WO2015145476A1 - Deformable actuating device with coaxial configuration - Google Patents
Deformable actuating device with coaxial configuration Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015145476A1 WO2015145476A1 PCT/IT2015/000077 IT2015000077W WO2015145476A1 WO 2015145476 A1 WO2015145476 A1 WO 2015145476A1 IT 2015000077 W IT2015000077 W IT 2015000077W WO 2015145476 A1 WO2015145476 A1 WO 2015145476A1
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- Prior art keywords
- concentric layers
- electro
- actuating device
- active
- coaxial
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- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002595 Dielectric elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004118 muscle contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 57
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003365 myofibril Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102000007469 Actins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010085238 Actins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000003505 Myosin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108060008487 Myosin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000036982 action potential Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003050 axon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000028161 membrane depolarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003387 muscular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002520 smart material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/02—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing linear motion, e.g. actuators; Linear positioners ; Linear motors
- H02N2/06—Drive circuits; Control arrangements or methods
- H02N2/065—Large signal circuits, e.g. final stages
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/50—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices having a stacked or multilayer structure
- H10N30/506—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices having a stacked or multilayer structure of cylindrical shape with stacking in radial direction, e.g. coaxial or spiral type rolls
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
- H10N30/857—Macromolecular compositions
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Abstract
A deformable actuating device (1) with coaxial configuration is described, comprising: at least one structure (3) with concentric layers coaxial with respect to at least one longitudinal axis (A- A) composed of an at least partial alternated overlapping with at least two electro-active concentric layers (3a) coaxial with said longitudinal axis (A-A), and of at least three conductive concentric layers (3b) coaxial with said longitudinal axis (A-A); at least one controlling and managing system (5) adapted to supply each of such electro-active concentric layers (3a) with at least one different current/voltage value (V1, V2, V3, V4,..., Vn), said current/voltage values (V1, V2, V3, V4,..., Vn being mutually independent.
Description
DEFORMABLE ACTUATING DEVICE WITH COAXIAL CONFIGURATION
The present invention refers to a deformable actuating device, in particular of the type based on electro-active polymers, such as for example dielectric elastomers, with coaxial configuration
From an analysis of multi-criteria selection of the different families of electro-active polymers known in the art, it has been detected that dielectric elastomers are the best trade-off between deformability and maximum stress which they are able to apply. In virtue of their operating principle, these polymeric "smart materials" behave as linear actuators: in response to the application of a voltage, they get deformed, developing a force along a plan, mainly along a direction, if suitably pre-deformed.
In particular, electro-active polymers are currently considered the most suitable materials for making artificial muscles, with applications in the biomedical environment such as active
prostheses, rehabilitation supporting systems,, for making haptic interfaces, namely interfaces capable of returning a physical feedback to the user, as well as they can find application in audio or optical (autofocus systems) fields, micro- mechanics, screens of flexible solar panels.
Depending on the features of the above materials, the art proposes some solutions of deformable actuators. In particular:
- US20120139393 and EP2323188 disclose a multilayer device composed of eight conductive concentric layers and eight polymeric layers in which actuation is based on the application of the same potential difference on all layers;
WO200729275 discloses a multi-layer device obtained by bending a single layer onto itself and in which the applied potential is only one and the same on every bend, obtaining only an actuation resulting in a contraction along the axial direction of the device itself;
- WO2012099854 discloses an actuator which obtains a sliding movement produced by the elongation of the device electrode fastened to a first film of dielectric material with
respect to a second film of dielectric material. To obtain a better elongation or a greater mechanical response, it is necessary to use a high number of such actuators;
- WO2010149385 discloses a multi-layer device obtained by rolling the single layers onto a rigid/semi-rigid (square or rectangular) support. The thereby obtained multi-layers can be connected in series or stacked;
- WO2006121818 discloses various structures, which can be made with electro-active polymers, among which a fiber structure composed of concentric electrodes separated by a dielectric, which however is lacking fiber stimulation selectivity or the variable application of different tensions for every concentric 1ayer .
Devices are also known in the art, which are based on the "unimorph cantilever" operating principle, in which a layer of a dielectric elastomer is coupled with a passive layer, obtained when performing a simple flexure.
Object of the present invention is solving the above prior art problems, by providing a deformable actuating device with coaxial configuration capable
of exploiting the operating principle of electro- active polymers, and in particular of dielectric elastomers, to produce a complex deformation.
Another object of the present invention is providing a deformable actuating device with coaxial configuration, which has a structure with concentric layers lacking passive layers.
Moreover, an object of the present invention is providing a deformable actuating device with coaxial configuration, composed of at least one structure with concentric layers, in which every layer is supplied with mutually independent and potentially different voltage/current values, allowing to obtain deformations, both as elongation and as flexure, varying as regards direction and amount, by simply changing such voltage/current values .
Another object of the present invention is providing a deformable actuating device with coaxial configuration capable of performing an accurately controllable actuation according to the needs dictated by the specific application, and in which such actuation can be reversed, namely can be made along two directions, and can be accurately adjusted, providing a high versatility of use for
the device itself.
Moreover, an object of the present invention is providing a deformable actuating device with coaxial configuration in which the structure with concentric layers allows reducing the voltages to be applied on the single layers, providing a strong advantage for the safety of the device itself, above all in applications in which there is a direct interaction by the user.
Another object of the present invention is providing a deformable actuating device with coaxial configuration comprising a plurality of such multi- layer structures, each of which being able to be controlled independently from the others, allowing to obtain a selective hierarchical recruiting of such multi- layer structures.
Moreover, an object of the present invention is providing a deformable actuating device with coaxial configuration in which the structure has concentric layers in order to exploit a greater interface surface area between electrode and polymeric dielectric, consequently increasing the functional efficiency of the device itself with respect to prior art multi-layer structures with planar configuration.
Another object of the present invention is providing a deformable actuating device with coaxial configuration in which the structure with concentric layers allows simulating as much as possible the structure and the behavior of natural muscle bundles.
The above and other objects and advantages of the invention, as will appear from the following description, are obtained with a deformable actuating device with coaxial configuration as claimed in claim 1.
Preferred embodiments and non-trivial variations of the present invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.
It is intended that all enclosed claims are an integral part of the present description.
It will be immediately obvious that numerous variations and modifications (for example related to shape, sizes, arrangements and parts with equivalent functionality) can be made to what is described, without departing from the scope of the invention as appears from the enclosed claims.
The present invention will be better described by some preferred embodiments thereof, provided as a non-limiting example, with reference to the
enclosed drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows a top perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the structure with concentric layers of the device according to the present invention;
Figure 2 shows a front sectional view of the structure with concentric layers of Figure 1;
Figure 3 shows a longitudinally sectioned view of the structure with concentric layers of Figure 1;
Figure 4 shows a block diagram which schematically shows the device according to the present invention;
Figures 5a and 5b show side views of the structure with concentric layers of the device according to the present invention in two operating positions thereof;
Figures 6a and 6b respectively show a functional block diagram and an electric diagram of a preferred embodiment of the controlling and managing system of the device according to the present invention; and
Figure 7 shows a perspective view of a preferred variation of a component of the device according to the present invention.
With reference to the Figures, it is possible to note that the deformable actuating device 1 with coaxial configuration according to the present invention comprises:
- at least one structure with concentric layers 3 coaxial with respect to at least one longitudinal axis A-A composed of an at least partial alternated overlapping of at least two electro-active concentric layers 3a coaxial with such longitudinal axis A-A, each of which is preferably made of any dielectric material, and of at least three conductive concentric layers 3b coaxial with such longitudinal axis A-A, each of which is preferably made of any conductive material;
- at least one controlling and managing system 5 adapted to supply each of such electro-active concentric layers 3a with a distinct current/voltage value Vi , V2 , V3 , V4 , ..., Vn , such current/voltage values Vx, V2, V3, V4,..., Vn being mutually independent, so that every electro-active concentric layer 3a performs a different deformation depending on the related current/voltage value Vi , V2 , V3 , V4 , ... , Vn with which such electro-active concentric layer 3a is supplied by such controlling and managing system 5.
As known, muscles are composed of bundles of muscular fibres in turn composed of bundles of myofibrils, each myofibril being characterized by thick filaments of myosin molecules and thin filaments of actin molecules: the mutual interaction between such types of filaments is responsible for the muscle contraction mechanism, namely the mutual sliding of filaments. The stimulus to muscle contraction arrives at the muscle mainly through the axon of a motion, inducing the freeing of the in the excitable membrane of the fibre; the action potential which results therefrom propagates to the whole surface of the membrane and to all its intro- flexures which, as offshoots, reach contractile fibres/fibrils at a depth. The depolarization of the membrane implies the activation of an increase of the permeability to calcium ions contained inside the myofibrils, which, together with the hydrolysis mechanism of the ATP molecule, are mandatory for the contraction phenomenon, favouring the sliding and consequently the contraction of the filaments and of the related innerved muscle.
In order to simulate as much as possible the structure and the behavior of natural muscle
bundles, such structure 3 with concentric layers advantageously has a coaxial configuration, such electro-active concentric layers 3a and such conductive concentric layers 3b being adapted to perform an actuation movement related to the longitudinal axis A-A of such structure 3 - with concentric layers along both directions, simulating the behavior assumed by filaments during the muscle contraction phenomenon.
Preferably, the dielectric material, of which each of such electro-active concentric layers 3a is made, is at least one electro-active polymer and, still more preferably, at least one dielectric elastomer: according to the operating principle of dielectric elastomers, the coaxial deformation along the axis of such structure 3 with concentric layers increases upon increasing the applied voltage. Advantageously, therefore, by supplying each electro-active concentric layer 3a with a related current/voltage value V_, V2, V3, V4,..., Vn, such values being regulated by the controlling and managing system 5 in order to be mutually different, every electro-active concentric layer 3a performs a corresponding coaxial elongation, different depending on the current/voltage value
Vi, V2, V3, V4,..., Vn with which it is supplied.
Advantageously, in such structure 3 with concentric layers with coaxial configuration, the surface interface area between electrode and polymeric dielectric is greater with respect to the known planar configuration of a. deformable actuating device, inducing an increase of the deformation force exerted by such deformable actuating device 1 with coaxial configuration with a voltage value lower than or at most equal to the one applied to the deformable actuating device with planar configuration.
In particular, such actuating movement along the longitudinal axis A-A of such structure 3 with concentric layers consists in an elongation and/or a shortening of the structure 3 with concentric layers, inducing the mutual sliding of such electro-active concentric layers 3a on such conductive concentric layers 3b.
It is clear that such deformable actuating device 1 with coaxial configuration, applying a deformation force, is adapted to induce an elongation and/or a shortening of such structure 3 with concentric layers depending on a value of applied voltage.
With reference to Figures FIGG. 6a and 6b, it is possible to note a preferred embodiment of the controlling and managing system 5 of the device 1 according to the present invention adapted to supply with voltage such electro-active concentric layers 3a of the structure 3 with concentric layers. In particular, such controlling and managing system 5 comprises:
electric supply means 7, composed for example of at least one electric battery or of a connection to the electric distribution mains.;
at least one regulating means 9 of the voltage supplied to such electric supply means 7 and cooperating with at least one processing means 11 such as, for example, a microcontroller;
at least one converter means 13 of DC/DC current adapted to provide the different voltage values Vi , V2 , V3 , V4 , ... , Vn to the respective connectors 15 connected to the related electro- active concentric layers 3a of the structure 3 with concentric layers by interposing at least one controlling means of the voltage 17.
Then, with particular reference to Figures 5a and 5b, it is possible to note that, starting from a rest position of the structure 3 with concentric
layers (like the one, for example, shown in Figure 5a) and supplying every electro-active concentric layer 3a with a different current/voltage value Vi , V2 , V3 , V4 , ... , V„ so that Vi > V2 > V3 > V4 > Vn , a gradient of coaxial deformation is obtained along the structure with concentric layers 3 with a total resulting actuation of the structure 3 with concentric layers, composed of an elongation along such longitudinal axis A-A of such structure 3 with concentric layers, of a shortening along a perpendicular axis to such longitudinal axis A-A of such structure 3 with concentric layers, and of a rotation thereof (as shown in detail in Figure 5b) .
Advantageously, therefore, the control of the current/voltage applied on the single electro- active concentric layers 3a allows obtaining an actuation which combines elongation, shortening and flexure. Moreover, the resulting deformation can be modified at will: it is in fact possible to obtain a flexure varying as regards direction and amount, without modifying the structure of the deformable actuating device 1 with coaxial configuration, by simply intervening on the currents/voltages through a selective recruiting, modulating the activation of the single electro-active concentric layers 3a,
the number of single activated electro-active concentric layers 3a, and the force intensity of such actuation. This allows having a high versatility in using the device 1 according to the present invention, for example in the textile field (Wearable Technology) by making layers made of electro-active polymers woven inside pieces of clothing, or for example in the biomedical field through the use of such deformable actuating device 1 with coaxial configuration in active prostheses or in rehabilitation supporting systems.
Another advantage is the chance of reducing, in particular, the applied voltages of one order of magnitude (from 3-4 kV to 300-400 V of the prior art device) . In spite of the high voltages, the working currents are very small (order of μΑ) and danger for a man in case of break-down is limited.
As shown in Figure 7 , such deformable actuating device 1 with axial configuration has a second preferred embodiment, being equipped with a plurality of structures 3 with concentric layers, controlled" ad supplied with current/voltage by such managing and controlling system 5.
Such selective recruiting of the single layers allows, by controlling the values of applied
Claims
1. Deformable actuating device (1) with coaxial configuration comprising:
at least one structure (3) with concentric layers coaxial with respect to at least one longitudinal axis (A-A) composed of an at least partial alternated overlapping with at least two electro-active concentric layers (3a) coaxial with said longitudinal axis (A-A) , and of at least three conductive concentric layers (3b) coaxial with said longitudinal axis (A-A) ;
at least one controlling and managing system (5) adapted to supply each of said electro-active concentric layers (3a) with a different current/voltage value (Vi, V2, V3, V4,..., Vn) , said current/voltage values (Vi, V2, V3, V4,..., Vn) being mutually independent, each one of said electro- active concentric layers (3a) being adapted to perform at least one different deformation depending on a related current/voltage value (Vi, V2, V3, V4/..., Vn) with which said electro-active concentric layer (3a) is supplied by said controlling and managing system (5) ;
characterized in that said current/voltage values (Vi, V2, V3, V4,..., Vn) are mutually
different, and in that said current/voltage values (Vi, V2, V3, V4,..., Vn) are such that Vi > V2 > V3 > V4 > Vn.
2. Deformable actuating device (1) with coaxial configuration according to the previous claim, characterized in that said deformation induces a mutual sliding of said electro-active concentric layers (3a) on said conductive concentric layers (3b) , simulating at least one physiologic phenomenon of muscle contraction.
3. Deformable actuating device (1) with coaxial configuration according to claim 1, characterized in that each of said electro-active concentric layers (3a) is made of a dielectric material.
4. Deformable actuating device (1) with coaxial configuration according to the previous claim, characterized in that said dielectric material is at least one electro-active polymer.
5. Deformable actuating device (1) with coaxial configuration according to the previous claim, characterized in that said electro-active polymer is at least one dielectric elastomer.
6. Deformable actuating device (1) with coaxial configuration according to claim 1, characterized in that said controlling and managing system (5)
comprises :
electric supply means (7) ;
at least one regulating means (9) of a voltage supplied by said electric supply means (7) and cooperating with at least one processing means (11);
at least one converter means (13) of DC/DC current adapted to supply said different voltage values (Vi, V2, V3 , V4,..., Vn) to respective connectors (15) connected to related electro-active concentric layers (3a) by interposing at least one controlling means (17) of the voltage.
7. Deformable actuating device (1) with .coaxial configuration according to claim 1, characterized in that said deformation can be modified at will by intervening on said curren /voltage value, through at least one selective recruiting of said single electro-active concentric layers (3a) .
8. Deformable actuating device (1) with coaxial configuration according to any one of the previous claims, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of said structures (3) with concentric layers .
9. Deformable actuating device (1) with coaxial configuration according to the previous claim,
characterized in that it is adapted to modulate, through at least one , selective hierarchical recruiting, at least one deformation of each of said electro-active concentric layers (3a) of each of said structures (3) with concentric layers, and simultaneously at least one deformation of said plurality of said structures (3) with concentric layers .
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITTO2014A000241 | 2014-03-24 | ||
| ITTO20140241 | 2014-03-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2015145476A1 true WO2015145476A1 (en) | 2015-10-01 |
Family
ID=50982997
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IT2015/000077 WO2015145476A1 (en) | 2014-03-24 | 2015-03-24 | Deformable actuating device with coaxial configuration |
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| Country | Link |
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| WO (1) | WO2015145476A1 (en) |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4384230A (en) * | 1980-11-06 | 1983-05-17 | United Technologies Corporation | Digital piezoelectric actuator |
| US20020130673A1 (en) * | 2000-04-05 | 2002-09-19 | Sri International | Electroactive polymer sensors |
| US20040217671A1 (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2004-11-04 | Sri International, A California Corporation | Rolled electroactive polymers |
| WO2006121818A2 (en) | 2005-05-05 | 2006-11-16 | Rodrigo Alvarez Icaza Rivera | Dielectric elastomer fiber transducers |
| WO2007029275A1 (en) | 2005-09-05 | 2007-03-15 | Federico Carpi | Electroactive polymer based actuator, sensor and generator with folded configuration |
| WO2010149385A1 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-12-29 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Electro-active elastomer actuator and method for the production thereof |
| EP2323188A2 (en) | 2009-11-16 | 2011-05-18 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Electroactive polymer actuator and method of manufacturing the same |
| US20120139393A1 (en) | 2010-12-07 | 2012-06-07 | Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Yonsei University | Electroactive polymer actuator and method of manufacturing the same |
| WO2012099854A1 (en) | 2011-01-18 | 2012-07-26 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Frameless actuator apparatus, system, and method |
-
2015
- 2015-03-24 WO PCT/IT2015/000077 patent/WO2015145476A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4384230A (en) * | 1980-11-06 | 1983-05-17 | United Technologies Corporation | Digital piezoelectric actuator |
| US20020130673A1 (en) * | 2000-04-05 | 2002-09-19 | Sri International | Electroactive polymer sensors |
| US20040217671A1 (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2004-11-04 | Sri International, A California Corporation | Rolled electroactive polymers |
| WO2006121818A2 (en) | 2005-05-05 | 2006-11-16 | Rodrigo Alvarez Icaza Rivera | Dielectric elastomer fiber transducers |
| WO2007029275A1 (en) | 2005-09-05 | 2007-03-15 | Federico Carpi | Electroactive polymer based actuator, sensor and generator with folded configuration |
| WO2010149385A1 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-12-29 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Electro-active elastomer actuator and method for the production thereof |
| EP2323188A2 (en) | 2009-11-16 | 2011-05-18 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Electroactive polymer actuator and method of manufacturing the same |
| US20120139393A1 (en) | 2010-12-07 | 2012-06-07 | Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Yonsei University | Electroactive polymer actuator and method of manufacturing the same |
| WO2012099854A1 (en) | 2011-01-18 | 2012-07-26 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Frameless actuator apparatus, system, and method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| KOFOD ET AL: "Multilayer coaxial fiber dielectric elastomers for actuation and sensing", APPLIED PHYSICS A, vol. 102, no. 3, 13 October 2010 (2010-10-13), pages 577 - 581, XP019881783, ISSN: 1432-0630, DOI: 10.1007/S00339-010-6066-5 * |
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