WO2017129372A1

WO2017129372A1 - Accelerating member for vertical shaft impact crusher

Info

Publication number: WO2017129372A1
Application number: PCT/EP2017/000265
Authority: WO
Inventors: Johannes Petrus Andreas Josephus Van Der Zanden
Original assignee: VAN DER MEER, Willem, Ronald, Hans
Priority date: 2016-01-25
Filing date: 2017-02-24
Publication date: 2017-08-03
Also published as: EP3408030A1; NL1041689B1; EP3408030B1

Abstract

The present invention may be regarded as to present a constructional design for an accelerating member for a vertical shaft impact crusher provided with an acceleration face constructed partly of base material sections and partly highly wear resistant insert members, such that development of an irregular wear pattern is avoided and premature wash-out and consequently breaking away of insert members is prevented, or at least hindered and the insert members are maximally utilized, which accelerating parts are easy to manufacture, may limit lifting weight to a maximum of 10-20 kg, and are provided with a simple attachment arrangement for very easy and quick exchange.

Description

ACCELERATING MEMBER FOR VERTICAL SHAFT IMPACT CRUSHER

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the constructional design for an accelerating member for an open rotor provided with an acceleration face constructed partly of base material sections and partly highly wear resistant insert members to achieve a long useful lifetime in condition of heavy wear and dynamic loading, more specific, to be applied for centrifugal acceleration of abrasive particle material in a vertical shaft impact crusher.

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION

Wear poses a major problem with construction, demolition, recycling, quarrying and mining, and many other industries. Wear parts are expensive and have to be frequently exchanged, which is labour intensive, and time consuming causing long downtime, and exchange is often dangerous due to complicated attachment and high lifting weight, causing much injury.

The vertical shaft impact crusher is popular for the production of high quality aggregates for asphalt and concrete, and is known from US 4, 174,814 (Warren) and US 4,699,326 (Warren). With this technique the material is fed onto the central part of a rotor that rotates rapidly about a vertical axis of rotation and is provided with accelerating members, often called shoes, for accelerating of the particle material with the aid of centrifugal force along a radially directed accelerating face, to be thrown at high velocity from the rotor to collide with the impact faces of impact members, often called anvils, surrounding the rotor, to be crushed during impact against the impact faces. The shoe accelerating members and the anvil ring impact members from US 4, 174,814 are still state of the art, though far from practical, as explained in more detail in 'The Future of VSI' published by applicant in Aufbereitungstechnik 01 /02/2016 pp 59-72, which is herein incorporated by reference.

So is wear material only utilized for one third, because the shoe and anvil working faces develop a channel like wear pattern, which means that two third expensive throwaway materials, and explains the high wear costs. Moreover, wear channel formation strongly affects acceleration behaviour and causes a sharp reduction of the breakage probability during impact.

Exchange, often daily, of the heavy shoe accelerating members is rather complicated, often causing long downtimes. Lifting weight is 40 kg plus, far above the 20-25 kg recommended by health authorities, and the operator is standing in a very narrow space on top of an unstable rotor - by many regarded as inhuman working conditions - causing often serious injury. The attachment gets easily stuck, and heavy damage to the holders during operation cannot be avoided, which requires frequent exchange of the rotor table, adding to the burden of the operator and the costs.

The problem with the lifting weight may be solved by horizontally splitting of the shoe accelerating member into two parts, a technique known from WO2014082722, which is in the name of applicant. US 3,474,974 (Wood) proposes an accelerating member for a closed rotor, horizontally split into three or four plate parts positioned on top of each other on the assumption that wear concentrates along the center plate, providing the upper and lower plates a much longer useful lifetime, which assumption is however not really practical because the wear channel extends into the adjacent plate parts. The plate parts are attached either with a pin member stretching throughout the plate parts, or centrifugally locked, in both case clamped between two rotor blades. US 3,767,127 (Wood) proposes a V- shaped accelerating member clamped with the aid of a support member between two rotor bladed, optimally horizontally split into two parts, and possibly provided with columns of hard metal strips alternating with base material, a technique discussed later in more detail.

Steel and cast iron can be alloyed and processed and to attain certain wear resistance. With abrasive feed at 250 t/h, the shoe accelerating members attain typically a useful lifetime less than one hour with hard steel alloy and about four hours with a hard cast iron alloy, still far too short to be practical. Useful lifetime is redoubled to a somewhat more practical eight hours with cast-in ceramic insert members, creating so-called ceramic shoe accelerating members, a technique known from US 6,601 ,789 ( Bajadali et al), that may also be applied for anvil impact members. Ceramic casting is however rather complicated. The ceramic particles have to be evenly distributed throughout the insert members and completely enclosed in the iron matrix to be effective, because any voids cause premature washout of ceramics and large variations in life-time. But it appears to be very difficult to keep the ceramics in place during casting because iron has a density about three times higher than ceramics. Moreover, liquid iron undergoes a contraction in volume due to solidification of up to six percent, and the coefficient of expansion of ceramics is much lower than of iron. Another typical casting problem is that air may be entrapped in and around the insert members by the sudden rush of metal during pouring. Ceramic castings was introduced in 2000, but foundries are still struggling with these problems; large variations in lifetime persist and are hard to predict. This to the dismay of operators because an unexpected drop in lifetime can cause heavy damage to the rotor and the housing. Despite there drawbacks, ceramic shoe accelerating members are still the preferred choice for use in vertical shaft impact crushers; but are also the cause that said crusher has become less popular.

More advanced techniques have been proposed to increase wear resistance with ceramic material to certain extend; amongst others US 7,513,295 (Poncin) with the application of powdered carbides and WO 2010/031662 (Vescera) with the application of globular micrometrical titanium, but this techniques have yet to prove to be practical.

A much more interesting technique to increase useful lifetime, up to ten fold relative to ceramics, applies a technique wherein the accelerating face is provided with inserted hard metal wear members, in particular cemented carbides. Likewise with ceramics, attempts have been made to mix carbide granules with the liquid or molten iron before casting. However, as explained in US 6,717,713 (Smith et all), cast white iron can be sensitive to the addition of carbides. Tungsten carbide is heavier than white iron while silicon carbide is lighter. Because both carbides melt at much higher melting points, they will tend to settle or float in the molten white iron in unpredictable ways. Silicon carbides are easier to employ but are less effective than tungsten carbide in increasing abrasion resistance. Moreover, merely mixing tungsten carbide granules with the liquid or molten white iron prior to pouring it into the mold would increase wear resistance only slightly because only a limited quantity of tungsten carbide can be added before solidification or premature hardening of the white iron would occur. Thus, when carbides are added or mixed with molten white iron and dispersed throughout the cast member, the casting will have only a slight overall increase in wear resistance, and attempts to increase the amount of carbide used cause a degradation of the resulting cast member, with formation of unpredictable pockets of carbide material. Furthermore, it has been found that extremely fine powders of carbide materials tend to be less effective in increasing the wear resistance of white irons than granules or larger particles of carbides. It is believed that because the carbide does not combine with the white iron in an alloying sense, a larger granule of carbide in white iron matrix raises the wear resistance to a greater degree than fine powders. Taken the above discussion into account, US 6,717,713 (Smith et all) proposes to provide the accelerating face with raised portions, or series of half column members, each formed of a composite material including a white iron alloy and granular carbide, possibly to cast similar raised portions along the upper rim and a lower rim to the accelerating face, along the upper and lower rim provided with similar radial raised portions, creating a accelerating face of axial half columns alternating with axial columns of cast iron face, which configuration has a strong tendency to develop an irregular- each board like - wear pattern, limiting the expected increase in useful lifetime.

Another approach is to provide the accelerating face with hard metal insert members; that is, a base member of a strong metal alloy, typically a steel alloy, that is provided with hard metal insert members along the accelerating face. First attempts in 1973 apply rectangular insert members positioned next to other each other, creating an acceleration face of inserted vertical columns of hard metal, alternating with columns of base material in between, known from US 3,767, 127 (Wood discussed before) involving a closed rotor - and proposes also horizontal splitting of the accelerating member. US 4,871,1 19 (Murata et al), proposes a metal base member parts provided with accelerating face parts provided with hard metal plate elements, which hard metal acceleration block parts are shrewd to a base member. The plate element is attached by brazing and provides complete hard metal coverage of the accelerating face, which proved to be far too heavy and extremely expensive, and therefore impractical.

To save on costs, later approaches concentrate on partial coverage of the shoe accelerating face with hard metal, wherein a metal or cast iron base member provides a accelerating face partial of base material and partial of hard metal insert members, either separately attached in insert openings of a metal base member or with hard metal insert members and/or hard metal particles integrally cast-in with the base member.

US 4,787,564 (Tucker et al) discloses an accelerating face partial of base face and partial of inserted hard metal member rod like pallets, wherein the shoe may be provided with a separate, possibly removable, wear plate that provides the accelerating face with cast-in hard metal elements, for easy manufacturing; but hard metal is extremely heavy and very expensive, and great hardness goes hand in had with brittleness, which means that hard metal insert members easily break. The heavy handling weight, requires strengthening of both the rotor and attachment arrangement, as well of the shaft member, and manufacturing and exchange proves to be labor intensive due to high handling weight.

US 5,954,282 (Britske and Hise) discloses an early attempt to provide the accelerating face of a shoe accelerating member with a plurality of wear resistant rod members, press-fit into bores formed in the accelerating face of a metal base member. Not meeting expectations, US 7,416, 146 (Britzke) proposes to position the press-fit rod members closer (stitched) together but also this technique suffered from serious drawbacks during operation in the field. But the technique of wear resistant rods press fit into bores in shoes for VSI crushers suffered from drawbacks during operation in the field, as explained in US2003/0213861 (Condon et al), to which reference is made, and notes that: The hard material rods have proven durable in resisting wear but the ferrous material of the base member wears out at a predictably accelerated rate in comparison to the rods. As the body ferrous material recedes, the wear rods become dislodged which led to premature wash out of the rods. In efforts to protect hard material rods from wash out, attempt have been made to position adjacent hard material rods closer together, but have been unsuccessful. In these prior designs it was necessary that the spacing between the rods became so small that the strength and integrity of the ferrous body for receiving and holding (interference fit) the insert rods weakened and softened to the point that the interference fit was insufficiently strong to hold the rods in place. The washed out rods are hurled against the anvils and other components of the vertical shaft impeller (VSI) causing accelerated wear and greater damage to the VSI as the compact insert members bounce back and are constantly flung within the accelerating member against anvils and other components. On occasion such compact insert members would knock loose other compact insert members resulting in more destruction and even greater acceleration of damage within the VSI', which led to another approach with led the inventors of US2003/021361 (Condon et al) to try another approach, that is, to prevent wash-out of hard metal metal rods (from US2003/0213891, sited before) which are integrally cast-in with the base member, together with hard metal particles along the face of the base member surrounding the rods, a technique called composite casting. This technique is very complicated, yet expensive, when casting a complete shoe, and it is therefore proposed (likewise US 4,787,564, sited before) to split the shoe in two parts, that is a body member to which an exchangeable shield member is attached providing the accelerating face part and a base working member part provided with hard metal rods; which is still a rather complicated configuration (and it is not explained how the shield member is firmly attached to the body member).

The drawbacks experienced with inserted press fit and cast-in rods led to US 7, 16,146 (Britzke et al) with the possible application of inserted bar members - as already proposed in US 3,767, 127 (Wood, discussed before) - attached to the accelerating face of a metal base member in insert openings by brazing. The bars stretching next to other a small distance apart along the entire axial dimension of the accelerating face, alternating with base material. But the proposed configuration, which proposed also a central feed disk and sliding plates stretch along the rotor in front of the working faces, both provided with press-fit hard metal rods, led to an extremely complicated rotor configuration, which proved to be far to expensive to manufacture with wear parts that are far to heavy, and therefore not to be practical; and the configuration with alternating columns of hard metal and bases material may develop an irregular wear pattern, as will be discussed later.

US 7,028,936 (Condon et al) proposes a shoe accelerating member, comprising a base member provided with hard metal insert bars cast-in along the accelerating face. The bar members are not rectangular but widen along two sides into the base member, expected to achieve a stronger attachment to prevent wash-out. The bar members are positioned along the accelerating face, inserted in angled position stretch into the base member away from the axis of rotation, on top of each along axial columns alternating with columns of base face, which may, likewise US 4,787,564 (Britske discussed before) develop an irregular wear pattern, as will be discussed later. Furthermore, radial rows of bar members are positioned along the upper edge and lower edge of the accelerating face. Also this configuration proved to be far to expensive to manufacture with wear parts that are far to heavy, and therefore not to be practical;

US 2007/0007376 (Condon et al) proposes a composite anvil impact member comprising a casted base member provided with an impact face with cast-in inserted hard metal block members positioned, configured, positioned and oriented a small distance apart, such that the accelerating face has a high concentration of hard metal wear face and a low concentration of base face. The insert faces may be positioned in series of rows and/or columns, possibly overlapping, in such fashion that horizontal gaps stretching along the entire accelerating face are interrupted, to prevent wear developing along the entire horizontal direction. It is very difficult to keep the hard metal blocks in place during casting, which led the inventors to US 7,909,279 (Condon et al) and US 8,016,219 (Condon et al) wherein rectangular hard metal insert block members are attached in an opening along the accelerating face, called a forward depression, on top and next to each other in a regular pattern of rows and columns stretching along the accelerating face. The inserted block members are positioned a small distance apart, and attached with a thermoset epoxy adhesive which also fills the small gaps or insert joints between the block members, and alternatively with brazing alloys or air set epoxies; and allows also for mechanical or welded type attachments such as bolting or plug welding. The filled insert joints are important because it is common for hard materials such as cemented tungsten carbide to crack and a single crack in a one-piece insert design could cause the entire anvil to quickly fail. The filled insert joints between the insert members serve to prevent crack propagation, such that a crack in an insert that is a small part of a larger array will affect only the cracked insert which is less likely to affect the useful lifetime of the wear member, and is the reason that using many smaller wear resistant insert members with insert joints in between is preferable to using one large wear resistant insert to fill the forward depression. To improve the strength of the attachment, the wear resistant insert members may have an interlocking geometry, such as a tongue and groove design or a shiplap joint. The thickness of the wear members may vary, with thicker wear members applied where more intense wear is expected. The insert member may also be arranged in two layers, with the interior layer as a safety barrier should the outer layer wear through or become dislodged. The layers are installed in a staggered pattern to counter erosion of joints.

EP 2545996 (Moosmann et al) proposes a shoe working member that is axially split along an axial separation joint, creating two standing working member parts, positioned abut against each other, each comprising a metal base member provided with a accelerating face part, creating a accelerating face of two accelerating face parts. Each accelerating face part provided with a plurality of hard metal insert members positioned on top of each other in series of axial columns stretching along the accelerating face a distance apart, attached to the base member in grooves by brazing, alternating with columns of base face; a configuration already proposed in US 3,767,125 (Wood, mentioned before) for a closed rotor, and in US 7,416, 146 (Britzke et al discussed before) for an open rotor. The shoe working member parts are screwed to a body member that is provided with means for attachment to the rotor. The shoe working member of EP 2545996 is of three parts and very complicated, and very difficult to manufacture, yet very expensive. Handling weight is approximately 65 kg, far too heavy for manual handling. The configuration of the accelerating face with of alternating columns of hard metal insert members and base face, has a strong tendency to develop an irregular radial wave-like wear pattern resembling a wash board, as will be discussed late, significantly limiting the useful lifetime which is determined by the insert member that wears of first, leaving large amounts of very expensive hard metal insert members which are only partly utilized as throw-away, limiting useful lifetime and increasing wear costs and downtime accordingly, which makes the known composite shoe accelerating member not practical.

Also casted steel plate plates and strips may be reinforced with insert members to increase wear resistance of the working face, to be applied for wear protection of machinery surfaces, possible bended. US 8,241,761 (both Garber et al) proposes a casting wherein a plurality of carbide containing wear resistant strip members are embedded in a base of less wear resistant ductile material, the strips arranged a distance apart overlap each other in series of rows positioned angled to the moment of abrasive material such that continuity of the base material stretching between the strips is prevented to avoid concentration of wear along the base material and possible wash-out of the strips. Related US 5,328,776 (Garber et al) proposes the inclusion of a continuous central wear resistant element between the rows of strips. US 2010/0143742 (Tsypine et al) proposes compound wear resistant casting for steel plates and strips provided with a compact grid of wear resistant members of embedded in a matrix of less wear resistant ductile material which grid is placed in the mould before casting, the grid may be constructed of a number of wear members which may be connected together by bridges to prevent the wear members from separation from the matrix and for protection the weaker areas of ductile material within the grid, the grid creating one solid member for easy manufacturing and to increase wear resistance of the accelerating face because base areas are protected, and the grids may be applied multi level. The proposed composite castings with embedded wear resistant members, rows and strips, may be successful for larger metal plates, but this technique is not practical to manufacture a highly wear resistant accelerating block members with a composite working face, here discussed.

Other composite working faces have been proposed, for example with rubber strips, known from US 2010/0025512 (Liimayainen et all) and insert members of carbide substrates bonded to diamond surface, known from US 7,753,303 (Hall), but the latter configuration is expected to be highly sensitive to wash-out.

The known hard metal configurations comprising a composite accelerating face partly of hard metal wear face and partly of base face, to save on costs, teach us that it is very difficult to avoid wash-out of wear members under conditions of intense wear, high dynamic loads, and large centrifugal force. Washout limits the useful lifetime, increasing wear costs, labor and down-time according, and should be prevented.

Manufacturing of the known rather voluminous accelerating members with a large composite accelerating face is rather complicated and therefore costly. For attachment of the insert members, press-fit is simple but appears to be too weak for accelerating members, and the same may apply for gluing with epoxies. Brazing is suitable and relative easy. Cast-in may be preferred, but is rather complicated because it is difficult to keep the insert members in place during casting, and not really practical. The same applies for mixing carbides with the molten iron before casting, in particular to increase wear resistance along the base face, but it is difficult to disperse the carbide granules in regular way throughout the casting, and even more difficult along the base face, because carbides are either much lighter (silicon) or much heavier (tungsten) than the molten iron alloy and may therefore settle or float in unpredictable way. (Cobalt) tungsten carbide granules are normally preferred, but other cemented carbides or cermets may be considered as well as ceramics.

A composite accelerating face has the advantage that next to prolonged useful lifetime, wear channel formation is avoided, but to utilise the inserted hard metal members efficiently it is of utmost important that wear develops in regular way along the composite accelerating face; that is, that concentration of wear along the composite accelerating face is avoided, such that the expensive hard metal is effectively utilized, leaving limited throw-away. Therefore, the accelerating face must be configured such that concentration of wear around the insert members is avoided, reason that proposed inserted press-fit and cast-in hard metal rods have proven not to be practical because of wash-out. Proposed configurations of axial hard metal columns alternating with columns of base face in between have a strong tendency to develop an irregular wave like (washboard) wear pattern and should also be avoided. Wear tends also to concentrate along gaps of base face and joints stretching in radial direction, and should also be avoided. Increasing concentration and/or the thickness of the hard metal wear members along areas where more intense wear is expected is an option to increase useful lifetime, but manufacturing is rather complicated.

In summary, major problems with the known composite accelerating working members and composite impact working members, include, that rather large amounts of very expensive highly wear resistant insert members are not effectively utilized and left as throw-away because of premature wash-out of inserted wear parts and/or development of irregular wear patterns, limiting useful lifetime and adding to the costs, moreover, manufacturing of the composite working members is complicated and therefore expensive, exchange of wear parts is difficult and time consuming because of complicated attachment arrangements, and dangerous because of very high handling weight, and heavy damage to the rotor and to the housing may occur when wash-out occurs and ceramic wear parts wear through. AIM OF THE INVENTION

The aim of the invention is to provide an accelerating member that do not have the shortcomings listed before, or at least displays these to a lesser extent, more specific:

The problem to be solved by the present invention may be regarded as to find a constructional design for an accelerating member for an open rotor provided with an acceleration face constructed partly of base material sections and partly highly wear resistant insert members, such that development of an irregular wear pattern is avoided and premature wash-out and consequently breaking away of insert members is prevented, or at least hindered and the insert members are maximally utilized, which accelerating parts are easy to manufacture, limits lifting weight to a maximum of 10-20 kg, and are provided with a simple attachment arrangement for very easy and quick exchange.

The solution to this problem is proposed in claim 1 with an accelerating working member, which is essentially split along at least one vertically directed separation joint, and/or, at least two horizontally directed separation joints, creating a multiple accelerating member of accelerating parts provided with a multiple acceleration face constructed partly of wear resistant impact members and partly of base material sections,, wherein the insert members are provided with a polygonal insert accelerating face, which are configured and/or positioned and/or oriented along the acceleration face, such that each base section is surrounded by polygon insert faces, essentially interrupting any continuity of base material sections, in both the entire radial direction and in the entire axial direction, such that concentration of wear along the base material sections is hindered, so that the above mentioned aims are achieved.

The accelerating parts can be attached to the rotor in different ways, but according the invention a pin attachment arrangement is the preferred option, comprising, pin members stretching upward form the rotor which fit pin holes stretching in a vertical direction throughout the base members of the accelerating parts, such that the accelerating parts can be slid over the pin members, such that each accelerating part is separately exchangeable, possibly interchangeable, possibly upside down, for possible re-use of accelerating parts (), to attain maximum utilization of the insert members.

However, during operation dust may collect and cement between the separation joints and between the pin member and the pin opening, which makes it very difficult to remove the accelerating members, a problem that according the invention is solved by configuring the accelerating parts such that they are rotatable about the pin member, at east to certain extend, which makes it easy the break the cemented dust, which rotatability is prevented during operation with the aid of an interlocking arrangement.

The proposed solutions of the invention apply the special properties of the composite working members, which are constructed of a base member of strong metal alloy which enables a simple attachment arrangement, and is provided with an accelerating face with highly wear resistant insert members to attain a very long useful lifetime when the shape of the multiple composite accelerating face is essentially maintained to obtain an essentially constant level of accelerating performance during said useful lifetime.

The invention is further described in the description and the claims, to which reference is made. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A detailed reference to the preferred embodiments of the invention is given below. Examples thereof are shown in the appended drawings. Although the invention will be described together with the preferred embodiments, it must be clear that the embodiments described are not intended to restrict the invention to those specific embodiments. On the contrary, the intention of the invention is to comprise alternatives, combinations, modifications and equivalents, which fit within the nature and scope of the invention as defined by appended claims.

Figure 1 shows, diagrammatically, a side view of a vertical shaft impact crusher of prior art; Figure 2 shows, diagrammatically, a top view of figure 1 ; Figure 3 shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the composite impact member of figure 1, with a continuous pattern of insert faces;

Figure 4 shows, diagrammatically, a front view the acceleration face of figure 1 provided with hard metal inserts;

Figure 5 , shows, diagrammatically, a photograph of a typical wave-like wear pattern that develops along the acceleration face of figure 4;

Figure 6, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of a composite accelerating face () with a discontinuous pattern of impact faces according the invention;

Figure 7, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the composite accelerating member with the composite composite impact face of figure 6;

Figure 8 , shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of base member of figure 7;

Figure 9, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the accelerating member of figure 7, split along radially directed separation joints;

Figure 10, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the accelerating member of figure 7, split along axially directed separation joints;

Figure 1 1 , shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the accelerating member of figure 10, split along radially directed separation joints;

Figure 12, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the first separate accelerating part of figure

1 1 ;

Figure 13 , shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the base member of figure 12;

Figure 14, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the second separate accelerating part of figure 1 1 ;

Figure 15 , shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the base member of figure 14; Figure 16, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of a second separate accelerating part according the invention;

Figure 17, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the insert member of figure 16;

Figure 18 , shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of a base member of figure 16;

Figure 19, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of a second configuration of a composite accelerating member according the invention;

Figure 20, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the accelerating member of figure 19, split along radially directed separation joints;

Figure 21 , shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the accelerating member of figure 19, split along axially directed separation joints;

Figure 22, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the accelerating member of figure 21 , split along radially directed separation joints;

Figure 23, shows, diagrammatically, a 2D view of a third configuration of the composite accelerating face according the invention;

Figure 24, shows, diagrammatically, a 2D view of a fourth configuration of the composite accelerating face according the invention;

Figure 25 , shows, diagrammatically, a 2D view of a fifth configuration of the composite accelerating face according the invention;

Figure 26, shows, diagrammatically, a top view of a rotor provided with separate accelerating parts;

Figure 27, shows, diagrammatically, a top view of the movable separate accelerating parts of figure 27;

Figure 28 , shows, diagrammatically, a second top view of the movable separate accelerating parts of figure 27;

Figure 29, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of a rotor provided with a multiple composite accelerating member of separate acceleration parts provided with a first attachment arrangement according the invention;

Figure 30, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the separate acceleration part of figure 29; Figure 31 , shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view detailing the attachment arrangement off figure

29;

Figure 32, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view detailing the attachment arrangement off figure

31 ;

Figure 33, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of a rotor provided with a multiple composite accelerating member of separate acceleration parts provided with a second attachment arrangement according the invention;

Figure 34, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the separate acceleration part of figure 33 ;

Figure 35 , shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view detailing the attachment arrangement off figure

34;

Figure 36, shows, diagrammatically, a top view detailing the attachment arrangement off figure

34;

Figure 37, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view detailing the separate interlock member of figure 36;

Figure 38, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of a rotor provided with a multiple composite accelerating member of separate acceleration parts provided with a third attachment arrangement according the invention;

Figure 39, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the separate acceleration part of figure 38 ; Figure 40, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of the lock plate of figure 38 ;

Figure 41 , shows, diagrammatically, a top view of a rotor provided with laying accelerating parts;

Figure 42, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of laying multiple accelerating member of figure 41;

Figure 43, shows, diagrammatically, a top view of a first rotor according the invention, provided, for illustration, with multiple composite accelerating members positioned in different ways on top of the rotor;

Figure 44, shows, diagrammatically, a top view of a second rotor according the invention, provided, for illustration, with multiple composite accelerating members positioned in different ways on top of the rotor;

Figure 45 , shows, diagrammatically, a top view of a rotor according the invention, provided, for illustration, with a primary and a secondary accelerating units;

Figure 46, shows, diagrammatically, a 3D view of a secondary composite accelerating member () of figure 45 ;

BEST WAY OF IMPLEMENTING THE DEVICE OF THE INVENTION

Figures 1 and 2 show, diagrammatically, a vertical shaft impact crusher (1) of prior art, comprising, a crusher housing (2) provided with an inlet member (3), a rotor (4), impact members (5) surrounding the rotor (4) and carried along the crusher housing (2), and an outlet member (6). The rotor (4) is of the open type, carried by a shaft member (7), rotatable about an essentially axially directed axis of rotation (0) in at least one direction (8) for one-way operation of the rotor (4); the invention allows for the rotor (4) to be rotatable in both directions for two-way operation (268) of the rotor (269) - as shown in figure 41 , to be discussed later. The rotor (4) carries composite accelerating members (10), of at least one part, on top of the rotor (4), hence the name open rotor, for accelerating (9) the stream of particle material in one step; the invention allows the rotor (4) to be provided with an associated composite accelerating member (311) - shown in figure 43 , to be discussed later. The composite accelerating member (10) is firmly but exchangeable attached to rotor (4) with the aid of an attachment arrangement (13), and is provided with a composite acceleration face (14), stretching in the direction of the outer edge (15) of the rotor (4), for acceleration of the particle material with the aid of centrifugal force.

A composite acceleration member (10) has the advantage over a casted accelerating member in that the generated acceleration intensity remains essentially constant during operation because the composite impact face (14) does not wear out as is the case with a casted accelerating face, causing a sharp drop in impact intensity; but this requires that concentration of wear along the composite accelerating face (14) and consequent premature wash-out of insert members (18) is prevented.

The composite accelerating member (10) comprises, a base member (19) constructed of a strong metal alloy with the ability to withstand sudden applied dynamic loading, and is (at least) along the accelerating face (14) provided with a plurality of highly wear resistant insert members (18), fixedly connected to the base member (19) and possibly constructed of different insert materials, at least, of an insert material with a wear resistance substantially greater than the wear resistance of the base material. The insert members (18) are provided with an insert face (20) with polygonal configuration (21), with may be constructed with even or uneven surface. The composite accelerating face (14) is not completely covered with insert face (20), but constructed partly of exposed base face (22) and partly of insert face (20), creating a discofitinuous pattern of insert faces (), here of polygonal configuration to save on expensive insert members (18).

The rotor (4) is surrounded by a plurality of composite impact members (23), detailed in figure 3 , each comprising, a bases member (24) configured as a block member (25) which along the side (26) facing the axis of rotation (0) is provided with and composite impact face (27), which is normally completely covered with insert faces (28) to withstand the intense impact loading, creating a continuous pattern of insert faces (28). The composite impact faces (27) are configured, positioned and oriented, such that the impact faces (27) protrude into the direction of the axis of rotation (0), surrounding the rotor (4) at a relative close radial distance (29), creating a surrounding impact unit (23) with a knurled shape (30), such, that the particle flight paths (31) are projected essentially perpendicularly to the impact faces (27). The impact unit may also surround part of the rotor (not shown here), the particle material metered to the rotor (4) such that the stream of particle material is directed to said impact unit part (not shown here). The impact unit (23) may also be configured as a stator (not shown here), positioned at a larger radial distance from the axis of rotation (0).

Known discontinuous composite accelerating members (10) have serious disadvantages, as explained before, most notably, premature wash out of insert members (18) which affect both useful lifetime and accelerating performance, heavy lifting weight and complicated attachment arrangements (13). Problems the invention aims to solve.

Figure 4, shows, diagrammatically, the prior art composite acceleration face (10) of figure 1 , provided with a discontinuous pattern of polygonal insert faces (20), placed on top of each other as columns (32) alternating with rectangular columns (33) of base face (34), creating an essentially axially directed rectangular lattice structure (35). The base material is normally a steel alloy, which means that the wear resistance of the base face (34) is significantly lower than that of the hard metal insert faces (20). Wear tends therefore to concentrate along the weaker exposed base face (34), which may cause the base material surrounding the insert members (18) to wear away, weakening the attachment, which may cause the insert members (18) to break away prematurely - a process called wash-out - with the result that the acceleration member (10), that is, that the base member (19) may wear through very quickly, and cause heavy damage to the attachment arrangement (13) and to the rotor (4) and possibly to the housing (2) before this is noticed. The alternating columns (32)(33) of insert faces (20) and exposed base face (34) have a strong tendency to develop an irregular wavelike wear pattern (36), as is shown in figure 5 , with concentration of wear (37) along the exposed base face (34), and along the upper edges (39) of the base sections (34), which may lead to premature wash out of the insert members (18), which the present invention aims to avoid.

Figures 6 and 7 shows diagrammatically, the composite accelerating face (41) of a composite accelerating member (42) according the invention, that is, constructed partly of insert faces (43) and partly of exposed base face (44), creating a composite accelerating face (41) with a discontinuous pattern of polygon insert faces (46), actually a repeating pattern such that the accelerating member (42) may be split along at least one axially directed separation joint (47) directed transversally to the accelerating face (41), and/or, along at least two radially directed separation joints (48) directed transversally to the accelerating face (41), creating a multiple accelerating member (49) composed of multiple accelerating parts (50) and provided with a multiple accelerating face (41).

The insert faces (43) are configured and/or positioned and/or orientated along the accelerating face (41), in such fashion, that concentration of wear along the exposed base faces (44) and along the separation joints (47) (48) is hindered; that is, that (first) the exposed base face (44) is separated into a plurality of separate base sections (51), which are completely surrounded by polygonal insert faces (43), except where base sections (51) stretch along a separation joint (47)(48) or along an outer edge (53) of the multiple accreting face (41), such, that continuity between separate base sections (51) is essentially avoided along the composite accelerating face part (50), to hinder concentration of wear along separate base sections (51), (second), that the separate base sections (51) alternate with polygonal insert faces (46), interrupting essentially any continuity (55) of separate base sections (51), in both the entire radial direction (56) and in the entire axial direction (57) of the composite accelerating face (41), to hinder development of an irregular wave-like composite wear pattern (36), (third) that continuity of base sections (51) is avoided across separation joints (47)(48), to hinder concentration of wear along the separation joints (47)(48), and (fourth) that, polygonal insert faces (58) stretch in continuous way along the standing inner edge (59) facing the axis of rotation (0), and, here, also along the outer edge (60) of the accelerating face (41) positioned near the outer edge (15) of the rotor (4), to protect said edges (54)(60). Together, these pattern conditions avoid the problems, cited before as experienced with the configuration of prior art (20) of figure 5 with alternating columns (32) (33) of insert faces (20) and exposed base face (44), and achieve that a regular wear pattern develops and premature wash-out of the insert members (61) is hindered, to attain maximum useful lifetime, and that the shape of the composite accelerating face (41) is essentially maintained during operation, to obtain an essentially constant level of accelerating performance during said useful lifetime.

Figure 8 , shows the base member (62) of the composite accelerating member (42) of figure 7, which has an extremely complicated configuration, with a pattern of insert openings (63) alternating with base sections (51) stretching in both axial (57) and radial (56) direction along the exposed base face (65), which is effective to obtain a regular wear pattern, but is very difficult and very expensive to manufacture, and is therefore not practical, a problem that the present invention aims to solve.

As shown in figures 9 to 1 1 this is, according the invention, achieved by essentially splitting the composite accelerating member (42) of figure 7, along at least one axially directed separation joint (47) directed transversally to the accelerating face (48), and/or, along at least two radially directed separation joints (48) directed transversally to the accelerating face (41), creating a constructional design for a multiple composite accelerating member (66) composed of multiple accelerating parts (67), each provided with an acceleration face part (68) constructed at least partly of insert face (69), such that a multiple acceleration face (70) is created, constructed partly of highly wear resistant insert face (69) and partly of exposed base face (71), as shown in figures 9-22.

Figure 9 shows the composite accelerating member (42)(72) of figure 7, radially split along four radially directed separation joints (73), creating a multiple laying accelerating member (66) (74) of five laying composite accelerating parts (67) (75), to be positioned on top of each other each other, each provided with a laying composite accelerating face (68)(78), creating a multiple laying composite accelerating face (70) (77) of five laying composite accelerating face parts (68) (78). To build the configuration of figure 7, the multiple laying accelerating member (66) is here constructed of two configurations of laying composite accelerating parts (79)(80) are required, which are easy to manufacture and save on handling weight; but, as will be shown in figure 28 , a multiple laying accelerating member (166) may be constructed of one type of laying accelerating part (165).

When axially split along three axially directed separation joints (81), as shown in figure 10, a multiple composite accelerating member (82) is created of four standing composite accelerating parts (83), positioned next to each other, each provided with a standing composite accelerating face part (84), creating a multiple laying composite accelerating face (85) of four composite accelerating face parts (86). Manufacturing of the standing composite accelerating part (84) is more difficult than with the laying composite accelerating parts (75).

As shown in figure 1 1 , this problem may, according the invention, be solved, by splitting the standing accelerating parts (83), along at least two radially directed separation joints (87) directed transversally to the standing accelerating face part (84), creating, a split standing accelerating part (16) of at least three separate accelerating parts (89), positioned on top of each other, each provided with a separate accelerating face part (90), creating a multiple separate accelerating member (91) of at least six separate accelerating member parts (89), provided with a multiple separate accelerating face (92) of at least six separate accelerating face parts (90). As shown in figure 1 1 , the standing composite accelerating parts (83) may be split along four radially directed separation joints (87), creating each five separate accelerating parts (89), positioned on top of each other, each provided with a separate accelerating face part (90), creating a multiple separate accelerating member ( 1) of twenty separate accelerating member parts (89), providing a multiple accelerating face (92) of twenty separate accelerating face parts (90). Continuity of base sections (98) is avoided across separation joints (81)(87), to hinder concentration of wear along the separation joints (81) (87). To build the multiple separate accelerating member (94), two configurations of separate accelerating face parts (99) (100) are required, detailed in figure 12 and 14, with the base members (101)(102) detailed in figure 13 and 15 , which saves on expensive insert members (103) without affecting useful lifetime, are very easy to manufacture, and provide low handling weight. The invention aims to limit the insert face (69) cover to not more than 50 to 60%, but more cover is not excluded, depending on particular conditions, and on application, and to limit the weight of the separate accelerating parts (89) to some 10 to 20 kg, but higher and lower weights are not excluded.

As shown in figure 16, it is, according the invention, also possible to construct a uniform multiple composite accelerating member (104); that is, constructed of uniform separate composite accelerating parts (105) of one type, detailed in figure 16, provided with a simple base member (106), shown in figure 17, and possibly with uniform insert members (107), shown in figure 18. The insert faces (108) of the uniform separate accelerating parts (105) stretch in continuous way along each of the outer edges (109) of the separate composite accelerating face part (110), such that a center base section (1 11) is created, completely surrounded by insert faces (108), which are provided partly with center insert faces (112) to create a discontinuous pattern. These uniform separate accelerating parts (105) are very easy to manufacture, and are separately exchangeable and interchangeable, possibly upside down, for possible re-use of the separate composite accelerating parts (105), to attain maximal utilization of the insert members (107). The uniform composite accelerating member (104) is provided with a multiple composite accelerating face (113), wherein, any continuation between base sections (1 14) is avoided along each separate composite accelerating face part (110), to hinder concentration of wear along base sections (1 14) and across separation joints ( 116) ( 11 ) , to hinder development of an irregular wave-like composite wear pattern (36); and that, polygonal insert faces (118) stretch in continuous way along all separation joints (1 16)(1 17) and along all outer edges (119)(120), avoiding concentration of wear along the separation joints (116)(117) and to protect the outer edges (1 11)(120). The uniform composite accelerating member (104) may be split, likewise the first composite accelerating part (42) of figure 7, creating, as shown in figure 20, only one type of laying composite accelerating parts (121), and, as shown in figure 21 , only one type of standing composite accelerating parts (122), and as shown in figure 22, and with only one type of separate composite accelerating part (123).

The invention allows for the discontinuous pattern of insert faces (124) to be configured and/or positioned and/or orientated along the multiple accelerating face (125), in different fashion, as examples shown in figures 23-25 - As shown in figure 23 , the center space (126) of a separate composite accelerating part (127) may be provided with a center insert face (128) of circular configuration (129), positioned such that the center insert face (128) is completely surrounded by exposed center base (130). Also shown in figure 23 i that the multiple composite accelerating face (125) may be provided with separate composite accelerating parts (131) provided with a continuous pattern of insert faces (132), here positioned along the center part (133) of the multiple composite accelerating face (125), to increase wear resistant along the center part (133) of the multiple composite impact face (125)· As shown in figure 24, for specific applications the invention allows for the polygon insert faces (134) to stretch along the multiple composite accelerating face (135), in radial direction (136), and/or, vertical direction (137), and/or angled direction (138). And, as is shown in figure 25 , the separate composite accelerating parts (139) may be configured and positioned and oriented, such, that at least part (140) of the separation joints (141) that stretch in a radial direction (142) along the multiple continuous composite accelerating face (143), do not extend in continuous way (144) in the entire radial direction (142) along the multiple composite accelerating face (143). Note, that said specific multiple accelerating faces (125)(135)(143) may require more types of separate composite accelerating parts (131) (139).

According the invention, the multiple composite accelerating face (70)(85)(92) may be provided with an increased concentration of insert material at locations along the composite accelerating face (70) (85) (92) that experience a greater extend of wear, to be achieved by increasing the density covered by the insert members (107) and/or by increasing the thickness of insert members (107), to significantly increase the useful lifetime of the composite accelerating member (104) during operation.

According the invention, the base members (101)(102)(106) are constructed of a base material of at least an alloy or of high carbon steels, preferably a wear resistant alloy, or possibly a composite, possibly, a steel member or a casting, or a post cast machined casting, and also materials like aluminium may be considered, depending on the application; and the insert members are constructed of a highly wear resistant material, for example cemented (cobalt) tungsten carbide and other compositions of cemented carbides and cermets, as well as ceramics such as alumina and zirconia or combinations thereof, and other hard wear-resistant materials may be suitable for use, depending on the application; and the insert members (107) are fixedly connected to the base member (101)(102)(106), either inserted in the exposed base face (65) or attached along the exposed base face (65), possibly by, press fitting, brazing, or bonded with the aid of a bonding material, or inserted before alloy casting for metallurgical bonding, the casting possibly at least partly of a composite with carbide or ceramic inclusions.

Each of the composite accelerating part (75)(83)(89) discussed before has to be provided with an attachment arrangement, according the invention such, that the accelerating parts (75)(83)(89) are separately exchangeable. The invention allows for any attachment arrangement that fulfills this requirement, but the attachment arrangement (155), shown in figure 26 to 28, that applies a pin member (150) stretching upwards from the rotor (151) fitting a pin opening (152) in the base member

(153) of the accelerating part (154) is a preferred option. The pin member (150) of cylindrical configuration, normally circle cylindrical. The pin attachment (155) applies the strength of the base member (153), a pin opening (152) can be easy manufactured and the pin member (150) is simple and easy to attach to the rotor (151) such that the pin member (150) is exchangeable in case of damage. The accelerating part (154) is separately exchangeable, possibly interchangeable, possibly upside down, for possible re-use of accelerating parts (154), to attain maximum utilization of the insert members (107),

However, the practical problem that has to be solved is that exchange of the separate accelerating parts (154) may become very difficult because fine dust may accumulate in or between the separation joints (156) and along the pin attachment (1 5) and cement, creating a strong bond between the separate accelerating parts (154), and between the pin opening (152) and the pin members (150), which is often very difficult to avoid, and may make exchange very difficult if not very complicated and time consuming, causing long downtimes.

This problem can be solved, according the invention, by making the separate accelerating parts

(154) (191) movable, or separately rotatable, relative to the pin member (150)(199), and/or, relative to each other, for exchange, such that the cemented bond breaks along the separation joints (156) and along the pin member (150)(199). Figure 26 shows separate accelerating parts (191), which are positioned next to each other abut stretching along the vertical separation joints (188), slid with the pin opening (189) over the pin members (190) next to each other. As detailed in figure 27, each accelerating part (191) is firmly but exchangeable attached to rotor (151) with the aid of an attachment arrangement (155) which is configured such that the accelerating parts (191) are movable relative to each other (203) and/or can be made moveable relative to each other (204) (205), such that the axially directed separation joints (188) between accelerating parts (191) may be widened (195) at least to certain extend when the rotor (151) is not rotating, to break possible very fine cemented particle material that may accumulate in the separation joints (188), for easy exchange of the accelerating parts (191); more specific, the separate accelerating parts (191) are configured, such, that the base member (192) narrows along the standing sides (193) towards the back side (194), such, that the axially directed separation joints (188) widen (195), at least partly, in the direction away (196) from the acceleration face (197), such that the separate accelerating parts (191) are separately rotatable (198), at least to certain extend, about the pin members (199), which makes it possible to break the cemented bonds of dust, for easy exchange.

However, the accelerating parts (191) should be rotatable only at standstill for exchange, and not when the rotor (151) is rotating at high velocity during operation. A solution to this problem, according the invention, is to provide an attachment arrangement (203) (204) (205) provided with an interlock arrangement (206)(207)(208) that locks the acceleration parts (191) either, centrifugally to the pin member (150) avoiding the need for a separate lock member, and/or, mechanically with the aid of a separate lock member.

Figure 29, shows a first attachment arrangement (203) according the invention involving a first centrifugal interlock arrangement (206), comprising, as detailed in figure 31 and 32, first interlock means (210) and second interlock means (21 1), fitting each other, such that the separate accelerating parts (212) become centrifugally locked to the pin members (214) during operation, preventing or at least hindering the rotatability (93) of the separate accelerating parts (212). The first interlock means (210), created by configuring each base member (215) of the separate accelerating parts (212) along the back side (21 ) with an open sleeve opening (217), stretching in a vertical direction, as shown in figure 30. The second interlock means (211), comprising, an associated pin member (218), shown in figure 29, stretching upward from the rotor (219), firmly but exchangeable attached to the rotor (219) at a location behind the pin member (214), seen in the direction of rotation (220), fitting the first interlock means (210), in that the associated pin member (218) has a diameter (221) smaller than the radial width (222) of the sleeve opening (217), as shown in figure 32, such that the separate accelerating part (212) is rotatable (223) about the pin member (214) at standstill, to certain extend, and is, as shown in figure 31 and 32, pressed (186) with outer side (224) of the sleeve opening (217) facing the axis of rotation (0) against the rotating associated pin member (218), under influence of the centrifugal force, centrifugal locking the separate accelerating part (212) in radial aligned position to the pin member (214) during operation. A separate lock member (225) may be required to hinder upward movement (226) of the separate accelerating members (212) along the pin members (214), here an upper strip member (227), shown in figure 29, positioned along the top side (228) of the multiple accelerating member (229) and provided with closed sleeve openings (230) which can be slid down over the pin members (214), and fits grooves (231) along the top side of the pin members (214), centrifugally locking the upper strip member (227) to the rotating pin members (214).

Other ways to lock the separate accelerating parts (212) to the pin members (214) to hinder upward movement include, amongst others, that the pin members (236) may along the top side be provided with screw members (not shown here) such that upwards movement is hindered, and the pin members (214) may also be positioned slightly angled (not shown here), in upward direction, into the direction of the axis of rotation (0), centrifugal locking the separate accelerating part (212) to the pin member (214), avoiding the need of a separate screw member.

Figure 33 , shows a second attachment arrangement (204) according the invention involving a second mechanical interlock arrangement (207), comprising, first interlock means (232) and second interlock means (233), fitting each other when the separate accelerating parts (234) are radially aligned (235) for operation, such that the separate accelerating parts (234) become mechanically locked to the pin members (226) during operation, to prevent the rotatability (64) of the separate accelerating parts (234). As shown in figure 34, the first interlock means (232) are created by configuring the base member (237) of each separate accelerating parts (234) along one or both laying sides (238)(239), (or along the standing sides (200)) with a groove opening (24l)(242), that is an upper (241) and a lower (242) groove opening, such that the groove opening (24l)(242) stretches along the entire opposing horizontal separation joints (243) and along the bottom side (244) and along the top side (245) of the multiple accelerating member (246). The second interlock means (233) comprises a strip member (247) , detailed in figure 37, that fits said groove opening (24l)(242) and is provided with pin openings (248). As is shown in figures 35 and 36 the strip member (247) can de slid downwards over the pin members (236) to fit the upper groove opening (241), to prevent the rotatability (64) of the separate accelerating parts (234) positioned underneath the strip member (247) during operation, and is provided with separate ring members (249) to be slid down over the pin member (236) on top of strip member (247) to hinder upward moment of the strip members (247) during operation. The strip member (247) has to be installed before operation and is easily removable during exchange of the separate accelerating parts (234). As is shown in figure 35 , the separate accelerating parts (234) become freely rotatable when the strip member (247) is removed to break any cemented dust bonding. Groove openings (24l)(242) are stretching along both laying sides (238) (239) to obtain full symmetry, such that the separate accelerating parts (234) may be used upside down. It is however possible to provide only one of the laying sides (238)(239) with a groove opening (240), which configuration cannot be applied upside down. It is, according the invention also possible to provide only two adjacent separate accelerating parts (234) with a sorter strip member (not shown here), which will prevent rotatability (64) of all separate accelerating parts (234(, but might cause that forces are not equally divided over the pin members (226).

Figure 38, shows a third attachment arrangement (205) according the invention involving a third mechanical interlock arrangement (208), comprising, first interlock means (250) and second interlock means (2 1), fitting each other when the separate accelerating parts (252) are radially aligned (253) for operation, such that the separate accelerating parts (252) become mechanically locked to the pin members (254) during operation, preventing said rotatability (52) the separate accelerating parts (252). First interlock means (250) are created by configuring each back side (255) of the separate accelerating parts (252) with a small rod member (256), as is shown in figure 39, that protrudes from the back side (255). Second interlock means (251) comprise a separate plate member (257) provide with rod openings (258), positioned such that the rod members (256) fit the rod openings (258) when the plate member (257), detailed in figure 40, is placed along the back side (259) of the multiple accelerating member (260), mechanically locking the separate accelerating parts (252) to the pin members (254), preventing the rotatability (52) of the separate accelerating parts (252). The rod members (256), and rod openings (258) are configured essentially conical (261), for easy installment. As shown in figure 38, the plate member (257) may be attached to the back side (259) of the separate accelerating parts (252) with the aid of screw members (262), which may extend fitting a groove (263) in the pin member (254), to hinder upwards movement of the separate accelerating parts (252).

Figure 41 shows a rotor (164) provided with uniform laying accelerating parts (165) which are positioned on top of each other on top of the rotor (164), centrifugally locked to the pin members (167), as shown in figure 42, alternating upside down (180), creating a uniform multiple laying accelerating member (166). The laying accelerating part (165) stretches between two far ends (168)(169), in a direction away from the axis of rotation (0), forward angled (170) into the direction of rotation (171); and are provided with an inner pin opening (172) positioned along the far end (168) closest to the axis of rotation (0) and an outer pin opening (173) positioned along the far end (169) closest to outer edge (174) of the rotor (164). Both pin openings (172)(173) stretch throughout the base member (175) in a vertical direction, one pin opening (172) constructed as a circular closed opening (176), the other pin opening (173) constructed an open sleeve opening (177) which stretches into a direction away from the axis of rotation (0), each pin opening (176)(177) fitting a pin member (167) stretching upwards from the rotor (164), such that the laying accelerating part (165) may be installed by sliding the closed pin opening (176) over a pin member (167), then to be turned (181) until the sleeve opening (177) fits the other pin member (167), such, that the laying accelerating parts (165) may be applied upside down (180), and such, that the radial line (184) from the axis of rotation (0) through the point of gravity (185) of the laying accelerating part (165), stretches somewhere in between the cylindrical axis' of the two pin members (167), centrifugal locking the laying accelerating part (165) with the sleeve opening (177) to the rotating pin member (167), and dividing the centrifugal stresses essentially equally over the two pin member (167).

According the invention, there are numerous ways to configure the accelerating member (264) (265) (266) symmetrical to the radial plane (267) from the axis of rotation (0), for two-way operation (268) of the rotor (269), redoubling useful lifetime. Figure 43 , shows, diagrammatically, a top view of a rotor (269) according the invention, provided, for illustration, with three symmetrical multiple composite accelerating members (264) (265) (266) positioned in different ways on top of the rotor (269). A first configuration (264) comprises two multiple separate accelerating members (270), each with pin attachment (271). A second configuration (265) comprises two multiple laying accelerating member (272), which have to be directed sufficiently forward (273) into its direction of rotation (274) such that the radial line (275) from the axis of rotation (0) with on it the point of gravity (276) of the laying accelerating member (272), stretches between the two associated pin members (277) to enable centrifugal locking and that the centrifugal force is divided equally over the two pin members (277). The third configuration (266) shown here is composed of transversally directed plate members (278), which are radially aligned, abut against each other, each plate member (278) centrifugally locked to two associated pin members (279).

According the invention, there are also numerous ways to position the acceleration members (282) (283) (284) for one way-operation. Figure 44, shows, diagrammatically, a top view of a rotor (281) according the invention, provided, for illustration, with four multiple composite accelerating members (182)(282)(283)(284) positioned in different ways on top of the rotor (281). According the invention the accelerating parts (182) may be positioned on top of the rotor (281), either, radially aligned, abut against each other, and/or, radially arranged, a radial distance apart (183), such, that each rotating separate composite accelerating face part (182) contributes to the accelerating (187) of the particle material, with at least the aid of at least the centrifugal force. The second multiple composite accelerating members (282) is provided with split standing accelerating parts (285) which are essentially radially aligned, partly abut against each other, positioned, such, that the standing inner outer edge (286) of the inner acceleration face part (287) stretches along a radial plane (288) from the axis of rotation (0), and the standing outer inner edge (289) of the outer - here adjacent - acceleration face part (290) is positioned at a location behind said radial plane (288), seen in the direction of rotation (291), creating a stepped multiple acceleration face (292), to limit the surface of the multiple acceleration face (293) that comes in contact with the particle material during acceleration, to limit wear along the insert faces (294). A third and fourth multiple composite accelerating members (283) configured as a multiple laying accelerating member (295), such that a multiple acceleration face (296) is created with a radial, here concave, curvature (297), stretching, along the multiple composite acceleration face (284). A composite acceleration face (284) has the advantage over a casted acceleration face, in that, the radial curvature (297) remains essentially constant during operation because the composite accelerating faces (284) hinder radial channel formation along the curved acceleration face (299), as is the case with casted block members. The radial curvature (297) may stretch in the direction of the outer edge (300) of the rotor (281), either along a concave radial curvature (301) or along a convex radial curvature (302), where a concave curvature (302) is normally the preferred configuration. The radial curvature (297) is defined with the aid of the contour corner (al) between the radial line (303) from the axis of rotation (0) crossing the curved acceleration face (279), the radial curvature (297) being, either, constant along the curved acceleration face (279), or translating in a regular way between the location (304) where the radial curvature (297) starts and the location (305) where the radial curvature (297) ends. A constant concave radial curvature (306) may contribute to hinder development of an irregular wear pattern along the curved acceleration face (279), in particular a wavelike or washboard-like, wear pattern (36) stretching in the radial direction - as shown in figure 5 for a straight acceleration face.

Figure 45 shows a rotor (307) provided with three different configurations, each comprising an accelerating member (308)(309)(310) provided with an associated acceleration member (31 1)(312)(313) in different configurations. The accelerating members (308)(309)(310(31 1)(312)(313) positioned on top of the rotor (307), such, that each accelerating face (314) (315) (316) (317) (318) (319) contributes to the accelerating of the particle material, with the aid of at least the centrifugal force, and the associated accelerating members (311 ) (312) (313) add to the acceleration achieved with the accelerating member (308) (309) (310). The associated accelerating members (311)(312)(313) may be configured, either, as a rectangular block member (317), or, as a cylindrical block member (318), each possibly at least radially split, each provided with an acceleration face (317) (318) completely covered with insert faces (322), or, with the associated accelerating member (313) configured as a box member (323) provided with one box opening (324) facing the axis of rotation (0), configured such that an autogenous bed (325) is created in the box member (323) during operation, providing an autogenous acceleration face (326).

The cylindrical standing block member (318), detailed in figure 46, is configured circular about a cylindrical axis of rotation (00) stretching essentially parallel to the axis of rotation (0), provided with a central circular cylindrical attachment opening (327) fitting an associated pin member (328) stretching upward from the rotor (307), firmly but exchangeable attached to the rotor (307), such that the cylindrical block member (318) is freely self-rotatable (329) about said cylindrical axis (00), the cylindrical accelerating member (318) may be possibly radially split (not shown here) into three cylindrical separate accelerating parts, such, that each cylindrical separate accelerating part is separately and freely self rotatable (329) about said cylindrical axis (00). As indicated in figure 46, the cylindrical acceleration member (318), may possibly be configured for example with an open space (335) stretching throughout the cylindrical block member (318), such that the point of gravity (330) of the cylindrical block member (318) does not coincide (334) with said cylindrical axis (00), to achieve controlled self- rotation (331), such that the composite accelerating face (332) wears off in essentially regular way around, during operation, to achieve maximum utilization of the insert members (333).

The above descriptions of specific embodiments of the present invention have been given with a view to illustrative and descriptive purposes. They are not intended to be an exhaustive list or to restrict the invention to the precise forms given, and having due regard for the above explanation, with the accelerating member according the invention many other modifications and variations of the configurations are, of course, possible and practical. The embodiments have been selected and described in order to describe the principles of the invention and the practical application possibilities thereof in the best possible way in order thus to enable others skilled in the art to make use in an optimum manner of the invention and the diverse embodiments with the various modifications suitable for the specific intended use. The intention is that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims according to reading and interpretation in accordance with generally accepted legal principles, such as the principle of equivalents and the revision of components.

Claims

1. An acceleration member, for centrifugal acceleration of a stream of particle material in a vertical shaft impact crusher, comprising:

the vertical shaft impact crusher (1), provided, at least, with a crusher housing (2), an inlet member (3), a rotor member (4) surrounded by impact members (5), and an outlet member (6);

the rotor (4) of the open type, carried by a shaft member (7), such that the rotor (4) is rotatable about an essentially axially directed axis of rotation (0) in at least one direction of rotation (8), carrying at least one accelerating member (10), of at least one part, for accelerating of the stream of particle material in at least one step, and possibly carrying an associated accelerating member (31 1), of at least one part, which may be differently configured and is positioned at a larger radial distance (334) from the axis of rotation (0) than the accelerating member (308), for accelerating the particle material in at least two steps;

the accelerating member (10), of at least one part, firmly but exchangeable attached to rotor (4) with the aid of an attachment arrangement (13), comprising, at least a base member (19), constructed of a strong metal alloy with the ability to withstand dynamic loading, provided with at least one acceleration face (14), stretching in the direction of the outer edge (15) of the rotor (4), for acceleration of the particle material with the aid of centrifugal force, provided, at least along the accelerating face (14), with a plurality of highly wear resistant insert members (18), fixedly connected to the base member (19), possibly differently configured, possibly constructed of different insert materials, at least, of an insert material with a wear resistance substantially greater than the wear resistance of the base material, the insert member (18) provided with an insert face (20) predominantly with polygonal configuration (20), with an even or uneven surface;

the accelerating face (14), constructed partly of exposed base face (34) and partly of insert face (20), creating a discontinuous pattern of insert faces (20), and/or, constructed, essentially completely of insert face (20), creating a continuous pattern of insert faces (20), the accelerating face (14), possibly, provided with an increased concentration of insert material at locations along the accelerating face (14) that experience a greater extend of wear, to be achieved by increasing the density covered by the insert faces (20) and/or by increasing the thickness of insert members (18), to significantly increase the useful lifetime of the accelerating member (10) during operation;

Characterized in that: the accelerating member (10) (42) is essentially split along at least one axially directed separation joint (47) (81) directed transversally to the accelerating face (41), and/or, essentially split along at least two radially directed separation joints (48)(87) directed transversally to the accelerating face (41), when axially split, creating a multiple standing accelerating member (82) of at least two standing accelerating parts (83), positioned next to each other, each provided with a standing accelerating face part (84), creating a multiple standing accelerating face (85) of at least two standing accelerating face parts (86), when radially split, creating a multiple laying accelerating member (74) of at least three laying accelerating parts (75), positioned on top of each other, each provided with a laying accelerating face part (78), creating a multiple laying accelerating face (77) of at least three laying accelerating face parts (78), when axially and radially split, creating a multiple separated accelerating member (91) of at least six separate accelerating parts (89), positioned next to each other and on top of each other, each provided with a separate accelerating face (90), creating a multiple separated accelerating face (92) of at least six separate accelerating face parts (90), each accelerating part (75)(83)(89) provided with an attachment arrangement (147) (148) (149), possibly differently configured, such that each accelerating part (75)(83)(89) is separately exchangeable - for easy manufacturing, to save on handling weight and for easy exchange;

each acceleration part (75)(83)(89) is provided with at least one acceleration face (78) (86)(90) constructed, at least partly, of insert face (43), such that a composite multiple acceleration face (77)(85)(92) is created constructed partly of exposed base face (44) and partly of insert face (43), with the insert faces (43) configured and/or positioned and/or orientated, along the multiple acceleration face (77) (85) (92), in such fashion, that:

the exposed base face (44) is separated into a plurality of separate base sections (51), which are completely surrounded by polygonal insert faces (46), except where base sections (51) stretch along a separation joint (47)(48) or along an outer edge (53), such, that continuity between base sections (51) is essentially avoided along the composite accelerating face part (78)(84)(90), to hinder concentration of wear along base sections (51);

that, continuity of base sections (51) is avoided across separation joints (47)(48), to hinder concentration of wear along the separation joints (47) (48);

the base sections (51) alternate with polygonal insert faces (46), such that essentially any continuity of separate base sections (51) is interrupted, in both the entire radial direction (56) and in the entire axial direction (57) of the multiple composite accelerating face (77)(85)(92), to hinder development of an irregular wave-like composite wear pattern (36);

polygonal insert faces (58) stretch in continuous way, at least, along the standing inner edge (59) of the multiple composite accelerating face (77)(85)(92), facing the axis of rotation (0), to protect said inner edge (59) ;

such, that a regular wear pattern develops along the multiple composite acceleration face (77) (85) (92)() and premature wash-out of the insert members (61) is hindered, to attain maximum useful lifetime, and to achieve that the shape of the multiple composite accelerating face (77)(85)(92) is essentially maintained during operation, to obtain an essentially constant level of accelerating performance during said useful lifetime;

2. An acceleration member according claim 1 , wherein, the multiple accelerating member is of at least one accelerating parts the standing accelerating part (83) which is split along at least two radially directed separation joints (87) directed transversally to the standing accelerating face part (84), creating, a split standing accelerating part (16) of at least three separate accelerating parts (), positioned on top of each other;

the split standing accelerating parts (182) positioned on top of the rotor (281), either, radially aligned, abut against each other, and/or, radially arranged, a radial distance apart (183), such, that each accelerating face part (182) contributes to the accelerating of the particle material, with at least the aid of at least the centrifugal force;

3. An acceleration member according claim 1, wherein, polygonal insert faces (58) stretch in continuous way, at least, along the standing inner edge (59) of the multiple composite accelerating face (77)(85)(92), facing the axis of rotation (0), to protect said inner edge (59);

4. An acceleration member according claim 1 , wherein, each accelerating part (191) is firmly but exchangeable attached to rotor (151) with the aid of an attachment arrangement (155) which is configured such that the accelerating parts (191) are movable relative to each other (203) and/or can be made moveable relative to each other (204)(205), such that the axially directed separation joints (188) between accelerating parts (191) may be widened (195) at least to certain extend when the rotor (151) is not rotating, to break possible very fine cemented particle material that may accumulate in the separation joints (188), for easy exchange of the accelerating parts (191);

5. An acceleration member according claim 1, wherein, the accelerating part (75)(83)(89) is provided with a pin attachment arrangement (147)(148)(149) that applies a pin member (150), comprising, at least one pin opening (152) stretching throughout the base member (153) of the accelerating part (75)(83)(89)(1 4) in an axial direction, fitting a pin member (150) which stretches upward from the rotor (151) and is firmly but exchangeable attached to the rotor (151), such that the accelerating part (75)(83)(89) is separately exchangeable, possibly interchangeable, possibly upside down, for possible re-use of accelerating parts (75)(83)(89), to attain maximum utilization of the insert members (107), possible upward movement of the accelerating parts (75)(83)(89) hindered, either, with the aid of at least one lock member (205), possibly a separate lock member (227), or, by centrifugal locking, avoiding the need of a separate lock member (227);

6. An acceleration member () according claim 5, wherein, the accelerating part (191) is provided with a base member (1 2) which narrows between the standing sides (193) into the direction away (196) from the acceleration face (197), such, that the axially directed separation joints (188) widen (195), at least partly, into the direction away (196) from the acceleration face (197), such each accelerating part (191) is separately rotatable about the pin member (199), at least to certain extend, to easily break very fine cemented particle material that may accumulate in the separation joints (188) and in the pin openings, for easy exchange of the accelerating parts (191)(212)(234)(252) which are provided with an interlock arrangement (206) (207) (208) that prevents the rotatability (52)(64)(93) of the accelerating parts (191) during operation, and possibly said upward movement;

7. An acceleration member according claim 6, wherein, the interlock arrangement (206), comprises, at least, first interlock means (210) and second interlock means (211), fitting each other when the separate accelerating parts (212) are radially aligned for operation, such that the accelerating parts (212) become centrifugally locked to the pin members (214) to prevent the rotatability (93) the accelerating parts (212) during operation;

the first interlock means (210), created by configuring each base member (215) of the accelerating parts (212) with an open sleeve opening (217), stretching in axial direction along the entire back side (216) of the base member (215);

the second interlock means (21 1), comprising, an associated pin member (218) that stretches upward from the rotor (219), firmly but exchangeable attached to the rotor (219) at a location behind the pin member (214), seen from the axis of rotation (0), fitting the first interlock means (210), the associated pin member (218) having a diameter (221) smaller than the radial width (222) of the open sleeve opening (217), such that the accelerating part (212) is rotatable (223) about the pin member (214) at standstill, at least to certain extend, and is positioned such that the outer side (224) of the sleeve opening (217) facing the axis of rotation (0) is pressed against the associated pin member (218), under influence of the centrifugal force, centrifugal locking the accelerating part (212) to the rotating associated pin member (214) in radial aligned position during operation, avoiding the need for a separate interlock member (247);

8. An acceleration member) according claim 6, wherein, the interlock arrangement (204)(205), comprising, at least, first interlock means (232)(250) and second interlock means (233)(251)), fitting each other when the accelerating parts (234)(252) are radially aligned for operation, such that the accelerating parts 234) (252) become mechanically locked to the pin members (226) (254) and the rotatability (52) (64) of the accelerating parts 234) (252) is prevented during operation;

the first interlock means (232)(250), created by configuring the base member (237)(255) of each accelerating part (234)(252) along the back side (255), and/or, along the standing sides (200), and/or, along the laying sides (238), such that the first interlock means (232)(250) stretch essentially along the entire back side (255), and/or, along the entire laying sides (238) stretching along the opposing axial separation joints (47), and/or, along the entire standing sides (200) stretching along the opposing radial separation joints (48), of the multiple accelerating member (246) (260); the second interlock means (233)(251), comprising, at least one separate interlock member (247)(257), of at least one part, presenting, for example, a strip member (247) or a plate member (257), configured to fit the first interlock means (232)(250) and mechanically lock the accelerating parts (234)(252) in radially aligned position to the rotating pin members (226)(250), such that the rotatability (52)(64), and possible said upward movement, is hindered during operation, the second interlock member (223)(251) to be installed before operation and to be removed before exchange of the accelerating parts (234)(252);

9. An acceleration member according claim 1 , wherein, the laying accelerating parts ( 165) are positioned on top of the rotor (164), forward angled (170) in a direction away from the axis of rotation (0), seen into the direction of rotation (171), each laying accelerating part (165) stretching between two far ends (168)(169), provided with an inner pin opening (172) positioned along the far end ( 168) closest to the axis of rotation (0) and an outer pin opening (173) positioned along the far end (169) closest to outer edge (179) of the rotor (164), both pin openings (172) (173) stretching throughout the base member (175) in an axial direction, one of the pin openings (172)(173) constructed as a circular closed cylindrical opening (176), the other pin opening (172) ( 173) constructed as an open sleeve opening (177), stretching in a direction away from the axis of rotation (0), each pin opening (176) (177) fitting a pin member (167) stretching upwards from the rotor (169), such that the laying accelerating part (165) may be installed by sliding the closed pin opening (176) over a pin member (167), then to be turned (181) until the sleeve opening (177) fits the other pin member (167), such, that the laying accelerating parts (165) may be applied upside down, and are positioned such, that the straight line (184), with on it the axis of rotation (0) and the point of gravity (185) of the laying accelerating part (165), stretches somewhere in between the cylindrical axis's of the two pin members (167), centrifugal locking the laying accelerating part (165) to the rotating pin member (167), avoiding the need of a separate lock member, and dividing the centrifugal stresses essentially equally over the two pin member (167);

10. An acceleration member according claim 1, wherein, the separate composite accelerating face part (105) is provided with insert faces ( 108) stretching in essentially continuous way along each of the outer edges (109) of the separate composite accelerating face ( 1 10), such that a center base section (1 1 1) is created, completely surrounded by insert faces (108), possibly, provided with at least one insert member (107) provided with an center insert face (1 12), possibly, of circular configuration (129) positioned such that the center insert face (128) is completely surrounded by exposed center base (130), for the construction of a uniform multiple composite accelerating member ( 104) of uniform separate composite accelerating parts (105), which are easy to manufacture, and are separately exchangeable and interchangeable, possibly upside down, for possible re-use of the separate composite accelerating parts (105), to attain maximal utilization of the insert members ( 107), and avoids any continuity of base section (1 14) along the multiple accelerating face (1 13);

11. An acceleration member according claim 1 , wherein the multiple accelerating member (283) is provided with a multiple accelerating face (296), stretching in the radial direction, at least partly, along a concave (301) or convex (302) radial curvature (297), which is essentially maintained during operation, to achieve essentially constant accelerating performance during the useful lifetime of the multiple accelerating face (296):

the radial curvature (297), defined with the aid of the contour corner (al), wherein the radial plane (303) from the axis of rotation (0) crosses said radial curvature (297), the contour corner (al), either constant along the curved accelerating face (279), or translating in a regular way along said curved accelerating face (297), a constant concave curvature (306) possibly contributing to hindering development of an irregular wave-like composite wear pattern (36);

12. An acceleration member according claim 1, wherein, the associated acceleration member (311 ) (312) (313) is provided with an associated acceleration face (317) (318) (319);

the associated accelerating member (311)(312)(313) configured, either, as a rectangular block member (317), of at least one part, or, as a cylindrical block member (318), of at least one part, each providing an acceleration face (320) (321) completely covered with insert faces (322), or, with the associated accelerating member (319) configured as a box member (323) provided with at least one box opening (324) facing the axis of rotation (0), configured such that an autogenous bed (325) is created in the box member (323) during operation, providing an autogenous acceleration face (326);

the accelerating members (308)(309)(310(31 1)(312) (313) positioned on top of the rotor (307), such, that each rotating accelerating face (314) (315) (316) (317) (318) (319) contributes to the accelerating of the particle material, with the aid of at least the centrifugal force, wherein the associated accelerating member (317) (318) (319) adds to the acceleration achieved with the accelerating member (31 1)(312)(313);

13. An acceleration member according claim 10, wherein, the cylindrical standing block member (318) is circular about a cylindrical axis of rotation (00) stretching essentially parallel to the axis of rotation (0), provided with a central circular cylindrical attachment opening (327) fitting an associated pin member (328) stretching upward from the rotor (307), firmly but exchangeable attached to the rotor (307), such that the block member (318) is freely self-rotatable (329) about said cylindrical axis (00); the cylindrical block member (318), possibly, configured such that the center of gravity does not coincide with said cylindrical axis (00), to achieve controlled self-rotation (331), such that the composite accelerating face (332) wears off in essentially regular way around, during operation, to achieve maximum utilization of the insert members (333);