WO2017105193A1 - System for liquefying gases by means of flash condensation, a cryogenic cooler and a plate fin heat exchanger (bahx) - Google Patents

System for liquefying gases by means of flash condensation, a cryogenic cooler and a plate fin heat exchanger (bahx) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017105193A1
WO2017105193A1 PCT/MX2015/000201 MX2015000201W WO2017105193A1 WO 2017105193 A1 WO2017105193 A1 WO 2017105193A1 MX 2015000201 W MX2015000201 W MX 2015000201W WO 2017105193 A1 WO2017105193 A1 WO 2017105193A1
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Prior art keywords
gas
heat exchanger
fluid
expansion
plate
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PCT/MX2015/000201
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Martin VELEZ DE LA ROCHA
Cinthya Araceli RUIZ PARDO
Luz Mercedes OLIVAS DURAN
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Velez De La Rocha Martin
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Priority to PCT/MX2015/000201 priority Critical patent/WO2017105193A1/en
Publication of WO2017105193A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017105193A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04278—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using external refrigeration units, e.g. closed mechanical or regenerative refrigeration units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F25J5/005—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger in a reboiler-condenser, e.g. within a column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/40—One fluid being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/908—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by regenerative chillers, i.e. oscillating or dynamic systems, e.g. Stirling refrigerator, thermoelectric ("Peltier") or magnetic refrigeration

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the method and apparatus used for condensation of gases at cryogenic temperatures, combines the effects of a flash separator, a plate and fin heat exchanger and a very low temperature cooling system known as cryocooler.
  • WO2006124796A2 "GAS SEPARATION LIQUEFACTION MEANS AND PROCESSES"
  • the single or double column cryogenic gas separation devices are supplied by a Cryogenic chiller and by a throttling process of Joule-Thompson, where condensation of the gas can occur directly from the cold part of the cryogenic chiller that is perhaps located inside the thermally insulated space of the distillation column.
  • the system is particularly useful for medical applications, such as providing safe and economical high purity oxygen for home use.
  • the principles of the invention include a combined embodiment column of the simultaneous production of high purity liquid of oxygen and nitrogen gas.
  • Another double column design offers reduced temperature and pressure separation with ease of extraction between oxygen and nitrogen. If both gaseous and liquid oxygen are required, the purity should be approximately 95% that can be produced with a good recovery, that is, with the nitrogen purity of approximately 91%.
  • cryogenic air separation the cryogenic air separation system in gaseous nitrogen from a high pressure column and liquid oxygen from a low pressure column, each phase flowing in flow descending by the main heat exchanger; where the boiling of oxygen is avoided to prevent dryness inside the heat exchanger.
  • the main advantage of our invention is that it combines the cooling effects produced by the expansion of gases in an expansion chamber that functions as a flash condenser, with the effects of a cryocooler, whose cold focus is arranged in a heat exchanger located under the expansion chamber
  • the gas liquefaction industry conventionally uses turboexpansors to generate the cooling necessary to bring the gases to cryogenic temperatures.
  • FIGURES Figure 1 Shows a representation of the device for the partial or total condensation of a gas or a gas mixture (1); which is composed of a cryogenic container (10), inside which the heat exchanger is located of aluminum plates and fins (2) and the cryogenic cooler (3), both placed in vertical orientation.
  • the heat exchanger (3) has a set of open plates connected to an expansion chamber (8) located in its upper part; how much in addition to one or more sections of plates through which one or more cooling fluids flows;
  • the expansion devices (4) are placed for the entry of the gas mixture (1), which is sprayed evenly on the heat exchanger (2), once it has been expanded in the expansion chamber (8) located in the upper part of the heat exchanger itself (2).
  • the condensed fraction of the gas mixture flows through the walls of the heat exchanger (2) and is deposited in the lower part of the cryogenic container (10) which has a discharge outlet (7) located in its lower part.
  • Figure 2 It shows the graphic representation of the heat exchanger located inside the system container: in the upper part of the heat exchanger an expansion chamber (8) for the gas arrangement is placed, where the gas injection devices are placed (1) that they condense totally or partially and form a film or downward flow that flows inside the passages of the heat exchanger (2) and, against flow, the refrigerant gas circulates upwards.
  • the gas that is not partially condensed is condensed by the cryogenic cooler (3) that is located inside the heat exchanger (5).
  • the present invention is the improvement of a device for the condensation of gases at cryogenic temperatures.
  • the proposed equipment combines the cooling effects of a cryo-fan that can be of the Stiiiing, Gifford McMahon or Pulse Tube type; which has been mounted on a plate and fin heat exchanger in order to extend the cooling surface of the cold focus of the cryocooler.
  • the flow of pressurized feed gas enters a feed chamber located at the top of the heat exchanger.
  • One or more expansion devices are disposed in the chamber, where the gas is released, under conditions in which Joule Thompson effect cooling and partial condensation occur, whereby the upper chamber functions as a flash condenser; while the lower part of the plate exchanger, mechanically connected to the cold focus of the cryocooler, functions as a falling film condenser.
  • the described device will receive a pressurized gas inlet flow (1) that will be expanded by pressure decrease in valves or any other expansion device, and will have two outflows.
  • the equipment is contained in a tank to which a cryocooler has been connected.
  • the cold focus of this cryocooler is arranged inside the tank in which the components of the described equipment will be placed.
  • the temperature of this cold spot will be lower than the liquefaction temperature of the gas or mixture of gases to condense in the device.
  • the cold focus of the cryocooler will be inserted in a plate and fin heat exchanger constructed with high thermal conductance material, in order to extend the heat exchange surface; in this way a greater cooling surface will be available, with the ability to condense the gases entered into the device.
  • the plates and fins of this element will be placed in vertical orientation, so that the equipment functions as a falling film condenser.
  • an expansion chamber In the upper part of the heat exchange element, an expansion chamber will be located in which the pressurized gas injection device (s) will be placed.
  • the orifices or expansion valves arranged in that chamber will produce a sudden expansion or rapid reduction of the pressure of the fluid injected so that, in addition to cooling by the Joule Thompson effect, a partial condensation of the gas or gases entered will also be generated, operating said chamber as a flash condenser and, in the case of gas mixtures, as a flash separator.
  • a condensate gas downflow film is created, which is further cooled by the heat exchange between the condensed flow and the refrigerant flow. Mentioning gas which was not condensed by the flash separators, the gas comes into contact with the cryogenic cooler that is placed inside the plate and fin heat exchanger unit; when the gas is in contact and the condensation of the gas occurs with the cold focus of the cryocooler.
  • the benefits present in the invention obtaining the separation of the air with energy efficiency, greater obtaining of condensed air volume, use of a distillation tower of smaller size, compact design and reuse of waste gases from the separation process in towers of liquefaction.

Abstract

The present invention relates to an improvement of a device for gas separation, based on flash separators. The main function is to achieve homogeneous dispersion over the heat exchanger by means of the flash separators, to obtain improved heat exchange between the drops of the condensed gas and the walls of the exchanger. The uncondensed gas is condensed by means of a cryogenic cooler, thereby obtaining a volume of liquid that is subsequently treated in a distillation tower to separate the components.

Description

SISTEMA DE LICUEFACCION DE GASES POR CONDENSACIÓN FLASH, ENFRIADOR CRIOGÉNICO E INTERCAMBJADOR DE CALOR DE PLACA Y FLASH CONDENSATION GAS LICUEFACTION SYSTEM, CRYGICAL COOLER AND PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER AND
ALETA TIPO BAHX. BAHX TYPE FIN.
CAMPO TÉCNICO TECHNICAL FIELD
La presente invención se refiere al método y aparato utilizado para condensación de gases a temperaturas criogénicas, combina los efectos de un separador flash, un intercambiador de calor de placa y aleta y un sistema de enfriamiento de muy baja temperatura conocido como crioenfriador. The present invention relates to the method and apparatus used for condensation of gases at cryogenic temperatures, combines the effects of a flash separator, a plate and fin heat exchanger and a very low temperature cooling system known as cryocooler.
ANTECEDENTES BACKGROUND
La investigación en sistemas de refrigeración en los últimos 20 años ha dado lugar a importantes mejoras en las áreas con problemas de rentabilidad, eficiencia, tamaño, transferencia de calor y el costo. Los sistemas de refrigeración regenerativos se utilizan convenientemente en muchos sistemas criogénicos. Un número de modelos de enfriadores criogénicos están disponibles en el mercado como Stirling, GM (Gifford-McMahon), de tubo de pulsos. A pesar de que el principio de funcionamiento del ciclo de refrigeración es diferente entre ellos, cada uno de estos tienen en común una superficie fría cilindrica llamada "Cabeza fría". Este tipo de cabeza fría es de diámetro pequeño y el área de refrigeración es bastante limitada, que a menudo se convierte en un obstáculo importante para el diseño térmico eficiente. Research in refrigeration systems in the last 20 years has resulted in significant improvements in areas with problems of profitability, efficiency, size, heat transfer and cost. Regenerative cooling systems are conveniently used in many cryogenic systems. A number of cryogenic chiller models are commercially available such as Stirling, GM (Gifford-McMahon), pulse tube. Although the principle of operation of the refrigeration cycle is different between them, each of these has in common a cylindrical cold surface called "Cold head". This type of cold head is small in diameter and the cooling area is quite limited, which often becomes a major obstacle to efficient thermal design.
En ia patente No. US6269658 B1, "CRYOGENIC RECTIFICARON SYSTEM WITH PULSE TUBE REFRIGERARON", se describe un sistema de refrigeración necesaria, que se genera por un pulso a un gas, el gas comprimido se expande para la generación de ondas en un extremo del tubo de pulso para la transferencia en el sistema de refrigeración. En las patentes No. US 20060260358 A1 , "GAS SEPARATION LIQUEFACTION MEANS ANO PROCESSES" y No. WO2006124796A2, "GAS SEPARATION LIQUEFACTION MEANS AND PROCESSES", en donde los dispositivos de separación de gas criogénico de columna simple o doble, es suministrada por un enfriador criogénico y por un proceso de estrangulamiento de Joule-Thompson, donde puede ocurrir la condensación del gas directamente de la parte fría del enfriador criogénico que tal vez, está situado en el interior del espacio térmicamente aislado de la columna de destilación. El sistema es particularmente útil para aplicaciones médicas, tales como proporcionar el oxígeno de alta pureza seguro y económico para su uso en el hogar. Los principios de la invención incluyen una columna de realización combinada de la producción simultánea de liquido de alta pureza de oxígeno y nitrógeno gaseoso. Otro diseño de doble columna ofrece la temperatura y presión reducida de separación con facilidad de extracción entre el oxígeno y nitrógeno. Si se requieren tanto el oxigeno gaseoso y líquido, la pureza debe ser aproximada al 95% que se puede producir con una buena recuperación, es decir, con la pureza de nitrógeno de aproximadamente 91%. In the patent No. US6269658 B1, "CRYOGENIC RECTIFIED SYSTEM WITH PULSE TUBE REFRIGERATED", a necessary cooling system is described, which is generated by a pulse to a gas, the compressed gas is expanded for the generation of waves at one end of the Pulse tube for transfer in the cooling system. In patents No. US 20060260358 A1, "GAS SEPARATION LIQUEFACTION MEANS ANO PROCESSES" and No. WO2006124796A2, "GAS SEPARATION LIQUEFACTION MEANS AND PROCESSES", wherein the single or double column cryogenic gas separation devices are supplied by a Cryogenic chiller and by a throttling process of Joule-Thompson, where condensation of the gas can occur directly from the cold part of the cryogenic chiller that is perhaps located inside the thermally insulated space of the distillation column. The system is particularly useful for medical applications, such as providing safe and economical high purity oxygen for home use. The principles of the invention include a combined embodiment column of the simultaneous production of high purity liquid of oxygen and nitrogen gas. Another double column design offers reduced temperature and pressure separation with ease of extraction between oxygen and nitrogen. If both gaseous and liquid oxygen are required, the purity should be approximately 95% that can be produced with a good recovery, that is, with the nitrogen purity of approximately 91%.
Por otro lado mencionando los sistemas que emplean condensadores de flujo, intercambiador de calor, tipo flujo descendente principalmente son empleados para la humectabilidad adecuada de los pasajes dentro del mismo. La recirculación del líquido da como resultado el rendimiento en la transferencia de calor, así como también permiten la satisfacción de los criterios de seguridad evitando que el gas líquido hierva hasta la sequedad. Para evitar lo anterior es empleada una corriente refrigerante. El intercambiador de calor tipo de placas y aletas es el más utilizado en los sistemas de refrigeración criogénica y licuefacción de gases a grande escala. La gran ventaja es el diseño compacto y flexible, con sus múltiples capas de láminas corrugadas de aluminio separadas por placas planas para crear una serie de cámaras con aletas; las cuales proporcionan un área de superficie por unidad de volumen mucho mayor (diez veces más) que los intercambiadores de calor de tubo y carcasa convencionales. Con este tipo de intercambiadores es posible que el diseño permita 3 configuraciones a contra flujo, flujo paralelo, flujo cruzado, multi-pasos o multi- corrientes. On the other hand, mentioning the systems that employ flow condensers, heat exchanger, downflow type are mainly used for the adequate wettability of the passages within it. The recirculation of the liquid results in the heat transfer performance, as well as allowing the satisfaction of the safety criteria preventing the liquid gas from boiling to dryness. To avoid the above, a cooling current is used. The plate and fin type heat exchanger is the most widely used in cryogenic refrigeration and large-scale gas liquefaction systems. The great advantage is the compact and flexible design, with its multiple layers of corrugated aluminum sheets separated by flat plates to create a series of finned cameras; which provide a surface area per unit of volume much greater (ten times more) than conventional tube and shell heat exchangers. With this type of exchangers it is possible that the design allows 3 configurations against flow, parallel flow, cross flow, multi-step or multi-stream.
En la patente No. US7421856B2, "Cryogenic air separation with once-through main condenser", donde la separación criogénica del aire de una columna de alta presión de oxígeno líquido y de una columna de baja presión pasa a través de un solo paso al intercambiador de calor principal, en donde no todo el oxígeno líquido se evapora. La salida del vapor del condensador tiene una relación de masa del caudal dentro del rango de 0,05 a 0,5.  In the patent No. US7421856B2, "Cryogenic air separation with once-through main condenser", where the cryogenic separation of air from a high pressure column of liquid oxygen and a low pressure column passes through a single step to the exchanger of main heat, where not all liquid oxygen evaporates. The steam output of the condenser has a mass ratio of the flow rate within the range of 0.05 to 0.5.
En la patente No. CA2612311C, "Cryogenic air separation", el sistema separación criogénica del aire en el nitrógeno gaseoso a partir de una columna de alta presión y el oxígeno líquido a partir de una columna de baja presión, cada fase que fluye en flujo descendente por el intercambiador de calor principal; en donde se evita la ebullición del oxígeno para evitar la sequedad dentro del intercambiador de calor.  In patent No. CA2612311C, "Cryogenic air separation", the cryogenic air separation system in gaseous nitrogen from a high pressure column and liquid oxygen from a low pressure column, each phase flowing in flow descending by the main heat exchanger; where the boiling of oxygen is avoided to prevent dryness inside the heat exchanger.
Con lo citado anteriormente no se han encontrado referencias de la utilización de separadores flash en conjunto con intercambiadores tipo BAHX y enfriadores criogénicos. With the aforementioned, no references have been found of the use of flash separators in conjunction with BAHX type exchangers and cryogenic chillers.
La principal ventaja de nuestra invención es que combina los efectos de enfriamiento producidos por la expansión de gases en una cámara de expansión que funciona como condensador flash, con los efectos de un crioenfriador, cuyo foco frío es dispuesto en un inrtercambiador de calor situado bajo la cámara de expansión.  The main advantage of our invention is that it combines the cooling effects produced by the expansion of gases in an expansion chamber that functions as a flash condenser, with the effects of a cryocooler, whose cold focus is arranged in a heat exchanger located under the expansion chamber
La industria de licuefacción de gases convencionalmente utiliza turboexpansores para generar el enfriamiento necesario para llevar los gases a temperaturas criogénicas.  The gas liquefaction industry conventionally uses turboexpansors to generate the cooling necessary to bring the gases to cryogenic temperatures.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE FIGURAS Figura 1. Muestra una representación del dispositivo para la condensación parcial o total de un gas o una mezcla gaseosa (1); el cual se compone de un contenedor criogénico (10), en cuyo interior se sitúa el intercambiador de calor de placas y aletas de aluminio (2) y el enfriador criogénico (3), ambos colocados en orientación vertical. El intercambiador de calor (3) tiene un conjunto de placas abiertas conectadas a una cámara de expansión (8) ubicada en su parte superior; cuanta además con una o más secciones de placas por las que fluye uno o más fluidos refrigerantes; en la parte superior el intercambiador de calor (2) están colocados los dispositivos de expansión (4) para el ingreso de la mezcla gaseosa (1), que se rocía de manera uniforme sobre ei intercambiador de calor (2), una vez que ha sido expandida en la cámara de expansión (8) situada en la parte superior del propio intercambiador de calor (2). La fracción condensada de la mezcla gaseosa fluye por las paredes del intercambiador de calor (2) y se deposita en la parte inferior del contenedor criogénico (10) el cual posee una salida de descarga (7) ubicado en su parte inferior. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES Figure 1. Shows a representation of the device for the partial or total condensation of a gas or a gas mixture (1); which is composed of a cryogenic container (10), inside which the heat exchanger is located of aluminum plates and fins (2) and the cryogenic cooler (3), both placed in vertical orientation. The heat exchanger (3) has a set of open plates connected to an expansion chamber (8) located in its upper part; how much in addition to one or more sections of plates through which one or more cooling fluids flows; In the upper part of the heat exchanger (2) the expansion devices (4) are placed for the entry of the gas mixture (1), which is sprayed evenly on the heat exchanger (2), once it has been expanded in the expansion chamber (8) located in the upper part of the heat exchanger itself (2). The condensed fraction of the gas mixture flows through the walls of the heat exchanger (2) and is deposited in the lower part of the cryogenic container (10) which has a discharge outlet (7) located in its lower part.
Figura 2. Muestra la representación gráfica del intercambiador de calor ubicado dentro del contenedor del sistema: en la parte superior del intercambiador de calor se coloca una cámara de expansión (8) para la disposición del gas, donde están colocados los dispositivos de inyección de gases (1) que se condensan de manera total o parcialmente y forman un película o flujo descendente que fluye por el interior de los pasajes del intercambiador de calor (2) y, a contra flujo el gas refrigerante circula de manera ascendente. El gas que no es condensado de manera parcial se condensa por el enfriador criogénico (3) que está situado en el interior el intercambiador de calor (5).  Figure 2. It shows the graphic representation of the heat exchanger located inside the system container: in the upper part of the heat exchanger an expansion chamber (8) for the gas arrangement is placed, where the gas injection devices are placed (1) that they condense totally or partially and form a film or downward flow that flows inside the passages of the heat exchanger (2) and, against flow, the refrigerant gas circulates upwards. The gas that is not partially condensed is condensed by the cryogenic cooler (3) that is located inside the heat exchanger (5).
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
La presente invención es la mejora de un dispositivo para la condensación de gases a temperaturas criogénicas. El equipo propuesto combina los efectos de enfriamiento de un crioenfirador que puede ser del tipo Stiiiing, Gifford McMahon o Tubo de Pulso; que ha sido montado en un intercambiador de calor de placa y aleta con el propósito de extender la superficie de enfriamiento del foco frió del crioenfriador. El flujo de gas presurizado de alimentación ingresa a una cámara de alimentación situada en la parte superior del intercambiador de calor. En dicha cámara se dispone uno o más dispositivos de expansión, donde ei gas es liberado, en condiciones en las que se produce un enfriamiento por efecto Joule Thompson y una condensación parcial, por lo cual la cámara superior funciona como condensador flash; mientras que la parte inferior del intercambiador de placas, conectada mecánicamente al foco frío del crioenfriador, funciona como condensador de película descendente. The present invention is the improvement of a device for the condensation of gases at cryogenic temperatures. The proposed equipment combines the cooling effects of a cryo-fan that can be of the Stiiiing, Gifford McMahon or Pulse Tube type; which has been mounted on a plate and fin heat exchanger in order to extend the cooling surface of the cold focus of the cryocooler. The flow of pressurized feed gas enters a feed chamber located at the top of the heat exchanger. In bliss One or more expansion devices are disposed in the chamber, where the gas is released, under conditions in which Joule Thompson effect cooling and partial condensation occur, whereby the upper chamber functions as a flash condenser; while the lower part of the plate exchanger, mechanically connected to the cold focus of the cryocooler, functions as a falling film condenser.
El dispositivo descrito recibirá un flujo de ingreso de gas presurizado (1) que será expandido por decremento de presión en válvulas o cualquier otro dispositivo de expansión, y dispondrá de dos flujos de salida.  The described device will receive a pressurized gas inlet flow (1) that will be expanded by pressure decrease in valves or any other expansion device, and will have two outflows.
Estructuralmente el equipo está contenido en un tanque al que ha sido conectado un crioenfriador. El foco frío de este crioenfriador se dispone en el interior del tanque en el que se colocarán los componentes del equipo descrito. La temperatura de este foco frío será menor a la temperatura de licuefacción del gas o mezcla de gases a condensar en el dispositivo. Structurally the equipment is contained in a tank to which a cryocooler has been connected. The cold focus of this cryocooler is arranged inside the tank in which the components of the described equipment will be placed. The temperature of this cold spot will be lower than the liquefaction temperature of the gas or mixture of gases to condense in the device.
El foco frío del crioenfriador será insertado en un intercambiador de calor de placa y aleta construido con material de elevada conductancia térmica, con el fin de extender la superficie de intercambio de calor; de este modo se dispondrá de una mayor superficie de enfriamiento, con capacidad de condensar los gases ingresados ai dispositivo. Las placas y aletas de este elemento se colocarán en orientación vertical, de modo que el equipo funciona como un condensador de película descendente. The cold focus of the cryocooler will be inserted in a plate and fin heat exchanger constructed with high thermal conductance material, in order to extend the heat exchange surface; in this way a greater cooling surface will be available, with the ability to condense the gases entered into the device. The plates and fins of this element will be placed in vertical orientation, so that the equipment functions as a falling film condenser.
En la parte superior del elemento de intercambio de calor, se ubicará una cámara de expansión en la que será colocado el o los dispositivos de inyección de gases presurizados. Los orificios o válvulas de expansión dispuestos en esa cámara producirán una expansión repentina o reducción rápida de la presión del fluido ingresado de manera que, además de producirse un enfriamiento por el efecto Joule Thompson, se generará además una condensación parcial del o los gases ingresados, haciendo funcionar a dicha cámara como un condensador flash y, para el caso de las mezclas gaseosas, como separador flash.  In the upper part of the heat exchange element, an expansion chamber will be located in which the pressurized gas injection device (s) will be placed. The orifices or expansion valves arranged in that chamber will produce a sudden expansion or rapid reduction of the pressure of the fluid injected so that, in addition to cooling by the Joule Thompson effect, a partial condensation of the gas or gases entered will also be generated, operating said chamber as a flash condenser and, in the case of gas mixtures, as a flash separator.
Dentro de los pasajes del intercambiador de calor se crea una película de flujo descendente de gas condensado, el cual se enfría aún más por el intercambio de calor entre el flujo condensado y el flujo del refrigerante. Mencionando al gas que no fue condensado por los separadores flash, el gas entra contacto con el enfriador criogénico que es colocado en el interior de la unidad del intercambiador de calor de placas y aletas; al estar en contacto el gas y con el foco frío del crioenfriador se produce la condensación del gas. Within the passages of the heat exchanger, a condensate gas downflow film is created, which is further cooled by the heat exchange between the condensed flow and the refrigerant flow. Mentioning gas which was not condensed by the flash separators, the gas comes into contact with the cryogenic cooler that is placed inside the plate and fin heat exchanger unit; when the gas is in contact and the condensation of the gas occurs with the cold focus of the cryocooler.
Los beneficios presentes en la invención: obtención de la separación del aire con eficiencia energética, mayor obtención de volumen de aire condensado, utilización de una torre de destilación de menor tamaño, diseño compacto y reutilización de gases de residuo del proceso de separación en torres de licuefacción.  The benefits present in the invention: obtaining the separation of the air with energy efficiency, greater obtaining of condensed air volume, use of a distillation tower of smaller size, compact design and reuse of waste gases from the separation process in towers of liquefaction.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES Lo que reclama la siguiente invención es: CLAIMS What the following invention claims is:
1. Un dispositivo para la licuefacción parcial o total de un gas o una mezcla de gases previamente presurizada y enfriada, que utiliza los efectos combinados de un condensador flash y un crioenfrador; en el que el gas se alimenta a través de un dispositivo de expansión ubicado en una cámara para ese efecto, que está instalada sobre un intercambiador de calor de placa y aleta, en el cual el gas que ha sido parcialmente condensado a consecuencia del cambio de presión fluye en trayectoria descendente, en contacto con la superficie de las aletas del intercambiador de calor en donde sucede una mayor condensación del fluido el cual desciende y es captado en el fondo del recipiente que contiene al sistema completo, por donde es descargada la fracción condensada del fluido; mientras que la fase no condensada sale del sistema por una salida instalada en la parte superior del recipiente contenedor.  1. A device for the partial or total liquefaction of a gas or a previously pressurized and cooled gas mixture, which uses the combined effects of a flash condenser and a cryocooler; in which the gas is fed through an expansion device located in a chamber for that purpose, which is installed on a plate and fin heat exchanger, in which the gas that has been partially condensed as a result of the change of pressure flows downward, in contact with the surface of the fins of the heat exchanger where there is a greater condensation of the fluid which descends and is captured at the bottom of the container containing the entire system, through which the condensed fraction is discharged of the fluid; while the uncondensed phase leaves the system through an outlet installed in the upper part of the container.
2. Un dispositivo de expansión de un gas o una mezcla gaseosa como el descrito en la reivindicación 1 , que puede ser de placa de orificio, válvula de expansión o una turbina de expansión o cualquier dispositivo para la disminución de la presión del fluido gaseoso alimentado, que es parcialmente condensado en virtud del cambio de presión del fluido un enfriamiento del mismo. Este dispositivo es ubicado dentro de una cámara de expansión situada sobre un intercambiador de calor de placa y aleta, por donde fluye las fracciones líquida y gaseosa del fluido alimentado. 2. An expansion device for a gas or a gas mixture as described in claim 1, which may be a orifice plate, an expansion valve or an expansion turbine or any device for lowering the pressure of the supplied gaseous fluid , which is partially condensed by virtue of the change in fluid pressure a cooling thereof. This device is located inside an expansion chamber located on a plate and fin heat exchanger, where the liquid and gas fractions of the fed fluid flow.
3. Un intercambiador de calor de placa y aleta, como el descrito en la reivindicación 1 , ubicado bajo una cámara de expansión como la descrita en la reivindicación 2, en el que las placas y aletas que lo conforman están a una temperatura inferior al punto de condensación del fluido alimentado, por tener insertado el foco frío de un crioenfriador. El gas o mezcla gaseosa proveniente de la cámara de expansión, fluye en trayectoria descendente en contacto con la superficie del intercambiador de calor, incrementando la fracción condensada del fluido, que podrá condensarse total o parcialmente. 3. A plate and fin heat exchanger, as described in claim 1, located under an expansion chamber as described in claim 2, wherein the plates and fins that comprise it are at a temperature below the point of condensation of the fed fluid, for having inserted the cold focus of a cryocooler. The gas or gaseous mixture from the expansion chamber flows downward in contact with the surface of the heat exchanger, increasing the condensed fraction of the fluid, which can be totally or partially condensed.
4. Un dispositivo críoenfríador, como el descrito en la reivindicación 1, que puede ser de tipo de tipo Stirling, o Gifford McMahon o de Tubo de Pulso, cuyo foco frío tiene una temperatura inferior al punto de condensación del gas alimentado al sistema, y que es insertado en un intercambiador de calor de placa y aleta, como el descrito en la reivindicación 3, con el fin de expandir el área de enfriamiento del foco frió.  4. A cryocooler device, as described in claim 1, which can be of the Stirling type, or Gifford McMahon or Pulse Tube, whose cold focus has a temperature below the dew point of the gas fed to the system, and which is inserted into a plate and fin heat exchanger, as described in claim 3, in order to expand the cooling area of the cold focus.
5. Un dispositivo como el descrito en la reivindicación 1, que recibe una mezcla gaseosa y capaz de lograr la separación parcial de los gases componentes de esa mezcla, al modificar la composición de las fracciones liquida y gaseosa resultantes.  5. A device as described in claim 1, which receives a gaseous mixture and capable of achieving partial separation of the component gases of that mixture, by modifying the composition of the resulting liquid and gaseous fractions.
6. Un dispositivo de intercambio de calor como el descrito en la reivindicación 3, que recibe un fluido refrigerante que pasa por una de las secciones de placas del intercambiador, con el fin de retirar calor del fluido principal que ha sido ingresado en la cámara de expansión.  6. A heat exchange device as described in claim 3, which receives a refrigerant fluid passing through one of the exchanger plate sections, in order to remove heat from the main fluid that has been introduced into the chamber of expansion.
PCT/MX2015/000201 2015-12-16 2015-12-16 System for liquefying gases by means of flash condensation, a cryogenic cooler and a plate fin heat exchanger (bahx) WO2017105193A1 (en)

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US6212904B1 (en) * 1999-11-01 2001-04-10 In-X Corporation Liquid oxygen production
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