WO2010106396A1 - A microstrip phased array antenna - Google Patents
A microstrip phased array antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010106396A1 WO2010106396A1 PCT/IB2009/051063 IB2009051063W WO2010106396A1 WO 2010106396 A1 WO2010106396 A1 WO 2010106396A1 IB 2009051063 W IB2009051063 W IB 2009051063W WO 2010106396 A1 WO2010106396 A1 WO 2010106396A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- phased array
- array antenna
- antenna
- microstrip
- base element
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a microstrip phased array antenna wherein the radiation pattern can be shifted in certain time intervals at different angles.
- RFID systems have started to occupy a greater space in daily life as time goes by, by easing the living conditions and accelerating life.
- Today, the said systems are used in many different areas such as production processes and warehouse tracking, security cards and entry - exit systems, retailing sector security and sales systems.
- RFID systems differ from each other in terms of operation frequency and power supply. They are divided into four groups in terms of frequency, namely low frequency (125 KHz), high frequency (13.56 MHz), ultra high frequency (867 MHz) and microwave (2.45 GHz); and into three groups in terms of power supply, namely active, semi-active and passive.
- One of the RFID systems used is the passive UHF RFID systems defined by ETSI for the 1st region in between 865.7 MHz and 867.7 MHz.
- the greatest advantage of using passive systems is that RFID tags have low costs and they can be produced easily. Additionally, due to their slim form made of paper, the tags can be conveniently attached on the element that is desired to be monitored. However, the said passive systems have a much smaller operation distance and thus a lower coverage compared to the active systems. For this reason, areas of use of passive systems are restricted despite the above described advantages thereof.
- the operation distance of passive RFID tag is determined by the power provided to the integrated circuit located in the tag antenna.
- the power operating the integrated circuit should be increased. The said power depends on the power sent and the transceiver antenna gains.
- Passive bi-static systems accommodate two transceiver antennas in the RFID reader part. Change in the reader circuit structure indirectly impacts on the coverage of the RFID system. If a reader has two antennas, such a system operating with passive tags because the communication from the tag to the reader is completely based on retroreflection can be compared to a radar system.
- the International patent document no. WO9610276 discloses small microstrip antennas used in electronic devices.
- the radiating patches which are among the antenna elements, are aligned in a 2*2 array such that all of them are oriented in the same direction. As shown in the figures, the radiating patches are square or rectangular.
- Each of the said patches receives the energy required for its operation via a microstrip feed line from a power source located off the antenna. Additionally, it is mentioned in the said document that the patches can operate and can be energized in different phases.
- the Unites States patent document no. US5661494 discloses a microstrip antenna.
- the radiating elements located in the said antenna are aligned in a square or rectangular shape and have two feed points. Furthermore, the elements provided in the said document can also operate in different phases.
- microstrip antennas employed in the above mentioned International patent document no. WO9610276 and the United States patent, document no. US5661494, obtain fixed beams by using a fixed microstrip feeding structure. For this reason, the overall coverage areas of this type of antennas decreases although they attain gain in a certain direction. Besides, since phase shifting is not defined in the said array antennas with fixed beams for time intervals, these antennas can not provide sufficient information regarding the direction and place of the RFID tags.
- the Unites States patent document no. US4933680 discloses an antenna system.
- the system comprises antenna arrays having an antenna elements array located on the microstrip dielectric layer.
- Each antenna element is comprised of various subassembly elements. These elements are as follows: a phase shifter connected to the input terminal of the antenna element, a power divider connected to a transceiver, a read-only memory which stores the commands coming to the phase shifters for realizing transmission of a radiation beam by the antenna.
- Also provided in the transceiver are the memory and a beam selector wherein commands are transmitted to the phase shifter for transmitting a beam in a specific direction. The beam can be shifted to different directions by performing different phase shifting from various phase shifters.
- the objective of the present invention is to realize a microstrip phased array antenna which enables to extend the coverage while increasing the operation distance.
- Another objective of the present invention is to realize a microslrip phased array antenna which enables obtaining information about the position and movement direction of the tag within the RFID system.
- a microstrip phased array antenna realized to fulfill the objective of the present invention is illustrated in the accompanying figure, in which,
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of a microstrip phased array antenna.
- a microstrip phased array antenna (1) of the invention comprises
- the inventive microslrip phased array antenna (1 ) is for extending the range and coverage of the UHF RFID systems and it has an operation frequency of 867 MHz (GEN 2 Protocol).
- the dielectric constant of the base element (2) located in the microstrip phased array antenna (1) is 4.5 and the height thereof is 1.575 millimeters.
- the last status of the radiation pattern of the inventive microstrip phased array antenna (1) can be found by knowing the array factor. This is because the radiation pattern of the array antenna (1) equals to the radiation pattern of a single antenna element (3) multiplied by the array factor.
- the array factor changes with the phase difference and shapes the pattern of a single antenna element (3) in a different desired way.
- the array factor depends on the distance between the antenna elements (3), the total number of antenna elements (3), feeding current phase difference and feeding power magnitude and the operation frequency.
- the distance between the antenna elements (3) in the inventive microstrip phased array antenna (1) is 0.4 ⁇ in the x direction and 0.3 ⁇ in the y direction. Furthermore, in order for the radiation direction between the arms in the x direction located at the array antenna (1) to be directed ⁇ 30 degrees, the phase difference should be ⁇ 120 degrees.
- the main radiation beam is shifted to two different points by means of the phase shifter (5) provided in the inventive microstrip phased array antenna (1). This way, upon the radiation pattern of the array antenna (1) obtaining two different radiation beams, the coverage and the operation distance increase.
Abstract
The present invention relates to a microstrip phased array antenna (1) for extending the range and coverage of the UHF RFID systems, which has an operation frequency of 867 MHz (GEN 2 Protocol) and comprises at least four antenna elements (3), at least three power dividers (4), at least one phase shifter (5) and at least one base element (2) on which the said elements (3, 4, 5) are placed.
Description
A MICROSTRIP PHASED ARRAY ANTENNA
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a microstrip phased array antenna wherein the radiation pattern can be shifted in certain time intervals at different angles.
Prior Art
RFID systems have started to occupy a greater space in daily life as time goes by, by easing the living conditions and accelerating life. Today, the said systems are used in many different areas such as production processes and warehouse tracking, security cards and entry - exit systems, retailing sector security and sales systems. RFID systems differ from each other in terms of operation frequency and power supply. They are divided into four groups in terms of frequency, namely low frequency (125 KHz), high frequency (13.56 MHz), ultra high frequency (867 MHz) and microwave (2.45 GHz); and into three groups in terms of power supply, namely active, semi-active and passive.
One of the RFID systems used is the passive UHF RFID systems defined by ETSI for the 1st region in between 865.7 MHz and 867.7 MHz. The greatest advantage of using passive systems is that RFID tags have low costs and they can be produced easily. Additionally, due to their slim form made of paper, the tags can be conveniently attached on the element that is desired to be monitored. However, the said passive systems have a much smaller operation distance and thus a lower coverage compared to the active systems. For this reason, areas of use of passive systems are restricted despite the above described advantages thereof.
One way of increasing the coverage distance of passive systems is use of multi- static systems instead of bi-static systems. The operation distance of passive RFID tag is determined by the power provided to the integrated circuit located in the tag
antenna. In other words, in order to increase the operation distance of a passive system, the power operating the integrated circuit should be increased. The said power depends on the power sent and the transceiver antenna gains.
Passive bi-static systems accommodate two transceiver antennas in the RFID reader part. Change in the reader circuit structure indirectly impacts on the coverage of the RFID system. If a reader has two antennas, such a system operating with passive tags because the communication from the tag to the reader is completely based on retroreflection can be compared to a radar system.
The International patent document no. WO9610276, within the state of the art, discloses small microstrip antennas used in electronic devices. The radiating patches, which are among the antenna elements, are aligned in a 2*2 array such that all of them are oriented in the same direction. As shown in the figures, the radiating patches are square or rectangular. Each of the said patches receives the energy required for its operation via a microstrip feed line from a power source located off the antenna. Additionally, it is mentioned in the said document that the patches can operate and can be energized in different phases.
The Unites States patent document no. US5661494 discloses a microstrip antenna. The radiating elements located in the said antenna are aligned in a square or rectangular shape and have two feed points. Furthermore, the elements provided in the said document can also operate in different phases.
The microstrip antennas employed in the above mentioned International patent document no. WO9610276 and the United States patent, document no. US5661494, obtain fixed beams by using a fixed microstrip feeding structure. For this reason, the overall coverage areas of this type of antennas decreases although they attain gain in a certain direction. Besides, since phase shifting is not defined in the said array antennas with fixed beams for time intervals, these antennas can
not provide sufficient information regarding the direction and place of the RFID tags.
The Unites States patent document no. US4933680 discloses an antenna system. The system comprises antenna arrays having an antenna elements array located on the microstrip dielectric layer. Each antenna element is comprised of various subassembly elements. These elements are as follows: a phase shifter connected to the input terminal of the antenna element, a power divider connected to a transceiver, a read-only memory which stores the commands coming to the phase shifters for realizing transmission of a radiation beam by the antenna. Also provided in the transceiver are the memory and a beam selector wherein commands are transmitted to the phase shifter for transmitting a beam in a specific direction. The beam can be shifted to different directions by performing different phase shifting from various phase shifters.
In the Unites States patent document no. US4933680, since the bandwidth of a single microstrip antenna in the array antenna is limited, the bandwidth is desired to be increased and each antenna element is configured as 3 different antennas connected to each other by circulators. Mainly, the antenna element of the array antenna comprised υf the resonator operating in these 3 different frequencies is described as a structure. The said antenna system has a complicated structure and the direction of the beams can not be changed when desired. Furthermore, it does not allow receiving information about the position and movement direction of the tag within the RFID system.
Summary of the Invention
The objective of the present invention is to realize a microstrip phased array antenna which enables to extend the coverage while increasing the operation distance.
Another objective of the present invention is to realize a microslrip phased array antenna which enables obtaining information about the position and movement direction of the tag within the RFID system.
Detailed Description of the Invention
A microstrip phased array antenna realized to fulfill the objective of the present invention is illustrated in the accompanying figure, in which,
Figure 1 is a schematic view of a microstrip phased array antenna.
The parts in the figure are individually numbered where the numbers refer to the following:
1. Microstrip phased array antenna
2. Base element
3. Antenna element
4. Power divider
5. Phase shifter
A microstrip phased array antenna (1) of the invention comprises
- at least one electrically conductive base element (2),
- at least 4 antenna elements (3) which are located on the base element (2) and which radiate at 867 MHz with a return loss of 22 dB at the said frequency, wherein 10 dB return loss bandwidth is 15 MHz,
- at least three power dividers (4) which are located on the base element (2) and which divide the power equally with an insertion loss of 0.2 dB,
- at least one phase shifter (5) which is located on the base element (2) and which shifts the phase 120 degrees with an insertion loss of 0.1 dB.
The inventive microslrip phased array antenna (1 ) is for extending the range and coverage of the UHF RFID systems and it has an operation frequency of 867 MHz (GEN 2 Protocol).
The dielectric constant of the base element (2) located in the microstrip phased array antenna (1) is 4.5 and the height thereof is 1.575 millimeters. The last status of the radiation pattern of the inventive microstrip phased array antenna (1) can be found by knowing the array factor. This is because the radiation pattern of the array antenna (1) equals to the radiation pattern of a single antenna element (3) multiplied by the array factor. The array factor changes with the phase difference and shapes the pattern of a single antenna element (3) in a different desired way. The array factor depends on the distance between the antenna elements (3), the total number of antenna elements (3), feeding current phase difference and feeding power magnitude and the operation frequency.
The distance between the antenna elements (3) in the inventive microstrip phased array antenna (1) is 0.4λ in the x direction and 0.3λ in the y direction. Furthermore, in order for the radiation direction between the arms in the x direction located at the array antenna (1) to be directed ±30 degrees, the phase difference should be ±120 degrees.
The main radiation beam is shifted to two different points by means of the phase shifter (5) provided in the inventive microstrip phased array antenna (1). This way, upon the radiation pattern of the array antenna (1) obtaining two different radiation beams, the coverage and the operation distance increase.
Within the scope of this basic concept, it is possible to develop various embodiments of the inventive microstrip phased array antenna (1). The invention can not be limited to the examples described herein and it is essentially according to the claims.
Claims
1. A microslrip phased array antenna (1) having an operation frequency of
867 MHz (GEN 2 Protocol), comprising at least one electrically conductive base element (2), at least 4 antenna elements (3) which are located on the base element (2) and which radiate at 867 MHz with a return loss of 22 dB at the said frequency, wherein 10 dB return loss bandwidth is 15 MHz, and characterized by at least three power dividers (4) which are located on the base element (2) and which divide the power equally with an insertion loss of 0.2 dB, at least one phase shifter (5) which is located on the base element (2) and which shifts the phase 120 degrees with an insertion loss of 0.1 dB.
2. A microstrip phased array antenna (1) according to Claim 1, characterized by a base element (2) with a dielectric constant of 4.5 and a height of 1.575 millimeters.
3. A microstrip phased array antenna (1) according to Claim 1 and 2, characterized by antenna elements (3) wherein the distance between them is 0.4λ in the x direction and 0.3λ in the y direction.
4. A microstrip phased array antenna (1) according to Claim 1, 2 and 3, characterized by arms in x direction between which the phase difference is ±120 degrees.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2009/051063 WO2010106396A1 (en) | 2009-03-16 | 2009-03-16 | A microstrip phased array antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2009/051063 WO2010106396A1 (en) | 2009-03-16 | 2009-03-16 | A microstrip phased array antenna |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2010106396A1 true WO2010106396A1 (en) | 2010-09-23 |
Family
ID=41202487
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2009/051063 WO2010106396A1 (en) | 2009-03-16 | 2009-03-16 | A microstrip phased array antenna |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2010106396A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102547791A (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2012-07-04 | 北京邮电大学 | Method and device for detecting movement direction of mobile terminal based on radio-frequency wireless signals |
| WO2015062473A1 (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2015-05-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | Base station antenna |
| CN110247158A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-09-17 | 北京星网锐捷网络技术有限公司 | A kind of UHF RFID reader antenna and switching method |
| CN110739544A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-31 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | ultra-wideband conformal phased-array antenna beam control system and method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0688040A2 (en) * | 1994-06-13 | 1995-12-20 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Bidirectional printed antenna |
| US5617103A (en) * | 1995-07-19 | 1997-04-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Ferroelectric phase shifting antenna array |
| US6121933A (en) * | 1995-12-13 | 2000-09-19 | Ail Systems, Inc. | Dual near-field focused antenna array |
| US6873301B1 (en) * | 2003-10-07 | 2005-03-29 | Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. | Diamond array low-sidelobes flat-plate antenna systems for satellite communication |
| JP2008048077A (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2008-02-28 | Brother Ind Ltd | Radio communication apparatus |
| US20090002165A1 (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2009-01-01 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Method and system of determining a location characteristic of a rfid tag |
-
2009
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0688040A2 (en) * | 1994-06-13 | 1995-12-20 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Bidirectional printed antenna |
| US5617103A (en) * | 1995-07-19 | 1997-04-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Ferroelectric phase shifting antenna array |
| US6121933A (en) * | 1995-12-13 | 2000-09-19 | Ail Systems, Inc. | Dual near-field focused antenna array |
| US6873301B1 (en) * | 2003-10-07 | 2005-03-29 | Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. | Diamond array low-sidelobes flat-plate antenna systems for satellite communication |
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| Title |
|---|
| RICHARD C. JOHNSON: "Antenna engineering handbook, fixed beam microstrip arrays", 1993, MCGRAW-HILL, INC., US, NEW YORK, XP002552504 * |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102547791A (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2012-07-04 | 北京邮电大学 | Method and device for detecting movement direction of mobile terminal based on radio-frequency wireless signals |
| CN102547791B (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2014-06-18 | 北京邮电大学 | Method and device for detecting movement direction of mobile terminal based on radio-frequency wireless signals |
| WO2015062473A1 (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2015-05-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | Base station antenna |
| US10446926B2 (en) | 2013-10-28 | 2019-10-15 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Base station antenna |
| US11563268B2 (en) | 2013-10-28 | 2023-01-24 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Base station antenna |
| CN110247158A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-09-17 | 北京星网锐捷网络技术有限公司 | A kind of UHF RFID reader antenna and switching method |
| CN110739544A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-31 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | ultra-wideband conformal phased-array antenna beam control system and method |
| CN110739544B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-01-19 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Ultra-wideband conformal phased array antenna beam control system and method |
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