WO2011068432A1

WO2011068432A1 - Dental implant (variants)

Info

Publication number: WO2011068432A1
Application number: PCT/RU2009/000666
Authority: WO
Inventors: Владимир Алексеевич ВАСИЛЬЕВ; Валерий Валерьевич СЕРБУЛОВ
Original assignee: Vasiliev Vladimir Alexeevich; Serbulov Valery Valerievich
Priority date: 2009-12-03
Filing date: 2009-12-03
Publication date: 2011-06-09
Also published as: EA016543B1; EA200901571A1

Abstract

The invention relates to orthopaedic stomatology. The dental implant for prosthetic dentistry comprises a root portion in the form of an element having an elongated shape and a blind hole, and an abutment in the form of a rod with a noncircular cross section which is inserted into the cavity of the blind hole, with one end of a coiled compression spring which is arranged in the cavity of this hole being fixed to the base of said abutment. The blind hole is formed with a cross section which repeats the cross section of the rod, said rod having, on the end which interacts with the coiled spring, a spherical head with a diameter greater than the transverse dimension of the rod, wherein a depression with a spherical shape is formed in the wall of the blind hole in the root portion, with this depression being in response to the spherical head of the rod and having a height greater than the height of the spherical head of the rod in order to provide for the axial movement of this rod over the section of the depression with a spherical shape and to provide for angular shift.

Description

Dental implant (options)

Technical field

The invention relates to medicine, namely to orthopedic dentistry, the section "implantology".

State of the art

The traditional methods of orthopedic treatment of patients with partial absence of teeth include prosthetics with fixed bridges, telescopic bridges, clasps, etc. An alternative method of treatment is to fix dentures on osseointegrated implants. Therefore, the development of dental implants is currently being conducted from the standpoint of searching for bioplastic materials optimal for medical and technical characteristics for the manufacture of implants and improving the design of the dental implant itself.

Modern materials are becoming more durable, their quality is increasing, the risk of complications is reduced, operational techniques are being modified, and treatment time is shortened.

For example, the single-stage screw implant of the Radix-Gimlet and Radix-Gimlet series of titanium is known, one of the advantages of which is its strength // Radix Dental Implant System. Product Catalog//. All components of the implant are made of titanium industrial cleaning (degree of purification - 1U). The surface of the implants is created by milling or sandblasting with particles of titanium dioxide. The implantable part is a self-tapping screw with a thread and parallel sides. The length and diameter of the implants to be installed is selected based on the height and width of the alveolar bone of the patients. The length of the implants is usually from 8 to 19 mm with a diameter of 3.5 and 4 ,. Oh mm. The apical end of the implant is characterized by a narrower shaft, bearing the beginning of the apical thread. This thread is also intended for self-tapping in the cortical layer. The cutting grooves with wide surfaces allow for atraumatic distribution of self-cutting thread chips at the end of the implant. The apical part of the thread is expressed differently depending on the length of the implant. Minimal expansion in the transition region reduces the risk of germination of the epithelium in the cut structure of the thread and bone. Due to the stepped shape of the implant shaft, the effect of internal compensation is achieved. Due to this effect, when bone quality is unsatisfactory, bone is densified around the implant and thereby increased primary stability in the cancellous bone.

However, any metal inclusions used as supports or connecting elements in bone tissue have a significant drawback - material tolerance. Traces of metal after a while are found in the blood, liver and other organs. In addition, the elastic modulus of a titanium implant differs significantly from the elastic modulus of the bone tissue into which it is implanted, which can lead to deformation of the bone tissue.

Dental implants made of a pyrocarbon material with a titanium rod are known. The length and diameter of the implants to be installed corresponds to the height and width of the alveolar bone of the patients. The length of the implants is from 8 to 19 mm with a diameter of 3.5 and 4.0 mm. Such an example of the construction of a dental implant made of monolithic pyrocarbon is described in RU Ns 53142, А61С13 / 10, publ. 05/10/2006, Carbon-based materials do not have pathogenicity, do not cause pronounced uncompensated damage to tissue structures when implanted in bone defects. Pyrocarbon does not inhibit adaptive bone remodeling. As a result of reactive processes developing in bone tissue during implantation of these materials, they are successfully integrated into the surrounding tissue structures. As an example, the authors propose a type of implantable artificial support in section with an internal titanium rod. An implantable artificial support of a conical shape with a length of 14.5 mm, a diameter of 4 mm, a diameter of the apical end 1 mm, a round profile thread and cutting grooves on the outer surface and a titanium rod 1 mm wide with a length of 4 mm.

The disadvantage of this dental implant is that it is a monolithic structure, the strength of which is due to the physical characteristics of the material from which it is made. Since the teeth are constantly subject to dynamic loads, the value of which sometimes exceeds the strength characteristics of the material from which the implant is made, it is possible to destroy the crown or the implant itself or change its spatial position relative to adjacent teeth. The same picture is observed with an incorrect spatial arrangement of the implant, as a result of which the crown load is not on the entire surface, but has a local character.

A dental implant is known that contains a base element in the form of an artificial support inserted into the intraosseous space and is made in the form of a sleeve with externally located ribs, inside of which there is an elastic element such as a rubber washer with a central opening, as well as an abutment made with a head in which there is a hexagonal blind hole for installing the crown, and a cylindrical rod that is inserted into the cavity of the sleeve until it stops in the elastic element, while the rod is pulled through the hole in the rubber washer providing some damping of the abutment relative to the support, the abutment in the support is held by elastic clamping of its rod in the washer (see EP N ° 2076206, A61C8 / 00, A61C13 / 08, A61C 13/225, publ. 08.07.2009). This decision was made as a prototype for the declared objects. The presence of an elastic element as a shock absorber can significantly reduce the effects of power perpogruzki tooth from external pressure. The disadvantage of this dental implant is that the abutment has the possibility of elastic displacement precisely along its axis under dynamic load on the artificial tooth (crown). Lateral loads are not damped, which can lead to deformation of the support or to incorrect spatial position of the tooth.

Disclosure of invention

In the article "Abutment with a micro-shock absorber" (author - Dr. Thomas Lauks (University of Sarajevo), posted online on the Internet on the official "DENT" website of Adent, at: http://ident2.ru/catalogue / abatments / article / it is indicated that “implants implanted in the bone exhibit an exclusively linear deviation compared to natural teeth, since they do not have a periodontal ligament of natural teeth, whose collagen structures play a special role in the reception and distribution of masticatory forces. Elastic connective tissue fibers The Sharpey of a desmodont is a kind of shock absorber in natural teeth when exposed to any mechanical force, which means that the natural mobility of a natural tooth under vertical loading will be up to 20 microns.

However, due to the ankylotic fixation of the implants in the surrounding bone tissue, the implants are inferior to the masticatory forces arising under a vertical load of only 2 μm. Therefore, mechanical overload of the implant can lead to fractures and cracks both in it and in the frozen abutment of the denture. It is also sometimes considered as an additional factor explaining the occurrence of peri-implantitis.

With the help of a titanium shock absorber mounted on the implant, synchronous mobility of the periodontal ligament of natural teeth and fixed implants in the bridge connection is ensured. The result of this is the achievement of a constant uniformity in the distribution of masticatory force on various bridge supports.

According to the results of the FEM study, in fixed abutments, high-voltage regions with voltage peaks in the preimplantar cortical substance of the jaw bone and, especially, in the denture were found, while similar voltage peaks were not found in the abutment shock absorbers, and the masticatory force was evenly distributed preimplantation cortex and denture. "

The present invention is directed to solving the technical problem of creating a dental implant having the possibility of spatial self-installation (self-positioning) and damping of lateral and axial peak dynamic loads with the distribution of this load on adjacent teeth.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is to improve the operational properties of the implant, increase its reliability and durability due to the formation of damping properties and self-installation in the implant under dynamic influence and the possibility of regulating this mobility.

The specified technical result for the first embodiment is achieved by the fact that in the dental implant for prosthetics containing the root part, made in the form of an oblong shape of the element with a blind hole, and the abutment in the form of a rod inserted into the cavity of the blind hole, to the bottom of which one end is attached placed in the cavity of this hole of the elastic element, the other end of which is pressed against the end surface of the abutment rod, the elastic element is made in the form of a coil compression spring, the rod is made n of non-circular section, the blind hole is made with a section that repeats the cross-section of the rod, which, on the side of the interaction with the coil spring, is made with a sphere-shaped head whose diameter is larger than the transverse dimension of the rod, while in the wall of the blind hole is root the part is made of a sphere-shaped recess, corresponding to the shape of the sphere-shaped head of the rod and whose height is greater than the height of the sphere-shaped head of the rod to ensure axial movement of this rod in the area of the sphere-shaped form of the recess and angular displacement.

Moreover, for reliable attachment of the denture, the shaft is hexagonal and a through hole with an internal thread is made in the shaft.

The specified technical result for the second embodiment is achieved by the fact that in the dental implant for prosthetics containing the root part, made in the form of an oblong shape of the element with a blind hole, and the abutment in the form of a rod inserted into the cavity of the blind hole, to the bottom of which one end is attached placed in the cavity of this hole of the elastic element, the other end of which is pressed against the end surface of the abutment rod, the elastic element is made in the form of a coil compression spring, the rod is made n of non-circular section, the blind hole is made with a section that repeats the cross-section of the rod, which, on the side of the interaction with the coil spring, is made with a sphere-shaped head, the diameter of which is larger than the transverse size of the rod, while in the wall of the blind hole of the root part there is a sphere-shaped recess corresponding to the shape of a sphere-shaped the head of the rod and the height of which is greater than the height of the spherical head of the rod to ensure axial movement of this rod in the area of the spherical shape of the recess and angular displacement, while in the rod there is a through hole with an internal thread for installing a restrictive element in the form of a screw with a head screwed into the rod to strengthen the denture and an emphasis in the form of a smooth cylinder with a rounded end diameter corresponding to the inner diameter of the compression spring. These features are significant and are interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

Description of the figures of the drawings

The present invention is illustrated by a specific example of execution, which, however, is not the only possible, but clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving the desired technical result.

In FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of a dental implant assembly, a first embodiment;

FIG. 2 - general view of the mobile abutment;

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section of a dental implant assembly, a second embodiment.

The best embodiments of the invention

According to the present invention, the construction of a dental implant used for prosthetics of an artificial tooth is contemplated. At the same time, this implant is performed with the function of damping (damping) the load on the tooth and correcting the spatial position of the denture in the mode of self-installation (self-positioning). However, in the framework of the present invention does not address issues related to the use of special materials, metals or alloys.

According to the present invention, the dental implant denture implant (Fig. 1) according to the first embodiment contains the root part 1, made in the form of an oblong element with a blind hole (the external structure or shape of this element is not interesting and is not affected in the description, is an implant the root shape, plays the same role as the root of the tooth, because its location should be similar - the root implant should be surrounded by bone tissue and should not protrude from under gums), and abutment 2 in the form of a rod 3 (Fig. 2), inserted into the cavity of a blind hole, to the bottom of which one end of the elastic element placed in the cavity of this hole in the form of a compression coil spring 4, the other end of which is pressed against the end surface of the rod abutment (can also be attached to this surface). An abutment is a connecting link between a dental implant and a denture attached to it.

To avoid rotations around the longitudinal axis, the rod 3 is made of non-circular cross section, for example, hexagonal, as shown in FIG. 2. The blind hole is made with a section repeating the cross section of the rod 3. The rod 3 from the side of interaction with the coil compression spring 4 is made with a sphere-shaped head 5, the diameter of which is larger than the transverse size of the rod. In the wall of the blind hole of the root part 1 there is a sphere-shaped recess corresponding to the shape of the sphere-shaped head of the rod and the height of which is greater than the height of the sphere-shaped head of the rod to ensure axial movement of this rod in the area of the sphere-shaped form of the recess (due to the gaps formed along the height of the recess) and angular displacement type of ball joint or ball bearing).

Thus, the mobile abutment in the spring-loaded state has the possibility of some axial movement (depreciation mode) and angular displacement due to the interaction of the sphere-shaped contacting surfaces of the shaft head and the recess in the wall of the blind hole. Angular displacements become possible due to the fact that any transverse dimension of the blind hole in the area from the sphere-shaped head of the rod to its exit from the blind hole is slightly larger than the transverse size of the rod (the presence of gaps). Angular offset is performed as part of the gap selection.

For reliable attachment of the denture, the shaft 3 is hexagonal and a through hole 6 with an internal thread is made in the shaft to strengthen the denture. A dental implant is used as follows.

The crown of the tooth is mounted on top of the hexagonal rod 3 from above and is fixedly screwed with the help of a thread and a screw. The crown load is transferred to the mobile base (abutment) and compression spring, thereby compressing the spring and sliding the faces of the spherical head along the inner cylindrical hole of the root part 1, and the spherical or sphere-shaped shape of the shaft head allows the tooth crown to move in all directions (planes) .

The second embodiment (FIG. 3) repeats the construction of the first embodiment of FIG. 1, 2, but additionally contains a restrictive element 7, made in the form of a screw, the head of which may be different (therefore not shown), the screw shaft is made with a thread corresponding to the thread in the mobile support (shaft 3). The screw shaft of various lengths ends with a stop 8 in the form of a smooth cylinder with a rounded end with a diameter corresponding to the inner diameter of the compression spring 4.

When using the implant, it is necessary to use a fixing element (screw), which fixes the supragingival structure (crowns, abutment) to the mobile support. Using a screw of different lengths, it is possible to limit the lateral and vertical mobility of the mobile support. Moreover, the more the screw enters the lower turns of the spring, the smaller the amplitude of the lateral movements of the mobile support, that is, the longer the lower part of the screw (smooth, without thread with a rounded end), the higher the elasticity of the intramobile structure during lateral movements of the mobile support. You can use a screw with a maximum length (Fig. 3 shows a dash-dotted line) until it stops in the bottom of the implant, which excludes any movement of the mobile support. Such "immobilization" of the mobile support can be used when the spring is worn, when its elasticity has been lost. The result is an implant with intramobile structure can be transferred to a conventional (fixed) implant with its further use.

Using a device for resonance frequency analysis, we measured changes in the stability of implants in patients whose prostheses were made on abutments with dampers. The indicators obtained in this study prove that the stability coefficients of the implants studied immediately after the installation of shock absorbers and load tests, even at various initial indicators, are equalized after several weeks and demonstrate a high level of stability. In addition, during the study, not a single fact of a prosthesis fracture was noted. Therefore, the abutment with damping and the possibility of angular positioning guarantee optimal biomechanics and optimizes prosthetics.

Industrial applicability

The present invention is industrially applicable, can be manufactured using known technologies used in the manufacture of implants in modern dentistry.

Claims

Claim

1. A dental implant for prosthetics containing a root part made in the form of an oblong element with a blind hole, and an abutment in the form of a rod inserted into a cavity of a blind hole, to the bottom of which one end of an elastic element placed in the cavity of the hole is attached, the other end which is pressed against the end surface of the abutment shaft, characterized in that the elastic element is made in the form of a coil compression spring, the rod is made of a non-circular section, a blind hole is made with a section, rep a cross-section of the rod, which on the side of interaction with the coil spring is made with a sphere-shaped head, the diameter of which is larger than the transverse size of the rod, while in the wall of the blind hole of the root part there is a sphere-shaped recess corresponding to the shape of the sphere-shaped rod head and the height of which is greater than the height of the sphere-shaped rod head to ensure the axial movement of this rod in the area of the spherical shape of the recess and angular displacement.

2. The dental implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft is hexagonal.

3. The dental implant according to claim 1, characterized in that a through hole with a female thread is made in the shaft

4. A dental implant for prosthetics containing a root part made in the form of an oblong element with a blind hole, and an abutment in the form of a rod inserted into a cavity of a blind hole, to the bottom of which one end of an elastic element placed in the cavity of the hole is attached, the other end which is pressed against the end surface of the abutment shaft, characterized in that the elastic element is made in the form of a coil compression spring, the rod is made of a non-circular section, a blind hole is made with a section, rep the range of this a cross-section of the rod, which on the side of interaction with the coil spring is made with a sphere-shaped head, the diameter of which is larger than the transverse size of the rod, while in the wall of the blind hole of the root part there is a sphere-shaped recess corresponding to the shape of the sphere-shaped rod head and whose height is greater than the height of the sphere-shaped rod head for ensuring axial movement of this rod in the area of the sphere-shaped form of the recess and angular displacement, while a through hole with an inside An early thread for installing a restrictive element in the form of a screw with a head screwed into the shaft to strengthen the denture and an emphasis in the form of a smooth cylinder with a rounded end with a diameter corresponding to the inner diameter of the compression spring.