WO2011055403A1 - Mechanically static electromagnetic apparatus for accelerating electrically neutral molecules utilizing their dipolar electric moment - Google Patents

Abstract

An electromagnetic device for accelerating electrically neutral molecules of a substance is characterized by the fact of comprising: - a Treating Tube (14) in non-conducting material, into which the substance to be treated is introduced; - static electromagnetic circuits that surround the above Treating Tube exerting on the substance to be treated electromagnetic actions which push it axially, by utilizing the dipolar electric moment of the molecules. The treating method of the molecules accelerates said molecules utilizing their weak dipolar electric moment, subjecting them to a combination of a magnetic field and an electric one or, in alternative, of a magnetic field and one at Hertz waves, alternating and isofrequential, utilizing the Lorentz force of electrology.

Description

MECHANICALLY STATIC ELECTROMAGNETIC APPARATUS FOR ACCELERATING ELECTRICALLY NEUTRAL MOLECULES UTILIZING THEIR DIPOLAR ELECTRIC MOMENT

The present invention has as object a mechanically static electromagnetic apparatus for accelerating electrically neutral molecules utilizing their weak dipolar electric moment and the Lorentz force of electrology.

The apparatus finds employment as:

a) pump for liquids,

b) compressor for gases,

c) propeller for solid substances (in pieces, powder or suspension in liquids), d) generator of electricity fed by fluids under pressure,

e) flow indicator for fluids,

f) separator of chemical components in liquid or gas phase,

g) separator of isotopes of atoms.

The electromagnetic device object of the present patent has two groups of main applications:

• applications group A as motor/generator,

• applications group B as separator of chemical-physical components.

A) For the APPLICATIONS GROUP A in the present technique it is resorted, generally, for the propulsion of fluids, to a combination [rotatory electric motor - centrifugal pump] in the case of motors and to one [turbine - rotatory electric motor] in the case of generators of electric energy. There are evident the disadvantages connected to the presence in the apparatuses of mobile parts, of sliding or rolling contacts, of seal surfaces of fluids (even corrosive and sometimes very dangerous, as those treated in the nuclear power stations) and, altogether, to the employment of apparatuses complicated and in many cases encumbering, with low energetic yields mainly due to the necessity of transforming a rotatory motion into a linear one and vice-versa.

B) For the APPLICATIONS GROUP B the separation of components with physical methods (excluding that with chemical methods) is made, in the present technique, mainly through the complex and sometimes very expensive process of fractional destination of chemical-physical components in liquid phase, with previous liquefaction of the start mixture, if in gas form. The destination is made in columns, generally at trays, utilizing the difference between the boiling points of the components. The separation by means of centrifuges is employed only in some cases, as for the isotopes of uranium. Let's take into consideration, for example, the separation by destination of a mixture of the two hydrocarbons propane and propylene in a tray column. In corrispondence of an intermediate tray the feed is introduced. From the top tray it is extracted in vapour phase the more volatile component (propylene), which is condensed. A part of the condensate is re-introduced into the top plate as "reflux", and this can be in quantity even by several times greater than that of the useful part extracted. From the bottom tray, in correspondence of which the heat for the evaporation of the liquid is supplied, the less volatile component (propane) is extracted. For one ton of mixture it can be necessary to evaporate even several tons of liquid. In the column a tray is an "enrichment element" in the more volatile component. This enrichment is obtained by creating in the tray a chemical-physical equilibrium between a liquid phase and a gas one, in which the concentration of the more volatile component in the vapour is higher than that in the liquid.

In this context, the aim of the present invention is that of proposing a very innovative electromagnetic device that can allow for the above applications great simplifications and savings in costs. The device in question, comprising the characteristics shown in one or more of the attached Claims, allows to obtain good results in attaining such aim, above all for the presence exclusively of static parts and for the direct linear acceleration of the substances to be treated without the necessity of transforming a rotatory motion into a linear one or vice-versa.

The characteristics and the advantages of the present invention will appear more clear from the indicative, and therefore not limiting, description of two forms of realization, preferred but not exclusive, of the device in question, as propeller (Base Project A) and as separator of components (Base Project B), according to what shown in the attached drawings, in which:

• Fig. 1 shows a propeller (pump for liquids);

• Fig. 1a shows section A-A of Fig. 1;

• Fig. 2 shows a separator of chemical components;

• Fig. 2a shows section A-A of Fig. 2;

• Fig. 3-A shows wave forms of the vectors electric field strength E and magnetic induction B in a first chemical-physical case;

• Fig. 3-B shows wave forms of the vectors electric field strength E and magnetic induction B in a second chemical-physical case;

• Fig. 4 shows a propeller as that of Fig. 1 realized by replacing the electric field strength E with Hertz waves;

• Fig. 4a shows section A-A of Fig. 4.

The principle of operation at the basis of the present invention is described in the following.

As is known, the phenomenon of the production, in an atom or a molecule, of a dipolar electric moment is called electric polarization. Such polarization can be spontaneous (caused by internal interactions in a multiatomic molecule between the positive electric charges and the negative ones), induced (by external electromagnetic fields), or combined between the two previous types.

The types of electric polarization, already described in the specific literature, are the molecular, electronic, atomic and interfacial (or ionic) polarizations.

In a (monoatomic or multiatomic) molecule the center-of-mass of the positive electric charges (atom nuclei) and that of the negative ones (peripheral orbital electrons of the atoms) can be non-coincident, due to phenomenon either intrinsic relating to the structure of a multiatomic molecule or induced by an external electric field. The product of the value of the total positive charge of the molecule by the distance between the centers-of-mass of the positive and negative charges forms a dipolar electric moment.

The behaviour of the molecule under the action of external electromagnetic fields due to the effect of its dipolar electric moment can be schematized as that of the complex of a theoretical electron ("equivalent electron") and a theoretical equivalent antagonist positron both solid with the same molecule, lying along the axis connecting the centers-of-mass of the positive and negative electric charges (electric axis) , and separated by an "equivalent arm of dipolar moment" δ.

Indicating with [e] the electri charge, in absolute value, of the electron, the dipolar electric moment is given by the product [e-δ] and can be measured in the unit [e m] (electron-meter). In the literature it is, generally, measured in the unit [C m] (Coulomb-meter) or in the unit [D] (Debye), being 1 D equivalent to

[3.336- 10^"30 C m] or [0.2082- 10^"10 e m]. For water it is 1.85 D, equivalent to [0.3852- 10^"10 e m], resulting in [δ = 0.3852- 10^"10 m = 0.3852 A].

With reference to Fig. 1 , a substance under treatment (liquid, in gas form or solid) is subjected, in a Treating Chamber 1, consisting, as real single constructive element, in a stretch of suitable length of a Treating Tube 14, in non-conductive material and internally empty, to the action of an alternating magnetic field at waves generally sinusoidal (but that can be also rectangular or rectangular with rounded- off corners), with vector "magnetic induction" B perpendicular to the direction of the thrust to be obtained and, simultaneously, to an alternating electric field, isofrequential and with the same characteristics in regard to the form of the wave, with vector "electric field strength" E perpendicular to both B and to the direction of the thrust.

In the following treatment let's consider the case of the molecular polarization.

However, it is pointed out that in all types of polarization the phenomenon of the production of the periodical thrust in a same oriented direction is identical to that of the molecular polarization.

In the present invention there are included all types of waves, sinusoidal, pulsatory or of intermediate form between the rectangular and the sinusoidal. These last ones can be generated, for example, by an inverter.

In the following, throughout the description of the invention:

• sinusoidal waves are considered, unless otherwise indicated,

• in a right-handed system at three orthogonal co-ordinate axes [x, y, z] there are indicated with "x" the direction of the thrust (coinciding with the axis of the Treating Tube), with "z" that of the magnetic field (vector B) and with "y" that of the electric field (vector E).

• The interaction between the two waves of E and B is explained in the following.

With reference to Fig. 3-A, in which the sinusoid of the vector B is shifted in retard in quadrature with respect to that of the vector E, when the vector E at the instant t1 (indicated on the axis of the abscissae) undergoes an inversion, it begins to move a molecule tending to lay parallelly to itself the electric axis of the same molecule, with the center-of-mass of the positive electric charges pointing towards the instantaneous negative pole of the electric field. This movement, which leaves unchanged the position of the center of the molecule, will be called in the following "stretching".

There is "total stretching" when the molecule is completely upset in a half-period of the vector E, and "partial stretching" in the more frequent case in which the electric axis of the molecule, for not sufficient values of E in regard to the resistance of the substance to be treated to the stretching, oscillates between two positions symmetrically inclined by an angle [a<90°] with respect to the "rest position", schematized as statistically coinciding with the direction "x" of the thrust to be obtained. The angle a will be called "stretching angle".

At this point there are to be separately treated a CASE 1 and a CASE 2.

CASE 1

CASE 1 occurs when the stretching is partial and takes for its development, from the stretching angles [-a] to [+a], a full half-period of oscillation of the waves of the two fields. This same CASE 1 occurs for total stretching too, on condition that it still take, for its development, a half-period of oscllation of the waves. The above situation with partial stretching occurs, for example, with liquid water as substance to be treated, even with very high voltages of the electric field, for the strong resistance of the molecule, due mainly to its high dipolar electric moment, to the alignment of its electric axis.

With reference to Fig. 3-A, a partial stretching is considered, with oscillation of the electric axis between the two values [-a] and [+a] in the full interval t2-t4 of the vector E. It is necessary that in this interval B be constantly of the same sign, which requires that B be in quadrature with respect to E.

In the same time interval the schematic "equivalent electron" of the molecule executes a movement which has a component in the y-direction constantly in the same running-way. Let's indicate with "v" the average value of the velocity of this component of displacement in the interval t2-t4.

In the same interval the equivalent electron remains subjected to the action of B which constantly acts in z-direction in a same direction-way, and undergoes, therefore, a Lorentz force directed along x, constantly in a same running-way. The running-way of this force remains unchanged in the subsequent half-period of E (interval t4-t6), because in this second half-period both E and B are inverted.

In this CASE 1 the optimal phase shifting of B with respect to E is that of quadrature.

CASE 2

CASE 2 is represented in Fig. 3-B, where B is shifted in advance by an angle sensibly < 90° (for example, 20°) with respect to E.

THis case is taken into consideration when, for scarce resistance of the molecules of the substance to be treated to the alignment of their electric axes, there is a "total stretching" in a "stretching interval" very short with respect to the quarter of wavelength (interval t2-t2' of the axis of the abscissae of the figure). Such a situation can occur, for example, with gases at not very high pressures.

After the inversion of E at time t1 , the stretching occurs when the electric field already has reached a certain intensity, in the very short interval t2-t2'. In the interval t2'-t3 the electric axis of the molecule remains parallel to y, and the molecule does not undergo any Lorentz force independently of variations, also in sign, of B. Altogether, in the interval t2-t4 (corresponding to a half-period of E) the Lorentz force on the molecule is produced as in the interval t2-t4 of Fig. 3-A relating to CASE 1. In the subsequent half-period of E of Fig. 3-B the running-way of the Lorentz force remains unchanged.

In this CASE 2 the optimal phase shifting of B with respect to E is that in which B is at one of its instantaneous maxima in correspondence of the interval t2-t2'. INTERMEDIATE SITUATION BETWEEN CASE 1 AND CASE 2

It occurs when the stretching takes place in a time not short with respect to the half- period of oscillation.

In such situation it is necessary to regulate the phase shifting between E and B in such a way as that in a half-oscillation of the electric axis of the molecule, from the stretching angles [-a] to [+a], B remain constantly directed in a same running-way.

CALCULATION OF THE LORENTZ FORCE

The average Lorentz force acting on all the molecule in a full period of the oscillation can be calculated introducing into the formula

F_L = - e-B v

(written in scalar form and valid only for vectors E and B perpendicular to each other) the charge [e] of one only electron, and the average velocity [v] of the equivalent electron relatively to the positron.

The path of the equivalent electron, as component in the y-direction with respect to the antagonist equivalent positron in a half-period is equal to [2δ] in the case of total stretching, and is set, in the case of partial stretching, equal to a product [26-R], where R is a dimensionless constant which will be called "stretching factor".

Being [25-R] the path of the equivalent electron with respect to the equivalent positron in a half-period, and [46 R] in a full period, the average velocity [v], indicating with [f] the frequency, is calculated as

v = 46 R / T = 46 R f

The average velocity [v] will be, in the following, called "velocity of the schematic equivalent electron", or simply, "equivalent velocity".

The absorption of current corresponding to the theoretical compression power is nearly totally at charge of the electric field and takes place during the stretching of the molecules. In fact, the displacement of the schematic equivalent electron in y- direction causes on a whole molecule another displacement in x-direction, which is contrasted by the counter-pressure acting on the fluid under treatment flowing, for example, through a pump. In moving the molecule in x-direction the electron finds, therefore, a resistance, to overcome which it executes a work, absorbing current from the electric field. A first critical factor for the working of the process is the "relaxation time" of molecules subjected to electric fields.

In the literature it is defined as "relaxation time" the time necessary for a molecule of a substance subjected to an electric field to return, after exclusion of such field, to its spontaneous orientation, which is determined, in the case of a liquid, by the mutual electromagnetic interactions (due to dipolar electric moments, dipolar magnetic moments, etc.) with the surrounding molecules. The intensity of such interactions decreases, still in the case of liquids, with increasing temperature, since the thermal agitation of the molecules tends to free them from one another. The effect of the above interactions can be considered as inexistent in the case of gases.

If the relaxation time gets near the half-period of the electric field applied, a resonance case takes place, in correspondence of which strong effects of agitation in the molecules and high dispersions of energy are determined.

The relaxation times in the molecular polarization are relatively long, because of which, for most polar molecules, such polarization can be, practically, utilized only up to a maximum of 100 MHz. In the electronic and atomic polarizations the relaxation times are much shorter, allowing the employment of higher frequencies.

A second critical factor is the phase relation between the magnetic and electric fields.

The necessary position of the phase shifting between the vectors E and B, with reference to what said for CASES 1 and 2, can be predicted in some cases approximately, while in other can be established, practically, only experimentally. In any case it is needed that the regulation of the phase shifting be made, for each Treating Chamber, with great precision, between 0° and 90°. A not optimal phase shifting can lead to sensible reductions of the thrusts obtainable, or also to their zeroing.

A third critical factor is represented by the sizes of the Treating Chambers.

The sizes of each Treating Chamber along y and z must not exceed a small fraction of the wavelength of the vectors E and B equal to few degrees of the oscillation. This in order to make possible, at all points of the Chamber, the interaction provided between the two sinusoids of the same vectors E and B. For example, with frequencies of 100 MHz, to which a wavelength of about 3 m corresponds, it is possible to utilize Treating Chambers with sizes along y and z up to 6 cm, corresponding to (7.2)°.

A fourth critical factor is the counter-polarization of the molecules of a substance under treatment.

This counter-polarization is responsible for the fact that only partial stretching occur, even for high voltages of the electric field. In the case of liquid water, for example, operating at 100 MHz, in order to realize a "stretching factor" utilizable, il can be necessary to employ a voltage of the electric field of 100000 V/cm (which is technically realizable because the resistivity of water increases by much at the very high frequencies). This counter-polarization is less critical in gases, especially if at not very high pressures.

The electronic polarization is the only choice for the apolar molecules. It requires, however, very high voltages for the electric field, due to the scarce deformability of the atoms. Advantages of the electronic polarization are to be present for all species of monoatomic or multiatomic molecules and to have, as already said, "relaxation times" (in the order of 10^~16 s) by far shorter than those of the molecular polarization, which allows the utilization of high frequencies.

The waves of the electric field can be replaced by Hertz waves obtained, for example, from a magnetron. They, in fact, cause stretchings of the molecules, due to the effect of their dipolar electric moment, identical to those produced by waves of electric voltage. It is necessary that the oscillations of the Hertz waves be in the direction of the vector E of the electric field, which they replace.

The fact that such waves exert effects equivalent to those of electric waves is not known in traditional Physics, but is an idea of the inventor.

There are presented in the following two Base Projects (BASE PROJECT A and BASE PROJECT B) to be intended as general calculation schemes, respectively for the Applications groups A and B. Such projects regard the calculation of the thrusts obtainable on a substance within a propeller, formed by a rectilinear Treating Tube of the internal section of [2 x 1.5] cm, in which there are obtained 15 Treating Chambers each 4 cm long, spaced 4 cm from each other, with length of the Tube of about 130 cm. In Base Project A the substance under treatment is liquid water in which the thrust is to be determined, and in Base Project B is dry air at 4 Kg/cm² eff. for which it is to be calculated the possible separation grade between nitrogen and oxygen.

BASE PROJECT A

The scheme of the apparatus is the following. Reference to Fig. 1.

A Frequency Converter 2 at two outlets 2a and 2b (First and Second HF - High Frequency - Line) connected at its inlet 2c to a Power Net at 50 Hz, supplies to all the apparatus:

• from the First HF Line 2a, for the generation of the magnetic fields, an alternating current at sinusoidal waves, at the frequency 100 MHz,

• from the Second HF Line 2b, for the generation of the electric fields, an alternating voltage, isofrequential with the current of the First HF Line 2a and with the same characteristics as regards the form of the wave.

The alternating voltage of the First HF Line 2a must be such as to make circulate in the turns 7 the intensity provided for the current.

In the Second HF Line downstream the Frequency Converter there is placed a Voltage Transformer 9, which raises and regulates the voltage for the electric fields. The output voltage of this transformer must be such as to ensure within the fluid in each Treating Chamber 1 the electric field strength E of 100000 V/cm.

The Propeller 4 consists of the following elements, or comprises the following elements.

• A Treating Tube 14, in non-conducting material, internally empty, lying along x, in which the water flows, from an inlet 11 and an outlet 12.

• At least one Treating Chamber 1 , defined as stretch of a certain length of the Treating Tube 14, said Treating Chamber representing a real physical unit, in that it could be realized also as a separate cylindrical container open at both ends and connected in correspondence of these to other Treating Chambers with suitable transmission elements (small tubes).

• A Winding formed by two turns 7 placed one above (along z) and one beneath each Treating Chamber. In such turns, in series connected, the electric current for the generation of the magnetic field circulates. The axis of each turn lies along z. Each turn must completely surround the yx section (2 x 4 cm) of the corresponding Treating Chamber. Also the pairs of turns of the several Treating Chambers are connected in series.

• A multiplicity of ferrite plates 8, forming the magnetic nucleus of each turn.

Thickness of the plates 10 mm. It is preferably employed ferrite at high value of relative permeability μ = 10000.

• A multiplicity of Resonance Condensers 6, each interposed between the two pairs of turns of two contiguous Treating Chambers. Function of each of these condensers is that of supplying a reactive voltage equal and of opposite sign (of capacity) with respect to the inductive voltage which is determined in the preceding pair of turns, thus avoiding to make the inductive voltage at the outlet from all the propeller excessive values.

· A multiplicity of Process Condensers 5, each formed by two parallel plates (armature) laid in such a way as to produce an electric field directed along y through each Treating Chamber 1. The two plates of each Process Condenser are placed outside the Treating Tube, at the minimum possible distance from the walls of this, securing anyway the insulation from the ferrite. In general it is possible also, for certain fluids, to place the two plates inside the Treating Tube, at direct contact with the fluid. The Process Condensers are connected with one another in parallel. The voltage to be applied to the plates is that coming from the Voltage Transformer 9 through Phase Regulator (following point).

• A Primary Phase Regulator 10 placed downstream the Voltage Transformer 9 with the function of regulating the phase relation between the electric field strength E of the electric field and the vector B of the magnetic field for the only Treating Chamber or for the complex in parallel of the Treating Chambers.

• An eventual, in the case of plurality of Treating Chambers, multiplicity of Secundary Phase Regulators 10a, interposed each between the Primary Phase Regulator 10 and a Treating Chamber, said Regulators 10a singly controlling for the relating Treating Chamber the phase relation between the electric field strength E of the electric field and the vector B of the magnetic field.

For the purpose of being able to vary with precision, in each Treating Chamber, the phase of the vector E from 0° to 90°, in such a way as to have in the same Treating Chamber the optimal phase relation between the vectors E and B, it is to be acted on the Phase Regulators 10 and 10a.

In the case of very high frequencies the above phase regulation can be obtained with very simple devices, because of the very short wavelengths. For example, at the frequency considered in this Project A (100 MHz) the quarter of wavelength is about 75 cm, and to such length it corresponds the phase variation from 0° to 90° which occurs in the current along a conductor. The Phase Regulator 10 can be realized as a device which can vary, in non-inductive way, from 0 to 75 cm the length of an additional stretch of conductor to be inserted into the circuit. Each Regulator 10a can be realized as the Regulator 10 with a stretch of additional conductor of length shorter than that of the same Regulator 10. While for the Regulators 10a it can be sufficient, generally, the setting at the manufacturing, the Regulator 10 can be positioned at the installation and in subsequent times.

The sizing has been chosen trying to obtain that the flux lines of the vector B do not run out, as possible, from the "nucleus" of the magnetic field.

It is not strictly necessary, instead, that the same flux lines run in exactly parallel way to the axis of the winding, nor that their distribution in the section of the nucleus of the magnetic field be uniform. In fact, the total thrust received by the fluid in a Treating Chamber depends only on the total number of flux lines of the vector B "cut" by the same fluid flowing through the Chamber.

For the calculation of the thrust it is necessary, first of all, to determine the number of molecules per cm³.

- molecular mass H₂0 in units "u" 18.0153

- unit "u" 1.66054· 10^"27 Kg

- mass of the molecule H₂0 18.0153 -1.66054- 10²⁷ = 2.99151 -10^"26 Kg

- mass of 1 cm³ H₂0 10^"3 Kg

- number of molecules H₂0 per cm³ 10^"3 / 2.99151 -ΙΟ ²⁶ = 3.3428-10²²

For the theoretical case of "total stretching" the "equivalent velocity" of the schematic "equivalent electron" is obtained in the following way:

- equivalent arm of dipolar electric moment = 0.3852 A = 0.3852· 10^~10 m

- frequency f = 100 MHz = 10⁸ s^"1

- equivalent velocity v =4·δ ί = 4 0.3852· 10^"10 · 10⁸ =1.541 · 10^"2 m/s

The maximum passing current, corresponding to a theoretical "total stretching" of the molecules, through 1 cm² of xz section of a Treating Chamber is obtained multiplying the number of equivalent electrons per cm³ of water (3.3428· 10²²) by the charge of the electron in Coulomb (1.60219-10 ¹⁹) and by the equivalent velocity just calculated in cm/s (1.541). There are obtained

3.3428· 10^22■ 1.60219-10^'19 · 1.541 = 8253 A/cm²

With xz section of the Treating Chamber (4 x 1 ,5 = 6 cm²) there are

8253 · 6 = 49518 A

The effective passing current, corrisponding to the effective "partial stretching"", could be calculated through the dielectric constant of water (e_R = 79). It is not known the behaviout of such constant at the frequency of 100 MHz. In the hypothesis that its value remain unchanged with respect to that relating to the low frequencies, the effective passing current could be calculated in the following way.

- Capacity of the process condenser (2 plates of 6 cm2, at the distance 2.2 cm (for thickness of the walls of the Treating Tube 1 mm)

C = 8.8542-10^'12 · 79^■ 6^■ 10^ / 0.022 = 19.077· 10^"12 F

- Frequency ω = 2π·ί = 6.2832- 10⁸ s^"1.

- Voltage through the fluid V = 2-10⁵V

- Effective passing current

I = ω-C-V = 6.2832· 10^8■ 19.077- 10 ^12■ 2-10⁵ = 2397.3 A

At the two values of current 49518 and 2397.3 A it would correspond a "stretching factor" 2397.3 / 49518 = 0.04841.

The thrust on a Treating Chamber, expressed in function of the average induction B assumed as equal to the effecive value of the same vector B, and calculated on the basis of the effective passing current according to the Lorentz formula, being the stretch of fluid crossed of 2 cm, is

F = 2397.3^■ B · 0.02 = 47.946 · B Newton The induction B can be calculated as follows.

- thickness of the walls of the tube 1 mm

- ferrite plates thickness 10 mm, μ = 10000, area 8 cm²

- height along z of the propeller 37 mm

- calculation area of a turn 9 cm2.

To account, according to a simplified calculation, of the ferrite, it is introduced into the following formulas for each Treating Chamber an average value

μ = 10000 20/37 = 5405.

For 2 turns

- Inductance L= 1.2566 -10^"6 -5405 · 2² · 9-10^"4 / 0.037 = 660.84- 10⁶ H

- Reactance X_L= ω-L = 6.2832· 10⁸ · 660.84- 10^"6 = 415219 Ω

The current to the turns is chosen at the maximum value compatible with a reactive voltage in the turns constructively acceptable and with a value of the magnetic induction in the ferrites of about 0.1 T (Tesla, V-s/m²), at which it is thought that the ferrite chosen can work at the very high frequency of 100 MHz and at the ordinary temperatures.

With I = 0.27 A it is

- 1 nnductive voltage V_L = X_L I = 415219 · 0.27 = 112109 V

- Induction B = 1.2566-10^"6 · 5405^■ 2^■ 0.27 / 0.037 = 0.09912 T - Theoretical thrust on the whole section

F = 47.946^■ B = 47.946^■ 0.09912 = = 4.752 Newton

- Theoretical thrust on 1 cm² of yz section (2 x 1.5 = 3 cm²), theoretical pressure head,

P = 4.752 / 3 = 1.584 N /cm²

- Effective thrust on 1 cm² of yz section, effective pressure head,

(safety coefficient 0.5)

P_eff = 1.584 · 0.5 = 0.792 N /cm²

With 15 Treating Chambers the propeller would produce a thrust of

0.792^■ 15 = 11.88 N/cm² = 1.211 Kg/cm² eff.

Employing 4 propellers of the type considered, connected in series as regards the passage of the liquid, it is possible to realize a pump for water with the pressure head of [1.21 1 ^■ 4 = 4.844] Kg/cm² eff. The 4 propellers should be laid at the vertices of a rectangle, at the minimum possible distance from each other, so as to utilize at the best the distribution of the vectors B in the spaces external to the Treating Chambers.

On the basis of the throughput flowing along the tube and of the effective pressure head the theoretical compression power is calculated. With this, knowing the voltage applied to the process condensers and on the basis of the energetic yield foreseen for the propeller, it is calculated the current to be sent to each Treating Chamber.

In favour of the thrusts obtainable there are the two following factors, which have not been considered, for simplicity, in the calculations:

- the increase of the equivalent arm of dipolar electric moment caused by the electronic and atomic polarizations, which are superimposed, on the molecule of water, to that molecular, and which can act also in sensible way for the high intensity of the electric field,

- the electric conducibility of water, also that existing at PH 7.

From the formulas employed it is seen that, for unchanged gemetrical sizing, both the inductive voltage in the turns, and the total thrust on the fluids do not vary if the product [μ- I f] of the relative permeability, of the current and of the frequency remains unchanged.

As already said, the two turns above and beneath a Treating Chamber are connected in series, the pairs of turns of each Treating Chamber too are connected in series, and between two subsequent pairs a resonance condenser is interposed.

In alternative, in certain cases some pairs of contiguous turns can be connected in parallel, with one only resonance condenser at the oulet from the same parallel. It is possible also to provide a resonance condenser downstream a complex of any number of contiguous turns in series connected.

In the case of a resonance condenser for one only pair of turns the capacity of the condenser results

C = 1 / (ω²·Ι_) = 1 / [(6.2832· 10⁸)²· 660.84· 10^"6] = 0.003833· 10^"12 F.

The Resonance Condenser must be planned to resist a perforation voltage [V_L = 112109 V].

In an isolated Treating Chamber the magnetic circuit of the vector B is closed at ring in the external space. The same can be said for a single propeller of the type considered. It can seem, at first sight, that this fact do not allow to calculate the induction in the Treating Chambers as it would be made in the cases of a coil wound arounf a nucleus of toroidal iron, or of a coil with many turns of considerable length with respect to the diameter. On this fact the following considerations can be made.

Laying, for example, 8 propellers of the type considered, superimposed to each other in z-direction without interspaces in such a way as to have a Treating

Chamber of a propeller aligned along z with the Chamber of the immediately underlying propeller, and with one only ferrite plate interposed between two contiguous Chambers in z-direction, the circuit of the vector B in space is better utilized. Sill better it is utilized if the propellers are disposed along the generatrices of a cylinder. In such case the first pile considered would be closed at ring along a circle having axis paralle to x.

However, even if there is one only propeller, of the type considered, it is to be kept present what already said on the non-necessity to have the lines of B parallel and uniformly distributed within a Treating Chamber. Being the size along z not excessive with respect to the sizes along y and x, it can be thought that few of the flux lines of B crossing a ferrite plate laterally run out from a chamber and make themselves, consequently, of inutility for the scope of the production of the Lorentz force. Also for these limited leaks is accounted, anyway, in the safety coeefficient 0.5 considered for the propeller.

The arrangement of more Treating Chambers along a Treating Tube, rectilinear or not, as in the propeller here considered, will be called "distribution at aligned Treating Chambers". The arrangement at more Treating Tubes superimposed or side by side above described, intended to optimize the distribution of the magnetic fields outside the Treating Chambers, will be called "disposition at Treating Tubes side bv side".

A problem can be represented by the tolerability, by the ferrite at ordinary temperatures, of an induction B of 100 mT at the frequency of 100 MHz. Such tolerability is to be experimentally verified. By cooling the ferrites, in suitable containers, at the temperature of liquid helium, it is possible to make them tolerate, at the frequency indicated, also, for example, 10 T.

In order to increase the potentiality, in apparatuses of large sizes and preferably stationary, several expedients can be adopted. The main can be the following.

1A) Increase, for a given wavelength employed, of the sizes of each Treating Chamber.

2A) Increase of the number of Treating Chambers in the single propellers..

3A) Increase of the current to the turns, to obtain inductions > 100 mT.

The consequent increase of the inductive voltage at the turns is technicaly acceptable till, for example, 250000 V.

To make possible the increase of the induction over 100 mT it can be necessary to insert the ferrite plates into containers for cooling to the temperatures of liquid helium. An expedient of this kind is, however, economically convenient only in apparatuses of considerable potentiality and stationary, as, for example, the generators of the hydraulic power stations.

4A) A further increase of the induction with respect to point 3A) can be made possible by inserting a Resonance Condenser at each turn, instead of at each pair of turns. Because of the very high frequency such Resonance Condensers result of very reduced sizes..

BASE PROJECT B

The scheme of the apparatus is identical to that of BASE PROJECT A. Identical are also the values of frequency (100 MHz) and voltage of the electric field

(100000 V/cm). Reference is made to Fig. 2. The substance under treatment (dry air at 4 Kg/cm² eff.) is introduced at an intermediate point of the propeller (position 13). The oxygen and the nitrogen separated are extracted, respectively, from the ends 11 and 12. The electronic polarization is utilized.

The polarizability constants [α' = α / (4πε₀)] have been taken from the literature. The electric influence constant ε₀ has the value, in SI (Standard International) units 8.8542- 10^'12. N₂ α' = α / (4πε₀) m³ 1.770-10^"30 0.793- 10^"30 dipolar moment e m / (V/m) 1.229-10^"21 0.551 -10^"21 mass "m" of the molecule Kg 4.65- 10^"26 5.31 -10^"26

Applying the electric field of 100000 V/cm (10⁷ V/m) the equivalent arms of dipolar electric moment δ result

δ_Ν2 = 1.229- 10^"21■ 10⁷ = 1.229· 10^"14 m

δ₀₂ = 0.551 -10^"21■ 10⁷ = 0.551 -10^"14 m

It is thought to have a "total stretching" of the molecules, not being present influence of dipolar electric moments in the gas mixture and because o its low density.

The equivalent electron velocities "v" are calculated as

ν_Ν2 = 4- δ_Ν2 -ί = 4 · 1.229-10^{"14 ■} 10⁸ = 4.916- 10^"6 m/s

ν_Ο2 = 4· δ_Ο2 ·ί = 4 · 0.551 ·10^{"14 ■} 10⁸ = 2.204- 10⁶ m/s

There remain unchanged, with respect to Base Project A, inductance L, reactance X, current "I", inductive voltage V_L in the turns, and magnetic induction B within each Treating Chamber.

The force acting on a single molecule [F_N2, F₀₂] is calculated, on the basis of the Lorentz formula on a single electron, as product [e-B-v] in absolute value.

F_N2 = 1.60219- 10-^19■ 0.09912^■ 4.916- 10^'6 = 7.807- 10^"26 N/molecule

F₀₂ = 1.60219-10^"19■ 0.09912 · 2.204-10⁶ = 3.500-10^"26 N/molecule

The length of the Treating Chambers in the tube is (4^■ 15 = 60 cm).

Imagining to introduce the gas mixture at an end of the Treating Tube, instead of at an intermediate position, and to regulate the mass flow of the introduction in such a way as at realize a permanence time within the Tube of 10 s (corresponding to ~ 5 s inside the Treating Chambers), the outlet velocities "w" of the molecules N₂ and 0₂ are calculated (indicating with "a" the corresponding accelerations) w_N2 = a_N2 · 5 = F_N2 / m N2 · 5 = 7.807- 10^"26 / 4.65- 10^"26■ 5 = 8.395 m/s

w₀₂ = a₀₂ · 5 = F₀₂ / m ₀₂ ^■ 5 = 3.500- 10²⁶ / 5.31 -10^"26■ 5 = 3.296 m/s

The differential velocity is (8.395 - 3.296) = 5.099 m/s Also in this Base Project B, as in Base Project A, to the theoretical results obtained a safety coefficient 0.5 is applied. The differential velocity, with this, becomes (5.099^■ 0.5) = 2.549 m/s

It is thought that such a differential velocity can allow to obtain at the two ends of the tube the purity required, separately, for the oxygen and the nitrogen. This notwithstanding the hits among heterolog molecules, which tend to equalize the average velocities of all the molecules, considering that the mean free path of the same molecules, at the low pressure introduced into the calculations, is relatively high. The efficiency of the separation, with the differential velocity above calculated, must be, anyway, determined with experimental tests, being their theoretical calculation of extreme complexity.

It is understood, from the calculation made, that the mass flows, for example, of oxygen at 99.5%, obtainable from the propeller, are not high.

Such mass flows can, however, be increased with various expedients, constructively acceptable even if expensive especially for the fact that they, generally, regard stationary apparatuses, of great potentiality. With the employment of one only apparatus comprising many propellers, each of considerable length, there can be realized, with respect to the separation methods by destination, enormous economic advantages as plant and operating costs. Let's think, in the case considered of the separation of nitrogen and oxygen from air in gas phase, to the advantages connected with the elimination of the liquefaction of the air, which is to be made in apparatuses extremely expensive, among other, due to the necessuty to realize them in stainless steels.

Such expedients can be the following.

1 B) As point 1 A of Base Project A.

2B) Employment of propellers of the length of about 8 m, with 100 Treating Chambers each (instead of 15) and arrangement in a single "horizontal cabinet", for example, of 100 Treating Tubes connected in parallel for the flow of the air. Such Tubes should be disposed as indicated, in Base Project A, for the pumps for liquids (according to the "disposition at Treating Tubes side by side"), so as to better utilize the distribution of the magnetic field in the spaces external to the Treating Chambers.

3B) As point 3A of Base Project A.

4B) As point 4A of Base Project A.

5B) Increase of the pressure of the air, for example to 16 Kg/cm² eff.

6B) Doubling of the frequency (to 200 MHz), possible because of the utilization of the electronic polarization and for the limited sizes of the Treating Chambers.

The inductive voltage in the turns and the thrusts on the molecules result doubled.

COMMON VARIANTS TO BASE PROJECTS A. B

1AB) Winding with turns "in air" (without magnetic nucleus in their inside).

With this choice, in the case of thrusts needed considerable, to have sufficient values of induction in the Treating Chambers it is necessary to employ very high currents (in the order of the thousands of A) in the turns, which compels, practically, to resort to superconductors.

2AB) Operation with one only HF Line.

In the flow scheme of Fig. 1 the Second HF Line 2b is eliminated and the voltage to be sent to the Process Condenser 5 of a Treating Chamber is directly taken from two points of the winding (consisting in 2 turns) of the same Treating Chamber.

3AB) Utilization of Hertz waves in place of the electric ones.

As already previously said in regard to the operation principle of the process, the waves of the electric field can be replaced by Hertz waves obtained, for example, from a magnetron. Such waves must produce oscillations in the direction of the vector E of the electric field that they replace.

This is realizable by replacing the inlet plate 5 to a Treating Chamber of Fig. 1 with a "launcher" 15 of Fig. 4. Such launcher is of the type of those employed in the microwave ovens. The launcher is to be oriented in such a way as to launch the waves towards the opposite side of the Treating Chamber (in y-direction). Preferably, there are placed a "wave guide" 16 between the launcher and the Treating Chamber, and another wave guide 17 downstream the opposite side of the Chamber in order to guide the waves that are not absorbed by the substance treated.

COMMON SPECIFICATIONS TO BASE PROJECTS A. B

The schemes of Base Projects A and B must serve as track for the planning

- of all the other applications included in the present Description,

- for all other types of polarization,

- for any form of the waves (sinusoidal, rectangular, of intermediate form between the rectangular and the sinusoidal, pulsatory),

- for any form of the Treating Tube (rectilinear, circular, helicoidal, etc.),

- for any disposition of the Treating Chambers in a Treating Tube,

- for any sizing of the Treating Chambers,

- for any arrangement of more Treating Tubes in an apparatus,

- for any choice of the values of the electric quantities (in particular for range of choice of the frequencies from 10 Hz to 100 GHz, and of voltages from 10 V to 1 MV),

- for all the variants common to Base Projects A, B above described (with particular regard to the employment of Hertz waves),

- for employment of superconductors and of ferrite nuclei kept at the temperatures of liquid helium or nitrogen.

APPLICATIONS GROUP A (as motor / generator)

The present invention finds a first application as motor in a pump for liquids. The advantages presented by this technology with respect to the traditional groups [electric motor / centrifugal pump] result considerable, for the following facts:

• employment of mechanically static elements only, with elimination of vibrations, noise and all other problems related to the presence of mobile parts,

• great savings in construction, considering that the apparatus results compact and that the centrifuge wheel part is eliminated,

• higher yields, in that those of the centrifugal pumps are low and rapidly decrease at the reduced throughputs,

• considerable savings in the maintenance costs, due to the absence of sliding or rolling contacts and seal surfaces, • great savings in construction in the case of highly corrosive or dangerous liquids

(as, for example, those utilized in the nuclear power stations).

Though it be required the employment of high frequencies with related Frequency Converters (inverters or magnetrons) and there be foreseeable, in certain cases, greater encumbrance, the advantages may be higher to the possible critical aspects.

The considerations made on the pumps for liquids are valid, in general, also for the compressors for gases.

In accordance with the present invention it is possible, moreover, to build propellers for solid substances in pieces, or in powder, or in suspension in liquids, as, for example, wheat in corns, milk in powder, coal powder suspended in water, etc..

The present invention has application also as generator of electricity fed by liguids, for which, in general, the same considerations made for the pumping of liquids are valid.

In the case of generators of high potentiality, as those of the hydroelectric power stations, the following comparison with the conventional generators (alternators) can be made. For the alternators there have been proposed the employment of superconductors and the cooling of magnetic nuclei at the temperatures of liquid nitrogen or helium. Such expedients would present many problems for the presence of strong mechanical vibrations. The same expedients in generators at dipolar electric moment, as considered in Base Project A, would not present such problems, since they would be applied to mechanically static apparatuses.

The present invention has application also as generator of electricity fed by gases, for which the same considerations made for the compression of gases are valid.

The present invention has application also as flow indicator for fluids.

An apparatus for the flow measurement of fluids with the technology at dipolar electric moment is constructed as a generator of electricity.

With respect to the traditional measuring methods such an indicator has the advantage not to introduce sensible pressure losses into the pipes and to directly measure the mass of the fluid (instead of its volume). It requires a Frequency

Converter, that can be, anyway, shared among several indicators and, eventually, with pumps or compressors.

APPLICATIONS GROUP B (as separator)

The present invention finds utilization also as separator of chemical components from a mixture.

The separation of chemical components with the technology at dipolar electric moment presents some very complex problems, that differentiate it from the other applications of the same technology.

In the utilization as motor / generator (even if the substance under treatment is a mixture of two or more components) it deals with a process of total propulsion, in which the thrust on the molecules is totally utilized, while in the separation of two components the process is of differential propulsion, in that it is utilizable only the differential thrust separately calculable on the molecules of the same two components.

The separations of mixable liquids and gases spontaneously occur also in nature in the field of gravity, when the specific gravities of two components differ.

Examplex can be for the mixable liquids the stratification of heavy water in the ocean depths (in which the percentage of D₂0 is higher even by 30% than that existing at the surface), and for gases the stratification of carbon dioxide in the grounds adjacent to the perforations of the geothermal plants.

The separation oc components in gas phase is relatively simple, in that in them there can be considered as absent the interactions which are exerted among the molecules of liquids.

In the separations in gas phase spontaneously occurring in nature, as that mentioned C0₂-air, the determining factor is the differential volumetric thrusts between the two pure components (Archimedes' thrust). The same separation requires absolute absence of turbolence in the mixture and occurs generally very slowly, since the gravity imposes to molecules of different species equal accelerations.

In the separation in gas phase with the present tecnology at dipolar electric moment, instead, to different molecules different accelerations are given. Different result also the velocity impressed to two heterolog molecules after a certain permanence time within the Treating Chambers. It is understood from this how the kinetics of the separation with the technology at dipolar electric moment must be substantially different from the stratification of two gases in the field of gravity. The differential velocity at the outlet of a Treating Tube theoretically calculable on the basis of the thrusts impressed to the molecules of the two components is reduced by the hits among the same molecules. If, however, the average free path of the molecules is relatively considerable, which generally occurs at the low pressures, it can be thought that a part of the above differential velocity theoretically calculated remain available, at the outlet from the Treating Tube, as "macroscopic" velocity of separation of the two components.

An example of separation in gas phase is that reported in Base Project B (separation of nitrogen and oxygen from air in gas phase).

Other very promising cases can be the following.

- Separation of the gases H₂ and CO, produced in mixture in numerous processes of the chemical industry. The separation would be easy utilizing the molecular polarization, since the CO molecule has an intrinsic dipolar electric moment, while the other H₂ molecule has not. This would allow, among other, to utilize voltages in the electric field much lower, not being necessary to produce in the mixture to be treated an electronic polarization.

- Separation of mixtures [water - ethyl alcohol] in gas phase, to be preferred if the separation in liquid phase would result very difficult. Both separations directly lead to anhydrous alcohol.

The separation of components in liquid phase (for mixable liquids) with the present technology at dipolar electric moment takes place on the basis of the differential volumetric thrust (Archimedes' thrust) between the thrusts separately calculable on two pure components. Such thrusts can be calculated with the method of Base Project A.

The differential volumetric thrust theoretically calculated is contrasted by the interactions among the molecules of the liquid. These interactions have no effect in the total propulsion, while in the differential propulsion they reduce the differential acceleration impressed to two heterolog molecules, in certain cases making very difficult their separation, or even blocking it.

Cases of particularly strong interactions can be those of the separations

[water - ethyl alcohol] and [water - sulphuric acid].

In the comparison with the traditional method by destination, the equivalent of a destination tray is a stretch of a Treating Chamber within the Treating Tube into which the mixture of the components to be separated is introduced. The inside of the tube is empty, and this involves enormous simplification and reduction of construction costs with respect to the system at destination columns.

The savings in the construction and operation costs are, in the new system, particularly great in the case of gas start mixtures (as nitrogen and oxygen from air), in that it is avoided the process, very expensive, of their preliminary liquefaction. Also for liquid start mixtures the savings in the operating costs are, in the new system with respect to that of the destination, very high, above all for the fact that it is avoided the vaporization of liquids in quantities that can be a multiple even high of that of the liquid of the feed.

In addition to the savings in construction, operation and maintenance it can be considered also tha advantage of having structures more compact and arranged horizontally, instead of vertically. In fact, in a destination column the trays are piled vertically and, when the column results very high (for example, over 60 meters), it is subdivided into two or more parts connected in series.

Very promising cases of separation of components in liquid phase can be the following.

· Separation of propane-propylene mixtures, to obtain monomer propylene destined to the production in enormous industrial quantities of plastics. The destination is particularly expensive because of the vicinity of the boiling points of the two components.

• Separation of [water - ethyl alcohol] mixtures for the direct production of anhydrous alcohol (also for fuels).

• Separation of [water - ethyl alcohol] mixtures for the concentration of alcoholic drinks, in which there would be the advantage, with respect to the destination, represented by the fact that the aromatic substances present in the charges would pass all into the alcoholic phase instead of partly remaining in the water phase of the destination columns, and without being damaged in any way for heating.

Another application is the separation of electrolytes from liquids, as is the case, for example, of the desalting of sea watter.

The interfacial (or ionic) polarization is utilized. Introducing into a Treating Tube, at an intermediate point, sea water, there are obtained from an end of the Tube a concentrated salt solution, and from the other desalted water.

This type of separation would have the advantage represented by arms of dipolar electric moment much greater than those utilizable in the non-ionic polarizations. In fact the migrations of the ions due to an inversion of the electric field are of an order of magnitude higher than that of the displacements considered for the schematic equivalent electron in the other types of polarization.

The propeller finds application also for the purification of chemical substances for the purpose of eliminating, up to high grade, impurities from substances for which it is needed to reach an extreme purity, as reagents for analyses.

Another industrial application can be that of the separation of the isotopes of atoms, in particular the separation of the isotopes of hydrogen and uranium.

The separation of the isotopes of hydrogen would be made on hydrogen in the combined state, as water (mixture of H₂0, D₂0 e T₂0) in liquid phase.

For a H₂0-D₂0 separation a very long Treating Tube is needed (eventually realized with more Tubes connected in series), but the construction costs are by far lower than those of the corresponding traditional plants (by destination or electrolysis), and minimum are the energetic consumptions.

The separation of the isotopes of uranium can be executed on uranium in form of hexafluoride in gas phase. The separation is to be made as in Base Project B, with the following particularities.

In the Treating Tube, very long, as in the case of the isotopes of hydrogen, it is introduced, at an intermediate point, the crude uranium hexafluoride in gas form at the pressure, for example, of 10 Kg/cm² eff. Once filled the tube, all its openings are closed and the gas in the inside is left in absolute stillness for a time, for example, of 10'. Then the two ends of the tube are opened obtaining from one of them hexafluoride of U235 enriched at 99%. In alternative, the process can be made continuous by introducingh the mixture of the feed and extracting the two components at extremely low velocities.

CONCLUSIVE CONSIDERATIONS

In the electric motors at direct or alternating current it is utilized the Lorentz force applied to the motion of (conduction) electrons which move among atoms of a conductor. In this case an inter-atomic motion of electrons allows the production of a Lorentz force.

In the technology at dipolar electric moment of the present patent it is utilized, for the production of an analogous Lorentz force, an intra-atomic motion of electrons. In fact, the Lorentz forces on the molecules of the substance under treatment are produced by subjecting the same molecules to a combination of a magnetic field and one electric alternating and isofrequential. The velocity necessary for the production of the Lorentz force on a molecule is obtained by displacing, at each inversion of the electric field, the positive and negative electric charges of the same molecule utilizing its dipolar electric moment. The motion of these electric charges can be seen as an intra-atomic motion of electrons.

In alternative, the combination magnetic field/electric field can be replaced by another [magnetic field - Hertz waves].

In the treatment of a mixture of chemical-physical components the thrusts on the molecules result different for the different physical properties of the same molecules, which allows to separate the components.

The spirit of the present invention is that of extending the application of the

Lorentz force from the inter-atomic motion of electrons to that intra-atomic, amplifying and considerably improving, in the realization of motors/generators, that revolution of the mechanical industry that occurred in the second half of the 19^th century, following the discovery by Lorentz, with the appearance of the electric motors and opening for the chemical industry, in regard to the separation of chemical-physical components, a field completely new and extremely profitable in the replacement of the fractionation processes presently employed.

Claims

1. Method of accelerating electrically neutral molecules of a (fluid or solid) substance, characterized by the fact that it provides to exert a Lorentz force on the same molecules utilizing their dipolar electric moment, pre-existing or induced by an external electromagnetic field, subjecting the substance in a Treating Chamber (1) defined in a treating tube (14) to the action of an alternating magnetic field with vector "magnetic induction" B perpendicular to the direction of the thrust to be obtained and, simultaneously, to an alternating isofrequential electric field with vector "electric field strength" E perpendicular to both B and to the direction of the thrust; the velocity of electric charges necessary for the production of the Lorentz force being that which the positive electric charges (atom nuclei) and negative (electrons) of the atoms forming a molecule take at each inversion of the electric field.

2. Method of accelerating electrically neutral molecules of a (fluid or solid) substance, characterized by the fact that it provides to exert a Lorentz force on the same molecules utilizing their dipolar electric moment, pre-existing or induced by an external electromagnetic field, subjecting the substance in a Treating Chamber (1) defined in a treating tube (14) to the action of an alternating magnetic field with vector "magnetic induction" B perpendicular to the direction of the thrust to be obtained and, simultaneously, to a field at isofrequential Hertz waves, laid in such a way as to send longitudinal Hertz waves in direction perpendicular to both B and to the direction of the thrust; the velocity of electric charges necessary for the production of the Lorentz force being that which the positive electric charges (atom nuclei) and negative (electrons) of the atoms forming a molecule take at each inversion of the polarity of the same Hertz waves.

3. Electromagnetic device to accelerate electrically neutral molecules of a (fluid or solid) substance, characterized by the fact that it comprises:

- at least one propeller (4), consisting in a Treating Tube (14) laid along x, in which the substance to be treated flows from an inlet (11) to an outlet (12); said Treating Tube (14) being in non-conducting material and at axis rectilinear or of any form (circular, helicoidal, etc.); - mechanically static electromagnetic circuits that surround each Treating TUbe exerting on the substance to be treated electromagnetic actions that push it axially utilizing the dipolar electric moment of the molecules;

- a frequency converter (2) connected in inlet (2c) to a supply of current and having a first outlet (2a) for the production of magnetic fields generating alternating current at waves sinusoidal or of other form, said frequency converter (2) eventually having a second outlet (2b) generating an alternating voltage, isofrequential with the current of the first outlet and with the same characteristics as regards the form of the wave;

- a Voltage Transformer (9) downstream the eventual second outlet (2b) of the converter (2).

4. Device according to claim 3, in which each propeller (4) comprises:

- at least one Treating Chamber (1), representing a real physical unit, defined as stretch of a certain length of the Treating Tube (14);

- a winding formed by two turns (7) placed one above (along z) and one below each Treating Chamber, with the possibility that one of the two turns be absent, said turns receiving the current coming from the first outlet (2a) of the frequency converter (2) and providing to generate the magnetic field through the related Treating Chamber;

- eventually a plurality of ferrite plates (8), forming the magnetic nucleus of each turn (7);

- at leasty one Resonance Condenser (6), placed downstream one or more turns (7);

- a Process Condenser (5) for each Treating Chamber (1), formed by two parallel plates (armature) laid in such a way as to produce an electric field directed along y through the same Treating Chamber, being such Process Condensers (5) connected with one another in parallel;

- a Primary Phase Regulator (10) placed downstream the Voltage Transformer (9) with the function of regulating the phase relation between the electric field strength E of the electric field and the vector B of the magnetic field for the one only Treating Chamber or for the complex in parallel of the Treating Chambers; - an eventual, in the case of plurality of Treating Chambers, multiplicity of Secundary Phase Regulators (10a), interposed each between the Primary Phase Regulator (10) and a Treating Chamber, said Secundary Phase Regulators (10a) singly controlling for the related Treating Chamber the phase relation between the electric field strength E of the electric field and the vector B of the magnetic field.

5. Device according to claim 3, in which each propeller (4) comprises:

- at least one Treating Chamber (1), defined as stretch of a certain length of the Treating Tube (14);

- a winding formed by two turns (7) placed one above (along z) and one below each Treating Chamber, with the possibility that one of the two turns be absent, said turns receiving the current coming from the first outlet (2a) of the converter (2) and providing to generate the magnetic field through the related Treating Chamber;

- eventually a plurality of ferrite plates (8), forming the magnetic nucleus of each turn (7);

- at leasty one Resonance Condenser (6), placed downstream one or more turns

(7);

- "launchers" of Hertz waves (15) of the type of those employed in the microwave ovens, laid each in such a way as to launch Hertz waves through each Treating

Chamber (1), being said launchers connected with one another in parallel;

- two "wave guides" per Treating Chamber, interposed one (16) between the launcher (15) and the Treating Chamber (1), and the other (17) downstream the same Treating Chamber;

- a Primary Phase Regulator (10) placed downstream the Voltage Transformer

- (9) with the function of regulating the phase relation between the electric field strength E of the electric field and the vector B of the magnetic field for the one only Treating Chamber or for the complex in parallel of the Treating Chambers;

- an eventual, in the case of plurality of Treating Chambers, multiplicity of Secundary Phase Regulators (10a), interposed each between the Primary

Phase Regulator (10) and a Treating Chamber, said Regulators (10a) singly controlling for the related Treating Chamber the phase relation between the electric field strength E of the electric field and the vector B of the magnetic field.

6. Device according to claims 3, 4, in which there are present a plurality of Treating Chambers (1) laid aligned along a Treating Tube (14) or a plurality of Treating

Tubes (14) laid side by side or superimposed.

7. Motor for the linear propulsion or compression of fluids (liquid and gases) or of solids (in pieces, in powder or in suspension in liquids), characterized by the fact of comprising a device according to any of the preceding claims.

8. Generator of electricity fed by fluids under pressure, characterized by the fact of comprising a device according to any of the preceding claims.

9. Flow indicator for fluids, characterized by the fact of comprising a device according to any of the preceding claims.

10. Separator of chemical components in liquid or gas phase, characterized by the fact of comprising a device according to any of the preceding claims.

11. Separator of isotopes of atoms in liquid or gas phase, characterized by the fact of comprising a device according to any of the preceding claims.