WO2016075509A1 - Method for producing oil by selective steam injection using a gel plug - Google Patents

Method for producing oil by selective steam injection using a gel plug Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016075509A1
WO2016075509A1 PCT/IB2014/065928 IB2014065928W WO2016075509A1 WO 2016075509 A1 WO2016075509 A1 WO 2016075509A1 IB 2014065928 W IB2014065928 W IB 2014065928W WO 2016075509 A1 WO2016075509 A1 WO 2016075509A1
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Prior art keywords
oil
well
steam
plugging
production
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PCT/IB2014/065928
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Cesar RODRÍGUEZ
Rómulo SOTO
Jesús BETANCOURT
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Summit Energy Sas
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Priority to PCT/IB2014/065928 priority Critical patent/WO2016075509A1/en
Publication of WO2016075509A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016075509A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the production of oil by selective injection of steam by gel plugging.
  • the present invention relates to a process for oil production by selective steam injection in order to achieve steam stimulation of the less permeable zone, to achieve efficient drainage of the hydrocarbons present therein, by means of a plug of gel, which manages to separate it from the preferential injection zone.
  • the object and purpose of the present invention is to extend the productive life of a well or for wells that have been completed.
  • the present invention has application within the area of oil exploitation in finished wells.
  • the present invention relates to a production of oil by selective injection of steam by gel plugging.
  • the technology is aimed at establishing a selective steam injection, directed at intervals that have not yet received an adequate volume of steam.
  • the present invention is based on performing the injection or placement of a developed capping gel, in a section of the gravel packing, chosen after a thorough study, with the aim of drastically reducing the permeability of the packing in said section, in order to divert the steam injection into the other intervals, which have not been contacted.
  • Another oil recovery technology is based on the temporary isolation of areas with foams, but this system is also expensive and therefore is commonly disposed of as well as being ineffective due to thermal degradation and phase coalescence, as well as generating changes in wettability. Wettability is the ability of a liquid to spread and leave a trace on a solid.
  • Another methodology for extracting or recovering additional oil is by insulating with gaskets, but it is applicable only in tubed, cemented and cannulated wells.
  • Cyclic steam injection is well known, in fact it is the most common of thermal recovery processes applied to heavy, very viscous crudes in shallow formations. Is economically attractive, low initial investment and rapid return of it, due to the results of the treatment that are evident in a few weeks. It is of general application with small risks and proven satisfactory results.
  • US Patent US 4,986,352 to Alameddine defines a method for intermittent steam injection comprising termination of wells in more than one area and the selection of a number of wells as steam injectors. According to this, the injection phase is followed by purging and thereafter, the producers are closed and, in some other cases, the injectors are put into production. However, due to the consistency of the walls of the well, it is not enough to effectively complete the well, so once it has been closed, the well does include additional oil to extract, but for costs, it is not finished .
  • Thermal energy is supplied to a reservoir by injecting water vapor, which helps increase its natural energy because steam reduces the viscosity of the oil as a result of the increase in temperature, allowing it to flow more easily and improve the mobility ratio.
  • the present invention solves new forms of oil extraction termination that, due to their cost, have already been closed but are not sufficiently terminated and thus extend the productive life of a well or one that has declined its production and has ceased to be profitable.
  • the present invention relates to a process for oil production by selective steam injection in order to achieve steam stimulation of the less permeable zone, to achieve Efficient drainage of the hydrocarbons present in it, by placing a gel plugger, which manages to separate it from the preferential area.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a schematic view of the oil extraction sequence.
  • Figure 1b illustrates a schematic view of the sequence of a well undergoing steam injection.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a schematic view of the sequence of oil extraction after steam injection.
  • Figure 2a illustrates a schematic view of the first positioning of the pipe with the upper and lower gaskets for the placement of the plugging gel, according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2b illustrates a schematic view of the second positioning and placement step of the plugging gel, according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2c illustrates a schematic view of the third positioning step where the plugging gel has already been placed, according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 defines oil extraction by steam injection in a first preference section created from the location of a gel that delimits steam injection according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a schematic view of the oil extraction after being subjected to selective steam injection from the location of a plugging gel that delimits the steam injection according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 defines different oil extraction options by selective steam injection according to the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to a process for the production of oil by selective steam injection by placing a plugging gel.
  • the present invention relates to a process for oil production by selective steam injection in order to achieve steam stimulation of the less permeable zone, to achieve efficient drainage of the hydrocarbons present therein, by placing a gel plugger, which manages to separate it from the preferential steam receiving area and thus extend the productive life of a well or to the wells that have been completed.
  • the present invention is conceptualized to be applied in two scenarios:
  • a first scenario refers to when the well cuts a deposit with a large thickness of sand, where there are differentiated but hydraulically communicated flow units, different pressure gradients can be detected, which allows one of them to produce preferably, if all are completed. at the same time, as part of the production training. Additionally, the marked vertical heterogeneity favors the preferential entry of steam towards some of the intervals, which are the ones that contribute most of the production, giving rise to the differential drainage of this type of deposits and as a consequence the interval that is not stimulated remains With its reserves almost intact.
  • the second scenario occurs when the well crosses several lenses separated by impermeable barriers and is completed simultaneously in their vapors.
  • the steam is also preferably directed only at some of the intervals, the others remaining almost unchanged.
  • a gel plugger In order to achieve steam stimulation of the less permeable area (s), to achieve efficient drainage of the hydrocarbons present in it (s), a gel plugger is located, which manages to separate it ( s) of the preferential injection zone. As such, the gel has characteristics of a plugging sludge and is injected during the workover of the well to prepare it for the next steam cycle.
  • the technology is aimed at establishing a selective injection of steam, aimed at intervals that have not yet received an adequate volume because they meet any of the restrictive conditions mentioned in the scenarios described above.
  • the process of the present invention comprises according to Figure 1, the extraction of oil that includes steam injection.
  • Figure 1 Schematically, a well section is illustrated in Figure 1 which includes a perforated oil extraction pipe located in a well with a high propensity to sand production.
  • the ideal condition for steam injection refers to a well comprising oil sands 1 between shale seals 2, which acts as a barrier that prevents the escape or migration of oil out of the reservoir. Additionally, the well includes gravel gaskets 3 that surrounds and protects the well by forming an expanded hole 5 in an underground formation.
  • Said well comprises a slotted tube or liner 6 and concentrically, said slotted tube 6, comprises the oil extraction or production pipe 7.
  • steam 8 is injected to form steam zones 9 to extract the oil 1 1 as illustrated in figure 1 c.
  • the preferential section of the well is determined to reduce or minimize the steam injection, placing or placing a plug that manages to separate the injection from the preferential zone.
  • the plugging gel is applied by the extraction pipe 7.
  • the pipe 7 is moved between the well with a perforated section 8 between two gaskets (upper and lower ) that act to contain or confine the gel, and to be located in the preferential zone to be clogged adjacent to the zone of the shale seal 2, between the oil sands 1 in the perforation 4, as illustrated in Figure 2a.
  • the plugging sludge 10 is introduced, exceeding the slotted tube 6 so that said plugging sludge is deposited, covering the gravel packing as illustrated in Figure 2b.
  • the plugging sludge is moved to be placed between the gaskets 9 leaving the plugging gel 10 filling the gravel gasket 3 and sealing the annular wall configured between the shale seal zone 2 and the grooved tube 6 as illustrated in Figure 2c .
  • the plugging gel 10 has been located, as illustrated in Figure 3, the steam is injected through the injection pipe 7 between the slotted tube 6 towards the oil sands 1 as indicated in the flow 8 by arrows incoming forming steam zones 9 in the oil sands 1.
  • the steam is injected, it is soaked and then the well is ready for production, recovering the injected steam, converted into hot water, plus the formation oil. Therefore, steam is selectively injected to heat the flow of oil from oil sands 1 and evacuate it efficiently as indicated by crude oil exit arrows 1 1 in Figure 4. The steam is only directed towards the preferential zone due to that the plug 10 prevents the passage to another section.
  • the steam 8 is selectively injected forming steam zones 9 by means of a gel plug 10, to soak and then arrange the well for production, recovering the oil from the formation.
  • this gel plug can be placed or placed in as many sections as necessary and the steam is selectively injected for oil extraction.
  • the production of oil by selective injection of the steam by means of a gel plugger is provided, in order to achieve steam stimulation of the less permeable zone, to achieve efficient drainage of the hydrocarbons present in it , by means of a gel plugger, which manages to separate it from the preferential zone and thus extend the productive life of a well or for the wells that have been finished.
  • the process for producing oil in a well comprises:
  • a third step where once the plugging gel 10 has been located, the steam is injected through the injection pipe 7 between the slotted tube 6 towards the oil sands 1 forming steam zones (9) in the oil sands 1;

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing oil by selective steam injection using a gel plug. The invention especially relates to a method for producing oil by selective steam injection, with the aim of stimulating the least permeable zone with steam, in order to be able to efficiently drain the hydrocarbons present therein, using a gel plug which allows it to be separated from the preferential injection zone. The aim and purpose of the invention is to extend the productive life of a well or for the wells that have been completed.

Description

PROCESO PARA PRODUCCIÓN DE PETRÓLEO POR INYECCIÓN SELECTIVA DEL VAPOR MEDIANTE TAPONANTE DE GEL  PROCESS FOR OIL PRODUCTION BY SELECTIVE VAPOR INJECTION BY GEL PLUG
D E S C R I P C I O N D E S C R I P C I O N
OBJETO DE LA INVENCION. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a un proceso para producción de petróleo por inyección selectiva del vapor mediante taponante de gel. Particularmente, la presente invención se refiere a un proceso para producción de petróleo por inyección selectiva del vapor con el fin de lograr la estimulación con vapor de la zona menos permeable, para lograr el drenaje eficiente de los hidrocarburos presentes en ella, mediante un taponante de gel, que logra separarla de la zona preferencial de inyección. El objeto y finalidad de la presente invención es extender la vida productiva de un pozo o para los pozos que han sido terminados. The present invention relates to a process for the production of oil by selective injection of steam by gel plugging. Particularly, the present invention relates to a process for oil production by selective steam injection in order to achieve steam stimulation of the less permeable zone, to achieve efficient drainage of the hydrocarbons present therein, by means of a plug of gel, which manages to separate it from the preferential injection zone. The object and purpose of the present invention is to extend the productive life of a well or for wells that have been completed.
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓN. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención tiene aplicación dentro del área de explotación petrolera en pozos terminados. Particularmente, la presente invención se refiere a un producción de petróleo por inyección selectiva del vapor mediante taponante de gel. Según la presente invención, la tecnología está orientada a establecer una inyección selectiva del vapor, dirigida a los intervalos que todavía no han recibido un volumen adecuado de vapor. La presente invención está basada en realizar la inyección o colocación de un gel taponante desarrollado, en una sección del empaque de grava, escogida tras un minucioso estudio, con el objetivo de reducir drásticamente la permeabilidad del empaque en dicha sección, a fin de desviar la inyección de vapor hacia los otros intervalos, que no han sido contactados. ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN. The present invention has application within the area of oil exploitation in finished wells. Particularly, the present invention relates to a production of oil by selective injection of steam by gel plugging. According to the present invention, the technology is aimed at establishing a selective steam injection, directed at intervals that have not yet received an adequate volume of steam. The present invention is based on performing the injection or placement of a developed capping gel, in a section of the gravel packing, chosen after a thorough study, with the aim of drastically reducing the permeability of the packing in said section, in order to divert the steam injection into the other intervals, which have not been contacted. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Aunque en los últimos años ha mejorado en gran medida la eficacia de la explotación petrolera, estos desarrollos no evidencia la eficaz completación de un pozo, que por costos se ha desechado, aún cuando el mismo puede producir petróleo adicional. En consecuencia, los proceso de extracción del estado de la técnica no son eficaces y no contemplan una real completación del pozo. El arte anterior, ha desarrollado varias metodologías o tecnologías que permiten optimar la inyección de vapor en pozos, orientadas al mayor recobro de petróleo, siendo las más conocidas, el taponamiento de formaciones con cementos, silicatos, geles, pero recae en costos adicionales que no son viables en relación al beneficio del petróleo extraído, además que la zona según se ha valorado, ha sido inhabilitada para procesos de inyección continua. Although the efficiency of oil exploitation has greatly improved in recent years, these developments do not evidence the effective completion of a well, which has been discarded for costs, even though it can produce additional oil. Consequently, the state of the art extraction processes are not effective and do not contemplate a real completion of the well. The prior art has developed several methodologies or technologies that allow the optimization of steam injection in wells, aimed at greater oil recovery, being the best known, the clogging of formations with cements, silicates, gels, but lies in additional costs that do not they are viable in relation to the benefit of the extracted oil, in addition that the area as it has been valued, has been disabled for continuous injection processes.
Otra tecnología de recobro de petróleo esta basada en el aislamiento temporal de zonas con espumas, pero este sistema también es costoso y por tanto se deshecha comúnmente además de ser poco efectivo por degradación térmica y coalescencia de fases, además que puede generar cambios de mojabilidad. La mojabilidad es la capacidad que tiene un líquido de extenderse y dejar una traza sobre un sólido. Otro metodología de extracción o recuperación de petróleo adicional es mediante el aislamiento con empaquetaduras, pero es aplicable sólo en pozos entubados, cementados y cañoneados. Another oil recovery technology is based on the temporary isolation of areas with foams, but this system is also expensive and therefore is commonly disposed of as well as being ineffective due to thermal degradation and phase coalescence, as well as generating changes in wettability. Wettability is the ability of a liquid to spread and leave a trace on a solid. Another methodology for extracting or recovering additional oil is by insulating with gaskets, but it is applicable only in tubed, cemented and cannulated wells.
La inyección cíclica de vapor es bien conocida, de hecho es el más común de los procesos de recuperación térmica aplicados a crudos pesados, muy viscosos en formaciones someras. Es económicamente atractiva, de baja inversión inicial y rápido retorno de la misma, en virtud de los resultados del tratamiento que son evidentes en pocas semanas. Es de aplicación general con pequeños riesgos y resultados satisfactorios comprobados. Cyclic steam injection is well known, in fact it is the most common of thermal recovery processes applied to heavy, very viscous crudes in shallow formations. Is economically attractive, low initial investment and rapid return of it, due to the results of the treatment that are evident in a few weeks. It is of general application with small risks and proven satisfactory results.
La patente de Estado Unidos US4'986.352 de Alameddine, define un método para la inyección de vapor intermitente que comprende terminación de pozos en más de una zona y la selección de un número de pozos como inyectores de vapor. Según esta anterioridad, la fase de inyección es seguido por purga y a partir de entonces, se cierran los productores y, en algunos otros casos, los inyectores son puestos en producción. No obstante, debido a la consistencia de las paredes del pozo, esta no es suficiente para completar de manera efectiva el pozo, por lo que una vez se ha cerrado, el pozo si comprende petróleo adicional para extraer, pero por costos, no se termina. US Patent US 4,986,352 to Alameddine, defines a method for intermittent steam injection comprising termination of wells in more than one area and the selection of a number of wells as steam injectors. According to this, the injection phase is followed by purging and thereafter, the producers are closed and, in some other cases, the injectors are put into production. However, due to the consistency of the walls of the well, it is not enough to effectively complete the well, so once it has been closed, the well does include additional oil to extract, but for costs, it is not finished .
Todos los petróleos pesados, extra pesados o bitúmenes, poseen su propia relación de temperatura-viscosidad, pero todos siguen la tendencia de reducir la viscosidad al aumentar la temperatura. All heavy oils, extra heavy or bitumens, have their own temperature-viscosity ratio, but all follow the tendency to reduce viscosity with increasing temperature.
Este comportamiento se emplea como base del proceso y sirve para aumentar el recobro natural durante la fase de producción primaria. Se suministra energía térmica a un yacimiento inyectando vapor de agua, lo que ayuda a aumentar su energía natural porque el vapor reduce la viscosidad del petróleo como consecuencia del aumento de la temperatura, permitiendo que este fluya más fácilmente y que mejore la razón de movilidad. This behavior is used as the basis of the process and serves to increase the natural recovery during the primary production phase. Thermal energy is supplied to a reservoir by injecting water vapor, which helps increase its natural energy because steam reduces the viscosity of the oil as a result of the increase in temperature, allowing it to flow more easily and improve the mobility ratio.
La inyección alternada de vapor tiene su mejor aplicación es en yacimientos someros de gran espesor, pozos perforados con espaciamientos cortos y crudos pesados y altamente viscosos. Ahora estos yacimientos también tienen como características que pertenecen a formaciones poco consolidadas, con alta propensión a la producción de arena, por lo que usualmente los pozos que en ellos se perforan, están completados con elementos mecánicos que restringen el paso de la misma. Estos son por lo general una combinación de tubos ranurados y empaques con grava, que actúan como filtros de la arena. The alternate injection of steam has its best application is in shallow deposits of great thickness, wells drilled with short and heavy and highly viscous crude spacings. Now these deposits also have characteristics that belong to poorly consolidated formations, with a high propensity to sand production, so that the wells that are drilled in them are usually completed with mechanical elements that restrict the passage of the same. These are usually a combination of grooved pipes and gravel gaskets, which act as sand filters.
Una vez determinado el pozo de inyecta un volumen cuidadosamente calculado de vapor, por un periodo comprendido entre una y tres semanas. Después de la inyección se cierra el pozo y se deja en remojo por unos pocos días, con el propósito de permitir que el vapor caliente la formación productora y se disperse uniformemente alrededor del pozo, reduciéndose la viscosidad del petróleo. Luego se abre el pozo a producción. Estos pasos secuenciales constituyen un ciclo de inyección de vapor. Once the well is injected, a carefully calculated volume of steam is injected, for a period between one and three weeks. After the injection, the well is closed and left to soak for a few days, in order to allow the steam to heat the production formation and spread evenly around the well, reducing the viscosity of the oil. Then the well to production is opened. These sequential steps constitute a steam injection cycle.
No obstante, una vez se ha equilibrado el costo de inyección de vapor y extracción en relación con el de producción de petróleo, el pozo se cierra y se determina como completado o terminado. However, once the cost of steam injection and extraction has been balanced in relation to that of oil production, the well is closed and determined as completed or completed.
Por tanto, la presente invención soluciona nuevas formas de terminación de extracción de petróleo que por su costo, ya han sido cerrados pero no son suficientemente terminados y así extender la vida productiva de un pozo o aquel que ha declinado su producción y ha dejado de ser rentable. Therefore, the present invention solves new forms of oil extraction termination that, due to their cost, have already been closed but are not sufficiently terminated and thus extend the productive life of a well or one that has declined its production and has ceased to be profitable.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a un proceso para producción de petróleo por inyección selectiva del vapor con el fin de lograr la estimulación con vapor de la zona menos permeable, para lograr el drenaje eficiente de los hidrocarburos presentes en ella, mediante la colocación de un taponante de gel, que logra separarla de la zona preferencial. The present invention relates to a process for oil production by selective steam injection in order to achieve steam stimulation of the less permeable zone, to achieve Efficient drainage of the hydrocarbons present in it, by placing a gel plugger, which manages to separate it from the preferential area.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES.
Para aclarar más la invención y sus ventajas comparadas con el arte conocido, se describen a continuación con la ayuda de las figuras anexas, las posibles formas de realizaciones ilustrativas y no limitativas de la aplicación de dichos principios. To further clarify the invention and its advantages compared to the known art, the possible forms of illustrative and non-limiting embodiments of the application of said principles are described below with the help of the attached figures.
La Figura 1 a ¡lustra una vista esquemática de la secuencia de la extracción de petróleo. Figure 1 illustrates a schematic view of the oil extraction sequence.
La Figura 1 b ¡lustra una vista esquemática de la secuencia de un pozo sometido a inyección de vapor. Figure 1b illustrates a schematic view of the sequence of a well undergoing steam injection.
La Figura 1 c ¡lustra una vista esquemática de la secuencia de la extracción de petróleo luego de la inyección de vapor. Figure 1 illustrates a schematic view of the sequence of oil extraction after steam injection.
La Figura 2a ¡lustra una vista esquemática del primer posicionamiento de la tubería con los empaques superior e inferior para la colocación del gel taponante, según la presente invención. Figure 2a illustrates a schematic view of the first positioning of the pipe with the upper and lower gaskets for the placement of the plugging gel, according to the present invention.
La Figura 2b ¡lustra una vista esquemática del segundo paso de posicionamiento y colocación del gel taponante, según la presente invención. La Figura 2c ¡lustra una vista esquemática del tercer paso de posicionamiento donde ya ha sido colocado el gel taponante, según la presente invención. Figure 2b illustrates a schematic view of the second positioning and placement step of the plugging gel, according to the present invention. Figure 2c illustrates a schematic view of the third positioning step where the plugging gel has already been placed, according to the present invention.
La Figura 3 define extracción de petróleo mediante inyección de vapor en una primera sección de preferencia creada a partir de la ubicación de un gel que delimita la inyección de vapor según la presente invención. Figure 3 defines oil extraction by steam injection in a first preference section created from the location of a gel that delimits steam injection according to the present invention.
La Figura 4 ¡lustra una vista esquemática de la extracción de petróleo luego de ser sometido a inyección selectiva de vapor a partir de la ubicación de un gel taponante que delimita la inyección de vapor según la presente invención. Figure 4 illustrates a schematic view of the oil extraction after being subjected to selective steam injection from the location of a plugging gel that delimits the steam injection according to the present invention.
La Figura 5 define diferentes opciones de extracción de petróleo mediante inyección de vapor selectiva según la presente invención. Figure 5 defines different oil extraction options by selective steam injection according to the present invention.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION.
La presente invención se refiere a un proceso para producción de petróleo por inyección selectiva del vapor mediante la colocación de un gel taponante. Particularmente, la presente invención se refiere a un proceso para producción de petróleo por inyección selectiva del vapor con el fin de lograr la estimulación con vapor de la zona menos permeable, para lograr el drenaje eficiente de los hidrocarburos presentes en ella, mediante la colocación de un taponante de gel, que logra separarla de la zona preferencialmente receptora de vapor y así extender la vida productiva de un pozo o para la pozos que han sido terminados. La presente invención está conceptualizada para aplicarse en dos escenarios: The present invention relates to a process for the production of oil by selective steam injection by placing a plugging gel. Particularly, the present invention relates to a process for oil production by selective steam injection in order to achieve steam stimulation of the less permeable zone, to achieve efficient drainage of the hydrocarbons present therein, by placing a gel plugger, which manages to separate it from the preferential steam receiving area and thus extend the productive life of a well or to the wells that have been completed. The present invention is conceptualized to be applied in two scenarios:
Un primer escenario se refiere cuando el pozo corta un yacimiento con un gran espesor de arena, donde existen unidades de flujo diferenciadas pero hidráulicamente comunicadas, se pueden detectar distintos gradientes de presión, lo cual permite que una de ellas produzca preferentemente, si todas son completadas al mismo tiempo, como parte de la formación productora. Adicionalmente la marcada heterogeneidad vertical propicia la entrada preferencial del vapor hacia algunos de los intervalos, los cuales son los que aportan la mayor parte de la producción, dando lugar al drenaje diferencial de este tipo de yacimientos y como consecuencia el intervalo que no es estimulado permanece con sus reservas casi intactas. A first scenario refers to when the well cuts a deposit with a large thickness of sand, where there are differentiated but hydraulically communicated flow units, different pressure gradients can be detected, which allows one of them to produce preferably, if all are completed. at the same time, as part of the production training. Additionally, the marked vertical heterogeneity favors the preferential entry of steam towards some of the intervals, which are the ones that contribute most of the production, giving rise to the differential drainage of this type of deposits and as a consequence the interval that is not stimulated remains With its reserves almost intact.
El segundo escenario se presenta cuando el pozo atraviesa varios lentes separados por barreras impermeables y es completado simultáneamente en vahos de ellos. En este grupo de pozos el vapor también se dirige preferentemente solo a algunos de los intervalos, permaneciendo los otros casi inalterados. Estas marcadas diferencias, combinada con una completación sencilla con hueco abierto y empacado con grava, no permiten la inyección de vapor selectivamente, ya que los intervalos permanecen comunicados verticalmente a través del empaque que posee mayor permeabilidad, dirigiéndose siempre el vapor, hacia la zona que le ofrece la menor resistencia. The second scenario occurs when the well crosses several lenses separated by impermeable barriers and is completed simultaneously in their vapors. In this group of wells the steam is also preferably directed only at some of the intervals, the others remaining almost unchanged. These marked differences, combined with a simple completion with open hollow and packed with gravel, do not allow the injection of steam selectively, since the intervals remain communicated vertically through the packaging that has greater permeability, always directing the steam, towards the area that It offers you the least resistance.
Con el fin de lograr la estimulación con vapor de la(s) zona(s) menos permeable(s), para lograr el drenaje eficiente de los hidrocarburos presentes en ella(s), se ubica un taponante de gel, que logre separarla(s) de la zona de inyección preferencial. Como tal, el gel tiene características de un lodo taponante y se inyecta durante el acondicionamiento (workover) del pozo para prepararlo para el siguiente ciclo de vapor. In order to achieve steam stimulation of the less permeable area (s), to achieve efficient drainage of the hydrocarbons present in it (s), a gel plugger is located, which manages to separate it ( s) of the preferential injection zone. As such, the gel has characteristics of a plugging sludge and is injected during the workover of the well to prepare it for the next steam cycle.
La tecnología está orientada a establecer una inyección selectiva del vapor, dirigida a los intervalos que todavía no han recibido un volumen adecuado porque cumplen con cualquiera de las condiciones restrictivas, mencionadas en los escenarios descritos con anterioridad. The technology is aimed at establishing a selective injection of steam, aimed at intervals that have not yet received an adequate volume because they meet any of the restrictive conditions mentioned in the scenarios described above.
Esta consiste en realizar la inyección o colocación de un gel taponante, en una sección del empaque de grava, escogida tras un minucioso estudio, con el objetivo de reducir drásticamente la permeabilidad del empaque en dicha sección, a fin de desviar la inyección de vapor hacia los otros intervalos, que no han sido contactados. Según la presente invención, con base en las figuras, el procedimiento de la presente invención comprende según la figura 1 , la extracción de petróleo que incluye inyección de vapor. This consists of performing the injection or placement of a plugging gel, in a section of the gravel packing, chosen after a thorough study, with the aim of drastically reducing the permeability of the packing in said section, in order to divert the steam injection towards the other intervals, which have not been contacted. According to the present invention, based on the figures, the process of the present invention comprises according to Figure 1, the extraction of oil that includes steam injection.
De manera esquemática, se ¡lustra en la figura 1 una sección de pozo que incluye una tubería de extracción de petróleo perforado ubicado en un pozo con alta propensión a la producción de arena. Schematically, a well section is illustrated in Figure 1 which includes a perforated oil extraction pipe located in a well with a high propensity to sand production.
La condición ideal para la inyección de vapor conforme la secuencia de las figura 1 a, 1 b y 1 c, donde según la presente invención, se refiere a un pozo que comprende arenas petrolíferas 1 entre sellos lutíticos 2, el cual actúa como barrera que impide el escape o migración del petróleo fuera del reservorio. Adicionalmente el pozo comprende empaques de grava 3 que rodea y protege el pozo formando un hoyo ampliado 5 en una formación subterránea. Dicho pozo comprende un tubo ranurado o liner 6 y de manera concéntrica, dicho tubo ranurado 6, comprende la tubería de extracción o producción de petróleo 7. Como se ilustra en la figura 1 b, se inyecta vapor 8 para formar zonas de vapor 9 para extraer el petróleo 1 1 como se ¡lustra en la figura 1 c. The ideal condition for steam injection according to the sequence of Figures 1 a, 1 b and 1 c, where according to the present invention, refers to a well comprising oil sands 1 between shale seals 2, which acts as a barrier that prevents the escape or migration of oil out of the reservoir. Additionally, the well includes gravel gaskets 3 that surrounds and protects the well by forming an expanded hole 5 in an underground formation. Said well comprises a slotted tube or liner 6 and concentrically, said slotted tube 6, comprises the oil extraction or production pipe 7. As illustrated in figure 1 b, steam 8 is injected to form steam zones 9 to extract the oil 1 1 as illustrated in figure 1 c.
Una vez se ha calculado la producción del pozo, se determina la sección preferencial del mismo a reducirle o minimizar la inyección de vapor, ubicando o colocando un taponante que logre separar la inyección de la zona preferencial. Como se ¡lustra en las figuras 2a, 2b y 2c, el gel de taponamiento es aplicado por la tubería de extracción 7. Para tal efecto, se desplaza la tubería 7 entre el pozo con una sección perforada 8 entre dos empaques (superior e inferior) que actúan para contener o confinar el gel, y para ser ubicada en la zona preferencial a taponar adyacente a la zona del sello lutítico 2, entre las arenas petrolíferas 1 en la perforación 4, conforme se ¡lustra en la figura 2a. Una vez ubicada la sección perforada 8 de la tubería 7, se introduce el lodo taponante 10 sobrepasando el tubo ranurado 6 para que dicho lodo taponante se deposite, recubriendo el empaque de grava conforme se ¡lustra en la figura 2b. Seguido, se desplaza el lodo taponante para ser colocado entre los empaques 9 dejando el gel taponante 10 rellenando el empaque de grava 3 y sellando la pared anular configurada entre la zona sello lutítico 2 y el tubo ranurado 6 como se ¡lustra en la figura 2c. Una vez se ha ubicado el gel taponante 10, conforme se ¡lustra en la figura 3, el vapor es inyectado a través de la tubería de inyección 7 entre el tubo ranurado 6 hacia las arenas petroleras 1 conforme se indica en el flujo 8 mediante flechas entrantes formando zonas de vapor 9 en las arenas petroleras 1 . Una vez se ha limitado la zona preferencial mediante el taponamiento ¡lustrado, se inyecta el vapor, se deja en remojo y luego el pozo se dispone a producción, recuperándose el vapor inyectado, convertido en agua caliente, más el petróleo de la formación. Por tanto, se inyecta selectivamente vapor para calentar el flujo de crudo de las arenas petrolíferas 1 y evacuarlo de manera eficiente conforme se indica mediante flechas de salida de crudo 1 1 en la figura 4. El vapor sólo se dirige hacia la zona preferencial debido a que el taponante 10 impide el paso hacia otra sección. Once the production of the well has been calculated, the preferential section of the well is determined to reduce or minimize the steam injection, placing or placing a plug that manages to separate the injection from the preferential zone. As illustrated in Figures 2a, 2b and 2c, the plugging gel is applied by the extraction pipe 7. For this purpose, the pipe 7 is moved between the well with a perforated section 8 between two gaskets (upper and lower ) that act to contain or confine the gel, and to be located in the preferential zone to be clogged adjacent to the zone of the shale seal 2, between the oil sands 1 in the perforation 4, as illustrated in Figure 2a. Once the perforated section 8 of the pipe 7 is located, the plugging sludge 10 is introduced, exceeding the slotted tube 6 so that said plugging sludge is deposited, covering the gravel packing as illustrated in Figure 2b. Next, the plugging sludge is moved to be placed between the gaskets 9 leaving the plugging gel 10 filling the gravel gasket 3 and sealing the annular wall configured between the shale seal zone 2 and the grooved tube 6 as illustrated in Figure 2c . Once the plugging gel 10 has been located, as illustrated in Figure 3, the steam is injected through the injection pipe 7 between the slotted tube 6 towards the oil sands 1 as indicated in the flow 8 by arrows incoming forming steam zones 9 in the oil sands 1. Once the preferential zone has been limited by polishing, the steam is injected, it is soaked and then the well is ready for production, recovering the injected steam, converted into hot water, plus the formation oil. Therefore, steam is selectively injected to heat the flow of oil from oil sands 1 and evacuate it efficiently as indicated by crude oil exit arrows 1 1 in Figure 4. The steam is only directed towards the preferential zone due to that the plug 10 prevents the passage to another section.
Así, sucesivamente una vez se ha agotado esta sección, se procede a la siguiente zona de preferencia y ubican un segundo taponante de gel 10, que logre separarla de la nueva zona preferencial conforme se ¡lustra en la figura 5. Thus, once this section has been exhausted, the next preferred zone is used and a second gel plug 10 is located, which manages to separate it from the new preferential zone as illustrated in Figure 5.
Así las cosas, como se ¡lustra en dicha figura 5, el vapor 8 es inyectado selectivamente conformado zonas de vapor 9 mediante taponante de gel 10, para dejar en remojo y luego disponer el pozo a producción, recuperándose el petróleo de la formación. Thus, as illustrated in said figure 5, the steam 8 is selectively injected forming steam zones 9 by means of a gel plug 10, to soak and then arrange the well for production, recovering the oil from the formation.
En modalidades alternativas, este taponante de gel puede ser ubicado o colocado en tantas secciones como sea necesario y el vapor es inyectado de manera selectiva para la extracción de petróleo. Mediante el proceso de la presente invención, se prevé la producción de petróleo por inyección selectiva del vapor mediante taponante de gel, con el fin de lograr la estimulación con vapor de la zona menos permeable, para lograr el drenaje eficiente de los hidrocarburos presentes en ella, mediante un taponante de gel, que logra separarla de la zona preferencial y así extender la vida productiva de un pozo o para la pozos que han sido terminados. Así las cosas, el proceso para producción de petróleo en un pozo, según la presente invención, comprende: In alternative embodiments, this gel plug can be placed or placed in as many sections as necessary and the steam is selectively injected for oil extraction. By means of the process of the present invention, the production of oil by selective injection of the steam by means of a gel plugger is provided, in order to achieve steam stimulation of the less permeable zone, to achieve efficient drainage of the hydrocarbons present in it , by means of a gel plugger, which manages to separate it from the preferential zone and thus extend the productive life of a well or for the wells that have been finished. Thus, the process for producing oil in a well, according to the present invention, comprises:
Un primer paso de desplazar la tubería 7 entre el pozo, tubería 7 que incluye una sección perforada 8 a ser ubicada en la zona preferencial a taponar adyacente a la zona del sello lutítico 2, entre las arenas petrolíferas 1 ; A first step of moving the pipe 7 between the well, pipe 7 which includes a perforated section 8 to be located in the preferential zone to be clogged adjacent to the zone of the shale seal 2, between the oil sands 1;
Un segundo paso donde se introduce lodo taponante 10 sobrepasando el tubo ranurado 6 para que dicho lodo taponante 10 se deposite, recubriendo el empaque de grava 3;  A second step where plugging mud 10 is introduced by exceeding the slotted tube 6 so that said plugging mud 10 is deposited, covering the gravel packing 3;
Un tercer paso donde se desplaza el lodo taponante 10 para ser ubicado entre empaques 9 dejando el gel taponante 10 rellenando el empaque de grava 3 y sellando la pared anular configurada entre la zona sello lutítico 2 y el tubo ranurado 6;  A third step where the plugging sludge 10 is moved to be placed between gaskets 9 leaving the plugging gel 10 filling the gravel gasket 3 and sealing the annular wall formed between the shale seal zone 2 and the grooved tube 6;
Un tercer paso donde una vez se ha ubicado el gel taponante 10, el vapor es inyectado a través de la tubería de inyección 7 entre el tubo ranurado 6 hacia las arenas petroleras 1 formando zonas de vapor (9) en las arenas petroleras 1 ;  A third step where once the plugging gel 10 has been located, the steam is injected through the injection pipe 7 between the slotted tube 6 towards the oil sands 1 forming steam zones (9) in the oil sands 1;
Un quinto paso donde se deja en remojo el pozo; y,  A fifth step where the well is soaked; Y,
Un sexto paso donde se dispone el pozo a producción, recuperándose el vapor inyectado, convertido en agua caliente, más el petróleo de la formación.  A sixth step where the production well is arranged, recovering the injected steam, turned into hot water, plus the formation oil.
Sólo se han ¡lustrado a manera de ejemplo algunas modalidades preferidas de la invención. En este respecto, se apreciará que el proceso para producción de petróleo por inyección selectiva del vapor, así como los arreglos configúrateos se puede escoger de una pluralidad de alternativas sin apartarse del espíritu de la invención según las siguientes reivindicaciones. Only some preferred embodiments of the invention have been illustrated by way of example. In this regard, it will be appreciated that the process for the production of oil by selective steam injection, as well as the configurations, can be chosen from a plurality of alternatives without departing from the spirit of the invention according to the following claims.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
Proceso para producción de petróleo en un pozo, donde dicho pozo comprende arenas petrolíferas (1 ) entre sellos lutíticos (2); empaques de grava (3) que rodea y protege el pozo formando un hoyo ampliado (5) en una formación subterránea; y, donde la extracción o producción de petróleo incluye un tubo ranurado o liner (6) y de manera concéntrica, dicho tubo ranurado (6), comprende la tubería (7) de extracción o producción de petróleo, donde el proceso está CARACTERIZADO PORQUE comprende: Process for oil production in a well, where said well comprises oil sands (1) between shale seals (2); gravel gaskets (3) that surrounds and protects the well by forming an expanded hole (5) in an underground formation; and, where the extraction or production of oil includes a grooved tube or liner (6) and concentrically, said grooved tube (6), comprises the oil extraction or production pipe (7), where the process is CHARACTERIZED BECAUSE it comprises :
(i). Un primer paso de desplazar la tubería (7) entre el pozo, donde la tubería (7) incluye una sección perforada (8) a ser ubicada en la zona preferencial a taponar adyacente a la zona del sello lutítico (2), entre las arenas petrolíferas (1 ); (¡i). Un segundo paso donde se introduce lodo taponante (10) sobrepasando el tubo ranurado (6) para que dicho lodo taponante (10) se deposite, recubriendo el empaque de grava (3);  (i). A first step of moving the pipe (7) between the well, where the pipe (7) includes a perforated section (8) to be located in the preferential zone to be clogged adjacent to the zone of the shale seal (2), between the sands oil (1); (¡I). A second step where plugging sludge (10) is introduced by exceeding the slotted tube (6) so that said plugging sludge (10) is deposited, covering the gravel packing (3);
(iii) . Un tercer paso donde se desplaza el lodo taponante (10) para ser ubicado entre empaques (9) dejando el gel taponante (10) rellenando el empaque de grava (3) y sellando la pared anular configurada entre la zona sello lutítico (2) y el tubo ranurado (6);  (iii). A third step where the plugging mud (10) is moved to be placed between gaskets (9) leaving the plugging gel (10) filling the gravel gasket (3) and sealing the annular wall formed between the shale seal zone (2) and the slotted tube (6);
(iv) . Un tercer paso donde una vez se ha ubicado el gel taponante (10), el vapor es inyectado a través de la tubería de inyección (7) entre el tubo ranurado (6) hacia las arenas petroleras (1 ) formando zonas de vapor (9) en las arenas petroleras (1 ).  (iv). A third step where once the plugging gel (10) has been located, the steam is injected through the injection pipe (7) between the slotted tube (6) to the oil sands (1) forming steam zones (9 ) in the oil sands (1).
(v) . Un quinto paso donde se deja en remojo el pozo; y, (vi). Un sexto paso donde se dispone el pozo a producción, recuperándose el vapor inyectado, convertido en agua caliente más el petróleo de la formación. (v). A fifth step where the well is soaked; Y, (saw). A sixth step where the production well is arranged, recovering the injected steam, turned into hot water plus the formation oil.
-/- - / -
PCT/IB2014/065928 2014-11-10 2014-11-10 Method for producing oil by selective steam injection using a gel plug WO2016075509A1 (en)

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Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4482015A (en) * 1983-04-14 1984-11-13 Marathon Oil Company Selectively plugging subterranean formations with a hydrocarbon soluble fluid
EP0200062A2 (en) * 1985-05-02 1986-11-05 American Cyanamid Company High temperature profile modification agents and methods for using same
US4799548A (en) * 1987-01-23 1989-01-24 Phillips Petroleum Company Gelable compositions and use thereof in steam treatment of wells
US4974677A (en) * 1989-10-16 1990-12-04 Mobil Oil Corporation Profile control process for use under high temperature reservoir conditions

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4482015A (en) * 1983-04-14 1984-11-13 Marathon Oil Company Selectively plugging subterranean formations with a hydrocarbon soluble fluid
EP0200062A2 (en) * 1985-05-02 1986-11-05 American Cyanamid Company High temperature profile modification agents and methods for using same
US4799548A (en) * 1987-01-23 1989-01-24 Phillips Petroleum Company Gelable compositions and use thereof in steam treatment of wells
US4974677A (en) * 1989-10-16 1990-12-04 Mobil Oil Corporation Profile control process for use under high temperature reservoir conditions

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Title
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