WO2011092363A2 - System and method for managing the charging of batteries in an electric vehicle - Google Patents

System and method for managing the charging of batteries in an electric vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011092363A2
WO2011092363A2 PCT/ES2011/070048 ES2011070048W WO2011092363A2 WO 2011092363 A2 WO2011092363 A2 WO 2011092363A2 ES 2011070048 W ES2011070048 W ES 2011070048W WO 2011092363 A2 WO2011092363 A2 WO 2011092363A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
batteries
battery
charge
managing
current
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PCT/ES2011/070048
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
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WO2011092363A3 (en
Inventor
Félix Guindulain Vidondo
Original Assignee
Jofemar, S. A.
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Publication of WO2011092363A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011092363A2/en
Publication of WO2011092363A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011092363A3/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention describes a system and method for optimally managing the charging and discharging of a battery pack, more particularly, a battery pack for an electric vehicle.
  • an electric vehicle requires an energy store, normally constituted by a group of interconnected batteries according to different series / parallel combinations according to each case.
  • an energy store normally constituted by a group of interconnected batteries according to different series / parallel combinations according to each case.
  • the characteristics of the batteries used in the same electric car are similar, there may be small differences between them due to the manufacturing processes, mainly in terms of the level of electrical energy that they are capable of storing or parameters such as car current discharge. These differences, even though they are small, cause that in the repetition of cycles of load and discharge some batteries accumulate tension over the rest and that others discharge more than the due.
  • the system must also control catastrophic situations, for example a current consumption of the batteries above the maximum marked for the electric motor, such as that which would occur in the event of an accidental short circuit at the exit of the battery block.
  • catastrophic situations for example a current consumption of the batteries above the maximum marked for the electric motor, such as that which would occur in the event of an accidental short circuit at the exit of the battery block.
  • the system of the present invention solves the previous problem thanks to a system that measures the charge of each battery, its temperature and the charge / discharge current that passes through it, and based on these data decides whether it is necessary to dissipate part of the energy contributed to a battery particular during a loading operation, or take other measures.
  • the battery charge management system in an electric vehicle of the present invention comprises: a) A current sensor that passes through the batteries, preferably a Hall effect current sensor. This current sensor allows to control the state of charge of the batteries, and detect situations such as an overcurrent above the maximum recommended levels. b) A plurality of battery control cards, each of which is connected to up to 12 batteries and up to 3 temperature sensors.
  • the temperature sensors are used to check the temperature in the area of the batteries and, in addition, ensure that in the balancing process due to resistive charges of the batteries there is no overheating in the battery control cards.
  • a balancing process consists in dissipating in heat the excess energy of a particular battery during a charging operation.
  • Each battery control card comprises an A / D converter that converts the voltages of the batteries from analog to digital, a plurality of power resistors that dissipate excess energy during balancing processes, and a microcontroller that controls their operation.
  • the A / D converter is an LTC6802 model, although it could be any other model.
  • a battery control card coordinator connected to the microcontroller of each battery control card and a current sensor running through the batteries, preferably a Hall effect current sensor.
  • the card coordinator receives the data about the level of charge of the batteries and their temperature (from the battery control cards), as well as about the current that passes through them (from the current sensor), and determines if a balancing process to follow within the specifications of the battery manufacturer.
  • a bus with galvanic isolation which interconnects the batteries, the controller and the current sensor. In this way, it is possible to solve the voltage differences generated by the batteries that are intended to be controlled.
  • Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the different parts that make up the system of the invention.
  • the system of this example comprises 3 reading cards (T) respectively connected to sets of 5 batteries (B1 ... B5; B6 ... B10; B11 ... B15). Note that this is only a simplified example of the invention, since each card (T) is actually connectable to up to 12 batteries (B). Each reading card (T) is also connected to 3 temperature sensors, which for simplicity are not shown in the figure. The temperature sensors obtain data about the temperature in the area of the batteries and the reading card (T) itself.
  • the system also comprises a card coordinator (C) connected via a galvanically isolated bus (B) to the different reading cards (T) and the current sensor (I).
  • each card (T) periodically receives data about the batteries (B) to which it is connected, specifically the level of charge and temperature, and sends this data to the card coordinator (C) through the bus (B ) galvanically isolated.
  • the coordinator (C) also taking counts the charging current it receives from the current sensor (I), performs the necessary calculations to determine if it is necessary to balance the charge of any of the batteries (B) and, in that case, communicates with the corresponding card (T) to send the appropriate orders.
  • the system verifies the state of the batteries (B) by checking for possible excess temperatures and controlling, through the simultaneous measurement of voltage and current, the state of charge of each battery (B) and the value of its internal resistance thanks to the variation of the voltage as a function of the current consumed in the discharge.
  • the system checks the correct integrity of all the interconnections of the batteries (B) with each other when forming the series circuit of batteries (B), since in case of a faulty connection that had a certain ohmic value this Small resistance would be visualized as an increase in the internal resistance of that same battery (B).
  • This system also ensures that during the discharge process none of the batteries (B) have a voltage below the minimum working voltage recommended by the manufacturer.
  • this information on the amount of energy available in each battery (B) during discharge can be used to force a reduced consumption mode (for example, by limiting the maximum speed) in the electric vehicle when charging the batteries (B) falls below a certain threshold.
  • the system's function is to verify that none of the batteries (B) is charged above the maximum voltage recommended by the manufacturer. If this situation is detected, the output lines necessary to stop charging will be activated and thus avoid overcharging a battery (B).
  • a balancing process is performed consisting of activating an individual discharge current in those batteries (B) whose charge level is too high.
  • the excess charge is dissipated by means of resistors placed on the cards themselves for those batteries (B) that have a voltage above the rest of the batteries (B).
  • resistors placed on the cards themselves for those batteries (B) that have a voltage above the rest of the batteries (B).
  • a uniform voltage equivalent to the maximum charging voltage recommended by the manufacturer in the entire battery group is achieved in the final steps of the balancing process (B).
  • the system is also able to detect accidental short circuits at the outlet of the batteries, which can occur exceptionally in situations such as a bad manipulation of the motor area or in a traffic accident, thus complementing the functionality that a conventional fuse can provide .
  • the system's current sensor (I) periodically monitors the current consumed from the batteries (B), and in case of detecting a current greater than a certain threshold for a certain time, it activates an output line that allows cut the battery outlet (B) that goes to the motor (M) with the appropriate mechanical procedure (usually a relay), thus safeguarding the integrity of the batteries (B).

Abstract

The present invention describes a system and a method for managing a set of batteries for an electric vehicle which comprises battery (B) reading cards (T) which comprise an A/D converter which converts the battery (B) voltages from analogue to digital, a plurality of power resistances which dissipate excess energy during balancing operations, and a microcontroller which controls the operation thereof; a coordinator (C) for battery (B) control cards (T) which is connected to the microcontroller of each battery (B) control card (T) and to a sensor (I) for detecting the current which passes through the batteries (B); and a bus (B) which has electrical isolation and interconnects the batteries (B), the controller (C) and the current sensor (I).

Description

SISTEMA Y PROCEDIMIENTO DE GESTIÓN DE CARGA DE BATERÍAS DE SYSTEM AND PROCEDURE FOR BATTERY CHARGING MANAGEMENT
UN VEHÍCULO ELÉCTRICO AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE
D E S C R I P C I Ó N D E S C R I P C I Ó N
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención describe un sistema y un procedimiento para gestionar de una manera óptima la carga y descarga de un conjunto de baterías, más particularmente, un conjunto de baterías para un vehículo eléctrico. The present invention describes a system and method for optimally managing the charging and discharging of a battery pack, more particularly, a battery pack for an electric vehicle.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
El funcionamiento de un vehículo eléctrico requiere de un almacén de energía, normalmente constituido por un grupo de baterías interconectadas según diferentes combinaciones serie/paralelo según cada caso. Aunque las características de las baterías que se utilizan en un mismo coche eléctrico son similares, puede haber pequeñas diferencias entre ellas debido a los procesos de fabricación, principalmente en cuanto al nivel de energía eléctrica que son capaces de almacenar o a parámetros como la corriente de auto descarga. Estas diferencias, aun siendo pequeñas, provocan que en la repetición de ciclos de carga y descarga algunas baterías acumulen tensión por encima del resto y que otras se descarguen más de lo debido. Sin embargo, para alargar lo máximo posible su vida útil es aconsejable mantener en todo momento las baterías dentro de las especificaciones del fabricante, que normalmente consisten en unos niveles de tensión de celda máximo y mínimo. Esto es especialmente importante en ciertos tipos de baterías, como por ejemplo en las baterías de ión de litio, cuya vida útil puede verse reducida enormemente si se sobrecargan o se sobredescargan. Este problema es especialmente grave en vista del elevado precio de las baterías. En consecuencia, es necesario controlar de un modo sencillo el estado de cada una de las baterías de forma individual, de forma que el mal funcionamiento de una de ellas sea rápidamente detectado y no comprometa el funcionamiento del conjunto completo. Además, es también muy importante conocer en todo momento el nivel de energía disponible dentro de cada batería para poder estimar el alcance de un vehículo eléctrico. The operation of an electric vehicle requires an energy store, normally constituted by a group of interconnected batteries according to different series / parallel combinations according to each case. Although the characteristics of the batteries used in the same electric car are similar, there may be small differences between them due to the manufacturing processes, mainly in terms of the level of electrical energy that they are capable of storing or parameters such as car current discharge. These differences, even though they are small, cause that in the repetition of cycles of load and discharge some batteries accumulate tension over the rest and that others discharge more than the due. However, to extend the service life as much as possible, it is advisable to keep the batteries at all times within the manufacturer's specifications, which normally consist of maximum and minimum cell voltage levels. This is especially important in certain types of batteries, such as lithium-ion batteries, whose useful life can be greatly reduced if they are overcharged or overloaded. This problem is especially serious in view of the high price of the batteries. Consequently, it is necessary to control in a simple way the state of each of the batteries individually, so that the malfunction of one of them is quickly detected and does not compromise the operation of the complete set. In addition, it is also very important to know at all times the level of energy available within each battery in order to estimate the range of an electric vehicle.
Por otro lado, es critico controlar la adecuada conexión de las baterías entre si, ya que, debido a las elevadas intensidades que circulan en un vehículo eléctrico, la existencia de pequeñas resistencias causadas por mal contacto eléctrico entre las baterías pueden provocar perdida de potencia y sobrecalentamiento. On the other hand, it is critical to control the proper connection of the batteries to each other, since, due to the high intensities that circulate in an electric vehicle, the existence of small resistances caused by bad electrical contact between the batteries can cause loss of power and overheating
Además, el sistema debe controlar también las situaciones catastróficas, por ejemplo un consumo de corriente de las baterías por encima del máximo marcado para el motor eléctrico, como el que se produciría en caso de un cortocircuito accidental a la salida del bloque de las baterías. Estas situaciones no siempre pueden controlarse adecuadamente con un fusible convencional, ya que el tiempo de actuación de un fusible de gran tamaño es muy largo, y además necesita una corriente muy elevada respecto a la corriente normal de trabajo para que pueda fundirse. In addition, the system must also control catastrophic situations, for example a current consumption of the batteries above the maximum marked for the electric motor, such as that which would occur in the event of an accidental short circuit at the exit of the battery block. These situations cannot always be adequately controlled with a conventional fuse, since the operation time of a large fuse is very long, and it also needs a very high current compared to the normal working current so that it can blow.
Aunque existen actualmente algunos sistemas que realizan algunas de estas funciones, ninguno de ellos ha resuelto aún el problema de modo satisfactorio. Although there are currently some systems that perform some of these functions, none of them have yet solved the problem satisfactorily.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
El sistema de la presente invención resuelve la problemática anterior gracias a un sistema que mide la carga de cada batería, su temperatura y la corriente de carga/descarga que la atraviesa, y en función de estos datos decide si es necesario disipar parte de la energía aportada a una batería particular durante una operación de carga, o bien tomar otro tipo de medidas. Para ello, el sistema de gestión de carga de baterías en un vehículo eléctrico de la presente invención comprende: a) Un sensor de la corriente que atraviesa las baterías, preferentemente un sensor de corriente por efecto Hall. Este sensor de corriente permite controlar el estado de carga de las baterías, y detectar situaciones tales como una sobrecorriente por encima de los niveles máximos recomendados. b) Una pluralidad de tarjetas de control de baterías, cada una de las cuales está conectada hasta a 12 baterías y hasta a 3 sensores de temperatura. Los sensores de temperatura sirven para comprobar la temperatura en la zona de las baterías y, adicionalmente, aseguran que en el proceso de balanceo por cargas resistivas de las baterías no se produzcan sobrecalentamientos en las tarjetas de control de baterías. En este contexto, un proceso de balanceo consiste en disipar en calor la energía sobrante de una batería particular durante una operación de carga. Cada tarjeta de control de baterías comprende un conversor A/D que convierte las tensiones de las baterías de analógico a digital, una pluralidad de resistencias de potencia que disipan energía sobrante durante procesos de balanceo, y un microcontrolador que controla su funcionamiento. Preferentemente, el conversor A/D es un modelo LTC6802, aunque podría ser cualquier otro modelo. c) Un coordinador de tarjetas de control de baterías conectado al microcontrolador de cada tarjeta de control de baterías y a un sensor de la corriente que atraviesa las baterías, preferentemente un sensor de corriente de efecto Hall. El coordinador de tarjetas recibe los datos acerca del nivel de carga de las baterías y su temperatura (de las tarjetas de control de baterías), así como acerca de la corriente que las atraviesa (del sensor de corriente), y determina si es necesario un proceso de balanceo para seguir dentro de las especificaciones del fabricante de la batería. d) Un bus con aislamiento galvánico, que interconecta las baterías, el controlador y el sensor de corriente. De este modo, es posible solucionar las diferencias de tensión que generan las propias baterías que se pretenden controlar. The system of the present invention solves the previous problem thanks to a system that measures the charge of each battery, its temperature and the charge / discharge current that passes through it, and based on these data decides whether it is necessary to dissipate part of the energy contributed to a battery particular during a loading operation, or take other measures. For this, the battery charge management system in an electric vehicle of the present invention comprises: a) A current sensor that passes through the batteries, preferably a Hall effect current sensor. This current sensor allows to control the state of charge of the batteries, and detect situations such as an overcurrent above the maximum recommended levels. b) A plurality of battery control cards, each of which is connected to up to 12 batteries and up to 3 temperature sensors. The temperature sensors are used to check the temperature in the area of the batteries and, in addition, ensure that in the balancing process due to resistive charges of the batteries there is no overheating in the battery control cards. In this context, a balancing process consists in dissipating in heat the excess energy of a particular battery during a charging operation. Each battery control card comprises an A / D converter that converts the voltages of the batteries from analog to digital, a plurality of power resistors that dissipate excess energy during balancing processes, and a microcontroller that controls their operation. Preferably, the A / D converter is an LTC6802 model, although it could be any other model. c) A battery control card coordinator connected to the microcontroller of each battery control card and a current sensor running through the batteries, preferably a Hall effect current sensor. The card coordinator receives the data about the level of charge of the batteries and their temperature (from the battery control cards), as well as about the current that passes through them (from the current sensor), and determines if a balancing process to follow within the specifications of the battery manufacturer. d) A bus with galvanic isolation, which interconnects the batteries, the controller and the current sensor. In this way, it is possible to solve the voltage differences generated by the batteries that are intended to be controlled.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
La Fig. 1 muestra un esquema de las diferentes partes que componen el sistema de la invención. Fig. 1 shows a diagram of the different parts that make up the system of the invention.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
Se describe a continuación un ejemplo de sistema de acuerdo con la presente invención haciendo referencia a la figura adjunta, en la que se ha representado un conjunto de 15 baterías (B) que alimenta un motor (M) de un vehículo eléctrico y que está controlado por medio del sistema de la invención. An example of a system according to the present invention is described below with reference to the attached figure, in which a set of 15 batteries (B) that feeds a motor (M) of an electric vehicle and that is controlled is shown by means of the system of the invention.
El sistema de este ejemplo comprende 3 tarjetas (T) de lectura respectivamente conectadas a conjuntos de 5 baterías (B1 ...B5; B6... B10; B11 ...B15). Nótese que se trata únicamente de un ejemplo simplificado de la invención, ya que realmente cada tarjeta (T) es conectable hasta a 12 baterías (B). Cada tarjeta (T) de lectura está conectada además a 3 sensores de temperatura, que por simplicidad no se muestran en la figura. Los sensores de temperatura obtienen datos acerca de la temperatura en la zona de las baterías y de la propia tarjeta (T) de lectura. The system of this example comprises 3 reading cards (T) respectively connected to sets of 5 batteries (B1 ... B5; B6 ... B10; B11 ... B15). Note that this is only a simplified example of the invention, since each card (T) is actually connectable to up to 12 batteries (B). Each reading card (T) is also connected to 3 temperature sensors, which for simplicity are not shown in the figure. The temperature sensors obtain data about the temperature in the area of the batteries and the reading card (T) itself.
El sistema comprende además un coordinador (C) de tarjetas conectado a través de un bus (B) aislado galvánicamente a las diferentes tarjetas (T) de lectura y al sensor (I) de corriente. De este modo, cada tarjeta (T) recibe periódicamente datos acerca de las baterías (B) a las que está conectada, en concreto nivel de carga y temperatura, y envía estos datos al coordinador (C) de tarjetas a través del bus (B) aislado galvánicamente. El coordinador (C), teniendo también en cuenta la corriente de carga que recibe del sensor (I) de corriente, realiza los cálculos necesarios para determinar si es necesario balancear la carga de alguna de las baterías (B) y, en ese caso, se comunica con la tarjeta (T) correspondiente para enviar las órdenes adecuadas. The system also comprises a card coordinator (C) connected via a galvanically isolated bus (B) to the different reading cards (T) and the current sensor (I). In this way, each card (T) periodically receives data about the batteries (B) to which it is connected, specifically the level of charge and temperature, and sends this data to the card coordinator (C) through the bus (B ) galvanically isolated. The coordinator (C), also taking counts the charging current it receives from the current sensor (I), performs the necessary calculations to determine if it is necessary to balance the charge of any of the batteries (B) and, in that case, communicates with the corresponding card (T) to send the appropriate orders.
Más concretamente, durante los procesos de descarga, el sistema verifica el estado de las baterías (B) comprobando posibles excesos de temperatura y controlando, a través de la medida simultánea de la tensión y de la corriente, el estado de la carga de cada batería (B) y el valor de su resistencia interna gracias a la variación de la tensión en función de la corriente consumida en la descarga. Además, durante la descarga el sistema comprueba la correcta integridad de todas las interconexiones de las baterías (B) entre sí al formar el circuito serie de baterías (B), ya que en caso de haber una conexión defectuosa que tuviera un cierto valor ohmico esta pequeña resistencia sería visualizada como un aumento de la resistencia interna de esa misma batería (B). More specifically, during the discharge processes, the system verifies the state of the batteries (B) by checking for possible excess temperatures and controlling, through the simultaneous measurement of voltage and current, the state of charge of each battery (B) and the value of its internal resistance thanks to the variation of the voltage as a function of the current consumed in the discharge. In addition, during the discharge the system checks the correct integrity of all the interconnections of the batteries (B) with each other when forming the series circuit of batteries (B), since in case of a faulty connection that had a certain ohmic value this Small resistance would be visualized as an increase in the internal resistance of that same battery (B).
Este sistema también asegura que durante el proceso de descarga ninguna de las baterías (B) llegue a tener una tensión por debajo de la tensión mínima de trabajo recomendada por el fabricante. Además, esta información de la cantidad de energía disponible en cada batería (B) durante la descarga puede utilizarse para forzar un modo de consumo reducido (por ejemplo, mediante la limitación de la velocidad máxima) en el vehículo eléctrico cuando la carga de las baterías (B) cae por debajo de un umbral determinado. Por otro lado, durante procesos de carga, la función del sistema es comprobar que ninguna de las baterías (B) se carga por encima de la tensión máxima recomendada por el fabricante. En caso de detectarse esta situación, se activarán las líneas de salida necesarias para detener la carga y de esta forma evitar la sobrecarga de una batería (B). This system also ensures that during the discharge process none of the batteries (B) have a voltage below the minimum working voltage recommended by the manufacturer. In addition, this information on the amount of energy available in each battery (B) during discharge can be used to force a reduced consumption mode (for example, by limiting the maximum speed) in the electric vehicle when charging the batteries (B) falls below a certain threshold. On the other hand, during charging processes, the system's function is to verify that none of the batteries (B) is charged above the maximum voltage recommended by the manufacturer. If this situation is detected, the output lines necessary to stop charging will be activated and thus avoid overcharging a battery (B).
Adicionalmente, durante el proceso de carga se realiza un proceso de balanceado consistente en activar una corriente de descarga individual en aquellas baterías (B) cuyo nivel de carga sea demasiado elevado. La carga sobrante se disipa por medio de unas resistencias colocadas sobre las propias tarjetas para aquellas baterías (B) que tengan una tensión por encima del resto de baterías (B). De esta forma, mediante la descarga selectiva de aquellas baterías (B) con tensiones más altas se consigue alcanzar en los pasos finales del proceso de balanceo una tensión uniforme y equivalente a la tensión máxima de carga recomendada por el fabricante en todo el grupo de baterías (B). Additionally, during the charging process a balancing process is performed consisting of activating an individual discharge current in those batteries (B) whose charge level is too high. The excess charge is dissipated by means of resistors placed on the cards themselves for those batteries (B) that have a voltage above the rest of the batteries (B). In this way, by means of the selective discharge of those batteries (B) with higher voltages, a uniform voltage equivalent to the maximum charging voltage recommended by the manufacturer in the entire battery group is achieved in the final steps of the balancing process (B).
El sistema también es capaz de detectar cortocircuitos accidentales a la salida de las baterías, que pueden producirse de forma excepcional en situaciones como una mala manipulación de la zona del motor o en un accidente de circulación, complementando así la funcionalidad que puede proporcionar un fusible convencional. Para ello, el sensor (I) de corriente del sistema monitoriza de forma periódica la corriente consumida de las baterías (B), y en caso de detectar una corriente mayor a un determinado umbral durante un determinado tiempo, acciona una línea de salida que permite cortar con el procedimiento mecánico adecuado (normalmente un relé) la salida de las baterías (B) que va hacia el motor (M), salvaguardando de esta forma la integridad de las baterías (B). The system is also able to detect accidental short circuits at the outlet of the batteries, which can occur exceptionally in situations such as a bad manipulation of the motor area or in a traffic accident, thus complementing the functionality that a conventional fuse can provide . To do this, the system's current sensor (I) periodically monitors the current consumed from the batteries (B), and in case of detecting a current greater than a certain threshold for a certain time, it activates an output line that allows cut the battery outlet (B) that goes to the motor (M) with the appropriate mechanical procedure (usually a relay), thus safeguarding the integrity of the batteries (B).

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Sistema de gestión de carga de baterías (B) de un vehículo eléctrico, caracterizado porque comprende: 1. Battery charge management system (B) of an electric vehicle, characterized in that it comprises:
- una pluralidad de tarjetas (T) de lectura de baterías (B), cada una de las cuales está conectada a hasta 12 baterías (B) y a hasta 3 sensores de temperatura, y que comprende un conversor A/D que convierte las tensiones de las baterías (B) de analógico a digital, una pluralidad de resistencias de potencia que disipan energía sobrante durante operaciones de balanceo, y un microcontrolador que controla su funcionamiento;  - a plurality of battery reading cards (T), each of which is connected to up to 12 batteries (B) and up to 3 temperature sensors, and comprising an A / D converter that converts the voltages of the batteries (B) from analog to digital, a plurality of power resistors that dissipate excess energy during balancing operations, and a microcontroller that controls their operation;
- un coordinador (C) de tarjetas (T) de control de baterías (B) conectado al microcontrolador de cada tarjeta (T) de control de baterías (B) y a un sensor (I) de la corriente que atraviesa las baterías (B), que recibe la corriente, temperatura y carga de cada batería (B) y determina si es necesario una operación de balanceo para no superar la tensión máxima recomendada de alguna de las baterías (B); y - a coordinator (C) of battery control cards (T) (B) connected to the microcontroller of each battery control card (T) (B) and a sensor (I) of the current flowing through the batteries (B) , which receives the current, temperature and charge of each battery (B) and determines if a balancing operation is necessary so as not to exceed the maximum recommended voltage of any of the batteries (B); Y
- un bus (B) con aislamiento galvánico que interconecta las baterías (B), el controlador (C) y el sensor (I) de corriente. - a bus (B) with galvanic isolation that interconnects the batteries (B), the controller (C) and the current sensor (I).
2. Sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 , donde el conversor A/D es un modelo LTC6802. 2. System according to claim 1, wherein the A / D converter is an LTC6802 model.
3. Sistema de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, donde el sensor (I) de corriente es un sensor de corriente por efecto Hall. 3. System according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the current sensor (I) is a current sensor by Hall effect.
4. Coche eléctrico que comprende el sistema de gestión de baterías de cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1-3. 4. Electric car comprising the battery management system of any of claims 1-3.
5. Procedimiento de gestión de carga de baterías (B) de un vehículo eléctrico mediante el sistema de cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1-3, caracterizado porque comprende verificar que ninguna de las baterías (B) se carga por encima de una tensión máxima recomendada, realizando descargas individuales en baterías (B) cuyo nivel de carga sea excesivo. 5. Procedure for managing the charging of batteries (B) of an electric vehicle by means of the system of any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that it comprises verifying that none of the batteries (B) is charged above a maximum recommended voltage, making individual discharges in batteries (B) whose charge level is excessive.
6. Procedimiento de gestión de carga de baterías (B) según la reivindicación 5, que además comprende monitorizar la resistencia interna de las baterías (B) y determinar la aparición de una conexión defectuosa en caso de detectar un aumento excesivo de alguna de ellas. 6. Procedure for managing battery charge (B) according to claim 5, further comprising monitoring the internal resistance of the batteries (B) and determining the appearance of a faulty connection in case of detecting an excessive increase in any of them.
7. Procedimiento de gestión de carga de baterías (B) según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 5-6, que además comprende verificar que ninguna de las baterías (B) llegue a tener una tensión por debajo de la tensión mínima recomendada. 7. Procedure for managing battery charge (B) according to any of claims 5-6, further comprising verifying that none of the batteries (B) have a voltage below the minimum recommended voltage.
8. Procedimiento de gestión de carga de baterías (B) según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 5-7, que además comprende limitar la velocidad del vehículo cuando la carga de las baterías (B) cae por debajo de un umbral inferior. 8. Procedure for managing battery charge (B) according to any of claims 5-7, further comprising limiting the speed of the vehicle when the battery charge (B) falls below a lower threshold.
9. Procedimiento de gestión de carga de baterías (B) según la reivindicación 5, que además comprende detener la carga cuando alguna de las baterías (B) supera la tensión máxima recomendada. 9. Battery charge management method (B) according to claim 5, further comprising stopping the charge when any of the batteries (B) exceeds the maximum recommended voltage.
10. Procedimiento de gestión de carga de baterías (B) según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 5-7, que además comprende desconectar el motor (M) cuando la corriente por las baterías (B) supera un determinado umbral durante un determinado intervalo de tiempo. 10. Procedure for managing battery charge (B) according to any of claims 5-7, which further comprises disconnecting the motor (M) when the current through the batteries (B) exceeds a certain threshold during a certain time interval.
PCT/ES2011/070048 2010-01-26 2011-01-25 System and method for managing the charging of batteries in an electric vehicle WO2011092363A2 (en)

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ESP201030095 2010-01-26
ES201030095A ES2377399B1 (en) 2010-01-26 2010-01-26 SYSTEM AND PROCEDURE FOR BATTERY CHARGING MANAGEMENT OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE.

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JP4092580B2 (en) * 2004-04-30 2008-05-28 新神戸電機株式会社 Multi-series battery control system
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