A method to accurately determine and assure proper clamping force or bolt tension in fastening systems comprises statistically sampling washer or flanged bolt lots for clamping force versus deflection relationships, encoding the lots and subsequently installing the fasteners to the prescribed deflections...http://www.google.es/patents/US5211061?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatente US5211061 - Bolt clamping force sensor and clamping force validation method
Bolt clamping force sensor and clamping force validation method