WO2011123965A1 - Apparatus for moving loads on slip sheets - Google Patents

Apparatus for moving loads on slip sheets Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011123965A1
WO2011123965A1 PCT/CL2011/000022 CL2011000022W WO2011123965A1 WO 2011123965 A1 WO2011123965 A1 WO 2011123965A1 CL 2011000022 W CL2011000022 W CL 2011000022W WO 2011123965 A1 WO2011123965 A1 WO 2011123965A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
forks
sliding
pantograph
movement
loads
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CL2011/000022
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jorge Fundador HERRERA MUÑOZ
Original Assignee
Herrera Munoz Jorge Fundador
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Herrera Munoz Jorge Fundador filed Critical Herrera Munoz Jorge Fundador
Publication of WO2011123965A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011123965A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
    • B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
    • B66F9/075—Constructional features or details
    • B66F9/12—Platforms; Forks; Other load supporting or gripping members
    • B66F9/19—Additional means for facilitating unloading
    • B66F9/195—Additional means for facilitating unloading for pushing the load

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an equipment for movement of cargo deposited on sliding sheets (slip sheet), which optimizes the discharge time by increasing the operating speed, allows rapid loading / unloading of packages in stacks and minimizes space between charges DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART
  • the present invention is specifically located in the field of palletized merchandise movement arranged on sliding sheets.
  • pantograph system that performs two actions, throw the bulge, (through the sliding sheet) and push out for its Downloading this solution is especially necessary when you do not use pallets.
  • This type of solution is best known in the field as "push-pull" systems, consisting of a mechanism of the pantograph type generally actuated by linear actuators.
  • the load is mounted on a flat platform that is arranged on the fork of the crane or replacing the forks with ones with a larger surface, as can be seen for example in US patent US4,752,179, this allows the load arranged in sheets slide on it.
  • Sliding sheets which are known as "slip sheets” in the area
  • slip sheets have a significantly lower cost than a pallet and practically does not take up space in the container, also eliminating environmental and recycling problems.
  • the sliding sheets are normally made of some solid fiber or plastic and have a dimension greater than the perimeter of the load or bulk, so that its edges protrude from the load.
  • the push-pull system In operation, and since the sliding blades protrude from the edges of the load, the push-pull system has a jaw mechanism at its front end, which bites the protruding edge of the slip sheet and so is capable of dragging attracting the load and putting it on the flat platform, it does not lift it from below as when using pallet, but rather drag it by sliding it and pulling it along the slip sheet In opposition, when the package has to be unloaded, it acts pushed outwards by stretching the pantograph mechanism.
  • this type of roller fork equipment is capable of taking and leaving cargo at floor level very efficiently. Not so when you have to take conventional pallet.
  • RF (roller fork) pallet a type of pallet that is used exclusively with this roller fork system, known in the field as RF (roller fork) pallet.
  • RF roller fork
  • These pallets have cleats in their upper face and separated from each other in such a way as to generate spaces for the introduction of the forks and take the load that is with sliding plates.
  • roller-fork occurs in the loading of closed trucks or containers, is that it is not possible to minimize the space between loads, since a load properly arranged inside the truck or container must keep the pallets or packages as close as possible.
  • each other mainly for two reasons, the first is because if the distance between stowage is reduced, they will be affirming each other, in that sense, if the pallets are far apart give space for them to turn with the movement of transport; the second reason has to do with the optimization of the cargo space inside the truck or container, since if the packages are close to each other, the space can be maximized; on the contrary, if the pallets are being separated from each other, it may happen that the last row of cargo does not fit in the container, has to be removed and in the end this useful space is lost.
  • the present invention addresses this problem, providing a versatile device that adapts to the different requirements of use, optimizing the time spent joining both teams into one and minimizing the space between the packages.
  • the invention presented relates to a device for movement of cargo deposited on sliding sheets (slip sheet), which optimizes the discharge time by increasing the operating speed, allows rapid loading / unloading of packages in stacks and minimizes the space between charges when confined in a given space, such as a closed container or truck.
  • the present invention addresses it from the possibility of this system being potentiated, by using the system that works faster; thus, the operations normally carried out by the push-pull and that can be replaced by the Roller-fork system would now be addressed by the one that is faster and, those operations that the Roller-fork cannot perform, are now possible to through this joint system, which offers as a result, the union of both systems boosted and with all the problems that result from the physical adaptation between them.
  • the roller-fork system consists of pallets that are placed in the place of the traditional cranes of a crane, said forks being rollers composed of a back and a pallet as such; said back is a straight piece that on its back has a hook system with the front of the crane;
  • the pallet as such is a straight rectangular piece, which in its back has a pivotal joint system with the back.
  • the body of the vanes has a supporting structure that houses groups of rollers arranged in two layers or levels, being in tangential contact with each other, such that when the rollers of the lower layer rotate when rolling on the floor, in one direction, the movement it is transmitted to the upper rollers that rotate in the opposite direction, thus generating an upper rolling surface that facilitates the taking of the load, normally arranged on sliding sheets.
  • the shape of the profile of the palette with rollers is of a plate of straight lower face and slightly inclined upper face that at its free end is curved so descending to facilitate the confrontation with the load and enter between the bottom of the slip sheet (with the load)
  • the bottom surface of the pallets be in constant contact with the bottom surface (floor) where the load is perched, which in turn It is on a sliding sheet. While the lower surface of the forks is in contact with the ground, it will be possible for the entire roller train that composes it to act effectively, allowing fast forward or reverse below the load, and more specifically, below the sliding sheet .
  • the roller-fork system has the disadvantage of not being able to stack at two or more levels, since it needs a solid and straight surface for the contact of the lower layer of rollers, which in turn transmit the movement towards the upper layer of the rollers.
  • the second load level is placed on top of the first load level, and this surface is not always solid enough, like the ground, to allow the correct operation of the roller assembly.
  • Another disadvantage of the Roller-fork is that it does not allow loading from pallet, since the leading edge of the forks normally collides with the side of the pallet and requires precision work by the operator that transforms the operation into a slow and risky process, with the possibility of breaking the load.
  • the present invention overcomes this situation, ensuring the combination of both systems in a suitable way, so that they can be enhanced in their operation, thus achieving loading operations in less time, since when it is not necessary to operate with the pantograph, as in the case of taking cargo from the ground (a fact that occurs, for example, when unloading a truck), it is operated with roller-forks, keeping the pantograph retracted and thus, quickly the rolling system takes the load from floor; then, if said load is to be deposited, for example, on floor or on pallet, the same rolling system allows it; but if a second level stacking is required, then the pantograph system is operated, deploying it to push the load and deposit it, all through the same equipment.
  • Another use situation is the one that would occur if cargo is moved from pallet to ground, in that case, it is taken from pallet with the use of the pantograph system, dragging / attracting the load on the forks with rollers and to deposit it on the ground , the sliding blade is simply released by releasing the jaw and the load is deposited by the rolling system, which is faster than if left through the pantograph display.
  • Another useful application of the new system is that it solves the problem of the distance that is generated between deposited packages, since the load deposited on sliding sheets is unloaded through the forks with rollers, but once left on the floor, the pantograph deploys and it is possible to apply force using the thrust of the forklift, thus leaving the package fully attached to the adjacent package.
  • pantograph extends, its free end is tilted slightly downwards by the tilt of the crane's back, then even when the pantograph is retracted, its lower edge, with the jaw , does not touch the drag surface, as it unfolds, it goes at the same time, tilting slightly, which causes the distance to the drag surface to decrease.
  • the present invention solves the problem by adding a separator or spacer rolling element between the lower edge of the jaw, which traps the sliding blade and the rolling surface of the forks.
  • This element that consists of a wheel, where the jaw rests, and allows the advance of the pantograph to be in a close relationship throughout the journey.
  • both systems can act together without interfering and allow the distance between the deposited loads to be reduced thanks to the fact that while the load is deposited due to the rolling surface of the forks, simultaneously the pantograph advances pushing the load, preventing the elements from interfering by breaking. All inclination of the pallets is copied by this wheel and compensated in the pantograph by means of guides that allow a vertical movement.
  • the invention that is the reason for this application is composed of a system that has two main components, a fork system with bearings and a pantograph system.
  • the system of forks with bearings is a traditional system, already described in the state of the art, that is, consisting of two forks in the form of a pallet or rectangular plate, with one of its ends, the proximal end, folded at an angle, while that the opposite end presents a progressive decrease of its thickness in its upper face, to end in a pointed front edge.
  • Each of said vanes has at the folded end at an angle, a pin that functions as the axis of rotation of said vane around a vertical piece or back, where said back consists of a rectangular plate that has two pieces in its rear face. shaped hooks facing each other, through which each of these forks joins the front plate of the crane with which it works.
  • the body of the pallet has two sets of cavities or longitudinal drafts, within which sets of rollers are arranged in horizontal layers, so that between the two draft lines, where the rollers are arranged, a thin longitudinal surface is formed which It is part of the central structure of the palette.
  • the axis that forms the joint between the back and the fork vane with rollers allows, although said back is inclined in the operation process, the pallet is able to pivot around the back and thus, this always remains parallel to the pallet or floor line; the lower layer of rollers being kept in contact with the floor surface or a pallet, since only then does the rolling system work; every time the fork rises from the ground, the roller assembly lowers and levels the upper surface of the blades, being absolutely free and smooth; on the contrary, every time the fork rests on the ground, the rollers ascend and peek over the upper level of the blade.
  • the pantograph system that conforms to this invention, is composed of a structural backing plate that is located on the back of the system, has on its back side two connecting pieces perpendicular to its plane and parallel to each other, those that have a shape hook and arranged spaced apart, leaving a certain distance between them; said connecting parts are the ones that will allow the pantograph system to be fixed to the crane with which it operates, fixing that is produced in conjunction with two other connecting parts, but these are lower and are located at the side and bottom edges of the plate back.
  • the equipment can be used with three forks with rollers, for that reason the distance between the hook-shaped connecting pieces that the plate has is that they are separated by a certain distance, such that that distance allows the entry of three forks, placed next to each other and being between them the mentioned hook-shaped connecting pieces.
  • said backing plate On the front face of said backing plate there is a set of two rails or slides, arranged in two and aligned vertically, such that they form facing slides, according to a first pair of upper slides and a second pair of lower slides; the upper slides carrying a structuring element that is disposed at the upper end of both and generates a joint between them. It is because of these slides that the ends of the pantograph move, a situation that will be explained in more detail in the following paragraphs.
  • the pantograph system is also made up of folding arms, each of which is composed of two sections that pivot together; then, the pantograph is formed by a pair of external arms and a pair of central arms; where said arms have a distal end and a proximal end, the proximal end being the one that joins the structural back plate and its distal end with the front plate.
  • each of the arms joins the backing plate through the slides, where the proximal end of each of the arms moves vertically through said upper and lower slides.
  • pantograph arms are attached to a faceplate; While those arms that terminate in the lower part of the front plate are pivotally fixed, the upper ones are slidably fixed by upper slides present on the rear face of said plate.
  • the front plate is flat, and as already said, at the upper end of the rear face there is a sliding piece where the distal end of the pair of external arms of the pantograph moves.
  • a sliding sheet grip system which comprises a horizontal plate or jaw which at its lower end is folded forward and it ends at a sharp edge, on which the edge of the sliding sheet poses to be taken by a jaw or ram, which consists of a horizontal piece that descends vertically to said folded edge of the jaw, thus trapping said sheet between yes.
  • a rolling element consisting of a spacer wheel, which is attached to the plate through an axle and a base plate, the lower end of said wheel being arranged at a further level. below the level of the folded edge of the jaw, such that when said wheel is supported on the central surface of the forks with rolling, it generates a constant distance or separation between the lower end of the jaw and the surface of the forks, achieving with said distance or separation that the pantograph can advance along the forks with wheels, without said jaw of the pantograph system being interfered in its advance by the rollers, with the consequent damage of the pieces.
  • That lower part of the jaw, where the wheels are arranged, has a set of ordered holes that allows the adaptation of the horizontal position of the rolling elements or spacer wheel.
  • pantograph arms can move freely through the vertical slides, allows the advance of the pantograph during the deployment, which advances leaning on the distance wheel of the jaw, can on the one hand, make the journey to the curved downward end of the pallets maintaining constant contact with the surface and thus correctly carry out the drag or push operation of the load, and on the other hand, allows when the forward inclination of the crane's back, where they are Fixed pantograph and forks, the pantograph adapts to this inclination by moving its proximal ends along the slides and thus, avoid breaking or locking in the advance of the pantograph.
  • Figure 1 shows a front isometric top view of the system.
  • Figure 2 shows a side elevation view of the system.
  • Figure 3 shows a front elevation view of the system.
  • Figure 4 shows an isometric view of the forks and the jaw.
  • Figure 5 shows an enlarged view of the pantograph jaw area, the spacer wheel and roller vane.
  • Figure 6 shows a side elevation with the backs of the forks with roller and the pantograph inclined.
  • Figure 7 shows an exploding isometric of the pantograph support plate and the mode featuring three forks with rollers.
  • Figure 8 shows an isometric of the system with the crane to which it is attached, said crane being in a weaker line, since it is not part of the invention and has only been shown as a reference.
  • the invention that is the reason for this application is composed of a system (10) that has two main components, a fork system with rollers (20) and a pantograph system (40).
  • the fork system with bearings (20) is a traditional system, already described in the state of the art, that is, formed by forks (21) in the form of a pallet or rectangular plate, with a proximal end (22) at a 90 ° angle, and a distal opposite end (23); it presents a progressive decrease of its thickness in its upper face, to end in a pointed front edge (24).
  • each of said vanes (21) has, at the top of the proximal angled end (22), a pin (25) that functions as the axis of rotation of said vane around a vertical piece or back (26), where said back consists of a rectangular plate that on its back has two pieces in the form of facing hooks (28), through which, each of said forks is attached to a crane's front plate , as seen in figure 8.
  • a wheel (32) that allows the support of the pallets in case of inclinations.
  • the body of the vane (21) has two sets of cavities or longitudinal drafts (29), within which sets of rollers (30) are arranged in horizontal layers, so that between the two draft lines, where the rollers, a thin longitudinal surface (31) is formed that is part of the central structure of the pallet.
  • the shaft (25) that forms the joint between the back (26) and the vane (21) of the fork with rollers allows, although said back is inclined in the operation process , the paddle is able to pivot around the back and thus, it always keeps in contact the lower layer of rollers (30) with the surface of the floor, since only then does the rolling system work; every time the fork rises from the ground, the roller assembly lowers and levels the upper surface of the blades, being absolutely free and smooth; on the contrary, every time the fork rests on the ground, the rollers ascend and peek over the upper level of the blade.
  • the pantograph system (40) that conforms to this invention, is composed of a structural backing plate (41) that is located on the back of the system, has on its rear face two connecting pieces (43) perpendicular to its plane, parallel to each other, those that have a hook shape and are those that will allow the pantograph system to be fixed to a crane faceplate, as seen in Figure 8; said fixing is produced in conjunction with two other lower connecting parts (44) and are located at the lateral and lower edges of the backing plate (41).
  • said backing plate (41) On the front face of said backing plate (41) there is a set of two rails or slides (46), arranged two by two and aligned vertically, such that they form facing slides, according to a first pair of upper slides (46) and a second pair of lower slides (47); the upper slides (46) carrying an upper structuring element (48) that is disposed at the upper end of both and generates a joint between them.
  • the pantograph system is further formed, by folding arms that make up the pantograph itself, a pair of external arms (49) and a pair of central arms (50); where said arms have a distal end (51) and a proximal end (52), the proximal end being the one that moves along the slides (46) and (47) of the structural backing plate (41) and its distal end that opposite that joins the front plate (60).
  • each of the outer arms (49) joins the backing plate (41) through the upper slides (46), and travel vertically through said upper slides, while the proximal ends (52) of the central arms (50) move along the lower slides (47).
  • the distal ends (51) of the pantograph arms are attached to a front plate (60), which consists of a flat plate with openwork, at whose upper end of the rear face has a slide piece (63) where the distal end (51) of the pair of external arms (49) of the pantograph is displaced, while the central pair of arms (50) pivotally joins the lower area of the back face of the faceplate (60).
  • a sliding sheet grip system which comprises a vertical plate or jaw (65) that in its lower end is folded forward and ends at a sharp edge (66), on which the edge of the sliding sheet perches to be hunted by a jaw (67), which consists of a horizontal piece that descends vertically to said folded edge of the jaw (66), thus trapping said sheet with each other.
  • the jaw (65) there are rolling elements, consisting of spacer wheels (68), which are attached to the plate through an axle (69) and a base plate (70), being the lower end of said wheel disposed at a level lower than the level of the folded edge of the jaw, such that when said wheel rests on the central surface (31) of the rolling forks, it generates a constant distance or separation between the lower end of the jaw and the surface of the forks, achieving with said distance or separation that the pantograph can move along the forks with wheels, without said
  • the jaw of the pantograph system is interfered in its advance by the rollers, with the consequent damage of the pieces.
  • pantograph arms can move freely along the vertical slides (46) and (47), allows the advance of the pantograph during deployment, which advances on the basis of the distance wheel (68) of the jaw can, on the one hand, make the journey to the curved end (24) descending of the pallets maintaining constant contact with the surface (31) and thus correctly carry out the drag or push operation of the load, and on the other hand , allows when the forward inclination of the crane's back, where pantographs and forks are fixed, occurs, the pantograph adapts to this inclination by moving its proximal ends (52) up the slides (46) and (47) and thus, avoid breaking or locking in the advance of the pantograph, maintaining the contact of the wheel (68) with the surface (31) of the forks.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus for moving loads placed on slip sheets, which: optimises unloading times by increasing the speed of the operation, allows quick loading/unloading of stacked parcels, and minimises the space between loads when confined to a small space. The apparatus comprises two systems that can work together or independently, namely: a traditional roller fork system comprising forks with lines of rollers forming a rolling surface for moving the load; and a pantograph load movement system comprising two pairs of extendable arms, a structural support plate including a system of tracks for the extendable arms, and a front plate, the lower part of which is provided with a system for gripping the slip sheets, which system in turn includes a rolling means comprising a wheel that allows a distance to be maintained between the slip sheet gripping system and the rolling surface of the roller forks.

Description

EQUIPO PARA MOVIMIENTO DE CARGAS SOBRE LÁMINAS DESLIZANTES  EQUIPMENT FOR MOVEMENT OF LOADS ON SLIDING SHEETS
MEMORIA DESCRIPTIVA DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY
La presente invención se refiere a un equipo para movimiento de carga depositada sobre láminas deslizantes (slip sheet), el que optimiza el tiempo de descarga al aumentar la velocidad de operación, permite la carga/descarga rápida de bultos en apilamientos y permite minimizar el espacio entre cargas. DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ARTE PREVIO  The present invention relates to an equipment for movement of cargo deposited on sliding sheets (slip sheet), which optimizes the discharge time by increasing the operating speed, allows rapid loading / unloading of packages in stacks and minimizes space between charges DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART
La presente invención se sitúa específicamente en el campo del movimiento de mercadería paletizada dispuesta sobre láminas deslizantes.  The present invention is specifically located in the field of palletized merchandise movement arranged on sliding sheets.
En el campo de carga de mercaderías paletizadas, se han desarrollado varias soluciones relacionadas con el movimiento de ellas dependiendo de los contextos o necesidades surgidas. Existen cargas que para su transporte en camiones o container han de ser depositadas sobre láminas deslizantes (slip sheet) y no sobre pallets, de modo que se requiere un equipo que sea capaz de mover dicha carga a través de su deslizamiento o arrastrándola, en el plano horizontal. Una vez que dicha carga se saca desde el camión de transporte, normalmente es depositada sobre pallets para su movimiento con transpaletas o grúas horquillas. In the field of loading palletized goods, several solutions related to their movement have been developed depending on the contexts or needs that have arisen. There are loads that for transport in trucks or containers have to be deposited on sliding sheets (slip sheet) and not on pallets, so that a device that is capable of moving said load through its sliding or dragging it, is required in the horizontal plane. Once said cargo is taken from the transport truck, it is normally deposited on pallets for movement with pallet trucks or forklifts.
Una de las soluciones que se han desarrollado para el movimiento de carga depositada sobre láminas deslizantes, es un equipo que posee un sistema de pantógrafo que realiza dos acciones, tirar el bulto,(a través de la lamina deslizante) y empujar hacia fuera para su descarga esta solución es especialmente necesaria cuando se prescinde del uso de pallets. Este tipo de solución es mejor conocida en el rubro como sistemas "push-pull", consistentes en un mecanismo del tipo pantógrafo accionado generalmente por actuadores lineales. En él la carga es montada sobre una plataforma lisa que se dispone sobre las horquillas de la grúa o reemplazando las horquillas por unas con mayor superficie, tal como se puede apreciar por ejemplo en la patente norteamericana US4.752.179, esto permite que la carga dispuesta en láminas se deslice sobre ella. One of the solutions that have been developed for the movement of cargo deposited on sliding sheets, is a team that has a pantograph system that performs two actions, throw the bulge, (through the sliding sheet) and push out for its Downloading this solution is especially necessary when you do not use pallets. This type of solution is best known in the field as "push-pull" systems, consisting of a mechanism of the pantograph type generally actuated by linear actuators. In it, the load is mounted on a flat platform that is arranged on the fork of the crane or replacing the forks with ones with a larger surface, as can be seen for example in US patent US4,752,179, this allows the load arranged in sheets slide on it.
Las láminas deslizantes (que en el rubro se conocen como "slip sheet"), tienen un costo apreciablemente menor que un pallet y prácticamente no ocupa espacio en el contenedor, eliminando también los problemas ambientales y de reciclaje. Sliding sheets (which are known as "slip sheets" in the area) have a significantly lower cost than a pallet and practically does not take up space in the container, also eliminating environmental and recycling problems.
Las láminas deslizantes están normalmente fabricadas de alguna fibra sólida o plástico y poseen una dimensión superior al perímetro de la carga o bulto, de modo que sus bordes sobresalen de la carga. The sliding sheets are normally made of some solid fiber or plastic and have a dimension greater than the perimeter of the load or bulk, so that its edges protrude from the load.
Con el mecanismo de "push-pull" unido a la grúa horquilla, se consigue mover la carga tanto en sentido vertical, propio de la operación de la grúa, como también en un plano horizontal, a través del movimiento de empuje o tracción de pantógrafo, como se puede ver en las patentes US2601932 y US3516641. Adicionalmente, esta combinación facilita el apilamiento de cargas en dos o mas niveles, (sin pallet.) With the "push-pull" mechanism attached to the forklift, it is possible to move the load both vertically, typical of the operation of the crane, as well as in a horizontal plane, through the movement of pantograph thrust or traction , as can be seen in patents US2601932 and US3516641. Additionally, this combination facilitates stacking loads on two or more levels, (without pallet.)
Otro ejemplo de uso de push-pull con láminas deslizantes se aprecian en las patentes US5769595 y US4300867, donde, en este caso se ven transpaletas a las que se les ha adaptado un sistema de push-pull y un medio de inclinación de una plataforma, de modo que con dicha inclinación, el equipo pueda tomar la carga depositada en una lámina deslizante desde el nivel de piso o que bien esté sobre un pallet. Another example of the use of push-pull with sliding blades can be seen in patents US5769595 and US4300867, where, in this case, pallet trucks are seen to which a push-pull system and a platform tilting means are adapted, so that with this inclination, the team can take the load deposited on a sliding sheet from the floor level or that is well on a pallet.
En operación, y dado que las láminas deslizantes sobresalen desde los bordes de la carga, el sistema push-pull cuenta con un mecanismo de mordaza en su extremo anterior, el que muerde el borde sobresaliente de la lámina deslizante (slip sheet) y así es capaz de arrastrar atrayendo la carga y ponerla sobre la plataforma lisa, no lo hace levantando desde abajo como cuando se usa pallet, sino que la arrastra deslizándola y tirándola por el slip sheet. En oposición, cuando el bulto ha de ser descargado, actúa empujado hacia fuera gracias al estiramiento del mecanismo de pantógrafo. In operation, and since the sliding blades protrude from the edges of the load, the push-pull system has a jaw mechanism at its front end, which bites the protruding edge of the slip sheet and so is capable of dragging attracting the load and putting it on the flat platform, it does not lift it from below as when using pallet, but rather drag it by sliding it and pulling it along the slip sheet In opposition, when the package has to be unloaded, it acts pushed outwards by stretching the pantograph mechanism.
Si bien el sistema "push-pull" permite una diversidad de aplicaciones, tal como tomar o dejar en pallet, tomar y dejar a piso, tomar y dejar carga en apilamientos, posee la desventaja de que su operación es lenta y requiere una considerable utilización de energía para hacer funcionar cada uno de los actuadores que permiten los movimientos que el equipo realiza. Otra solución que se ha desarrollado para el movimiento de carga en láminas deslizantes, es un equipo que posee un sistema de rodado en las mismas horquillas, llamado en el rubro como "Roller-fork", la que se puede apreciar por ejemplo en la patente norteamericana US7435047, donde se ve como un conjunto de rodillos o ruedas dispuestas a lo largo de cada horquilla conforman una superficie de rodado, facilitando enormemente el desplazamiento de la carga sobre dichas horquillas, tanto en el sentido de carga como de descarga. Although the "push-pull" system allows a variety of applications, such as taking or leaving on pallet, taking and leaving the floor, taking and leaving cargo in stacks, it has the disadvantage that its operation is slow and requires considerable use of energy to operate each of the actuators that allow the movements that the team performs. Another solution that has been developed for the movement of load in sliding plates, is a team that has a rolling system in the same forks, called in the heading as "Roller-fork", which can be seen for example in the patent American US7435047, where it is seen as a set of rollers or wheels arranged along each fork form a rolling surface, greatly facilitating the movement of the load on said forks, both in the direction of loading and unloading.
En operación, este tipo de equipos de horquillas con rodillos son capaces de tomar y dejar carga a nivel de piso con mucha eficiencia. No así cuando tiene que tomar de pallet convencional. In operation, this type of roller fork equipment is capable of taking and leaving cargo at floor level very efficiently. Not so when you have to take conventional pallet.
Para resolver este problema se ideó un tipo de pallet que se usa exclusivamente con este sistema de horquillas con rodillos, conocidos en el rubro como pallet RF (de roller fork). Dichos pallet presentan tacos en su cara superior y separados entre sí de modo tal que genere espacios para la introducción de las horquillas y tomar la carga que está con láminas deslizantes. To solve this problem, a type of pallet was developed that is used exclusively with this roller fork system, known in the field as RF (roller fork) pallet. These pallets have cleats in their upper face and separated from each other in such a way as to generate spaces for the introduction of the forks and take the load that is with sliding plates.
Otro de los problemas con roller-fork se dan en la carga de camiones cerrados o contenedores, es que no se logra minimizar el espacio entre cargas, ya que una carga correctamente dispuesta dentro del camión o contenedor debe mantener las estibas o bultos lo más próximas entre sí, principalmente por dos razones, la primera es porque si la distancia entre estibas es reducida, ellas se irán afirmando entre sí, en tal sentido, si las estibas quedan muy separadas dan espacio para que se volteen con el movimiento propio del transporte; la segunda razón tiene que ver con la optimización del espacio de carga al interior del camión o contenedor, ya que si los bultos están próximos entre sí, se podrá aprovechar al máximo el espacio; por el contrario, si las estibas van quedando separadas entre sí, puede suceder que la última fila de carga no quepa en el contenedor, se tenga que sacar y al final se pierda dicho espacio útil. Another problem with roller-fork occurs in the loading of closed trucks or containers, is that it is not possible to minimize the space between loads, since a load properly arranged inside the truck or container must keep the pallets or packages as close as possible. each other, mainly for two reasons, the first is because if the distance between stowage is reduced, they will be affirming each other, in that sense, if the pallets are far apart give space for them to turn with the movement of transport; the second reason has to do with the optimization of the cargo space inside the truck or container, since if the packages are close to each other, the space can be maximized; on the contrary, if the pallets are being separated from each other, it may happen that the last row of cargo does not fit in the container, has to be removed and in the end this useful space is lost.
Como es posible apreciar, no existe en el estado de la técnica una solución que reúna las propiedades ventajosas de ambos equipos para el movimiento de carga sobre láminas deslizantes (slip sheet), tal que este permitiera diferenciadamente contar con las prestaciones del push-pull y del roller-fork en un sólo equipo, de modo que cuando sea necesario tomar carga desde piso rápidamente, pueda actuar el roller-fork; cuando no sea posible tomar con él, como el caso de tomar desde pallet, entonces que actúe el sistema de pantógrafo (push-pull) que recoge la carga tirándola por el borde de la lámina deslizante donde está depositada; del mismo modo sucedería si se requiere dejar o tomar carga apilada, ya que esta operación no puede hacerla el roller forks dado que para actuar como tal precisa que la superficie inferior donde se posan las horquillas sea una superficie dura para que las ruedas puedan interactuar. Y cuando se necesite ajustar la distancia entre los bultos depositados en un espacio de carga, como un camión o contenedor, que el equipo permitiera por un lado la descarga rápida, como lo permite el roller-fork, pero que al momento final de la descarga, este equipo pudiera dar un impulso final que provocara el desplazamiento del bulto desde su base y así quedara ubicada mucho más próxima al bulto contiguo. La presente invención aborda ese problema, propiciando un equipo versátil que se adapta a los diferentes requerimientos de uso, optimizando el tiempo invertido al reunir ambos equipos en uno sólo y minimizando el espacio entre los bultos. As it is possible to appreciate, there is no solution in the state of the art that brings together the advantageous properties of both equipment for the movement of load on sliding sheets (slip sheet), such that this allowed differently to have the benefits of push-pull and of the roller-fork in a single equipment, so that when it is necessary to load quickly from the floor, the roller-fork can operate; when it is not possible to take with him, as in the case of taking from pallet, then actuate the pantograph system (push-pull) that picks up the load by pulling it along the edge of the sliding sheet where it is deposited; in the same way it would happen if it is required to leave or take a stacked load, since this operation cannot be done by the roller forks since to act as such it requires that the lower surface where the forks are perched is a hard surface so that the wheels can interact. And when it is necessary to adjust the distance between the packages deposited in a cargo space, such as a truck or container, that the equipment allows on the one hand the fast unloading, as the roller-fork allows, but that at the final moment of the unloading , this team could give a final impulse that caused the displacement of the package from its base and thus be located much closer to the adjacent package. The present invention addresses this problem, providing a versatile device that adapts to the different requirements of use, optimizing the time spent joining both teams into one and minimizing the space between the packages.
La operación con dichos equipos precisa de un rediseño de ellos en conjunto, tal que sea posible la reunión física e interacción funcional sin que ninguno de ellos sea obstáculo para la operación de cada uno diferenciadamente y conjuntamente. RESUMEN DE LA INVENCIÓN The operation with such equipment requires a redesign of them together, such that physical meeting and functional interaction is possible without any of them being obstacles to the operation of each one differently and jointly. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
La invención presentada se refiere a un equipo para movimiento de carga depositada sobre láminas deslizantes (slip sheet), el que optimiza el tiempo de descarga al aumentar la velocidad de operación, permite la carga/descarga rápida de bultos en apilamientos y permite minimizar el espacio entre cargas cuando se confinan en un espacio determinado, como el caso de un contenedor o camión cerrado.  The invention presented relates to a device for movement of cargo deposited on sliding sheets (slip sheet), which optimizes the discharge time by increasing the operating speed, allows rapid loading / unloading of packages in stacks and minimizes the space between charges when confined in a given space, such as a closed container or truck.
Para resolver el problema de falta de rapidez de operación del sistema de pantógrafo tradicional (push-pull), la presente invención lo aborda desde la posibilidad de que este sistema se potencie, al utilizar el sistema que funciona con mayor rapidez; así, las operaciones que normalmente realiza el push-pull y que pueden ser reemplazables por el sistema de Roller-fork, serían ahora abordadas por éste que es más rápido y, aquellas operaciones que no puede realizar el Roller-fork, sean ahora posibles a través de este sistema conjunto, el cual ofrece como resultado, la unión de ambos sistemas potenciados y con todos los problemas resueltos que derivan de la adaptación física entre ellos. To solve the problem of lack of speed of operation of the traditional pantograph system (push-pull), the present invention addresses it from the possibility of this system being potentiated, by using the system that works faster; thus, the operations normally carried out by the push-pull and that can be replaced by the Roller-fork system would now be addressed by the one that is faster and, those operations that the Roller-fork cannot perform, are now possible to through this joint system, which offers as a result, the union of both systems boosted and with all the problems that result from the physical adaptation between them.
El sistema de horquillas con rodillos (roller-fork) consiste en paletas que se colocan en el lugar de las horquillas tradicionales de una grúa, estando dichas horquillas con rodillos compuestas de un espaldar y una paleta como tal; dicho espaldar es una pieza recta que en su cara posterior presenta un sistema de enganche con el frontal de la grúa; la paleta como tal es una pieza recta rectangular, que en su parte posterior presenta un sistema de unión pivotante con el espaldar. El cuerpo de las paletas presenta una estructura soportante que aloja grupos de rodillos dispuestos en dos capas o niveles, quedando en contacto tangencial entre sí, tal que cuando giran los rodillos de la capa inferior al rodar sobre el piso, en un sentido, el movimiento se transmite hacia los rodillos superiores que giran en sentido opuesto, generando así una superficie de rodado superior que facilita la tomada de la carga, normalmente dispuesta sobre láminas deslizantes. La forma del perfil de la paleta con rodillos, es de una placa de cara inferior recta y cara superior levemente inclinada que en su extremo libre se curva de manera descendente para facilitar el enfrentamiento con la carga y entrar entre la parte inferior del slip sheet (con la carga) y el piso. The roller-fork system consists of pallets that are placed in the place of the traditional cranes of a crane, said forks being rollers composed of a back and a pallet as such; said back is a straight piece that on its back has a hook system with the front of the crane; The pallet as such is a straight rectangular piece, which in its back has a pivotal joint system with the back. The body of the vanes has a supporting structure that houses groups of rollers arranged in two layers or levels, being in tangential contact with each other, such that when the rollers of the lower layer rotate when rolling on the floor, in one direction, the movement it is transmitted to the upper rollers that rotate in the opposite direction, thus generating an upper rolling surface that facilitates the taking of the load, normally arranged on sliding sheets. The shape of the profile of the palette with rollers, is of a plate of straight lower face and slightly inclined upper face that at its free end is curved so descending to facilitate the confrontation with the load and enter between the bottom of the slip sheet (with the load) and the floor.
Para que el sistema de horquillas con rodillos (roller-fork) opere adecuadamente en condiciones normales, es preciso que la superficie inferior de las paletas esté en constante contacto con la superficie inferior (suelo) donde está posada la carga, la que a su vez se encuentra sobre una lámina deslizante. Mientras la superficie inferior de las horquillas esté en contacto con el suelo, será posible que todo el tren de rodillos que lo compone actúe eficazmente, permitiendo el avance o retroceso rápido por debajo de la carga, y más específicamente, por debajo de la lámina deslizante. For the roller-fork system to operate properly under normal conditions, it is necessary that the bottom surface of the pallets be in constant contact with the bottom surface (floor) where the load is perched, which in turn It is on a sliding sheet. While the lower surface of the forks is in contact with the ground, it will be possible for the entire roller train that composes it to act effectively, allowing fast forward or reverse below the load, and more specifically, below the sliding sheet .
Como ya se mencionó, el sistema de roller-fork posee la desventaja de no poder realizar apilamientos en dos o mas niveles, dado que necesita una superficie sólida y recta para el contacto de la capa inferior de rodillos, los que a su vez transmiten el movimiento hacia la capa superior del rodillos. Al operar en apilamientos, el segundo nivel de cargas se coloca sobre la parte superior del primer nivel de carga, y no siempre esta superficie es lo suficientemente sólida, como el suelo, para permitir el correcto funcionamiento del conjunto de rodillos. Otra de las desventajas que posee el Roller-fork es que no permite tomar carga desde pallet, dado que el borde de entrada de las horquillas normalmente choca con el costado del pallet y requiere un trabajo de precisión por parte del operario que transforma la operación en un proceso lento y riesgoso, con posibilidad de rotura de la carga. As already mentioned, the roller-fork system has the disadvantage of not being able to stack at two or more levels, since it needs a solid and straight surface for the contact of the lower layer of rollers, which in turn transmit the movement towards the upper layer of the rollers. When operating in stacks, the second load level is placed on top of the first load level, and this surface is not always solid enough, like the ground, to allow the correct operation of the roller assembly. Another disadvantage of the Roller-fork is that it does not allow loading from pallet, since the leading edge of the forks normally collides with the side of the pallet and requires precision work by the operator that transforms the operation into a slow and risky process, with the possibility of breaking the load.
Otra desventaja del sistema de horquillas con rodillos es que si bien es óptima para tomar y dejar a piso, o de piso y dejar sobre pallet rápidamente, no permite ajustar la distancia entre los bultos, dado que como su modo de operar es dejar en el piso y no de empujar, el bulto queda depositado en el punto donde se dejó y puesto que las estibas se inclinan un poco para ser depositadas, al tocar el externo superior en el borde de la carga contigua, una vez que la carga es depositada, se endereza y queda distanciada de la anterior. Por otro lado, si bien el sistema de pantógrafo (push-pull) posee muchas ventajas por sobre el roller-fork, dado que sí permite tomar de pallet y sí permite realizar apilamiento de las cargas, éste posee la desventaja de ser muy lento. Entonces, la presente invención viene a superar esta situación, procurando la conjunción de ambos sistemas de un modo adecuado, tal que puedan potenciarse en su funcionamiento, logrando así operaciones de carga en menos tiempo, dado que cuando no se precise operar con el pantógrafo, como el caso de tomar carga desde piso ( hecho que se produce, por ejemplo, al descargar un camión), se opera con las horquillas con rodillos (roller-fork), manteniendo el pantógrafo retraído y así, rápidamente el sistema de rodado toma la carga desde piso; luego, si dicha carga ha de depositarse, por ejemplo, sobre piso o sobre pallet, el mismo sistema de rodado lo permite; pero si es requerido un apilado en segundo nivel, entonces se hace funcionar el sistema de pantógrafo, desplegándolo para empujar la carga y depositarla, todo a través del mismo equipo. Another disadvantage of the system of forks with rollers is that although it is optimal to take and leave on the floor, or floor and leave on pallet quickly, it does not allow to adjust the distance between the packages, since as its mode of operation is to leave in the floor and not to push, the package is deposited at the point where it was left and since the pads are inclined a little to be deposited, by touching the upper external at the edge of the adjacent load, once the load is deposited, straightens and is distanced from the previous one. On the other hand, although the pantograph system (push-pull) has many advantages over the roller-fork, since it does allow pallet picking and does allow stacking loads, it has the disadvantage of being very slow. Then, the present invention overcomes this situation, ensuring the combination of both systems in a suitable way, so that they can be enhanced in their operation, thus achieving loading operations in less time, since when it is not necessary to operate with the pantograph, as in the case of taking cargo from the ground (a fact that occurs, for example, when unloading a truck), it is operated with roller-forks, keeping the pantograph retracted and thus, quickly the rolling system takes the load from floor; then, if said load is to be deposited, for example, on floor or on pallet, the same rolling system allows it; but if a second level stacking is required, then the pantograph system is operated, deploying it to push the load and deposit it, all through the same equipment.
Otra situación de uso es el que se daría si se mueve carga desde pallet a suelo, en ese caso, se toma desde pallet con el uso del sistema de pantógrafo, arrastrando/atrayendo la carga sobre las horquillas con rodillos y para depositarla en el suelo, simplemente se libera la lámina deslizante soltando la mandíbula y la carga se deposita por el sistema de rodado, el que es más rápido que si se dejara a través del despliegue del pantógrafo. Another use situation is the one that would occur if cargo is moved from pallet to ground, in that case, it is taken from pallet with the use of the pantograph system, dragging / attracting the load on the forks with rollers and to deposit it on the ground , the sliding blade is simply released by releasing the jaw and the load is deposited by the rolling system, which is faster than if left through the pantograph display.
Otra aplicación útil del nuevo sistema, es que soluciona el problema de la distancia que se genera entre bultos depositados, ya que la carga depositada en láminas deslizantes se descarga a través de las horquillas con rodillos, pero una vez dejada a piso, el pantógrafo se despliega y es posible aplicar fuerza utilizando el empuje propio de la grúa horquilla, dejando así el bulto totalmente apegado al bulto contiguo. Another useful application of the new system is that it solves the problem of the distance that is generated between deposited packages, since the load deposited on sliding sheets is unloaded through the forks with rollers, but once left on the floor, the pantograph deploys and it is possible to apply force using the thrust of the forklift, thus leaving the package fully attached to the adjacent package.
El hecho de que ambos sistemas puedan operar indistintamente y conjuntamente implica otro problema técnico que la presente invención supera, dicho problema se describe a continuación: Dado que la operación del sistema de pantógrafo se basa en el arrastre o empuje de la carga, sin levantarla, sino que arrastrándola sobre la superficie de las horquillas o de una plataforma, es preciso el uso de las láminas deslizantes (slip sheet), donde el sistema de pantógrafo atrapa el borde de dicha lámina y manipula la carga a través de ella. Entonces, sucede que la separación entre la mandíbula que toma a la lámina deslizante y la superficie de arrastre debe mantenerse limitada a un mínimo, principalmente para que no se rasgue dicha lámina. The fact that both systems can operate interchangeably and together implies another technical problem that the present invention overcomes, said problem is described below: Since the operation of the pantograph system is based on the dragging or pushing of the load, without lifting it, but dragging it on the surface of the forks or a platform, it is necessary to use the sliding sheets (slip sheet), where The pantograph system catches the edge of the sheet and manipulates the load through it. Then, it happens that the separation between the jaw that takes the sliding sheet and the drag surface must be kept limited to a minimum, mainly so that said sheet is not torn.
Otro factor implicado, es que a medida que el pantógrafo se extiende, su extremo libre se va inclinando levemente de manera descendente por la inclinación propia del espaldar de la grúa, entonces si bien cuando el pantógrafo está retraído, su borde inferior, con la mandíbula, no toca la superficie de arrastre, a medida que éste se vaya desplegando, va a la vez, inclinándose levemente, lo que provoca que disminuye la distancia a la superficie de arrastre. Another factor involved is that as the pantograph extends, its free end is tilted slightly downwards by the tilt of the crane's back, then even when the pantograph is retracted, its lower edge, with the jaw , does not touch the drag surface, as it unfolds, it goes at the same time, tilting slightly, which causes the distance to the drag surface to decrease.
Ahora bien, si se cambia a dicha superficie de arrastre, sean horquillas normales o plataforma, por las horquillas con rodillos (roller-fork), sucede que el avance del pantógrafo se realizaría sobre dicha cara superior con los rodillos y se produciría una interferencia en el avance de ésta, impactando a los componentes del rodado, con la consecuente rotura de las piezas. However, if it is changed to said drag surface, whether they are normal forks or platform, for the forks with rollers (roller-fork), it happens that the advance of the pantograph would be carried out on said upper face with the rollers and there would be interference in the advance of this, impacting the components of the shot, with the consequent breakage of the pieces.
Entonces, la contradicción técnica que se da es que si bien es preciso mantener una distancia reducida entre la mandíbula y la superficie de arrastre para poder empujar la carga con el pantógrafo, al momento de cambiar la superficie a la del rodillos, esa distancia mínima implica interferencia en el avance del pantógrafo, dado que la superficie ahora no es lisa, sino que cuenta con los rodillos asomados. Then, the technical contradiction that occurs is that although it is necessary to maintain a reduced distance between the jaw and the drag surface to be able to push the load with the pantograph, when changing the surface to that of the rollers, that minimum distance implies interference in the advance of the pantograph, since the surface is now not smooth, but instead has the rollers shown.
Para resolver este problema y permitir que la operación conjunta del pantógrafo con las horquillas con rodillos sea efectiva, la presente invención soluciona el problema adicionando un elemento de rodado separador o distanciador entre el borde inferior de la mandíbula, que atrapa a la lámina deslizante y la superficie de rodado de las horquillas. Este elemento que consiste en una rueda, donde se apoya la mandíbula, y permite que el avance del pantógrafo sea en una relación próxima durante todo el recorrido. To solve this problem and allow the joint operation of the pantograph with the roller forks to be effective, the present invention solves the problem by adding a separator or spacer rolling element between the lower edge of the jaw, which traps the sliding blade and the rolling surface of the forks. This element that consists of a wheel, where the jaw rests, and allows the advance of the pantograph to be in a close relationship throughout the journey.
Con esta solución se consigue que ambos sistemas puedan actuar conjuntamente sin interferirse y permitan disminuir la distancia entre las cargas depositadas gracias a que mientras la carga se deposita por efecto de la superficie de rodado de las horquillas, simultáneamente el pantógrafo avanza empujando a la carga, impidiendo que los elementos se interfieran rompiéndose. Toda inclinación de las paletas es copiada por esta rueda y compensada en el pantógrafo mediante guías que le permiten un movimiento vertical. With this solution it is possible that both systems can act together without interfering and allow the distance between the deposited loads to be reduced thanks to the fact that while the load is deposited due to the rolling surface of the forks, simultaneously the pantograph advances pushing the load, preventing the elements from interfering by breaking. All inclination of the pallets is copied by this wheel and compensated in the pantograph by means of guides that allow a vertical movement.
La invención que es motivo de esta solicitud, está compuesta por un sistema que presenta dos principales componentes, un sistema de horquillas con rodaduras y un sistema de pantógrafo. The invention that is the reason for this application is composed of a system that has two main components, a fork system with bearings and a pantograph system.
El sistema de horquillas con rodaduras es un sistema tradicional, ya descrito en el estado de la técnica, es decir, conformado por dos horquillas en forma de paleta o placa rectangular, con uno de sus extremos, el extremo proximal, plegado en ángulo, mientras que el extremo opuesto presenta una disminución progresiva de su espesor en su cara superior, para terminar en una arista frontal en punta. The system of forks with bearings is a traditional system, already described in the state of the art, that is, consisting of two forks in the form of a pallet or rectangular plate, with one of its ends, the proximal end, folded at an angle, while that the opposite end presents a progressive decrease of its thickness in its upper face, to end in a pointed front edge.
Cada una de dichas paletas posee en el extremo plegado en ángulo, un pasador que funciona como eje de giro de dicha paleta en torno a una pieza vertical o espaldar, donde dicho espaldar consiste en una placa rectangular que en su cara posterior presenta dos piezas en forma de ganchos enfrentados, a través de los cuales, cada una de dichas horquillas se une a la placa frontal de la grúa con la que trabaja. Each of said vanes has at the folded end at an angle, a pin that functions as the axis of rotation of said vane around a vertical piece or back, where said back consists of a rectangular plate that has two pieces in its rear face. shaped hooks facing each other, through which each of these forks joins the front plate of the crane with which it works.
El cuerpo de la paleta presenta dos conjuntos de cavidades o calados longitudinales, dentro de los cuales se disponen unos conjuntos de rodillos en capas horizontales, de modo que entre ambas líneas de calados, donde se disponen los rodillos, se conforma una superficie longitudinal delgada que es parte de la estructura central de la paleta. El eje que conforma la unión entre el espaldar y la paleta de la horquilla con rodillos permite que, aunque dicho espaldar se incline en el proceso de operación, la paleta sea capaz de pivotar en torno al espaldar y así, ésta se mantenga siempre paralelo a la línea del pallet o del piso; conservándose en contacto la capa inferior de rodillos con la superficie del piso o un pallet, ya que sólo así el sistema de rodado funciona; toda vez que la horquilla se eleva desde el suelo, el conjunto de rodillos baja y nivela la superficie superior de las paletas, quedando absolutamente libre y lisa; por el contrario, toda vez que la horquilla se apoya en el suelo, los rodillos ascienden y se asoman por el nivel superior de la paleta. The body of the pallet has two sets of cavities or longitudinal drafts, within which sets of rollers are arranged in horizontal layers, so that between the two draft lines, where the rollers are arranged, a thin longitudinal surface is formed which It is part of the central structure of the palette. The axis that forms the joint between the back and the fork vane with rollers allows, although said back is inclined in the operation process, the pallet is able to pivot around the back and thus, this always remains parallel to the pallet or floor line; the lower layer of rollers being kept in contact with the floor surface or a pallet, since only then does the rolling system work; every time the fork rises from the ground, the roller assembly lowers and levels the upper surface of the blades, being absolutely free and smooth; on the contrary, every time the fork rests on the ground, the rollers ascend and peek over the upper level of the blade.
El sistema de pantógrafo que conforma a esta invención, está compuesto por una placa estructural de respaldo que se ubica en la parte posterior del sistema, cuenta en su cara posterior con dos piezas conectoras perpendiculares a su plano y paralelas entre sí, las que poseen forma de gancho y se disponen espaciadas entre sí, dejando una distancia determinada entre ellas; dichas piezas conectoras son las que permitirán la fijación del sistema de pantógrafo a la grúa con la que opere, fijación que se produce en conjunto con otras dos piezas conectoras, pero éstas son inferiores y se ubican en los bordes laterales e inferiores de la placa de respaldo. En una modalidad alternativa, el quipo puede utilizarse con tres horquillas con rodillos, para eso es que la distancia entre las piezas conectoras en forma de gancho que presenta la placa es que están separadas a una distancia determinada, tal que esa distancia permita la entrada de tres horquillas, colocadas una al lado de la otra y quedando entre ellas las mencionas piezas conectoras en forma de gancho. The pantograph system that conforms to this invention, is composed of a structural backing plate that is located on the back of the system, has on its back side two connecting pieces perpendicular to its plane and parallel to each other, those that have a shape hook and arranged spaced apart, leaving a certain distance between them; said connecting parts are the ones that will allow the pantograph system to be fixed to the crane with which it operates, fixing that is produced in conjunction with two other connecting parts, but these are lower and are located at the side and bottom edges of the plate back. In an alternative mode, the equipment can be used with three forks with rollers, for that reason the distance between the hook-shaped connecting pieces that the plate has is that they are separated by a certain distance, such that that distance allows the entry of three forks, placed next to each other and being between them the mentioned hook-shaped connecting pieces.
Por la cara anterior de dicha placa de respaldo se dispone un conjunto de dos rieles o correderas, dispuestas de a dos y alineadas verticalmente, tal que conforman correderas enfrentadas, según un primer par de correderas superiores y un segundo par de correderas inferiores; llevando las correderas superiores un elemento estructurante que se dispone en el extremo superior de ambas y genera una unión entre ellas. Es por dichas correderas que se desplazan los extremos del pantógrafo, situación que se explicará con más detalle en párrafos siguientes. El sistema de pantógrafo se conforma además, por brazos desplegables, estando cada uno de ellos compuesto por dos tramos que pivotan entre sí; entonces, el pantógrafo se forma por un par de brazos externos y un par de brazos centrales; donde dichos brazos poseen un extremo distal y otro proximal, siendo el extremo proximal aquel que se une a la placa estructural de respaldo y su extremo distal con la placa frontal. On the front face of said backing plate there is a set of two rails or slides, arranged in two and aligned vertically, such that they form facing slides, according to a first pair of upper slides and a second pair of lower slides; the upper slides carrying a structuring element that is disposed at the upper end of both and generates a joint between them. It is because of these slides that the ends of the pantograph move, a situation that will be explained in more detail in the following paragraphs. The pantograph system is also made up of folding arms, each of which is composed of two sections that pivot together; then, the pantograph is formed by a pair of external arms and a pair of central arms; where said arms have a distal end and a proximal end, the proximal end being the one that joins the structural back plate and its distal end with the front plate.
El extremo proximal de cada uno de los brazos se une a la placa de respaldo a través de las correderas, donde el extremo proximal de cada uno de los brazos se desplaza verticalmente por dichas correderas superior e inferior. The proximal end of each of the arms joins the backing plate through the slides, where the proximal end of each of the arms moves vertically through said upper and lower slides.
En tanto, los extremos distales de los brazos del pantógrafo están unidos a una placa frontal; mientras que aquellos brazos que terminan en la parte baja de la placa frontal se fijan de manera pivotante, los superiores se fijan de manera deslizante por unas correderas superiores presentes en la cara posterior de dicha placa. Meanwhile, the distal ends of the pantograph arms are attached to a faceplate; While those arms that terminate in the lower part of the front plate are pivotally fixed, the upper ones are slidably fixed by upper slides present on the rear face of said plate.
La placa frontal es plana, y como ya se dijo, en el extremo superior de la cara posterior presenta una pieza de corredera por donde se desplaza el extremo distal del par de brazos externos del pantógrafo. The front plate is flat, and as already said, at the upper end of the rear face there is a sliding piece where the distal end of the pair of external arms of the pantograph moves.
También desde la cara posterior de la placa frontal, pero desde el borde inferior, se asoma un sistema de agarre de las láminas deslizantes (slip sheet), el que comprende una placa horizontal o mandíbula que en su extremo inferior se encuentra plegada hacia delante y termina en un borde aguzado, sobre el que posa el borde de la lámina deslizante para ser tomada por una mordaza o pisón, la que consiste en una pieza horizontal que baja verticalmente hasta dicho borde plegado de la mandíbula, dejando así atrapada a dicha lámina entre sí. Also from the rear face of the front plate, but from the bottom edge, a sliding sheet grip system is shown, which comprises a horizontal plate or jaw which at its lower end is folded forward and it ends at a sharp edge, on which the edge of the sliding sheet poses to be taken by a jaw or ram, which consists of a horizontal piece that descends vertically to said folded edge of the jaw, thus trapping said sheet between yes.
En la zona inferior posterior de la mandíbula se dispone un elemento de rodaje, consistente en una rueda distanciadora, la que queda unida a la placa a través de un eje y una placa base, estando el extremo inferior de dicha rueda dispuesto a un nivel más bajo que el nivel del borde plegado de la mandíbula, tal que cuando dicha rueda se apoye sobre la superficie central de las horquillas con rodadura, genera una distancia o separación constante entre el extremo inferior de la mandíbula y la superficie de las horquillas, logrando con dicha distancia o separación que el pantógrafo pueda avanzar a lo largo de las horquillas con rodados, sin que dicha mandíbula del sistema de pantógrafo sea interferida en su avance por los rodillos, con el consecuente daño de las piezas. In the lower rear area of the jaw there is a rolling element, consisting of a spacer wheel, which is attached to the plate through an axle and a base plate, the lower end of said wheel being arranged at a further level. below the level of the folded edge of the jaw, such that when said wheel is supported on the central surface of the forks with rolling, it generates a constant distance or separation between the lower end of the jaw and the surface of the forks, achieving with said distance or separation that the pantograph can advance along the forks with wheels, without said jaw of the pantograph system being interfered in its advance by the rollers, with the consequent damage of the pieces.
Aquella parte inferior de la mandíbula, donde se disponen las ruedas, posee un conjunto de perforaciones ordenadas que permite la adaptación de la posición horizontal de los elementos de rodado o rueda distanciadora. That lower part of the jaw, where the wheels are arranged, has a set of ordered holes that allows the adaptation of the horizontal position of the rolling elements or spacer wheel.
El hecho que los extremos proximales de los brazos del pantógrafo puedan desplazarse libremente por las correderas verticales, permite que el avance del pantógrafo durante el despliegue, que avanza apoyándose en la rueda distanciadora de la mandíbula, pueda por un lado, realizar el recorrido hasta el extremo curvado descendente de las paletas manteniendo el contacto constante con la superficie y así realizar correctamente la operación de arrastre o empuje de la carga, y por otro lado, permite que cuando se produzca la inclinación hacia delante propia del espaldar de la grúa, donde están fijados pantógrafo y horquillas, el pantógrafo se adapte a esta inclinación desplazando sus extremos proximales por las correderas y así, evitar la rotura o trancado en el avance del pantógrafo. The fact that the proximal ends of the pantograph arms can move freely through the vertical slides, allows the advance of the pantograph during the deployment, which advances leaning on the distance wheel of the jaw, can on the one hand, make the journey to the curved downward end of the pallets maintaining constant contact with the surface and thus correctly carry out the drag or push operation of the load, and on the other hand, allows when the forward inclination of the crane's back, where they are Fixed pantograph and forks, the pantograph adapts to this inclination by moving its proximal ends along the slides and thus, avoid breaking or locking in the advance of the pantograph.
Una descripción detallada de la modalidad preferida de la invención se llevará a cabo en conjunto con las figuras que forman parte de esta presentación, donde se aprecia que: A detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the invention will be carried out in conjunction with the figures that are part of this presentation, where it is appreciated that:
La figura 1 muestra una vista isométrica superior frontal del sistema. Figure 1 shows a front isometric top view of the system.
La figura 2 muestra una vista en elevación lateral del sistema. Figure 2 shows a side elevation view of the system.
La figura 3 muestra una vista en elevación frontal del sistema. Figure 3 shows a front elevation view of the system.
La figura 4 muestra una vista isométrica de las horquillas y la mordaza. Figure 4 shows an isometric view of the forks and the jaw.
La figura 5 muestra una vista aumentada de la zona de la mordaza del pantógrafo, la rueda distanciadora y paleta con rodillos. La figura 6 muestra una elevación lateral con el espaldar de las horquillas con rodillo y el pantógrafo inclinados. Figure 5 shows an enlarged view of the pantograph jaw area, the spacer wheel and roller vane. Figure 6 shows a side elevation with the backs of the forks with roller and the pantograph inclined.
La figura 7 muestra una isométrica en explosión de la placa soporte del pantógrafo y la modalidad que presenta tres horquillas con rodillos.  Figure 7 shows an exploding isometric of the pantograph support plate and the mode featuring three forks with rollers.
La figura 8 muestra una isométrica del sistema con la grúa a la que se acopla, estando dicha grúa en un trazo más débil, dado que no forma parte de la invención y solamente se ha mostrado como referencia. Figure 8 shows an isometric of the system with the crane to which it is attached, said crane being in a weaker line, since it is not part of the invention and has only been shown as a reference.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA MODALIDAD PREFERIDA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODE OF THE INVENTION
La invención que es motivo de esta solicitud, está compuesta por un sistema (10) que presenta dos principales componentes, un sistema de horquillas con rodillos (20) y un sistema de pantógrafo (40). Como es posible ver las figuras 1 y 2, el sistema de horquillas con rodaduras (20) es un sistema tradicional, ya descrito en el estado de la técnica, es decir, conformado por horquillas (21) en forma de paleta o placa rectangular, con un extremo proximal (22) en ángulo de 90°, y un extremo opuesto distal (23); presenta una disminución progresiva de su espesor en su cara superior, para terminar en una arista frontal en punta (24).  The invention that is the reason for this application is composed of a system (10) that has two main components, a fork system with rollers (20) and a pantograph system (40). As it is possible to see figures 1 and 2, the fork system with bearings (20) is a traditional system, already described in the state of the art, that is, formed by forks (21) in the form of a pallet or rectangular plate, with a proximal end (22) at a 90 ° angle, and a distal opposite end (23); it presents a progressive decrease of its thickness in its upper face, to end in a pointed front edge (24).
De acuerdo a la figura 4, cada una de dichas paletas (21) posee en la parte superior del extremo proximal en ángulo (22), un pasador (25) que funciona como eje de giro de dicha paleta en torno a una pieza vertical o espaldar (26), donde dicho espaldar consiste en una placa rectangular que en su cara posterior presenta dos piezas en forma de ganchos enfrentados (28), a través de los cuales, cada una de dichas horquillas se une a una placa frontal de la grúa, tal cual se ve en la figura 8. En la zona posterior de la paleta se dispone una rueda (32) que permite el apoyo de las paletas en caso de inclinaciones. According to FIG. 4, each of said vanes (21) has, at the top of the proximal angled end (22), a pin (25) that functions as the axis of rotation of said vane around a vertical piece or back (26), where said back consists of a rectangular plate that on its back has two pieces in the form of facing hooks (28), through which, each of said forks is attached to a crane's front plate , as seen in figure 8. In the rear area of the pallet there is a wheel (32) that allows the support of the pallets in case of inclinations.
El cuerpo de la paleta (21) presenta dos conjuntos de cavidades o calados longitudinales (29), dentro de los cuales se disponen unos conjuntos de rodillos (30) en capas horizontales, de modo que entre ambas líneas de calados, donde se disponen los rodillos, se conforma una superficie longitudinal delgada (31) que es parte de la estructura central de la paleta. The body of the vane (21) has two sets of cavities or longitudinal drafts (29), within which sets of rollers (30) are arranged in horizontal layers, so that between the two draft lines, where the rollers, a thin longitudinal surface (31) is formed that is part of the central structure of the pallet.
Tal cual es posible de apreciar en la figura 4, el eje (25) que conforma la unión entre el espaldar (26) y la paleta (21) de la horquilla con rodillos permite que, aunque dicho espaldar se incline en el proceso de operación, la paleta sea capaz de pivotar en torno al espaldar y así, ésta se mantenga siempre en contacto la capa inferior de rodillos (30) con la superficie del suelo, ya que sólo así el sistema de rodado funciona; toda vez que la horquilla se eleva desde el suelo, el conjunto de rodillos baja y nivela la superficie superior de las paletas, quedando absolutamente libre y lisa; por el contrario, toda vez que la horquilla se apoya en el suelo, los rodillos ascienden y se asoman por el nivel superior de la paleta. As can be seen in Figure 4, the shaft (25) that forms the joint between the back (26) and the vane (21) of the fork with rollers allows, although said back is inclined in the operation process , the paddle is able to pivot around the back and thus, it always keeps in contact the lower layer of rollers (30) with the surface of the floor, since only then does the rolling system work; every time the fork rises from the ground, the roller assembly lowers and levels the upper surface of the blades, being absolutely free and smooth; on the contrary, every time the fork rests on the ground, the rollers ascend and peek over the upper level of the blade.
Según la figuras 1, 2 y 7, el sistema de pantógrafo (40) que conforma a esta invención, está compuesto por una placa estructural de respaldo (41) que se ubica en la parte posterior del sistema, cuenta en su cara posterior con dos piezas conectoras (43) perpendiculares a su plano, paralelas entre sí, las que poseen forma de gancho y son las que permitirán la fijación del sistema de pantógrafo a una placa frontal de la grúa, tal cual se ve en la figura 8; dicha fijación se produce en conjunto con otras dos piezas conectoras (44) inferiores y se ubican en los bordes laterales e inferiores de la placa de respaldo (41). According to figures 1, 2 and 7, the pantograph system (40) that conforms to this invention, is composed of a structural backing plate (41) that is located on the back of the system, has on its rear face two connecting pieces (43) perpendicular to its plane, parallel to each other, those that have a hook shape and are those that will allow the pantograph system to be fixed to a crane faceplate, as seen in Figure 8; said fixing is produced in conjunction with two other lower connecting parts (44) and are located at the lateral and lower edges of the backing plate (41).
Por la cara anterior de dicha placa de respaldo (41) se dispone un conjunto de dos rieles o correderas (46), dispuestas de a dos y alineadas verticalmente, tal que conforman correderas enfrentadas, según un primer par de correderas superiores (46) y un segundo par de correderas inferiores (47); llevando las correderas superiores (46) un elemento estructurante superior (48) que se dispone en el extremo superior de ambas y genera una unión entre ellas. On the front face of said backing plate (41) there is a set of two rails or slides (46), arranged two by two and aligned vertically, such that they form facing slides, according to a first pair of upper slides (46) and a second pair of lower slides (47); the upper slides (46) carrying an upper structuring element (48) that is disposed at the upper end of both and generates a joint between them.
De acuerdo a las figuras 1 y 2, el sistema de pantógrafo se conforma además, por brazos desplegables que conforman el pantógrafo en sí, un par de brazos externos (49) y un par de brazos centrales (50); donde dichos brazos poseen un extremo distal (51) y otro proximal (52), siendo el extremo proximal aquel que se desplaza por las correderas (46) y (47) de la placa estructural de respaldo (41) y su extremo distal aquel opuesto que se une a la placa frontal (60). According to figures 1 and 2, the pantograph system is further formed, by folding arms that make up the pantograph itself, a pair of external arms (49) and a pair of central arms (50); where said arms have a distal end (51) and a proximal end (52), the proximal end being the one that moves along the slides (46) and (47) of the structural backing plate (41) and its distal end that opposite that joins the front plate (60).
El extremo proximal (52) de cada uno de los brazos externos (49) se une a la placa de respaldo (41) a través de las correderas superiores (46), y se desplazan verticalmente por dichas correderas superiores, mientras que los extremos proximales (52) de los brazos centrales (50) se desplazan por las correderas inferiores (47). The proximal end (52) of each of the outer arms (49) joins the backing plate (41) through the upper slides (46), and travel vertically through said upper slides, while the proximal ends (52) of the central arms (50) move along the lower slides (47).
Y de acuerdo a lo mostrado en las figuras 1 y 5, los extremos distales (51) de los brazos del pantógrafo están unidos a una placa frontal (60), la que consiste en una placa plana con calados, en cuyo extremo superior de la cara posterior presenta una pieza de corredera (63) por donde se desplaza el extremo distal (51) del par de brazos externos (49) del pantógrafo, mientras que el par central de brazos (50) se une de manera pivotante a la zona inferior de la cara posterior de la placa frontal (60). And according to what is shown in Figures 1 and 5, the distal ends (51) of the pantograph arms are attached to a front plate (60), which consists of a flat plate with openwork, at whose upper end of the rear face has a slide piece (63) where the distal end (51) of the pair of external arms (49) of the pantograph is displaced, while the central pair of arms (50) pivotally joins the lower area of the back face of the faceplate (60).
También desde la cara posterior de la placa frontal (60), pero desde el borde inferior (64), se asoma un sistema de agarre de las láminas deslizantes (slip sheet), el que comprende una placa vertical o mandíbula (65) que en su extremo inferior se encuentra plegada hacia delante y termina en un borde aguzado (66), sobre el que se posa el borde de la lámina deslizante para ser cazada por una mordaza (67), la que consiste en una pieza horizontal que baja verticalmente hasta dicho borde plegado de la mandíbula (66), dejando así atrapada a dicha lámina entre sí. Also from the rear face of the front plate (60), but from the lower edge (64), a sliding sheet grip system is shown, which comprises a vertical plate or jaw (65) that in its lower end is folded forward and ends at a sharp edge (66), on which the edge of the sliding sheet perches to be hunted by a jaw (67), which consists of a horizontal piece that descends vertically to said folded edge of the jaw (66), thus trapping said sheet with each other.
En la zona inferior posterior de la mandíbula (65) se disponen unos elementos de rodaje, consistentes en ruedas distanciadoras (68), la que quedan unidas a la placa a través de un eje (69) y una placa base (70), estando el extremo inferior de dicha rueda dispuesto a un nivel más bajo que el nivel del borde plegado de la mandíbula, tal que cuando dicha rueda se apoye sobre la superficie central (31) de las horquillas con rodadura, genera una distancia o separación constante entre el extremo inferior de la mandíbula y la superficie de las horquillas, logrando con dicha distancia o separación que el pantógrafo pueda avanzar a lo largo de las horquillas con rodados, sin que dicha mandíbula del sistema de pantógrafo sea interferida en su avance por los rodillos, con el consecuente daño de las piezas. In the lower rear area of the jaw (65) there are rolling elements, consisting of spacer wheels (68), which are attached to the plate through an axle (69) and a base plate (70), being the lower end of said wheel disposed at a level lower than the level of the folded edge of the jaw, such that when said wheel rests on the central surface (31) of the rolling forks, it generates a constant distance or separation between the lower end of the jaw and the surface of the forks, achieving with said distance or separation that the pantograph can move along the forks with wheels, without said The jaw of the pantograph system is interfered in its advance by the rollers, with the consequent damage of the pieces.
Como se observa en la figura 4, aquella parte inferior de la mandíbula (65), donde se disponen las ruedas (68), posee un conjunto de perforaciones (71) ordenadas en dos filas horizontales, que permiten la adaptación de la posición horizontal de los elementos de rodado o ruedas distanciadoras (68). As seen in Figure 4, that lower part of the jaw (65), where the wheels (68) are arranged, has a set of perforations (71) arranged in two horizontal rows, which allow the adaptation of the horizontal position of the rolling elements or spacer wheels (68).
El hecho que los extremos proximales (52) de ambos brazos del pantógrafo puedan desplazarse libremente por las correderas verticales (46) y (47), permite que el avance del pantógrafo durante el despliegue, que avanza apoyándose en la rueda distanciadora (68) de la mandíbula, pueda por un lado, realizar el recorrido hasta el extremo curvado (24) descendente de las paletas manteniendo el contacto constante con la superficie (31) y así realizar correctamente la operación de arrastre o empuje de la carga, y por otro lado, permite que cuando se produzca la inclinación hacia delante propia del espaldar de la grúa, donde están fijados pantógrafo y horquillas, el pantógrafo se adapte a esta inclinación desplazando hacia arriba sus extremos proximales (52) por las correderas (46) y (47) y así, evitar la rotura o trancado en el avance del pantógrafo, manteniendo el contacto de la rueda (68) con la superficie (31) de las horquillas. The fact that the proximal ends (52) of both pantograph arms can move freely along the vertical slides (46) and (47), allows the advance of the pantograph during deployment, which advances on the basis of the distance wheel (68) of the jaw can, on the one hand, make the journey to the curved end (24) descending of the pallets maintaining constant contact with the surface (31) and thus correctly carry out the drag or push operation of the load, and on the other hand , allows when the forward inclination of the crane's back, where pantographs and forks are fixed, occurs, the pantograph adapts to this inclination by moving its proximal ends (52) up the slides (46) and (47) and thus, avoid breaking or locking in the advance of the pantograph, maintaining the contact of the wheel (68) with the surface (31) of the forks.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Equipo versátil para el movimiento de cargas sobre láminas deslizantes, formado por dos sistemas que pueden actuar de forma conjunta o autónoma de acuerdo a lo requerido, el que minimiza los tiempos de operación y permite disminuir la distancia entre cargas depositadas; donde uno de dichos dos sistemas es un sistema tradicional de al menos dos horquillas con rodillos (roller-fork), formado por paletas que poseen líneas de rodillos que generan una superficie de rodadura para movimiento de la carga y donde cada paleta posee un espaldar vertical con un sistema de pivote entre dicha paleta y dicho espaldar; y el otro es un sistema de movimiento de carga por pantógrafo CARACTERIZADO porque dicho sistema de carga por pantógrafo está compuesto por dos pares de brazos desplegables, cada uno con un extremo distal y otro proximal, una placa estructural de respaldo que presenta un sistema de correderas por el que se desplazan los extremos proximales de dichos brazos desplegables y medios para la disposición de más de dos horquillas con rodillos, una placa frontal que presenta en su parte inferior un sistema de agarre de las láminas deslizantes, el que a su vez presenta un medio de rodadura que comprende una rueda que permite generar una distancia entre el sistema de agarre de las láminas deslizantes y la superficie de rodadura de las horquillas con rodillos. 1. Versatile equipment for the movement of loads on sliding plates, formed by two systems that can act jointly or autonomously according to what is required, which minimizes the operating times and allows to reduce the distance between deposited loads; where one of said two systems is a traditional system of at least two forks with rollers (roller-fork), formed by pallets that have roller lines that generate a rolling surface for movement of the load and where each pallet has a vertical back with a pivot system between said paddle and said backrest; and the other is a CHARACTERIZED pantograph loading movement system because said pantograph loading system is composed of two pairs of folding arms, each with a distal end and a proximal one, a structural backing plate that has a sliding system by which the proximal ends of said folding arms and means are moved for the arrangement of more than two forks with rollers, a front plate which has in its lower part a grip system of the sliding blades, which in turn has a rolling means comprising a wheel that allows generating a distance between the grip system of the sliding blades and the rolling surface of the forks with rollers.
2. Equipo versátil para el movimiento de cargas sobre láminas deslizantes (slip sheet), de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1, CARACTERIZADO porque la placa estructural de respaldo se dispone en la parte posterior del sistema de pantógrafo y es una placa que presenta una cara anterior y una posterior, teniendo dicha cara anterior un conjunto de dos rieles o correderas, alineadas verticalmente, tal que conforman correderas enfrentadas según un primer par de correderas superiores y un segundo par de correderas inferiores; llevando las correderas superiores, en su parte superior, un elemento estructurante que genera una unión entre ellas. 2. Versatile equipment for the movement of loads on sliding sheets, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because the structural back plate is arranged on the back of the pantograph system and is a plate that has an anterior face and a rear one, said front face having a set of two rails or slides, aligned vertically, such that they form facing slides according to a first pair of upper slides and a second pair of lower slides; carrying the upper slides, in its upper part, a structuring element that generates a union between them.
3. Equipo versátil para el movimiento de cargas sobre láminas deslizantes, de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1, CARACTERIZADO porque la placa estructural de respaldo presenta en su cara posterior dos piezas conectoras, dispuestas perpendiculares a su plano, paralelas entre sí; poseen forma de gancho y se encuentran distanciadas entre sí; son las que permitirán la fijación del sistema de pantógrafo a una grúa, fijación que se produce en conjunto con otras dos piezas conectoras similares inferiores y se ubican en los bordes laterales inferiores de la placa de respaldo. 3. Versatile equipment for the movement of loads on sliding sheets, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because the structural backing plate has two connecting parts on its back face, arranged perpendicular to its plane, parallel to each other; they have a hook shape and are distanced from each other; Are the which will allow the fixation of the pantograph system to a crane, fixation that is produced in conjunction with two other similar lower connecting pieces and are located on the lower side edges of the backing plate.
4. Equipo versátil para el movimiento de cargas sobre láminas deslizantes, de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 y 3, CARACTERIZADO porque los medios para la disposición de más de dos horquillas con rodillos consisten en un espacio que se genera por la distancia entre cada una de las dos piezas conectoras en forma de gancho de la placa estructural de soporte, el que permite que entre ellas se disponga una tercera horquilla con rodillos. 4. Versatile equipment for the movement of loads on sliding plates, according to claim 1 and 3, CHARACTERIZED because the means for the arrangement of more than two forks with rollers consist of a space that is generated by the distance between each of the two hook-shaped connecting pieces of the structural support plate, which allows a third fork with rollers to be arranged between them.
5. Equipo versátil para el movimiento de cargas sobre láminas deslizantes, de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1, CARACTERIZADO porque los brazos desplegables que conforman al pantógrafo en sí, son un par de brazos externos y un par de brazos centrales; donde dichos brazos poseen un extremo distal y otro proximal, siendo el extremo proximal aquel que se une a la placa estructural de respaldo y su extremo distal aquel opuesto que se une a la placa frontal. 5. Versatile equipment for the movement of loads on sliding plates, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because the folding arms that make up the pantograph itself are a pair of external arms and a pair of central arms; where said arms have a distal end and a proximal end, the proximal end being the one that joins the structural backing plate and its distal end that opposite that joins the front plate.
6. Equipo versátil para el movimiento de cargas sobre láminas deslizantes, de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 y 5, CARACTERIZADO porque el extremo proximal de cada uno de los brazos se une a la placa estructural de respaldo en las correderas, donde el extremo proximal de cada uno de los brazos se desplaza verticalmente por dichas correderas superior e inferior. 6. Versatile equipment for the movement of loads on sliding plates, according to claim 1 and 5, CHARACTERIZED because the proximal end of each of the arms joins the structural backrest plate on the slides, where the proximal end of each of the arms moves vertically through said upper and lower slides.
7. Equipo versátil para el movimiento de cargas sobre láminas deslizantes, de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1, CARACTERIZADO porque la placa frontal consiste en una placa plana que posee una cara posterior y una cara anterior, donde el extremo superior de la cara posterior presenta dos piezas de corredera por donde se desplaza el extremo distal del par de brazos externos del pantógrafo; mientras que el par central de brazos se une de manera pivotante a la zona inferior de la cara posterior de la placa frontal. 7. Versatile equipment for the movement of loads on sliding sheets, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because the front plate consists of a flat plate that has a rear face and a front face, where the upper end of the rear face has two sliding parts where the distal end of the pair of external arms of the pantograph moves; while the central pair of arms pivotally joins the lower area of the rear face of the faceplate.
8. Equipo versátil para el movimiento de cargas sobre láminas deslizantes, de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1, CARACTERIZADO porque el sistema de agarre de las láminas deslizantes se ubica fijo en la cara posterior inferior de la placa frontal. 8. Versatile equipment for the movement of loads on sliding plates, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because the grip system of the sliding plates is fixedly fixed on the lower rear face of the front plate.
9. Equipo versátil para el movimiento de cargas sobre láminas deslizantes, de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1, CARACTERIZADO porque el sistema de agarre de las láminas deslizantes comprende una placa vertical o mandíbula que en su extremo inferior se encuentra plegada hacia delante y termina en un borde aguzado, sobre el que se posa el borde de la lámina deslizante para ser cazada por una mordaza, la que consiste en una pieza horizontal que baja verticalmente hasta dicho borde plegado de la mandíbula, dejando así atrapada a dicha lámina entre sí. 9. Versatile equipment for the movement of loads on sliding plates, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because the grip system of the sliding plates comprises a vertical plate or jaw which at its lower end is folded forward and ends in a sharp edge, on which the edge of the sliding sheet perches to be hunted by a jaw, which consists of a horizontal piece that descends vertically to said folded edge of the jaw, thus trapping said sheet with each other.
10. Equipo versátil para el movimiento de cargas sobre láminas deslizantes, de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1, CARACTERIZADO porque el medio de rodadura que permite generar la distancia entre el sistema de agarre de las láminas deslizantes y la superficie de rodadura de las horquillas con rodillos, comprende una rueda distanciadora, la que está unida a la parte posterior de la mandíbula a través de un eje y una placa base, estando el extremo inferior de dicha rueda dispuesto a un nivel más bajo que el nivel del borde plegado de dicha mandíbula. 10. Versatile equipment for the movement of loads on sliding blades, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because the rolling means that allow generating the distance between the grip system of the sliding blades and the rolling surface of the forks with rollers It comprises a spacer wheel, which is attached to the back of the jaw through an axle and a base plate, the lower end of said wheel being arranged at a level lower than the level of the folded edge of said jaw.
11. Equipo versátil para el movimiento de cargas sobre láminas deslizantes de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1, CARACTERIZADO porque en la parte posterior de la mandíbula, donde se fijan las ruedas distanciadoras, presenta un conjunto de dos filas de perforaciones horizontales paralelas, que permiten la adaptación de la posición horizontal de las ruedas distanciadoras. 11. Versatile equipment for the movement of loads on sliding plates according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because at the rear of the jaw, where the spacer wheels are fixed, it has a set of two rows of parallel horizontal perforations, which allow adaptation of the horizontal position of the spacer wheels.
12. Equipo versátil para el movimiento de cargas sobre láminas deslizantes de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1, CARACTERIZADO porque dichas horquillas con rodillos se conforman por paletas o placas rectangulares, con una disminución progresiva de su espesor en su cara superior; poseen extremos opuestos, uno proximal en ángulo de 90°, y un extremo distal que presenta una arista frontal en punta. 12. Versatile equipment for the movement of loads on sliding sheets according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that said forks with rollers are formed by pallets or rectangular plates, with a progressive decrease of their thickness in their upper face; they have opposite ends, a proximal one at an angle of 90 °, and a distal end that has a pointed front edge.
13. Equipo versátil para el movimiento de cargas sobre láminas deslizantes de acuerdo a la reivindicación 12, CARACTERIZADO porque cada una de dichas paletas posee en el extremo plegado en ángulo, una rueda de apoyo y en el borde superior, un pasador que funciona como eje de giro de dicha paleta en torno a una pieza vertical o espaldar, donde dicho espaldar consiste en una placa rectangular que en su cara posterior presenta dos piezas en forma de ganchos enfrentados, a través de los cuales, cada una de dichas horquillas se une a la placa frontal de la grúa con la que trabaja. 13. Versatile equipment for the movement of loads on sliding sheets according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED because each of said pallets has at the end folded at an angle, a support wheel and at the top edge, a pin that functions as an axis of turning said pallet around a vertical piece or back, where said back consists of a rectangular plate that on its back face has two pieces in the form of facing hooks, through which, each of said forks joins the front plate of the crane with which it works.
14. Equipo versátil para el movimiento de cargas sobre láminas deslizantes de acuerdo a la reivindicación 12, CARACTERIZADO porque el cuerpo de la paleta de las horquillas, presenta dos conjuntos de cavidades o calados longitudinales, dentro de los cuales se disponen unos conjuntos de rodillos en capas horizontales, de modo que entre ambas líneas de calados, donde se disponen los rodillos, se conforma una superficie longitudinal delgada que es parte de la estructura central de la paleta y que es por donde se desplaza la rueda distanciadora del pantógrafo. 14. Versatile equipment for the movement of loads on sliding blades according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED in that the body of the pallet of the forks has two sets of cavities or longitudinal drafts, within which roller assemblies are arranged in horizontal layers, so that between the two draft lines, where the rollers are arranged, a thin longitudinal surface is formed which is part of the central structure of the pallet and which is where the pantograph's distance wheel travels.
15. Método para mover cargas sobre láminas deslizantes que utiliza un equipo formado por dos sistemas que pueden actuar de forma conjunta o autónoma de acuerdo a lo requerido, el que minimiza los tiempos de operación y permite disminuir la distancia entre cargas depositadas CARACTERIZADO porque comprende las etapas de localizar un equipo formado por dos sistemas, donde uno de ellos es un sistema tradicional de al menos dos horquillas con rodillos (roller-fork), formado por paletas que poseen líneas de rodillos que generan una superficie de rodadura para movimiento de la carga y donde cada paleta posee un espaldar vertical con un sistema de pivote entre dicha paleta y dicho espaldar; y el otro es un sistema de movimiento de carga por pantógrafo que está compuesto por dos pares de brazos desplegables, cada uno con un extremo distal y otro proximal, una placa estructural de respaldo que presenta un sistema de correderas por el que se desplazan los extremos proximales de dichos brazos desplegables y medios para la disposición de más de dos horquillas con rodillos, una placa frontal que presenta en su parte inferior un sistema de agarre de las láminas deslizantes, el que a su vez presenta un medio de rodadura que comprende una rueda que permite generar una distancia entre el sistema de agarre de las láminas deslizantes y la superficie de rodadura de las horquillas; se toma la carga que está depositada sobre una lámina deslizante y a su vez sobre un pallet, donde el equipo extiende el pantógrafo y acerca el extremo distal de las paletas con rodillos y la mandíbula del pantógrafo hacia el frontal del pallet, atrapa el borde de la lámina deslizante entre la mordaza y el pisón; el pantógrafo comienza a retraer sus brazos y con ello arrastra la carga consigo para ir deslizándola y dejándola sobre la superficie de rodadura de las horquillas; el equipo mueve la carga hacia el punto de descarga y apoya las paletas con rodillos en el piso; cuando apoya las paletas en el piso, el espaldar de las horquillas pivota respecto de las paletas,; una vez que las horquillas se han posado en el piso, los rodillos de las horquillas ascienden por sobre la superficie superior de las horquillas; el equipo retrocede por acción de la grúa y a medida que lo hace va desplegando el pantógrafo, el que se mantiene a una distancia constante a la superficie de rodadura a través de la rueda distanciadora, tal que a medida que avanza la placa frontal del pantógrafo su mandíbula no choca con los rodillos de las horquillas, compensando también el efecto pivotante de las horquillas en sus espaldares mediante el movimiento vertical de los extremos proximales de los brazos a través de las correderas verticales superior e inferior dispuestas en la placa estructural de soporte; una vez depositada la carga a piso, el pantógrafo empuja a dicha carga para provocar un avance de ésta y disminuir la distancia con el bulto antecesor; el pantógrafo se retrae, ascienden las horquillas y el equipo está disponible para otra operación. 15. Method to move loads on sliding sheets that uses a team consisting of two systems that can act jointly or autonomously according to what is required, which minimizes the operating times and allows to reduce the distance between deposited loads CHARACTERIZED because it comprises the stages of locating a team formed by two systems, where one of them is a traditional system of at least two forks with rollers (roller-fork), formed by pallets that have roller lines that generate a rolling surface for movement of the load and where each paddle has a vertical backrest with a pivot system between said paddle and said backrest; and the other is a pantograph loading movement system that is composed of two pairs of folding arms, each with a distal end and a proximal end, a structural backing plate that has a sliding system through which the ends move proximal of said folding arms and means for the arrangement of more than two forks with rollers, a front plate which has in its lower part a grip system of the sliding blades, which in turn has a rolling means comprising a wheel which allows generating a distance between the grip system of the sliding blades and the tread surface of the forks; the load that is deposited on a sliding sheet is taken and in turn on a pallet, where the equipment extends the pantograph and brings the distal end of the pallets with rollers and the pantograph jaw towards the front of the pallet, catches the edge of the sliding blade between the jaw and the ram; the pantograph begins to retract its arms and with it drag the load with it to go sliding it and leaving it on the tread surface of the forks; the equipment moves the load towards the discharge point and supports the pallets with rollers on the floor; when supporting the pallets on the floor, the backs of the forks pivot with respect to the pallets; once the forks have landed on the floor, the fork rollers ascend above the upper surface of the forks; the equipment recoils by action of the crane and as it does it unfolds the pantograph, which is maintained at a constant distance to the rolling surface through the distance wheel, such that as the pantograph's front plate advances The jaw does not collide with the fork rollers, also compensating the pivoting effect of the forks on their backs by means of the vertical movement of the proximal ends of the arms through the upper and lower vertical slides arranged in the structural support plate; once the load has been deposited on the floor, the pantograph pushes said load to cause it to advance and decrease the distance with the previous bulge; the pantograph retracts, the forks ascend and the equipment is available for another operation.
PCT/CL2011/000022 2010-04-08 2011-03-28 Apparatus for moving loads on slip sheets WO2011123965A1 (en)

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CL346-2010 2010-04-08
CL2010000346A CL2010000346A1 (en) 2010-04-08 2010-04-08 Versatile equipment for the movement of loads on sliding plates, formed by two systems that act together or autonomously, where one system has two forks with rollers and a back and the other system of movement of load by pantograph with two pairs of arms, back plate with sliding system, a front plate; and method

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ITMO20130313A1 (en) * 2013-11-13 2015-05-14 C M C S R L Societa Unipersonal E GROUP FOR LOADING AND UNLOADING CONTAINER OBJECTS
US10589970B1 (en) 2017-03-31 2020-03-17 Rightline Equipment, Inc. High visibility push-pull forklift attachment
CN112591672A (en) * 2020-12-17 2021-04-02 胡喆 Automatic stacking device for battery grids
US11945695B2 (en) 2019-03-24 2024-04-02 Nilec Solutions, Llc Apparatus, system and method for the delivery of items onto surfaces including elevated surfaces

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CN112591672A (en) * 2020-12-17 2021-04-02 胡喆 Automatic stacking device for battery grids

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