WO2016183130A1 - Polynucleotides and methods for transferring resistance to asian soybean rust - Google Patents
Polynucleotides and methods for transferring resistance to asian soybean rust Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016183130A1 WO2016183130A1 PCT/US2016/031734 US2016031734W WO2016183130A1 WO 2016183130 A1 WO2016183130 A1 WO 2016183130A1 US 2016031734 W US2016031734 W US 2016031734W WO 2016183130 A1 WO2016183130 A1 WO 2016183130A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
- C12N15/8271—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
- C12N15/8279—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, pathogen resistance, disease resistance
- C12N15/8282—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, pathogen resistance, disease resistance for fungal resistance
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/20—Fabaceae or Leguminosae [Pea or Legume family], e.g. pea, lentil, soybean, clover, acacia, honey locust, derris or millettia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/415—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from plants
Definitions
- the present application contains a sequence listing that was submitted in ASCII format via EFS-Web on May 11, 2015, containing the file name 36446_0235U1_SL which is 47,607 bytes in size, created on May 11, 2015, comprises eight sequences, and is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- the present disclosure relates to compositions and methods useful in enhancing pathogen resistance in legume plants, and more particularly in soybean plants, by providing to the plants a gene or gene(s) that are associated with resistance to the causal agent of Asian soybean rust (ASR).
- ASR Asian soybean rust
- the disclosure further relates to polynucleotides capable of enhancing resistance in legumes to ASR and methods of using these polynucleotide sequences to make a transgenic legume plant that is resistant to ASR.
- Soybeans (Glycine max), a major industrial use crop, are also one of the most important protein source crops, and are considered a key food group for preventing disease and optimizing health by many public health organizations including the American Diabetes Association, the American Heart Association and the American Cancer Society.
- Asian soybean rust (ASR) is a major crop disease affecting soybeans and can negatively affect growth and yield. It is caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi and, to a lesser extent, the closely related fungus Phakopsora meibomiae. The disease can cause yield losses ranging from 10-90%.
- the present disclosure relates to compositions and methods for identifying rust resistance genes from legume species and transforming those genes into legume crops or a legume crop species, such as Glycine max, to generate plants that are resistant to ASR.
- isolated polynucleotides comprising a nucleotide sequence that encodes a legume-derived NB-LRR polypeptide having at least 90% amino acid sequence identity to a legume sequence disclosed herein.
- a plant transformed with the polynucleotide displays enhanced resistance to Asian soybean rust when compared to a susceptible plant and/or a non-transformed plant.
- recombinant DNA constructs comprising the polynucleotides described herein.
- polypeptides which can include, consist of, or be encoded by a polynucleotide or sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 -8, and variants thereof.
- a legume crop species e.g., soybean
- the method comprising transforming a legume crop species with a heterologous legume-derived NB-LRR gene that confers disease resistance to a legume crop species disease (e.g., ASR).
- the recombinant DNA construct comprises polynucleotides disclosed herein that encode one or more legume-derived NB-LRR resistance genes that are capable of conferring resistance to a plant disease, such as ASR.
- the polynucleotide comprises one or more non-legume-derived NB-LRR resistance genes and/or non-NB-LRR resistance genes that are capable of conferring resistance to a plant disease.
- the polynucleotides described herein can also comprise any combination of resistance genes.
- the transgenic legume crop plant can comprise one or more agronomic traits.
- transgenic legume crop plant that is stably transformed that comprises the legume-derived NB-LRR polynucleotide that has at least 90% sequence identity to a sequence described herein.
- ASR a plant disease
- an ASR resistant plant e.g., a legume species
- the method comprises transforming a plant cell with a legume-derived NB-LRR resistance gene.
- the method can further comprise regenerating the transformed plant from the transformed plant cell.
- the method comprises growing the transformed plant such that the expression of the legume-derived NB-LRR resistance gene produces a transformed plant that displays enhanced resistance to ASR disease.
- a legume plant that is a progeny from a cross with a legume plant comprising a legume-derived NB-LRR resistance gene described herein.
- methods of assaying a legume plant for disease resistance to a plant disease e.g., ASR.
- the method comprises exposing a portion of the legume plant to a plant pathogen (e.g., Phakopsora pachyrhizi); measuring plant disease symptoms on the legume plant exposed to the plant pathogen; and comparing the plant disease symptoms to a reference standard for disease resistance.
- a plant pathogen e.g., Phakopsora pachyrhizi
- the method comprises conferring resistance to an ASR pathogen (e.g., Phakopsora pachyrhizi) by introgression of a legume-derived NB-LRR resistance gene into germplasm (e.g., a legume crop species) in a breeding program for resistance to ASR.
- the method features a legume-derived NB-LRR resistance gene that encodes an NB-LRR polypeptide.
- the NB-LRR polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 90% homology to a legume-derived NB-LRR polypeptide disclosed herein.
- the method described herein also features a plant transformed with the polypeptide that displays enhanced resistance to ASR when compared to a susceptible plant.
- FIG. 1 illustrates that the CcRppl genetic region in Cajanus cajan was syntenic with genomic regions from Glycine max chromosomes 12 and 9.
- the marker dCAPS 140555 tightly linked to CcRppl in Gi l 9-99 was positioned close to a single syntenic NB-LRR gene (Glymal2g01420) in Glycine max (indicated, "*").
- the CAPS20006 marker which is located in a Cajanus cajan gene, is positioned in the homologous Glycine max gene Glymal2g01420.
- FIG. 2A-2B illustrates the physical and high-resolution genetic map interval of the CcRppl locus (FIG. 2A) and four NB-LRR paralog genes that were identified (FIG. 2B).
- the CcRppl genomic region in the accession Gi l 9-99 contained four NB-LRR paralogs (FIG. 2A).
- the R gene region was narrowed down to a region of 154 Kb encompassing markers dCAPS52491 and SSR2152. They were the most informative recombinants obtained after screening 1141 segregating F2 plants (2282 gametes).
- the gain-of-function interval was delineated by the markers dCAPS52491 and dCAPS239615 and the loss-of-function interval was delineated by the markers dCAPS52491 and SSR2152.
- BAC 3F carried three paralogs (-1, -2 and -3) and BAC 6G carried four paralogs (-1 to -4) (FIG. 2B).
- the most closely linked marker dCAPS140555 was designed from the IQ calmodulin-binding motif containing gene. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
- Asian soybean rust is a threat to world soybean production and is currently addressed by the use of foliar fungicides. Stable and reliable genetic resistance in commercial plant lines is an important feature associated with soybean crop yields, and presently, commercially grown soybean cultivars that are fully resistant to Asian soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, are not available.
- the causal agents of ASR, Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Phakopsora meibomiae infect leaf tissue from a broad range of leguminous plants (at least 31 species in 17 genera; Slaminko et al.
- ASR is a major threat to soybean production
- legume germplasm such as Glycine max
- Glycine max legume germplasm
- R resistance
- NB-LRR nucleotide binding domain leucine-rich repeat
- Plants can defend themselves through a variety of cellular mechanisms. It is currently understood that the plant immune system is made up of receptors on the outside (often called the first tier immunity) and the inside of a cell (often referred to as the second tier immunity). Both sets of receptors can detect and respond to a pathogen. The first tier responds to primary elements of a pathogen resulting in activation of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity. Successful pathogens overcome PAMP-triggered immunity by secreting molecules called "effector proteins” or “effectors” that are either localized to the plant apoplast or are taken up into the plant cell.
- PAMP pathogen-associated molecular pattern
- Effectors manipulate host cell functions to suppress host immune responses in order to facilitate the establishment of infection or to otherwise enhance growth conditions for the pathogen, e.g. by ensuring availability to nutrients.
- Plants have, in some cases, evolved a second tier of immunity in which R gene products recognize the activity of specific effectors resulting in an effector-triggered immunity.
- R genes in plant genomes produce R proteins that recognize specific pathogen effectors.
- the largest class of R genes codes for proteins that contain a nucleotide binding (NB) domain and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains, designated “NB-LRR” and guards the intracellular environment.
- the second class of R genes codes for proteins that consist of an extracellular membrane-anchored LRR domain coupled to a receptor-like domain and is called a receptor-like protein (RLP).
- RLP receptor-like protein
- the RLP class is often coupled to receptor-like kinases and monitors the exterior of a cell.
- R proteins convey disease resistance to a pathogen through either direct binding of pathogen effectors or indirect action of a pathogen effector on a host cell target.
- pathogen effectors can have either an avirulence or virulence effect.
- the virulence activity of effectors is associated with the manipulation of normal host cell functions or the suppression of host immune responses by the pathogen in order to establish successful infection.
- recognition by the corresponding plant R protein activates a host immune or defense response, resulting in programmed cell death and resistance to the pathogen.
- R genes can be rapidly overcome by a pathogen
- successful introgression of several R genes simultaneously can provide durable race-independent resistance to pathogen isolates.
- gene stacking the process of combining two or more genes of interest into a single plant, can be an effective strategy to provide disease resistance.
- An example of successful gene stacking of R genes is the introgression of the Cf-9 resistance locus into tomato in the 1970's, which effectively halted problems with tomato leaf mold caused by Cladosporium fulvum.
- Using classical breeding to generate an effective "stack" of multiple R genes in crops is often hampered by the dominant nature of R genes, and in crops such as soy, the availability of R genes.
- nucleic acids and polypeptides disclosed herein are useful in methods for conferring or enhancing or increasing fungal resistance to a plant (e.g., a legume crop species).
- Methods and compositions disclosed herein may comprise the following polypeptide and polynucleotides sequences:
- SEQ ID NO: 2 CcRppl (polypeptide sequence) (NB-LRR-2)
- SEQ ID NO: 3 NB-LRR-1 (polynucleotide sequence)
- SEQ ID NO: 4 NB-LRR-1 (polypeptide sequence)
- SEQ ID NO: 5 NB-LRR-3 (polynucleotide sequence)
- SEQ ID NO: 6 NB-LRR-3 (polypeptide sequence)
- SEQ ID NO: 7 NB-LRR-4 (polynucleotide sequence)
- SEQ ID NO: 8 NB-LRR-4 (polypeptide sequence)
- compositions and methods disclosed herein are useful in protecting plants from fungal pathogens.
- the interactions between a host and a pathogen can be described in a continuum of "immunity,” to “partial resistance” to "susceptibility.”
- the terms “immunity” or “immune” are used herein to mean the absence of any macroscopically visible disease symptom(s).
- the term “partial resistance” is used herein to mean the presence of macroscopically visible lesions with no or limited sporulation, and/or a reduction in the extent or degree and/or a delay in the progression of any disease symptom(s) and can be, for example, manifested as reduced number of lesions or lesions with a reduction in sporulation.
- the term "susceptibility" or the phrase “lack of resistance” to ASR refers to the occurrence of lesions with sporulation levels equal to or above the sporulation level observed in a reference standard, such as, for example, cultivars Williams or Peking.
- resistance is used herein to mean an absence or reduction of one or more disease symptoms in a plant caused by a plant pathogen. Resistance can mean that disease symptoms, such as, for example, number of lesions, defoliation, and associated yield loss, are reduced, minimized or lessened, when compared to a plant that is susceptible to the disease or a plant that does not contain an effective resistance gene, such as, for example, a NB-LRR gene that reduces one or more disease symptoms. Further, resistance can include the prevention or delay of proliferation of a pathogen (e.g., fungi). In a broad sense, the term “resistance” includes immunity and partial resistance as defined above.
- Plant pathogen or “fungal pathogen” can be used herein to mean fungal pathogens of, for example, the genus Phakopsora, including the species Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Phakopsora meibomiae. These species are known to cause ASR in plants.
- a plant disease or a legume crop species disease, for example, can be ASR.
- Methods of the present disclosure can be carried out, for example, to provide enhanced resistance by Glycine max to the obligate biotrophic fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the main causal agent of ASR, or to Phakopsora meibomiae.
- increased or enhanced resistance to a fungal pathogen may be compared to the response of a susceptible plant, such as, for example, Williams or Peking. Resistance can vary and is related to the proportion (i.e., percent) of disease symptoms (e.g., lesions) observed on a plant or plant part (e.g., leaf). A numerical score or value for immunity, resistance and susceptibility can be given.
- a numerical score for resistance represents the degree of resistance a plant exhibits to a plant disease (e.g., ASR).
- the numerical scores can also be used to compare the degree of resistance, for example, between a plant of interest (e.g., a transgenic legume crop plant) to that of a susceptible plant (e.g., Williams or Peking) or a reference standard.
- Methods and compositions for resistance disclosed herein relate to the isolation of one or more resistance genes from a legume species, and the subsequent transfer of one or more of these resistance genes to another plant, soybeans, for example, to provide resistance to Phakopsora spp. via homologous or heterologous expression.
- the term "disease resistance gene” or “resistance gene” is used herein to mean a gene that encodes a protein or polypeptide capable of enhancing or improving a defense or immune system response in a plant.
- An aspect of the present disclosure comprises the transfer of a functioning R gene to a sexually compatible or incompatible species to produce disease resistance.
- Polypeptides and R genes e.g., NB-LRR polypeptides and NB-LRR genes
- R genes e.g., NB-LRR polypeptides and NB-LRR genes
- R genes can be used alone or in a stack with other R genes or in a stack with non-i? genes (including non-NB-LRR resistance genes) to provide resistance to ASR.
- transgenic approach of the present disclosure therefore can be used alone or in combination with other strategies to produce or confer ASR resistance in plants.
- Other useful strategies include, but are not limited to, blocking the functional activity of effectors, inhibiting the uptake of a pathogen or pathogen factors (e.g., fungi) into the host cell (e.g., plant cell) and/or conventional breeding for resistance.
- a pathogen or pathogen factors e.g., fungi
- Methods of the present disclosure can provide or enhance the resistance of a plant, such that the causal agents of a disease, such as ASR, can no longer reproduce.
- the term "enhance” means to improve, increase, amplify, multiply, elevate and/or raise, thereby reducing one or more disease symptoms.
- plants e.g., soybean
- exhibit an increased resistance to a disease e.g., ASR
- methods described herein can reduce one or more symptoms (i.e., disease symptoms) of a legume plant disease (e.g., ASR).
- a method can comprise exposing a transgenic legume crop plant (e.g., soybean) to a legume plant disease resulting in the transgenic legume crop plant having enhanced resistance to the plant disease.
- the transgenic legume crop plant comprises one or more legume-derived NB-LRR polynucleotides.
- One or more legume-derived NB-LRR polynucleotides may have at least 90% sequence identity to a sequence as disclosed herein.
- plant is used herein to include any plant, tissues or organs (e.g., plant parts). Plant parts include, but are not limited to, cells, stems, roots, flowers, ovules, stamens, seeds, leaves, that can be cultured into a whole plant.
- a plant cell is a cell of a plant, either taken directly from a seed or plant, or derived through culture from a cell taken from a plant. Progeny, variants, and mutants of the regenerated plants are within the scope of the present disclosure, provided that these parts comprise the introduced polynucleotides.
- the plant, plant part, or plant cell is derived from a plant including but not limited to, alfalfa, clover, peas, beans, lentils, lupins, mesquite, carob, soybeans, peanuts, and tamarind.
- the plant is a legume.
- the NB-LRR polypeptide, NB-LRR polynucleotide, and/or NB-LRR resistance gene (or NB-LRR gene) is derived from a legume.
- legumes include, but are not limited to, the genus Phaseolus (e.g., French bean, dwarf bean, climbing bean ⁇ Phaseolus vulgaris), Lima bean ⁇ Phaseolus lunatus), Tepary bean ⁇ Phaseolus acutifolius), runner bean ⁇ Phaseolus coccineus)); the genus Glycine (e.g., Glycine soja, soybeans ⁇ Glycine max (L.))); pea ⁇ Pisum) (e.g., shelling peas (sometime called smooth or roundseeded peas; Pisum sativum); marrowfat pea ⁇ Pisum sativum), sugar pea ⁇ Pisum sativum), also called snow pea, edible-podded pea or mangetout, ⁇ Pisum granda)); peanut ⁇ Arachis hypogaea ), clover (Trifolium spp.), medick ⁇ Medicago), kud
- compositions and methods described herein can result in an agronomically desirable line or variety.
- Agronomic characteristics or traits include, but are not limited to, herbicide tolerance, increased yield, insect control, weed control, pest control, pathogen disease resistance (e.g., fungal, virus, bacterial), high protein production, germination and seedling growth control, enhanced nutrition, environmental stress resistance, increased digestibility, male sterility, flowering time, or transformation technology traits such as cell cycle regulation and/or gene targeting.
- the present disclosure provides a method for screening or assaying legume plants for resistance, immunity, or susceptibility to a plant disease. Determination of resistance, immunity, or susceptibility of a plant to a particular pathogen is known to one skilled in the art.
- a method for screening or assaying legume plants for resistance, immunity or susceptibility to a plant disease comprises exposing a plant cell, tissue or organ (e.g., leaf) to a pathogen (e.g., Phakopsora pachyrhizi) and then determining and/or measuring in the exposed plant, the degree of resistance, immunity and/or susceptibility to a plant disease (e.g., ASR) caused by the pathogen.
- the method can further comprise measuring any observable plant disease symptoms on the plant exposed to the plant pathogen and then comparing the plant disease symptoms to a reference standard to determine the degree or extent of disease resistance.
- Methods of exposing a plant cell, tissue or organ to a pathogen are known in the art. Methods of measuring, comparing, and determining the level of resistance, immunity and/or susceptibility (e.g., plant disease symptoms) to a disease, such as, for example, ASR, caused by the pathogen are also well known in the art.
- the exposed plants can be further assessed to isolate polynucleotides, amino acid sequences and/or genetic markers that are associated with, linked to, and/or confer resistance, immunity or susceptibility of a plant to a particular pathogen or disease.
- Further assessments include, but are not limited to, isolating polynucleotides, nucleic acids, or amino acids sequences from the exposed plant, carrying out an assay of the isolated polynucleotides or nucleic acids, for example, to detect one or more biological or molecular markers associated with one or more agronomic characteristics or traits, including but not limited to, resistance, immunity and/or susceptibility.
- the information gleaned from such methods can be used, for example, in a breeding program.
- nucleic acid refers to a deoxyribonucleotide or ribonucleotide polymer in either single- or double-stranded form, and unless otherwise limited, encompasses known analogues (e.g., peptide nucleic acids) having the essential nature of natural nucleotides in that they hybridize to single-stranded nucleic acids in a manner similar to naturally occurring nucleotides.
- polypeptide peptide
- protein protein
- polypeptides of the present disclosure can be produced either from a nucleic acid disclosed herein, or by the use of standard molecular biology techniques.
- a truncated protein of the present disclosure can be produced by expression of a recombinant nucleic acid of the embodiments in an appropriate host cell, or alternatively by a combination of ex vivo procedures, such as protease digestion and purification.
- nucleic acid comprises the required information, specified by the use of codons to direct translation of the nucleotide sequence (e.g., a legume sequence) into a specified protein.
- a nucleic acid encoding a protein can comprise non-translated sequences (e.g., introns) within translated regions of the nucleic acid or can lack such intervening non-translated sequences (e.g., as in cDNA).
- an isolated or substantially purified polynucleotide or protein composition encompass isolated or substantially purified polynucleotide or protein compositions.
- An “isolated” or “purified” polynucleotide or protein, or biologically active portion thereof, is substantially or essentially free from components that normally accompany or interact with the polynucleotide or protein as found in its naturally occurring environment.
- an isolated or purified polynucleotide or protein is substantially free of other cellular material, or culture medium when produced by recombinant techniques (e.g. PCR amplification), or substantially free of chemical precursors or other chemicals when chemically synthesized.
- an "isolated" polynucleotide is free of sequences (for example, protein encoding sequences) that naturally flank the polynucleotide (i.e., sequences located at the 5' and 3' ends of the polynucleotide) in the genomic DNA of the organism from which the polynucleotide is derived.
- the isolated polynucleotide can contain less than about 5 kb, about 4 kb, about 3 kb, about 2 kb, about 1 kb, about 0.5 kb, or about 0.1 kb of nucleotide sequence that naturally flank the polynucleotide in genomic DNA of the cell from which the polynucleotide is derived.
- a protein that is substantially free of cellular material includes preparations of protein having less than about 30%, about 20%, about 10%, about 5%, or about 1% (by dry weight) of contaminating protein.
- optimally culture medium represents less than about 30%, about 20%, about 10%, about 5%, or about 1 % (by dry weight) of chemical precursors or non-protein-of-interest chemicals.
- Fragments and variants relating to the nucleotide sequences and proteins encoded are within the scope of the present disclosure.
- a "fragment” refers to a portion of the nucleotide sequence or a portion of the amino acid sequence and thus the protein encoded thereby.
- Fragments of a nucleotide sequence can encode protein fragments that retain the biological activity of the native protein and have the ability to confer resistance (i.e., fungal resistance) upon a plant.
- fragments of a nucleotide sequence, that are useful as hybridization probes do not necessarily encode fragment proteins retaining biological activity.
- fragments of a nucleotide sequence can range from at least about 15 nucleotides, about 50 nucleotides, about 100 nucleotides, and up to the full-length nucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptides of the present disclosure.
- a fragment of a nucleotide sequence that encodes a biologically active portion of a polypeptide of the present disclosure can encode at least about 15, about 25, about 30, about 40, or 45 about 50 contiguous amino acids, or up to the total number of amino acids present in a full-length polypeptide of the embodiments (for example, 925 amino acids for the peptide encoded by SEQ ID NO: 1). Fragments of a nucleotide sequence that are useful as hybridization probes or PCR primers generally need not encode a biologically active portion of a protein.
- full-length sequence when referring to a specified polynucleotide, means having the entire nucleic acid sequence of a native sequence.
- Native sequence is used herein to mean an endogenous sequence, i. e., a non-engineered sequence found in an organism's genome.
- a fragment of a nucleotide sequence of the present disclosure can encode a biologically active portion of a polypeptide, or it can be a fragment that can be used as a hybridization probe or PCR primer using methods disclosed below.
- a biologically active portion of a polypeptide conferring resistance can be prepared by isolating a portion of one of the nucleotide sequences of the embodiments, expressing the encoded portion of the protein and assessing the ability of the encoded portion of the protein to confer or enhance fungal resistance in a plant.
- Nucleic acid molecules that are fragments of a nucleotide sequence of the embodiments comprise at least about 15, about 20, about 50, about 75, about 100, or about 150 nucleotides, or up to the number of nucleotides present in a full-length nucleotide sequence disclosed herein (for example, 2,778 nucleotides for SEQ ID NO: 1).
- the term "variants" means substantially similar sequences.
- a variant comprises a deletion and/or addition of one or more nucleotides at one or more sites within the native polynucleotide and/or a substitution of one or more nucleotides at one or more sites in the native polynucleotide.
- a "native" polynucleotide or polypeptide comprises a naturally occurring nucleotide sequence or amino acid sequence, respectively.
- variants of the nucleic acids of the embodiments will be constructed such that the open reading frame is maintained.
- conservative variants include those sequences that, because of the degeneracy of the genetic code, encode the amino acid sequence of one of the polypeptides of the embodiments.
- Naturally occurring allelic variants such as these can be identified with the use of well-known molecular biology techniques, as, for example, with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hybridization techniques as outline below.
- Variant polynucleotides also include synthetically derived polynucleotides, such as those generated, for example, by using site-directed mutagenesis but which still encode a protein of the embodiments.
- variants of a particular polynucleotide of the present disclosure can have at least about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 91 %, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99% or more sequence identity to that particular polynucleotide as determined by sequence alignment programs well known in the art.
- Variants of a particular polynucleotide of the embodiments can also be evaluated by comparison of the percent sequence identity between the polypeptide encoded by a variant polynucleotide and the polypeptide encoded by the reference polynucleotide. Percent sequence identity between any two polypeptides can be calculated using sequence alignment programs known in the art.
- any given pair of polynucleotides of the present disclosure is evaluated by comparison of the percent sequence identity shared by the two polypeptides they encode, wherein the percent sequence identity between the two encoded polypeptides is at least about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99% or more sequence identity.
- Variant protein means a protein derived from the native protein by deletion or addition of one or more amino acids at one or more sites in the native protein and/or substitution of one or more amino acids at one or more sites in the native protein.
- Variant proteins encompassed by some aspects of the present disclosure are biologically active, that is they continue to possess the desired biological activity of the native protein, which is, the ability to confer or enhance plant resistance (i.e., plant fungal pathogen resistance) as described herein. Such variants can result, for example, from genetic polymorphism or from human manipulation.
- Biologically active variants of a native protein of the embodiments can have at least about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99% or more sequence identity to the amino acid sequence for the native protein as determined by sequence alignment programs known in the art.
- a biologically active variant of a protein of the present disclosure can differ from that protein by as few as about 1-15 amino acid residues, as few as about 1-10, such as about 6-10, as few as about 5, as few as 4, 3, 2, or even 1 amino acid residue.
- the proteins disclosed herein can be altered, for example, by including amino acid substitutions, deletions, truncations, and insertions. Methods for such manipulations are known in the art. For example, amino acid sequence variants and fragments of the resistance proteins can be prepared by mutations in the DNA. Methods for mutagenesis and polynucleotide alterations are known in the art.
- Variant polynucleotides and proteins also encompass sequences and proteins derived from mutagenic or recombinogenic procedures, including and not limited to procedures such as DNA shuffling.
- Libraries of recombinant polynucleotides can be generated from a population of related sequence polynucleotides comprising sequence regions that have substantial sequence identity and can be homologously recombined in vitro or in vivo. For example, using this approach, sequence motifs encoding a domain of interest can be shuffled between the protein gene of the present disclosure and other known protein genes to obtain a new gene coding for a protein with an improved property of interest, such as increased ability to confer or enhance plant resistance to a fungal pathogen. Strategies for such DNA shuffling are known in the art.
- polynucleotides described herewith can be used to isolate corresponding sequences from other organisms, particularly other plants. In this manner, methods such as PCR or hybridization can be used to identify such sequences based on their sequence homology to the sequences set forth herein. Sequences isolated based on their sequence identity to the entire sequences set forth herein or to variants and fragments thereof are encompassed by the present disclosure. Such sequences include sequences that are orthologs of the disclosed sequences. The term "orthologs" refers to genes derived from a common ancestral gene and which are found in different species as a result of speciation.
- orthologs Genes found in different species are considered orthologs when their nucleotide sequences and/or their encoded protein sequences share at least about 60%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or greater sequence identity. Functions of orthologs are often highly conserved among species. Thus, isolated polynucleotides that encode for a protein that confers or enhances fungal plant pathogen resistance and that hybridize to the sequences disclosed herein, or to variants or fragments thereof, are encompassed by the present disclosure.
- oligonucleotide primers can be designed for use in PCR reactions to amplify corresponding DNA sequences from cDNA or genomic DNA extracted from any organism of interest.
- Methods for designing PCR primers and PCR cloning are known in the art and are disclosed in Sambrook et al. (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (2d ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Plainview, N.Y.).
- Known methods of PCR include, and are not limited to, methods using paired primers, nested primers, single specific primers, degenerate primers, gene-specific primers, vector-specific primers, partially- mismatched primers, and the like.
- hybridization techniques all or part of a known polynucleotide is used as a probe that selectively hybridizes to other corresponding polynucleotides present in a population of cloned genomic DNA fragments or cDNA fragments (i.e., genomic or cDNA libraries) from a chosen organism.
- the hybridization probes can be genomic DNA fragments, cDNA fragments, RNA fragments, or other oligonucleotides, and can be labeled with a detectable group such as 2 P, or any other detectable marker.
- probes for hybridization can be made by labeling synthetic oligonucleotides based on the polynucleotides of the embodiments. Methods for preparation of probes for hybridization and for construction of cDNA and genomic libraries are known in the art.
- compositions and methods of the present disclosure are useful for modulating the levels of one or more proteins in a plant.
- modulate is used herein to mean an increase or decrease in the level of a protein within a genetically altered (i.e., transformed) plant relative to the level of that protein from the corresponding non-transformed plant (i.e., a plant not genetically altered in accordance with the methods of the present disclosure).
- inhibitor means any decrease in the expression or function of a target gene product, including any relative decrease in expression or function up to and including complete abrogation of expression or function of the target gene product.
- a target gene e.g., R gene
- pathogens e.g., Phakopsora spp.
- ASR a disease e.g., ASR
- the terms “induce” or “increase” as used herein can mean higher expression of a target gene product, such that the level is increased 10% or more, 50% or more or 100% relative to a cell or plant lacking the target gene or protein of the present disclosure.
- expression refers to the biosynthesis or process by which a polynucleotide, for example, is produced, including the transcription and/or translation of a gene product.
- a polynucleotide of the present disclosure can be transcribed from a DNA template (such as into an mRNA or other RNA transcript) and/or the process by which a transcribed mRNA is subsequently translated into a polypeptide or protein.
- gene product can refer to for example, transcripts and encoded polypeptides.
- Inhibition of (or increase in) expression or function of a gene product can be in the context of a comparison between any two plants, for example, expression or function of a gene product in a genetically altered plant versus the expression or function of that gene product in a corresponding, but susceptible wild-type plant or other susceptible plant.
- the expression level of a gene product in a wild-type plant can be absent.
- a "wild-type" plant can be a plant, plant cell or plant part that does not express an exogenous NB-LRR nucleic acid or exogenous NB-LRR protein.
- inhibition of (or increase in) expression or function of the target gene product can be in the context of a comparison between plant cells, organelles, organs, tissues, or plant parts within the same plant or between plants, and includes comparisons between developmental or temporal stages within the same plant or between plants.
- Any method or composition that down-regulates expression of a target gene product, either at the level of transcription or translation, or down-regulates functional activity of the target gene product can be used to achieve inhibition of expression or function of the target gene product.
- any method or composition that induces or up-regulates expression of a target gene product, either at the level of transcription or translation, or increases or activates or up- regulates functional activity of the target gene product can be used to achieve increased expression or function of the target gene or protein. Methods for inhibiting or enhancing gene expression are well known in the art.
- genes and polynucleotides of the present disclosure include naturally occurring sequences as well as mutant or altered forms.
- the proteins disclosed herein also encompass naturally occurring proteins as well as variations, fragments and modified forms thereof. Such variants and fragments will continue to possess the desired ability to confer or enhance plant fungal pathogen resistance.
- mutations made in the DNA encoding the variant or fragments thereof generally do not place the sequence out of the reading frame and optimally will not create complementary regions that could produce secondary mRNA structure.
- the gene or genes of the present disclosure can be expressed as a transgene in order to make plants resistant to ASR.
- the use of different promoters described herein or known to those of skill in the art will allow the gene's expression to be modulated in different circumstances (i.e., the promoters can be selected based on the desired outcome). For instance, higher levels of expression in a particular tissue system or organ (e.g., leaves) may be desired to enhance resistance.
- the entire gene can be inserted (e.g., both native promoter and coding sequence), as a transgene, permitting quick combination with other traits, such as insect or herbicide resistance.
- the nucleic acid sequences can be stacked with any combination of polynucleotide sequences of interest in order to create plants with a desired phenotype.
- This stacking can be accomplished by a combination of genes within a DNA construct, or by crossing one or more plants having transgenes with another plant line that comprises a desired combination.
- the polynucleotides of the present disclosure or fragments thereof can be stacked with any other polynucleotides of the disclosure, or with other genes.
- the combinations generated can also include multiple copies of any one of the polynucleotides of interest.
- polynucleotides of the present disclosure can also be stacked with any other gene or combination of genes to produce plants with a variety of desired trait combinations including and not limited to traits desirable for animal feed such as high oil genes, balanced amino acids, increased digestibility, insect, disease or herbicide resistance, avirulence and disease resistance genes, agronomic traits (e.g, male sterility, flowering time) and/or transformation technology traits (e.g., cell cycle regulation or gene targeting).
- traits desirable for animal feed such as high oil genes, balanced amino acids, increased digestibility, insect, disease or herbicide resistance, avirulence and disease resistance genes, agronomic traits (e.g, male sterility, flowering time) and/or transformation technology traits (e.g., cell cycle regulation or gene targeting).
- stacked combinations can be created by any method including and not limited to cross breeding plants by any conventional or known methodology, or genetic transformation.
- the polynucleotide sequences of interest can be combined at any time and in any order.
- a transgenic plant comprising one or more desired traits can be used as the target to introduce further traits by subsequent transformation.
- the traits can be introduced simultaneously in a co-transformation protocol with the polynucleotides of interest provided by any combination of transformation cassettes.
- the two sequences can be contained in separate transformation cassettes (trans) or contained on the same transformation cassette (cis). Expression of the sequences can be driven by the same promoter or by different promoters.
- a feature of the present disclosure are methods comprising introducing a polynucleotide into a plant.
- introducing refers to presenting to the plant, for example, a polynucleotide.
- the polynucleotide can be presented in such a manner that the sequence gains access to the interior of a cell of the plant, including its potential insertion into the genome of a plant.
- the methods of the present disclosure do not depend on a particular method for introducing a sequence into a plant, only that the polynucleotide gains access to the interior of at least one cell of the plant.
- Methods for introducing polynucleotides into plants are known in the art including, and are not limited to, stable transformation methods, transient transformation methods, and virus-mediated methods.
- transformation is used herein to mean the transfer of, for example, a nucleic acid fragment into the genome of a host organism, resulting in genetically stable inheritance.
- Host organisms containing the transformed nucleic acid fragments are referred to as “transgenic” organisms.
- host cell refers to the cell into which transformation of the recombinant DNA construct takes place and can include a yeast cell, a bacterial cell, and/or a plant cell. Examples of methods of plant transformation include Agrobacterium- mediated transformation and particle-bombardment that then can be used to regenerate a transformed plant by methods known to one skilled in the art.
- a polynucleotide can be transiently or stably introduced into a host cell and can be maintained non-integrated, for example, as a plasmid.
- Stable transformation or “stably transformed” means that the nucleotide construct introduced into a plant integrates into the genome of the plant and is capable of being inherited by the progeny thereof.
- Transient transformation as used herein means that a polynucleotide is introduced into the plant and does not integrate into the genome of the plant or a polypeptide is introduced into a plant.
- Transformation methods as well as methods for introducing polynucleotide sequences into plants can depend on the type of plant or plant cell, i.e., monocot or dicot, targeted for transformation. Suitable methods of introducing polypeptides and polynucleotides into plant cells include, but are not limited to, microinjection, electroporation, direct gene transfer, Lecl transformation and ballistic particle acceleration. As newer methods become available, they can also be applied to the present disclosure as the method of transformation or transfection is not critical.
- the cells that have been transformed can be grown into plants in accordance with conventional ways. These plants can then be grown, and either pollinated with the same transformed strain or different strains, and the resulting progeny having constitutive expression of the desired phenotypic characteristic identified. Two or more generations can be grown to ensure that expression of the desired phenotypic characteristic is stably maintained and inherited and then seeds harvested to ensure expression of the desired phenotypic characteristic has been achieved.
- the transformed seed or transgenic seed having a nucleotide construct or an expression cassette is stably incorporated into their genome.
- the present disclosure encompasses seeds comprising a polynucleotide sequence disclosed herein that can develop into or can be used to develop a plant or plants with increased or enhanced resistance to a pathogen (e.g., fungi) or infection caused by a pathogen as compared to, for example, a wild-type variety of the plant seed.
- a pathogen e.g., fungi
- the present disclosure features seeds from transgenic legume crop plants wherein the seed comprises a polynucleotide disclosed herein.
- the present disclosure can be used for transformation of any plant species, including, but not limited to, monocots and dicots.
- plants of interest include, but are not limited to, corn ⁇ Zea mays), Brassica spp. (e.g., Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea), particularly those Brassica species useful as sources of seed oil, alfalfa (Medicago sativa), rice (Oryza sativa), rye (Secale cereale), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum vulgare), millet (e.g., pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), proso millet (Panicum miliaceum), foxtail millet (Setaria italica), finger millet (Eleusine coracana), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), wheat (Triticum aestivum), soybean (Glycine max), tobacco (N
- plants of interest include, a legume crop species, including, but not limited to, alfalfa (Medicago sativa); clover or trefoil (Trifolium spp.); pea, including (Pisum satinum), pigeon pea (Gajanus cajan), cowpea (Vigna unguiculatd) and Lathyrus spp.; bean (Fabaceae or Leguminosae); lentil (Lens culinaris); lupin (Lupinus spp.); mesquite (Prosopis spp.); carob (Ceratonia siliqua), soybean (Glycine max), peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or tamarind (Tamarindus indica).
- the terms "legume species” and “legume crop species” are used herein to refer to plants, and can be for example, a plant of interest.
- the legume species or legume crop species is a plant, plant part or plant cell.
- transgenic is used herein to refer to a plant, including any part derived from a plant, such as a cell, tissue, or organ in which an exogenous nucleic acid (e.g., recombinant construct, vector or expression cassette including one or more nucleic acids) is integrated into the genome by a genetic engineering method, such as Agrobacteria transformation. By carrying out a gene technology method, the exogenous nucleic acid is stably integrated into a chromosome, so that successive generations may also be transgenic. As used herein, “transgenic” also encompasses biological processes including the crossing of plants and/or natural recombination.
- exogenous nucleic acid e.g., recombinant construct, vector or expression cassette including one or more nucleic acids
- constructs or vectors or expression cassettes are not present in the genome of the original plant or are present in the genome of the transgenic plant, but not at their natural locus of the genome of the original plant.
- the compositions disclosed herein can be generated or maintained through the process of introgressing. Introgressing is sometimes called “backcrossing" when the process is repeated two or more times.
- the "donor” parent refers to the parental plant with the desired gene or locus to be introgressed.
- the "recipient” parent (used one or more times) or “recurrent” parent (used two or more times) refers to the parental plant into which the gene or locus is being introgressed.
- the initial cross gives rise to the Fl generation; the term “BC1 " then refers to the second use of the recurrent parent, and "BC2" refers to the third use of the recurrent parent, and so on.
- an aspect of the present disclosure is a method of enhancing plant resistance to a plant disease, such as ASR.
- the method can comprise conferring resistance to a pathogen, for example, a pathogen that causes ASR, by introgression of a legume-derived NB-LRR resistance gene into germplasm in a breeding program (i.e., a breeding program for resistance to ASR).
- germplasm is used herein to mean genetic material of or from an individual (e.g., a plant), a group of individuals (e.g., a plant line, variety or family), or a clone derived from a line, variety, species, or culture.
- the germplasm can be part of an organism or cell, or can be separate from the organism or cell.
- the germplasm provides genetic material with a specific molecular makeup that provides a physical foundation for some or all of the hereditary qualities of an organism or cell culture.
- Germplasm in the context of the present disclosure includes cells, seed or tissues from which new plants can be grown, or plant parts, such as leaves, stems, pollen, or cells, that can be cultured into a whole plant.
- aspects of the present disclosure comprise methods for identification of germplasm as a source of resistance including, but not limited to, germplasm in one or more of the following genus: Glycine, Vigna, and Lablab.
- legume-derived NB-LRR type resistance genes convey differential responses to Phakopsora pachyrhizi.
- Previous studies in six Australian races of Phakopsora pachyrhizi can be discerned, for example, based on their respective compatibility or incompatibility on several species of wild Glycine (Burdon and Marshall (1981) Journal of Ecology, 69:381-390; Burdon and Marshall (1981) Plant Disease, 65:44-45; Burdon and Speer (1984) Euphytica, 33:891-896; Burdon (1987) Ocecologia, 73(2): 257-267; Burdon (1988) Theor. Appl.
- the legume crop species or legume-derived gene is derived from the genus Glycine.
- Glycine species include, but are not limited to, Glycine arenaria, Glycine argyrea, Glycine cyrtoloba, Glycine canescens, Glycine clandestine, Glycine curvata, Glycine falcata, Glycine latifolia, Glycine microphylla, Glycine pescadrensis, Glycine stenophita, Glycine syndetica, Glycine soja, Glycine tabacina and Glycine tomentella.
- the legume crop species or legume-derived gene is derived from the genus Vigna.
- Vigna is a pantropic genus that comprises approximately 100 species. It is a taxonomic group subdivided into the subgenera Vigna, Haydonia, Plectotropis (African), Ceratotropis (Asian), Sigmoidotropis , and Lasiopron.
- the genus includes economically relevant species such as Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp (cowpea), Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek (mung bean), Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi and Ohashi (azuki bean), Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper (black gram), and Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi (rice bean).
- Vigna unguiculata L.) Walp (cowpea
- Vigna angularis Willd.) Ohwi and Ohashi (azuki bean)
- Vigna mungo L.) Hepper (black gram)
- Vigna umbellata Thunb. Ohwi and Ohashi (rice bean).
- Four subspecies are recognized within Vigna unguiculata: de ndtiana, a wild relative of cultivated subspecies; cylindrica, cultivated catjang
- Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata is further divided into cultivar groups Unguiculata, grown as a pulse; Biflora or Cilindrica (catjang), mainly used as a forage; Sesquipedalis (yardlong or asparagus bean), grown as a vegetable; Textilis, cultivated for the fibres of its long floral peduncles; and Melanophthalmus (black-eyed pea). Susceptibility of several Vigna species, including Vigna radiata, Vigna mungo and Vigna unguiculata to Phakopsora pachyrhizi has been reported under field and greenhouse conditions.
- the legume crop species or legume-derived gene is derived from the genus Lablab.
- Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet also referred to as Dolichos benghalensis Jacq., Dolichos lablab L., Dolichos purpureus L., Lablab niger Medikus, Lablab purpurea (L.) Sweet, Lablab vulgaris (L.) Savi, Vigna aristata Piper
- L. Lablab purpureus
- the legume crop species or legume-derived gene is derived from the genus Cicer, Cajanus, Medicago, Phaseolus, Pisum, Pueraria, or Trifolium.
- Cicer species include, but are not limited to, Cicer arietinum, Cicer echinospermum, Cicer reticulatum and Cicer pinnatifldum.
- An example of the Cajanus species include, but is not limited to Cajanus cajan.
- Examples of the Medicago species include, but are not limited to, Medicago truncatula and Medicago sativa.
- Phaseolus species include, but are not limited to, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus acutifolius and Phaseolus coccineus.
- Pisum species include, but are not limited to, Pisum abyssinicum, Pisum sativum, Pisum elatius, Pisum fulvum, Pisum transcaucasium and Pisum humile.
- An example of the Pueraria species includes, but is not limited to, Pueraria lobata.
- Trifolium species include, but are not limited to, Trifolium aureum and Trifolium occidentale.
- the present disclosure also comprises sequences described herein that can be provided in expression cassettes or DNA constructs for expression in the plant of interest.
- the cassette can include 5' and 3' heterologous regulatory sequences operably linked to a sequence disclosed herein.
- the term "operatively linked” is used herein to mean that the nucleic acid to be expressed is linked to the regulatory sequence, including promoters, terminators, enhancers and/or other expression control elements (e.g., polyadenylation signals), in a manner which allows for expression of the nucleic acid (i.e., in a host plant cell when the vector is introduced into the host plant cell).
- Such regulatory sequences are well known in the art and include those that direct constitutive expression of a nucleotide sequence in many types of host cells and those that direct expression of the nucleotide sequence in certain host cells or under certain conditions.
- the design of the vector can depend on, for example, the type of the host cell to be transformed or the level of expression of nucleic acid desired.
- the cassette can contain one or more additional genes to be co-transformed into the plant. And, any additional gene(s) can be provided on multiple expression cassettes.
- Expression cassettes of the present disclosure can include many restriction sites for insertion of the nucleotide sequence to be under the transcriptional regulation of the regulatory regions.
- the expression cassette can also contain selectable marker genes.
- An expression cassette can further include in the 5'-3' direction of transcription, a transcriptional and translational initiation region, a DNA sequence of the disclosure, and a transcriptional and translational termination region functional in plants.
- the transcriptional initiation region, the promoter can be native or analogous or foreign or heterologous to the plant host. Additionally, the promoter can be the natural sequence or alternatively a synthetic sequence.
- the term "foreign" means that the transcriptional initiation region is not found in the native plant into which the transcriptional initiation region is introduced.
- a chimeric gene comprises a coding sequence operably linked to a transcription initiation region that is heterologous to the coding sequence. Examples of promoters include, but are not limited to, the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35 S and soybean Ubiquitin 6.
- heterologous promoters While it may be preferable to express the sequences using heterologous promoters, homologous promoters or native promoter sequences can be used. Such constructs would change expression levels in the host cell (i.e., plant or plant cell). Thus, the phenotype of the host cell (i.e., plant or plant cell) is altered.
- a termination region can be native with the transcriptional initiation region, native with the operably linked DNA sequence of interest, or derived from another source.
- Convenient termination regions are available from the Ti-plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, such as the octopine synthase and nopaline synthase termination regions.
- endogenous or transgenic resistance orthologs can be altered by homologous or non-homologous recombinatory methods, such as, for example, by genome editing.
- Such alterations refer to a nucleotide sequence having at least one modification when compared to its non-modified sequence and include, for example: (i) replacement of at least one nucleotide, (ii) deletion of at least one nucleotide, (iii) insertion of at least one nucleotide, or (iv) any combination of (i)-(iii).
- the disclosed NB-LRR polynucleotide compositions can be introduced into the genome of a plant using genome editing technologies, or previously introduced NB-LRR polynucleotides in the genome of a plant may be edited using genome editing technologies.
- Genome editing can be accomplished using any gene editing method available.
- gene editing can be achieved by introducing a polynucleotide modification template (sometimes referred to as a gene repair oligonucleotide) into a host cell, wherein the polynucleotide modification template comprises a targeted modification to a gene within the genome of the host cell.
- the polynucleotide modification template can be single-stranded or double-stranded. For example, see U.S. Publication No. 2013/0019349.
- gene editing can be carried out by inducing a double-stranded break (DSB) in a defined position in the genome near the desired alteration.
- DSBs can be induced using any DSB-inducing agent available, including, but not limited to, TALENs, meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases, Cas9-gRNA systems (based on bacterial CRISPR-Cas9 systems), and the like.
- the introduction of a DSB can be combined with the introduction of a polynucleotide modification template.
- the method for editing a genomic sequence can comprise combining DSB and polynucleotide modification templates and generally further comprising: 1) providing to a host cell, a DSB-inducing agent, or a nucleic acid encoding a DSB-inducing agent, wherein the DSB-inducing agent recognizes a target sequence in the chromosomal sequence, and is thereby able to induce a DSB in the genomic sequence; and 2) one or more polynucleotide modification templates comprising one or more nucleotide alterations as compared to the nucleotide sequence to be edited.
- the polynucleotide modification template can further comprise nucleotide sequences flanking the one or more nucleotide alterations, wherein the flanking sequences are substantially homologous to the chromosomal region flanking the DSB.
- Genome editing techniques using DSB-inducing agents, such as Cas9-gRNA complexes are known in the art (see, for example, US Application No. 14/463,687, filed August 20, 2014, PCT application PCT/US 14/51781 filed August 20, 2014, and U.S. application 62/036,652, filed on August 13, 2014; all of which are incorporated by reference herein).
- 14/463,687 and 14/463691 filed August 20, 2014, and include, but are not limited to, modifying or replacing nucleotide sequences of interest (e.g., regulatory elements), insertion of polynucleotides of interest, gene knock-out, gene-knock in, modification of splicing sites and/or introducing alternate splicing sites, modifications of nucleotide sequences encoding a protein of interest, amino acid and/or protein fusions, and gene silencing by expressing an inverted repeat into a gene of interest.
- nucleotide sequences of interest e.g., regulatory elements
- insertion of polynucleotides of interest e.g., gene knock-out, gene-knock in, modification of splicing sites and/or introducing alternate splicing sites, modifications of nucleotide sequences encoding a protein of interest, amino acid and/or protein fusions, and gene silencing by expressing an inverted repeat into a gene of interest.
- the gene(s) can be optimized for increased expression in the transformed plant as needed.
- the genes can be synthesized using plant-preferred codons for improved expression. Methods for synthesizing plant-preferred genes are known in the art.
- Additional sequence modifications are known to enhance gene expression in a cellular host. These include elimination of sequences encoding spurious polyadenylation signals, exon-intron splice site signals, transposon-like repeats, and other such well-characterized sequences that can be deleterious to gene expression.
- the G-C content of the sequence can be adjusted to levels average for a given cellular host, as calculated by reference to known genes expressed in the host cell. When possible, the sequence is modified to avoid predicted hairpin secondary mRNA structures.
- the expression cassettes can additionally contain 5' leader sequences in the expression cassette construct.
- leader sequences can act to enhance translation.
- Translation leaders are known in the art and include: picornavirus leaders, for example, EMCV leader (Encephalomyocarditis 5' noncoding region); potyvirus leaders, for example, TEV leader (Tobacco Etch Virus), and human immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BiP); untranslated leader from the coat protein mRNA of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV RNA 4); tobacco mosaic virus leader (TMV); and maize chlorotic mottle virus leader (MCMV) (Lommel et al. (1991) Virology 81 :382 385).
- Other methods known to enhance translation can also be utilized, such as, introns.
- the various DNA fragments can be manipulated while preparing the expression cassette, to ensure that the DNA sequences are in the proper orientation and, as appropriate, in the proper reading frame.
- adapters or linkers can be employed to join the DNA fragments.
- other manipulations can be used to provide for convenient restriction sites, removal of superfluous DNA, or removal of restriction sites.
- in vitro mutagenesis, primer repair, restriction, annealing, resubstitutions, e.g., transitions and transversions can be involved.
- the expression cassette can comprise a selectable marker gene for the selection of transformed cells.
- Selectable marker genes are utilized for the selection of transformed cells or tissues.
- Marker genes include genes encoding antibiotic resistance, such as those encoding neomycin phosphotransferase II (NEO) and hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT), as well as genes conferring resistance to herbicidal compounds, such as glyphosate, glufosinate ammonium, bromoxynil, imidazolinones, and 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D).
- NEO neomycin phosphotransferase II
- HPT hygromycin phosphotransferase
- genes conferring resistance to herbicidal compounds such as glyphosate, glufosinate ammonium, bromoxynil, imidazolinones, and 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D).
- the methods described herein comprise transforming a plant or plant cell with a polynucleotide, for example, as disclosed herein, that encodes the target R protein.
- the polynucleotides described herein can be operably linked to a promoter that drives expression in a plant cell. Any promoter known in the art can be used in the methods of the present disclosure including, but not limited to, constitutive promoters, pathogen-inducible promoters, wound- inducible promoters, tissue-preferred promoters, and chemical-regulated promoters.
- Transformed cells or plants can be grown or bred to generate a plant comprising one or more of polynucleotides that were introduced into the cell or plant that, for example, encodes an R protein.
- a number of promoters can be used in the practice of the disclosure.
- the promoters can be selected based on the desired outcome. That is, the nucleic acids can be combined with constitutive, tissue-preferred, or other promoters for expression in the host cell of interest.
- constitutive promoters include, for example, the core promoter of the Rsyn7 promoter and other constitutive promoters disclosed in WO 99/43838 and U.S. Patent No. 6,072,050; the core CaMV 35S promoter; rice actin; ubiquitin; pEMU; MAS; ALS; and the like.
- Other constitutive promoters include, for example, those disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos.
- an inducible promoter particularly from a pathogen-inducible promoter.
- promoters include those from pathogenesis-related proteins (PR proteins), which are induced following infection by a pathogen, e.g., PR proteins, SAR proteins, beta-l,3-glucanase, chitinase, etc.
- PR proteins pathogenesis-related proteins
- SAR proteins beta-l,3-glucanase
- chitinase etc.
- a wound-inducible promoter can be used in the constructions of the disclosure.
- wound-inducible promoters include potato proteinase inhibitor (pin II) gene, wunl and wun2, winl and win2, systemin, WIP1, MPI gene, and the like.
- Chemical-regulated promoters can be used to modulate the expression of a gene in a plant through the application of an exogenous chemical regulator.
- the promoter can be a chemical-inducible promoter, where application of the chemical induces gene expression, or a chemical-repressible promoter, where application of the chemical represses gene expression.
- Chemical-inducible promoters are known in the art and include, but are not limited to, the maize In2-2 promoter, which is activated by benzenesulfonamide herbicide safeners, the maize GST promoter, which is activated by hydrophobic electrophilic compounds that are used as pre-emergent herbicides, and the tobacco PR- la promoter, which is activated by salicylic acid.
- steroid-responsive promoters e.g., the glucocorticoid-inducible promoter, and tetracycline-inducible and tetracycline-repressible promoters.
- Tissue-preferred promoters can be utilized to target enhanced expression of the target gene or protein (e.g., a polynucleotide sequence encoding a legume-derived NB-LRR polypeptide) within a particular plant tissue.
- tissue-preferred promoters include, but are not limited to, leaf-preferred promoters, root-preferred promoters, seed-preferred promoters, and stem-preferred promoters.
- Tissue-preferred promoters include Yamamoto et al. (1997) Plant J. 12(2): 255 -265; Kawamata et al. (1997) Plant Cell Physiol. 38(7):792-803; Hansen et al. (1997) Mol. Gen Genet.
- Leaf-specific promoters are known in the art. See, for example, Yamamoto et al. (1997) Plant J. 12(2)255-265; Kwon et al. (1994) Plant Physiol. 105:357-67; Yamamoto et al. (1994) Plant Cell Physiol. 35(5):773-778; Gotor et al. (1993) Plant J. 3:509-18; Orozco et al. (1993) Plant Mol. Biol. 23(6): 1129-1138; and Matsuoka et al. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90(20):9586-9590.
- seed-specific promoters include both “seed-specific” promoters (those promoters active during seed development such as promoters of seed storage proteins) as well as “seed- germinating” promoters (those promoters active during seed germination).
- seed- preferred promoters include, but are not limited to, Ciml (cytokinin-induced message), cZ19Bl (maize 19 kDa zein), milps (my o-inositol-1 -phosphate synthase), and celA (cellulose synthase) (see WO 00/11177, herein incorporated by reference).
- Gama-zein is a preferred endosperm-specific promoter.
- Glob-1 is a preferred embryo-specific promoter.
- seed-specific promoters include, but are not limited to, bean ⁇ -phaseolin, napin, ⁇ - conglycinin, soybean lectin, cruciferin, and the like.
- seed-specific promoters include, but are not limited to, maize 15 kDa zein, 22 kDa zein, 27 kDa zein, g-zein, waxy, shrunken 1, shrunken 2, globulin 1, etc. See also WO 00/12733, where seed-preferred promoters from endl and end2 genes are disclosed; herein incorporated by reference.
- Expression of the polynucleotides of the present disclosure can involve the use of the intact, native R gene, wherein the expression is driven by a cognate 5' upstream promoter sequence.
- expression can be generated using constructs assembled with 5' transcriptional control sequences provided by heterologous NB-LRR disease resistance genes expressed in the host legume.
- heterologous NB-LRR disease resistance genes expressed in the host legume.
- One skilled in the art will be able to identify genes encoding NB-LRR proteins, to evaluate their expression level, and to select preferred promoter sequences that can be used for expression of the R gene of interest.
- the use of either cognate or heterologous NB-LRR promoter sequences provides an option to regulate protein expression to avoid or minimize any potential undesired outcomes associated with inappropriate or unwanted expression and plant defense activation.
- soybean promoters include but are not limited to soy ubiquitin (subi-1), elongation factor 1A, and S-adenosyl methionine synthase for constitutive expression and Rpp4, RPG1-B, and promoters contained in gene models such as Glyma promoters known to those of skill in the art for more tightly regulated expression provided by NB-LRR gene promoters.
- kits for the assays described herein The polypeptide sequences and polynucleotides can be packaged as a component of a kit with instructions for completing the assay disclosed herein.
- the kits of the present disclosure can include any combination of the polypeptides and/or polynucleotides described herein and suitable instructions (written and/or provided as audio-, visual-, or audiovisual material).
- the kit relates to a DNA detection kit for identifying R genes (e.g., NB-LRR genes) or R proteins against ASR. Kits utilizing any of the sequences disclosed herein for the identification of a transgenic event (e.g., CcRppl) in a plant for efficacy against ASR are provided.
- kits can comprise a specific probe having a sequence corresponding to or is complementary to a sequence having between 80% and 100% sequence identity with a specific region of the transgenic event.
- the kits can include any reagents and materials required to carry out the assay or detection method.
- the CcRpp (Cajanus cajan resistance against Phakopsora pachyrhizi) genes from genotypes Gi l 9-99 (the source of the resistance gene CcRppl), G59- 95, Gl 46-97, Gl 08-99, Gl 27-97 and Gl 84-97 were selected for further characterization.
- Differential responses of several Cajanus cajan accessions against Phakopsora pachyrhizi isolate PPUFV02 were measured. The reactions ranged from resistant, partially resistant with flecks, reddish-brown lesions without sporulation, reddish-brown lesions with sporulation to susceptible with "tan" lesions with abundant sporulation on the abaxial leaflet side.
- the CcRppl genetic region in Cajanus cajan In order to genetically map the CcRppl locus, mRNA was extracted from bulks of 50 susceptible and 50 resistant Cajanus cajan F2 plants from the cross Gi l 9-99 x G48-95. SMARTTM kit and SMARTIV patented oligonucleotide (Clontech) were used for the first strand cDNA synthesis. A duplex-specific nuclease approach was employed to normalize the cDNA generated from both resistant and susceptible bulks in order to facilitate the identification and analysis of rare transcripts and to enhance the gene discovery rate of the cDNA libraries (Zhulidov et al. (2004) Nucleic Acids Res.
- the normalized cDNAs were then digested with Sfil and size fractionated by CHROMA spin- 1000 columns to select for transcript fragments above 1 Kb. Resistant and susceptible bulked cDNAs were subsequently sheared using a Covaris S20 to obtain average fragment sizes of 200 bp. These sheared cDNAs were used to generate libraries that were sequenced with the Illumina GA2 sequencer.
- the seven linked markers identified in Cajanus cajan displayed strong synteny with two regions in the Glycine max genome; one on chromosome 12, and one on chromosome 9.
- a homologous region on chromosome 4 of Medicago truncatula was also identified.
- a 2 Mb region starting from the telomere region on chromosome 12 that contains the identified homologous region was used as a reference. This reference was used for alignment of the transcriptome Illumina data from the Cajanus cajan resistant parental accession Gi l 9-99 reads combined with the reads generated from the resistant bulk of 50 F 2 lines and aligned against the reads obtained from the susceptible bulk.
- dCAPS3978 SSR10581, dCAPS52491, SSR2152, dCAPS239615; Fig. 1).
- the majority of these marker sequences were located within a 1.5 Mb region on chromosome 12 of Glycine max.
- the dCAPS 140555 marker is located 6 Kb from a classical CC-NB-LRR gene in Glycine max (G ymal2g01420) and situated in a 106 Kb genetic interval delimited by the dCAPS52491 and SSR2152 marker sequences (Fig. 1).
- Sequencing of a BAC clone from the reference Cajanus cajan variety "Asha” reveals that the CcRppl locus contains one or more genes from the NB-LRR gene family.
- the BAC library was screened from the sequenced reference variety "Asha” (Varshney et al. (2009) Nat. Biotechnol, 30:83-89) using a probe derived from marker dCAPS140555 and identified a BAC clone of 97 Kb. This clone was sheared to obtain average fragment sizes of 5 Kb that were sequenced using Sanger sequencing. The reads were subsequently assembled using Phred, Phrap and Consed data analyses. Sequence annotation of this BAC revealed the presence of four highly homologous NB-LRR gene paralogs, three full-length genes and one truncated gene.
- CcRppl is located between the markers dCAPS52491 and SSR2152 and very tightly linked to dCAPS140555.
- the CcRppl locus was mapped to chromosome 5 in Gl 19-99 using more than 1141 individual F2 plants with SSRs, CAPs and dCAPs markers.
- the region containing CcRppl was narrowed down to a region of ⁇ 154 Kb encompassing the dCAPS52491 (6 recombinants/2282 gametes) and SSR2152 (1 recombinant/2282 gametes) markers (Fig. 2A).
- Example 2 CcRppl locus from G119-99 contains four members of a NB-LRR family
- a Gl 19-99 BAC library was generated and screened using two probes derived from markers dCAPS140555 and SSR2152, respectively.
- Two positive BAC clones (3F and 6G) were identified that together span the entire interval between dCAPS52491 and SSR2152 (Fig. 2B).
- Several clones containing BAC 3F (145 Kb) and BAC 6G (130 Kb) were tested for integrity via DNA fingerprinting using the restriction enzyme Hindlll.
- the BAC sizes of these clones were verified by pulse-field gel electrophoresis of Nofl-digested DNA.
- a plant transformation construct was designed to provide high-level constitutive expression of NB-LRR-2, (SEQ ID NO: 1) in soybean.
- a 2775 bp Sfil fragment containing the NB-LRR-2 coding region was ligated at the 5' end to a 1948 bp soybean ubiquitin promoter + IntronI fragment and on the 3' end to a 888 bp Arabidopsis ubiquitin terminator fragment.
- the entire promoter-coding region-terminator cassette was located between attRl and attR2 recombination sites in a Gateway® based plant expression vector.
- This vector in addition to the above elements, contained a hygromycin resistance gene for bacterial selection and an herbicide resistant soybean ALS gene as a plant selectable marker.
- the final NB-LRR-2 plant expression vector was electroporated into Escherichia coli. Transformants were then selected and pDNA were isolated by standard miniprep methods. Transformants were characterized by diagnostic restriction enzyme digestions of miniprep DNA. A positive clone containing the expected partem of digestion bands was selected, and isolated DNA was submitted for biolistic transformation.
- Transgenic soybean lines were generated by the method of particle gun bombardment (U.S. Patent No. 4,945,050) using a BIORAD Biolistic PDSIOOO/He instrument and either plasmid or fragment DNA. The following stock solutions and media were used for transformation and regeneration of soybean plants.
- SB199 Solid Medium (1 package MS salts (Gibco/ BRL; Cat. No. 11117-066), 1 mL B5 vitamins 1000X stock, 30g Sucrose, 4 ml 2, 4-D (40 mg/L final concentration), pH 7.0, 2 gm Gelrite); SB1 Solid Medium (1 package MS salts (Gibco/ BRL; Cat. No.
- Soybean embryogenic suspension culture initiation Pods with immature seeds from available soybean plants 45-55 days after planting were picked, removed from their shells and placed into a sterilized magenta box. The soybean seeds were sterilized by shaking them for 15 min in a 5% Clorox ® solution with 1 drop of IvoryTM soap (i.e., 95 mL of autoclaved distilled water plus 5 mL Clorox ® and 1 drop of soap, mixed well). Seeds were rinsed using
- DNA plasmids or fragments were co- precipitated onto gold particles as follows.
- the DNAs in suspension were added to 50 of a 10 - 60 mg/mL 0.6 ⁇ gold particle suspension and then combined with 50 CaC ⁇ (2.5 M) and 20 ⁇ spermidine (0.1 M). The mixture was vortexed for 5 sec, spun in a microfuge for 5 sec, and the supernatant removed.
- the DNA coated particles were then washed once with 150 ⁇ of 100% ethanol, vortexed and spun in a microfuge again, then resuspended in 85 ⁇ of anhydrous ethanol. Five microliters of the DNA coated gold particles were then loaded on each macrocarrier disk.
- Tissue preparation and bombardment with DNA Approximately 100 mg of two- week-old suspension culture was placed in an empty 60 mm X 15 mm petri plate and the residual liquid removed from the tissue using a pipette. The tissue was placed about 3.5 inches away from the retaining screen and each plate of tissue was bombarded once. Membrane rupture pressure was set at 650 psi and the chamber was evacuated to -28 inches of Hg. Following bombardment, the tissue from each plate was divided between two flasks, placed back into liquid media, and cultured as described above.
- SB 196 liquid culture maintenance medium per plate of bombarded tissue. Seven days post bombardment, the liquid medium in each flask was replaced with fresh SB 196 culture maintenance medium supplemented with 100 ng/ml selective agent (selection medium).
- selective agent used was a sulfonylurea (SU) compound with the chemical name, 2 chloro N ((4 methoxy 6 methy 1 ,3,5 triazine 2 yl) aminocarbonyl) benzenesulfonamide (other common names are DPX-W4189 and chlorsulfuron).
- SU sulfonylurea
- Chlorsulfuron is the active ingredient in the DuPont sulfonylurea herbicide, GLEAN®.
- the selection medium containing SU was replaced every two weeks for 8 weeks. After the 8 week selection period, islands of green, transformed tissue were observed growing from untransformed, necrotic embryogenic clusters. These putative transgenic events were isolated and kept in SB 196 liquid medium with SU at 100 ng/ml for another 5 weeks with media changes every 1-2 weeks to generate new, clonally propagated, transformed embryogenic suspension cultures. Embryos spent a total of around 13 weeks in contact with SU. Suspension cultures were sub-cultured and maintained as clusters of immature embryos and also regenerated into whole plants by maturation and germination of individual somatic embryos.
- Somatic embryos became suitable for germination after four weeks on maturation medium (1 week on SB 166 followed by 3 weeks on SB 103). They were then removed from the maturation medium and dried in empty petri dishes for up to seven days. The dried embryos were then planted in SB714 medium where they were allowed to germinate under the same light and temperature conditions as described above. Germinated embryos were transferred to potting medium and grown to maturity for seed production.
- the NB-LRR-2 gene was tested for efficacy against ASR by transformation of plant expression constructs into soybean, followed by inoculation of transgenic plants with Phakopsora pachyrhizi and scoring of plant disease symptoms.
- Preliminary testing of primary transformants was performed to evaluate the effect of the NB-LRR-2 transgene on ASR infection.
- TO plant material was spray- inoculated with l x lO 5 spores/ml of Phakopsora pachyrhizi.
- Inoculated material from control source plants and TO transgenic plants was incubated and scored for disease symptoms 12 days after inoculation. Plants were visually assessed for the presence of lesions and microscopically evaluated to detect the presence of uredinia.
- NB-LRR-2 Since NB-LRR-2 is able to provide resistance against Phakopsora pachyrhizi in Events 5.1 and 7.1, NB-LRR-2 was renamed CcRppl for Cajanus cajan resistance against Phakopsora pachyrhizi 1 and both Event 5.1 and Event 7.1 were advanced for further testing in Tl plants.
- Tl transgenic testing for efficacy of CcRppl against Phakopsora pachyrhizi Seeds from selected Tl events were planted and grown under growth chamber conditions for 17 days until VC The plants were sampled for qPCR to determine the transgene copy number and inoculated with a suspension of Phakopsora pachyrhizi spores. The inoculation was performed with urediniospores collected from a susceptible variety and stored at -80 °C.
- the spores were suspended in an aqueous solution of 0.01% Tween 20, heat-shocked at 40 °C for 5 min and mixed thoroughly; the spore concentration was then adjusted to 2xl0 4 sp/ml with a hemocytometer. Plants were spray-inoculated with the urediniospore suspension, incubated at 100% relative humidity in the dark for 24 hours and then transferred to a growth chamber (22 °C, 70% RH, 16 hr photoperiod) where they were allowed to grow and develop symptoms for 15-29 days. New growth was excised regularly in order to keep the unifoliates for the duration of the experiment.
- This accession was sequenced with Illumina HiSeq2000 (20x coverage) and this data was used to identify 84535 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between Gl 08-99 and the susceptible parental accession G48-95 (sequenced previously).
- SNP genotyping using the Sequenom MassARRAY ® iPLEX platform identified a region associated with the novel resistance in Gl 08-99. It is within the scope of the present disclosure that these resistant plants serve as sources to identify R genes that confer resistance against Phakopsora pachyrhizi.
- Symptomatic accessions can be used for generating the segregating populations required to map and clone the genes conferring resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi in the corresponding resistant accessions.
- Example 6 Identification of germplasm as a source of resistance in the genus
- Vigna accessions obtained from different sources were screened with mono-pustule isolate PPUFV02. Initially, 55 accessions of Vigna unguiculata that were obtained from Brazilian breeding programs (Table 2) were screened. Challenging these accessions with mono-pustule isolate PPUFV02 permitted the identification of three resistant accessions and several accessions that developed disease symptoms. A notable exception was Vu32, which also developed disease symptoms in mature leaves. In several experiments, accessions Vu3, Vu7 and Vu21 consistently showed resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi.
- Accessions ARG 88 (Vigna luteola), ATF 2361, ATF 2364 (Vigna oblongifolia), ATF 2073 (Vigna sp.), AJP 004 (Vigna parkeri), and CPI 121683 (Vigna unguiculata) developed strong disease symptoms.
- accessions ATF 2783 (Vigna dalzelliana), ATF 2363 (Vigna unguiculata) and NI 456 (Vigna unguiculata ssp. mensensis) were resistant to the disease.
- accessions Vu3, Vu7, Vu21, Vun_00002, Vun_00008, Vun_00094, Vun_00095, Vun_00145, ATF 2783, ATF 2363, and NI 456 serve as sources to identify R genes that confer resistance against Phakopsora pachyrhizi.
- Symptomatic accessions Vu32, Vun_00001, Vun_00135, ARG 88, ATF 2361, ATF 2364, ATF 2073, AJP 004, and CPI 121683 can be used for generating the segregating populations required to map and clone the genes conferring resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi in the corresponding resistant accessions.
- Fl populations have been obtained from crossing Vigna accessions with contrasting phenotypes.
- F2 populations from crosses Vun_00135 x Vun_00094 and Vu32 x Vu21 segregate in a 3: 1 ratio, indicating that similar to Cajanus cajan resistance, resistance in Vigna unguiculata was conveyed by dominant resistance loci.
- Table 2 Sources of resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi PPUFV02 in Vigna unguiculata accessions from Brazil. Disease symptoms were rated using a scale ranging from 0 (resistant) to 4 (lack of resistance) according to lesion size and leaf area affected.
- Example 7 Identification of germplasm as a source of resistance in the genus
- IBS 059 and IBS 837 Two accessions (IBS 059 and IBS 837) were identified that showed resistance to this fungal isolate whereas all the other accessions developed disease symptoms.
- the present disclosure contemplates the use of these two accessions as sources of resistance against Phakopsora pachyrhizi.
- Symptomatic accessions represent important tools in resolving individual NB-LRR genes using map-based cloning and cloned genes can provide effective field resistance as transgenes in soy.
- Fl populations derived from crosses between IBS 059 and IBS 837 with several symptomatic accessions including Tamely, CPI 51565, CPI 52508, IBS 879, CPI 40167, Tamely Early, CPI 18662, RJW 5117, CPI 36903, Cor Branca and several others, were obtained in order to map and clone the corresponding resistance genes.
- F2 populations derived from crosses Vicosa x IBS 837 and Tamely x IBS 059 were the focus of the next set of experiments.
- Example 8 Identification of germplasm as a source of resistance in the genus Phaseolus
- Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) was tested to identify sources of resistance against Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Phaseolus vulgaris has been described as a host of Phakopsora pachyrhizi in field conditions (Du Preez et al. (2005) Plant Dis. 89:206; and Lynch, et al. (2006) Plant Dis., 7:970). In addition, a differential response of 16 common bean cultivars to Phakopsora pachyrhizi, with a cultivar-isolate interaction for severity and sporulation was reported (Miles et al. (2007) Plant Dis., 91 :698-704).
- the present disclosure contemplates identifying NB-LRR type resistance genes in Phaseolus vulgaris for efficacy in soy against Phakopsora pachyrhizi.
- Phakopsora pachyrhizi screen was performed using a Brazilian single pustule isolate (PPUFV-02) on accessions from the core pea ⁇ Pisum sativum) collection of USDA/Grin (Table 6).
- PPUFV-02 Brazilian single pustule isolate
- differential responses were observed in the 72 tested Pisum sativum accessions 21 days post-inoculation.
- Two accessions that were partially resistant (PI271118, and PI220189) were selected for further study.
- microscopy and FITC-WGA staining were carried out followed by fluorescence microscopy to monitor pathogen growth over time.
- 0 Resistant; absence macroscopic and microscopic symptoms.
- l Partial Resistance; small ⁇ 250 ⁇ patches of reddish-brown necrosis caused by mycelial growth visible using FITC -Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) stain followed by fluorescence microscopy.
- 2 Partial Resistance; infection patches of ⁇ 1000 ⁇ reddish-brown necrosis caused by mycelial growth visible using FITC-WGA stain followed by fluorescence microscopy.
- Example 11 Transformation of soybean with the CcRppl construct PHP74119 Isolation of CcRppl transgenic events was achieved via biolistic delivery of DNA as disclosed in Example 3. Insertion of the transgene and marker DNA into the soy genome was then achieved by a targeted integration approach.
- This site specific integration (SSI) procedure relies on the FLP/FRT recombination system, is well known to those skilled in the art of plant transformation and is described in Li et al. (2009) Plant Physiol. 151 : 1087.
- the transgenic events of Example 3 were generated by bombardment of DNA into the 93B86-5.1 transformation line.
- Tl seeds from the three events were planted, sampled and inoculated as described in Example 4; plants were scored 15 days after inoculation.
- the effect of CcRppl was observed and confirmed in plants from two events (Soy 5342.11.1 and Soy 5342.11.2). Hemizygous plants showed partial resistance with reduced amount of RB lesions while homozygous plants were resistant. In this case, the construct' s effect on reduction of severity in the hemizygous plants was approximately 98%, a more pronounced effect than previously detected in the 5.1 background. Results from the confirmation experiment are summarized in Table 8. The third event (Soy 5861.1.1), however, did not show a difference in disease severity between transgenic and null plants.
- transcript amount was assessed through qRT-PCR for all three events. The results showed higher expression in the two effective events, while event Soy 5861.1.1 displayed lower expression of the CcRppl transcript.
- SEQ. ID NOs: 1-8 are filed concurrently herewith in a textfile and are incorporated herein in their entirities.
- Ranges can be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value, and/or to "about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, a further aspect includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent "about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms a further aspect. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint and independently of the other endpoint. It is also understood that there are a number of values disclosed herein and that each value is also herein disclosed as "about” that particular value in addition to the value itself. For example, if the value " 10" is disclosed, then “about 10" is also disclosed. It is also understood that each unit between two particular units is also disclosed. For example, if 10 and 15 are disclosed, then 11, 12, 13, and 14 are also disclosed.
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US11510377B2 (en) | 2022-11-29 |
US20180103600A1 (en) | 2018-04-19 |
AR105418A1 (en) | 2017-10-04 |
CN107873057B (en) | 2022-08-05 |
US20210051869A1 (en) | 2021-02-25 |
CN115927365A (en) | 2023-04-07 |
BR112017024429A2 (en) | 2018-08-14 |
US10842097B2 (en) | 2020-11-24 |
US20230157232A1 (en) | 2023-05-25 |
CA2983635A1 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
CN107873057A (en) | 2018-04-03 |
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