service room stores a first portion of the grey water under cold conditions and includes means for distributing the cold grey water, in particular for use in watering, in toilets and in washing cars. Furthermore, the service room stores a second portion of the grey water under hot conditions and includes means for distributing the hot grey water, in particular for use in the heating of the dwellings and the heating of the household hot water.

Description

System for the recovery and reuse of wastewater and rainwater from a housing complex

The present invention relates to a system for the recovery and reuse of wastewater and rainwater from a housing complex integrated into a sustainable development approach.

It is nowadays known to build homes with the aim of improving the impact on the environment, by acting in particular on the consumption of energy and water. It is also known to create housing projects, such as housing complexes, hamlets, subdivisions or buildings, so-called ecological, with the aim in particular to reduce the energy and water consumption of these units. .

However, none of the existing systems is truly optimal, and only partially addresses the problem of the environment and sustainable development.

The present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages. In particular, the object of the present invention is to propose a set of dwellings which makes it possible to optimize the parameters relating to energy consumption and water consumption, and this from a point of view of the individual dwelling, or of the group of dwellings taken collectively. The present invention also aims to provide such a set of homes, which is simple, fast and inexpensive to manufacture, and economical to use.

The subject of the present invention is therefore a system for recovering and reusing the wastewater and rainwater of a set of dwellings, of the real estate type, comprising a plurality of dwellings (H1, HV, H2, H3, H4), and a technical center (CT) disposed approximately in the center of said assembly, and connected to each dwelling by at least one water network, said technical center comprising recovery means and means for treating the wastewater from the dwellings, and means rainwater recovery, said technical center comprising means for storing said treated wastewater and said rain water for forming and storing greywater, said technical center storing a first portion of the greywater cold, and comprising distribution means said cold gray water, especially for watering, toilets and car washing, and said technical center storing a second portion of hot gray water, and including means for distributing said hot gray water, in particular for heating homes and the heating of domestic hot water. Advantageously, said wastewater treatment means comprise chemical treatment means and / or plant-based treatment means of the phyto-purification type.

Advantageously, each water network connecting said technical center to said dwellings of said assembly comprises at least one plate heat exchanger for transferring the heat of said hot gray water to the sanitary water to heat the latter.

Advantageously, each dwelling comprises heated and refreshing floors.

Advantageously, each floor having hot water piping for heating, and cold water piping for cooling.

Alternatively each floor having a single pipe receiving hot water for heating in cold period, and receiving cold water for cooling in hot weather. Advantageously, said at least one pipe comprises insulated pipes.

Advantageously, the technical center comprises means for heating said gray water stored hot, such as solar panels. Advantageously, the technical center comprises means for cooling said cold-stored gray water, said means of cooling system comprising a Canadian well comprising pipes extending underground, particularly at a depth of approximately one meter.

Advantageously, said hot gray water and / or said cold gray water are stored in insulated tanks. These and other advantages and features of the present invention will appear more clearly in the following detailed description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, given by way of non-limiting examples, and in which:

FIG. 1 shows an example of a ground plane of a set of dwellings according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, and

- Figure 2 is a diagram describing a heating floor according to an advantageous aspect of the invention.

The description that follows will be made in two parts, a first part concerning an individual dwelling, and the second part concerning the set of houses and its collective developments. It is obvious that to obtain the best results, a combination of the various parameters and solutions described below should be considered.

Regarding housing, or building more generally, a number of studies have shown that most of the impacts of a building's life cycle on the environment are due to the energy consumed during the course of a building. his life (heating, air conditioning, specific use of electricity, domestic hot water, etc.). The uses of fossil and nuclear energy have significant environmental impacts and the approach of high environmental quality (label HQE) as well as any approach that fits in a context of sustainable development necessarily involves the realization of buildings very energy efficient and, where possible through the use of renewable energy sources.

The present invention aims to design so-called passive housing, which allow in particular to meet the following performance criteria and main principles: > low heating requirements, typically less than 15 Kwh / m ² year;

> a good seal of the envelope, typically n50 <0.6 vol / hour; > a low primary energy consumed, typically less than

120 Kwhep / m ² year, and this all-purpose confused;

> a high heat recovery rate of the extracted air, typically> 75%;

> energy efficient appliances; > a low coefficient of heat loss, typically

U <0.15 W / m ² K for opaque walls and U <0.8 W / m ² K for windows and doors, to meet winter and summer comfort criteria.

In order to move towards a goal called "zero energy", in which housing creates all the energy it needs for its consumption, three types of optimizations are to be expected. On the one hand, the optimization of the envelope to reduce energy needs. This can be done by acting on the insulation of the facades and the roof, improving the insulation of the windows, optimizing the orientations for the passive inputs (sun and wind), and optimizing the openings with respect to the exposures. On the other hand, an optimization of the performances of the technical installations is desirable in order to avoid the waste. This can be done by reducing the losses of the heating system, by reducing the losses of the cooling system, and by using energy-saving terminals, such as low-temperature heating floors. Finally, the use of renewable energies by active systems allows energy production by free sources. This can be done in particular by developing solar thermal, solar photovoltaic and / or a geothermal sector. According to one advantageous aspect, the pole, beam and floor structure of the house are made of wood and / or glulam. The use of coverslip glued makes it possible to achieve large spans without posts, because of the high mechanical strength of this type of material. The facades are wood frame made in wood frame, typically set on a frame typically of 120 cm. The wooden frames that define the walls are sized to the doors and windows. The various fluids (electricity, plumbing, etc.) can then be easily drawn without having to bleed into existing walls. The facades preferably include an outer insulation, which may be formed by compressed wood panels, and an inner insulation, which may for example be formed of cellulose wadding. An embodiment particularly suitable for the present invention provides for making the facades with the following elements, going from the outside towards the inside: a facing 25 mm thick, an air gap of 25 mm. thickness, a 100 or 140 mm thick compressed wood panel, a vapor barrier (for example a sheet of kraft paper or similar), cellulose wadding thrown into wooden frames 160 or 120 mm thick, and finally a BA plate 18 with a thickness of 18 mm. Of course, other materials and other thicknesses are possible. The use of wood and / or glulam allows the construction of so-called low-inertia houses, especially due to smaller foundations and relatively light walls and floors. In addition, the use of pre-cut and / or pre-assembled wood elements is possible, unlike concrete constructions. The cost and time of construction are greatly reduced.

The frame may be of conventional type, and the roofs are advantageously made in single slope, which may be composed of one or more parallel roof pan (s). The frame of these single-pitched roofs can in particular be made in a farmhouse, and the attic is advantageously ventilated and the dwelling isolated by a wool mattress, typically 400 mm thick. The windows are made in double or triple glazing, the choice being particularly dependent on the climatic conditions. For example, in the north of France, triple glazing will be more efficient from a thermal point of view, whereas in the south of France, Double glazing lighter and less expensive may prove quite sufficient.

A dual flow ventilation system with heat pump is preferably provided. A dual-flow system involves blowing air into the main rooms and extracting air through a damp room. The use of a heat pump makes it possible to participate in the heating of rooms in winter and their cooling in summer. Pollen filters are advantageously designed to clean the air entering each home and prevent allergies. The heating is advantageously by the floor by emission at low temperature. In summer, this same floor can be used for refreshing rooms, as will be described in more detail below. The combination of thermal effects of soil and ventilation provides optimal effects.

An advantageous aspect of this type of construction is that each housing comprises four faces and therefore even if several dwellings are joined, there is no co-ownership since there is no shared common wall. The construction is fast, about six months, and the wood structure makes it easy to have a HQE construction site. All the materials used are recyclable at least 80%. All these criteria meet the ecological and sustainable development requirements that are becoming increasingly important.

The roofs are entirely made of photovoltaic, for example by an assembly ensuring both sealing and thermal insulation. For example, it is possible to use steel roofing system systems comprising an insulating underside and a photovoltaic system in the form of a thin film. Of course, other implementations are also possible.

Of course, each home will be equipped with low consumption light bulbs, and systems to limit water consumption will be installed in faucets, showers and toilets. In the same way, the interior paints will be chosen with a low concentration of VOC, typically less than 1 g / m ² , or even less. With an optimization of the different parameters, we can significantly reduce the energy and water consumption for each inhabitant, and thus significantly reduce the operating costs of the home. In order to further improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the invention, a plurality of dwellings as described above will be installed in a housing complex which has a certain number of characteristics making it possible to optimize energy consumption. and water from the real estate complex. According to a particularly advantageous aspect, these dwellings are arranged according to a particular mass plane, said circulade, around a common technical center disposed substantially in the center of the plot. Typically, the land to be used to make the housing complex shown in Figure 1 has an area of about 2 hectares and is preferably square. Of course, lots of all sizes and shapes could be considered. As shown in Figure 1, the land is cut into parcel strips that are intended to erase any axiality or orientation of the figure. Each band constituting one side of the square is interchangeable and invariably moves around the square, like faces of a "Rubik's cube". Typically, a strip comprises a row of dwellings, for example H4, associated with a common garage G4 and parking spaces P4. It is the same for the other two bands H2 and H3. The fourth band is formed by JP vegetable gardens described below. This principle of composition thus allows adaptability of the plan to any program, any environment and any social mix. The houses or buildings are of course oriented so as to give preference to living rooms in the south and / or in the east, particularly in the south of France, the south and / or the west, for the north of France. The initial plot is advantageously broken down into programmatic functions and specific uses, namely pleasure gardens highlighting the dwelling, independent parking and parking are planted, and vegetable gardens gathered encouraging especially the development of market gardening and / or fruit growing in urban areas.

Advantageously, each residential strip is therefore associated with a covered common garage whose single-slope roofs are formed of photovoltaic cells. Each garage contains single-phase and three-phase electrical outlets. In particular, the single-phase plugs allow a normal recharge to 100% in 6 to 7 hours for an electric car, while the three-phase plugs allow fast charging to 80% in about 30 minutes, depending on existing models. Of course, the technological advances in the field of electric cars will make it possible to obtain different performances, and even more so in the future. In addition to common garages, each home is associated with a parking space which is advantageously disconnected from the dwelling, the sidewalk being provided between the parking and the dwelling to improve the security of said sidewalks.

The central ground may comprise dwellings H1 and HV as shown in FIG. 1, as well as the technical center CT, preferably arranged in a non-constructed surface EV intended to receive green spaces and / or children's games and / or other amenity areas common to the property complex. As shown in Figure 1, the road R rotates around this central part of the complex, hence the name "circulade" given to this type of ensemble. It is of course possible to predict that several concentric roads are planned, if the real estate complex was to be of greater dimension. A major advantage of this type of provision is to be able to connect each dwelling of the real estate complex to the technical center CT by the shortest possible routes. This makes it possible to connect each home H1, H1 \ H2, H3, H4 to the technical center CT, via at least one water network and via at least one electrical network, for reasons which will be described below.

The purpose of this technical center is the treatment of wastewater and rainwater from the building complex. It can also ensure Centralized technical management from a heating, electricity and water point of view for the real estate complex. It can also include common rooms and other recreational facilities to promote the social system of the housing complex, for example mailboxes, containers for sorting waste, a gym and / or show, etc. .

Advantageously, each dwelling comprises first means for generating electricity, formed in particular by its photovoltaic roofs. Similarly, the housing unit comprises second means for generating electricity, formed in particular by the photovoltaic roofs of common garages G1, G2, G3 and G4, the photovoltaic roofs of garden shelters, described later, and the panels installed on the real estate complex, including the technical center CT. Optionally, said technical center may include means for storing electricity generated by said first and second means for generating electricity. Said technical center provides electrical energy management for all the homes of the set, by recovering and centralizing all the electricity created. According to one advantageous aspect, this energy is resold to the electricity supplier, for example EDF, at a favorable rate in accordance with the currently applicable rules. Alternatively, one could also store, and sell or redistribute this energy to the homes of all, or even provide a mixture of the two systems.

The treatment of wastewater and rainwater is a particularly advantageous aspect of the present invention. The wastewater can thus be partly or wholly recovered and treated to be converted into gray water. This treatment can be carried out chemically, or preferably by plants to carry out phyto-purification, typically in a closed space. This principle is known as "filter garden ^® ". The principle is the mobilization of metabolic processes of living organisms that digest organic pollutants. In addition to bacteria found in traditional activated sludge systems, these facilities are inoculated with two to three species of plants, animals and microbes. The biological degradation capacity of contaminants is increased by solar energy.

This gray water obtained after treatment of wastewater is obviously not drinking water and will not be reinjected into the drinking water system. It also rainwater, which mix with gray water. On the other hand, this gray water is quite suitable for use in toilets, as well as for watering, car washing, etc. Advantageously, this gray water is stored both cold, for car washing, watering, toilets, but also to allow a cooling of the air during hot weather as will be explained below, and On the other hand, it can be stored hot. For this purpose, it is preferable to use cold gray water tanks and / or insulated hot water tanks. For the heating of this gray water, preference is given to the solar path, for example by using solar panels, which can be arranged on the technical center, or elsewhere in the housing complex, for example in separate vegetable gardens. If necessary, it can provide additional heaters such as wood boilers, gas turbines or steam, or other known types of heating. For the cooling of gray water, the use of Canadian wells may be provided by circulating underground water pipes, typically about one meter deep. In this way, the water will have a constant temperature all around the year, around 12 °, with of course some possible variations especially in case of prolonged cold. In general, the use of a Canadian well can provide fresh water in summer, and not too cold water in winter. Advantageously, the pipes forming the Canadian well may extend under the central ground of the parcel. Insulated pipes can then be used for the cold gray water and / or the hot gray water, and the network advantageously comprises several loops which all end up in the technical center. In the example shown in Figure 1, four hot gray water pipe loops and four cold gray water pipe loops are advantageously provided, respectively for homes H1 and H1 \ H2, H3 and H4, in order to reduce the energy losses of these loops, even for the most distant dwellings of the technical center CT. Advantageously, the gray water is used to carry out heating or cooling by the soil in dwellings. Figure 2 shows an example of a heated / cooling floor in which a first hot water pipe for heating and a second cold water pipe for cooling are passed. Alternatively, a single insulated piping may be used, receiving hot gray water when it is necessary to heat, and receiving cold gray water when it is necessary to cool. Hot gray water can also be used to heat domestic hot water. For this purpose, plate exchangers are provided, so that there is no contact between the drinking water and the gray water, the heat transfer being carried out by the plate heat exchangers. If necessary, electric water heaters can take over to complete the heating of the sanitary water. Advantageously, several heat exchangers are provided for each hot gray water loop.

The recovery of wastewater and rainwater to make gray water suitable for heating and for cold applications reduces the consumption of drinking water by 30 to 40%. This is very important, especially to generate savings on wastewater treatment plants. In fact, it is often the wastewater treatment plants that limit the number of dwellings per plot, and a reduction in the consumption of drinking water of 30 to 40% for a housing complex such as that represented in FIG. therefore to increase by the same number of dwellings on a parcel of identical size. This aspect is, of course, very important, especially in the case of social rental or rental housing.

Thanks to this reduction in the energy and water consumption, as well as to the advantageous energy efficiency of the dwellings themselves, a housing complex as shown in FIG. 1 makes it possible to be self-sufficient energetically, and even create more energy than it needs for its current consumption. Thus, when the energy produced is resold to the electricity supplier, this resale is currently higher price than the price at which each house buys its electricity. As the quantity of electricity sold is generally greater than the quantity of electricity purchased, and the selling price being higher than the purchase price, it is clear that the balance sheet is largely positive for the inhabitants of the property complex. In all cases, including if the electricity produced by the building complex was reused rather than resold, the invention promotes a reduction in charges for the inhabitants of the housing complex. In addition, the energy creation is mainly obtained by solar energy, and it is a totally renewable and non-polluting energy.

An important advantage of centralized technical management is maintenance and upkeep, which must be performed by competent professionals. This maintenance and maintenance does not only concern the technical center CT, but also all the technical equipment connected to the houses, which can thus be managed more reliably, more efficiently and less expensive. For example, a heat pump and a pollen filter can be provided for ventilation of several homes, for example four or five, without risk of poor maintenance by individuals. In general, the technical center and the centralized technical managements allow a global mutualization of the technical equipments and their maintenance, presenting important economic and ecological advantages.

As can be seen in the right part of FIG. 1, kitchen gardens or separate workmen JP can be provided, each garden comprising a shelter that can have a photovoltaic roof and / or solar panels, to generate energy, and being connected to the gray water network of the housing complex or hamlet to ensure watering. Vegetable gardens gathered away from homes have significant advantages, including being able to occupy a non-buildable area, contrary to what would be the case if each individual garden was attached directly to his home. Thus, the fact of detaching the land corresponding to these vegetable gardens from the land of dwellings the number of dwellings per plot, and thus a better use of the COS by reducing the land area useful for the construction of housing. In addition, housing upstairs can also benefit from their vegetable garden.

Of course, the present invention has only been described by way of example with reference to a particular embodiment, but it is understood that the person skilled in the art can make any modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention. as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

claims

1.- system for recovering and reusing the wastewater and rainwater of a housing complex, of the housing complex type, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of dwellings (H1, HV, H2, H3, H4); and a technical center (CT) disposed approximately in the center of said assembly, and connected to each dwelling by at least one water network, said technical center including recovery means and means for treating the wastewater from the dwellings, and rainwater recovery means, said technical center comprising means for storing said treated wastewater and said rainwater to form and store greywater, said technical center storing a first portion of the greywater cold, and comprising means for distribution of said cold gray water, especially for watering, toilets and car washing, and said technical center storing a second part of the gray water while hot, and both distribution means of said hot gray water, especially for heating homes and heating hot water.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein said wastewater treatment means comprise chemical treatment means and / or herbal treatment means, phyto-purification type.

3.- System according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each water network connecting said technical center to said dwellings of said assembly comprises at least one plate heat exchanger for transferring the heat of said hot gray water to the domestic water to heat the latter.

4. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each dwelling comprises heated and cooling floors.

5. System according to claim 4, wherein each floor having a pipe of hot water for heating, and a pipe of cold water for cooling.

6. The system of claim 4, wherein each floor having a single pipe receiving hot water for heating in cold period, and receiving cold water for cooling in hot weather.

7. System according to claim 5 or 6, wherein said at least one pipe comprises insulated pipes.

8. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the technical center comprises means for heating said gray water stored hot, such as solar panels.

9. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the technical center comprises means for cooling said cold-stored greywater, said cooling means comprising a Canadian well comprising pipes extending underground, including about one meter deep.

10. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said hot gray water and / or said cold gray water are stored in insulated tanks.