WO2011152801A1

WO2011152801A1 - A method of dental implant

Info

Publication number: WO2011152801A1
Application number: PCT/TR2011/000126
Authority: WO
Inventors: Panur Yaramanoglu
Original assignee: Panur Yaramanoglu
Priority date: 2010-06-04
Filing date: 2011-05-26
Publication date: 2011-12-08
Also published as: TR201004532A2

Abstract

The present invention relates to a dental implant (1) comprising of a main part having at least two bearings (4), at least two screws passing through the main part (2) and going into the bone with a certain angle, which may be changed depending on the usage area, and a part which is fitted on the said main part (2), visible in the mouth and covered with prosthesis.

Description

DESCRIPTION

A METHOD OF DENTAL IMPLANT

Related Technical Field

The present invention relates to a method of implant used in dental operations. Prior Art

Currently, the method of dental implant has become a frequently-used method for recovering the functional and aesthetical characteristics of the teeth missing on the jaw. In other words, dental implant is the artificial tooth root which is made of appropriate materials and fixed on the jaw bone. This method is a functional and alternative way of treatment which is much safer compared to the conventional crowning, bridgework and palate prosthesis. The prosthesis applied on the implants occupies the places of the real teeth and they form a natural structure. While the missing teeth are being replaced by the artificial ones, no damage is done to the healthy teeth. Implant applications are more long-lasting compared to all the other prosthesis.

However it has been observed that the available implant methods of the prior art are insufficient for solving the present technical problems to a desired extent. This insufficiency has created the need to develop a new invention which will surpass the state of the art: The extraction of the tooth on the jawbone depending on congenital, morphological or time factors leads to lack of function, which therefore causes resorption, namely osteolysis. It is quite difficult and even impossible to implement thick implants on the narrow or thin jaw bones, which emerge as a result of resorption. Since the surface area of some parts belonging to the available thin implants inside the bone is quite small, when these thin implants are exposed to great forces during chewing, they cause excessive pressure on the bone and therefore resorption, implant loss and implant breakages .

In the state of art, there are also some occasions where two implants are fixed as the root of one tooth. For the natural teeth, furcation area which is the joint point of two roots is located outside of the gingiva. However in the methods with two implants, there emerges a non-clearable area on the outer part of the implants which goes into the prosthesis. This non- clearable area causes gingivitis and osteitis in the neck region, and accordingly osteolysis and implant losses.

In the mandible, when the mandibular channel (canalis mandibularis) is close to the surface of the bone, since the length of the bone part on which implant can be applied is not sufficient, it is not possible to apply implant or there comes out a need to apply a short implant. Although thin implant application on that part makes it possible to fix implant behind the mandibular channel, these thin implants that are planned to be applied on small and big molar teeth cannot carry this load.

On the maxilla, the bone part under the maxillar sinus provides the bone thickness appropriate for applying implant. However early tooth extraction or congenital reasons generate a frequent complication by causing the maxillar sinus to overhang towards the crest top. Accordingly, there are two options: small and big mollar tooth spaces where the maxillar sinus is present are filled with bones as a result of long, costly and difficult treatments for the patient by means of sinus operations, or more load is imposed on the implants than they can carry by fixing short implants on that area, and therefore a great risk is taken in terms of the method. Thick implant cannot be applied on the mandible and narrow jaw bones. No matter how much it is tried to make that area thicker by means of artificial bone grafts and autogenous bone grafts in order to increase the thickness of the bone, it does not always result in the desired way and it is not possible to apply this in some cases or it requires long-term and difficult surgical operations.

In both mandible and maxilla, although it is desired to apply only thin implant on a thin bone, that thin implant cannot carry the necessary load. Therefore, these two implants to be fitted cause problems on the joint area.

The present invention brings a new perspective for the solution of these problems experienced in the state of art and eliminates these shortcomings.

Object of the Invention:

The object of the present invention is to provide strong structures wherein two or more thin implants are placed on the jaw bone which gets thinner in the process of time after the teeth on the jaw bone have been pulled out, and these implants combine in a third block on the crest top and therefore the union part of the implants which are longer and have more surface area, most importantly which is located inside the jaw bone just like in the natural teeth and as a result of the combination of these implants on the surface, the dented surfaces generated on this area will not cause infection and resorption on the jaw bone and soft tissue.

Another object of the invention is to increase the length and therefore the surface area of the implant by placing two thin implants behind or in front of the mandibular channel (in the case that this channel is damaged or a pressure is applied on it, then it may pose a risk of bleeding or permanent torpor for the patient since it contains vessels and nerves) which is located inside the mandible and also to spread the obligatory bone thickness to be used to the whole mandible.

Another object of the invention is to increase the surface area of the implants and to disperse the forces equally to that area by imitating the natural tooth roots by placing two short roots under the sinus on the maxilla and placing a third long root behind (in the area reaching towards the soft palate) the sinus just like in the natural teeth and also by combining these roots in a fourth block in an area close to the crest. Another object of the invention is to develop a long-lasting application which abolishes the risk of breaking or abraison.

Description of the Figures : The present invention is explained by means of the accompanying figures, out of which:

Figure 1. is the front view of the implant.

Figure 2. is the top view of the implant. Figure 3. is the top view of the main part.

Figure 4. is the side view of the main part.

Figure 5. is the inner view of the jaw bone morphology. The parts in the figures are numerated and named as follows:

1. Implant

2. Main part

3. Screw

4. Main part bearing

5. Mandibular channel

6. Maxillary sinus channel

Description of the Invention:

The present invention relates to a dental implant (1) comprising of a main part (2) with two bearings (4), at least two screws (3) which goes into the bone by passing through the main part (2) and which is variable depending on the usage area, and an upper part which is fitted on the said main part (2) and visible inside the mouth, and onto which a prosthesis is applied. The main part (2) of the dental implant (1) can be adjusted to the state and position of the bone which may be in different geometrical shapes such as ellipse, sphere, cube, rhombus, scalenequadrangle, cylinder, elliptic cylinder whose base and top may be elliptic. The main part (2) not only can be fixed into the bone by means of threads and dentations but also can be placed on a smooth area. The surface area of the part (2) can be extended by roughing it with the help of sand blasting technique, etching technique with asides or any other technique appropriate for the anatomy. The group of screws (3) inside the implant (1) are placed inside the bone with any angle to the bearing by passing through the bearings (4) located inside the main part (2) . The screws (3) are composed of at least two groups of screws (3) , the thickness of which is variable, with threads or without threads, having at least one dentation on it, or without any dentation, made of titanium, zirconium, and/or combinations thereof and even any other material having a biological adaptation. Various keys and tools are made use of in order to place these screws (3) .

At least two, three or four bearings (4) inside the main part

(2) narrow down with a certain angle. Therefore, as the screw

(3) going into the bone progresses forward, it is squeezed inside the bearing (4) and generates a cold welding. As an alternative to this method, the screws (3) are fitted into any set inside the main part (2) and the process ends. In order for the screws (3) to progress into the bone with a desired angle, the bearings (4) located in the main part (2) may be of different angles or all of them may have the same angle. At least two screws (3) to be placed on the bone by passing through the main part (2) may be applied with various options such as conical or cylindrical, with or without threads. The main part (2) and screws (3) in the system are partially or wholly placed into the bone. There is an upper structure which is fitted on the main part (2) with or without any channel, and which is connected to the main part (2) by means of a screw (3) or a joggle system and visible in the mouth, and onto which a prosthesis can be applied. This upper structure may either reach to the inner part of the mouth with the same angle with the main part (2), or reach with different angles and diameters, and it may be of any geometrical shape. While the thin implants (1) imitating the roots are going out of the main part (2) which is placed at the top of the bone, they follow the guide bearings (4) inside the main part (2). The angles of these guide bearings (4) may be adjusted to different shapes in desired width. Therefore, it can be detected that the bearings (4) inside the main part (2) which is placed on the crest top following the tomography do not give harm to the anatomical formations on the jaw bone regardless of the angle. As a result of this, following the tomography the doctor can appropriately implement the main body having bearings in desired angles to the patient. This both enables the implant (1) to be placed securely and also guides it. Since the system imitates the number of roots of the natural teeth, it works in a full accordance with the human anatomy. The implants (1) imitating the roots goes out of the main part (2) by either getting closer to each other or separating from each other in terms of angle. This enables two or more thin implants (1) to be placed into the bone in a reverse conical shape and therefore provides a great mechanical holding.

Since the spirals of the implants (1) produced for the mandible are denser and more indistinct, the implants (1) generate less stress inside the bone, however due to width of the trabeculas, or namely bone pores, of the maxillary bone, that area provides a quite effective primary stability thanks to its less dense but more distinct threads. The present system can be easily applied in the dental sicknesses which are described in more detail below:

Depending on the birth, morphology or time factors, resorption, or namely osteolysis, comes out in the jaw bone when the teeth located on the jaw bone are pulled out. In the cases where it is difficult or even impossible to apply thick implants (1) on the jaw bones which gets narrower and thinner because of resorptions, which causes problems during the implant (1) process, the present invention can be easily applied in these parts thanks to its structure composing of thin parts. When the surface area of the available thin implants (1) inside the bones is small and when these implants are exposed to great pressure during chewing, then they cause an excessive load on the bone and result in undesired consequences such as resorption, implant (1) loss and implant (1) breakages. However, since the present invention comprises a combination of at least two thin implants (1) in a way that they will extend the surface area, the forces are equally dispersed into the bone and the same load is carried by more than one implant (1) , and therefore the loads on the implants diminish, as well. This eliminates the risk of implant (1) loss and implant' (1) breakages.

When it is obligatory to use two implants (1), in the present invention, these two implants combines in a third body in the neck part and therefore gets below the gingiva level and even inside the bone, and the upper structure is located as one single part above the gingiva level. In this regard, this decreases the risk of infection and therefore the potential risk of complication in the part where implant (1) is applied.

There is a mandibular channel (5) in the mandible, where there are vessels and nerves. During the application of the implant, implants should never contact the said channel. For this reason, the implant applications in the mandible can be carried out above the upper borders of the mandibular channel. In the cases where bone surfaces are thin, the thickness of the part where an implant (1) will be applied falls short, which results in some problems such as the impossibility of application or short implant application. As it is frequently experienced in the state of art, although the application of thin implant in that part makes it possible for the implant (1) to be placed behind the mandibular channel (5) , thin implants (1) to be applied in the place of small and big molar teeth cannot carry this load.

However in the present invention, the surface area is extended by placing two thin implants (1) behind the channel (5) . In such kind of an application, the bone thickness which is obligatory to be used is not limited only with the bone located on the mandibular channel (5) , on the contrary the whole mandible bone can be used for the implant (1) application as much as its thickness is adequate.

Commonly, the bone part left under the maxillary sinus (6) in the maxilla meets the bone thickness appropriate for implant (1) application. However as a result of early tooth extraction or congenital factors, it is among the frequently-experienced complications of the maxillary sinus (6) to lean towards the crest top. In the presence of these complications, when an implant (1) application is necessary, particularly small and big molar tooth parts where the maxillary sinus (6) is, are either filled with bone as a result of long-term treatments by means of sinus operations, or short implants are placed in that part and therefore a great risk is taken in terms of the amount of load that the implants (1) can carry. In the present invention, on the other hand, two short roots are placed under the sinus (6) in the maxilla and a third long root is placed behind the sinus (6) just like in the natural teeth. These roots unite in a part which is the fourth block close to the crest top. This union both extends the surface area by imitating the natural tooth roots and also disperse the loads equally to the area. Therefore the stress inside the bone decreases and the treatment becomes successful for a certain period of time which is longer than expected. In such an application, since the risk of implant (1) breakage diminishes, it has become possible to apply the implant with three roots in the big molar teeth on the maxilla, and with two roots in the small molar teeth.

Claims

1. A dental implant (1) characterized in that it consists of a main part (2) which will be placed into the bone, at least two, optionally three or four bearings (4) narrowing down with a certain angle within the main part (2), and screws (3) passing through the said bearings (4) with a certain angle and being placed within the bone.

An implant (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the main part (2) has dentations and threads, providing it to be placed inside the bone.

An implant (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the screws (3) reaching to the bone by passing through the bearings inside the main part (2) are of different thickness, conical or cylindrical shape, with or without threads, with at least one dentation on it, or without any dentation, made of a material such as titanium, zirconium and/or their combinations having biological adaptations.

An implant (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the bearings (4) on the main part (2), through which the screws (3) are to pass, have different or same angle with the main part (2) .

An implant (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in comprising the following steps:

- the screw (3) group inside the implant (1) are squeezed by progressing into the bearings (4) placed on the main part (2), which narrow down with a certain angle, and they generate cold welding, - the screws (3) are fitted inside the bone by passing through the bearings (4) on the main part (2),

- the upper structure which is fitted on the the main part (2) with or without bearing, connected to the main part (2) by means of at least two screws (3) or a joggle system, on which a prosthesis is implemented, can extend into the mouth with same or different angles, diameters and geometrical shapes with the main part (2) .

An implant (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that two thin screws are placed behind the mandibular channel on the mandible in order to extend the surface area and to enable the mandible to be used all through its thickness.

An implant (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in providing the loads to be dispersed equally to that area in the implant (1) , the surface area of which is extended, and placing two short screws (3) as roots under the sinus in the maxilla, and placing a long screw (3) as the third root behind the sinus and combining these roots inside the main part (2) as the fourth block which is close to the crest top.

8. An implant (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the area where the mini implants are combined in the main body is located inside the bone.