WO2014006134A1

WO2014006134A1 - Fibre-reinforced driveshaft and eyelet winding process for production thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2014006134A1
Application number: PCT/EP2013/064131
Authority: WO
Inventors: Reinhard Wethje
Original assignee: Wethje-Beteiligungs-Gmbh
Priority date: 2012-07-06
Filing date: 2013-07-04
Publication date: 2014-01-09
Also published as: DE102012211840A1

Abstract

The invention discloses a fibre-reinforced driveshaft, preferably a Cardan shaft, wherein the fibres comprise carbon, aramide, basalt, glass material and/or natural material, and a load distribution head is fixedly connected to the driveshaft. Furthermore, the invention relates to an eyelet winding process for producing a fibre-reinforced driveshaft, having the steps: providing a winding apparatus with 2 winding ends which have in each case at least 2, preferably at least 3 eyelets; providing a supporting core substantially between the winding ends; providing at least one fibre; applying the fibre to the supporting core in a first angular orientation; redirecting the fibre on an eyelet at one of the winding ends; applying the fibre to and/or around the supporting core in a second angular orientation which may differ from the first; redirecting the fibre on an eyelet at the other winding end; applying the fibre to the supporting core in a third angular orientation which may differ from those mentioned above; and repeating some of the steps as desired, wherein the angular orientations may be freely selected in each step, and wherein the driveshaft is thereby formed. The invention also relates to a corresponding shaft and a corresponding load distribution head and to an eyelet winding device for producing a corresponding driveshaft and for carrying out a corresponding eyelet winding process.

Description

Fiber-reinforced drive shaft and hoop method for manufacturing

The invention relates to a fiber-reinforced drive shaft which is fixedly connected to a load distribution head and Ösenwiekelverfahren for producing a fiber-reinforced drive shaft.

State of the art

Drive shafts are used in the prior art to transmit forces or torques. These can be used in vehicle technology to transmit forces or torques, for example between a transmission and a driven wheel. In general, such waves are formed as hollow shafts. Especially in the field of vehicle technology, it happens that a rotation about a first axis must be transmitted in a rotation about another axis. This is for example the case when the motor causes a rotation about a first axis, but the driven wheels are to rotate about another axis. Often it is also the case in motor vehicles that the motor causes rotation about a first axis, this rotation is transmitted to a second axis, which in turn causes rotation about a third axis parallel to the driven wheels. In the cases described, a force or a torque must be deflected at least once from one direction of rotation into another direction of rotation. For this purpose joints are used between the waves, which are often designed as cross or universal joints. A drive shaft, which is connected via at least one such joint with another shaft or shaft, is also referred to as propeller shaft. Such cardan shafts, especially for motor vehicles, are made of steel as standard. Generally, a high flexural stiffness is desired with low weight. A low weight is particularly desirable for motor vehicles used in motor sports. It is also desirable for such cars that are commonly advertised as "sports cars." As low as possible overall weight is desired in such automobiles, and weight reduction of the propshaft has been proposed by using materials other than steel, in particular the use of carbon fiber reinforced Plastics (CFRP) has been proposed. Thus, DE 3 718 399 A1 discloses a torsionsbeanspruchtes component with fiber layers between which a relation to the fiber layers soft material is arranged. The fibers may be formed, for example, as carbon fibers.

EP 2 184 439 A2 discloses a method for producing an engine shaft which consists of a fiber composite material and is connected at the ends with metallic output or drive pin. The fiber composite material of EP 2 184 439 A2 may comprise carbon fibers.

However, the disclosures of the prior art are presented with a variety of problems. Thus, for example, no adequate load distribution is achieved by incorporating drive pins as in EP 2 184 439 A2. Rather, the connections between the composite material and metallic spigots are subjected to high torsional forces, which generally can lead to high material fatigue and ultimately failure of the shaft. This is highly undesirable without the prior art offering solutions to these problems. Furthermore, the use of metallic elements per se is undesirable since, on the one hand, the connection between metallic elements and fiber composite materials is not optimal. On the other hand, metallic elements are also heavier than other materials, which precludes the desired weight reduction.

Furthermore, the disclosures of the prior art do not address the problems that commonly occur in the use of fiber materials, especially carbon fiber materials. So carbon fiber is an extremely brittle material. This makes it very susceptible to shocks that are not parallel to the fiber direction. These can occur in a motor vehicle, for example in the event of an accident. Smaller impacts that can lead to material fatigue can be caused by small stones and other particles. In addition to the risk of shocks that are triggered by such particles that hit the shaft from the outside, but also particles that get into the cavity of the hollow shaft, a problem. In general, it can be both in the event of an accident and in the normal Use of a vehicle to wear and failure phenomena come. These are not controlled in the prior art, which can have devastating consequences.

Another problem with drive shafts in general and with fiber-reinforced drive shafts in particular is the occurrence of vibrations. For example, in motor vehicles, the drive shaft is many decimeters long, which can easily resonant vibrations occur. This is undesirable for the functionality of the drive shafts.

Nor do the prior art documents disclose a method capable of producing a suitable fiber-reinforced drive shaft in an economical process. In particular, it is not disclosed how such a manufacturing method should be designed to achieve a desired arbitrary fiber orientation in the fiber reinforced drive shaft. In particular, it is not disclosed how this can be realized for small fiber orientations close to 0 ° with the shaft axis as reference axis.

Likewise, it is not disclosed how other elements besides the metallic pins of EP 2 1 84 439 A2 can be connected to a shaft. Due to the discussed problems and disadvantages of the prior art, the described carbon fiber shafts have not yet been realized.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to solve problems associated with the prior art, or at least to reduce their effects. In other words, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved fiber reinforced drive shaft. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method of manufacturing such a drive shaft.

Summary of the invention

These objects are achieved by the erfmdungs contemporary drive shaft and the inventive method of the independent claims. Particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention are discussed in the dependent claims. According to the invention, a fiber-reinforced drive shaft is provided, wherein the fibers have carbon, basalt, glass, and / or natural material and at least one load distribution head is fixedly connected to the drive shaft. With regard to natural materials, hemp is a particularly preferred material. Under a drive shaft is understood in the context of the invention, a shaft which can transmit a torque. Typically, such a shaft is used in motor vehicles and is preferably formed in the shape of a cylinder. However, the shaft does not necessarily have to be designed as a uniform cylinder. For example, it is possible for the cylinder to have different radii at different locations. The transition from one radius to another can be done both stepwise and evenly. In this case, the shaft may be at least partially formed as a cone or cone. Furthermore, the shaft is not limited to perfectly circular cross section, but is also intended to include deviations from perfectly round or circular cross sections. The drive shaft according to the invention is preferably designed as a hollow shaft. Furthermore, it may be preferred that it is filled in the interior with another material. Preferably, the drive shaft is realized as a propeller shaft. A cardan shaft is understood as a drive shaft with at least one universal joint. A fiber is generally a structure that has one dimension (length) that is significantly longer than the other two dimensions (width and thickness or cross section). A load distribution head in the sense of the invention is understood to mean, in particular, an element which, in particular in cooperation with elements or regions of a shaft, is suitable for transmitting the torque of the shaft to another element and distributing the torque applied to the drive shaft on the circumference. In other words, a load distribution head is preferably designed to transmit a torque of a few pins or load arms to an entire circumference of the shaft. For example, if 3 load arms are provided with a circumferential angular extent of 20 °, the Drelimoment is at the end of the load distribution head, on which the load arms are arranged at 3 x 20 ° = 60 ° of the circumferential angle. The load arm transmits this torque to the entire peripheral side, ie to 360 °. Likewise, it is also possible for the load distribution head to distribute a torque from the total circumference (360 °) to the load distribution arms. Preferably, it is also possible that a total load or a load peak can be transmitted from a load arm to a total circumference of the shaft. It is also possible that the drive shaft has more than one load distribution head, preferably two load distribution heads. These can be arranged at different longitudinal ends of the drive shaft.

The load distribution arms preferably have a conical structure in a plan view perpendicular to the shaft axis. In other words, the load distribution arms taper with increasing distance from the shaft center towards a longitudinal end.

Due to the fixed connection of the load distribution head to the drive shaft, it is more resistant to wear, less prone to failure and more durable in comparison to the waves known from the prior art. These advantages arise preferably and, for example, from the fact that two identical or similar materials are connected to one another and / or from the fact that the shaft and load distribution head are manufactured or connected in one shot. Another advantage is that the shaft of the invention can be manufactured in a simple and inexpensive process. It is preferred that the fibers comprise carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). It is particularly preferred that it consists essentially of CFRP. Furthermore, it is preferred that the fibers have at least one thermoplastic or thermoplastically bonded material. Examples of such thermoplastically bonded fibers include acrylonitrile-butadiene-polystyrene (ABS) fibers, polyamides (PA), polylactate (PLA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene enterephthalate ( PET), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) and celluloid. Additionally or additionally, it is also possible to use duroplastic material, in particular epoxide, polyester, vinyl ester, phenol and polyimide resins. By a suitable choice of material properties (such as hardness, elasticity, vibration behavior, weight) of the drive shaft can be positively influenced.

Furthermore, it is preferred that the fibers have different angular orientations. For the purposes of this invention, angles, unless explicitly stated otherwise, are always measured with respect to a longitudinal axis of the drive shaft. A fiber with an angle of 0 ° is therefore a fiber which runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft and a fiber with an angle of 90 ° runs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, ie generally in the circumferential direction of the shaft. All values given for angles are absolute values. For example, an angle of 90 ° is intended to describe both a fiber which describes a right-hand spiral in the circumferential direction and a fiber which describes a left-hand spiral in the circumferential direction. Similarly, an angular orientation of 0 ° is intended to describe an orientation parallel to the longitudinal axis, regardless of the direction of the fiber. Analogously, this also applies to all values between 0 ° and 90 °. Preferably, at least some of the fibers have angular orientations between 0 ° and 90 °, preferably between 0 ° and 15 °, more preferably between 0.5 ° and 9 °, and most preferably between 0.5 ° and 5 °. On the one hand, this can bring manufacturing advantages. Such a wave can also be produced, for example, in the method described below. Furthermore, it may be advantageous to provide the greatest possible variation or width of fiber orientations between 0 ° and 90 °. The low fiber angles allow in particular the formation, for example, of the load distribution arms on the shaft and their one-piece transition into the shaft body. It is also preferred that the load distribution head comprises CFK. Particularly preferably, the load distribution head even consists essentially of CFK. This can have the consequence that the load distribution head on the one hand has a low weight with good hardness and Steifi gkei tsei properties. On the other hand, such a load distribution head can be easily connected to the drive shaft. This connection can take various forms. Thus, it is preferred that the load distribution head is glued to the drive shaft. Furthermore, the load distribution head can also be an integral part of the drive shaft and is particularly preferably integrally entangled or intertwined with it. The connection can also be in one piece. All this can allow a firm connection between the shaft and other elements.

In a preferred embodiment, the drive shaft has a failure area on the load distribution head or in an environment of the load distribution head. Preferably, this failure area is at a junction between the drive shaft and the Load distribution head formed. Preferably, the failure region is formed as a predetermined breaking point and further it is preferred that the failure region is formed by a suitable geometry, for example by an angular load distribution head or by a tapered region or a region with reduced wall thickness. Alternatively or additionally, the failure area may be formed by a suitable arrangement, or angular orientation of the fiber windings. For example, the failure area on or near the load distribution head may cause the drive shaft to fail, for example break, in the event of an accident at a defined location. As a result, the damage can preferably be controlled. Thus, this can be prevented, for example, that parts, for example splinters, which reach a non-defined location in a break in unsuitable areas and thereby, for example, affect the functionality of the motor vehicle or injure persons or damage other vehicles. In addition to motor vehicles, the drive shaft according to the invention can also be used in ships, helicopters and other devices in which a transmission of torque is desirable. Further, these fractions may be shielded because they occur at a defined location, and thereby injuries of occupants and other persons and animals can be prevented.

Furthermore, it is preferred that the load distribution head, preferably its base region, or the shaft in the receiving region for the load distribution head has a substantially conical structure. In other words, an outer diameter of the shaft in an end region or in a region to be received or to be disposed of the load-distribution head is preferably larger than an outer diameter of the shaft in another, for example middle, region.

Further, it is preferable that the load distribution pad f has three or more load arms that preferably extend from a base portion of the load distribution head. Other preferred numbers of load arms are four, five and six, or more, but not limited thereto. The, preferably hollow, drive shaft has two ends. One of the ends is preferably designed to receive the load distribution head. The corresponding load distribution head receiving area preferably has a shape that complements the load distribution head, in particular on the inside of the shaft. Particularly preferably, the drive shaft webs or arms, which correspond to the load distribution arms of the load distribution head, in particular with regard to their shape. In combination, that is, when recorded in the shaft load distribution head, the arms of the drive shaft are preferably in communication with the load distribution arms of the load distribution head. Preferably, they are in substantial contact with the load distribution arms of the load distribution head over their entire length. By the connection of the webs with the load distribution arms of the load distribution head new structures are created, which are referred to below as Wellenlastv distribution arms. In general, the Wellenlastverteüungsarme are dimensioned so that they can distribute an applied load suitable. In principle, especially small lengths of the wave load distribution arms can be advantageous. As already mentioned, the drive shaft preferably has a load distribution head receiving area, which comprises a portion for receiving the load distribution head base and a portion for receiving the load distribution arms.

Load distribution head base and the corresponding one

Load distribution head base receiving portion of the shaft are preferably formed substantially round. According to a preferred embodiment, these regions have non-circular, for example substantially polygonal, in particular triangular or oval, cross sections. This supports a form-fitting so that the load-distribution head can not rotate in the shaft, which preferably facilitates load transfer.

In general, a cross-sectional area through a wave load distribution arm should be approximately equal to a corresponding cross-sectional area through another wave load distribution arm. As an overall cross-sectional area of the wave load distribution arms is understood in particular the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all wave load distribution arms along a cutting plane. The wave cross-sectional area is understood in particular to be a cross-sectional area of the massive area of a shaft along a sectional plane. Preferably, an overall cross-sectional area of the wave load distribution arms is larger, more preferably at least 50% larger, even more preferably at least 100% larger than a wave cross-sectional area. In particular, it is preferable that a total cross-sectional area of the wave load distributing arms is about twice as large as a shaft cross-sectional area. This is preferably true in the event that a cross-sectional area of the Lastvereilungsarme is approximately equal to a corresponding cross-sectional area of the arms of the shaft. By load arms, the force or torque can be transferred in a particularly suitable manner to a next element. Furthermore, it is particularly preferred that the load distribution head has an integrated centering pin, which is preferably provided in the load distribution head base. This can for example allow a simplified centering of the load distribution head or the drive shaft.

Preferably, the drive shaft in an environment of a load distribution head fibers with angular orientations of 60 ° to 90 °, preferably 70 ° to 90 °, more preferably 80 ° to 90 ° and most preferably 85 ° to 89.5 °. In the vicinity of a load distribution head, a large stress of the drive shaft in the rotational or in the circumferential direction can arise. Therefore, it is precisely in this area that a fiber direction which has a large component in the circumferential or rotational direction, that is to say close to 90 °, may be particularly preferred. This is taken into account by the above feature. Furthermore, it may be preferred that the drive shaft in an environment of a load distribution head has a cross-sectional enlargement by an accumulation of fibers. As a result, the drive shaft in areas which are exposed to a particularly large rotational or torsional stress, be strengthened, which can have a positive effect on the mechanical resistance and the life of the drive shaft. In a further preferred embodiment, the drive shaft has further materials. Thus, it may be preferred that the drive shaft has at least one material for vibration damping. It is possible that this material is mounted substantially over the entire longitudinal extent of the shaft. Longitudinal in this context means parallel to the longitudinal axis. Likewise, it is particularly preferred that the material is arranged substantially over 360 ° of the circumference. However, it may also be preferred not to arrange the material for vibration damping over the entire longitudinal extent and / or not over the full 360 ° of the circumference. The material for shrinkage damping may preferably be a rubber material and / or be a plastic material. The plastic material used as the vibration damping material may advantageously comprise ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, polyurethane, polyethylene, polyolefins, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl chloride and / or polytetrafluoroethene. It is further preferred that the material for vibration damping comprises a foam and / or a honeycomb-like material. Preferably, the material is arranged for vibration damping between an inner and an outer fiber layer. In other words, the drive shaft is thus preferably formed from a plurality of layers - one or more fiber layers and at least one layer for vibration damping. The vibration damping material may generally be capable of damping possible vibrations of the drive shaft.

Furthermore, it is preferred that the drive shaft has a protective material. This may for example comprise a rubber material and / or a plastic material. It is possible that this protective material is mounted substantially over the entire longitudinal extent of the shaft. Longitudinal in this context means parallel to the longitudinal axis. Likewise, it is particularly preferred that the protective material is arranged substantially over 360 ° of the circumference. However, it may also be preferred not to arrange the protective material over the entire longitudinal extent and / or not over the full 360 ° of the circumference. The plastic material used as a protective material may advantageously comprise ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, polyurethane, polyethylene, polyolefins, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl chloride and / or polytetrafluoroethene. Preferably, the protective material is arranged inside or outside on the drive shaft. Outside in this context means that it is mounted in the circumferential direction over the outermost fiber layer. Internal in this context means that it limits the drive shaft, which is generally hollow, towards the cavity. The provision of such a protective layer may be advantageous to protect the shaft from impacts, for example by stones. This can be particularly advantageous if the drive shaft shock-sensitive materials, for example CFRP has. This can increase the longevity of the drive shaft. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the protective material is at the same time the material for vibration damping. Furthermore, the drive shaft preferably has a hard disk or flexible disk. The Hardys- or flexible disc is preferably made of rubber or other elastic material and has, for example, vulcanized, sockets, preferably made of metal on. By means of such a disk, for example, easy axle displacements between two shafts can be compensated and, at the same time, torque shocks can be damped. The Hardy or flexible disc is preferably fixedly connected to the drive shaft. This compound may particularly preferably be integral. Such a connection further reduces the number of components, which can result in additional weight reduction. Furthermore, such a connection can have the advantage that in this way a force or a torque can be suitably transmitted.

According to a further preferred Ausführungsforai, the drive shaft has at least one longitudinal end on with 2, preferably 3, more preferably 4, for example, 6 or more extensions for length compensation. These may be designed, for example, to be slidably connected to a further element, for example a further shaft or a gear housing, for example on the rear axle of a motor vehicle. At the same time, it is particularly preferred that these extensions are designed to be able to slide in a component of such a further element. As a result, small length or position changes can be compensated, which can further increase the life of a drive shaft. Furthermore, this represents a cost-effective, low-cost and low-cost option to compensate for such changes in position. Such a length compensation may be required, for example, by thermal expansion or by expansion by forces when driving. Advantageously, the extensions are coated for length compensation, wherein the coating of the extensions or legs particularly preferably Teflon, galvanic coatings and / or metal sleeves. These extensions are located at the load distribution head receiving area opposite end of the shaft. According to a further aspect, the invention also relates to an eyelet winding method, as well as a corresponding eyelet winding device, for producing a fiber-reinforced drive shaft with the steps: a. Providing a winding device with 2 winding ends, each having at least 2, preferably at least 3 eyelets; b. Providing a support core substantially between the coil ends; c. Providing at least one fiber; d. Applying the fiber to the support core in a first angular orientation; e. Deflecting the fiber at an eyelet at one of the coil ends; f. Applying the fiber on or about the support core in a second angular orientation that may be different from the first; G. Deflecting the fiber at one eyelet at the other end of the rewind; H. Applying the fiber to the support core in a third angular orientation that may be different from the foregoing; and i. any repetition of the steps c.-h., wherein the angular orientations can be chosen arbitrarily in each step and thereby the drive shaft is formed. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that in each of steps i, which is also meant to include the first iteration, steps e, f, g and h may be optional. In other words, it is not necessary for each fiber to pass and deflect the eyelets multiple times. However, it is particularly preferred that this is done with at least one part and most preferably with a majority or substantially all fibers. Furthermore, in some embodiments, it may be preferred that certain windings be made deliberately so that they do not fill the entire longitudinal extent of the resulting drive shaft. This may be particularly preferred, for example, when the cross section of the resulting drive shaft at certain sections, more preferably at longitudinal ends or in an environment of a load distribution head to be larger than at other sections.

In particular, the use of eyelets, which may preferably have a smaller diameter and space requirement than prior art devices, makes it possible in particular to achieve angular orientations near 0 °, i. approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. The provision of fiber progressions with a low angular orientation, for example, to 0 °, is particularly advantageous for forming the arms of the shaft and / or extensions for length compensation. The fiber transitions from these arms and / or extensions to the shaft body and / or to an adjacent arm or extension is preferably assisted by a corresponding redirecting of the fibers through a fiber guiding structure provided on the winding core. The core is preferably in two parts or can be pulled laterally from the finished shaft.

The winding is preferably carried out by a carriage or a robot arm, the Fibers feel along a core and through the eyelets. The fiber angle can be adjusted by adjusting the movement and speed in the longitudinal direction of the shaft relative to the movement along the shaft circumference. In a preferred embodiment, the support core remains as a lost core in the drive shaft. In such an embodiment, a lost core is provided which preferably has cheap and relatively lightweight plastics. Alternatively, in another preferred embodiment, the eyelet winding method also includes the step of removing the support core from the drive shaft. Preferably, the support core wax, gypsum, sand, salts and / or more preferably low-melting metal alloys (eg metal alloys with Zn and / or Bi). The removal of the support core can be carried out according to preferred embodiments by applying a temperature, application of liquids and / or applying a pressure, in particular a negative pressure (with respect to the surrounding pressure).

Preferably, at least one of the fibers, more preferably substantially all of the fibers is preimpregnated with a resin. Preferably, the resin is a synthetic resin. According to another preferred embodiment, the eyelet winding method comprises the step of depositing a resin. In this embodiment, it is possible that the fibers are not preimpregnated. In other words, these fibers may be wound "dry" and the resin is added in a separate step, so it is possible to carry out the o-roll winding process as a resin transfer molding process Preferably, the resin is a synthetic resin It is preferred that the eyelet winding method also comprises the steps of providing a device for hardening the drive shaft and hardening the drive shaft. <br/> The device for hardening the drive shaft, for example an autoclave, can particularly preferably comprise a hot air supply, a microwave oven, an induction heater, a steam heater, have an electric heater and / or another heater.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the Ö senwickelverfahren additionally comprises the step of cutting or sawing off a portion of the drive shaft in an environment of at least one of the winding end faces. Furthermore, it is preferred that at least one eyelet is resiliently mounted on a winding end. It is particularly preferred to store all eyelets resiliently at a winding end. This may make it possible to expose the individual fibers to a suitable train. In addition, it is also possible to compensate for small differences between fibers or different windings of a fiber.

According to another preferred embodiment, the angular orientations of the fiber are made up of steps d., F., H. and i. at least for large parts of the eyelet winding process in a range of 0 ° to 15 °, preferably 0 ° to 9 °, more preferably 0.5 ° to 9 °, and most preferably between 0.5 ° and 5 °. Just the realization of small angular orientations near 0 ° is facilitated or made possible by the use of the eyelets described. The fibers preferably extend in this area in a groove or shaft provided by the winding device. It is also preferred that the eyelets have an inner free or opening diameter corresponding to at least about twice the diameter of the load arm to be produced. A cross-sectional diameter of the eyelet should be as minimal as possible. As a result, fiber windings that lie very close to each other over as large a range as possible can be realized. At the same time, however, the cross-sectional diameter should also not be too small, since this could cause a disproportionately high load on a fiber during deflection at the eyelet.

Preferably, the waveguide distribution arms forming fibers after winding are brought into a preferred cross-sectional shape. This is preferably done by shaping, for example a stamp that presses on the fibers, which preferably extend in a shaft. The winding device preferably has corresponding means, for example punch.

Furthermore, it is preferred that a prefabricated load-distribution head is wrapped so that it forms an integral part of the drive shaft at one end of a longitudinal side. Preferably, the load distribution is f so integrally formed with the drive shaft, firmly connected or glued. When the shaft is wound around the load distribution head, a lost core is preferably used. Advantageously, the load distribution head has one or more of the features described above.

Furthermore, it may be preferable to use more than one fiber. According to a further preferred embodiment, the fibers have carbon fibers, glass fibers, basalt fibers and / or natural fibers. It is particularly preferred that at least one, most preferably substantially all fibers have CFRP and even more preferably consist essentially of CFRP. According to a further preferred embodiment, at least one of the fibers comprises a thermoplastic.

Furthermore, it is preferred that the eyelet winding method additionally comprises the step of applying at least one further material, wherein this material can be applied in the radial direction below the fiber material, between layers of the fiber material and / or above the fiber material. This material may be suitable for impact protection and / or for vibration damping. Preferably, the at least one further material comprises at least one rubber material and / or at least one plastic, wherein the plastic preferably comprises ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, polyurethane, polyethylene, polyolefins, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl chloride and / or polytetrafluoroethene. According to a further preferred embodiment, the material may also have a foam and / or be honeycomb-shaped.

According to a further aspect, the invention also relates to a fiber-reinforced drive shaft, which can be produced or produced from a method as described above.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that individual features and preferred embodiments described with respect to the drive shaft may also be found in the eyelet winding method described without their being explicitly described. For example, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that any materials described as possible fiber constituents for the fibers of the drive shaft may be employed as eyelet winding fibers without explicit mention. Analogously, this also applies to other features. Likewise the expert is analog clear that individual features that have been described in connection with the eyelet winding method, may also be features of the drive shaft described. Expressions such as "about, about, um, essentially, generally, at least, at least, near," etc. have been named (ie, "about 3" should also include "3" or "substantially radial" and should also be "radial" ) The expression "resp." moreover means "and / or". The invention thus relates to the following aspects:

1. Fiber-reinforced drive shaft, preferably a cardan shaft, wherein the fibers have carbon, aramid, basalt, glass, and / or natural material and a load distribution head is fixedly connected to the drive shaft.

2. Drive shaft according to aspect 1, wherein the fibers comprise carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), and preferably consists essentially of CFRP.

3. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein the fibers comprise at least one thermoplastic material and / or a thermosetting material.

4. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein the load distribution head comprises CFK, and preferably consists essentially of CFRP. 5. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein the load distribution head has a base portion and extending therefrom load arms, which are preferably formed integrally with the base portion.

6. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein the shaft has a load distribution head receiving area, which preferably has a shape complementary to the load distribution head, wherein the

Load distribution head receiving portion preferably has arms that in combination with the arms of the load distribution head waves! form astverteilungsarme. A drive shaft according to aspects 6 and 7, wherein the load distribution head space of the shaft comprises a portion for receiving the load distribution head asis and a portion for receiving the load distribution arms. Drive shaft according to one of the aspects 6 to 8, wherein the load distribution head base portion and the corresponding load distribution head receiving portion of the shaft are formed substantially round. Drive shaft according to one of the aspects 6 to 8, wherein the load distribution head base portion and the corresponding load distribution head receiving portion of the shaft out of round, preferably substantially oval or polygonal, for example triangular, are formed. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein the fibers have different angular orientations, wherein the fibers, preferably in the region of the load distribution arms, have angular orientations between 0 ° and 90 °, preferably between 0 ° and 15 °, particularly preferably between 0.5 ° and 9 ° and most preferably zwi chen have 0.5 ° and 5 °. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein the load distribution head is glued to the drive shaft or is an integral part of the drive shaft and has been preferably integrally wound or braided. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding aspects, having a failure area on the load distribution head or in an environment of the load distribution head, wherein the Versagensberei ch is preferably formed at a junction between the drive shaft and load distribution head. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein the load distribution head has 3 or more Lastanne and / or wherein the shaft has 3 or more corresponding arms, vorzu sweise wherein bz w. such that the shaft has 3 or more shaft load distribution arms. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein the load distribution head has an integrated centering pin. 15. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding aspects, which in an environment of a load distribution head fibers with angular orientations of 60 ° to 90 °, preferably 70 ° to 90 °, more preferably 80 ° to 90 ° and most preferably 85 ° to 89.5 ° having. 16. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding aspects, which has a cross-sectional enlargement by an accumulation of fibers in an environment of a load distribution head.

17. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding aspects, which comprises at least one vibration damping material, such as a rubber material and / or a plastic material, preferably a foam and / or a honeycomb-like material, which is preferably arranged between an inner and an outer fiber layer.

1 8. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein the drive shaft comprises a protective material, such as a rubber material and / or a plastic material, which is preferably arranged outside or inside of the drive shaft.

19. drive shaft according to aspect 1 7 or 18, wherein the plastic material ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, polyurethane, polyethylene, polyolefins, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl chloride and / or P ol ytetrafluoroethene.

20. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding aspects, further comprising a Hardy disc is fixedly connected to the drive shaft.

21, drive shaft according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein at least one longitudinal end at least 3, preferably at least 4, more preferably at least 6 extensions for length compensation, which are preferably coated, wherein the coating of the legs particularly preferably Teflon, galvanic coatings and / or metal sleeves having.

22. An eyelet winding method for producing a fiber-reinforced drive shaft comprising the steps of:

a. Providing a winding device with 2 winding ends, each having at least 2, preferably at least 3 eyelets; b. Providing a support core substantially between the coil ends;

c. Providing at least one fiber;

d. Applying the fiber to the support core in a first angular orientation;

e. Deflecting the fiber at an eyelet at one of the coil ends;

f. Applying the fiber on or about the support core in a second angular orientation that may be different from the first;

G. Deflecting the fiber at one eyelet at the other end of the rewind;

H. Applying the fiber to the support core in a third angular orientation that may be different from the foregoing; and

i. any repetition of the steps c.-h., wherein the angular orientations can be chosen arbitrarily in each step and thereby the drive shaft is formed. Osenwickelverfahren according to aspect 22, comprising the step of: remaining the support core in the drive shaft or removing the support core from the drive shaft. Osenwickelverfahren according to aspect 22 or 23 and additionally with the Scliritt: cutting or sawing off a portion of the drive shaft, preferably a part of the Wellenlastverteilungsarme, in an environment of at least one of the winding ends. Osenwickelverfahren according to one of the aspects 22-24, wherein at least one, preferably all eyelet (s) is resiliently mounted on a winding end. Osenwickelverfahren according to one of the aspects 22-25, wherein the angular orientations of the fiber from steps d., F., H. and i. at least for large parts of the eyelet winding process in a range of 0 ° to 15 °, preferably 0 ° to 9 °, more preferably 0.5 ° to 9 ° and most preferably between 0.5 ° and 5 °. An eyelet winding method according to any one of aspects 17-26, wherein a load distribution head is wrapped so as to form an integral part of the drive shaft at one end of a longitudinal side. Osenwickelverfahren according to one of the aspects 17-27 and additionally with the Scliritt: applying at least one further material, which material can be applied in the radial direction below the fiber material, between layers of the fiber material and / or above the fiber material. 29. A fiber reinforced drive shaft producible from a method according to any of aspects 17-28.

25 eyelets winding device for producing a fiber-reinforced drive shaft according to one of claims 1 to 16 and 29 and / or for performing a Ösenwickelverfahrens according to any one of claims 17 to 27.

26th shaft, in particular propeller shaft, with the characteristics of the drive shaft according to one of the preceding aspects without load distribution head.

27 load distribution head with the characteristics of the load distribution head according to one of the preceding aspects without drive shaft,

The invention will be better understood from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, which are given by way of illustration only, and thus do not limit the invention. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a portion of a winding device according to a first embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2a is a schematic side view of a portion of a fiber-reinforced drive shaft according to another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2b shows a schematic sectional view along sectional plane Hb-IIb from FIG. 2a; FIG.

3a is a schematic side view of a portion of a fiber-reinforced drive shaft and parts of a winding device according to another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3b shows a schematic sectional view along section plane 14 from FIG. 2b; FIG.

4a is a schematic side view of a fiber-reinforced load distribution head according to another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4b shows a schematic sectional view along sectional plane IVb-IVb from FIG. 4a; FIG.

Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of a fiber-reinforced load distribution head according to another embodiment of the invention; a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a portion of a fiber-reinforced drive shaft according to another embodiment of the invention;

7a is a perspective view of a portion of a drive shaft according to another embodiment of the invention; Fig. 7b is a plan view of a longitudinal end of a portion of a drive shaft according to this embodiment;

Fig. 8a is a perspective view of a portion of a load distribution head according to another embodiment of the invention;

8b is a plan view of a longitudinal end of a portion of a load distribution head according to this embodiment;

Fig. 8c is a second perspective view of a portion of a load distribution head according to this embodiment;

9a is a perspective view of a portion of a load distribution head in conjunction with a load distribution head according to another embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 9b is a plan view of a longitudinal end thereof according to this embodiment;

Fig. 9c is a second perspective view thereof according to this embodiment; and

Fig. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of the same according to this embodiment. Fig. 1 shows parts of a system, the or a device that can be used for the erfmdun gs like a Ösenwickelverfahren. An end region of a winding device 2 with a winding end 4 is shown. Winding end 4 has a plurality of hooks or eyes 6, 6 ', of which only two are shown here. These eyelets are resiliently mounted in the illustrated embodiment by means of springs 8. Eyelet 6 and eyelet 6 'are arranged substantially orthogonal to each other with respect to their eye opening. In Fig. 1, only one winding end 4 is shown. Winding device 2 has two such winding ends, which are arranged opposite one another at a distance.

According to the erfmdun according to the winding method is also a Stützkem between the Winding ends provided (not shown). Fiber or fibers 10 are applied or wound around this support core in a first direction. As soon as this fiber reaches one of the winding ends 4, this fiber is deflected at one of the eyelets 6, 6 '. This fiber is then again applied in a second direction on the support core or wound around this. The angular orientation of the fiber 10 may change. The fiber reaches the second, not shown, winding end after a certain way. This coil end is substantially identical or at least similar to the coil end shown in FIG. In particular, this winding end is arranged so that the eyelets are closest to the support core. In other words, the eyelets of this winding end to point to the support core. Also at an eyelet of this second winding end, the fiber is now deflected again and then applied again in the direction of the winding end. These steps are now repeated as often as desired, preferably until the fiber 10 is "used up", ie no further continuation of these steps is possible or necessary In principle, a different or changing angular orientation can be selected in each of these steps preferably substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft or of the core.

Preferably, it is also possible that a fiber from one eyelet 6 of a winding end 4 to another eyelet 6 'of the same winding end 4 runs without that it is previously guided along the core to the other end of the winding and deflected there. As a result, for example, an arch structure can be created which directly connects end sections 18 and 18 'or 18' and 18 "of a shaft to one another, which allows a particularly advantageous load or load distribution and thus stability and operational behavior of the shaft and / or the load distribution head. Preferably, this fiber strand is supported by corresponding fiber rope structures (not shown) These structures may be provided on the core or separately.

Preferably, the fibers forming the wave load distribution arms are formed in a preferred cross-sectional shape during and / or after winding. This is preferably done by winding along or in a groove or a shaft (not shown) and / or subsequent shaping, for example by a punch which presses on the fibers, which preferably extend in a shaft. The winding device preferably has appropriate means, such as shaft and / or stamp on.

The support core may for example consist of wax, gypsum, sand, salts, metals, in particular aluminum and / or low-melting metal alloys, for example steel or Inwar, or have these materials. Lost cores, in other words cores that are to remain in the shaft after the winding, are possible - these may in particular relatively cheap and / or lightweight plastics, for example, polystyrene, polyurethane and / or polyvinyl chloride have.

By means of this method, a fiber-reinforced drive shaft is produced. Fig. 2a shows an end portion 42 of such a drive shaft 40, in which the fibers or the fiber windings 10 and 10 'have different angular orientations. Furthermore, the eyelets 6, 6 'on which the fibers 10 and 10' are deflected, shown schematically. Such a drive shaft 40 generally has an axis of symmetry A. FIG. 2b shows a section along plane IIb from FIG. 2a. As can be seen from FIG. 2b, the eyelets 6 are preferably located on the circumference of an imaginary circle 12 and have substantially equal angular distances from each other. In the illustrated embodiment, the winding end 4 six eyelets 6, which have an angular distance of 60 ° to each other. It is also possible that a winding end has 3, 4, 5 or more than 6 hooks or eyes.

In Fig. 3a, an end portion 42 of a fiber-reinforced drive shaft 40 is shown again. Furthermore, an eyelet 6 of a coil end is shown schematically (the other eyelets have been omitted for clarity in this illustration). As shown in FIG. 3 a, eyelet or hook 6 preferably has a first sub-area or holding area 62 and a second sub-area or threading area 64, which are each curved in different directions. This can cause easy threading and a secure hold of the fibers. Although shown only in Fig. 3a, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that one or more of such eyelets 6 may be used in any of the embodiments described herein. Furthermore, an axis of symmetry A of the drive shaft is shown again. Further, the drive shaft made in the described eyelet winding method has at least one end portion with lands 18, 18 'and 18' corresponding to the respective eyelets provided and, in the example shown in Fig. 3a, the winding end has three Eyelets or for that

Eyelet winding methods of the drive shaft 40 shown in Fig. 3a were at this Wickelende only three eyelets used. In other words, it is thus possible to use fewer eyelets, that is, to wrap with fibers than are present at a certain winding end. Advantageously, the drive shaft resulting from the described method is removed from the winding ends, in which it is cut or sawed off in the region of the webs or arms, wherein these are shortened. This is characterized in FIG. 3 a by sectional plane 14.

FIG. 3b schematically shows a sectional view along the cutting edge or plane 14 from FIG. 3a. In such a section, the drive shaft according to the invention has an imaginary circumference 16. Outside this scope are load-adjusting webs 18, 18 ', 18 "arranged (see also Figures 7a and 7b).

In the described Ösenwi disgusting method different fibers can be used. These fibers may advantageously comprise carbon, basalt, glass and / or natural material, and most preferably carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). It is further preferred that the fibers consist essentially of CFRP. These fibers may be preimpregnated with a resin, preferably a synthetic resin. This can mean that they are pre-impregnated with a synthetic resin prior to application to the winding core. The fibers are, so to speak, "wet" before they are applied to the winding core or the support core, but alternatively, the fibers can also be "dry" before being applied to the support core. In such a case, they are not preimpregnated with a synthetic resin. Then it may be advantageous to apply a resin, preferably a synthetic resin to the shaft following the described winding process.

Regardless of whether the fibers are preimpregnated or whether the synthetic resin is applied after winding, it is advantageous that an annealing process subsequently takes place. This is generally achieved by applying a higher temperature, for example by hot air, a microwave oven, an induction heater, a steam heater, an electric heater and / or another heater.

The support core can remain after removal of the drive shaft from the Wi ckelvorrichtung either in the shaft (lost core) or removed. With repeated reference to FIG. 3a, it should be noted that the separation by cutting or sawing along the cutting plane 14 preferably takes place after the curing process. Another preferred embodiment of the eyelet winding method according to the invention includes the provision of other materials. For this purpose, reference is now made to FIG. 6 reference. Fig. 6 shows a partial section through a erfmdungsgemäße drive shaft, which is made with the erfmdungs contemporary eyelet winding method. Two fiber bundles 100 and 100 'are shown. Furthermore, symmetry axis A is shown again. It is thus shown only a half section along a portion of a drive shaft, wherein only the region lying in the Fig. 6 axis of symmetry A is shown. In addition to the fiber strands 100 and 100 ', FIG. 6 shows a rockfall protection 30. Steinschlagschutz 30 kami be formed of a rubber material and / or a plastic material or have such a material. In Fig. 6 it is shown that rockfall protection or protective material 30 is disposed in the inner periphery of the drive shaft. Likewise or additionally, protective material 30 could also be arranged on the outer circumference of the drive shaft. These two areas are the areas which are particularly exposed to external influences, such as impacts by stones. Therefore, it may be advantageous to protect these areas separately in order to increase the resistance of the drive shaft according to the invention and to extend the life of the drive shaft according to the invention.

Likewise, in Fig. 6 support material or Schwingungsdämpfungsmateri al 32 is shown. This is arranged between the fiber layers 100 and 100 '. Preferably, this material is a rubber material and / or a plastic material. It is particularly preferable for this material to use a foam or a honeycomb-like material or a honeycomb-like material. In the embodiment shown, this material 32 is sandwiched. That is, it is sandwiched between two fiber layers 100 and 100 '. The provision of this material can in particular help to protect the drive shaft from resonances or vibrations.

Such protective materials 30 and / or vibration damping materials 32 can be easily applied by the method of the present invention by, for example, applying a first layer of fiber strands 100 '. Subsequently, an additional material is applied, for example the material for vibration damping 32, in order subsequently to continue with the application of fiber material or fiber strands 100. Likewise, one can first by a protective layer 30 on the Applying support core and only then begins with the application of the fibers 100, 100 ', provide an inner protective material 30. Likewise, one can provide after completion of the fiber winding an outer protective material (not shown). The Ösenwickelverfahren invention thus also allows the production of fiber-reinforced drive shafts with the inclusion of other materials, such as materials for vibration damping and protective materials.

A much-used area of a drive shaft, especially a cardan shaft, are the shaft ends, in particular the drive end. In these areas, forces or torques must be transferred from one element to another. Therefore, the exact configuration of these end elements can be important. These end regions preferably comprise a load distribution head. invention

Embodiments of such load distribution heads and their manufacture are shown in Figures 4a-5. Similar to shaft 40, load distribution head 20 can also be formed by means of a winding method from fibers 210 and 21 0 '(or fiber wraps). Likewise, such a load distribution head may have a base region (at 20 and 20 'respectively) and end landlets 22, 22' and 22 "or 24, 24 ', 24", 24 "', 24 '", respectively. The materials are preferably identical to those used for the shaft. In the circumferential direction (see Fig. 4b), these end webs 22, 22 ', 22 "or 24, 24', 24", 24 "', 24"' again at the same angular distance around peripheral circle 1 6 from each other. Distributed around an imaginary circumferential circle 16 end webs are preferably on the inner side. With reference to Figure 5, it will also be understood that an alternative load distribution head 20 'may have more than three such longitudinal ridges. In the example shown in FIG. 5, load distribution head 20 'has four such end webs 24, 24', 24 "and 24" '. Such a load distribution head 20, 20 'can now be connected to the shaft 40. For this purpose, the load distribution head preferably has an outer shape corresponding to the load head receiving region of the shaft. This compound can be done in different ways. Thus, for example, it is possible first to form load-distribution head 20, 20 'in one process, to form drive shaft 40 in a separate process and then to glue these two together.

Alternatively, it is also possible first to form the load distribution head 20, 20 ', and then directly to the drive shaft during the Ösenwickelverfahrens entangle or intertwine. As a result, a particularly strong and resistant connection between these parts can be created.

As shown in Figures 3b and 4b, the end webs 18, 18 'and 18 "of the drive shaft 40 are located outside the circumference of the imaginary circle 16, while the end webs or load distribution arms 22, 22' and 22" of the load distribution head 20 are within the circumference of the imaginary circle 16 are arranged. In this way, these two elements, which are load distribution head 20 and shaft 40, are suitably connected to each other. This is also illustrated in FIGS. 7a-10c. FIGS. 7a and 7b show a perspective view and a plan view, respectively, of one end on region 42 of drive shaft 40 with end webs 1 8, 18 'and 1 8 ".

Figures 8a and 8c show perspective rear and front views, respectively, of a load distribution head 20 with end webs 22, 22 'and 22 ".Forward, centering pin 28 can be seen in Figure 8c, which can be either solid (not shown) or with a cavity Preferably centering pin 28 is formed with corresponding cavity 26. This may have the advantage that a lesser weight can be realized Figure 8b shows a top end view of a load distribution head 20 with the described elements. 8b, end webs 22, 22 'and 22 "do not extend beyond a circumferential boundary of load distribution head 20. Preferably, load distribution head 20 is thus shaped so that it can be fitted in shaft 40. In other words, an inner shape of the drive shaft 40 preferably corresponds to an outer shape of a load distribution head 20. Specifically, for example, the inner shape of a drive shaft 40 may be substantially circular in sectional view, as shown in FIG. 7b, for example. The outer shape of a base portion of a load distribution head 20 may substantially conform to this shape, as schematically illustrated in, for example, FIG. 8b. However, it may also be preferred that an inner shape of the drive shaft 40 and a corresponding outer shape of the base portion of the load distribution head 20 is substantially in the shape of a polyhedron, for example, substantially three, four, five, six, or otherwise shaped have polygonal shape. As a result, it can be very particularly preferred to form a positive connection between shaft 40 and load distribution head 20 and a transmission of torque from one of these elements to the other of these elements is facilitated - similar with so-called Allen keys and screws. In this context, reference is made to the above statements. It is therefore clear to the person skilled in the art that the fitting of the load distribution head 20 in the drive shaft 40 takes place both after the drive shaft has been manufactured and during its course. Figures 9a-10 now show a connection of a drive shaft 40 according to the invention with load distribution head 20. Figures 9a and 9c are front and rear perspective views, respectively, of an end portion 42 of a drive shaft 40 which communicates with load distribution head 20. Figure 9b shows a side elevational view a combination of two such elements. Figure 10 shows a sectional view of such a connection. In all of these figures, it can be seen that end webs 18, 18 'and 18 "of the end portion 42 of the shaft 40 abut directly outside end webs or load distribution arms 22, 22' and 22" of the load distribution head 20. Further, load distribution head 20 centering pin 28 which is hollow, so seen from the other side recess 26 has. Preferably Appen prefer preferably Endstege 1 8, 18 ', 18 "of the end portion 42 of the shaft 40 with corresponding load distribution arms 22, 22', 22" of the load distribution head 20. E solcl c Überlip ung exceeds preferably 90% and in particular 95% of the length of individual bridges. Due to the overlap of the load distribution arms 22, 22 ', 22 "with the webs 18, 1 8', 1 8" arise new structures, which are referred to as Wellenlastverteilungsarme. In general, a cross-sectional area through a wave load distribution arm should be approximately equal to a corresponding cross-sectional area through another wave load distribution arm. As a total cross-sectional area of the wave load distribution arms in particular the sum of the cross-sectional areas of all well enlastvertei development arms understood along a sectional plane. As a shaft cross-sectional area is understood in particular a cross-sectional area of the massive portion of a wave along a cutting plane. Preferably, an overall cross-sectional area of the wave load distribution arms should be larger, more preferably at least 50% larger, most preferably at least 100% larger than a Wellenquerschnittsfl surface. This is achieved in particular by the ratios of the corresponding cross-sectional areas of the arms of the load distribution head 22, 22 'and 22 "and the corresponding cross-sectional areas of the arms of the shaft 18, 18', 18". Such a device, which has a drive shaft 40 and a load distribution head 20 connected thereto in the manner described above and is fiber-reinforced, has markedly improved properties with regard to durability, load capacity and vibration behavior compared to the prior art. The exemplary embodiments described are merely intended for Illustrating the invention. In no way should they be interpreted as limiting the invention. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the individual features described in connection with various preferred exemplary embodiments may be incorporated in or combined with other embodiments. Furthermore, individual features may be omitted. Furthermore, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiment which is equivalent to those claimed in the claims is also within the scope of the invention.

It will be further understood by those skilled in the art that whenever expressions, features, numerical values, or ranges are used in conjunction with terms such as "about, about, substantially, generally, at least," etc., the exact or exact For example, the term "about 3" should also include "3" and a term such as "substantially radial" should also include "radial." The term "or" is intended to encompass expressions, features, numerical values, or ranges. " means about this "and / or".

Claims

claims

A fiber-reinforced drive shaft, preferably a propeller shaft, wherein the fibers comprise carbon, basalt, aramid, glass, and / or natural material, with a load distribution head fixedly connected to the drive shaft, the load distribution head comprising carbon fiber reinforced plastic.

2. Drive shaft according to claim 1, wherein the fibers comprise carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), and which preferably consists essentially of CFRP.

3. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fibers comprise at least one thermoplastic material and / or a thermosetting material.

4. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fibers have different angular orientations, wherein the fibers are preferably

Have angle alignments between 0 ° and 90 °, preferably between 0 ° and 1 5 °, more preferably between 0.5 ° and 9 ° and most preferably between 0.5 ° and 5 °.

5. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the load distribution head consists essentially of CFRP.

6. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding aspects, wherein the load distribution Ko f has a base portion and load arms and wherein the shaft a

Lastverteilun has a head receiving area, preferably a for

Load distribution head has complementary shape with corresponding arms of the drive shaft, which in combination with the arms of the

Load distribution head form Welleniastverteilungsarme.

7. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the load distribution head is glued to the drive shaft or an integral part of the drive shaft and is preferably integrally wound or braided.

8. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding claims, which has a failure area on the load distribution head or in an environment of the load distribution head, wherein the failure area is preferably formed at a connection point between the drive shaft and load distribution head.

9. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the load distribution head has 3 or more load arms.

10. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the load distribution head has an integrated centering pin.

1 1. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding claims, which in an environment of a load distribution head fibers with angular orientations of 60 ° to 90 °, preferably 70 ° to 90 °, more preferably 80 ° to 90 ° and most preferably 85 ° to 89.5 °.

12. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding claims, comprising in an environment of a load distribution head cross-sectional enlargement by an accumulation of fibers.

13. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one vibration damping material, such as a rubber material and / or a plastic material, preferably a foam and / or a honeycomb-like material, which is preferably arranged between an inner and an outer fiber layer.

14. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the drive shaft comprises a protective material, such as a rubber material and / or a plastic material, which is preferably arranged outside or inside of the drive shaft.

15. Drive shaft according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the plastic material ethylene propylene diene rubber, polyurethane, polyethylene, polyolefms,

Polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl chloride and / or polytetrafluoroethene.

16, drive shaft according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a hard disk is fixedly connected to the drive shaft.

17. Drive shaft according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one end has at least 2, preferably at least 3, more preferably at least 4 extensions for length compensation, which are preferably coated., The coating of the extensions for length compensation particularly preferably Teflon, galvanic coatings and / or metal sleeves.

1 8. An eyelet winding method for producing a fiber-reinforced drive shaft comprising the steps of:

a. Providing a winding device with 2 winding ends, each

at least 2, preferably at least 3 eyelets have;

b. Providing a support core substantially between the coil ends; c. Providing at least one fiber;

d. Applying the fiber to the support core in a first angular orientation; e. Deflecting the fiber at an eyelet at one of the coil ends;

f. Applying the fiber on or around the support core in a second

Angular orientation, which may be different from the first; H. Applying the fiber to the support core in a third angular orientation that may be different from the foregoing; and

i. any repetition of the steps c.-h., whereby the angular orientations can be chosen arbitrarily in each step and whereby thereby the

Drive shaft is created.

19. Ösenwickelverfahren according to claim 18, with the step: remaining of the

Support core in the drive shaft or removing the support core from the

Drive shaft.

20. eyelet winding method according to claim 18 or 19 and additionally with the step:

Cutting off or sawing off a portion of the drive shaft in an environment of at least one of the winding ends.

21. An eyelet winding method according to any one of claims 18-20, wherein at least one, preferably all eyelet (s) is resiliently mounted on a winding end.

22. eyelet winding method according to any one of claims 18-21, wherein the

Angular orientations of the fiber from steps d., F., H. and i. at least for big ones Parts of the Ösenwickelverfahrens in a range of 0 ° to 15 °, preferably 0 ° to 9 °, more preferably 0.5 ° to 9 ° and most preferably between 0.5 ° and 5 °.

23. Ösenwickelverfahren according to any one of claims 17-22, wherein a

Load distribution head is wrapped so that it forms an integral part of the drive shaft at one end of a longitudinal side.

24. eyelet winding method according to any one of claims 17-23 and additionally comprising the step of applying at least one further material, wherein this material can be applied in the radial direction below the fiber material, between layers of the fiber material and / or above the fiber material.

25. Fiber-reinforced drive shaft, which is produced from a method according to any one of claims 17-24 or is produced.

26. Ösenwickelvorrichtung for producing a fiber-reinforced drive shaft according to one of claims 1 to 16 and 25 and / or for carrying out a

An eyelet winding method according to any one of claims 17 to 24.