WO2014078921A1

WO2014078921A1 - Multi-mode generator and method for generating non-polluting electricity using the chimney effect and non-polluting fuel

Info

Publication number: WO2014078921A1
Application number: PCT/BR2012/000563
Authority: WO
Inventors: José Alves NETO
Original assignee: Erfox - Empresa De Energia Renovável Do Futuro Ltda.
Priority date: 2012-11-21
Filing date: 2012-12-13
Publication date: 2014-05-30
Also published as: BR102012029539A2

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for generating renewable non-polluting electricity using non-polluting fuel obtained by electrolyzing water, combined with the movement of air within a vertical wind tunnel, using blades to capture the mechanical energy from the wind and transferring said energy to the axle of an alternator, thereby generating clean electricity.

Description

MULTI ODAL PROCESS AND GENERATOR FOR GENERATION OF NON-POLLUTANT ELECTRICITY THROUGH CHIMNEY AND NON-POLLUTANT FUEL EFFECT

The present invention relates to a non-polluting electrical energy generation system from water electrolysis using the "chimney effect" rising gas phenomenon in a vertical wind tunnel.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In recent years there has been an intense effort to develop alternative sources of energy that will eventually replace the fossil fuel generation matrix, such as solar and wind, which has been occupying increasing rates throughout the global generation matrix.

Notwithstanding the results already achieved, the complete replacement of the fossil fuel energy matrix still lacks more sources to secure large-scale supply from a largely abundant and renewable substance that is not yet environmentally friendly. The contributions provided so far offer solutions that partially address the issue. For example, fuel alcohol is limited to planted area and if there is a growing demand, this area will have to be increased which means an advance over natural areas such as forests; In addition, the increase in planted area for fuel alcohol production could in the future compete with food production.

Another new alternative is the use of electric energy as a source of vehicular motive energy. The promising results found point to a significant contribution of electric energy as a source of driving motor vehicles, as already happens with trains and trolleybuses. Electricity has a low environmental impact when, generated from renewable resources, however, fossil fuels that use fossil fuels are potential pollutants of the environment, in addition to an increase in electricity.

REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) Demand for the shortage of fossil fuels could endanger urban / industrial supplies and thus become competitive.

The criticism currently made of the solutions described above is that of offering scale in a clean and non-aggressive manner. In any case, alternative forms of energy such as wind, for example, make up secondary contributions that together will make up a new framework for future energy generation. However, replacing the energy matrix of fossil fuels still imposes the need for other sources capable of producing clean energy that will add to existing clean sources and supply a scale comparable to fossil fuels.

One solution that points to good results is the use of hydrogen as fuel gas. Currently, the development of techniques for producing hydrogen as a fuel gas is based on water electrolysis, an extremely abundant source on the planet. Molecular hydrogen reacts readily with oxygen to form water and with the production of a considerable amount of calories, however, for the time being electrolytic techniques have not yet been developed to the point where it can be massively employed in the generation of hydrogen fuel gas. It is a conviction that in the future such techniques will allow the use of hydrogen as a fuel, but present solutions that bring us closer to this future are still missing.

OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to use a catalyst to destabilize the ionic bonding of water by producing "oxydric gas" through electrolysis, using it to generate heat source within a vertical tunnel, this will cause an air mass displacement where The wind speed will be sufficient to rotate the blades of a wind generator, thus generating electrical energy. Another object of the present invention is the continuous production of combustible gas from water using the electricity generated by it.

REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) In the process and as there will be a positive energy balance, the surplus will be injected into the system for consumption. In this way it is possible to:

(1) Produce environmentally friendly and 100% renewable gas.

(2) Gas produces electricity, promoting social well-being and meeting the industry deficit, thus generating thousands of new jobs.

Characterization in relation to other methods of the same purpose.

Comparisons with current methods for plants larger than 20 MW a) Nuclear: High deployment cost, expensive and complex maintenance.

b) Hydroelectric: High cost of implementation, environmental impact with flooded areas, shortage of hydraulic potential for use, very displaced from the load center.

c) Thermoelectric - coal or diesel: High cost, environmentally condemned, dirty energy, including deadlines given by governments and international agencies for decommissioning, as they are responsible for 90% of carbon monoxide emissions, which pollute the air contaminates the soil. and groundwater, as well as fuels are becoming increasingly expensive.

d) the destabilizing Molecular Orbital H ₂ 0 is based on the production of energy through the water from anywhere, through a simple, cheap and technologically correct process, based on electrolysis. The process is 100% environmentally friendly as there is no pollutant in the turbine tower, only steam, the GR unit releases 100% water vapor.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Figure 1 illustrates the mixing and homogenization step according to the process of the present invention;

Figure 2 illustrates the electrolysis step of the aqueous solution according to the process of the present invention;

Figure 3 illustrates the gas storage step according to the process of the present invention;

Figures 4A-G illustrate views of the tower of the present invention and comprising the power generation and distribution step;

REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) Figure 5 illustrates a schematic of the general process according to the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention will be described in terms of its preferred embodiment, however, certain modifications and or changes will become apparent from the description provided herein; such modifications and or changes are therefore within the scope of the presently claimed scope. Process description

The process consists of four steps: mixing and homogenization of the aqueous solution (figure 1); Aqueous Solution Electrolysis (Figure 2), Gas Storage (Figure 3), Power Generation and Distribution (Figure 4), and General System Process (Figure 5).

1 - Homogenization of the aqueous solution.

The process begins with the capture and treatment of water to be used in electrolysis. Water can come from any source (rain, spring, residential system, rivers, sea, etc.), provided there is a treatment for the removal of impurities and / or desalination. After capture, water is stored in a tank (1).

For sufficient electrolysis, water is mixed with nontoxic electrolyte (2), in the proportion of 99.8% water and 0.2% electrolyte. The electrolyte has the main function to destabilize the molecular orbit, and secondary to make the aqueous solution conductive. Mixing takes place in a mixer tank (3). The PH analyzer (4) is responsible for reading the water and electrolyte ratio of the solution and the programmable logic controller (5) modulates the water inlet valve <6) and the electrolyte inlet valve (7) according to the PH. In this control, the tank level (3) is also taken into account by reading the level transmitter (8). The recirculation pump (9) and the recirculation valve (10) ensure greater homogenization of the solution. High level (11) and low level (12) alarms are for security.

REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) The recirculation pump (9) is also responsible for transferring the solution to the electrolyser (figure 2). The transfer is approximately 20 l / h to a 100 kw turbo generator.

2 - Electrolysis of aqueous solution

After mixing and homogenization of the water (Fig 1) is transferred to the electrolyser, where the H ₂ 0 molecule will be separated into two gases: hydrogen and oxygen.

Control valve (13) regulates the inflow of water into the electrolyser lung chamber (26) based on the line pressure (14) at the electrolyser outlet. Control is by the programmable logic controller (15) and the hand valve (16) is for safety purposes. The PLC (15) is also responsible for modulating the recirculation valve (10) in the fluid mixer tank.

"Valve (17) is responsible for water entering the electrolyser level chamber (18). Control is by the PLC (19), based on the level transmitter (20), and the pressure transmitter (35) of the electrolyser. The water level should be maintained in such a way that the electrolyser electrodes (21) remain constantly submerged but also avoid exceeding the optimum level (about 95%) to avoid energy loss. (23) are for safety of such levels Manual valve (24) is for safety purposes Manual valve (25) is for line drain.

After the gases are separated by the electrodes (21), the gases are transferred to a safety submerged low pressure chamber (27) and then to a medium pressure (28). Valves 33 and 34 are for sampling, relief and safety purposes. The release of gas for storage is by valve modulation (29) based on the pressure (30) of the electrolyser outlet. Control is done by PLC (31). Valve (32) is for safety and relief purposes.

3- Gas storage

REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) After electrolysis of water, the gases will be stored in a steel tank (36) for use by the gas turbine. Before being stored, the gases pass through a molecular stabilization tank (37). Hand valves (38), (39) and (40) serve to maneuver the molecular stabilization tank (37). Flow regulator (50) ensures gas transfer in one direction only, avoiding overloading the front of the gas line. The tank can also be filled by a second gas inlet (45) using the manual valve (46) for this operation.

Instruments (41), (42) and (43) are pressure, temperature and density transmitters for monitoring tank status and transferring information to the PLC, which will take action in the event of alarms. Alarms (44) and (47) indicate high pressure and high tank temperature.

Gas is transferred to the turbogenerator via valve 51, which is modulated by the PLC 48 according to tank pressure 36 to prevent overpressure at the turbine inlet (FigA). The hand valve (49) is for safety purposes.

4- Wind tower for power generation

The operation of the ventilation tower for power generation will occur within the physical principle criterion known as "chimney effect". The Tower will have height (H) and uniform diameter (D) depending on the variables defined in the equations related to chimney sizing and natural ventilation processes within the chimney effect. (The equation mainly takes into account the variables: Tower height, air flow, chimney area, internal and external temperature difference). At the base of the tower there will be aero generators in the amount of 04 (52) with diameter (D1) arranged along the circular perimeter of the tower with shaft height of the motors to the threshold height to be defined (H1). Just above the fans at the base, at a height (H2) from the base, is located the reactor (53) which will be run on material

REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) metal, with a high power heat transfer alloy at high melting point in material with high transfer power. Burner nozzles arranged along the longitudinal surface of the alloy will be connected to the inside and outside of this reactor, properly designed according to the firing temperature and characteristics of the oxide gas, which will be the gas adopted in this firing. (54). These burners will have a piping distribution system that will exit through the center of the tower at the bottom and branch along the reactor according to a specific burner design (55).

After the heating of the oxide gas, which will be produced in electrolysis chambers outside the tower, in reactors located above the air intakes, the temperature inside the tower will be high and the temperature inside the tower will be constant and approximately 130 degrees Celsius, which will cause a displacement of this air mass inside the tower towards the top (56). This air mass displacement, generated as a function of the temperature difference between the internal medium (the tower) and the external medium, will have a sufficient air velocity to rotate the aero generator and produce electric energy by the generators located on the blade axis. (57) at a height (H1). The materials that will be used inside the tower must withstand the high temperatures that will be created due to the burning of the gas, as well as the wind speed that will happen all the time. These materials will have the function of thermal, acoustic insulators and also to protect the civil structure of the tower, besides having to keep the constant temperature inside. The structure of this tower will be of a material that supports high temperatures, with great capacity of thermal and acoustic insulation, as well as resistant to the natural forces of pressure and external wind speed (58). At the base of the tower, there will be gaps located in the base structure, for visitation the maintenance inside the tower (59). Part of the energy generated after passing through the air mass tower will be harnessed to feed back the gas generation system in the electrolysis chambers.

REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) (Figure 2) and the surplus will be connected and sold to the electrical system. (Figure 5) -

5 - System Overview

The process overview is summarized according to figure 5 as follows:

A - Homogenization of aqueous solution

B - Access Piping- Going to the electrolysis chamber.

C - Electrolysis of Aqueous Solution.

D - Access Pipe for Interim Gas Storage Tank

E - Provisional storage tank of oxide gas from the water electrolysis process.

F - Gas access piping to the wind tower - Oxygen gas burner system.

G - Wind tower for power generation.

H - Part of the energy generated in the tower will be used to feed back the internal gas generation system in the electrolysis chambers.

I - Excess energy generated by the tower sent for distribution in the electricity grid.

J - Substation that will receive the surplus energy from the tower and which will be commercialized.

K - LPG gas that will always be used at the beginning of the tower operation process (used only once to start tower operation until system stabilization).

L - External generator used to start tower operation process (Used only once to start tower operation until system stabilization).

REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

1 - Process for the generation of non-polluting electric power characterized by comprising the steps of:

• Mixing and homogenization of the aqueous solution;

· Electrolysis of aqueous solution;

• gas storage;

• Heating of the internal gases of the vertical wind tower

• Generation of electricity using rising gases;

This process initially comprises the collection and treatment of water to be used for electrolysis from any source provided that there is a treatment for the removal of impurities and after the collection, the water is stored in a tank (1).

Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises mixing water with a nontoxic electrolyte (2), in the proportion of 99.8% water and 0.2% electrolyte.

Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the electrolyte has the main function of destabilizing the molecular orbit, and secondary to taking the conductive aqueous solution.

Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the mixing takes place in a mixing tank (3) with control of a pH analyzer (4) of the water and electrolyte ratio of the solution.

Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the programmable logic controller (5) modulates a water inlet valve (6) and the electrolyte inlet valve (7) according to the pH.

Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the control monitors the tank level (3) by reading the level transmitter (8).

REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the recirculation pump (9) and the recirculation valve (10) define a condition of greater solution homogenization.

Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the recirculation pump (9) is also responsible for transferring the solution to the electrolyser and the transfer rate is approximately 20 l / h to a 100 kw turbo generator.

Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the control valve (13) regulates the flow of water inlet into the electrolyser lung chamber (26) based on the line pressure (14) at the electrolyser outlet.

Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the control is carried out by the programmable logic controller (15) and the hand valve (16) is for safety purposes.

Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that

PLC (15) also be responsible for modulating the recirculation valve (10) in the fluid mixer tank.

Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve (17) is responsible for the water entering the level chamber (18) of the electrolyser and the control is performed by the PLC (19), based on the level transmitter (20). ), and the chamber pressure transmitter (35).

Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the water level must be maintained such that it does not exceed about 95%.

Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that after the gases are separated by the electrodes (21), the gases are transferred to a submerged low-pressure chamber (27) and then to a medium-pressure chamber (28).

REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the release of the gas for storage is made by modulating the valve (29) based on the pressure (30) of the electrolyser outlet.

Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that after electrolysis of water, the gases will be stored in a steel tank.

(36) for use in the tower reactor.

Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the gases pass through a molecular stabilization tank (37) before being stored.

A non-polluting multimodal power generator comprising a tower on the basis of which aero generators are provided in the amount of 04 units (52) disposed along the circular perimeter of the tower; a reactor (53).

Generator according to claim 18, characterized by a reactor with burner nozzles connected to the inner and outer surface thereof and disposed along the longitudinal surface.

Generator according to Claim 18, characterized by the burning of oxide gas, which will be produced in electrolysis chambers located outside the tower, the temperature inside the tower will be constant at approximately 130 ° C, which will cause a displacement of this. air mass inside the tower towards the top (56).

Generator according to Claim 18, characterized in that the air mass displacement generated as a function of the temperature difference between the internal and external environment establishes sufficient air velocity to rotate the aero generator and produce electrical energy. by the generators located on the blade axis (57).

Generator according to claim 18, characterized in that the energy generated after the passage of the air mass tower will generate energy

REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) With higher gain losses, it will have enough energy to feed back the system for gas generation in the electrolysis chambers and the surplus will be connected and sold to the electric system.

REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26)