WO2013037790A1 - Electrical energy accumulator - Google Patents

Electrical energy accumulator Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013037790A1
WO2013037790A1 PCT/EP2012/067760 EP2012067760W WO2013037790A1 WO 2013037790 A1 WO2013037790 A1 WO 2013037790A1 EP 2012067760 W EP2012067760 W EP 2012067760W WO 2013037790 A1 WO2013037790 A1 WO 2013037790A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coated
water
repellent layer
battery
battery module
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/067760
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Kurt Klammler
Johannes Rieger
Reinhard Glanz
Martin Michelitsch
Michael KÖRÖSI
Harald Stuetz
Edward Yankoski
Mauro AIOLFI
Original Assignee
Avl List Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Avl List Gmbh filed Critical Avl List Gmbh
Publication of WO2013037790A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013037790A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/231—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by the material
    • H01M50/117—Inorganic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by the material
    • H01M50/121—Organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by the material
    • H01M50/122—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/131—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas-permeability or size
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/222—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/224—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/227—Organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/229—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical energy store for an electric vehicle, which has a plurality of electrically interconnected battery modules, wherein each battery module has a plurality of electrically interconnected flat, substantially plate-shaped battery cells, which are arranged in at least one stack next to each other. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing an electrical energy storage device for an electric vehicle, which energy storage comprises a plurality of battery modules, which are electrically connected to each other, each battery module having a plurality of preferably flat, substantially plate-shaped battery cells, which arranged battery lines in at least one stack next to each other and electrically connected to each other.
  • a battery with a plurality of flat, substantially plate-shaped single battery cells is known.
  • the battery cells are stacked into a cell stack and surrounded by a battery case.
  • the battery single cells are formed in frame flat construction with metallic sheets and a frame made of insulating material.
  • WO 2008/048751 A2 Also known from WO 2008/048751 A2 is a battery module with a multiplicity of plate-shaped battery cells arranged side by side in a stack, which are accommodated in a housing.
  • WO 2010/053689 A2 describes a battery arrangement with a housing and a plurality of lithium-ion cells, which are arranged next to one another.
  • the housing is flowed through for cooling with a thermally conductive, electrically insulating fluid.
  • the object of the invention is to extend the life of batteries and battery modules.
  • At least one preferably safety-relevant component and / or region of the battery module is coated with a water-repellent layer.
  • At least one battery cell can be coated with the water-repellent layer.
  • metal parts that are subjected to frequent temperature fluctuations such as contact points, frames and / or mounts, can be coated with a water-repellent layer.
  • Electronic components can also be coated with a water-repellent layer.
  • a busbar cooling device and cooling channels may be coated with a water-repellent layer. It when the entire battery module and / or the entire energy storage is covered with a water-repellent layer is particularly advantageous.
  • the coating material used may be a material matrix of SiO 2 or TiO 2 nanoparticles or nanosheets. It is preferably provided that the material matrix comprises hydrophobic polymers, particularly preferably wax, polyethylene and / or polypropylene hydrophobic polymers, particularly preferably wax, polyethylene and / or polypropylene. Furthermore, nanoparticles of metal oxides, such as Al 2 O 3 , FeO and / or TiO 2 , can be used as pigments.
  • the water-repellent layer may be applied by a sol-gel dipping method or by a wet-powder spraying method, or by a vapor deposition method.
  • layer thicknesses below 2 ⁇ m are achieved.
  • layer thicknesses between 5 ⁇ m and approximately 150 ⁇ m are possible.
  • the surfaces of the components should be free of particulate contaminants, such as dust, etc., to ensure good adhesion of the hydrophobic coating. This can be done for example by brief heating (tempering of the surface) of the components, whereby a thin oxide layer is formed.
  • the condensate resulting from temperature and / or pressure differences bubbles on the surface of the battery or of the battery module and can be collected in a targeted manner in a collecting container, which can be emptied if necessary.
  • the water-repellent protective layer provides reliable protection for the battery module itself and for the environment (electric shocks etc.).
  • FIGS. Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show a battery module of an energy store according to the invention in an oblique view.
  • the energy accumulator 1 formed by a rechargeable battery has a plurality of battery modules 2 arranged next to one another.
  • Each battery module 2 has inside a not further apparent stack of juxtaposed plate-shaped battery cells, which are pressed together by pressure plates 3 screwed together.
  • Reference numeral 4 the screw for the printing plates 3 is designated.
  • the battery cells connecting busbars are arranged, wherein for cooling a busbar cooling device 6 is provided, which communicates via cooling channels 7 with coolant collector or distributor 7a, 7b.
  • the cooling is preferably carried out by a liquid cooling medium.
  • the entire battery module 2 is coated.
  • individual safety-relevant components such as battery cells, especially contact points; electronic components; Metal parts that are frequently exposed to temperature fluctuations, such as frames, brackets or the like; the busbar cooling device 6 and cooling channels 7, 7a, 7b and / or the entire electronics (unless it is separately protected / isolated) are coated.
  • the entire energy storage device 1 receives a hydrophobic coating, for example by a sol-gel dipping method or by a wet powder spraying method.
  • the layer thicknesses are less than 2 ⁇ m.
  • wet powder spraying layer thicknesses up to 5 ⁇ are possible.
  • Layer thicknesses up to about 150 ⁇ can be achieved by multi-layer processes.
  • wet powder spraying methods suitable for local coatings it is also possible to use a parylene vapor deposition method.
  • the water-repellent layer may have, for example, a matrix comprising SiO 2 or TiO 2 nanoparticles.
  • nanosheets of hydrophobic polymers wax, polyethylene, polypropylene and nanoparticles as pigments, such as metal oxides Al 2 O 3 , FeO, TiO 2 .
  • module receptacles 8 engaging in the region of the screw connection of the battery module 2 are shown, via which the battery module 2 is held during the coating process. After coating, the module holders 8 are removed again, as shown in FIG. 2 is indicated.

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrical energy accumulator (1) for an electric vehicle, said accumulator having multiple electrically connected battery modules (2), each module (2) having a plurality of electrically connected, preferably planar and substantially plate-shaped battery cells arranged next to one another in at least one stack. To increase the service life of the electrical energy accumulator, at least one component that is preferably safety-related and/or one region of the battery module (2) is coated with a water-resistant coating.

Description

Elektrischer Energiespeicher  Electric energy storage
Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektrischen Energiespeicher für ein Elektrofahrzeug, welcher mehrere elektrisch miteinander verbundene Batteriemodule aufweist, wobei jedes Batteriemodul eine Vielzahl an elektrisch miteinander verbundenen flachen, im Wesentlichen plattenförmigen Batteriezellen aufweist, welche in zumindest einem Stapel nebeneinander angeordnet sind. Weiters betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Energiespeichers für ein Elektrofahrzeug, welcher Energiespeicher mehrere Batteriemodule aufweist, die miteinander elektrisch verbunden werden, wobei jedes Batteriemodul eine Vielzahl an vorzugsweise flachen, im Wesentlichen plattenförmigen Batteriezellen aufweist, welche Batteriezeilen in zumindest einem Stapel nebeneinander angeordnet und miteinander elektrisch verbunden werden. The invention relates to an electrical energy store for an electric vehicle, which has a plurality of electrically interconnected battery modules, wherein each battery module has a plurality of electrically interconnected flat, substantially plate-shaped battery cells, which are arranged in at least one stack next to each other. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing an electrical energy storage device for an electric vehicle, which energy storage comprises a plurality of battery modules, which are electrically connected to each other, each battery module having a plurality of preferably flat, substantially plate-shaped battery cells, which arranged battery lines in at least one stack next to each other and electrically connected to each other.
Aus der DE 10 2009 035 463 AI ist eine Batterie mit einer Vielzahl von flachen, im Wesentlichen plattenförmigen Batterieeinzelzellen bekannt. Die Batterieeinzelzellen sind zu einem Zellenstapel gestapelt und mit einem Batteriegehäuse umgeben. Die Batterieeinzelzellen sind dabei in Rahmenflachbauweise mit metallischen Blechen und einem Rahmen aus isolierenden Material ausgebildet. From DE 10 2009 035 463 Al a battery with a plurality of flat, substantially plate-shaped single battery cells is known. The battery cells are stacked into a cell stack and surrounded by a battery case. The battery single cells are formed in frame flat construction with metallic sheets and a frame made of insulating material.
Auch aus der WO 2008/048751 A2 ist ein Batteriemodul mit einer Vielzahl an nebeneinander in einem Stapel angeordneten plattenförmigen Batteriezellen bekannt, welche in einem Gehäuse untergebracht sind . Also known from WO 2008/048751 A2 is a battery module with a multiplicity of plate-shaped battery cells arranged side by side in a stack, which are accommodated in a housing.
Die WO 2010/053689 A2 beschreibt eine Batterieanordnung mit einem Gehäuse und einer Mehrzahl von Lithium-Ionen-Zellen, welche nebeneinander angeordnet sind. Das Gehäuse ist zur Kühlung mit einem thermisch leitenden, elektrisch isolierenden Fluid durchströmt. WO 2010/053689 A2 describes a battery arrangement with a housing and a plurality of lithium-ion cells, which are arranged next to one another. The housing is flowed through for cooling with a thermally conductive, electrically insulating fluid.
Bereits durch geringe Temperaturschwankungen im Batteriemodul kann sich auf den Oberflächen der Bauteile (Metall oder Kunststoff) Wasserdampf bilden. Diese Kondenswasserbildung im Inneren des Batteriemoduls wirkt sich durch elektrochemische Korrosion nachteilig auf die Lebensdauer der Batterie und des Batteriemoduls aus. Even small temperature fluctuations in the battery module can form water vapor on the surfaces of the components (metal or plastic). This condensation in the interior of the battery module adversely affects the life of the battery and the battery module by electrochemical corrosion.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die Lebensdauer von Batterien und von Batteriemodulen zu Verlängern. The object of the invention is to extend the life of batteries and battery modules.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dadurch erreicht, dass zumindest ein vorzugsweise sicherheitsrelevanter Bauteil und/oder Bereich des Batteriemoduls mit einer wasserabweisenden Schicht überzogen ist. Mit der wasserabweisenden Schicht kann zumindest eine Batteriezelle überzogen werden. Weiters können Metallteile, welche häufigen Temperaturschwankungen unterzogen sind, wie Kontaktstellen, Rahmen und/oder Halterungen, mit einer wasserabweisenden Schicht überzogen werden. Elektronische Bauteile können ebenfalls mit einer wasserabweisenden Schicht überzogen sein. Weiters kann eine Busbar-Kühleinrichtung und Kühlkanäle mit einer wasserabweisenden Schicht überzogen sein. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn der gesamte Batteriemodul und/oder der gesamte Energiespeicher mit einer wasserabweisenden Schicht überzogen ist. According to the invention, it is achieved that at least one preferably safety-relevant component and / or region of the battery module is coated with a water-repellent layer. At least one battery cell can be coated with the water-repellent layer. Furthermore, metal parts that are subjected to frequent temperature fluctuations, such as contact points, frames and / or mounts, can be coated with a water-repellent layer. Electronic components can also be coated with a water-repellent layer. Furthermore, a busbar cooling device and cooling channels may be coated with a water-repellent layer. It when the entire battery module and / or the entire energy storage is covered with a water-repellent layer is particularly advantageous.
Als Beschichtungsmaterial kann eine Material-Matrix aus Si02- oder Ti02-Nano- partikel oder -Nanoschichten eingesetzt werden. Vorzugsweise ist vorgesehen, dass die Material-Matrix hydrophobe Polymere, besonders vorzugsweise Wachs, Polyethylen und/oder Polypropylen hydrophobe Polymere, besonders vorzugsweise Wachs, Polyethylen und/oder Polypropylen aufweist. Weiters können Na- noteilchen aus Metalloxide, wie Al203, FeO und/oder Ti02, als Pigmente eingesetzt werden. The coating material used may be a material matrix of SiO 2 or TiO 2 nanoparticles or nanosheets. It is preferably provided that the material matrix comprises hydrophobic polymers, particularly preferably wax, polyethylene and / or polypropylene hydrophobic polymers, particularly preferably wax, polyethylene and / or polypropylene. Furthermore, nanoparticles of metal oxides, such as Al 2 O 3 , FeO and / or TiO 2 , can be used as pigments.
Die wasserabweisende Schicht kann in einem Sol-Gel-Tauchverfahren oder in einem Nasspulver-Spritzverfahren, oder in einem Dampfabscheideverfahren aufgebracht werden. The water-repellent layer may be applied by a sol-gel dipping method or by a wet-powder spraying method, or by a vapor deposition method.
Beim Sol-Gel-Tauch-Verfahren werden Schichtdicken unter 2 μηη erreicht. Beim Nasspulver-Spritzverfahren sind Schichtdicken zwischen 5 μηη und ca. 150 μηη (Mehrschichtverfahren) möglich. In the sol-gel immersion process, layer thicknesses below 2 μm are achieved. In the wet powder spraying process, layer thicknesses between 5 μm and approximately 150 μm (multilayer process) are possible.
Vor der Beschichtung sollten die Oberflächen der Bauteile frei von partikulären Verunreinigungen, wie Staub etc. sein, um eine gute Haftung der hydrophoben Beschichtung zu gewährleisten. Dies kann beispielsweise durch kurzzeitiges erhitzen (Anlassen der Oberfläche) der Bauteile erfolgen, wodurch eine dünne Oxidschicht entsteht. Before coating, the surfaces of the components should be free of particulate contaminants, such as dust, etc., to ensure good adhesion of the hydrophobic coating. This can be done for example by brief heating (tempering of the surface) of the components, whereby a thin oxide layer is formed.
Durch die hydrophobe Beschichtung perlt das bei Temperatur- und/oder Druckunterschieden entstehende Kondensat an der Oberfläche der Batterie bzw. des Batteriemoduls ab und kann gezielt in einem Auffangbehälter gesammelt werden, welcher bei Bedarf entleert werden kann. Due to the hydrophobic coating, the condensate resulting from temperature and / or pressure differences bubbles on the surface of the battery or of the battery module and can be collected in a targeted manner in a collecting container, which can be emptied if necessary.
Die wasserabweisende Schutzschicht bietet einen zuverlässigen Schutz für das Batteriemodul selbst und für die Umwelt (Stromschläge etc.). The water-repellent protective layer provides reliable protection for the battery module itself and for the environment (electric shocks etc.).
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der Figuren näher erläutert. Fig. 1 und Fig . 2 zeigen ein Batteriemodul eines erfindungsgemäßen Energiespeichers im Schrägriss. The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show a battery module of an energy store according to the invention in an oblique view.
Der durch eine wiederaufladbare Batterie gebildete Energiespeicher 1 weist mehrere nebeneinander angeordnete Batteriemodule 2 auf. Jedes Batteriemodul 2 weist im Inneren einen nicht weiter ersichtlichen Stapel von nebeneinandergereihten plattenförmigen Batteriezellen auf, welche durch miteinander verschraubten Druckplatten 3 aneinander gepresst sind . Mit Bezugszeichen 4 ist die Verschraubung für die Druckplatten 3 bezeichnet. The energy accumulator 1 formed by a rechargeable battery has a plurality of battery modules 2 arranged next to one another. Each battery module 2 has inside a not further apparent stack of juxtaposed plate-shaped battery cells, which are pressed together by pressure plates 3 screwed together. Reference numeral 4, the screw for the printing plates 3 is designated.
Im Deckenbereich 5 des Energiespeichers 1 sind die Batteriezellen verbindende Sammelschienen angeordnet, wobei zur Kühlung eine Busbar-Kühleinrichtung 6 vorgesehen ist, welche über Kühlkanäle 7 mit Kühlmittelsammler bzw. -Verteiler 7a, 7b in Verbindung steht. Die Kühlung erfolgt bevorzugt durch ein flüssiges Kühlmedium. In the ceiling region 5 of the energy storage device 1, the battery cells connecting busbars are arranged, wherein for cooling a busbar cooling device 6 is provided, which communicates via cooling channels 7 with coolant collector or distributor 7a, 7b. The cooling is preferably carried out by a liquid cooling medium.
Im Ausführungsbeispiel wird das gesamte Batteriemodul 2 beschichtet. Alternativ dazu kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass nur einzelne sicherheitsrelevante Bauteile wie Batteriezellen, vor allem Kontaktstellen; elektronische Bauteile; Metallteile, die häufig Temperaturschwankungen ausgesetzt sind, wie Rahmen, Halterungen oder dergleichen; die Busbar-Kühleinrichtung 6 und Kühlkanäle 7, 7a, 7b und/ oder die gesamte Elektronik (sofern diese nicht gesondert geschützt/isoliert ist) beschichtet werden. In the exemplary embodiment, the entire battery module 2 is coated. Alternatively, it can also be provided that only individual safety-relevant components such as battery cells, especially contact points; electronic components; Metal parts that are frequently exposed to temperature fluctuations, such as frames, brackets or the like; the busbar cooling device 6 and cooling channels 7, 7a, 7b and / or the entire electronics (unless it is separately protected / isolated) are coated.
Es ist aber auch möglich, den gesamten Energiespeicher 1 als Ganzes mit einer wasserabweisenden Schicht zu überziehen. Dabei erhält der gesamte Energiespeicher 1 zum Beispiel durch ein Sol-Gel-Tauchverfahren oder durch ein Nass- pulverspritzverfahren eine hydrophobe Beschichtung. Beim Sol-Gel-Tauchverfahren liegen die Schichtdicken unter 2 μηη . Beim Nasspulverspritzen sind Schichtdicken bis 5 μηη möglich. Schichtdicken bis etwa 150 μηη sind durch Mehrschichtverfahren erzielbar. Alternativ zum Tauchverfahren oder insbesondere für lokale Beschichtungen geeigneten Nasspulverspritzverfahren kann auch ein Dampfabscheidungsverfahren mit Parylene angewendet werden. But it is also possible to coat the entire energy storage device 1 as a whole with a water-repellent layer. In this case, the entire energy store 1 receives a hydrophobic coating, for example by a sol-gel dipping method or by a wet powder spraying method. In the sol-gel immersion process, the layer thicknesses are less than 2 μm. When wet powder spraying layer thicknesses up to 5 μηη are possible. Layer thicknesses up to about 150 μηη can be achieved by multi-layer processes. As an alternative to the dipping method or, in particular, wet powder spraying methods suitable for local coatings, it is also possible to use a parylene vapor deposition method.
Die wasserabweisende Schicht kann beispielsweise einer Si02- oder Ti02-Nano- partikel aufweisende Matrix aufweisen. Es können aber auch Nanoschichten aus hydrophoben Polymeren (Wachs, Polyethylen, Polypropylen und Nanoteilchen als Pigmente, wie Metalloxide Al203, FeO, Ti02 eingesetzt werden. The water-repellent layer may have, for example, a matrix comprising SiO 2 or TiO 2 nanoparticles. However, it is also possible to use nanosheets of hydrophobic polymers (wax, polyethylene, polypropylene and nanoparticles as pigments, such as metal oxides Al 2 O 3 , FeO, TiO 2 .
Die Bauteile müssen vor der Beschichtung frei von partikulären Verunreinigungen (Staub, etc.) sein, so dass die Haftung der hydrophoben Beschichtung gewährleistet ist. Dies kann durch kurzzeitiges Erhitzen erfolgen. In den Fig . 1 sind im Bereich der Verschraubung des Batteriemoduls 2 angreifende Modulaufnahmen 8 dargestellt, über welche der Batteriemodul 2 während des Beschichtungsverfahrens gehalten wird. Nach der Beschichtung werden die Modulaufnahmen 8 wieder entfernt, wie in Fig . 2 angedeutet ist. The components must be free of particulate contaminants (dust, etc.) before coating, so that the adhesion of the hydrophobic coating is ensured. This can be done by brief heating. In the Figs. 1, module receptacles 8 engaging in the region of the screw connection of the battery module 2 are shown, via which the battery module 2 is held during the coating process. After coating, the module holders 8 are removed again, as shown in FIG. 2 is indicated.
Bei Kondensationsbildung durch Temperatur- und Druckunterschiede wird auf Grund der hydrophoben Beschichtung das Kondensat gezielt in einem nicht weiter dargestellten Auffangbehälter gesammelt und kann bei Bedarf entleert werden. Dadurch kann es zu keinen Schäden am Energiespeicher selbst und der Umwelt (Menschen) durch Stromschläge oder dergleichen kommen. When condensation forms due to temperature and pressure differences, the condensate is purposefully collected in a collecting vessel (not shown) due to the hydrophobic coating and can be emptied if necessary. As a result, there can be no damage to the energy storage itself and the environment (people) by electric shocks or the like.

Claims

P A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H E PATENT APPLICATIONS
1. Elektrischer Energiespeicher (1) für ein Elektrofahrzeug, welcher mehrere elektrisch miteinander verbundene Batteriemodule (2) aufweist, wobei jedes Batteriemodul (2) eine Vielzahl an elektrisch miteinander verbundenen, vorzugsweise flachen, im Wesentlichen plattenförmigen Batteriezellen aufweist, welche in zumindest einem Stapel nebeneinander angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest ein - vorzugsweise sicherheitsrelevanter - Bauteil und/oder Bereich des Batteriemoduls (2) mit einer wasserabweisenden Schicht überzogen ist. 1. Electrical energy storage device (1) for an electric vehicle, which has a plurality of electrically interconnected battery modules (2), wherein each battery module (2) has a plurality of electrically interconnected, preferably flat, substantially plate-shaped battery cells, which in at least one stack next to each other are arranged, characterized in that at least one - preferably safety-relevant - component and / or region of the battery module (2) is coated with a water-repellent layer.
2. Energiespeicher (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest eine Batteriezelle mit einer wasserabweisenden Schicht überzogen ist. Second energy storage device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one battery cell is coated with a water-repellent layer.
3. Energiespeicher (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Metallteile, vorzugsweise Kontaktstellen, Rahmen und/oder Halterungen mit einer wasserabweisenden Schicht überzogen sind. 3. energy storage device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that metal parts, preferably contact points, frames and / or brackets are coated with a water-repellent layer.
4. Energiespeicher (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest ein elektronischer Bauteile mit einer wasserabweisenden Schicht überzogen sind. 4. energy store (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one electronic components are coated with a water-repellent layer.
5. Energiespeicher (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest eine Busbar-Kühleinrichtung (6) und/oder zumindest ein Kühlkanal (7; 7a, 7b) mit einer wasserabweisenden Schicht überzogen sind . 5. energy store (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one busbar cooling device (6) and / or at least one cooling channel (7; 7a, 7b) are coated with a water-repellent layer.
6. Energiespeicher (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das gesamte Batteriemodul (2) mit einer wasserabweisenden Schicht überzogen ist. 6. Energy store (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the entire battery module (2) is coated with a water-repellent layer.
7. Energiespeicher (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der gesamte, zumindest zwei Batteriemodule (2) aufweisende Energiespeicher (1) mit einer wasserabweisenden Schicht überzogen ist. 7. energy store (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the entire, at least two battery modules (2) having energy storage (1) is coated with a water-repellent layer.
8. Energiespeicher (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schicht aus einer Material-Matrix besteht. 8. energy storage device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the layer consists of a material matrix.
9. Energiespeicher (1) nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Material-Matrix Si02- oder Ti02-Nanopartikel oder -Nanoschichten aufweist. 9. energy store (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the material matrix Si0 2 - or Ti0 2 nanoparticles or nanolayers.
10. Energiespeicher (1) nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Material-Matrix hydrophobe Polymere, besonders vorzugsweise Wachs, Polyethylen und/oder Polypropylen hydrophobe Polymere, besonders vorzugsweise Wachs, Polyethylen und/oder Polypropylen aufweist. 10. energy store (1) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the material matrix hydrophobic polymers, particularly preferably wax, polyethylene and / or polypropylene hydrophobic polymers, particularly preferably wax, polyethylene and / or polypropylene.
11. Energiespeicher (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Material-Matrix Nanoteilchen als Pigmente aufweist, vorzugsweise bestehend aus Metalloxiden, besonders vorzugsweise aus Al203, FeO und/oder Ti02. 11. energy store (1) according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the material matrix has nanoparticles as pigments, preferably consisting of metal oxides, particularly preferably from Al 2 0 3 , FeO and / or Ti0 second
12. Energiespeicher (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Batteriemodul (2) einen Auffangbehälter für Kondensat aufweist. 12. energy storage device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the battery module (2) has a collecting container for condensate.
13. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektrischen Energiespeichers (1) für ein Elektrofahrzeug, welcher Energiespeicher (1) mehrere Batteriemodule (2) aufweist, die miteinander elektrisch verbunden werden, wobei jeder Batteriemodul (2) eine Vielzahl an vorzugsweise flachen, im Wesentlichen plat- tenförmigen Batteriezellen aufweist, welche Batteriezeilen in zumindest einem Stapel nebeneinander angeordnet und miteinander elektrisch verbunden werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest ein sicherheitsrelevanter Bauteil und/oder Bereich des Batteriemoduls (2) mit einer wasserabweisenden Schicht überzogen wird . 13. A method for producing an electrical energy store (1) for an electric vehicle, which energy storage (1) a plurality of battery modules (2), which are electrically connected to each other, each battery module (2) a plurality of preferably flat, substantially plate tenförmigen Battery cells, which rows of batteries arranged in at least one stack next to each other and electrically connected to each other, characterized in that at least one safety-relevant component and / or region of the battery module (2) is coated with a water-repellent layer.
14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest eine Batteriezelle mit einer wasserabweisenden Schicht überzogen wird. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that at least one battery cell is coated with a water-repellent layer.
15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Metallteile, vorzugsweise Kontaktstellen, Rahmen und/oder Halterungen mit einer wasserabweisenden Schicht überzogen wird . 15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that metal parts, preferably contact points, frames and / or mounts is coated with a water-repellent layer.
16. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest ein elektronischer Bauteile mit einer wasserabweisenden Schicht überzogen wird. 16. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that at least one electronic component is coated with a water-repellent layer.
17. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest eine Busbar-Kühleinrichtung (6) und/oder zumindest ein Kühlkanal (7; 7a, 7b) mit einer wasserabweisenden Schicht überzogen sind. 17. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that at least one busbar cooling device (6) and / or at least one cooling channel (7; 7a, 7b) are coated with a water-repellent layer.
18. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das gesamte Batteriemodul (2) mit einer wasserabweisenden Schicht überzogen wird. 18. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the entire battery module (2) is coated with a water-repellent layer.
19. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schicht durch ein Sol-Gel-Tauchverfahren erzeugt wird. 19. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that the layer is produced by a sol-gel dipping method.
20. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schicht durch ein Nassspritzverfahren erzeugt wird. 20. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that the layer is produced by a wet spraying process.
21. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schicht durch ein Dampfabscheideverfahren erzeugt wird . 21. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 20, characterized in that the layer is produced by a Dampfabscheideverfahren.
2012 09 12 2012 09 12
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