WO2012158722A2

WO2012158722A2 - Surgical instrument guide

Info

Publication number: WO2012158722A2
Application number: PCT/US2012/038005
Authority: WO
Inventors: Kim Manwaring; Mark Stringham; Mark Shafer
Original assignee: Mcnally, David, J.
Priority date: 2011-05-16
Filing date: 2012-05-15
Publication date: 2012-11-22
Also published as: WO2012158722A3; US8858544B2; US20130006240A1

Abstract

A surgical instrument guide for facilitating treatment of a target tissue is provided. The surgical instrument guide may be placed between two groups of tissue such that a first group of tissue is cut and a second group of tissue is protected from being cut. The surgical instrument guide may lift tissue and slide tissue along a surface so that a target tissue may be cut to a desired depth more easily during a surgical procedure. The surgical instrument guide may be releasably attachable to a surgical instrument or integrally formed therewith.

Description

SURGICAL INSTRUMENT GUIDE

THE FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to surgical instrument guides. More specifically, the present invention relates to guides for use with surgical instruments to facilitate cutting of certain tissue while protecting other tissues from being cut.

BACKGROUND

In surgery, a surgeon cuts into tissue at defined locations to access underlying structures or to perform some desirable restructuring of the tissue being cut. Damage to tissues outside of the defined location is usually undesirable. In some cases, a surgeon may wish to prevent damage to tissues underneath a tissue to be cut. Thus, a surgeon may need to carefully examine the depth of the cut while monitoring the length of cut and other variables - such as heat transfer to surrounding tissue, blood loss in the tissue, etc. This monitoring of multiple variables may cause the surgeon to take a slower approach to cutting through tissue or may cause a momentary distraction which results in tissue damage beyond that desired by the surgeon.

In some cases, a surgeon may use multiple tools to separate a tissue to be cut and other tissue(s) he or she wishes to avoid cutting. The use of multiple tools may demand the surgeon's otherwise free hand or require the surgeon to switch back and forth between instruments. In fact, in electrosurgical applications, a surgeon may use an instrument to separate or retract tissue with one hand, use the other hand to operate a cutting instrument and control the power output with a foot pedal to avoid having to let go of either the cutting instrument or the separating/retracting instrument. Thus, a surgeon may have to concentrate on simultaneously using at least three of his or her appendages during an operation.

Thus, there is a need for an improved device and method for reducing the number of variables that require the surgeon's attention such that the speed of surgery may be increased and/or the risk to the patient may be decreased. Additionally, it is desirable that the improved device and method reduce collateral tissue damage outside of a defined surgical location.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved to surgical instrument guide.

According to one aspect of the invention, a surgical instrument guide may be placed between two groups of tissue such that a first group of tissue is cut and a second group of tissue is protected from being cut.

According to another aspect of the invention, a surgical instrument guide may lift tissue and slide tissue along a surface such that the tissue stretches and a straight cut may be made more easily during a surgical procedure. As the cutting blade or surgical element may be recessed within the guide, the guide may lift and direct a cut such that cutting does not release an adjacent portion of tissue that may be cut.

According to another aspect of the invention, the surgical instrument guide may be attached to existing surgical instruments either permanently, or may be attached and removed whenever desired. These and other aspects of the present invention are realized in a surgical instrument guide as shown and described in the following figures and related description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various embodiments of the present invention are shown and described in reference to the numbered drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of the working end of a surgical tool with a surgical instrument guide attached thereto;

FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the surgical tool of FIG. 1 cutting through tissue with the surgical instrument guide attached;

FIG. 2A shows a side view of the surgical tool of FIG. 1 and the surgical instrument guide cutting through a top layer of tissue while preventing the cutting of a lower layer of tissue.

FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a surgical instrument guide according to principles of the present invention;

FIG. 4 shows a front view of a surgical instrument guide;

FIG. 5 shows a rear view of a surgical instrument guide;

FIG. 6 shows a side view of a surgical instrument guide;

FIG. 7 shows a top view of a surgical instrument guide;

FIG. 8 shows a bottom view of a surgical instrument guide;

FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of a surgical instrument having an integral surgical instrument guide;

FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of a snap-on surgical instrument guide; FIG. 10A shows a fragmented, perspective view of a surgical instrument and a surgical instrument guide according to principles of the present invention; FIG. 11 shows a side view of an upward ramp surgical instrument guide generally positioned perpendicular to the surgical instrument;

FIG. 12 shows a side view of a downward ramp surgical instrument guide generally positioned perpendicular to the surgical instrument; and

FIG. 13 shows an inline ramp surgical instrument guide.

It will be appreciated that the drawings are illustrative and not limiting of the scope of the invention which is defined by the appended claims. The embodiments shown accomplish various aspects and objects of the invention. It is appreciated that it is not possible to clearly show each element and aspect of the invention in a single figure, and as such, multiple figures are presented to separately illustrate the various details of the invention in greater clarity. Similarly, not every embodiment need accomplish all advantages of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The invention and accompanying drawings will now be discussed in reference to the numerals provided therein so as to enable one skilled in the art to practice the present invention. The drawings and descriptions are exemplary of various aspects of the invention and are not intended to narrow the scope of the appended claims.

Turning now to FIG. 1 , there is shown a perspective view of the working end of a surgical instrument 10 engaged with a surgical instrument guide 20 according to principles of the present invention. The working end of the surgical instrument 10 may engage the surgical instrument guide 20 to aid in surgery. The surgical instrument guide 20 may aid the surgeon in treating a target tissue while substantially preventing undesired damage in other tissue adjacent the target tissue. For example, the surgical instrument guide 20 may facilitate cutting of the target tissue while substantially preventing cutting of tissue adjacent the target tissue. It will be appreciated that the term "tissue" as used herein may refer to a single tissue type, a single tissue layer, multiple tissue types, multiple tissue layers, and/or other material on which a surgical instrument may be used.

In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a surgical instrument guide may cause a target tissue to be spaced apart from a tissue adjacent the target tissue prior to and/or during treatment of the target tissue by a surgical instrument. For example, the surgical instrument guide 20 may lift up and direct a target tissue toward an active element 50 of the surgical instrument 10. By lifting and directing the target tissue, a degree of separation and/or barrier may be made between the target tissue being cut and other tissue thus substantially preventing damage to the other tissue by the active element 50. The active element 50 may use thermal energy to treat tissue. For example, the active element 50 may include a ferromagnetic coated conductor to treat tissue such as thermally adjustable ferromagnetic conductors disclosed in U.S. Publication Nos. 2010-0268207, 2010-0268214, 2010-0268208, 2010-0268209, 2010- 0268215, 2010-0268205, 2010-0268210, 2010-0268212, 2010-0268213, 2010- 0268211, 2010-0268216, 2010-0268206, all of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference.

The guide 20 may engage the surgical instrument 10 such that a sufficient transfer of thermal energy from the active element 50 to the guide 20 in order to heat the guide is substantially prevented. Under these circumstances, the likelihood of thermal damage to any tissue contacted by the guide 20 is decreased or even eliminated. Thus, the guide 20 may aid a user to direct the active element 50 of the surgical tool to only specific tissue.

The working end of the surgical tool 10 may include a body 30, a tip 40 and an active element 50. The active element 50 may be a conventional cutting blade or an electrosurgical cutting element. The surgical instrument guide 20 may include a coupling member, such as a collar 60, an arm 70 which extends away from the surgical instrument 10 and a tissue shield 80 formed as a foot or other extension for protecting tissue other than the target tissue from being cut, etc. The surgical instrument guide 20 may be attached to the surgical instrument 10 by connecting the coupling member 60 to the body 30, for example, by slidably engaging the coupling member 60 with the body 30. The arm 70 may extend past the tip 40 such that tissue shield 80 is positioned a short distance beyond the active element 50. The tissue shield 80 has a top surface 100 and a bottom surface, and may include a channel, groove or depression 90 that allows the active element 50 to extend beyond the top surface 100 (but preferably not below the bottom surface) of the tissue shield 80 without contacting the tissue shield 80. Thus, the active element 50 may be said to intersect a plane extending along the top surface 100 of the tissue shield 80.

According to one aspect of the invention, the guide 20 is connected to the surgical instrument 10 such that the active element 50 extends into the channel 90. Thus, the active element 50 may engage tissue that is positioned across the top surface 100 of the tissue shield 80 (e.g. the target tissue) and cut completely through the target tissue while the tissue shield 80 prevents the active element 50 from contacting tissue(s) along the bottom surface of the tissue shield 80.

A chamfer, incline or wedge, etc. 1 10 may be used to engage a target tissue and aid in lifting the target tissue away from other tissue(s) prior to treating the target tissue using the active element 50. As the wedge 1 10 slides along the tissue, it lifts the target tissue away from lower tissues and stretches it slightly over and across the top surface 100 of the tissue shield 80 and channel 90. This facilitates cutting the tissue cleanly. Tissue that is not pulled to the top of the tissue shield 80 may be pushed under the tissue shield 80. Thus, the tissue shield 80 may act as a barrier to prevent damage to any tissue under the tissue shield 80 caused by the active element 50.

It should be recognized that while the tools may be discussed in a surgical sense, such as surgical instrument 10, the system may have applicability in other areas, such as the cutting of meat or other membranes. For ease of understanding, however, the system may be described in a surgical context.

Turning now to FIG. 2, a perspective view of a surgical instrument 10 with guide 20 cutting through tissue 120 is shown. When the surgical instrument 10 is moved in a forward direction, the wedge 110 (FIG. 1) of the tissue shield 80 lifts the tissue 120 up and away from structures beneath the tissue 120 and slides along the tissue 120 as the active element 50 is advanced. As the active element 50 may cut the tissue 120, the cut portions of the tissue slide by the arm 70 which may be beveled or otherwise contoured depending on the application. Thus, the guide 20 may ensure that the cut along tissue 120 is made at a desired depth allowing the user to focus on the direction of the cut. Therefore, the tissue guide 20 may allow the user to perform a quicker cut with less risk of unintended damage.

Turning now to FIG. 2A, there is shown a side view of a the working end of a surgical instrument 10 as shown in FIGs. 1 and 2 as the guide 10 is moved through a first layer of tissue 124 above a second layer of tissue 128. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that there are numerous situations in which a surgeon desires to cut one layer of tissue and not another. For example, the spinal cord is wrapped in a membrane called the Dura Mater. A surgeon may need to access the spinal cord, but does not desire to cut into the spinal cord. To open the Dura Mater, the physician need only make a very small incision in the membrane and then slide the tissue shield 80 through the incision so that the tissue shield is disposed between the spinal cord and the Dura Mater. Once this is accomplished, the surgeon can cut along the Dura Mater without fear that he or she is also cutting into the spinal cord. There are numerous similar structures in the body where it is desirable for one layer of tissue to be cut without cutting an adjacent layer of tissue. The guide 20 both protects the underlying tissue 128 and lifts and helps separate the upper tissue 124 during cutting, thereby simplifying the procedure for the surgeon.

Turning now to FIGs. 3 to 8 generally, different perspectives of a surgical tool guide 20 are shown. FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the surgical guide 20. It will be appreciated that the guide 20 may be independent from the surgical instrument 10 with which the guide 20 is used. The guide 20 may be snap fit, have a threaded engagement or otherwise attach to the surgical instrument 10. Thus, in some embodiments, the guide 20 may be used only when desired and then removed so as to not interfere with the surgeon's use of the surgical instrument 10 during the remainder of the procedure.

As shown in FIG. 3, the lower portion of tissue shield 80 of the guide is disposed generally perpendicular to the arm 70. It will be appreciated that a variety of angles may be desirable for use in different medical procedures and the view in FIG. 3 should be deemed to be only exemplary of the principles of the present invention.

FIG. 4 shows a front view of a surgical tool guide shown in FIGs. 1-3. FIG. 4 provides a clearer view of the groove or channel 90 into which the cutting or active element (not shown) may extend so as to clearly cut through tissue passing up the incline or wedge 110 and over the top surface 100 of the tissue shield 80.

FIG. 5 shows a rear view of a surgical instrument guide 20. While the arm 70 is shown as being fairly broad, it will be appreciated that the arm 70 can be thin and may be tapered or have a beveled edge to facilitate spreading apart of target tissue or tissues which are cut.

FIG. 6 shows a side view of the surgical instrument guide. FIG. 6 provides a better view of the incline or wedge 110 at the front of the tissue shield 80 that helps lift the target tissue over the channel 90 to facilitate cutting of the target tissue.

FIGs. 7 and 8 show a top view and bottom view, respectively, of the surgical instrument guide 20 shown in FIGs. 1-6. The top view looks through an opening in the coupling member 60 through which a portion of a surgical instrument may extend, such as the working end of a scalpel or electrosurgical element. The coupling member 60 may include a variety of attachment mechanisms for holding the guide 20 in place, such as depressions or projections which interact with the tool, a snap fit, etc. FIG. 7 also shows a top view of portions of the tissue shield 80, including the depression or channel 90 and the incline or wedge 110 which lifts the target tissue onto the top surface 100 of the tissue shield 80 for cutting.

FIGs. 1-8 show various parts of the surgical tool guide 20. For example, a surgical tool guide 20 according to principles of the present invention may include a coupling member 60 (such as a collar), an arm 70 and a tissue shield 80. The tissue shield 80 may contain a channel or depression 90, a top surface 100 and a wedge 110. It will be appreciated that the embodiment shown in FIGs. 1-8 is intended to be exemplary only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the principles of the present invention.

FIGs. 9 and 10, show different mechanisms of connecting the guide 20 to a surgical instrument 10. The guide 20 may be attached or coupled to the surgical tool 10 in multiple ways. In FIG. 9, the guide 20 is integrally formed with the surgical instrument body 30 and thus remains with the surgical instrument throughout use. The arm 70, integrally formed with the surgical tool body 30, extends down to the tissue shield 80. Thus, the entire device body, including the guide 20, may be formed as one piece.

In FIG. 10, the guide 20 includes a snap-on collar 130. According to one aspect of the invention, the snap-on collar 130 may be held on by elastic force.

According to another aspect of the invention, a collar joint 140 includes a protrusion 144 from a first collar section 150A that slides into a channel 154 of a second collar section 150B. The engagement between the protrusion 144 and the channel 154 may lock and thus become essentially permanent, or may be releasable.

While the figures show a channel or depression 90, it should be recognized that other configurations are possible. For example, the tissue shield 80 may be constructed without a channel 90 and the active element 50 may extend so as to be substantially adjacent the top surface 100 of the top surface 100 of the tissue shield 80. According to another aspect of the invention, the active element 50 may extend into the tissue shield 80 as shown in FIG. 10A.

Turning now to FIGs. 11 to 13, variations of the tissue shield 80 of the guide 20 are discussed. More specifically, the tissue shield 80 and wedge 110 may be altered according to the surgical need. Thus, the angle at which the tissue shield 80 is disposed relative to a surgical instrument 10 may vary and the wedge 110 may be altered to match the desired use and/or positioning of the surgical instrument guide 20.

In FIG. 11 , a side view of an alternate configuration of a surgical instrument guide 20a is shown. As shown, the surgical instrument 10a may be held at about a right angle relative to the target tissue to be cut. The guide 20a includes a tissue shield 80a which may extend at about a 90 degree angle relative to the surgical instrument 10a and/or arm 70a for spacing the tissue shield from the surgical instrument. The incline or wedge 110a may have an upper surface 100a with an upward slope. The upward slope causes the target tissue to be lifted along the upper surface 110a of the tissue shield 80a where it contacts the active element 50. The active element 50 may extend into the tissue shield 80a, rather than extending into a depression therein.

Turning now to FIG. 12, a side view of surgical instrument 10b and surgical instrument guide 20b. Rather than an upward incline similar to 110 and 110a in the figures discussed above, the guide 20b includes a downward incline along the tissue shield 80b when the surgical instrument 10b is held vertically. The downward incline 110b allows the tissue shield 80b to function as a hook. The leading edge 80b' can be placed under a target tissue to be cut and the surgical instrument 10b drawn through the target tissue. The hook-like tissue shield 80b lifts the tissue to be cut into contact with the active element 50b, to thereby assist in cutting the target tissue. It also helps prevent tissue(s), other than the target tissue, from contacting the active element 50b.

Turning now to FIG. 13, an inline ramp surgical instrument guide 20c is shown. As can be seen, the guide 20c may allow the surgical tool 10c to be held behind the desired direction of cutting, with the action of pushing the active element 50c along the desired direction of the cut. The wedge or incline 110c at the front of the tissue shield 80c is placed underneath the target tissue and pushed along the direction of the cut. The tissue shield 80c may extend substantially parallel or in-line with the surgical instrument 10c and/or from an arm 70. The wedge 110c may have a surface 100c having an upward slope toward the active element 50c. The upward slope causes the tissue to be lifted along the top surface 100c of the tissue shield 80c to the active element 50c. It will be appreciated that the present invention may include multiple different embodiments and applications. For example, a system for treating tissue may include: a surgical instrument having an active element shaped for treating tissue; and a guide configured for extending from the surgical instrument, the guide including a tissue shield having an inclined surface disposed thereon and the tissue shield being disposed adjacent the active element so the inclined surface lifts target tissue into contact with the active element while separating the target tissue from one or more adjacent physiologic structures; and wherein the tissue shield substantially prevents contact of the active element with the one or more adjacent physiologic structures. The system may also include: the tissue shield having a depression formed therein and the active element extending into the depression; the tissue shield having a planar surface and the active elements intersecting the planar surface; the active element extending into the tissue shield; the guide having a coupling member being attached to the surgical instrument using the coupling member; the guide having a coupling member with the coupling member forms a snap-fit connection with the surgical instrument; the guide being integrally formed with the surgical instrument; the guide being removably attachable to the surgical instrument; and/or the active element being a ferromagnetic coated conductor, or combinations thereof.

In accordance with the invention, a guide may include a coupling member; an arm having a first end and a second end, the first end of the arm being attached to the coupling member and the second end of the arm extending away from the coupling member; and a shield attached to the second end of the arm. The guide may also include the shield having a top surface having a channel formed therein; a wedge disposed on the shield for engaging and lifting a material; arm having a beveled edge; the shield being disposed substantially perpendicular with the arm; the shield being disposed substantially parallel with the arm; and/or coupling member being a collar, or combinations thereof.

In accordance with the invention, a method of cutting tissue may include: selecting a surgical instrument having an active element; attaching a guide to the surgical instrument such that the guide extends from the surgical instrument adjacent the active element, the guide having a tissue shield with a cutting surface; engaging a target tissue with the tissue shield; and advancing the guide so that tissue slides along the cutting surface of the tissue shield and into contact with the active element to cut the target tissue and substantially prevent the active element from damaging physiologic structures adjacent the target tissue. They method may also include the shield having an inclined surface for engaging the target tissue, and the method further comprising the step of positioning the inclined surface of the tissue shield between the target tissue and a second tissue and moving the guide such that the inclined surface of the tissue shield separates the target tissue from the second tissue prior to the active element cutting the target tissue. The method may also include the cutting surface of the tissue shield having a depression and the guide being attached to the surgical instruments so that the active element extends into the depression and below at least a portion of the cutting surface of the tissue shield. The method may also include the active element being a thermal element, and attaching the guide to the surgical instrument such that transfer of thermal energy from the thermal element to the guide is substantially prevented. The method may also include the active element being a thermally adjustable ferromagnetic coated conductor, and attaching the guide to the surgical instrument such that transfer of thermal energy from the thermally adjustable ferromagnetic coated conductor to the guide is substantially prevented. There is thus disclosed a surgical instrument guide. The guide assists a surgeon in cutting through a first layer of tissue, a membrane, etc., while protecting tissue or other physiological structures below or adjacent the target material from being cut. Thus, it will be understood that the term tissue shield may also refer to protecting structures other than tissue. It will be appreciated that numerous changes may be made to the present invention without departing from the scope of the claims.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. A system for treating tissue comprising:

a surgical instrument comprising an active element shaped for treating tissue; and

a guide configured for extending from the surgical instrument, the guide including a tissue shield having an inclined surface disposed thereon;

wherein the tissue shield is disposed adjacent the active element and the inclined surface lifts target tissue into contact with the active element while separating the target tissue from one or more adjacent physiologic structures;

wherein the tissue shield substantially prevents contact of the active element with the one or more adjacent physiologic structures.

2. The system for treating tissue of claim 1, wherein the tissue shield has a depression formed therein and wherein the active element extends into the depression.

3. The system for treating tissue of claim 1, wherein the tissue shield comprises a planar surface, and wherein the active elements intersects the planar surface.

4. The system for treating tissue of claim 1, wherein the active element extends into the tissue shield.

5. The system for treating tissue of claim 1, wherein the guide comprises a coupling member and wherein the guide is slidably attached to the surgical instrument using the coupling member.

6. The system for treating tissue of claim 1 , wherein the guide comprises a coupling member and wherein the coupling member forms a snap-fit connection with the surgical instrument.

7. The system for treating tissue of claim 1, wherein the guide is integrally formed with the surgical instrument.

8. The system for treating tissue of claim 1, wherein the guide is removably attachable to the surgical instrument.

9. The system for treating tissue of claim 1, wherein the active element is a ferromagnetic coated conductor.

10. A guide comprising:

a coupling member; an arm having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the arm is attached to the coupling member and the second end of the arm extends away from the coupling member; and a shield attached to the second end of the arm.

11. The guide of claim 10, wherein the shield has a top surface having a channel formed therein.

12. The guide of claim 10, further comprising a wedge disposed on the shield for engaging and lifting a material.

13. The guide of claim 10, wherein the arm includes a beveled edge.

14. The guide of claim 10, wherein the shield is disposed substantially perpendicular with the arm.

15. The guide of claim 10, wherein the shield is disposed substantially parallel with the arm.

16. The guide of claim 10, wherein the coupling member is a collar.

17. A method of cutting tissue, the method comprising:

selecting a surgical instrument having an active element; attaching a guide to the surgical instrument such that the guide extends from the surgical instrument adjacent the active element, the guide having a tissue shield with a cutting surface; engaging a target tissue with the tissue shield; and advancing the guide so that tissue slides along the cutting surface of the tissue shield and into contact with the active element to cut the target tissue and substantially prevent the active element from damaging physiologic structures adjacent the target tissue.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the tissue shield includes an inclined surface for engaging the target tissue, and the method further comprises the step of positioning the inclined surface of the tissue shield between the target tissue and a second tissue and moving the guide such that the inclined surface of the tissue shield separates the target tissue from the second tissue prior to the active element cutting the target tissue.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein the cutting surface of the tissue shield comprises a depression and wherein the guide is attached to the surgical instruments so that the active element extends into the depression and below at least a portion of the cutting surface of the tissue shield.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein the active element is a thermal element, and wherein the method further comprises attaching the guide to the surgical instrument such that transfer of thermal energy from the thermal element to the guide is substantially prevented.

21. The method of claim 17, wherein the active element is a thermally adjustable ferromagnetic coated conductor, and wherein the method further comprises attaching the guide to the surgical instrument such that transfer of thermal energy from the thermally adjustable ferromagnetic coated conductor to the guide is substantially prevented.