WO2012116408A1

WO2012116408A1 - Detection system

Info

Publication number: WO2012116408A1
Application number: PCT/AU2012/000214
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ian Hugh HAMILTON
Original assignee: Encore Automation Pty Ltd
Priority date: 2011-03-01
Filing date: 2012-03-01
Publication date: 2012-09-07

Abstract

A detection system (30) for detecting the loss of a ground engaging tool component (32) from a mining or earthmoving machine (33), the system (30) comprising a radio frequency identification tag (31) securable to the component (32), and one or more tag reading stations (97, 100, 120) that each include a radio frequency identification tag reader (90, 101, 121) for reading the tag (31).

Description

DETECTION SYSTEM

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to detection systems and, in particular, to detection systems for detecting the loss of ground engaging tool components.

Although the present invention will be described with particular reference to detecting the loss of ground engaging tool components from a mining or earthmoving machinery, it will be appreciated that the invention is not necessarily limited to this application.

Background Art

Ground Engaging Tools (GET) are attached to mining and earth moving machinery such as face shovels, draglines, loaders and excavators, and are the workface contact between machine and ground.

From time to time, the wear components on GET hardware, typically teeth and adapters, break and fall off during the dig and load cycle "contaminating" the ore. These components are made of hardened alloy steel and can weigh hundreds of kilograms, making them probably the worst tramp metal created in a mine. They create extremely serious work place hazards and can cause significant production losses through equipment damage, plant downtime and ore wastage.

Typically, if a breakage is detected, the digging machine and haulage trucks immediately cease production and the digging face is inspected. If the missing component cannot be readily found, several scoops of ore are removed from the suspected location and all outbound trucks carrying ore are re-routed to dump their loads in a "quarantine" stockpile area.

However, if a broken component is not detected or found in time and reaches a crusher, the consequences can be far worse. For example, a tooth may jam in the crusher causing severe damage and put the crusher out-of- service for hours or days at a time.

Removing a jammed tooth from a crusher is a very dangerous procedure that can lead to fatalities if not performed properly. A tooth that enters a crusher can also unexpectedly fly out at great speed due to mechanical forces, thus posing a danger for nearby personnel and equipment.

Furthermore, a mining machine that continues to operate with components missing can significantly increase the risk of further breakages and ultimately damage other parts of the machine (e.g. the bucket lip of a shovel) resulting in very expensive equipment repairs and extended downtime.

Broken components are a serious safety issue, and when combined with ore wastage, production losses, and equipment damage, they cost the mining industry vast amounts of money in direct and indirect costs every year. The total cost of this problem to the global mining industry could be measured in billions of dollars per annum.

Reduction of contaminated ore and crusher incidents relies on an efficient method for detecting dislodged wear components. Existing methods for detection of broken components have primarily been based on two approaches. The most widely employed and reliable method of detection, particularly if applied in a rigorous and systematic manner is the operator visual confirmation method. However, it is likely that few operators would say that this is an effective and sustainable solution due to the ongoing problem of lost GET and associated incidents each year.

The other method is to use a closed-circuit television (CCTV) camera.

Using sophisticated object recognition software, a missing tooth can be detected. However, this system has a number of key drawbacks including a reliance on good visibility between camera and GET, and highly complex computer algorithms to interpret visual data. This technology is limited to face shovels only where there is a clear line of sight to the teeth and is not suitable for loaders or excavators. There are high initial capital costs, regular calibrations, and ongoing daily maintenance requirements to clean the boom mounted camera lens and high intensity flood light. Reliability issues with clear vision are also a concern especially in dust, rain and fog. CCTV does not provide a solution for finding a component once it has fallen off and the problems associated with this technology are reflected in the relatively low levels of industry adoption.

Other technologies from basic colour powder bombs and thermal imaging have been trialed or theorised about over the years without success. With any current method, if a component is missing, it still has to be found before it gets to the crusher, and often large quantities of ore are "quarantined" in an attempt to isolate the component. It is often simply assumed to have been located and isolated without ever actually sighting it.

A technology proposed by the University of Alberta (Xiujuan Luo) uses laser range data for detecting missing shovel teeth. The technology involves creating a CAD model of an intact tooth, using a laser range finder to scan the tooth line of a shovel, and comparing the laser scan with the CAD model to detect missing teeth.

Motion Metrics International Corp. of Vancouver, British Columbia offers a broken tooth detection system for mining shovels and loaders under the trade mark ToothMetrics™. The Motion Metrics system is a camera based system.

United States Patent No. 5,743,031 (Launder et al.) describes an apparatus for providing a signal indicative of loss or imminent loss of digging hardware. The apparatus includes an actuatable indicator and an actuator. In the preferred embodiments, the actuator is comprised of a lanyard which is secured between an adaptor and a digging tooth. If the digging tooth breaks off or becomes dislodged from the adaptor, the lanyard senses the change in predetermined relationship between the adaptor and the digging tooth and actuates the actuatable indicator. In the preferred embodiments the actuatable indicator is comprised of a smoke canister.

United States Patent No. 6,870,485 (Lujan et al.) describes a method and apparatus for detecting and reporting dislocation of heavy metal parts on mining equipment. The apparatus includes a spring loaded switch sandwiched between heavy metal parts, which upon partial separation of the parts expands and turns on an electrical switch to activate a radio transmitter, sending an alarm signal to a receiver at a remote location.

United States Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0121895 A1 (Denny et al.) discloses an oilfield equipment identifying apparatus for use with a drilling rig. The drilling rig preferably has a rig floor, a drilling device, and an equipment path through at least one of the rig floor and the drilling device. The identifying apparatus comprises a computer and a reader assembly. The computer is loaded with an oilfield equipment database. The reader assembly is in communication with the computer and comprises at least one surface acoustic wave RFID tag reader adjacent to at least a portion of the equipment path of the drilling rig. The reader remotely reads at least one unique identification code from a surface acoustic wave RFID tag associated with a piece of oilfield equipment and transmits the unique identification code to the computer.

United States Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0090012 A1 (Moritz) discloses an RFID tag assembly for tagging an asset. The RFID tag assembly comprises a housing including an inner cavity and a through bore. In addition, the assembly comprises an RFID tag disposed in the inner cavity. Further, the assembly comprises a mounting member coaxially disposed in the bore. The mounting member includes a threaded portion that extends from the lower surface of the housing and is adapted to threadingly couple the housing to the asset.

United States Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0096455 A1 (Binmore) discloses an RFID system including an RFID tag configured for installation into the edge of an object. The RFID tag is configured to be installed into a tag pocket formed in the object, such that two surfaces of the RFID tag are left exposed after installation. The geometry of the RFID tag is such that the entire outline of the RFID tag is contained within the geometry of the object to provide structural protection of the RFID tag.

It is against this background that the present invention has been developed.

Summary of the Invention

It is an object of the present invention to overcome, or at least ameliorate, one or more of the deficiencies of the prior art mentioned above, or to provide the consumer with a useful or commercial choice.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein, by way of illustration and example, a preferred embodiment of the present invention is disclosed.

According to a first broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a detection system for detecting the loss of a ground engaging tool component from a mining or earthmoving machine, the system comprising a radio frequency identification tag securable to the component, and one or more tag reading stations that each include a radio frequency identification tag reader for reading the tag.

The detection system may be used for detecting the loss of any suitable type of ground engaging tool component from a mining or earthmoving machine. For example, the detection system may be used for detecting the loss of a ground engaging tool wear component such as a tooth, adapter, protective plate, bucket lip, scoop lip, or a ripper from a mining or earthmoving machine.

The detection system may be used for detecting the loss of a ground engaging tool component from any suitable type of mining or earthmoving machine. For example, the detection system may be used for detecting the loss of a ground engaging tool component from a machine such as a front-end loader, bulldozer, excavator, dragline, bucket wheel or face shovel.

Preferably, the radio frequency identification tag is an active radio frequency identification tag.

Preferably, the detection system also comprises a monitoring station, the monitoring station and at least one tag reading station including a wireless transceiver so that the monitoring station and the at least one tag reading station are able to communicate with each other, the monitoring station also including a server that is able to communicate with the wireless transceiver of the monitoring station, and the radio frequency identification tag reader of the at least one tag reading station is able to communicate with the wireless transceiver of that tag reading station.

Preferably, the at least one tag reading station also comprises an Ethernet switch through which the radio frequency identification tag reader and wireless transceiver of the at least one tag reading station are able to communicate with each other.

Preferably, the detection system also comprises a wireless network through which the monitoring station and the at least one tag reading station are able to communicate with each other.

Preferably, each wireless transceiver is a Wi-Fi transceiver, and the wireless network, if present, is a Wi-Fi network.

Preferably, at least one tag reading station is a machine mounted tag reading station. It is preferred that the machine mounted tag reading station also includes a computer that is able to communicate with the radio frequency identification tag reader of the machine mounted tag reading station. It is also preferred that the machine mounted tag reading station further comprises a pair of antennas.

Preferably, at least one tag reading station is a fixed position tag reading station. It is preferred that the fixed position tag reading station also includes a computer that is able to communicate with the radio frequency identification tag reader of the fixed position tag reading station. In a first particular preferred form, the fixed position tag reading station is mounted to an overhead framework of a crusher. In a second particular preferred form, the fixed position tag reading station is mounted on a post.

Preferably, at least one tag reading station is a personal mobile tag reading station. It is preferred that the personal mobile tag reading station is adapted to be handheld.

According to a second broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for detecting the loss of a ground engaging tool component from a mining or earthmoving machine, the method comprising the steps of:

securing a radio frequency identification tag to the component; and attempting to read the tag with a radio frequency identification tag reader of a tag reading station.

According to a third broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a detection system for detecting/recovering a lost ground engaging tool component of a mining or earthmoving machine, the system comprising a radio frequency identification tag securable to the component, and one or more tag reading stations that each include a radio frequency identification tag reader for reading the tag.

According to a fourth broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for detecting/recovering a lost ground engaging tool component of a mining or earthmoving machine, the method comprising the steps of:

According to a fifth broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a radio frequency identification tag for. a ground engaging tool component of a mining or earthmoving machine, the tag comprising a protective housing, and an electronic circuit contained in the housing.

Preferably, the tag is for a wear component of a ground engaging tool. For example, the tag may be for a tooth, adapter, protective plate, or lip for a bucket or scoop, or a ripper.

Preferably, the tag is an active radio frequency identification tag.

Preferably, the protective housing includes a cup. It is preferred that the protective housing also includes a lid for covering an opening in an end of the cup.

Preferably, the lid is inserted into the opening of the cup. Preferably, the fit between the lid and the cup is a press fit. Alternatively, the lid is screwed on to the cup.

It is preferred that an interface between the lid and the cup is sealed. Preferably, the interface between the lid and the cup is sealed with a sealant. For example, the interface between the lid and the cup may be sealed with a silicone sealant. Alternatively, the interface between the lid and the cup may be sealed with an O-ring seal.

Preferably, the protective housing is cylindrical.

Preferably, the protective housing is made from a polymer. It is preferred that the protective housing is made from a thermoplastic polymer. It is particularly preferred that the housing is made from polyethylene terephthalate (i.e., PET, PETE, PETP, PET-P). It is even more particularly preferred that the housing is made from Ertalyte^® polyethylene terephthalate.

Preferably, the electronic circuit includes a circuit board. It is preferred that the electronic circuit also includes a coating on the circuit board. It is particularly preferred that the coating is an epoxy resin coating.

Preferably, the radio frequency identification tag also comprises a protective insert for protecting the circuit within the housing. It is preferred that the protective insert includes a layer of blanket insulation. It is particularly preferred that the protective insert includes a layer of aerogel blanket insulation. In an even more particular preferred form, the protective insert includes a layer of Spaceloft^® flexible, nanoporous aerogel blanket insulation. Preferably, the protective insert includes a plurality of layers. In a particular preferred form, the protective insert includes an intermediate layer and a respective outer layer on opposite sides of the intermediate layer.

Alternatively the radio frequency identification tag also comprises a boot that covers the circuit. The boot is preferably a silicone polymer boot.

According to a sixth broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a ground engaging tool assembly comprising a ground engaging tool component, and a radio frequency identification tag secured to the component.

Preferably, the component is a wear component of a ground engaging tool. For example, the tag may be for a tooth, adapter, protective plate, or lip for a bucket or scoop, or a ripper.

Preferably, the component includes a recess, and the tag is inserted into the recess. It is preferred that the recess is a hole.

Preferably, the tag is secured to the component with an adhesive. It is particularly preferred that the tag is secured to the component with a silicone sealant.

According to a seventh broad aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for securing a radio frequency identification tag to a ground engaging tool component of a mining or earthmoving machine, the method comprising the steps of:

inserting the tag into a recess in the component; and

securing the tag to the component.

Preferably, the method also includes the step of creating the recess in the component. In one preferred form, the recess is cast into the component. In an alternative form, the recess is machined into the component. For example, the recess may be bored, drilled, or milled into the component.

Preferably, the tag is inserted into the recess such that the tag does not protrude from the recess.

Preferably, the step of securing the tag includes adhering the tag to the component with an adhesive. It is preferred that the tag is adhered to the component with a silicon sealant. Brief Description of the Drawings

In order that the invention may be more fully understood and put into practice, a preferred embodiment thereof will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a detection system;

Figure 2 is a partially exploded cross-sectional side elevation of an RFID tag;

Figure 3 is a partially exploded cross-sectional side elevation of an alternative RFID tag;

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional side elevation of the RFID tag illustrated in figure 3 in an assembled condition;

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional side elevation of a tooth for a ground engaging tool and an RFID tag prior to the tag being secured to the tooth;

Figure 6 is a cross-sectional side elevation of the tooth depicted in figure 5 after securing the RFID tag to the tooth;

Figure 7 is an end elevation of the tooth and RFID tag depicted in figure

6;

Figure 8 is a front elevation of a front loader machine that has a bucket on which is mounted a plurality of teeth of the type depicted in figures 5, 6 and 7, and an RFID tag reader for reading the RFID tags secured to the teeth;

Figure 9 depicts the RFID tag reader and a Wi-Fi transceiver mounted on the front loader machine;

Figure 10 depicts the antennas of the RFID tag reader being mounted on top of the cab of the front loader machine;

Figure 11 depicts part of an overhead framework of a crusher on which is mounted a fixed RFID tag reader for scanning haul trucks;

Figure 12 depicts a post on which is mounted a fixed RFID tag reader scanning the load of a haul truck which includes a tooth to which is secured an RFID tag;

Figure 13 is a graph depicting the signal strength of the signal transmitted by an RFID tag at a range of distances from the tag under a variety of different conditions; Figure 14 is a table that is displayed in real-time by the detection system, and that indicates that all ten RFID tags that are mounted on the teeth of a mining or earthmoving machine bucket are present;

Figure 15 is a plan view of the top of a lid of another alternative RFID tag;

Figure 16 is a side elevation of the RFID tag that includes the lid depicted in figure 15;

Figure 17 is a bottom perspective view of a cup of an alternative housing for the RFID tag depicted in figure 16;

Figure 18 is a top perspective view of the cup depicted in figure 17;

Figure 19 is a side elevation of the cup depicted in figure 17;

Figure 20 is a plan view of the base of the cup depicted in figure 17;

Figure 21 is a cross-sectional side elevation of the cup depicted in figure 20 when taken through the line A-A of that figure;

Figure 22 is a top perspective view of a lid of the alternative housing for the RFID tag depicted in figure 16;

Figure 23 is a bottom perspective view of the lid depicted in figure 22;

Figure 24 is a side elevation of the lid depicted in figure 22;

Figure 25 is a plan view of the top of the lid depicted in figure 22;

Figure 26 is a cross-sectional side elevation of the lid depicted in figure

25 when taken through the line A-A of that figure; and

Figure 27 is a schematic diagram depicting a machine that has a first alternative machine mounted tag reading station;

Figure 28 is a schematic diagram depicting a machine that has a second alternative machine mounted tag reading station;

Figure 29 is a schematic diagram depicting a first alternative fixed position tag reading station; and

Figure 30 is a schematic diagram depicting a second alternative fixed position tag reading station.

Best Mode(s) for Carrying out the Invention

In the drawings, like reference numbers have been used to reference like features of the different preferred embodiments.

Referring to figure 1 , a detection system 30 includes a plurality of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags 31. Each tag 31 is mounted on a respective wear component 32 of a ground engaging tool of a mining or earthmoving machine 33 such that the tag 31 is secured to the component 32. The machine 33 may, for example, be a loader such as a front loader, a shovel, or an excavator. Depending on what type of mining or earthmoving machine the machine 33 actually is, the component 32 may, for example, be a tooth, adapter, protective plate, or a lip of a bucket or scoop. The detection system 30 is able to detect the loss of the component 32 from the machine 33. The detection system 30 is also able to detect/find/recover a lost component of the machine 33.

Referring to figure 2, in one form the RFID tag 31 includes a protective cylindrical housing 40, an electronic RFID circuit 41 contained in the housing 40, and a protective insert 42 for protecting the circuit within the housing 40.

The tag 31 is an active RFID tag, and the electronic circuit 41 is adapted to be powered by a power supply (not depicted) such as a battery that is connected to the circuit 41 and that is also contained within the housing 40.

The housing 40 includes a cylindrical cup 43, and a circular lid/end plug 44 for covering an opening 45 in an end of the cup 43.

Lid 44 includes an outer portion 46 for resting on a rim 47 of the cup 43 which surrounds the opening 45, and an inner portion 48 for inserting into the opening 45. When inserted into the opening 45, the fit between the inner portion 48 of the lid 44 and the cup 43 is a press fit. The interface between the lid 44 and the cup 43 is sealed with a sealant such as, for example, a silicone sealant.

Cup 43 includes a cylindrical side wall 49 which defines the opening 45 in the end of the cup 43 as well as the rim 47 of the cup 43. An opposite end of the cup 43 is closed and includes a base 50 from which the side wall 49 extends.

The outer diameter of the cup 43 and the diameter of the outer portion 46 of the lid 44 are 39 mm. The inner diameter of the cup 43 and the diameter of the inner portion 48 of the lid 44 are 36 mm. The cup side wall 49 is 32 or 33 mm high, and is 1.5 mm thick. The cup base 50 is 5 mm thick. The lid 44 is 5 mm thick, with the outer portion 46 being 3 mm thick, and the inner portion 48 being 2 mm thick.

Both the cup 43 and the lid 44 are made from Ertalyte^® polyethylene terephthalate (i.e., PET, PETE, PETP, PET-P). In particular, both the cup 43 and the lid 44 are turned/machined from Ertalyte^® rod having a nominal outer diameter of 40 mm. The cup 43 is made by turning out the centre of the rod so that the inner diameter of the cup 43 is 36 mm, and so that the interior of the cup 43 has a depth of 27 mm. The cup 43 is cut off from the rod to a length of 32 mm. The lid 44 is turned/machined from the rod so that the lid 44 has a thickness of 5 mm, and so that the inner portion 48 is able to be inserted 2 mm into the opening 45 in the cup 43.

Alternatively, instead of turning/machining the cup 43 and the lid 44, the protective housing 40 may be moulded or extruded.

The electronic circuit 41 includes a circuit board 51 on which various electronic components (not depicted) of the circuit 41 are mounted. The circuit board 51 includes an epoxy resin coating 52.

The protective insert 42 is cylindrical and is in the form of Spaceloft^® flexible, nanoporous aerogel blanket insulation which substantially encases the circuit 41 within the housing 40. Insert 42 rests on the base 50 of the cup 43, and is located 2 mm below the rim 47 of the cup 43.

Figures 3 and 4 depict an alternative RFID tag 31 which is similar to the tag 31 depicted in figure 2 except that the protective insert 42 of the tag 31 depicted in the latter figures includes an intermediate layer 60, a first outer layer

61 which is on one side of the intermediate layer 60 and which is adjacent to the opening 45, and a second outer layer 62 which is on an opposite side of the intermediate layer 60 and which is adjacent to the base 50. Each layer 60, 61 ,

62 is a cylindrical layer of Spaceloft® aerogel blanket insulation.

A ground engaging tool component 32 which is in the form of a replaceable tooth/point 70 for a bucket or scoop is depicted in figures 5, 6 and 7. Tooth 70 has a generally tapered profile and includes an upper side 71 , a lower side 72, a leading end 73, and a trailing end 74. A cavity 75 for receiving a projection of an adaptor (not depicted) that is secured to the bucket or scoop extends into the tooth 70 from the trailing end 74.

A cylindrical recess/hole 76 is created in the tooth 70 at a base 77 of the cavity 75. The recess 76 may, for example, be created in the tooth 70 by casting, boring, drilling, or milling it into the tooth 70 which is made out of metal, typically high-strength steel.

The diameter of the recess 76 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the RFID tag protective housing 40 so that the housing 40 is able to be inserted into the recess 76. The depth of the recess 76 is such that the tag 31 is able to be inserted into the recess 76 such that the tag 31 does not protrude from the recess 76.

An adhesive agent such as, for example, a silicone sealant which is located between the bottom of the recess 76 and the inner end of the tag housing 40 which includes the lid 44, secures the tag 31 to the tooth 70 so that the tag 31 is retained in place relative to the tooth 70. Inserting the tag 31 into the recess 76 in this manner assists in protecting the weakest point of the housing 40 which includes the lid 44, and exposes the base 50 of the cup 43 to the wear face/base 77 of the recess 76.

Referring to figure 8, a mining/earthmoving machine 33 in the form of a front end loader 80 includes a ground engaging tool in the form of a bucket 81. A plurality of adapters 82 are mounted on a bottom lip 83 of the bucket 81, and a respective tooth 70 is secured to each adapter 82 in the usual manner. Each adapter 82 includes a projection (not depicted) that is inserted into the cavity 75 of a respective tooth 70 such that at the interface of each projection and tooth 70 there is sufficient clearance between the projection and the RFID tag 31.

An RFID tag reader 90 for reading the tags 31 is mounted on the front end loader 80.

Referring to figure 10, the RFID tag reader 90 includes a pair of antennas 91 that are mounted on top of a cab 92 of the front end loader 80. The antennae 91 allow the reader 90 to communicate with the tags 31. In particular, they allow the reader 90 to detect/read tags 31 that are within the range of the reader 90.

Referring again to figure 1 , the RFID tag reader 90 is connected to a Wi-

Fi transceiver 93. The reader 90 and the transceiver 93 are connected to each other so that they can communicate with each other. The reader 90 is able to transmit data to the transceiver 93. For example, the reader 90 is able to transmit to the transceiver 93 tag identification/ID data which the reader 90 reads from the tag 31. An antenna 94 is connected to the transceiver 93 so that the transceiver 93 is able to communicate with a wireless communication network such as a Wi-Fi communication network 95 of the system 30. The transceiver 93 is able to transmit the data (e.g. tag ID data of the tag 31) that is transmitted to it by the reader 90 to the network 95. If the machine 33 includes a plurality of components 32 that each includes their own tag 31, the tag reader 90 reads the tag 31 of each component 32 in turn.

Referring also to figure 9, an Ethernet switch 96 is connected to the reader 90 and the transceiver 93 which is not visible in figure 9 because it is located directly beneath the reader 90. The reader 90 and the transceiver 93 are connected to the switch 96 such that they are able to communicate with each other through/via the switch 96. The transceiver 93 and the switch 96 are part of a mining communication backbone.

The reader 90, reader antennae 91, transceiver 93, transceiver antenna

94, and switch 96 function as a machine mounted tag reading station 97 of the detection system 30. The detection system 30 can include multiple machine mounted tag reading stations 97. For example, the system 30 can include multiple machine mounted tag reading stations 97, with each station 97 being mounted on a respective machine.

Referring to figure 1 , the detection system 30 also includes one or more fixed position tag reading stations 100. Each station 100 includes an RFID tag reader 101 , a Wi-Fi transceiver 102, and an antenna 103. The reader 101 and the transceiver 102 are connected to each other so that they can communicate with each other. The reader 101 is able to transmit data to the transceiver 102. For example, the reader 101 is able to transmit to the transceiver 102 tag ID data which the reader 101 reads from the tag 31. The antenna 103 is connected to the transceiver 102 so that the transceiver 102 is able to communicate with the network 95. The transceiver 102 is able to transmit the data (e.g. tag ID data of the tag 31 ) that is transmitted to it by the reader 101 to the network 95.

A fixed position tag reading station 100 is shown in figure 11 mounted to an overhead framework 104 of a crusher 105. The reader 101 of the station 100 is positioned so that it can scan haul trucks such as a haul truck 106. In particular, the reader 101 is positioned so that it can scan the load in a tray 107 of the haul truck 106 to determine whether or not there are any RFID tags 31 in the load before the truck 106 deposits its load in the crusher 105. If the reader 101 detects a tag 31 in the load of the truck 106, then it is likely that the wear component 32 that the tag 31 is secured to is also in the load. Once the tag 31 has been detected in the load, the load can be deposited elsewhere, or the wear component 32 can be removed from the load prior to depositing the load in the crusher 105 so as to prevent the crusher 105 from being damaged by the component 32.

The RFID tag reader 101 of the fixed position tag reading station 100 depicted in figure 11 includes an antenna 108 that allows the reader 101 to communicate with the tags 31. In particular, the antenna 108 enables the reader 101 to detect/read tags 31 that are within the range of the reader 101.

In figure 12, a RFID tag reader 101 of a fixed position tag reading station 100 is shown mounted on a post 109. The reader 101 is positioned so that it is able to detect the presence of/read an RFID tag 31 in an ore load 110 in the tray 107 of the haul truck 106. The tag 31 is secured to a tooth 70 which has found its way into the tray 107, so detection/reading of the tag 31 by the reader 101 will also enable the presence of the tooth 70 in the tray 107 to be detected. Upon being detected, the tooth 70 can be removed from the load 110 before it can cause any equipment damage to crushers or any other processing equipment. Alternatively, the load 110 can be deposited in a quarantine area.

Referring again to figure 1 , the detection system 30 also includes one or more personal mobile tag reading stations 120. Each station 120 is adapted to be carried by a respective person. Each station 120 includes an RFID tag reader 121 , a Wi-Fi transceiver 122, and an antenna 123. The reader 121 and the transceiver 122 are connected to each other so that they can communicate with each other. The reader 121 is able to transmit data to the transceiver 122. For example, the reader 121 is able to transmit to the transceiver 122 tag ID data which the reader 121 reads from the tag 31. An antenna 123 is connected to the transceiver 122 so that the transceiver 122 is able to communicate with the network 95. The transceiver 122 is able to transmit the data (e.g. tag ID data of the tag 31) that is transmitted to it by the reader 121 to the network 95.

Although not depicted, the reader 121 includes one or more antennae that allow the reader 121 to communicate with the tags 31. In particular, the antennae of the reader 121 allow the reader to detect/read tags 31 that are within the range of the reader 21.

Each tag 31 has its own unique tag identification data (e.g. a unique tag identification number) so that the readers 90, 101 , 121 are able to identify the individual tags 31. When a tag reading station 97, 100, 120 is used to detect the loss of the component 32 from the machine 33, or to detect recover the component 32 if it is lost, the tag reading station attempts to read the tag 31 and obtain the tag identification of the tag 31.

The detection system 30 also includes a monitoring station 130 that includes a Wi-Fi transceiver 131 , an antenna 132, and a server 133. The antenna 132 is connected to the transceiver 131 so that the transceiver 131 is able to communicate with the other transceivers 93, 102, 122 and therefore the readers 90, 101 , 121 via the network 95. For example, the transceiver 131 is able to receive from the transceivers 93, 102, 122 via the network 95 the tag ID data which the readers 90, 101 , 121 read from the tag 31. The transceiver 131 is connected to the server 133 so that they are able to communicate with each other. The transceiver 131 is able to transmit the data (e.g. tag ID data of the tag 31) that it receives from the transceivers 93, 102, 122 via the network 95 to the server 133 so that the server 133 can then process the data.

Server 133 includes a processor 134, memory 135, and a database 136. Software which is stored on the memory 135 is run on the processor 134 of the server 133, which is a central server. The server 133 communicates with the readers 90, 101, 121 via the wireless network 95 and stores all data in the database 136 which is a SQL database.

The server 133 is able to generate alarm messages/issue alerts which can be communicated to users via a number of different methods, and the system in general or the server 133 in particular interfaces to existing mine management software using Web Services or TCP messaging. For example, if the system 30 via the server 133 detects that a tooth 70 to which a tag 31 is secured has fallen off the machine 33, this will generate an alarm message which will then be communicated to a user (e.g. the operator of the machine 33) by a suitable method (e.g. by radio) so that the user or someone else can take appropriate action to prevent the tooth 70 from finding its way into the crusher.

The server 133 can be a standalone physical machine, or a virtual server as provided by the mine operator to utilise their existing infrastructure.

The graph depicted in figure 13 illustrates the received signal strength of the signal transmitted by the RFID tag 31 at a range of distances from the tag 31 under a variety of different conditions. The graph serves to illustrate four important features. Firstly, the relatively linear loss of signal reading over distance indicates that repeatable and reliable sensing/reading can be achieved. Secondly, the differential between signals when the tooth 70 that the tag 31 is secured to is mounted on and is not mounted on an adaptor 82 gives a clear point of distinction and enables a determination to be made as to whether the tooth 70 has been lost. Thirdly, the strong signal response with a buried tooth 70 in the truck tray 107 allows reliable detection/reading of the tag 31 and tooth 70 before the ore 110 and tooth 70 are tipped into the crusher 105. Finally, the open air signal strength when the tooth 70 is not mounted on the adaptor 82 enable the missing tooth 70 to be located.

It has been found that the tag 31 can be detected/read consistently over a distance of 20 metres from any direction while embedded in the tooth 70. Further, it has been found that when the tooth 70 is fitted to the adapter 82, thereby shielding the tag 31 from any direct path to a reader such as the reader 90, 101 , or 121, the signal strength increases. This result means that it is possible to detect/read the tags 31 of a working machine 33 for active monitoring of their status (i.e. when they are attached to the machine 33).

It is possible to remotely log into the system 30 and view all of the teeth tags 31 that are mounted on the machine 33 while it is operating in a mining pit. Figure 14 depicts a table that is displayed in real-time by the software running on the server 133. The table indicates that all ten RFID tags 31 that are secured to the teeth 70 on a loader bucket are present and that the teeth 70 are therefore present. As can be seen in the first column of the table, each tag 31 has its own unique identification number.

Referring to figures 15 and 16 there is depicted another alternative RFID tag 31. The depicted tag 31 includes a housing 40 that contains an electronic RFID circuit (not depicted) of the tag 31 and a power supply such as a battery that powers the circuit. The housing 40 includes a cylindrical cup 43, and a circular lid/end plug 44 for covering an opening (not depicted) in an end of the cup 43.

Lid 44 includes an outer portion 46 for resting on a rim 47 of the cup 43 which surrounds the opening in the end of the cup 43, and an inner portion (not depicted) for inserting into the opening.

Cup 43 includes a cylindrical side wall 49 which defines the opening in the end of the cup 43 as well as the rim 47 of the cup 43. An opposite end of the cup 43 is closed and includes a base 50 from which the side wall 49 extends.

The side wall 49 includes an internal thread (not depicted) which is located adjacent to the opening in the end of the cup 43. The inner portion of the lid 44 includes an external thread for threadably engaging with the internal thread of the side wall 49 so that the lid 44 is able to be secured to the cup 43 by screwing it on to the cup 32.

The inner portion of the lid 44 also includes an O-ring seal (not depicted) which is able to form a seal between the lid 44 and the cup 43 once the lid 44 has been secured to the cup 43. The O-ring is able to provide excellent environmental sealing which is able to withstand high levels of vibration and shock, water ingress, and extremes of pressure and temperature which mining GET are typically subjected to.

The outer portion 46 of the lid 44 includes a plurality of circumferentially- spaced flat surfaces 140. The surfaces 140 are arranged such that the outer portion 46 of the lid 44 has a similar configuration to the head of a hexagonal bolt. The configuration of the outer portion 46 allows for easier gripping of the outer portion 46 with a person's fingers or a tool such as a spanner and therefore makes it easier to loosen or tighten the lid 44.

The outer diameter of the cup 43 and the outer diameter of the outer portion 46 of the lid 44 are 39 mm. The overall height of the cup 43 and the lid 44 when the lid 44 is secured to the cup 43 is 42 mm. The base 50 of the cup 43 has a chamfered edge 141 that has a radius of 2.5 mm. The outer portion 46 of the lid 44 has a chamfered edge 142 that has a radius of 8 mm.

Both the cup 43 and the lid 44 of the housing 40 are made from polycarbonate (PC) plastic material.

The RFID circuit of the tag 31 depicted in figures 15 and 16 is mounted vertically in the housing 40 such that one end of the circuit is located adjacent to the base 50 and such that an opposite end of the circuit is located adjacent to the lid 44. The end of the circuit which is located adjacent to the base 50 includes an edge of a circuit board of the circuit, and an antenna of the circuit is mounted on that edge of the circuit board. When the tag 31 is inserted into a cavity of a GET such that the base 50 of the housing 40 is located adjacent an opening that leads to the cavity, the antenna is located adjacent the opening and away from the sides of the cavity so that interference to the radio signal which is transmitted from the tag 31 by the circuit is minimised. It has been found that mounting the circuit in the housing 40 and mounting the tag 31 in the GET cavity in this manner is able to assist with improving the strength of the radio signal which is transmitted from the tag 31 by the circuit. Improving the strength of the radio signal which is transmitted from the tag 31 by the circuit allows the tag 31 to be detected with greater reliability.

The RFID circuit, including the circuit board of the RFID circuit, is covered by a silicone polymer boot (not depicted) that effectively suspends or floats the circuit inside the housing 40. It has been found that installing the RFID circuit in the housing 40 in this manner is able to assist in minimizing the shock and vibration that the circuit is subjected to.

Any voids in the housing 40 which remain after the RFID circuit is installed in the housing 40 contain air.

Figures 17 to 26 depict a cup 43 and a lid 44 of an alternative housing 40 for an RFID tag 31 which is otherwise identical to the tag 31 depicted in figures 15 and 16. The cup 43 which is depicted in figures 17 to 21 is identical to the cup 43 of the housing 40 illustrated in figures 15 and 16 except that an outer surface 150 of the cylindrical side wall 49 of the cup 43 depicted in figures 17 to 20 includes a plurality of circumferentially-spaced striations/grooves 151. The inclusion of the grooves 151 assists in the manufacturing of the cup 43.

A side wall 49 of the cup 43 depicted in figures 17 to 21 includes an internal thread 152 which is located adjacent to an opening 45 in the end of the cup 43.

An inner portion 48 of the lid 44 depicted in figures 22 to 26 includes an external thread 153 for threadabiy engaging with the internal thread 152 of the cup side wall 49 so that the lid 44 is able to be secured to the cup 43 by screwing it on to the cup 43.

Referring to figure 27, in an alternative form the machine mounted tag reading station 97 can include a stand-alone, rugged, embedded personal computer 160 that is mounted in a cab of the machine 33. Computer 160 is connected to the RFID tag reader 90 via an RS422 serial communication link 161 such that the computer 160 is able to communicate with the reader 90. The computer 160 functions in a similar manner to the server 133 in that it is able to process all of the information/data provided by the reader 90. However, unlike the server 133, the computer 160 is obviously located locally with the reader 90. The computer 160 is able to alert/issue an alert to the operator of the machine 33 via local alarms/buzzers should the reader 90 detect the loss of a component 32 from the machine 33. In this way, the station 97 is able to act as an independent or self-contained detection system which does not need to communicate with the monitoring station 130 and therefore does not necessarily require the transceiver 93, antenna 94, and switch 96. However, the station 97 may still include the transceiver 93, antenna 94, and switch 96 so that the reader 90 is able to communicate with the server 133 via the computer 160.

This embedded computer option can provide a detection system for mines which do not have reliable Wi-Fi infrastructure to transmit the reader data across, or for mines that may want local processing of alarms on the machine 33 and also on the backbone server 133 to provide site-wide monitoring of multiple machines 33.

Referring to figure 28, another alternative form of the machine mounted tag reading station 97 is similar to the station depicted in figure 27 except that it does not include an Ethernet switch 96, and the computer 160 is connected directly to the transceiver 93 so that the computer 160 and transceiver 93 are able to communicate directly with each other.

Similarly to the machine mounted tag reading station depicted in figure 27, the fixed position tag reading station 100 can include a stand-alone, rugged, embedded personal computer 170 as shown in figures 29 and 30. Computer 170 is connected to the RFID tag reader 101 of the station 100 via an RS422 serial communication link 171 such that the computer 170 is able to communicate with the reader 101. The station 100 may also include an Ethernet switch 172 as depicted in figure 29 with the computer 170 being connected to the switch 172 and the switch 172 being connected to the transceiver 102 of the station 100 such that the computer 170 and the transceiver 02 are able to communicate with each other via the switch 172. Alternatively, the computer 170 may be connected directly to the transceiver 102 as shown in figure 30 so that the computer 170 and the transceiver 102 are able to communicate directly with each other.

The computer 170 functions in a similar manner to the server 133 in that it is able to process all of the information provided by the reader 101. The computer 170 is able to alert issue an alert to an operator via local alarms buzzers should the reader 101 detect a lost component 32. In this way, the station 100 is able to act as an independent or self-contained detection system which does not need to communicate with the monitoring station 130 and therefore does not necessarily require the transceiver 102, antenna 103, and switch 172 (in the case of the station 100 depicted in figure 29). However, the station 100 may still include the transceiver 102, antenna 103, and switch 172 (in the case of the station 100 depicted in figure 29) so that the reader 101 is able to communicate with the server 33 via the computer 160.

The personal mobile tag reading stations 120 are preferably handheld units that are able to:

1. write data to user memory of an RFID tag 31 ;

2. read data from user memory of an RFID tag 31.

3. change the tag status of an RFID tag 31 from inactive (dormant) to active (beaconing), and vice versa; and/or

4. locate a lost component 32 to which an RFID tag 31 is secured. Each of the RFID tags 31 of the detection system 30 is typically inactive from the time it is transported from the factory where it is made/manufactured to the time it is delivered to the end user/customer. When a tag 31 is inactive it is in a dormant state so that it does not beacon out/transmit a full strength radio ID signal. Placing a tag 31 in a dormant state allows the tag's battery to be conserved so as to thereby maximise the service life of the tag 31.

The personal mobile tag reading stations 120 which were discussed previously are able to write data to the user memory of a tag 31 regardless of whether the tag 31 is dormant or beaconing/active.

As part of the supply chain steps carried out before a component 32 is fitted to a machine 33, several pieces of data may be written to the memory of a tag 31 that has been or that is to be fitted to the component 32. This can be done in a manner where the tag 31 accepts the data/stores the data to its memory and remains dormant. Alternatively it can be done so that the tag 31 accepts/stores the data to its memory and is activated to start beaconing its unique ID so that it can be read by the readers 90, 101 , 121 of the various stations 97, 100, 120. This functionality is determined by software that is operating on the particular station 97, 100, 120 that is used to write data to the tag memory. It is also determined by the user security level of the person who is operating the station 120 to write the data to the memory of the tag 31.

The writing of data to the memory of a tag 31 that is to be/has been secured to a component 32 such as, for example, the tooth of an excavator/digger bucket, before the final fitting of the component 32 to the machine 33 would typically comprise the following steps:

1. As a first step, the vendor of the component 32 writing a unique ID number to the memory of the tag 31 to identify the component 32 with their internal product serial ID. This would assist in the tracking and quality control of the vendor's products. For example, if a component 32 has a casting defect and cracks or breaks, the vendor's product serial ID for the component 32 can be retrieved from the field to enable the vendor to check the casting batch date and material composition etc. of the component 32 from the factory database to assist with quality control. The product serial ID for the component 32 could be retrieved by interrogating the tag 31 of the component 32 with a reader.

2. The second step would be to use a reader to write a position index/location (e.g. position 1 , 2, 3, etc.) of the component 32 on the digger bucket to the memory of the component's tag 31.

3. The third step would be to use a reader station 120 to write the digger/machine ID of the digger/machine 33 to associate the component 32 with the digger/machine 33 it is to be fitted to.

This data area in the memory of the tag 31 is referred to as 'offline' data because it can be written to and retrieved from the tag 31 without the readers 90, 101 , 121 being connected to any database (e.g. database 136).

Activation of tags 31 is done using the reader 121 of a handheld/personal mobile tag reading station 120. Although there are other ways to achieve this, it is considered that this is the most logical and simple method of activating the tags 31.

Therefore, the process/procedure before fitting a component 32 to a digger/machine 33 involves steps 1-3 as just described, and then using the same software interface of the reader to activate the component's tag 31.

Where multiple components 32 are to be fitted, the tags 31 of the components 32 are dealt with individually when writing data to them and activating them. In other words, each tag 31 has data written to it and is activated in turn. This is to avoid the potential confusion and delays that could occur while waiting for the data updates to occur on a group of tags 31 if data was written to the tags 31 and if the tags 31 were activated as a group.

The handheld personal mobile tag reading station 120 can be used to locate a lost component 32 in a pit. Typically, components 32 are very difficult to distinguish from ore, and the reader software of the station 120 can use or employ visual and/or audible feedback to assist an operator/user to locate a lost/missing component 32.

Each reading station 97, 100, 120 may be operated in either an Online' mode or an 'offline' mode depending on whether or not a particular reading station includes a wireless transceiver, and whether the monitoring station 130 is present. In the online mode, tag data which is read by a reading station is transmitted by the reading station to the monitoring station 130 for processing. In the offline mode, tag data which is read by a reading station is processed locally by the reading station.

In summary, a method and apparatus for detecting and recovering lost GET components has been developed and disclosed herein. The method uses active radio frequency identification (RFID) sensor tags. The system embeds the tags in wear components and detects them using machine mounted, fixed, and handheld readers which are able to alert an operator if any component to which a tag is secured dislodges or breaks off from the GET. It also enables the missing component to be quickly tracked and located, even if the component is buried under ore.

The tags can be directly embedded into steel components making them suitable for continuous checking during the dig and load cycle of the machine on which the tags are mounted. Notification of any breakage is done within seconds of the loss, and a broken component can be located even if buried under the pit surface or in a truck loaded with ore.

The tags can be retrofitted to suit all teeth found in loaders, excavators and shovels, as well as other mining and earthmoving machines, and the on- machine reader is able to monitor the teeth in real-time for prompt fail safe alarming of lost components. Teeth on the ore surface can be read successfully over distances of 20 metres, and partly buried teeth can also be located with the hand held reader.

The housing of the tag includes a small cylinder or cup that is environmentally sealed, shock proof, and designed to fit into the tooth or other steel wear components of a working ground engaging tool (GET). The tag is able to work under the extreme temperature, shock, vibration and pressure conditions that mining GET are subjected to.

The tag is primarily for embedding in a tooth however it is also suitable for mounting on adapters, protective plates, bucket lips and rippers. The tag is suitable for most large components which can be cut or factory cast to accommodate the tags with no detrimental effect to the strength or performance of the parts. There is no limit to the maximum size of the wear components that the tag can be mounted on, so the tag can be secured to a large proportion of the wear components used in mining and quarrying globally.

The tag is able to provide total protection in the event of any problem. The life of the battery that is mounted in the housing of the tag and that powers the circuit of the tag is targeted for approximately 1 year. This is well beyond the life expectancy of most wear components and the time required for finding a lost component. A bucket tooth in normal operating conditions would wear out and be replaced within 12 weeks and more typically 1 to 4 weeks. Some components wear out in a matter of days, particularly with oil sands and hard metaliferous mining. The tag can be shipped to site in a sleep mode to give it an indefinite shelf life, and then woken up prior to installing on the machine.

RFID tag readers can be mounted on mobile machines, and at fixed points along haulage routes to the crusher as further points of detection.

A machine mounted reader for machines such as loaders, shovels and excavators includes a small environmentally rated electronics enclosure and two external antennas. It directly interfaces to an existing Wi-Fi link on the machine such as that used by Modular Mining or a similar mesh network to communicate data back to the server.

A fixed mounted reader system for haul roads and crushers consists of the same core hardware and interface as the machine readers. The enclosures are selected to suit the location. Power can be supplied to the fixed readers by solar or mains.

Rugged hand held readers are available for pit personnel to locate tagged components. These readers can assist individuals to locate components with audible and visual guidance.

The system is able to provide instant reporting of component loss/breakage back to the mine database via wireless communication.

The system can be used to eliminate premature tooth change out (to avoid breakages) thus increasing the working life of components.

GET manufacturer information such as cast date, alloy composition and hardness etc. can be stored on a tag to provide key performance indicator (KPI) data against component breakages.

The system can also provide email and/or SMS notification to supervisors of any breakage.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that variations and modifications to the invention described herein will be apparent without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. The variations and modifications as would be apparent to persons skilled in the art are deemed to fall within the broad scope and ambit of the invention as herein set forth.

Throughout the specification and claims, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or group of integers but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers.

Throughout the specification and claims, unless the context requires otherwise, the term "substantially" or "about" will be understood to not be limited to the value for the range qualified by the terms.

It will be clearly understood that, if a prior art publication is referred to herein, that reference does not constitute an admission that the publication forms part of the common general knowledge in the art in Australia or in any other country.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. A detection system for detecting the loss of a ground engaging tool component from a mining or earthmoving machine, the system comprising a radio frequency identification tag securable to the component, and one or more tag reading stations that each include a radio frequency identification tag reader for reading the tag.

2. The detection system defined by claim 1 , wherein the radio frequency tag is an active radio frequency identification tag.

3. The detection system defined by any one of the preceding claims, wherein the detection system also comprises a monitoring station, the monitoring station and at least one tag reading station including a wireless transceiver so that the monitoring station and the at least one tag reading station are able to communicate with each other, the monitoring station also including a server that is able to communicate with the wireless transceiver of the monitoring station, and the radio frequency identification tag reader of the at least one tag reading station is able to communicate with the wireless transceiver of that tag reading station.

4. The detection system defined by any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one tag reading station is a machine mounted tag reading station.

5. The detection system defined by claim 4, wherein the machine mounted tag reading station also includes a computer that is able to communicate with the radio frequency identification tag reader of the machine mounted tag reading station.

6. The detection system defined by any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one tag reading station is a fixed position tag reading station.

7. The detection system defined by claim 6, wherein the fixed position tag reading station also includes a computer that is able to communicate with the radio frequency identification tag reader of the fixed position tag reading station.

8. The detection system defined by any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one tag reading station is a personal mobile tag reading station.

9. A method for detecting the loss of a ground engaging tool component from a mining or earthmoving machine, the method comprising the steps of:

10. A detection system for detecting/recovering a lost ground engaging tool component of a mining or earthmoving machine, the system comprising a radio frequency identification tag securable to the component, and one or more tag reading stations that each include a radio frequency identification tag reader for reading the tag.

11. A method for detecting/recovering a lost ground engaging tool component of a mining or earthmoving machine, the method comprising the steps of:

12. A radio frequency identification tag for a ground engaging tool component of a mining or earthmoving machine, the tag comprising a protective housing, an electronic circuit contained in the housing.

13. The radio frequency identification tag defined by claim 12, wherein the tag is an active radio frequency identification tag.

14. The radio frequency identification tag defined by any one of claims 12 to 13, wherein the protective housing includes a cup.

15. The radio frequency identification tag defined by claim 14, wherein the protective housing also includes a lid for covering an opening in an end of the cup.

16. The radio frequency identification tag defined by claim 15, wherein the lid is inserted into the opening of the cup.

17. The radio frequency identification tag defined by claim 15, wherein the lid is screwed on to the cup.

18. The radio frequency identification tag defined by any one of claims 15 to

17, wherein an interface between the lid and the cup is sealed.

19. The radio frequency identification tag defined by any one of claims 12 to

18, wherein the protective housing is cylindrical.

20. The radio frequency identification tag defined by any one of claims 12 to

19, wherein the protective housing is made from a polymer.

21. The radio frequency identification tag defined by any one of claims 12 to

20, wherein the electronic circuit includes a circuit board, and an epoxy resin coating on the circuit board.

22. The radio frequency identification tag defined by any one of claims 12 to 21, wherein the radio frequency identification tag also comprises a protective insert for protecting the circuit within the housing.

23. The radio frequency identification tag defined by any one of claims 12 to

21, wherein the radio frequency identification tag also comprises a boot that covers the circuit.

24. A ground engaging tool assembly comprising a ground engaging tool component, and a radio frequency identification tag secured to the component.

25. The ground engaging tool assembly defined by claim 24, wherein the component includes a recess and the tag is inserted into the recess.

26. The ground engaging tool assembly defined by any one of claims 24 to 25, wherein the tag is secured to the component with an adhesive.

27. A method for securing a radio frequency identification tag to a ground engaging tool component of a mining or earthmoving machine, the method comprising the steps of:

inserting the tag into a recess in the component; and

securing the tag to the component.

28. The method defined by claim 27, wherein the method also includes the step of creating the recess in the component.

29. The method defined by any one of claims 27 to 28, wherein the tag is inserted into the recess such that the tag does not protrude from the recess.

30. The method defined by any one of claims 27 to 29, wherein the step of securing the tag includes adhering the tag to the component with an adhesive.

31. A detection system for detecting the loss of a ground engaging tool component from a mining or earthmoving machine, the system being substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the drawings.

32. A method for detecting the loss of a ground engaging tool component from a mining or earthmoving machine, the method being substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the drawings.

33. A detection system for detecting/recovering a lost ground engaging tool component of a mining or earthmoving machine, the system being substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the drawings.

34. A method for detecting/recovering a lost ground engaging tool component of a mining or earthmoving machine, the method being substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the drawings.

35. A radio frequency identification tag for a ground engaging tool component of a mining or earthmoving machine, the tag being substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the drawings.

36. A ground engaging tool assembly substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the drawings.

37. A method for securing a radio frequency identification tag to a ground engaging tool component of a mining or earthmoving machine, the method being substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the drawings.