All in One Standards Introduction

Status of
hydrogen and fuel

cell technologies
in Andalusia
Andalusian Energy Agency

REGIONAL MINISTRY OF ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND SCIENCE
Status of
hydrogen and fuel
cell technologies
in Andalusia

Content
1 Presentation / 5
2 Introduction / 9
3 The current environment: Spain, Europe and the world / 19
4 Past and present of hydrogen in Andalusia / 31
5 Relevant players in Andalusia / 37
6 Emblematic projects in Andalusia / 45
7 Annexes / 77
Presentation 1
Presentation /
/ Hydrogen is a clean, sustainable, safe and efficient The Andalusian Sustainable Energy Plan 2007-2013
energy vector that, in the future, will complement (PASENER) pursues an approach to a new energy
electricity when it comes to ensuring the supply of model that responds to the energy supply needs of
energy to the population, while also increasing the Andalusian society without creating environmental,
economic and social imbalances, within the context
penetration of renewable sources.
of sustainable development for Andalusia, address-
This new situation is leading various Public Agencies, ing, inter alia, the following issues:
institutions and companies to position themselves / Energy diversification.
by preparing strategies and action plans focused / Security and assurance of supply.
on a future that contemplates the use of hydrogen / Abatement of greenhouse gas emissions.
and fuel cells. / Energy self-sufficiency.
6 / Andalusian Energy Agency

This new development model requires a profound To this end, in addition to analyzing the strategic
transformation of the existing energy system, for situation at national and international level, an
which technological progress, innovation and inventory of the projects undertaken in our Autono-
research are deemed essential, in the renewable mous Community is kept, showing the research
energies field above all. centers, universities and companies that have been
working on hydrogen and fuel cells, or on related
In this respect, hydrogen and fuel cells are con- technologies.
sidered crucial to the introduction of renewable
sources into the energy mix, as their use as an The result shows that Andalusia has opted for a
energy storage system eliminates the intermittent shift in the energy paradigm, and has put itself,
nature itself of these resources. through specific actions, in an optimal position to
play a leading role in this sector.
In turn, the transportation sector, at European Un-
ion level, is responsible for 30% of greenhouse gas
emissions and 33% of final energy consumption.
Hydrogen and fuel cell technologies are considered
appropriate to curb these emission levels and intro-
duce the use of renewable energies in the sector. Isabel de Haro Aramberri
The Autonomous Community of Andalusia has been President
developing projects and technology in this field for Andalusian Energy Agency
years now, through companies and research centers
of renowned prestige. With the “Status of hydrogen
and fuel cell technologies in Andalusia” document,
the Andalusian Energy Agency aims to disseminate
some of the most relevant initiatives. The objective
of this publication is to possess a benchmark of
the current situation, taking the same as a starting
point to chart future actions related with this mat-
ter, by showing how, through companies, research
centers and social partners, Andalusia is prepared
and ready to face this change, by playing a leading
role in the development of technology, equipment
manufacturing and installation of infrastructures.
PRESENTATIoN / 7
Introduction 2
Hydrogen is an energy vector, not a primary
energy source.
Its use is clean and safe.
The sustainability of the hydrogen

production process depends on the
technology utilized.
The hydrogen – fuel cell binomial can be

used in any application that requires electric
energy.
The utilization of hydrogen is not limited

to use in fuel cells, and its use in internal
combustion engines and turbines is
noteworthy.

The nature of hydrogen /
/ Hydrogen is a colorless and odorless

gas that, as in the case of natural gas
or gasoline, possesses the quality of
being a fuel, that is to say, it oxidizes in
the presence of oxygen (or air), releasing
energy in heat form.
However, unlike other fuels that contain carbon in

their molecule, when hydrogen reacts with oxygen
it only produces water vapor as waste.
The benefits of hydrogen /
H2 + ½O2 > H2O / The benefits of hydrogen can be in-
cluded in the following categories:
Although hydrogen is an abundant chemical ele-

ment in nature (approximately 75% of the Universe), Energy saving and efficiency benefits.
it is not to be found in pure state in any type of
Benefits as regards diversity of supply and
“deposit”, and has to be produced, with an energy
energy independence.
input, from a raw material that contains it.
Environmental benefits.
Due to the above, hydrogen is not a primary energy
source, but an energy vector that is utilized to store
and transport energy. The use of hydrogen as an energy vector opens the
door to the use of electrochemical-based technolo-
gies, in which the performance of transformation
from chemical energy to electrical energy increases
compared to systems based on thermal-type trans-
formations (the case of internal combustion engines),
achieving improvements in terms of energy saving
and efficiency.
Introduction / 11
The benefits in terms of diversity of supply and
energy independence stem from the fact that hy-
drogen is not an energy resource in itself, but has
to be produced using a primary energy source and,
therefore, each country, each region, can generate
its own hydrogen, its own “fuel”. When said hy-
drogen is produced from indigenous sources, this
results in energy independence, security of supply,
improvement in the balance of payments, and the
promotion of local economies as jobs are created.
Additionally, the use of hydrogen as fuel and its pro-

duction, both centralized and distributed, opens
the door to “renewable hydrogen”, that is to say, This aspect is of special interest if we consider the
to the possibility of storing and transporting renew- ever-increasing difficulty in evacuating electricity
able energy (regardless of the source) in a practical generated with renewable technologies. Through
and safe manner. the use of hydrogen as an energy vector, an
increase in the penetration capacity of these sus-
tainable sources is achieved.
On the other hand, the storage of energy in

hydrogen form, and its subsequent use in the
transportation sector, sets the scene for the use of
renewable energies in said sector.
In terms of environmental benefits, the combus-

tion of hydrogen is a clean process as it only
releases water vapor, and therefore the electricity
generated from hydrogen will always be emission-
free provided the fuel has been produced by a
carbon-free process.

Hydrogen generation
processes /
/ At present, there are technologies

that are at different stages (research,
development and commercialization)
that allow hydrogen to be produced from
different raw materials such as water,
biomass, or fossil resources (coal, oil and
natural gas) and with an input of primary
energy that can come from conventional This process has the advantage of being the less
fuels, nuclear power or renewable sources. costly at large scale but it involves emissions of
CO2 as a consequence of fossil origin raw mate-
In spite of this range of possibilities, some 94% of rial being used. These emissions are, in practice,
the hydrogen currently produced worldwide comes about 7 kg of CO2 per kg of hydrogen produced.
from natural gas (methane) reforming, which consists On the other hand, there is a group of clean pro-
of splitting the molecule of this gas by combining cesses (electrolysis, thermolysis, photoelectrolysis,
it with water vapor, which only requires an energy etc.) as far as CO2 emissions are concerned, that
input. The reaction governing this process is: are based on water splitting and require the con-
sumption of energy for said purpose, in accordance
with the following reaction:
CH4 + 2 H2O > 4 H2 + CO2
H2O + energy > H2 + ½O2
Given that all hydrogen production processes re-

quire raw material consumption and energy input,
sustainability of the same will depend on the tech-
nology utilized.
Introduction / 13
Hydrogen production chain /
renewable energies fossil fuels
Photovoltaics Wind Hydroelectric Thermosolar Biomass Natural gas Oil
Thermolysis
and Gasification
thermochemical and reforming
Electric Energy cycles
Electrolysis
Hydrogen
hydrogen uses
Transportation Portable Applic. Electricity generation

Hydrogen storage /
/ There are several, commercially

established ways to store hydrogen:
pressurized, liquid, and in metal hydrides.
Compressed hydrogen storage is a technology that

is being used widely since the early 20th century.
Its commercial use has been set at a pressure of
200 atm and its use in the automotive sector at
pressures up to 700 atm is foreseen.
The use of liquid hydrogen is associated with its uti-

lization in aerospace or portable applications. This
is the favored option when it comes to increasing
the energy density of the storage system.
The use of systems based on metal hydrides is as-

sociated with stationary applications and it is that
which needs the lowest energy requirement.
Safety levels compatible with both industrial and

domestic use are achieved with all of them.
Introduction / 15
Hydrogen uses: Fuel Cells /
/ In addition to its uses as raw material operating temperature or the specific chemical re-
in the chemical industry, hydrogen, as an actions that occur in their cells. They will be more
energy vector, is capable of storing and suitable for one or another application in accord-
transporting energy. ance with their characteristics.
Now, to transform the chemical energy contained Currently, the fuel cells that are in commercial
in hydrogen into another type of energy such as
development are those for use in the aerospace
electricity or heat, devices such as fuel cells (in-
industry (alkaline technology or AFC), those used in
tegrated or not into combined cycles) or internal
the automotive sector (solid polymer technology or
combustion engines must be used.
PEMFC) and those used in distributed generation
(usually phosphoric acid or PAFC).
Fuel cells, the operating basis of which was discov-
ered in the 19th century, are based on the principle In general, the hydrogen – fuel cell binomial can be
of reverse electrolysis; that is to say, oxygen and utilized wherever electric energy is needed. One of
hydrogen combine to form water and electricity:
their early uses was in the vehicles employed in the
space race towards the end of the 60s. The hydro-
H2 + ½O2 > H2O + electricity
gen and oxygen stored on the ship were combined
in a fuel cell to produce the electricity that was
Note: other fuel cell technologies exist, such as those that carry out inter-
nal reforming or those that operate with direct methanol. required on board.
Structurally, fuel cells are a set or stack of “basic This binomial is currently used in submarines
cells”, in each one of which the afore-mentioned (where it is used to allow them to stay submerged
reaction is carried out. Fuel cells are classified for longer periods), communication systems or
according to parameters such as the electrolyte, portable applications.

Operating synthesis
> IN THE FUTURE, TRAINS, PLANES AND CARS WILL BE
ABLE TO BENEFIT FROM THEIR USE, TOGETHER WITH
OTHER STATIONARY OR PORTABLE APPLICATIONS.
electricity Hydrogen (H2)

As a consequence, for example, almost all the
world’s automobile manufacturers have developed Oxygen (Air)
prototypes of vehicles powered by hydrogen fuel
cells, which is an indication of how the energy vec-
tors of the future will advance. Furthermore, some
automobile companies are contemplating the use
of pure hydrogen or a hydrogen and natural gas
mix in internal combustion engines, thereby achiev-
electrolyte
cathode
ing higher energy yields than with a conventional
anode
engine, without the need for a large investment.
On the other hand, as regards electricity produc-

tion, integration of high temperature fuel cells in a
Brayton cycle (or combined cycle) allows the net Agua (H2O)
energy yield of the system to be increased to val-
ues close to 80%.
Name Initials Applications

Alkaline fuel cells AFC Used frequently in spaceships.
Polymeric fuel cells PEMFC Automotive and portable applications; communication
systems.
Direct methanol polymeric fuel cells DMFC Portable applications (microelectronics).
Phosphoric acid fuel cells PAFC Stationary applications and occasionally for transport
(buses). Distributed generation.
Molten carbonate fuel cells MCFC Stationary applications and possibility of cogeneration.
Distributed generation.
Solid oxide fuel cells SOFC Centralized generation of electricity, integration into
combined cycles.
Introduction / 17
3
The current environment:

Spain, Europe and the world
The cornerstones for the development
and application of new technologies
associated with hydrogen and fuel
cells are: US-Canada, Japan and the
European Union.
On the national scene, the following

agents are of note: the Spanish
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology
Platform (PTE-HPC), the Spanish
Hydrogen Association (AeH2) and the
Spanish Fuel Cell Association (Appice).

The current environment:
Spain, Europe and the world /
/ The existing energy scenario is

mainly characterized by the following:
This situation has led to practically all international

Majority share of fossil fuels in the glob-
programs and business strategies, such as the
al energy structure. They currently repre-
Joint Technology Initiative (JTI)1, referring to the
sent about 50% and unless action is taken in
importance of innovation, research, development
this respect, this percentage is expected to
and implementation of new energy technologies
reach values of around 80% by 2030.
that are more efficient, environmentally-friendly,
Indications that oil fields have peaked, adverse- less dependent on fossil fuels and compatible with
ly affecting the production levels of the same. a distributed generation system, in order to achieve
greater energy independence and ensure the qual-
Widespread concern about the effects cli- ity and security of energy supply.
mate change causes.
This is where hydrogen and fuel cells fit in and re-
Notable increase in the demand for energy, solve part of the complex problem. Hydrogen as
driven mainly by emerging economies such an energy vector, and a clean, safe and efficient
as China and India. way to store and transport energy and fuel cells as
a suitable device for producing heat and electricity
Existence of a close relationship between con-
tinuity and quality of energy supply, and the
1 The Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Tecnology Initiative (JTI) is a public-private
socio-economic development of a country. partnership launched by the European Commission in 2008.
The current environment / 21

> US-Canada
These countries have taken up a leadership posi-
tion globally in these technologies, from an eco-
nomic and market point of view.
The United States Fuel Cell Technologies Program,

managed by the United States Department of En-
ergy (DoE), aims to advance the definition and im-
plementation of these technologies at commercial
level, to which end it has focused its efforts on de-
from this gas. All indications are that the future lies velopment of the following lines:
in the coexistence of two fundamental energy vec-
tors: hydrogen and electricity. Hydrogen production using own resources.
Global positioning, as regards the development of Centralized hydrogen production and distri-
hydrogen and fuel cell technologies, as well as the bution.
approach taken to implement a Hydrogen Economy, Hydrogen storage in vehicles.
is determined on the basis of three cornerstones:
Fuel cells.
US-Canada, Japan and the European Union.
Technical validation of the systems in real
There are other countries and regions, apart from applications.
these three main players, that stand out in the glob-
Preparation of security protocols and hy-
al framework due to the strategy they have identi-
drogen production, distribution, storage and
fied and followed to implement a Hydrogen Econo- use standards.
my. The case of Iceland is significant as it undertook
Hydrogen Economy education and training.
to harness its renewable resources to ensure ener-
gy self-sufficiency, trusting in a Hydrogen Economy Analysis of interactions between compo-
that covers the demands of certain economic sec- nents, system costs, energy efficiency, so-
tors, such as those of its fishing fleets and tourism. cial impacts and the trading system.

The interest of the United States Departments of
Defense and Transportation in this matter is also
> Japan
noteworthy. They have their own development and
implementation programs for this technology, in Japan’s objective has always been to ensure its
addition to those managed by the DoE. energy supply, clearly limited by its shortage of
resources, which has even led it to commit to the
Canada has drawn up its own roadmap and has creation of industries to convert resources imported
supported the creation of technology “clusters” of from third countries into intermediate components
the Silicon Valley type, where the scientific and in- and final products.
dustrial sectors (large, and small and medium-
sized enterprises) have been installed in a man- Japan was the first country to establish a national
ner in which they cover the complete production hydrogen and fuel cell strategy and it currently leads
chain of a final product, such as the manufactur- in the manufacturing of different devices related
ing of polymeric fuel cells, around the multinational with these technologies; all this has been achieved,
Ballard Power Systems Inc., Vancouver (British Co- to a great extent, thanks to sustained public and
lumbia, Canada). private investment to favor the necessary R&D in
the sector.
As an example of Canada’s commitment to these
technologies, the construction of the Vancouver to Furthermore, it has opened new technology mar-
Whistler “hydrogen highway” within the framework kets based on the manufacturing of fuel cells and
of the 2010 Winter Olympics is cited, and a similar on the use of these systems in the domestic and in-
initiative exists in California. dustrial sectors, including cogeneration of electrici-
ty and heat. Along this line, it has supported the es-
tablishment of a single trade name, Ene Farm, un-
der which products based on fuel cells are com-
mercialized, regardless of their manufacturer.
Japan’s trade strategy is based on a plan that inte-

grates the development of fuel cells, the production
of hydrogen, its transportation and the develop-
ment of more efficient storage systems with high-
er energy density, together with demonstration pro-
grams and the drafting of legislation and standard-
ization material.

As a link within this diversity, European policy aims
> The European Union and Spain
at technological development and eco-innovations
The great diversity that exists among the member as one of the pillars of the energetic response to
states of the European Union makes it extreme- the serious problems facing the current energy
ly difficult to define lines of work with respect to scenario. The innovations focus on two aspects:
hydrogen and fuel cells, in which the interests of renewable generation and application of hydrogen
the different member states can be accommodat- technology in generation, storage and transport.
ed and unified. In the case of Germany, the objec- In this regard, the European Strategic Energy Tech-
tive is to maintain the current leadership of its au- nology Plan (SET Plan) includes hydrogen and fuel
tomobile industry, while other European countries, cells among the technologies required to achieve,
as might be the case of Poland, seek to cover their by 2020, the objectives of a 20% reduction in green-
needs for tecnological development and jobs, reor- house gas emissions; a 20% share of renewables
ganizing the use of their resources (coal basically), in the energy structure and a 20% reduction in en-
so as to comply with the environmental restrictions ergy consumption, and to achieve decarbonization
imposed in the area of sustainable development. of the system in the long term (2050).
On the national scene, different organizations are

currently working on the promotion and develop-
ment of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies. Of
note are the Spanish Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Tech-
nology Platform (PTE-HPC), the Spanish Hydro-
gen Association (AeH2), and the Spanish Fuel Cell
Association (Appice). The recent launching of the
National Center on Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Tech-
nology Experimentation (CNETHPC) in Puertollano
(Ciudad Real) is also noteworthy. This center is one
of the 24 Scientific Research and Technology De-
velopment facilities (ICTS) of the Ministry of Science
and Innovation included in the INGENIO 2010 ini-
tiative, aimed at scientific and technology research
in all fields related with hydrogen and fuel cells.
At regional level, the following autonomous com-
munities are worthy of mention:
/ Aragon, which has, since 2007, its own Master

Plan in this field, managed through the Foun-
dation for the Development of New Hydrogen
Technologies in Aragon. Said Plan includes a
series of initiatives and strategic lines of re-
search for the sector, and establishes the ac-
tion plans and the time horizon required for
their development.
/ Galicia, whose ENERXE Technology Platform

has promoted a panel of experts on hydro-
gen comprising public administration, research / Madrid, where the Energy Madrid Institute for
groups, universities and Galician businesses. Advanced Studies (IMDEA Energía) includes
hydrogen, as a tool for producing sustainable
fuels and as an energy storage system coupled
to renewable energies, and fuel cells, as high-
ly efficient energy utilization systems, within its
lines of research.
Moreover, the weight of the projects related to hydro-

gen in the call for proposals under the National R&D&I
Plan (non-existent until the 2000) is noteworthy.

Agents in the > International Partnership for the
Hydrogen Economy at Hydrogen Economy
international level /
The International Partnership for the Hydrogen
Economy (IPHE) was established in 2003 as an in-
ternational institution to accelerate the transition
to said economy. It currently comprises: Australia,
Brazil, Canada, China, the European Commission,
France, Germany, Iceland, India, Italy, Japan, the
Republic of Korea, New Zealand, Norway, the Rus-
sian Federation, the United Kingdom and the Unit-
ed States.
Each of the IPHE partner countries (or groups of

countries) is committed to accelerating the devel-
> US Department of Energy opment of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies,
to improve the quality and security of their energy
Within the US Department of Energy (DoE), man-
supply, environment and economy.
agement of the hydrogen and fuel cell program, for
which the budget in 2009 was approximately 200
million dollars, is the responsibility of the Office of
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE).
The lines of research and development in hydro-

gen matters covered by the DoE include the fields
of fossil energy, nuclear power and basic science
in the energy sector. It also has a specific program
to promote niche markets that can be covered with
fuel cell technology, as is the case of freight han-
dling equipment or energy back-up systems.

IPHE partner countries
Countries represented in the IPHE through the European Commission
> International Energy Agency

The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an organ- tries that are major energy consumers and produc-
ization that acts as an energy policy adviser for its ers, such as China, India, Russia and the OPEC
28 member countries, in their efforts to ensure a re- countries.
liable, economically acceptable and clean energy
Of note is the establishment in 1988 of the Hydro-
supply for their inhabitants.
gen Implementing Agreement, a program struc-
Its current work is focused on developing climate tured around what are called “Tasks” that encom-
change policies, market reform, cooperation in en- pass the entire hydrogen chain: production, stor-
ergy-related technologies and in fostering the in- age and use in fuel cells, and in which there is
terest of the rest of the world, especially of coun- Spanish participation.

Hydrogen Economy Agents in Europe /
> Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint This Technology Platform, which included mem-
Technology Initiative (FCH JTI) bers from the scientific community, industry, pub-
lic authorities, the business community and civ-
The Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Technology Ini- il society in general, saw its objectives culminated
tiative (FCH JTI) derives from the extinct European with the definition of a European strategy (Strate-
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Platform (HFP). gic Research Agenda, Deployment Strategy, Imple-
The Platform was created by the European Com- mentation Plan) that served as a basis for estab-
mission in January 2004 to facilitate and accelerate lishment of a public-private partnership within the
development and use of, globally competitive, Eu- framework of article 171 of the Treaty on European
ropean energy systems based on fuel cells and hy- Union: the fuel cells and hydrogen JTI.
drogen, for use in the transportation sector and in
stationary and portable applications. The JTI launched by the European Commission in
2008, aims to develop projects, for a period of 6
years, related with hydrogen and fuel cells in the
field of basic and applied research, development
and demonstration, that allow these technologies
to experience major growth in commercialization
from 2010 to 2020, and achieve significant access
to the mass market by 2020.
The members of the FCH JTI are: The European

Commission, the Industrial Group (Industry Group-
ing – IG) and the Scientific Community (Research
Grouping – RG). Spanish companies and organiza-
tions are involved in the last two.

Hydrogen Economy Agents in Spain /
> Spanish Hydrogen and Fuel Cell > Spanish Hydrogen Association
Technology Platform
The main objective of the Spanish Hydrogen As-
The main objective of the Spanish Hydrogen and sociation (AeH2) is to foster the development of hy-
Fuel Cell Technology Platform (PTE-HPC) is to fa- drogen technologies as an energy vector and pro-
cilitate and accelerate the development and use, mote their use in industrial and commercial appli-
in Spain, of systems based on fuel cells and hy- cations. It is intended that the principal beneficiary
drogen, in the different technologies, for integra- of the achievements of the Association be socie-
tion into the transportation sector and into station- ty as a whole and not the partners themselves, of
ary and portable applications. To this end, it takes both the environmental benefits and long-term in-
the entire R&D&I chain into account. dustrial momentum it expects to achieve.
In this regard, the Platform is aware of the need

for an operational and dynamic approach that in-
corporates all elements of the science-technolo-
gy-enterprise system as well as public administra-
tions, achieving optimal coordination with Europe-
an and international bodies, which will become a > Spanish Fuel Cell Association
compulsory forum in which administration will put
its trust when considering short, medium and long- The aim of the Spanish Fuel Cell Association (Ap-
term R&D&I needs. pice) is to favor scientific and technical develop-
ment of this technology, disseminate its potential
at national and international levels, and to provide
training and information to interested social agents.

Past and present of 4
hydrogen in Andalusia
Andalusia commenced hydrogen and fuel
cell activities in 1989 through a Cooperation
Agreement with the National Institute for
Aerospace Technology (INTA).
The Andalusian Sustainable Energy Plan

2007-2013 (PASENER) considers hydrogen
an important vector for storing energy from
renewable sources and as an alternative
with which to achieve sustainable
transportation.

Past and present of hydrogen
in Andalusia /
/ Activities related to hydrogen as an

energy vector and to fuel cells commence
in Andalusia in 1989, supported by a
Framework Cooperation Agreement
between the Regional Government of
Andalusia and the National Institute for
Aerospace Technology (INTA).
The objective of said Agreement was to make pro- The interest of the Andalusian Administration in
gress in a concept of energy storage and manage- these activities materialized in successive Specif-
ment known as “regenerative fuel cell system”, for ic Agreements between the Regional Government
aerospace use essentially at that time, but with un- of Andalusia and the INTA, developed until 1995,
doubted potential at terrestrial level for manage- in which aspects of hydrogen storage (through the
ment of energy produced from renewable sources, development of a metal hydrides system) and the
uncoupling energy production and consumption. use of fuel cells – phosphoric acid fuel cell, taking
advantage of internal methanol reforming, and solid
In September 1990, under the aforesaid Agree-
polymer fuel cell , using renewable hydrogen– were
ment, the first Specific Agreement was established
researched in depth.
to set up a working group to conduct activities re-
lated to hydrogen production from solar photovol-
taic energy. One of its main achievements was the
design, construction, operation and evaluation of
the first domestic installation of its kind, and one of
the first at world level, where the hydrogen-renew-
able energy binomial was combined, at the Experi-
mentation Center in El Arenosillo (Huelva).
Past and present of hydrogen in Andalusia / 33

Several universities throughout Andalusia also com-
menced activities in this field in the 90s: the Univer-
sity of Huelva, which focused its activities on de-
velopment of inverters and control systems for fuel
cells; and that of Seville, which focused its efforts
on integration of renewable energy sources and hy-
drogen production systems, and on development
of power systems applicable to fuel cells. These in-
stitutions set up new laboratories that joined the
In turn, the scientific-technical infrastructure (7 kW
existing facilities in El Arenosillo.
solar photovoltaic installation, hydrogen storage
devices in the form of 200 bar pressure metal From early 2000 to date, several companies, re-
hydrides, PEMFC and PAFC systems, auxiliary search centers and Andalusian universities have
installations, etc.) developed by the INTA in the been progressively adding to the total number of
town of Mazagon (Huelva), enabled an Andalusian players developing activities related with hydrogen
research team to present, in 2002, the first doctoral and fuel cell technologies in Andalusia, which have
thesis2 associated with this subject. In the same, the resulted in significant innovation, research and de-
production of electrolytic hydrogen from solar photo- velopment projects in the sector. The list of Andalu-
voltaic energy was analyzed from an energy stand- sian companies, research centers, universities and
point as a means of energy storage that contributes projects is provided in subsequent sections herein.
to the management of renewable energy sources
In this regard, of note are some Andalusian compa-
and to reducing the randomness of the same.
nies and entities, such as Abengoa (which, in 2003,
The unit set up and the nature of the Public centralized all its activities related to hydrogen and
Research Center that housed it can be considered fuel cells in the company Hynergreen Technologies,
the germ that has enabled achievement of, through S.A.), the INTA and the Almeria Solar Platform,
the efforts of companies that became involved later, which, in the 90s, created fields of work related to
levels of know-how, knowledge and experience that hydrogen and fuel cells that, years later, still exist
allow Andalusian entities to participate in national within the Andalusian business framework opera-
and European R&D projects. tional in the sector.
2 Theoretical and Experimental Study on the production of electrolytic hydro-

gen from solar photovoltaic energy: design, operation and evaluation of a 1.2
Nm3 H2 /h pilot plant for electrolytic hydrogen production.

In 2007, due to the ever-increasing need to attain a The efforts made by the Regional Government of
more environmentally friendly energy model that fa- Andalusia to promote and support projects and
vors sustainable development based on less con- initiatives in the hydrogen and fuel cells sector, from
taminating and more efficient electric energy pro- its Ministry of Economy, Innovation and Science
duction, activities related with the preparation of a through the Directorate General for Universities,
hydrogen and fuel cell roadmap in Andalusia com- the Agency for Innovation and Development of
menced, under the coordination of the Andalusian Andalusia (IDEA), the Andalusian Energy Agency,
Energy Agency, the entity responsible for developing and from the Technological Corporation of Andalusia
and assessing the measures derived from the en- (CTA), are worthy of mention. This support has
ergy policy of the Regional Government of Andalu- contributed greatly to enabling achievement of the
sia to optimize the energy supply of our Community. status this Autonomous Community now holds.
At present, the Andalusian Sustainable Energy Plan

2007-2013 (PASENER) considers hydrogen a rel- > THERE IS A CLEAR OPPORTUNITY FOR GROWTH
evant vector to respond to the energy supply needs FOR ANDALUSIA IN THESE TECHNOLOGIES BECAUSE IT
of Andalusian society, due mainly to its interest in POSSESSES GREAT RESEARCH AND BUSINESS POTENTIAL,
renewable energy storage and as an alternative to WELL BALANCED AND KNOWLEDGEABLE OF THE LATEST
achieve sustainable transport. R&D TRENDS IN THE SECTORS IN WHICH IT OPERATES, AS
WELL AS HIGH AVAILABILITY OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES
AND EXPERIENCE IN HARNESSING THE SAME, ALL OF
WHICH ARE ASPECTS IN ITS FAVOR.
Harnessing and exploitation of this potential by re-

search centers and companies requires a develop-
ment strategy that favors their positioning at inter-
national level in the hydrogen and fuel cells field.
Past and present of hydrogen in Andalusia / 35

Relevant players
5 in Andalusia
There are currently 22 Andalusian research
groups that have developed activities
related to hydrogen and fuel cells.

50% of these research works are in the
field of production technologies, focused
mainly on fuel cells.
There are 7 Andalusian companies with

projects underway in the hydrogen and
fuel cells sector and 46 with potential
interest in these technologies.
Andalusia has a business presence in

practically the entire hydrogen value chain.

Relevant players in
Andalusia /
/ In the analysis of the relevant players

in Andalusia that are working in the
hydrogen and fuel cell sectors, those
R&D&I Groups /
belonging to R&D&I groups, on the one
hand, and those linked to companies, on
/ The number of research groups active
the other, have been separated.
in this sector has increased remarkably in
recent years.
Within the former, a distinction is made between

universities (or groups attached to the same) and There are currently 22 research groups belonging to,
Public Research Bodies (OPI). As regards the com- or attached to, universities, included in the Andalu-
panies, they in turn have been subdivided into sian Plan for Research, Development and Innovation
those that are already working on these technol- (PAIDI) that have developed activities in this field.
ogies and those that have only recently begun to These groups are involved in the following areas:
show their interest in the same.
Physics, Chemistry and Materials (FQM)
Production Technologies (TEP)
Natural Resources and Environment (RNM)
Life Sciences (CVI)
Social, Economic and Legal Sciences (SEJ)
Relevant players in Andalusia / 39

The variety of areas demonstrates that hydrogen This university’s Department of Economics, Quan-
and fuel cell technologies are interdisciplinary lines titative Methods and Economic History is the only
of research, where not only are the energy (TEP) or department that conducts its activities in the area
catalysis and material (FQM) aspects taken into ac- of Social, Economic and Legal Sciences. In the
count, but also aspects relating to natural resourc- same, an economic analysis of the use of hydrogen
es (RNM), hydrogen production via biological pro- as fuel within the framework of the MaHREs I and II
cess (CVI) and economics (SEJ). projects is being conducted.
The data analysis concludes that 50% of these As regards the area of Natural Resources and Envi-
research groups conduct their activity in the area of ronment, the activity is concentrated in the Depart-
Production Technologies, focusing in most cases ment of Inorganic Chemistry of the University of
on study, design, and modeling of PEMFC and Granada, where new catalysts for hydrogenation
SOFC, while also including lines aimed at the use reactions and electrolyzers for fuel cells are being
of hydrogen as a storage system and management analyzed and developed.
of energies from renewable sources.
Lastly, the Department of Plant Biochemistry at the
Physics, Chemistry and Materials occupies second University of Seville is working on hydrogen pro-
place, with a 36% share. These groups work main- duction from algae in the Life Sciences area.
ly on the development of catalytic materials for hy-
drogen production and conductors for use in fuel
cells. The theoretical studies within this area, on hy- Graph 1 / Distribution of research centers
belonging or attached to universities in
drogen storage in nanotubes, being conducted by
Andalusia by area of activity.
the Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural
Systems of Pablo Olavide University in Seville, are Total: 22 research centers.
worthy of mention.
4.5% / Natural Resources
and Environment (RNM)
50% / Production 4.5% / Life

Technologies (TEP) Sciences (CVI)
4.5% / Social,
36.5% / Physics, Chemistry Economic and Legal
and Materials (FQM) Sciences (SEJ)

Of note from the distribution by university is the Andalusia”, has complete polymer fuel cell test
concentration of groups in the University of Seville, benches and has actually commenced activities in the
due mainly to the existence of local companies area of hydrogen production from fossil fuels (diesel)
and other Public Research Bodies that have acted and biofuels (bioethanol). The group has participated
traditionally as facilitators of the same. in numerous European and national projects.
Furthermore, in recent years, the Solar Fuels Group

of the Solar Concentration Systems Unit of the PSA
Graph 2 / Distribution of research centers
by university to which they belong or are has undertaken several projects aimed at devel-
attached to. oping technologies for hydrogen production via
Total: 22 research centers. thermochemical processes from concentrated solar
radiation (INNOHYP and SOLTER-H). Through the
CIEMAT, the Platform is also promoting, together
4.5% / University of Almeria 9.1% / University of Cadiz
with its homologous centers, the CEA in France
9.1% / Pablo de Olavide University 4.5% / University of Huelva
and ENEA in Italy, the creation of the Sushypro
4.5% / Experimental Platform – the site for which has not
University of Granada
yet been chosen – and an action plan for testing
hydrogen massive and clean production systems
4.5% / University of by means of CO2 emission-free high temperature
Cordoba
thermal processes.
50.2% / University of Seville Lastly, of note is the fact that participation in

4.5% /
9.1% / University of Malaga University of Jaen European projects by Andalusian research groups
in this field has mostly been by the INTA, PSA, the
Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMSE)3, and
the Universities of Seville and Huelva.
With respect to Public Research Bodies (OPI), the
activities carried out by the INTA’s Test Centre of El A list of each of the Groups and Public Research
Arenosillo, Mazagon (Huelva), and by the Almeria Bodies is included in the annexes herein.
Solar Platform (PSA) of the Research Center for
Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), in
Tabernas (Almeria), are noteworthy.
The INTA, in addition to the activities indicated

3 The ICMSE is a Joint Center established by the Spanish National Research
in section 4, “Past and Present of Hydrogen in Council and the University of Seville.

Companies / the hydrogen and fuel cell sector in the near future
must be added to the afore-mentioned companies.
The business sectors these companies are in-

/ At present, seven Andalusian companies
volved in are:
directly involved in this sector and with
demonstration projects backed by
regional, national or European funding are Plastics industry (9%), with potential to manufacture
worthy of mention: five in Seville (Carburos frames and seals for fuel cells and electrolyzers.
Metálicos S.A., Greenpower Technologies, Components industry (19%), to utilize the develop-
S.L., Hynergreen Technologies, S.A., ments derived from integration and use of fuel cells in sectors
Inerco, S.A. and Endesa, S.A.), one in such as that of transportation, etc.
Almeria (Sistemas de Calor, S.L.) and one Renewable energy related industries (9%), in-
in Jaen (Santana Motor, S.A.). terested in the contribution of hydrogen as a storage system that
will help to resolve the problems deriving from the randomness
of said sources.
The projects being developed by these companies
involve the following lines of work: production, stor- Special alloys industry (8%), capable of meeting the
age and use of clean hydrogen; design, develop- demand for materials for the manufacturing of hydrogen stor-
age systems.
ment and manufacture of fuel cells; development
of BoP (Balance of Plant) for fuel cell based sys- Engineering companies (8%), with potential to de-
tems, inclusion of these technologies in the trans- velop energy integration projects.
portation sector and their integration with renewa- Electronic companies (13%), to respond to the need
ble sources such as wind power. to condition the voltage levels between the renewable sources
and the loads (electrolyzers), and between the producers (fuel
The high concentration of these projects in cells) and the grid.
Abengoa subsidiaries in noteworthy. The company Composite materials industry (6%), will have a
commenced activities in the hydrogen and fuel cell clear application in the development of hydrogen storage sys-
sector in 1998 through its subsidiaries Inabensa and tems thanks to the manufacturing of lightweight and resistant
Greencell, which gave way, in 2003, to Hynergreen elements.
Technologies. These companies are also major Transportation sector (9%), which is an obvious
participants in European projects. niche market for use of fuel cells in the automotive sector.
Another 46 Andalusian entities with interest in and Auxiliary industry (19%) will contribute with machin-
ing systems for parts and pieces and integration of components.
the technological capacity to undertake projects in

The conclusion from the previous analysis is that Graph 4 / Distribution of Andalusian
there is sufficient potential in Andalusia to cover the companies with direct involvement or
entire hydrogen and fuel cell value chain (produc- interest in hydrogen and fuel cells, by
province.
tion, storage and final use of hydrogen, and design,
Total: 53 companies.
manufacturing and integration of fuel cells).
Another conclusion from the study of these com- 4% / Huelva

4% / Almeria
panies is that they are distributed throughout all the
provinces of Andalusia (Graph 4). The province of 7,5% / Granada
Seville, with 38% of the same (20 entities) and par-
7,5% / Cordoba
ticipation in all the afore-mentioned areas, is of note.
38% / Seville
9% / Cadiz
Graph 3 / Distribution of Andalusian

companies with direct involvement or 13% / Malaga 17% / Jaen
interest in hydrogen and fuel cells, by
business activity.
Total: 53 companies.
> FROM THE RESULT OF BOTH DISTRIBUTIONS
6% / Composite Materials
(GEOGRAPHIC AND BUSINESS ACTIVITY) IT IS CLEAR
8% / Special Alloys TO SEE THAT ANDALUSIA IS IN A BALANCED POSITION
19% / Components
AND POSSESSES MAJOR POTENTIAL FOR INDUSTRIAL
8% / Engineering
GROWTH IN THE HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELL SECTOR,
9% / Transportation WHICH WILL, IN TURN, FAVOR ITS TRANSITION TOWARD A
19% / Auxiliary SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MODEL.
9% / Plastics
13% / Electronics
9% / Renewables

6 Emblematic projects
in Andalusia
From 2001 to 2009, 58 projects of special
relevance in the hydrogen and fuel cell
sector, with an overall investment of almost
40 million euro, have been rolled out in
Andalusia.
Most of the projects involve areas of R&D&I

related with hydrogen technologies, its
production, purification and storage.
The annual investment in Andalusia in this

matter (public and private) has gone from
200,000 euro in 2001 to almost 8 million
euro in 2009.

Emblematic projects in
Andalusia /
/ 2001 to 2009 has been taken as the time

span for the analysis, as it is considered
to be representative of the deployment
of these technologies at national and
regional level.
In this period, 58 projects aimed specifically at hy-

Graph 5 / Evolution of investment
drogen and fuel cells, of special relevance in the associated with Andalusian projects.
sector and with significant involvement of our Au- Period: 2001-2009.
tonomous community, were initiated.
Annual investment
The sum of the investments in said 58 projects,
including public as well as private contributions, € 2,000,000 € 4,000,000 € 6,000,000 € 8,000,000
comes to almost 40 million euro (38.9 million euro).

2009
During the period in question, a constant increase
2008
in annual investment can be seen. The same went
2007
from approximately 200,000 euro in 2001 to almost
8 million euro in 2009 (Graph 5). 2006
2005
The jump in investment between 2005 and 2006,
2004
coinciding with the period in which most of the pro-
2003
jects commenced, is of note.
2002
2001
Emblematic projects in Andalusia / 47

From the point of view of the recommendations
of the different platforms and strategic studies,
the PTE-HPC recommends some 75 million euro
a year be invested in Spain (between the 17 au-
tonomous communities) and the HY-CO ERA-Net5
study suggests some 200 million euro for each of
the European Union member states.
The evolution of the number of projects added in

the 2001 to 2009 time span is shown in graph 6.
The years 2004, 2006 and 2009 stand out as specif-

ically prolific for start-up of new projects related with
These annual investments highlight the growing
hydrogen and fuel cells, such as the development
interest in Andalusia in hydrogen and fuel cell tech-
of reformers by the INTA, those derived from the
nologies and are proof of how this Autonomous
integration of renewable sources and hydrogen, the
Community is playing an important role at national
Hidrolica and Hercules-Las Columnas projects, or
and international level in this field, attaining even
those for the integration of fuel cells in the automo-
the investment objectives established by the PTE-
tive sector, the Delfin and Hercules-El Leon projects.
HPC (Spanish Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology
Platform) and matching those foreseen by the JTI in These periods coincide with those in which the sec-
the field of hydrogen and fuel cells. tor received major support from public administra-
tions, with milestones such as the publication of the
As benchmarks for comparing the expenditure
successive calls for proposals by the Agency for In-
in Andalusia with that of other regions, it is worth
novation and Development of Andalusia (IDEA) or
noting that, through the 6th and 7th Framework
the significant action taken by the Technological
Programmes4, the annual investment of the Euro-
Corporation of Andalusia6, ratifying the success of
pean Community in these technologies is about 140
these types of programs.
million euro for all its member states; in addition,
Germany employs approximately 50 million euro a
year in developing its own projects.
5 Co-ordination Action to Establish a Hydrogen and Fuel Cell ERA-NET, the
objective of which is to create a network that integrates national and regional
R&D activities related to hydrogen and fuel cells.
4 The Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development is 6 The Technological Corporation of Andalusia (CTA) is a public-private founda-
the main instrument of the European Commission for promoting and financ- tion promoted by the Ministry of Economy, Innovation and Science of the
ing research projects at European Union level. Regional Government of Andalusia.

Graph 6 / Cumulative total of projects Graph 7 / Distribution of the Andalusian
initiated each year in Andalusia. projects by their nature.
Period: 2001-2009. Total: 58 projects.
Projects initiated
10 20 30 40 50 60 28% / General promotion of
knowledge and know-how
2009
2008
7% / Thematic networks
2007
2006 5% /
Standards and
2005 regulations
2004
2003 9% / General and

51% / R&D&I areas implementation studies
2002
2001
From the standpoint of their nature, 28% of the

projects has focused on the general promotion > THE FACT THAT MOST OF THE PROJECTS ARE IN THE
of knowledge and know-how (basic research) in AREA OF APPLIED RESEARCH, EXCEEDING THOSE OF
the hydrogen and fuel cells area, while 51% of the BASIC RESEARCH, INDICATES THAT THE ANDALUSIAN
same has focused on R&D&I areas (including ap- COMPANIES AND RESEARCH GROUPS ARE GEARING
plied research, technological development and THEIR LINES OF WORK, TO A GREATER EXTENT, TO
demonstration of the technologies developed). INTEGRATING AND APPLYING TECHNOLOGIES AND
KNOW-HOW THAT HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED IN ADVANCE.
9% of the projects focused on general and imple-
mentation studies, feasibility studies and strategic
plans; 5% on development of standards and regu-
lations for these new technologies; and the remain-
ing 7% to participation or cooperation in themat-
ic networks.

Among the general knowledge and know-how pro- their integration into systems (Gencell, Homecell or
motion projects, those focused on development of Microcell), stand out.
catalysts to obtain hydrogen (Universities of Cadiz
and Seville), hydrogen generation by photochem- As regards projects included in the general studies
ical processes (University of Cadiz) and develop- and implementation, and thematic networks cate-
ment of materials (Universities of Malaga and Se- gories, the MaHReA, EIHP and FCTESTNET Pro-
ville) are noteworthy. jects are worthy of mention as examples.
Among the innovation and development projects, As regards distribution of the projects by technol-
those related with hydrogen production from ogy, graph 8 shows that the majority of the same
renewable sources (FIRST, RES2H2, Hercules-Las (65%) are related to hydrogen technologies, its pro-
Columnas, Sol-Ter-H or Hidrolica), those focused duction, purification and storage; 21% focus on
on hydrogen production from fossil fuels (REFORDI development and use of fuel cells and their relat-
or SOLHYCARB), those that delve deep into the ed systems; and the remaining 14% on systems
integration of systems (Hercules-El Leon, Delfin or that combine hydrogen production and its use in
Aquila), or those on development of elements for fuel cells.

Graph 8 / Distribution of Andalusian
projects by technology.
Total: 58 projects.
65% / Hydrogen
21% / Fuel cells
14% / Integration
The analysis by technology shows a balanced and They are distributed as per technology, with an indi-
logical result, if one considers Andalusia’s com- cation of the Andalusian partners involved, the over-
mitment to renewable hydrogen and integration all project budget, financing sources and synoptic
of renewable energy sources into the electric gen- description of the same. The cooperation that exists
eration mix and that the projects on the use of fuel among research groups and companies is note-
cells are focused on key sectors for the Andalusian worthy, and indicates the degree of complementa-
economy, such as the transportation sector. rity that has been achieved in development of this
technology.
This greater focus toward key activities for the econ-
omy (energy and transport) is very consistent with The number of projects carried out in a community
the objectives and strategic lines defined by both the context (26%) as against those that have received
Spanish Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Plat- national and regional funding (34% each) and those
form, and its European counterpart (materialized in with there own funding, which was 6% of the total,
the establishment of the JTI), as these are sectors is also worthy of mention.
where there has been increasing effort to establish
Likewise, the interdisciplinarity of the activities un-
the development of these new energy technologies.
dertaken in the projects with the higher budgets as
A description of the projects carried out and under- reflected in the number and field of activity of par-
way in Andalusia is given on the following pages. ticipants is also noteworthy.

Projects related with hydrogen
production, purification and
storage technologies /
> REFORDI: Development of a 25 kW reformer for hydrogen production from diesel.
Total Budget: Funding: Execution period: Andalusian Budget Andalusian

participants: participants:
€ 3,000,000 INTA 2004-2010 INTA, AICIA € 1,000,000
Objective: development, construction, operation

and assessment of a diesel-fueled reformer that
produces a stream of hydrogen capable of being
used by a PEM type fuel cell (CO < 20 ppm).
> THE PROJECT HAS BEEN EXECUTED IN TWO STAG-

ES: IN THE FIRST, DESIGN OF THE CATALYTIC SYS-
TEM AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONTROL STRATE-
GIES WAS UNDERTAKEN, LEADING TO THE CONSTRUC-
TION OF A 5 kW PROTOTYPE. IN THE SECOND STAGE,
ASPECTS RELATING TO ENERGY INTEGRATION AND
ENHANCEMENT OF TRANSIENT BEHAVIOR DURING
START-UPS AND SHUTDOWNS WERE ADDRESSED.

> EIHP I and II: Development of legislation for hydrogen use in the automotive sector.
Total budget: Funding: Execution period: Andalusian Budget Andalusian

€ 2,000,000 Participants and EU’s 5th 2001-2004 INTA € 300,000
Framework Programme
> HYAPPROVAL: Continuation of EIHP II.

Framework Programme
> STORHY: Development of hydrogen storage systems.

Framework Programme
> Design and Synthesis of multiporous coordination polymers (FQM-4228).

€ 351,000 Regional Government of 2009-2013 University of € 351,000
Andalusia. Ministry of Granada
Economy, Innovation and
Science
> Cerium dioxide catalysts for hydrogen production from methane.

€ 202,500 Ministry of Science and 2002-2005 University of Cadiz € 202,500
Technology

> Water as a source of atomic and molecular hydrogen. Implications in chemistry, biology and
alternative energies (FQM-3213).

€ 320,000 Regional Government of 2008-2012 University of € 320,000
Andalusia. Ministry of Granada
Science
> Hydrogen production in microchannel reactors (TEP-1961).

€ 444,000 Regional Government of 2007-2010 University of Seville € 444,000
Andalusia. Ministry of
Science
> Application of plasma technology with catalysis to the production of hydrogen and to the
construction of nanotubes for reforming of alcohols and plastic materials (FQM-1741).

€ 354,000 Regional Government of 2007-2010 ICMS-CSIC and € 354,000
Andalusia. Ministry of University of Seville
Science
> Design of advanced noble metals/Ceria-based fuel processing catalysts for hydrogen production.

€ 250,000 Ministry of Education and 2004-2005 University of Cadiz € 250,000
Science

> SOLHYCARB: High Temperature Solar Chemical Reactor for Co-production of hydrogen and
carbon black from natural gas cracking.

€ 2,000,000 Participants and EU’s 5th 2006-2010 Abengoa Solar NT € 300,000
Framework Programme
Its objective is the development of a new route for economic

production of hydrogen and synthesis of nanostructured
carbon materials from natural gas utilizing concentrated
solar energy.
In the developed system, natural gas is broken down

thermally in a high temperature solar reactor, producing a
stream with high hydrogen content and a carbon-based
nanostructured composite, of high commercial value. The
solar thermal energy is stored in the hydrogen and the
process is free of CO2 emissions in a manner different to
that of sequestration techniques.
Source: CNRS-PROMES
> THE PROJECT AIMS AT THE

DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND
TESTING OF AN INNOVATIVE
SOLAR REACTOR WITH OUTPUTS
RANGING FROM 5 TO 50 kW
THERMAL FOR OPERATING
TEMPERATURES BETWEEN
1,500 AND 2,300 K AND 1 BAR
PRESSURES.

> Photochemical generation of protons and hydrogen activation (FQM-2734).

€ 668,000 Regional Government of 2008-2012 University of Cadiz € 668,000
Science
> New catalytic materials for production of hydrogen with very low CO content.

€ 350,000 Ministry of Education and 2005-2008 University of Cadiz € 350,000
Science
> Lanthanide oxide-based nanostructured catalysts for hydrogen and biodiesel production.

€ 1,159,000 Ministry of Science and 2009-2013 University of Cadiz €1,159,000
Innovation
> Production and valorization of bio-hydrogen from urban solid wastes (TEP-2472).

€ 642,000 Regional Government of 2008-2012 University of Cadiz € 642,000
Science

> MaHREs: Preparation of the hydrogen supply and demand map in Spain.
Total budget: Funding: Execution Andalusian participants: Budget Andalusian

period: participants:
€ 180,000 Hynergreen and the Ministry 2004 Hynergreen and Pablo de € 180,000
of Education and Science Olavide University
> MaHREs II: Analysis of multi-criterion decision that enables the drafting of a hydrogen map
for the home market.

€ 140,000 Hynergreen 2006-2007 Hynergreen and Pablo de € 140,000
Olavide University
The objective of this project was to analyze the feasi- >Demand for H2 for transport in 2010
Basque Region (4%)
bility of implementing the Hydrogen Economy in Spain Navarra (1%)
Murcia (3%) Andalusia (17%)
and plan said process, with a first stage comprising
coverage in 2010 of 10% of transportation energy Madrid (15%) Aragon (3%)
Asturias (2%)
demand with hydrogen from renewable sources. La Rioja (1%) Balearic Isles (3%)
Galicia (5%) Canary Islands (5%)
To this end, a multi-objective programming model was Extremadura (2%) Cantabria (1%)
developed. This would enable, for the period taken into Valencian C. (11%) Castilla y Leon (5%)
account, planning of investments in renewable ener- Catalonia (17%) Castilla la Mancha (4%)
gies in Spain, as well as the production and distribution
Total: 5x109 t.
of the hydrogen generated throughout the different
Spanish regions.
> PROJECT MAHREA (MAP OF RENEWABLE HYDRO-
In the case of Andalusia, the results showed that this GEN IN ANDALUSIA) IS THE CONTINUATION OF THESE
region is self-sufficient in renewable energy resources PROJECTS. IT CONTEMPLATES, FROM SEVERAL TECH-
to cover 10% of its energy demand for transportation, NICAL AND ECONOMIC STANDPOINTS, AND UNDER THE
utilizing, basically, wind power and thermosolar energy. PERSPECTIVE OF DIFFERENT FUTURE ENERGY GENERA-
TION AND DEMAND SCENARIOS, THE DIFFERENT POSSI-
BILITIES FOR RENEWABLE HYDROGEN PRODUCTION IN
THIS AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY, WITH THE FINAL OB-
JECTIVE OF SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SELF-SUFFICIENCY.

> HIDRYCAT: Study of dry reforming (catalytic) to obtain hydrogen and synthesis gas for
Fischer-Tropsch.

€ 63,900 Ministry of Education and 2004-2007 RNM111 Research € 63,900
Science Group – Regional
Government of
Andalusia
> SYNANOCAT: Obtaining synthesis gas and hydrogen by reforming hydrocarbons on Ni

nanostructured catalysts.

€ 119,790 Ministry of Education and 2007-2010 University of Malaga € 55,000
Science and University of
Seville
> H2 – Plasma: Hydrogen production by organic compound decomposition utilizing

microwave plasma at atmospheric pressure.

€ 145,200 Ministry of Science and 2009-2011 University of € 145,200
Innovation Cordoba
> Steam co-gasification of biomass/poor coal blends. Attainment of syngas capable of powering
gas engines/fuel cells.

€ 101,075 University of Seville and 2004 University of Seville € 101,075
Ministry of Education and
Science

> SolTer-H: Development and construction of a prototype for hydrogen production from high
temperature thermosolar energy.

€ 903,677 Participants and Ministry of 2004-2008 Hynergreen, € 903,677
Education and Science Abengoa Solar NT,
PSA-CIEMAT
The fundamental objective of the project was to demonstrate the feasibility of the hydrogen and concen-
trated solar thermal energy binomial though the use of ferrite-based thermochemical cycles.
Through these thermochemical cycles, that use an intermediate substance, it is possible to produce
oxygen and hydrogen from water without having to resort to temperatures as high as in the case of “di-
rect water splitting” by thermolysis, and simplifying the separation process for the gases produced. As part
of the project, a 5 kW system was designed, developed and evaluated in the solar furnace of the Almeria
Solar Platform.

> Project for integration of wind power with the new hydrogen technologies.

€ 218,700 Participants and CTA 2007 Gamesa and € 218,700
University of
Seville School of
Engineering
> Development of a gas generation from biomass system, suitable for use in fuel cells.

€ 200,000 Ministry of Education and 2001-2004 University of € 200,000
Science Seville School of
Engineering
> Clean hydrogen production: CO2 emission-free alternatives.

€ 2,170,000 Madrid Community 2006-2009 INTA, CIEMAT € 130,200
> Methane reforming for hydrogen production with plasmas and by catalytic and electrocatalytic
processes.

€ 121,000 Ministry of Education and 2004-2007 ICMS- CSIC and € 121,000
Science University of Seville
> Microchannel catalytic reactors for hydrogen production from alcohols.

€ 365,420 Ministry of Education and 2006-2009 University of € 365,420
Science Seville School of
Engineering

> HIDROLICA: Hydrogen production from wind power and integration of both
technologies.

€ 1,955,580 Participants, IDEA and CTA 2006-2009 Endesa Generación, € 1,955,580
Greenpower and
Inerco
The main objective of project Hidrolica is to analyze the integration of re-

> THIS PROJECT, CARRIED
newable energies with the hydrogen energy vector, so that any possi-
OUT AT TAHIVILLA WIND FARM
ble technological and economical disadvantages for its implementation
IN TARIFA (CADIZ), UTILIZES
at commercial scale may be identified and resolved.
WIND POWER AS THE PRIMARY
The results of this project contribute to fostering the integration of hydro- SOURCE TO PRODUCE
gen in wind farms that are currently operating, as, in addition to enabling HYDROGEN BY ELECTROLYSIS.
higher electrical energy production, they promote the penetration of hy-
drogen, either as an energy vector or as raw material, in potential mar-
kets, as of from which the formation of true hydrogen distribution net-
works would commence.

> Participation in the International Energy Agency Hydrogen Program: hydrogen production from
wind power.

€ 25,860 Andalusian Energy Agency 2007-2009 Andalusian Energy € 25,860
and the University of Seville Agency and the
School of Engineering University of
Seville School of
Engineering
> HYDROSOL II: Solar hydrogen via water splitting in advanced monolithic reactors for future
solar power plants.

€ 2,100,000 European Commission, 2005-2009 PSA-CIEMAT € 357,000
Directorate-General for
Research
> HYDROSOL III: Solar hydrogen via water splitting in advanced monolithic reactors for future
solar power plants.

€ 2,100,000 Fuel Cells and Hydrogen JTI 2009-2012 PSA-CIEMAT € 378,000
> Solar thermochemical application for production of syngas + H2 from heavy crude oil.

$ 6,800,000 Venezuelan State Oil 2004-2009 PSA-CIEMAT € 1,891,000
Company (PDVSA)

> PlasmaGen: Development of plasma reforming process for methane and other fuels.

€ 200,000 Hynergreen and IDEA 2005-2007 Hynergreen and € 200,000
ICMSE-CSIC
This project aims at the development of a process

to reform methane and/or other hydrocarbons utili-
zing plasma as a means to produce the breakdown
of fuel molecules.
In a traditional reforming system, the fuel (be it

hydrocarbon or alcohol) is combined with water
(and/or pure oxygen) to produce hydrogen, but
always with an emission of carbon dioxide (the
carbon existing in the hydrocarbon or alcohol
molecule becomes part of the CO2 molecule when
it combines with the oxygen).
In this novel system, which has already yielded pro-

mising results on its behavior in early trials, pre-
sents an alternative to conventional catalytic refor-
ming, that enables plasma reforming of the hydro-
carbon or alcohol without the need for oxygen. If
natural gas were used as fuel it would give rise to
hydrogen and carbon products in solid state.

> INOHYP: Innovative medium-long term for hydrogen production – Coordinated Action.

€ 770,000 Participants and EU’s 6th 2004-2007 PSA-CIEMAT € 15,400
Framework Programme
> HYRREG: Platform for generating projects for cooperation, to drive the Hydrogen Economy in
southeast Europe.

€ 1,324,429 Interreg IVB SUDOE Program 2009-2011 Andalusian Institute € 212,000
of Technology-IAT
and INTA
> Application of novel techniques for renewable electrical energy storage control utilizing hydrogen.

€ 320,000 University of Seville School 2007-2010 University of € 320,000
of Engineering and the Seville School of
Ministry of Science and Engineering
Innovation
> Feasibility study on hydrogen production from Wind Power.

€ 10,345 Andalusian Energy Agency 2005 Andalusian € 10,345
Energy Agency
and University of
Seville School of
Engineering

> ConSOLI+DA: Solar R&D Consortium. Work package for solar hydrogen production.

€ 2,000,000 Hynergreen and IDEA 2008-2011 Hynergreen, € 2,000,000
Abengoa Solar NT,
mc2
The ConSOLI+Da project is an undertaking at different levels for development of R&D in the solar energy
sector, funded under the Cenit framework.
One of the activities included in the project focuses on the study of hydrogen as a means for storage of
thermosolar energy, producing the gas at times when there is excess supply of solar energy and using it
to generate electricity at peak demand times.
Different hydrogen production processes (thermolysis, thermochemical cycles, high and low temperature
electrolysis, etc.) are being analyzed in project ConSOLI+Da, as are different systems for transforming this
gas into electrical or thermal energy (fuel cells, turbines, etc).
> Detail of the > Detail of assembly for study at the laboratory
upper part of of the Bunsen reaction.
the column
and the
condensate
Temperature probe
collection ball.
Stopper without gas connection
Mixed specimen for testing
PID Temperature Control
Bath with silicone and magnet
Heating plate

Projects focused on development and use of
fuel cells and related systems /
> Homecell: Design and development of a 2 kW electric energy generation system, based on fuel
cells, for the domestic market.
Total budget: Funding: Execution Andalusian Budget Andalusian

period: participants: participants:
€ 690,000 Hynergreen, Ministry of Education 2003-2005 Hynergreen € 690,000
and Science, and Regional
Government of Andalusia
> Microcell: Design and development of a polymer fuel cell for low consumption portable
applications.

€ 670,000 Hynergreen, Ministry of Education 2003-2005 Hynergreen € 670,000
and Science, and Regional
Government of Andalusia

> EPiCo: Development of national fuel cells.

€ 3,500,000 Ministry of 2005-2008 Hynergreen and INTA € 800,000
Education and
Science
The objective of project EPiCo was the development in Spain of polymeric fuel cells (PEMFC). In the same,
the members of the consortium designed, manufactured, evaluated and integrated these devices, with
powers ranging from 4 W to 1,000 W; technologies were developed at all levels, not only membrane or po-
lymer, but also in the field of control, and BoP (Balance of Plant). Some of the applications into which fuel
cells were integrated were battery chargers, autonomous generators, monitoring equipment, electric bicy-
cles, uninterrupted power supply systems, electric fences, etc.
> GENCELL: DC distributed generation for systems based on fuel cells and biogas microturbines.

€ 120.000 IDEA 2006 Greenpower and University of Seville € 120.000

> Experimental validation of a methodology for development of bipolar plates for solid polymer
fuel cells (P08-TEP-04309).

€ 244,000 Regional Government of Andalusia. 2009-2011 University of Seville € 244,000
Ministry of Economy, Innovation
and Science
> Development of nanostructured nickel catalysts and attainment of hydrogen from methane and
solid oxide fuel cell anodes (FQM-2520).

€ 483.000 Regional Government of Andalusia. 2008-2012 Scientific Research € 483.000
Ministry of Economy, Innovation Centre Isla de la
and Science Cartuja
> Analysis of relevant conductor materials for use in fuel cells and other electrical devices

€ 242,000 Ministry of Education and Science 2007-2010 University of € 242,000
Malaga and CSIC
> FCTESTNET: Development of test protocols for fuel cells.

€ 900,000 Participants and EU’s 5th 2001-2004 INTA € 50,000
Framework Programme
> FCTESTQA: Comparison of test protocols for fuel cells.

Framework Programme

> REVCELL: Development of a reversible fuel cell system for stand alone applications.

€ 3,900,000 Participants and EU’s 5th 2002-2006 Hynergreen and € 400,000
Framework Programme Inabensa
The objective of this project was the development

of a reversible fuel cell, i.e., that supports the nor-
mal functioning of a fuel cell, to produce electric
energy by combining hydrogen and oxygen, pro-
ducing water as a waste product, and also the
contrary, typical of an electrolyzer device, by which
water is dissociated into its aforesaid elementary
components.
On this project, the reversible fuel cell was integra-

ted with photovoltaic panels, thereby enabling the
production of clean and renewable hydrogen in in-
accessible and remote areas, in a decentralized
manner. Thus, by means of a Revcell system and
a solar installation, a user could avail of hydrogen
(for example, to fuel a vehicle) and electric energy
(suitably stored in the form of hydrogen, to be used
even when the solar resource is not available, at
night, for example).

> Aquila: Development of fuel cell-based electric energy generators for the aeronautical sector.

€ 1,380,240 Hynergreen, IDEA, and CTA 2006-2008 Hynergreen and € 1,380,240
AICIA
The objective of this project was to ad-

vance in the introduction of hydrogen
and fuel cell technology in the aeronau-
tical sector.
To this end, different possibilities for dis-

tributed electric energy generation on
board planes utilizing different technolo-
gies, high, medium and low temperature
fuel cells were analyzed.
On the other hand, in the field of hydro-

gen transportation, new materials and
storage methods were studied, while for
on-board production, electrolytic and fuel
reforming processes were considered.
> Santa Fe: Analysis of the technical feasibility of fuel cells applied to the railway sector.

€ 90,000 Hynergreen and IDEA 2009 Hynergreen and € 90,000
AICIA

Projects that integrate hydrogen
production systems and their use in fuel
cells, for final applications /
> FIRST: Development of a supply system based on hydrogen and fuel cells for telecommunications.

€ 1,200,000 Participants and EU’s 5th 2001-2004 INTA € 250.000
Framework Programme
> RES2H2: Development, installation and operation of a storage system for surplus wind power,
in hydrogen form.

€ 5,000,000 Participants and EU’s 5th 2002-2006 INTA and Inabensa € 600,000
Framework Programme
> The storage system for

surplus wind power, in
hydrogen form, situated
on the island of Gran
Canaria.

> H2-TODAY: Creation of a knowledge center based on web technology for the technical,
commercial and environmental aspects of hydrogen technology.

€ 100,000 University of Malaga 2009 University of € 100,000
Malaga, ISCEER and
INFOCODEX
> EcoTRANS: Ecological technologies for urban transportation. Work package for application
of hydrogen and fuel cells.

€ 1,500,000 Hynergreen and CDTI 2008-2011 Hynergreen, € 1,500,000
University of Jaen
and Cidaut
> H2-Sur: Commencement of infrastructure associated with the hydrogen economy in Andalusia.

€ 5,100,000 Participants and CDTI 2009-2011 Hynergreen, Alshark € 5,100,000
& Marine, Altum,
Bicieléctrica
> Smartcity: Infrastructures and advanced smart energy distribution services. Energy
generation and storage tasks, including hydrogen.

€ 320,000 * European Regional 2009-2012 Endesa Servicios, € 320,000
Development Fund Isotrol, Greenpower,
(ERDF) through CDTI, and Telvent, Ingeteam
participants
* The total budget for the project is 31 million euro. However, only the figure foreseen for hydrogen and fuel cells is reflected in the table.

> DELFIN: Development of a fuel cell powered electric vehicle.

€ 230,000 INTA 2006-2008 INTA and AICIA € 230.000
The aim of this project is to analyze and validate different control strategies for operation of electric vehi-
cles that incorporate fuel cells.
The prototype is a hybrid vehicle whose electric engine can be powered either by a fuel cell or by an addi-
tional system of electric batteries. In this regard, the incorporation of the fuel cell together with proper ma-
nagement of power can increase the autonomy of the vehicle by up to 2.5 times that of the commercial
vehicle it is based on.
> WORK IS CURRENTLY BEING

CARRIED OUT ON OPTIMIZING THE
CONFIGURATION OF THE VEHICLE
AND ITS SUPPLY SYSTEM, IN ORDER
TO INCREASE ITS EFFICIENCY AND
AUTONOMY.

> HERCULES: Development of a hydrogen production system using solar photovoltaic energy.
Construction of a hydrogen filling station and integration of fuel cells in a commercial vehicle.

€ 9,000,000 European Regional 2006-2009 Hynergreen, INTA, AICIA, € 9,000,000
Development Fund (ERDF) Greenpower, Andalusian
through the Ministry of Energy Agency, Carburos
Innovation and Science, IDEA Metálicos, Abengoa Solar
and CTA NT and Santana Motor
> AN ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE HAS BEEN ADAPTED TO SUIT IT TO

ELECTRIC PROPULSION, USING A FUEL CELL AND A HYDROGEN
TANK FOR ENERGY STORAGE.

Hercules Project is a pioneering singular and stra- The project comprises two distinct parts:
tegic technology demonstration initiative in Spain
1. On the one hand, a solar energy renewable
that encompasses the entire hydrogen chain as an
hydrogen filling station has been designed,
energy vector. The main objectives of the project are:
developed and commissioned in Sanlucar
> Development of the Hydrogen Economy in la Mayor (Seville), next to the PS-20 thermo-
Spain by establishing a further point in the solar power plant.
country’s future “virtual hydrogen network”.
2. On the other, an all-terrain vehicle has been
> To validate the hydrogen and fuel cells binomial adapted to suit it to electric propulsion, using
as a clean and efficient method for electricity a fuel cell and a hydrogen tank for energy
storage and its use in the transportation sector. storage.
> Solar energy renewable hydrogen

filling station in Sanlucar la Mayor,
next to the PS-20 thermosolar
power plant.

7 Annexes
/ University research groups

/ Public research bodies (OPI)
/ Companies with projects underway
/ Companies with short-term interest in
these technologies
University research groups /
Group / Dept. Code Contact Observations
University of Almeria
Department of Geometry, FQM 267 Maria Jose Iglesias Valdes-Solis Coal pyrolysis.
Topology and Organic Ctra. Sacramento s/n
Chemistry// Organic La Cañada de San Urbano
Chemistry Area 04120 Almeria
University of Cadiz
Department of Materials FQM 110 Serafin Bernal Marquez Catalysts for hydrogen production from methane
Science and Metallurgical Facultad de Ciencias reforming.
Engineering and Inorganic Apdo.40
Chemistry//Solid State 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz)
Chemistry and Catalysis Group
Department of Electric TEP 208 Jose Ramon Saenz Ruiz Control of fuel cells, especially SOFC. Works in col-
Engineering ESI I – E. Superior de Ingeniería laboration with the University of Jaen.
C/ Chile, 1
11002 Cádiz
University of Cordoba
Department of Inorganic FQM 175 Lourdes Hernan Paadin Catalysts for reformers. Works in collaboration with
Chemistry and Chemical Campus de Rabanales, C-3, Planta the University of Malaga.
Engineering Baja. 14071-Córdoba
University of Granada
Department of Inorganic RNM 172 Francisco Carrasco Marin Catalysts for reforming and coal gasification.
Chemistry Facultad de Ciencias
Campus Universitario de Fuentenueva
Avenida Severo Ochoa s/n
18071 Granada
University of Huelva
Department of Electronic Jose Manuel Andujar Marquez Modeling and control of renewable energy systems,
Engineering, Computerized TEP 192 Esc. Politecnica Superior including fuel cells.
and Automatic Systems. Campus de «La Rabida»
“Control and Robotics” Ctra de Palos de la Frontera s/n
Research Group 21071 La Rabida, Palos de la Frontera
(Huelva)
Annexes / 79
University of Jaen
Department of Electric TEP 152 Francisco Jurado Melguizo Control of fuel cells, especially SOFC. Works in col-
Engineering. Director de Departamento laboration with the University of Cadiz.
Electric Research and Esc. Politecnica Superior de Linares
Technology Group C/ Alfonso X El Sabio, nº 28
23700 Linares-Jaen
University of Malaga
Department of Inorganic FQM 113 Miguel A. García Aranda Solid electrolytes for SOFC.
Chemistry, Crystallography Facultad de Ciencias
and Mineralogy. Area: Campus de Teatinos 29071 Malaga
Structural design of inorganic
materials
Department of Inorganic FQM 155 Enrique Rodriguez Castellon Catalysts for reformers. Works in collaboration with
Chemistry, Crystallography Facultad de Ciencias the University of Cordoba.
and Mineralogy. Area: porous Campus de Teatinos 29071 Malaga
inorganic solids: synthesis,
characterization and catalytic
applications.
University of Seville
Department of Plant CVI 198 Francisco Fernando de la Rosa Acosta Hydrogen production from algae.
Biochemistry Facultad de Biologia
C/ Profesor García Gonzalez, s/n
41012 Sevilla
Department of Inorganic FQM-179 Guillermo Munuera Contreras Structures and reactivity of surfaces.
Chemistry Facultad de Quimica
C/ Profesor Garcia Gonzalez, s/n
41012 Sevilla
Research Group: Surfaces, FQM-196 Agustín Rodriguez Gonzalez-Elipe, Development of materials for reformers and SOFC.
Interfaces and Thin Films Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de
Sevilla- CSIC
C/ Americo Vespucio, nº 49
41092 Sevilla
Department of Aerospace TEP-103 Escuela Superior de Ingenieros Application of nanomaterials to fuel cells.
Engineering and Fluid Camino de los Descubrimientos, s/n
Mechanics 41092 Sevilla

University of Seville
Research Group on Structure TEP-106 Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Materials for SOFC
and Surface Reactivity Sevilla- CSIC
41092 Sevilla
Department of Robotics and TEP 116 Carlos Bordons Alba Modeling of PEM fuel cells. Control systems of fuel
Systems Engineering Escuela Superior de Ingenieros cell systems.
Camino de los Descubrimientos, s/n
41092 Sevilla
Department of Electronic TEP 126 Juan Manuel Carrasco Solis Power conversion and conditioning systems for fuel
Engineering Escuela Superior de Ingenieros cells.
Electronic Technology Group Camino de los Descubrimientos, s/n
41092 Sevilla
Department of Chemical and TEP-135 Pedro Ollero de Castro Gasification technology for hydrogen production.
Environmental Engineering Escuela Superior de Ingenieros
Camino de los Descubrimientos, s/n
41092 Sevilla
Department of Energy TEP 137 David Sanchez Martinez Modeling of SOFC installations. Integration of high
Engineering. Escuela Superior de Ingenieros temperature fuel cells and power systems.
Machines and Thermal Camino de los Descubrimientos, s/n
Engines Area 41092 Sevilla
Department of Energy TEP 143 Felipe Rosa Iglesias Modeling of PEM fuel cells, installations for hydro-
Engineering. Escuela Superior de Ingenieros gen production, storage and utilization in PEM fuel
Thermotechnics Area Camino de los Descubrimientos, s/n cells.
41092 Sevilla
Research Group: TEP 217 Asuncion Fernandez Camacho Development of nanostructured materials for hydro-
Nanostructured and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de gen storage.
Microstructured Materials Sevilla- CSIC
41092 Sevilla
Pablo de Olavide University
Department of Physical, FQM 205 M. Carmen Gordillo Bargueño Theoretical studies of hydrogen storage in nano-
Chemical and Natural Edificio 2, tubes.
Systems. Carretera de Utrera, km.1
Applied Physics Area 41013 Sevilla
Department of Economy, SEJ 332 Raul Brey Sanchez Economic analyses on use of hydrogen as fuel.
Quantitative Methods and Edificio Nº 3, Jose Moñino - 3ª planta
Economic History. Ctra. de Utrera, Km. 1
Quantitative Methods Area 41013 Sevilla
Annexes / 81
Public Research Bodies (OPI) /
OPI Group / Dept. Contact Observations
Almeria Solar Solar Concentration Eduardo Zarza Moya This installation is a fundamental instrument for the development of
Platform (PSA) Systems Unit. Solar Apdo. de Correos, 22 solar hydrogen production processes, specialized in solar concentra-
- CIEMAT Hydrogen and Industrial Carretera Senes s/n tion technologies applicable to reactors that operate at temperatures
Processes Area 04200 Tabernas (Almería) exceeding 1,000ºC.
National Laboratorio de Fernando Isorna LLerena It covers practically all the links in the chain: hydrogen production
Institute for Sistemas de Energía Ctra. S. Juan del Puerto- by reforming diesel, ethanol or with electrolyzers; characterization,
Aerospace Terrestre (LSET) Matalascañas, km.34 testing and integration of PEMFC in power systems and plants; stor-
Technology 21130 Mazagon (Huelva) age systems for hydrogen at high pressure or in metal hydrides; and
(INTA) development of regulations and standards for hydrogen technology
and its applications.
Companies with projects underway /

Company Contact Observations
GreenPower Technologies, Poligono PIBO Design, development and manufacturing of power conditioners for
S.L. Av. de Camas, 28. Parcela 100 fuel cells.
41110 Bollullos de la Mitacion (Seville)
www.greenpower.es
Hynergreen Technologies, Avda. de la Buhaira, 2 Organization and exploitation of activities related with electricity
S.A. [includes the previous 41018 Seville production using different fuel cell technologies, as well as the pro-
activities of Inabensa and www.hynergreen.com duction, storage and use of clean hydrogen, and its integration with
Greencell] renewable energies.
Inerco, S.A. Parque Tecnologico de la Cartuja Integral engineering services for design, project, construction and com-
C/ Tomas Alba Edison, 2. missioning of industrial installations and new industrial developments,
Edificio INERCO, 41092 Seville such as the new fuels production and storage innovation projects: hydro-
www.inerco.com gen, biofuels, etc.
Sistemas de Calor, S.L. Pol. Industrial La Algaida Installation company specialized in the execution of solar energy, wind
C/ Marmolistas 13 power and industrial heating projects. PEMFC residential applications.
04740 Roquetas de Mar (Almeria)
www.sistemasdecalor.com
Santana Motor Avenida Primero de Mayo Integration of PEM fuel cells in vehicles.
23700 Linares (Jaen)
Carburos Metálicos Carburos Metálicos Integration of hydrogen storage systems in vehicles and development
Poligono Industrial La Red S/N of hydrogen filling stations.
41500 Alcala de Guadaira (Seville)
Endesa Avenida de la Borbolla, 5 Integration of wind power and hydrogen production systems.
41004 Seville

Companies with short-term interest
in these technologies /
Almeria
EJIDOFIL SL Poligono Industrial La Redonda Treatment and manufacture of plastics. Possibility of use in compo-
C/ IV Parcela 102 nents for fuel cells.
04700 El Ejido (Almeria)
www.ejidofil.com
Cadiz
Easy Industrial Solutions Tecnoparque Bahia de Cadiz In-house technologies for developm ent of products with composite
C/ Ingenieria, 4 materials, especially carbon fiber. Possibility of applying these tech-
11500 El Puerto de Santa Maria (Cadiz) nologies in the development of compressed hydrogen storage tanks
www.easy-is.com types III and IV.
Utilbox S.L. Pol. Ind. Pelagatos, Molding of EPS (expanded polystyrene) for packages and construction
C/ de las Libertades, 28 material. Possibility of use in components for fuel cells and electrolyzers.
11130 Chiclana de la Frontera (Cadiz)
www.utilbox.es
SK10 Andalucía S.A. Parque Industrial Bahia de Cadiz Supplier of aeronautical structures in special alloys and composite
Avda. Parque Industrial 23-25 materials. Potential supplier of materials and components for hydro-
11500 Puerto de Santa Maria (Cadiz) gen production and storage systems, and fuel cells.
www.sk10andalucia.com
Mecanizaciones del Sur, S.A. Parque Ind. Bahia Sanlucar Manufacture and assembly of electronic and electric components
(MECASUR) Pol. Ind. Bahia for automobiles. Potential supplier of these components for fuel cell
11500 El Puerto de Santa Maria (Cadiz) vehicles.
Infasur Aeronáutica S.L. Pol. Ind. “El Trocadero” Design, manufacture, assembly of duty tools, machining of aeronauti-
C/ Francia s/n, Parc. C1 y C2 cal parts and assembly of sets. Possibility of manufacturing of electro-
11519 Puerto Real (Cadiz) lyzer and fuel cell components.
www.infasur.com
Annexes / 83
Companies with short-term interest in these technologies /
Cordoba
Proquisur S.L. Pol. Ind. La Salina, parc 26,27 Manufacture and distribution of chemical products for automotive sec-
14960 Rute (Cordoba) tor. Possible use in cooling circuits of fuel cells and electrolyzers.
www.proquisur.com
Quimies de Rute S.L. Blas Infante, s/n Manufacture and distribution of chemical products for automotive sec-
14960 Rute (Cordoba) tor. Possible use in cooling circuits of fuel cells and electrolyzers.
www.quimies.com
Veblinter Andalucía S.A. Pol. Las Quemadas Manufacture and adaptation of special vehicles. Fuel cell applications
C/Imprenta Alborada nº 225 for the propulsion of these vehicles.
14014 Cordoba
www.veblinter.es
Avia Composites S.L. Prolongacion Ingeniero Torres Manufacture of all kinds of parts in glass and carbon fiber, especially
Quevedo, Grupo Alarife, Nave 6 components for commercial aviation and sports sectors. Potential
14013 Cordoba supplier of materials and components for hydrogen production and
www.aviacomposite.com storage systems, and fuel cells.
Granada
Atarfil S.L. Ctra. Cordoba km 429 Development, manufacture and commercialization of thermoplastic
Complejo El Rey - 18230 Atarfe (Granada) membranes and supplementary products. Possibility of use in compo-
www.atarfil.com nents for fuel cells.
Transformados Plásticos Ctra. de Malaga. km. 446,2 Manufacture and transformation of plastic films. Possibility of use in
Europa S.A. 18320 Santa Fe (Granada) components for fuel cells.
www.plasticoseuropa.com
Mhurtam European Group Pol. Ind La Paz Manufacture of limited series automobiles. Fuel cell applications in
C/ Antonio Huertas Remigio these vehicles for propulsion.
18200 Maracena (Granada)
www.mhurtam.com
Nederlandse Radiateuren Apdo. correos nº 46 Manufacture of radiators and heaters for vehicles. Potential supplier of
Fabriek España S. A. (NRF 18210 Peligros (Granada) these components for fuel cell powered vehicles.
España S.A.) www.nrf.es
Huelva
Polisur 2000 S.A. Pol. Ind. El Chorrillo, Nave 45 Transformation of plastics into packages, consumable products and
21440 Lepe (Huelva) construction materials. Possibility of use in components for fuel cells
www.polisur.es and electrolyzers.
Astilleros de Huelva S.A. Glorieta Norte s/n Ship building. Fuel cell applications for propulsion and electricity
21001 Huelva generation.
www.astihuelva.es

Jaen
Procesos Industriales del Sur Pol. Ind. C/ Mancha Real s/n Design and manufacture of plastic parts and components for the
(PROINSUR) 23600 Martos (Jaen) transportation sector. Possibility of applying know-how to the manu-
www.proinsur.com facture of polymer components of electrolyzers and fuel cells.
Reciclados Tuccitanos, S.L. Pol. Ind. C/ Alcaudete, s/n Recycling of plastic materials. Possibility of applying know-how to the
23600 Martos (Jaen) manufacture of polymer components of electrolyzers and fuel cells.
www.retuc.com
Teknia Plasticos Martos S.A. C/ Bailen, 53 Injection of thermoplastics and components for automotive sector.
Pol. Ind. de Martos - 23600 Martos (Jaen) Potential supplier of components for fuel cell powered vehicles.
www.teknia.es
Termoplasticos Andaluces, S.L P.I. Cañada de la Fuente, s/n Injection of thermoplastics. Parts and pieces for automobiles, commu-
23600 Martos (Jaen) nications, appliances. Possibility of use in components for fuel cells.
Alucoat Conversion S.A. Camino de San Luis s/n Aluminum foil coatings, 20 to 200 microns, and products with layer
23700 Linares (Jaen) and/or bilayer coatings, counter casting with film and prints. Possible
www.alucoat-conversion.com use in components for fuel cells and electrolyzers.
Construcciones Industriales Camino de Ubeda, s/n Manufacturer of parts in series, specially for the automotive sector,
Andaluzas S.A. (CIANSA) Pol. Ind. Santa Rosa and of bodies for special vehicles. Potential supplier of components for
23700 Linares (Jaen) fuel cell powered vehicles.
Gestamp Linares S. A. Pol. Ind. Los Rubiales s/n. Production of components for automotive sector. Potential supplier of
23700 Linares (Jaén) components for fuel cell powered vehicles.
www.corporaciongestamp.com
Fabricados para la Parque de Proveedores de Santana Motor Manufacture parts, components and mechanical assemblies for the
Automoción del Sur S. A. Pol. Ind. Los Rubiales Parcelas 78-79 transportation sector. Potential supplier of components for fuel cell
(FASUR) 23700 Linares (Jaen) powered vehicles.
www.fasur.com
Malaga
Naga Technologies, S.L. Parque Tecnologico de Andalucia Design and development of great depth submarine robotics projects.
C/ Maria Curie 8, Edif. B Applications of fuel cells in these vehicles for propulsion and autono-
29590 Campanillas (Malaga) mous electricity generation.
www.nagatech.es
Isofotón Parque Tecnologico de Andalucia Manufacturer of photovoltaic modules. Use for hydrogen generation by
Severo Ochoa, 50 electrolysis.
29590 Campanillas (Malaga)
Predan, S.A Parque Tecnologico de Andalucia SMT Electromagnetic Components. Potential use of these components
Severo Ochoa, 37 in power conditioning and control of fuel cell systems.
www.predan.com
Annexes / 85
Malaga
Dogor Electronics, S.L. Parque Tecnologico de Andalucia Design and manufacture of electronic and electromechanical plates,
Avda. Juan Lopez Peñalver, 8 subsets and complete units. Potential use in power conditioning and
29590 Campanillas (Malaga) control of fuel cell systems.
www.dogor.com
Raytheon Microelectronics Parque Tecnologico de Andalucia Microelectronics. Potential use of these components in power condi-
España, S.A. Avda. Juan Lopez Peñalver, 12 tioning and control of fuel cell systems.
www.rme.es
Randal Systems Parque Tecnologico de Andalucia Development and implementation of systems for remote monitoring
Avda. Juan Lopez Peñalver, 17 and/or control of installations. Potential use of these systems in control
29590 Campanillas (Malaga) and monitoring of hydrogen production systems and use in fuel cells.
www.randalsystems.com
ION, S.A. Parque Empresarial Santa Barbara Manufacture of chemical products (degreasers, polishers, lubricants,
C/ Tucidides, 50. 29004 Malaga coating agents, water treatment, etc.). Possibility of development of
www.ionsa.com products for fuel cell systems.
Seville
HISPACOLD, S.A. Autovia Sevilla - Malaga, Km 1,8 Manufacture of compressors and ventilators for air-conditioning in
41016 Seville automotive sector. Possibility of development of hydrogen compres-
www.hispacold.es sors and recirculation pumps for BoP of fuel cell systems in automo-
tive sector.
Sociedad Andaluza de Ctra. Nacional IV, Km. 531 Carbon fiber structural components manufacturing technologies. Pos-
Componentes Especiales, 41080 Seville sibility of applying them in compressed hydrogen storage tanks.
S.A. - SACESA
Industria Siderometalurgica Polg. Ind Servialsa Dressing, drilling and milling of mechanized aeronautical parts and
Gienense , S.L.-SIMGI S.L. C/ C. Naves 6 y 14 a 22 manufacture of aeronautical pieces and duty tools. Possibility of apply-
41960 Gines (Seville) ing know-how for metallic components of electrolyzers and fuel cells.
www.simgisl.com
Galvatec, S.L. P.E. Aeronáutico, Autovia A-4 Km.528 Specialized in: non-destructive tests, application of Surface Treatments
C/ Juan Olivert, nº22 and equipping of aeronautical parts and sets. Possibility of applying to
41309 La Rinconada (Seville) coating of catalysts in electrodes for fuel cells and electrolyzers.
www.galvatec.es
Industria Especializada en P. E. Aeronáutico Aeropolis Design, manufacture, assembly of duty tools, aeronautical machining
Aeronáutica, S.A. (INESPASA) C/ Ingeniero Rafael Rubio Elosa nº 10, of parts, and assembly of sets, focused on the aerospace industry and
41300 Seville the transportation sector. Possibility of applying know-how to manu-
www.inespasa.com facture of metallic components of electrolyzers and fuel cells.

Empresas con interés a corto plazo en estas tecnologías /
MP Mecánica de Precisión, P. E. Aeronautico Aeropolis Development and execution of parts and components manufacturing
S.L. C/ Juan Olivert nº 32 processes, and design and manufacture of plate elements (cutting,
41309 La Rinconada (Seville) bending, stamping, punching, etc). Possibility of applying know-how to
www.mecapres.com manufacturing of metal components of electrolyzers and fuel cells.
Grupo Iturri Avda. de Roberto Osborne, 5 Among other fields, manufacture of special vehicles: fire-prevention,
41007 Seville ambulances, mobile hospitals, etc. Fuel cell applications in these
www.iturrionline.com vehicles for propulsion and autonomous electricity generation.
Técnicas Aeronáuticas, Pol. Industrial Carretera Amarilla Machining of parts and surface treatment processes for the aerospace
Defensa y Automoción, S.A Avda de la Prensa nº 8 industry. Possibility of applying know-how to manufacturing of poly-
(TADA) 41007 Seville mer components of electrolyzers and fuel cells.
www.tada.es
Mecatecnic Marques S.L. P. E. Aeronautico Aeropolis Machining, ultrasound inspection of composite materials, design and
C/ Juan Olivert, 34 manufacture of duty tools. Possibility of applying know-how to manu-
41309 La Rinconada (Seville) facturing of polymer components of electrolyzers and fuel cells.
www.mecatecnic.es
Ingeniatrics Tecnologías, S.L. Avd. Americo Vespucio 5-4, 1ª p. Development of new technologies related with the manipulation of
mod. 12. 41092 Seville fluids at micro and nano scale. Potential use of these techniques in
www.ingeniatrics.com design of bipolar plates and electrodes of fuel cells.
Cyclus ID Apartado 316 Purification of wastes. Possibility of using wastes for hydrogen
41530 Moron de la Frontera (Seville) production and electricity generation.
www.cyclusid.com
ELIMCO, S.A. P. E. Aeronáutico Aeropolis Microelectronics, advanced control and integration of systems. Appli-
C/ Hispano Aviación, Nº 7-9 cation to the control of hydrogen production and fuel cell systems.
41309 La Rinconada (Sevilla)
www.elimco.com
Plasgen Materias Plasticas Pol. Ind. El mirador, 11 Company dedicated to manufacture and transformation of plastic
S.L. Apartado correos 337 films. Possibility of use in components for fuel cells.
41400 Ecija (Seville)
www.plasgen.es
Talleres Bosado S.A. Pol. Ind. Store C/B, Parc. 12-3 Manufacture of flexible connections and pipes. Potential supplier for
41008 Seville hydrogen production and storage systems, and fuel cells.
www.bosado.com
Testing and Engineering of P. E. Aeronautico Aeropolis Metallic and composite materials, and structural elements, charac-
aeronautical materials anda Wilburg y Orville Wright Nº 1 terization tests. Possibility of applying its know-how in the charac-
atructures, S.L. (teams) 41309 La Rinconada (Seville) terization and control of composite materials in the field of alternative
www.teams.es energies and fuel cells.
Annexes / 87
CONTROL AND TECHNICAL COORDINATION:
Regional Ministry of Economy, Innovation and Science
COMPOSITION:
Andalusian Association for Research and Industrial Cooperation
DESIGN AND PRODUCTION:

Artefacto
PRINTERS:
Escandón Impresores
REGISTRATION NUMBER:
SE-3410-2010
DOCUMENTATION AVAILABLE ON THE INTERNET:

www.agenciaandaluzadelaenergia.es

C/Isaac Newton, nº6 - 41092 Isla de la Cartuja. Seville

Tel. 954 78 63 35 Fax: 954 78 63 50
C/Isaac Newton, nº6 - 41092 Isla de la Cartuja. Seville

Tel. 954 78 63 35 Fax: 954 78 63 50

All in One Standards Introduction

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

All in One Standards Introduction

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Status of

hydrogen and fuel

Andalusian Energy Agency

Andalusian Energy Agency

3 The current environment: Spain, Europe and the world / 19

4 Past and present of hydrogen in Andalusia / 31

5 Relevant players in Andalusia / 37

6 Emblematic projects in Andalusia / 45

6 / Andalusian Energy Agency

Its use is clean and safe.

The sustainability of the hydrogen

The hydrogen – fuel cell binomial can be

The utilization of hydrogen is not limited

10 / Andalusian Energy Agency

/ Hydrogen is a colorless and odorless

However, unlike other fuels that contain carbon in

Although hydrogen is an abundant chemical ele-

Additionally, the use of hydrogen as fuel and its pro-

On the other hand, the storage of energy in

In terms of environmental benefits, the combus-

12 / Andalusian Energy Agency

/ At present, there are technologies

H2O + energy > H2 + ½O2

Given that all hydrogen production processes re-

renewable energies fossil fuels

Photovoltaics Wind Hydroelectric Thermosolar Biomass Natural gas Oil

Transportation Portable Applic. Electricity generation

14 / Andalusian Energy Agency

/ There are several, commercially

Compressed hydrogen storage is a technology that

The use of liquid hydrogen is associated with its uti-

The use of systems based on metal hydrides is as-

Safety levels compatible with both industrial and

16 / Andalusian Energy Agency

electricity Hydrogen (H2)

On the other hand, as regards electricity produc-

Name Initials Applications

The current environment:

On the national scene, the following

20 / Andalusian Energy Agency

/ The existing energy scenario is

This situation has led to practically all international

The current environment / 21

The United States Fuel Cell Technologies Program,

22 / Andalusian Energy Agency

Japan’s trade strategy is based on a plan that inte-

The current environment / 23

On the national scene, different organizations are

/ Aragon, which has, since 2007, its own Master

/ Galicia, whose ENERXE Technology Platform

Moreover, the weight of the projects related to hydro-

The current environment / 25

Each of the IPHE partner countries (or groups of

The lines of research and development in hydro-

26 / Andalusian Energy Agency

> International Energy Agency

The current environment / 27

The members of the FCH JTI are: The European

28 / Andalusian Energy Agency

In this regard, the Platform is aware of the need

The current environment / 29

The Andalusian Sustainable Energy Plan

32 / Andalusian Energy Agency