WO2011106344A1 - Phosphorescent emitters - Google Patents
Phosphorescent emitters Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011106344A1 WO2011106344A1 PCT/US2011/025807 US2011025807W WO2011106344A1 WO 2011106344 A1 WO2011106344 A1 WO 2011106344A1 US 2011025807 W US2011025807 W US 2011025807W WO 2011106344 A1 WO2011106344 A1 WO 2011106344A1
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- 0 C[C@]1C(*2C(c3ccccc3C(*)(C3)I=C)=*3c3c2cccc3)=C2Oc3ccccc3C2=C1C Chemical compound C[C@]1C(*2C(c3ccccc3C(*)(C3)I=C)=*3c3c2cccc3)=C2Oc3ccccc3C2=C1C 0.000 description 13
- SDHNJSIZTIODFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N c(cc1)cc(c2c3cccc2)c1[n]3-c(cc1)cc2c1[s]c(cc1)c2cc1-[n]1c2ccccc2c2c1cccc2 Chemical compound c(cc1)cc(c2c3cccc2)c1[n]3-c(cc1)cc2c1[s]c(cc1)c2cc1-[n]1c2ccccc2c2c1cccc2 SDHNJSIZTIODFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YUFONPPSLOZSAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1Nc2ccccc2Oc2c1cccc2 Chemical compound C1Nc2ccccc2Oc2c1cccc2 YUFONPPSLOZSAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGZIKDGXSKRRDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)=Cc(c(N)c1C=C(C)C)cc2c1[o]c1ccccc21 Chemical compound CC(C)=Cc(c(N)c1C=C(C)C)cc2c1[o]c1ccccc21 DGZIKDGXSKRRDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCYCBRNWSJBZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)Cc(c(N)c1CC(C)C)cc2c1[o]c1ccccc21 Chemical compound CC(C)Cc(c(N)c1CC(C)C)cc2c1[o]c1ccccc21 CCYCBRNWSJBZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZPISCHKXXGAIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)Cc(cc(c(cccc1)c1[o]1)c1c1CC(C)C)c1-[n]1c(-c2ccccc2)ncc1 Chemical compound CC(C)Cc(cc(c(cccc1)c1[o]1)c1c1CC(C)C)c1-[n]1c(-c2ccccc2)ncc1 DZPISCHKXXGAIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFPDVZVQODMFKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)Cc(cc(c(cccc1)c1[o]1)c1c1CC(C)C)c1N1C(c2ccccc2)=NCC1 Chemical compound CC(C)Cc(cc(c(cccc1)c1[o]1)c1c1CC(C)C)c1N1C(c2ccccc2)=NCC1 BFPDVZVQODMFKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAKWWUOVBPGSAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)c(cc(c1ccccc1[o]1)c1c1C(C)C)c1-[n]1c(-c2ccccc2)ncc1 Chemical compound CC(C)c(cc(c1ccccc1[o]1)c1c1C(C)C)c1-[n]1c(-c2ccccc2)ncc1 IAKWWUOVBPGSAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXDBASWROVXZOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)c(cc(c1ccccc1[o]1)c1c1C(C)C)c1N1C(c2ccccc2)=NCC1 Chemical compound CC(C)c(cc(c1ccccc1[o]1)c1c1C(C)C)c1N1C(c2ccccc2)=NCC1 QXDBASWROVXZOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXRVVBRBGFBEFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)c(cc1[o]c(cccc2)c2c1c1C(C)C)c1-[n]1c(-c2ccccc2)ncc1 Chemical compound CC(C)c(cc1[o]c(cccc2)c2c1c1C(C)C)c1-[n]1c(-c2ccccc2)ncc1 UXRVVBRBGFBEFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKWIUUISIFXUPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(Nc1ccccc1Oc1ccccc1)=O Chemical compound CC(Nc1ccccc1Oc1ccccc1)=O MKWIUUISIFXUPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWBNPMXJESKORU-VIFPVBQESA-N C[C@@H](C(C)=C1)c2c1[s]c1c2cccc1 Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(C)=C1)c2c1[s]c1c2cccc1 QWBNPMXJESKORU-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTFKRVXLBCAIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1ccccc1OC Chemical compound Cc1ccccc1OC DTFKRVXLBCAIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic System
- C07F15/0006—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic System compounds of the platinum group
- C07F15/0033—Iridium compounds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/342—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising iridium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6576—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only sulfur in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. benzothiophene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1044—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing two nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/18—Metal complexes
- C09K2211/185—Metal complexes of the platinum group, i.e. Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh or Pd
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/10—Triplet emission
Definitions
- the claimed invention was made by, on behalf of, and/or in connection with one or more of the following parties to a joint university corporation research agreement: Regents of the University of Michigan, Princeton University, The University of Southern California, and the Universal Display Corporation. The agreement was in effect on and before the date the claimed invention was made, and the claimed invention was made as a result of activities undertaken within the scope of the agreement.
- the present invention relates to organic light emitting devices (OLEDs). More specifically, the present invention relates to phosphorescent organic materials containing a ligand with a dibenzo-fused 5-membered ring substituent and devices containing these compounds.
- organic opto-electronic devices have the potential for cost advantages over inorganic devices.
- the inherent properties of organic materials such as their flexibility, may make them well suited for particular applications such as fabrication on a flexible substrate.
- organic opto-electronic devices include organic light emitting devices (OLEDs), organic phototransistors, organic photovoltaic cells, and organic photodetectors.
- OLEDs organic light emitting devices
- the organic materials may have performance advantages over conventional materials. For example, the wavelength at which an organic emissive layer emits light may generally be readily tuned with appropriate dopants.
- OLEDs make use of thin organic films that emit light when voltage is applied across the device. OLEDs are becoming an increasingly interesting technology for use in applications such as flat panel displays, illumination, and backlighting. Several OLED materials and configurations are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,844,363, 6,303,238, and 5,707,745, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
- phosphorescent emissive molecules are full color display.
- Industry standards for such a display call for pixels adapted to emit particular colors, referred to as "saturated" colors.
- these standards call for saturated red, green, and blue pixels. Color may be measured using CIE coordinates, which are well known to the art.
- One example of a green emissive molecule is tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium, denoted Ir(ppy) 3 , which has the structure:
- organic includes polymeric materials as well as small molecule organic materials that may be used to fabricate organic opto-electronic devices.
- Small molecule refers to any organic material that is not a polymer, and "small molecules” may actually be quite large. Small molecules may include repeat units in some circumstances. For example, using a long chain alkyl group as a substituent does not remove a molecule from the "small molecule” class. Small molecules may also be incorporated into polymers, for example as a pendent group on a polymer backbone or as a part of the backbone. Small molecules may also serve as the core moiety of a dendrimer, which consists of a series of chemical shells built on the core moiety. The core moiety of a dendrimer may be a
- a dendrimer may be a "small molecule,” and it is believed that all dendrimers currently used in the field of OLEDs are small molecules.
- top means furthest away from the substrate, while “bottom” means closest to the substrate.
- first layer is described as “disposed over” a second layer, the first layer is disposed further away from substrate. There may be other layers between the first and second layer, unless it is specified that the first layer is "in contact with” the second layer.
- a cathode may be described as “disposed over” an anode, even though there are various organic layers in between.
- solution processible means capable of being dissolved, dispersed, or transported in and/or deposited from a liquid medium, either in solution or suspension form.
- a ligand may be referred to as "photoactive” when it is believed that the ligand directly contributes to the photoactive properties of an emissive material.
- a ligand may be referred to as "ancillary” when it is believed that the ligand does not contribute to the photoactive properties of an emissive material, although an ancillary ligand may alter the properties of a photoactive ligand.
- a first "Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital” (HOMO) or “Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital” (LUMO) energy level is "greater than” or "higher than” a second HOMO or LUMO energy level if the first energy level is closer to the vacuum energy level.
- IP ionization potentials
- a higher HOMO energy level corresponds to an IP having a smaller absolute value (an IP that is less negative).
- a higher LUMO energy level corresponds to an electron affinity (EA) having a smaller absolute value (an EA that is less negative).
- the LUMO energy level of a material is higher than the HOMO energy level of the same material.
- a "higher” HOMO or LUMO energy level appears closer to the top of such a diagram than a "lower” HOMO or LUMO energy level.
- a first work function is "greater than” or “higher than” a second work function if the first work function has a higher absolute value. Because work functions are generally measured as negative numbers relative to vacuum level, this means that a "higher” work function is more negative. On a conventional energy level diagram, with the vacuum level at the top, a “higher” work function is illustrated as further away from the vacuum level in the downward direction. Thus, the definitions of HOMO and LUMO energy levels follow a different convention than work functions.
- a and B are each independently a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring.
- B is phenyl.
- R A , RB, RC, and RD represent mono, di, tri, or tetra substitutions.
- RA, RB, RC, and R D are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl and heteroaryl.
- RA, RB, RC, and RD are optionally fused.
- X is selected from the group consisting of CRR', NR, O, and S.
- R and R' are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl and aryl.
- the ligand L is coordinated to a metal M having an atomic number greater than 40.
- M is Ir.
- the compound is homoleptic.
- homoleptic compounds include, without limitation, Compounds 1 -72 and Compounds 83-114.
- the compound is heteroleptic and all of the ligands L in the compound have Formula I. In yet another aspect, the compound is heteroleptic and at least one of the ligands L in the compound have Formula I.
- Rc is two alkyl substituents. In another aspect, Rc is two alkyl substituents having 3 or more carbon atoms.
- the ring containing Rc may have further substitutions at the positions ortho to the carbon atom connected to A.
- the ring containing Rc is substituted at one of the positions ortho to the carbon atom connected to A.
- the ring containing Rc has two substituents located at the positions ortho to the carbon atom connected to A.
- the ring containing Rc has one substituent that is located at a position ortho to the carbon atom attached to A and the other position ortho to the carbon atom attached to A is occupied by the substituted dibenzo moiety.
- Rc is hydrogen
- the compound is selected from the group consisting of Compound 1- Compound 1 14.
- R A is fused to A.
- R A is an aryl or heteroaryl. More preferably, RA is imidazole.
- Compounds including a dibenzo-substituted benzimidazole ligand include compounds selected from the group consisting of Compound 37 - Compound 72.
- the compound comprises a ligand L wherein X is O.
- Compounds comprising a dibenzofuran ligand include compounds selected from the group consisting of Compound 1 - Compound 48.
- the compound comprises a ligand L wherein X is S.
- Compounds comprising a dibenzothiophene ligand include compounds selected from the group consisting of Compound 13- Compound 60.
- the compound comprises a ligand L wherein X is NR.
- Compounds comprising a carbazole ligand include compounds selected from the group consisting of Compound 25 - Compound 72.
- a first device comprising an organic light emitting device is also provided.
- the organic light emitting device further comprises an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer, disposed between the anode and the cathode, the organic layer comprising a compound comprising a ligand L having Formula I, as discussed above.
- Selections for the substituents described as preferred for the compound including the ligand L having Formula I are also preferred for use in a device that comprises a compound including a ligand L having Formula I. These selections include those described for B, M, Rc, RA, and X.
- a and B are each independently a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring.
- B is phenyl.
- RA, RB, RC, and RD represent mono, di, tri, or tetra substitutions.
- RA, RB, RC, and RD are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl and heteroaryl.
- R A , RB, RC, and RD are optionally fused.
- X is selected from the group consisting of CRR', NR, O, and S.
- R and R' are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl and aryl.
- the ligand L is coordinated to a metal M having an atomic number greater than 40.
- M is Ir.
- the first device is a consumer product. In one particular aspect, the first device is an organic light emitting device. In another particular aspect, the first device is a display. [0031] In one aspect, the compound is homoleptic. In another aspect, the compound is heteroleptic and all of the ligands L in the compound have Formula I. In yet another aspect, the compound is heteroleptic and at least one of the ligands L in the compound have Formula I.
- Rc is two alkyl substituents. In another aspect, Rc is two alkyl substituents having 3 or more carbon atoms.
- the ring containing Rc is substituted at both positions ortho to the carbon atom connected to A.
- Rc is hydrogen
- the devices include a compound selected from the group consisting of Compound 1 - Compound 1 14.
- the organic layer is an emissive layer and the compound comprising a ligand L having Formula I is an emitting dopant.
- the organic layer further comprises a host.
- the host has the formula:
- the host is H 1.
- FIG. 1 shows an organic light emitting device.
- FIG. 2 shows an inverted organic light emitting device that does not have a separate electron transport layer.
- FIG. 3 shows a ligand with a dibenzo-fused 5-membered ring substituent.
- an OLED comprises at least one organic layer disposed between and electrically connected to an anode and a cathode.
- the anode injects holes and the cathode injects electrons into the organic layer(s).
- the injected holes and electrons each migrate toward the oppositely charged electrode.
- an "exciton” which is a localized electron-hole pair having an excited energy state, is formed.
- Light is emitted when the exciton relaxes via a photoemissive mechanism.
- the exciton may be localized on an excimer or an exciplex. Non- radiative mechanisms, such as thermal relaxation, may also occur, but are generally considered undesirable.
- the initial OLEDs used emissive molecules that emitted light from their singlet states ("fluorescence") as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,769,292, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. Fluorescent emission generally occurs in a time frame of less than 10 nanoseconds.
- FIG. 1 shows an organic light emitting device 100.
- Device 100 may include a substrate 1 10, an anode 1 15, a hole injection layer 120, a hole transport layer 125, an electron blocking layer 130, an emissive layer 135, a hole blocking layer 140, an electron transport layer 145, an electron injection layer 150, a protective layer 155, and a cathode 160.
- Cathode 160 is a compound cathode having a first conductive layer 162 and a second conductive layer 164.
- Device 100 may be fabricated by depositing the layers described, in order. The properties and functions of these various layers, as well as example materials, are described in more detail in US 7,279,704 at cols. 6- 10, which are incorporated by reference.
- each of these layers are available.
- a flexible and transparent substrate-anode combination is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,844,363, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- An example of a p-doped hole transport layer is m- MTDATA doped with F.sub.4-TCNQ at a molar ratio of 50:1 , as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0230980, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- Examples of emissive and host materials are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,303,238 to
- n- doped electron transport layer is BPhen doped with Li at a molar ratio of 1 : 1 , as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0230980, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- FIG. 2 shows an inverted OLED 200.
- the device includes a substrate 210, a cathode 215, an emissive layer 220, a hole transport layer 225, and an anode 230.
- Device 200 may be fabricated by depositing the layers described, in order. Because the most common OLED configuration has a cathode disposed over the anode, and device 200 has cathode 215 disposed under anode 230, device 200 may be referred to as an "inverted" OLED. Materials similar to those described with respect to device 100 may be used in the corresponding layers of device 200.
- FIG. 2 provides one example of how some layers may be omitted from the structure of device 100.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 The simple layered structure illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 is provided by way of non- limiting example, and it is understood that embodiments of the invention may be used in connection with a wide variety of other structures.
- the specific materials and structures described are exemplary in nature, and other materials and structures may be used.
- Functional OLEDs may be achieved by combining the various layers described in different ways, or layers may be omitted entirely, based on design, performance, and cost factors. Other layers not specifically described may also be included. Materials other than those specifically described may be used. Although many of the examples provided herein describe various layers as comprising a single material, it is understood that combinations of materials, such as a mixture of host and dopant, or more generally a mixture, may be used. Also, the layers may have various sublayers.
- hole transport layer 225 transports holes and injects holes into emissive layer 220, and may be described as a hole transport layer or a hole injection layer.
- an OLED may be described as having an "organic layer" disposed between a cathode and an anode. This organic layer may comprise a single layer, or may further comprise multiple layers of different organic materials as described, for example, with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2.
- OLEDs comprised of polymeric materials (PLEDs) such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
- OLEDs having a single organic layer may be used.
- OLEDs may be stacked, for example as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,707,745 to Forrest et al, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- the OLED structure may deviate from the simple layered structure illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the substrate may include an angled reflective surface to improve out-coupling, such as a mesa structure as described in U.S. Pat. No.
- any of the* layers of the various embodiments may be deposited by any suitable method.
- preferred methods include thermal evaporation, ink-jet, such as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,013,982 and 6,087,196, which are incorporated by reference in their entireties, organic vapor phase deposition (OVPD), such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,337,102 to Forrest et al., which is incorporated by reference in its entirety, and deposition by organic vapor jet printing (OVJP), such as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/233,470, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- OVPD organic vapor phase deposition
- OJP organic vapor jet printing
- Other suitable deposition methods include spin coating and other solution based processes. Solution based processes are preferably carried out in nitrogen or an inert atmosphere.
- preferred methods include thermal evaporation.
- Preferred patterning methods include deposition through a mask, cold welding such as described in U.S. Pat
- 6,294,398 and 6,468,819 which are incorporated by reference in their entireties, and patterning associated with some of the deposition methods such as ink-jet and OVJD. Other methods may also be used.
- the materials to be deposited may be modified to make them compatible with a particular deposition method.
- substituents such as alkyl and aryl groups, branched or unbranched, and preferably containing at least 3 carbons, may be used in small molecules to enhance their ability to undergo solution processing. Substituents having 20 carbons or more may be used, and 3-20 carbons is a preferred range. Materials with asymmetric structures may have better solution processibility than those having symmetric structures, because asymmetric materials may have a lower tendency to
- Dendrimer substituents may be used to enhance the ability of small molecules to undergo solution processing.
- Devices fabricated in accordance with embodiments of the invention may be incorporated into a wide variety of consumer products, including flat panel displays, computer monitors, televisions, billboards, lights for interior or exterior illumination and/or signaling, heads up displays, fully transparent displays, flexible displays, laser printers, telephones, cell phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), laptop computers, digital cameras, camcorders, viewfinders, micro-displays, vehicles, a large area wall, theater or stadium screen, or a sign.
- PDAs personal digital assistants
- Various control mechanisms may be used to control devices fabricated in accordance with the present invention, including passive matrix and active matrix. Many of the devices are intended for use in a temperature range comfortable to humans, such as 18 degrees C. to 30 degrees C, and more preferably at room temperature (20-25 degrees C).
- the materials and structures described herein may have applications in devices other than OLEDs.
- other optoelectronic devices such as organic solar cells and organic photodetectors may employ the materials and structures.
- organic devices such as organic transistors, may employ the materials and structures.
- halo halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, arylkyl, heterocyclic group, aryl, aromatic group, and heteroaryl are known to the art, and are defined in US 7,279,704 at cols. 31-32, which are incorporated herein by reference.
- Novel compounds including a ligand with a dibenzo-fused 5-membered ring substituent are provided (illustrated in FIG. 3).
- the dibenzo-fused 5-membered ring substituents on the ligand include dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, carbazole, and fluorene ligands.
- the dibenzo-fused 5-membered ring substituent is twisted or minimally twisted out of plane with respect to the cyclometalling moiety of the ligand.
- the dihedral angle can be small, such as about 0° to about 40 °.
- biphenyl has two phenyl rings that are connected to each other and the dihedral angle is about 40 °.
- the dihedral angle may be less than or about 40 ° if one or both of ring Y and ring Z is a 5-membered ring, or if one or more of X1 -X4 is N instead of C- H.
- the dihedral angle has a significant effect on the conjugation between the two aromatic rings. It is believed that the two rings in biphenyl are fully conjugated to each other.
- minimally twisted is defined as a dihedral angle between 0 0 to 40 °
- twisted is defined as a dihedral angle is between 41 °-90 °.
- Organometallic compounds with a twisted aryl substituent have been reported in the literature (see US20070088167 and US20060251923). However, the compounds provided herein contain novel structures and demonstrate improved properties.
- the compounds herein comprise a ligand with a dibenzo-fused 5-membered ring substituent in which the dibenzo- fused 5-membered ring substituent may be twisted or minimally twisted with respect to the plane of the A ring.
- the dibenzo-fused 5-membered ring substituent may be twisted out of plane with respect to the A ring by the addition of bulky substituents at one or more of the positions ortho to the point of attachment between the dibenzo-fused 5-membered ring substituent and the rest of the ligand, i.e., the A ring.
- the addition of a bulky substituent at one ortho position may twist the dibenzo-fused 5-membered ring substituent to some extent, and decrease the conjugation between the A ring and the dibenzo-fused 5-membered ring substituent.
- Bulky substituents at both ortho positions will disrupt the conjugation completely, i.e., a dihedral angle close of 90 °.
- Compounds including a ligand with a twisted dibenzo-fused 5-membered ring substituent may have improved properties. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the bulkiness of the ortho substituent can twist the dibenzo-fused 5-membered ring substituent out of plane and disrupt conjugation. In particular, compounds with phenyl imidazole are prone to oxidation. It is thought that the steric effects created by the ortho substituent protects the A ring from attack by oxygen, which may increase the stability of the compound. The bulkiness of the ortho substituents also decreases stacking of the compound and thereby increases the quantum yield. Therefore, the twisted dibenzo-fused 5-membered ring substituted ligand may improve device efficiency and device lifetime.
- the LUMO is thought to be localized on the dibenzo-fused 5-membered ring substituent, i.e., C ring, on the ligand in the compounds.
- Dibenzofuran and dibenzothiophene segments in hosts can stabilize electrons. It is believed that increasing the conjugation of C ring may improve device stability.
- the compounds provided herein have a dibenzo-fused 5- membered ring as the LUMO position such that the compounds may provide better device stability.
- compounds including dibenzofuran and/or dibenzothiophene as the C ring may have a more stabilized LUMO and improved device stability.
- Compound 1 includes a dibenzofuran moiety and El includes a phenyl. Compound 1 showed improved stability in devices compared to El .
- the compounds provide beneficial properties while maintaining desirable emission spectra.
- the color of Compound 1 is only slightly shifted compared to El .
- the compounds provided have shorter excited state lifetimes and have higher radiative rates than previously reported compounds.
- the shortened transient lifetime of these compounds may provide improved photophysical properties.
- these compounds may spend less time in the excited state, thereby decreasing the possibility for photochemical reactions or quenching to occur.
- the measured transient lifetime of compounds provided is shorter than that of previously reported compounds (see Table 4). Therefore, these compounds may provide devices with improved stability.
- Novel compounds including a ligand with a dibenzo-fused 5-membered ring substituent are provided herein. These compounds provide a new type of material which may be advantageously used in OLEDs.
- a and B are each independently a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring.
- B is phenyl.
- RA, RB, RC, and RD represent mono, di, tri, or tetra substitutions.
- R A , RB, RC, and RD are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl and heteroaryl.
- RA, RB, RC, and RD are optionally fused.
- X is selected from the group consisting of CRR', NR, O, and S.
- R and R' are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl and aryl.
- the ligand L is coordinated to a metal M having an atomic number greater than 40.
- M is Ir.
- the compound is homoleptic.
- Homoleptic compounds may have several advantageous properties, such as straightforward synthesis and purification and predictable photophysical properties.
- homoleptic compounds may be easier to synthesize and purify because all of the ligands in the complex are the same.
- Examples of homoleptic compounds include, without limitation, Compounds 1-72 and Compounds 83- 1 14.
- the compounds provided herein may also be heteroleptic.
- Heteroleptic compounds may have several beneficial properties, including the ability to modify the properties of the compound.
- heteroleptic compounds provide highly tunable phosphorescent emissive materials, because the complex can contain different ligands with different HOMO/LUMO levels. Additionally, heteroleptic compounds may have a lower sublimation temperature.
- the compound is heteroleptic and all of the ligands L in the compound have Formula I. Example of these compounds include, without limitation, Compounds 81 and 82.
- the compound is heteroleptic and at least one of the ligands L in the compound have Formula I. Examples of these compounds include, without limitation, Compounds 73-82.
- Rc is two alkyl substituents.
- Rc is two alkyl substituents having 3 or more carbon atoms.
- Alkyl substituents having 3 or more carbon atoms may include straight chain alkyls having more than 3 carbon atoms (e.g., butyl), branched alkyls having more than 3 carbon atoms (e.g., isobutyl), and cycloalkanes having more than 3 carbon atoms (e.g., cyclohexyl).
- Examples of compounds wherein Rc is two alkyl substituents having 3 or more carbon atoms include, without limitation, Compounds 1- 82.
- the ring containing Rc may have further substitutions at the positions ortho to the carbon atom connected to A.
- the ring containing Rc is substituted at one of the positions ortho to the carbon atom connected to A.
- the ring containing Rc has two substituents located at the positions ortho to the carbon atom connected to A.
- These compounds may include, for example , Compounds 1, 2 and 4-6.
- the ring containing Rc has one substituent that is located at a position ortho to the carbon atom attached to A and the other position ortho to the carbon atom attached to A is occupied by the substituted dibenzo moiety.
- These compounds may include, for example, Compounds 3, 7, and 11.
- Rc is hydrogen.
- the dibenzo-fused 5-membered ring substituent of such compounds is minimally twisted out of plane with respect to the A ring, e.g. imidazole.
- Examples of compounds comprising a minimally-twisted dibenzo-fused 5-membered ring substituted ligand include, without limitation, Compounds 83 -1 14.
- the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
- RA is fused to A.
- RA is an aryl or heteroaryl. More preferably, R A is imidazole.
- Compounds including a dibenzo-fused 5-membered ring substituted benzimidazole ligand may have especially desirable properties, such as improved quantum efficiency and stability.
- Compounds including a dibenzo-fused 5-membered ring substituted benzimidazole ligand include compounds selected from the group consisting of:
- the compound comprises a ligand L wherein X is O.
- Compounds comprising a dibenzofuran ligand include compounds selected from the group consisting of:
- the compound comprises a ligand L wherein X is S.
- Compounds comprising a dibenzothiophene ligand include compounds selected from the group consisting of:
- the compound comprises a ligand L wherein X is NR.
- Compounds comprising a carbazole ligand include compounds selected from the group consisting of:
- a first device comprising an organic light emitting device.
- the organic light emitting device further comprises an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer, disposed between the anode and the cathode, the organic layer comprising a compound comprising a ligand L having Formula I, as discussed above.
- Selections for the substituents described as preferred for the compound including the ligand L having Formula I are also preferred for use in a device that comprises a compound including a ligand L having Formula I. These selections include those described for B, M, Rc, RA, and X.
- a and B are each independently a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring.
- B is phenyl.
- R A , RB, RC, and RD represent mono, di, tri, or tetra substitutions.
- RA, RB, RC, and RD are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl and heteroaryl.
- R A , RB, RC, and RQ are optionally fused.
- X is selected from the group consisting of CRR', NR, O, and S.
- R and R' are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl and aryl.
- the ligand L is coordinated to a metal M having an atomic number greater than 40.
- M is Ir.
- the first device is a consumer product.
- the first device is an organic light emitting device.
- the first device is a display.
- the compound is homoleptic.
- homoleptic compounds may have many desirable properties. Examples of homoleptic compounds include, without limitation, Compounds 1-72 and Compounds 83-1 14.
- the compound is heteroleptic and all of the ligands L in the compound have Formula I.
- the compound is heteroleptic and at least one of the ligands L in the compound have Formula I. Examples of these compounds include, without limitation, Compounds 73-82.
- heteroleptic compounds may be advantageously used.
- Rc is two alkyl substituents. In another aspect, Rc is two alkyl substituents having 3 or more carbon atoms.
- the ring containing Rc may have further substitutions at the positions ortho to the carbon atom connected to A.
- the ring containing Rc is substituted at one of the positions ortho to the carbon atom connected to A.
- the ring containing Rc has two substituents located at the positions ortho to the carbon atom connected to A.
- These compounds may include, for example , Compounds 1 , 2 and 4-6.
- the ring containing Rc has one substituent that is located at a position ortho to the carbon atom attached to A and the other position ortho to the carbon atom attached to A is occupied by the substituted dibenzo moiety.
- These compounds may include, for example, Compounds 3, 7, and 11.
- Rc is hydrogen
- the devices includes a compound selected from the group consisting of Compound 1 - Compound 1 14.
- the organic layer is an emissive layer and the compound comprising a ligand L having Formula I is an emitting dopant.
- the organic layer further comprises a host.
- the host has the formula:
- the host is:
- H1 The materials described herein as useful for a particular layer in an organic light emitting device may be used in combination with a wide variety of other materials present in the device.
- emissive dopants disclosed herein may be used in conjunction with a wide variety of hosts, transport layers, blocking layers, injection layers, electrodes and other layers that may be present.
- the materials described or referred to below are non-limiting examples of materials that may be useful in combination with the compounds disclosed herein, and one of skill in the art can readily consult the literature to identify other materials that may be useful in combination.
- hole injection materials In addition to and / or in combination with the materials disclosed herein, many hole injection materials, hole transporting materials, host materials, dopant materials, exiton/hole blocking layer materials, electron transporting and electron injecting materials may be used in an OLED.
- Non-limiting examples of the materials that may be used in an OLED in combination with materials disclosed herein are listed in Table 1 below. Table 1 lists non- limiting classes of materials, non-limiting examples of compounds for each class, and references that disclose the materials.
- Metal coordination US20040137268 complexes (e.g., Zn, Al US20040137267 with N A N ligands)
- the organic layer was separated, dried over magnesium sulfate, and filtered.
- the solvent was evaporated and pre-adsorbed onto Celite.
- the Celite mixture was purified by silica gel plug eluting with 10% to 50% dichloromethane in hexanes. 36.4 g (63% yield) desired product was obtained.
- dicyclohexyl(2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl-2-yl)phosphine (1.85 g, 4.51 mmol), benzaldehyde (5.7 mL, 56.4 mmol), potassium phosphate monohydrate (52 g, 226 mmol), toluene (400 mL), and water (40 mL) were mixed. Nitrogen was bubbled directly into the mixture for 15 minutes, then Pd 2 (dba) 3 (1.03 g, 1.13 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux overnight. After cooled to room temperature, the organic layer was separated. 40 mL of concentrated HC1 was added to the organic layer. The mixture was vigorously stirred for 1 h. Aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added to basify the mixture. The organic layer was separated and purify by silica gel plug eluting with 1 :1 dichloromethane/hexanes 19.1 g of a brown oil was obtained.
- the oil was dissolved in dichloromethane, washed with 10% sodium hydroxide, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, evaporated to a brown oil.
- the oil was purified using a 200 g Varian column eluting with 10% ethyl acetate/hexanes. 6.55 g (34% yield) of product was obtained.
- Monmorilonite K was added and was ground together finely with the potassium permanganate. This mixture was added to the solution in portions over 0.5 hours. Reaction was done 1 h after first addition. 100 mL of methanol was added and stirred for 1 h. The solid was filtered through Celite. The material was purified using a 200 g Varian column eluting with 20% ethyl acetate/hexanes. 2.1 g (44% yield) of product was obtained after column.
- Reaction mixture was degassed via bubbling nitrogen for 30 minutes and Pd 2 dba 3 (0.34 g, 0.4 mmol) was added at this time. Reaction mixture was degassed for another 10 minutes and then refluxed for 3 h. Crude reaction mixture was filtered through a Celite pad and partitioned between brine and ethylacetate. Ethylacetate layer was washed with IN HC1 followed by saturated Na 2 C0 3 solution and finally dried over anhydrous Na 2 S0 4 . Crude product was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel with 40% DCM/Hexanes. Target compound (4.8 g, 99% yield) was isolated as light red color oil.
- reaction was quenched with MeOH and filtered thru a Celite pad.
- Crude product was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel with 80% DCM/Hexane to 80% DCM/ethylacetate. 3 g light yellow color oil was isolated. This oil was further purified by reverse phase chromatography. Target compound (1.3 g, 28%) yield) was isolated as white solid.
- the potassium permanganate (5.58 g, 35.3 mmol) and Montmorillonite K-10 clay (10 g) were mixed and finely grounded. The mixture was slowly (about 15 minutes) added into the mixed solution of dichloromethane (50 mL), acetonitrile (150 mL) and 1 -(1 ,3- diisopropyldibenzo[Z>,i/] furan-4-yl)-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-l H-imidazole (7 g, 17.6 mmol), which was cooled by ice bath. Then the reaction was stirred for another hour and quenched by adding 20 mL of ethanol. Filtered through a Celite plug.
- benzaldehyde (0.47g, 4.4 mmol) 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(2-methylprop-l -enyl)-l ,3,2- dioxaborolane (3.2 g, 17.6 mmol), potassium phosphate (6.08 g, 26 mmol), 2- dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl (0.28 g, 0.704 mmol), Pd 2 (bda) 3 (0.161 g, 0176 mmol) and water (6 mL) were sequentially added. The solution was refluxed for overnight in an atmosphere of nitrogen and then allowed to cool to room temperature.
- the reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate and the organic phase was separated from the aqueous phase.
- the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent was removed under vacuum.
- the product was chromatographed using silica gel with ethylacetate and hexanes as the eluent. The solvent was removed to give 1.05 g (82% yield) of title compound.
- This KMn0 4 -K- 10 powder was added portion-wise to a solution of l-(2,4-diisopropyldibenzo[b,d]thiophen-3- yl)-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazole (4.8 g, 1 1.63 mmol) in CH 3 CN (40 mL) and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 2 h. 5 mL ethanol was added to reduce excess oxidant. After stirring for an additional 30 minutes, the mixture was filtered through a short pad of Celite and the solid washed with methylene chloride (50 mL). The filtrate was evaporated and the resulting crude material was purified by chromatography on Si0 2 to obtain desired imidazole (1.2 g, 25%).
- All device examples were fabricated by high vacuum ( ⁇ 10 ⁇ Torr) thermal evaporation.
- the anode electrode is 800A of indium tin oxide (ITO).
- the cathode consisted of 10 A of LiF followed by 1000 A of Al. All devices were encapsulated with a glass lid sealed with an epoxy resin in a nitrogen glove box ( ⁇ 1 ppm of H 2 0 and 0 2 ) immediately after fabrication, and a moisture getter was incorporated inside the package.
- the organic stack of the Devices consisted of sequentially, from the ITO surface, 100 A of E2 as the hole injection layer (HIL), 300 A of 4,4'-bis[N-(l -naphthyl)-N- phenylamino]biphenyl (a-NPD) as the hole transporting later (HTL), 300 A of HI doped with 15% or 9% of the emissive dopant, e.g., Compounds 1 and 13, as the emissive layer (EML), 50 A of HI as the blocking layer (BL), and 400 A of Alq 3 (tris-8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum) as the electron transporting layer (ETL).
- HIL hole injection layer
- a-NPD 4,4'-bis[N-(l -naphthyl)-N- phenylamino]biphenyl
- HTL hole transporting later
- HTL hole transporting later
- EML emissive dopant
- EML emiss
- Comparative Device Example 1 was fabricated similarly to Device Examples 1-3, except El was used the emitting dopant.
- emissive dopants for the emissive layer of an OLED are provided. These compound may lead to devices having particularly good properties.
- the device structures are provided in Table 2, and the corresponding device data are provided in Table 3.
- Cmpd. is an abbreviation for Compound. Ex. is an abbreviation for Example. Comp. is an abbreviation for Comparative.
- the invention compounds as emitting dopants in blue phosphorescent OLEDs give long device lifetime.
- the lifetime, LT 8 o % (defined as the time required for the initial luminescence, L 0 , to decay 80% of its value, at a constant current density from an initial brightness of 2000 cd/m at room temperature) of the invention compounds are much higher compared to El .
- Compounds 1 and 13 have a lifetime of 320 h and 264 h, respectively, compared to 155 h for El .
- the transient lifetimes of Compounds 1 , 2, 3, 4, 13 and A are shown in Table 4. It was found that compounds with dibenzofuran (i.e., X is O) and dibenzothiophene (i.e., X is S) substitution have shorter transient lifetimes. In particular, the 77K PL transient lifetimes of Compounds 1-4 and 13 were less than lifetimes measured for previously reported compounds. Specifically, Compounds 1-4 and 13 had a lifetime of ⁇ 2.6 compared to El, which had a lifetime of 3.2 (see Table 4). The reduced transient lifetime may be an important photophysical property of the compounds, because compounds with shorter excited state lifetimes have higher radiative rates. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that these compounds may be more stable in the device because the molecule spends less time in the excited state. Thus, there is a reduced likelihood that photochemical reactions or quenching may occur. Therefore, these compounds may provide devices with improved lifetime.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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KR1020127024785A KR101711239B1 (en) | 2010-02-25 | 2011-02-23 | Phosphorescent emitters |
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US20110204333A1 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
KR20130036200A (en) | 2013-04-11 |
TWI551665B (en) | 2016-10-01 |
US9156870B2 (en) | 2015-10-13 |
TW201139612A (en) | 2011-11-16 |
JP2013520508A (en) | 2013-06-06 |
JP6013194B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 |
EP2539913B1 (en) | 2017-09-27 |
EP2539913A4 (en) | 2013-11-06 |
CN102770935A (en) | 2012-11-07 |
KR101711239B1 (en) | 2017-02-28 |
EP2539913A1 (en) | 2013-01-02 |
CN102770935B (en) | 2016-04-13 |
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