201-Texto Del Artículo en El Formato Exigido-200-1-10-20170215

BIOTA COLOMBIANA
ISSN 0124-5376 Volumen 9 - Número 2, diciembre de 2008
Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia • Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) • Anfibios y rep
en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia • Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una nueva especie de Liotyphlops Peters,
(Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) del sur de la Amazonia Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia • Listad
especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) • Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia • Pece
Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una nueva especie de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) del sur de la Amaz
Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia • Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemonum, Solanacea
Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia • Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una nueva especie de Liotyph
Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) del sur de la Amazonia Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colomb
Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) • Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colom
• Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una nueva especie de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) de
de la Amazonia Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia • Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemon
Solanaceae) • Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia • Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una nueva esp
de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) del sur de la Amazonia Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshwater Fish
Colombia • Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) • Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Ca
Colombia • Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una nueva especie de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae
sur de la Amazonia Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia • Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemon
Solanaceae) • Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia • Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una n
especie de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) del sur de la Amazonia Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshw
Fishes of Colombia • Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) • Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento
Valle del Cauca, Colombia • Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una nueva especie de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecoph
Anomalepidae) del sur de la Amazonia Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia • Listado de especies espinosas de Sola
L. (Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) • Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia • Peces del Oriente de Antio
Colombia • Una nueva especie de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) del sur de la Amazonia Colombiana • Chec
of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia • Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) • Anfibios y reptiles
departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia • Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una nueva especie de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpe
Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) del sur de la Amazonia Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia • Listado de especies espin
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Biota Colombiana 9 (2) 143 - 237, 2008
Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia

Javier A. Maldonado-Ocampo1; Richard P. Vari2; José Saulo Usma3
1 Investigador Asociado, curador encargado colección de peces de agua dulce, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos
Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt. Claustro de San Agustín, Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia. Dirección actual:
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Vertebrados, Quinta da Boa Vista, 20940-
040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. gymnopez@mac.com
2 Division of Fishes, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC--159, National Museum of Natural History, PO Box
37012, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013—7012. varir@si.edu
3 Coordinador Programa Ecosistemas de Agua Dulce WWF Colombia. Calle 61 No 3 A 26, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
jsusma@wwf.org.co
Abstract
Data derived from the literature supplemented by examination of specimens in collections show that 1435 species of native fishes live
in the freshwaters of Colombia. These species represent 14 orders and 47 families. Orders with the largest numbers of species in the
Colombian continental ichthyofauna are the Characiformes (637 species), Siluriformes (524 species), Perciformes (124 species), and
Gymnotiformes (74 species), with the remaining 10 orders having from 1 to 35 species. At the family level, the Characidae has the
greatest number of species (399 species), with this followed by the Loricariidae (166 species), Cichlidae (114 species), Pimelodidae
(54 species), and Trichomycteridae (54 species); the remaining 42 families having 1 to 52 species. Present data indicate that 311 of
the species occur solely at locations within Colombia. Continued descriptions of new species from the continental waters of Colombia
demonstrate that the present total underestimates the species-level diversity of the ichthyofauna. The 1435 species living in Colombian
freshwaters represent approximately 5% of all freshwater and marine fish species now recognized worldwide and approximately 29% of
the freshwater fish species known to inhabit the drainages across the expanse from the southern border of Mexico through to Chile and
Argentina. Various historical and ecological factors potentially contributing to the species-level richness of the Colombian freshwater
fish fauna are discussed (e.g. geology, climate, physiography, water chemistry).
Key words: Diversity, distribution, NW South America, ichthyofauna, Colombia
Resumen
Datos provenientes de literatura, complementados por la revisión de especímenes en colecciones muestran que 1435 especies nativas
de peces viven en las aguas dulces de Colombia. Estas especies representan 14 órdenes y 47 familias. Los órdenes con el mayor número
de especies son Characiformes (637 species), Siluriformes (524 species), Perciformes (124 species) y Gymnotiformes (74 species);
los restantes órdenes tiene de 1 a 35 especies. Al nivel de familia, Characidae posee el mayor número de especies (399 especies),
seguida de Loricariidae (166 especies), Cichlidae (114 especies), Pimelodidae (54 especies) y Trichomycteridae (54 especies); las
restantes 42 familias tienen de 1 a 52 especies. Los datos presentados indican que 311 especies se encuentran distribuídas solamente
en Colombia. La descripción continua de nuevas especies provenientes de las aguas continentales de Colombia, demuestra que el
número total de especies registrado subestima la diversidad específica de su ictiofauna. Las 1435 especies que viven en las aguas
dulces colombianas representan aproximadamente 5% de todas las especies marinas y dulceacuícolas hoy en día reconocidas a nivel
global y aproximadamente el 29% de los peces de agua dulce que habitan las aguas continentales desde el límite sur de México hasta
Chile y Argentina. Varios factores históricos y ecológicos que potencialmente contribuyen a ésta gran riqueza de peces de agua dulce
en Colombia son discutidos (p.ej. geología, clima, fisiografía, química de las aguas).
Palabras clave: Diversidad, distribución, Sur America noroccidental, ichthyofauna, Colombia
Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008

144- Freshwater Fishes of Colombia Maldonado-Ocampo et al.
Introduction The major upsurge in publications focused on Colombian
T he remarkable Colombian biota has long

interested naturalists and scientists, with the first
freshwater fishes began in the latter part of the nineteenth
century. These papers were primarily by researchers who
studied specimens from Colombian freshwaters sent to
discussion of Colombian freshwater fishes dating European collections, most notably the museums in Vienna
back two and one-half centuries to de la Rosa (1756). and London. Outstanding in this respect were the detailed
Studies, both formal and informal, during the following and superbly illustrated publications on fishes from the Río
decades yielded dramatic increases in our knowledge Magdalena basin published by Franz Steindachner (1878,
of the diversity of Colombian freshwater fishes. Formal 1880). The early part of the twentieth century witnessed
scientific studies of the ichthyofauna commenced with a flourishing of research on Colombian freshwater fishes.
Alexander von Humboldt who together with Aimée These endeavors involved both Colombian scientists
Bopland collected in various regions in northwestern (e.g., Posada 1909) and European and North American
and western Colombia during 1800 and 1801 (Papavero ichthyologists. Most of these non-Colombian scientists
1971: map 2). Specimens from their expeditions were the studied material sent to them from collectors in Colombia
basis for the earliest scientific publications focused on (e.g., Regan 1913, 1914); however, a subset of these
Colombian freshwater fishes (Humboldt 1805a, 1805b; researchers both collected in the country and reported on
Humboldt & Valenciennes 1821). Alfred Russel Wallace its fish fauna.
(of Natural Selection fame) collected fishes throughout
the Rio Negro basin including the Río Vaupes system Most prominent among these foreign ichthyologists was
within Colombia between 1850 and 1852. Unfortunately, Carl Eigenmann who together with his collaborators
those specimens were lost with the sinking of the ship made extensive collections throughout major portions
returning Wallace and his collections to England. of Colombia between January and April of 1912. The
Wallace was, however, able to save his extensive series following year two of his students, Arthur Henn and
of sketches of many species. Until recently, the only Charles Wilson, carried out additional collecting trips to
discussion of the fishes illustrated in Wallace’s sketches other regions of Colombia. Eigenmann reported on the
was that of Regan (1905), which treated the species results of all of these expeditions and other collections
briefly and specifically deferred from discussing new of northwestern South American fishes in a stream of
species depicted in the drawings. A recent annotated publications that continued for nearly a decade. In a
publication of the illustrations and history of Wallace’s series of smaller papers, Eigenmann focused on the
collecting trips (Wallace 2002) made it clear that the description of new species and patterns of fish distribution
collection included a number of species living in the across northwestern South America (1912, 1913, 1914a,
river systems of eastern Colombia and which were new 1914b, 1914c, 1916, 1917a, 1917b, 1920a, 1920b; 1921;
to science at the time of Wallace’s expedition (Toledo- 1924; Eigenmann & Fisher 1914; Eigenmann & Henn
Piza et al. 1999; Wallace 2002; Vari & Ferraris 2006). 1914). Supplementing these papers was Eigenmann’s
monographic study of the fresh water fishes of Colombia
Subsequent decades saw the publication of hundreds of and adjoining regions (1922). In addition to the description
papers expanding our knowledge of the diversity of this of new species and genera, this massive publication
fish fauna. Whereas many of these papers involved only provided the first summary of the fishes of northwestern
the description of a single new species, others incorporated South America with the species accounts complemented
descriptions and redescriptions of multiple species and/ by an extensive series of illustrations. That information
or range extensions. Alternatively, many publications and the supplemental annotated bibliography of papers
focused on, or to some degree included information on, dealing with freshwater fishes in northwestern South
the life history, distribution, and economic importance America, made this monograph the classic that underpins
of diverse fish species from the drainages of Colombia. all subsequent research on that fauna.
Information from those papers complemented by extensive
fieldwork provided the foundation for a series of major A second North American noteworthy for his publications
overviews of the ichthyofaunas of entire drainage basins on Colombian freshwater fishes was Henry Fowler.
within Colombia or of broad regions within that country. Although Fowler made some collections in Colombia
A compendium of that extensive literature lies beyond the (Fowler 1950), these efforts were much less ambitious
scope and purpose of this publication, but the reader can than those undertaken by Eigenmann and his collaborators.
refer to Maldonado-Ocampo & Usma (2006) for a listing Fowler rather actively reported on samples of Colombian
of many of the papers dealing with Colombian freshwater fishes sent to him by various collectors within the country.
fishes; that summary notwithstanding, the contributions Of particular note in this regard were the series of
of certain researchers deserve specific comment. collections of freshwater fishes made by Brother Nicéforo

Maldonado-Ocampo et al. Freshwater Fishes of Colombia -145
María in the Magdalena, Orinoco, and Amazon basins. described from locations outside of Colombia are included
Fowler reported on Colombian fishes in a series of papers in the checklist if their occurrence within the country can
(1941, 1943, 1944, 1945a, 1945b, 1950) and his 1942 be documented in one of three ways:
publication summarized the species of fishes then known 1) Citation of a species for the Colombian fish fauna
to live in the waters of Colombia. in species descriptions and/or revisions of genera or
families in the recent taxonomic literature. Data of this
Subsequent decades brought a dramatic increase in sort served as the single largest source for the inclusion
publications focused on the taxonomy and distribution of of species in the listing and the authors of revisionary
Colombian freshwater fishes. Particularly noteworthy were publications citing a species from Colombia are noted
the very important summaries of the fishes of the Río Cauca in the Checklist.
and Río Magdalena systems by Cecil Miles (1943, 1947, 2) Information from specialist identified voucher
respectively). Nearly a quarter of a century latter, George specimens that originated at localities in Colombia.
Dahl (1971) produced a groundbreaking publication on the Vouchers are deposited in various fish collections, most
fishes of northern Colombia that incorporated information notably IAvH-P, ICNMHN, and IMCN in Colombia.
on both marine and freshwater fishes from that region of 3) Records based on identifications of specimens deposited
the country. The decades since Dahl’s monograph brought in various Colombian collections, but not identified by
intensive collecting efforts throughout the country by experts on those taxa. Critical reexamination of such
Colombian and foreign ichthyologists along with the lots in the course of regional Colombian ichthyofaunal
publication of numerous papers (see Maldonado-Ocampo studies underlies the inclusion of the species in the
& Usma 2006). The synergy of these efforts dramatically checklist. A caveat is that such reports may prove in
expanded our knowledge of this ichthyofauna as some instances to be problematic given the major
documented in Mojica’s (1999) preliminary list of the uncertainties with species-level questions in many
freshwater fish species of Colombia; a trend that continues genera and families.
to the present. Amply demonstrating these advances are
the series of recent summaries of the ichthyofaunas of Initial information for this effort was taken from
the major drainage systems in Colombia (Figure 1; Río CLOFFSCA (Reis et al. 2003) supplemented by recently
Amazonas in Colombia, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá- published regional Colombian Checklists [Lasso et al.
Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo, 2006a, Galvis et al. (2004a), Maldonado-Ocampo (2004), Mojica et al. (2004,
2006, Galvis et al. 2007b; Río Putumayo, Ortega et al. 2005), Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo (2006a),
2006; Río Atrato, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a; Río Galvis et al. (2006), Maldonado-Ocampo et al. (2006a,b),
Cauca, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006a; middle Río Magdalena, Mojica et al. (2006a,b), Ortega et al. (2006), Ortega-
Mojica et al. 2006b; upper Río Magdalena, Villa-Navarro Lara et al. (2006a,b), Villa-Navarro et al. (2006), Acero
et al. 2006; Río Orinoco basin, Lasso et al. 2004a, Galvis & Polanco (2007), Galvis et al. (2007a,b), and Mejía-
et al. 2007a; Río Tomo, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b; Falla et al. (2007)]. This information was instrumental in
Río Patía, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006b; Río Rancheria, Mojica many instances for the development of the preliminary list
et al. 2006a). presented by Maldonado-Ocampo & Usma (2006). Where
appropriate, these publications are cited in the Checklist.
In this paper, we present a checklist of the freshwater Data was cross checked and supplemented by information
fishes of Colombia based on different kinds of data and in recent publications dealing with species present in
emphasize the remarkable diversity of this ichthyofauna inland Colombian waters and/or describing new species of
at multiple levels. Nonetheless, the continuing description fishes from those drainage systems [Ferraris & Vari (1999,
of new species of Colombian freshwater fishes (see www. 2000), Toledo-Piza (2000), Albert & Crampton (2003),
humboldt.org.co/ictiologia) makes it clear that the present Armbruster (2003), López-Fernández & Winemiller
checklist underestimates, perhaps to a significant degree, (2003), Lucena (2003), Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert
the actual richness of that ichthyofauna. (2003), Reis et al. (2003), Armbruster (2004), Castro &
Vari (2004), Malabarba (2004), Zanata & Toledo-Piza
Material and methods (2004), Armbruster (2005), Bockmann & Ferraris (2005),
Crampton et al. (2005), Ferraris et al. (2005), Hrbek et
The inclusion of species in the following list derived from al. (2005), Lundberg & Akama (2005), Reis et al. (2005),
three different sources of information. The first and least Sabaj (2005), Vari et al. (2005), Acero & Betancur (2006),
problematic of these were those species now recognized Bührnheim & Malabarba (2006), Kullander & Ferreira
as valid that have type localities in the inland waters of (2006), Mautari & Menezes (2006), Menezes (2006),
Colombia. Catalog numbers of the type series of those Vari & Ferraris (2006), Buitrago-Suárez & Burr (2007),
species are reported in the Checklist. Species originally Ferraris, (2007), Sidlauskas et al. (2007), Ardila Rodríguez

Figure 1. Map of Colombia and adjoining regions showing the hydrographic zones, river systems and species richness by HZ discussed in the Checklist.

(2008a,b,c), Armbruster (2008), Castellanos-Morales however, we defer from applying it until we can confidently
(2008), Friel (2008), García-Alzate & Román-Valencia delimit the distribution of most species in the Colombian
(2008), García-Alzate et al. (2008), Lundberg & Dahdul freshwater fish fauna. Whenever possible, we base the
(2008), Román-Valencia et al. (2008), Sabaj-Pérez & citation of the occurrence of species in various hydrographic
Birindelli (2008), Schindler & Staeck (2008), and Lujan zones on publications by specialists. Supplementing those
et al. (2009)]. These papers are cited where pertinent. records were critically evaluated voucher specimens and
literature records. Citations of Colombian species as
In the Checklist, we include only those groups of fishes endangered or extinct follow Mojica et al. (2002), Acero
who spent their entire life cycles within freshwater & Betancur (2006), and Prada-Pedreros et al. (2006).
systems. Consequently, we exclude the various species
of marine fishes that seasonally migrate into the lower Results
reaches of rivers during periods of decreased river flow
with consequent increased levels of estuarine salinity. The Checklist cites 1435 species of fishes as inhabiting
Also excluded from the listing are exotic species, whether freshwater systems in Colombia, with these species
introduced purposely or accidentally into Colombia. distributed across 14 orders and 47 families. Dominant
Alvarado-Forero & Gutiérrez-Bonilla (2002) provide in the overall fish fauna is the superorder Ostariophysi
summaries of those species. with 1235 species or 86% of the total fauna, including the
two most speciose orders in the continental Colombian
The checklist follows the taxonomic classification ichthyofauna; these are the Characiformes with 637 species
used by Reis et al. (2003), with families arranged in (44% of total) and Siluriformes with 524 species (37% of
systematic order, and genera and species of each family total). Other orders with noteworthy numbers of species
and subfamily listed alphabetically. The use of the genus are the Perciformes (124 species) and Gymnotiformes
Petulanos follows Sidlauskas & Vari (2008), and the use (74 species), with the 10 remaining orders having 1 to
of Osteoglossidae follows Nelson (2006). Abbreviations 35 species in Colombian freshwaters (Table 1). Families
for fish collections in museums, universities, and research with the most species are the Characidae (399 species;
institutions follow Leviton et al. (1985) and Eschmeyer & 27.5% of the total species), Loricariidae (166 species),
Fricke (2008). Cichlidae (114 species), Pimelodidae (54 species), and
Trichomycteridae (54 species). The remaining 42 families
The distribution of each species in the checklist is reported are represented in Colombia by 1 to 52 species (Table
within the context of the main Colombian hydrographic 2). We identify 311 species in the Checklist as presently
zones (HZ), delimited by IDEAM (2004). These are the known only from freshwater habitats in Colombia, with
Amazonas basin (Amz), the Río Orinoco basin (Ori), the these therefore identified as endemics for the country.
Río Magdalena-Río Cauca basin (Mag-Cau), the streams
and rivers of the Pacific versant of Colombia (Pac), and In the Checklist, we cite 42 species of threatened and
the drainages of the Caribbean slope of Colombia (Car) extinct fresh water fishes; this number of species differs
(Figure 1). The reader will note that the rivers draining into from the total in Mojica et al. (2002) due to changes in
the Caribbean Sea include on the one hand the large Río the taxonomic status of some nominal species in recent
Magdalena-Río Cauca system (Mag-Cau) and on the other systematic studies. Brachyplatystoma flavicans Castelnau,
all the remaining rivers of that versant (Car). The drainage 1855 and Paulicea luetkeni Steindachner, 1877 that were
systems in the latter unit range from the moderate scaled both in the Red List are now synonyms of Zungaro
Río Atrato to the series of streams and smaller rivers of zungaro Humboldt, 1821. Similarly, Ageneiosus caucanus
that slope emptying into the Caribbean Sea east and west Steindachner, 1880 and A. freiei Schultz, 1944 are now in
of the mouth of the Río Magdalena. This division of the the synonymy of A. pardalis Lütken, 1874 with Saccodon
Caribbean Sea drainage systems into two hydrographic caucae Schultz & Miles, 1943 a synonym of S. dariensis
zones (Mag-Cau and Car) recognizes the pronounced Meek & Hildebrand, 1913. In each instance, the synonymy
species richness and high degree of endemicity of the of perceived threatened nominal forms (Ageneiosus
ichthyofauna of the combined Río Magdalena-Río Cauca caucanus, A. freiei, Brachyplatystoma flavicans, Paulicea
system. luetkeni, Saccodon caucae) into species not considered
endangered (Ageneiosus pardalis, Saccodon dariensis,
In some instances, the hydrographic zones utilized in this Zungaro zungaro) necessitated the removal of the cited
paper subsume two or more of the freshwater ecoregions nominal species from endangered status. Alternatively,
recently proposed by Abell et al. (2008). The more fine- some newly described species previously thought to be
scaled resolution of the latter system is potentially more part of a broadly distributed form (e.g., Pseudoplatystoma
informative in terms of areas of regional endemism; magdaleniatum and P. metaense Buitrago-Suárez &

Table 1. Number of families and species in each order of fishes present in the freshwaters of Colombia.
Orders # Species % # Families %
Characiformes 637 44,4 14 29,8
Siluriformes 524 36,5 12 25,5
Perciformes 124 8,6 4 8,2
Gymnotiformes 74 5,2 5 10,2
Cyprinodontiformes 35 2,4 2 4,1
Clupeiformes 11 0,8 2 4,1
Myliobatiformes 9 0,6 1 2,0
Pleuronectiformes 7 0,5 1 2,0
Beloniformes 5 0,3 1 2,0
Batrachoidiformes 3 0,2 1 2,0
Osteoglossiformes 3 0,2 1 4,1
Lepidosireniformes 1 0,1 1 2,0
Synbranchiformes 1 0,1 1 2,0
Tetraodontiformes 1 0,1 1 2,0
Total 1435 100 47 100
Burr, 2007, respectively, from the Río Magdalena basin the Colombian Amazon (36 species), the region of the
and Río Meta systems) apparently are endangered (see country that has been least explored ichthyologically.
Arce Hernández (2008) concerning former species). Six recognized species have indefinite type localities of
The consequences of these nomenclatural changes “Colombia”.
for management and conservation issues exemplify
the importance of thorough revisionary analysis of As reported previously by Maldonado-Ocampo & Usma
all components of the fish fauna. Recently published (2006), the Amazon and Orinoco hydrographic zones
information on the ecology and distribution of various are the richest in terms of total numbers of species.
nominal species similarly resulted in changes in the status Following these zones in order of decreasing richness
of some species included in Mojica et al. (2002). are the Magdalena-Cauca, Caribbean slope drainages,
and Pacific versant rivers (Figure 1). There is a striking
Of the total number of species, 387 or 27% were based lack of correlation between the hydrographic zones
on type series that originated within Colombia (see with the richest fish faunas within Colombia (Amazon
Checklist). Interestingly, the type localities of 65% of and Orinoco) and the hydrographic zones that were the
the species with type localities within Colombia (252 of point of origin for the majority of type-series of fishes
387 species) originated in trans-Andean locations. The that originated in Colombian inland waters (Magdalena-
Río Magdalena-Cauca was the source of over half of the Cauca, Caribbean, and Pacific versants). The discussion
trans-Andean species total (138 species), with the Pacific details how the historical focus on collecting fishes in
versant (78 species) and Caribbean slope drainages (36 trans-Andean drainages resulted in a disproportionate
species) accounting for the remainder. The 33% of the number of taxonomic studies of those regional components
species whose type-series originated at cis-Andean sites of the Colombian continental fish fauna. This historical
within Colombia were primarily from the Río Orinoco collecting and the resultant research bias undoubtedly
basin (90 species) and with relatively few originating in underlies these contrasting patterns.

Table 2. Number of species for each family of fishes present in the freshwaters of Colombia.
Family # Species % Family # Species %
Characidae 399 27,7 Pseudopimelodidae 11 0,8
Loricariidae 166 11,5 Prochilodontidae 10 0,7
Cichlidae 114 7,9 Acestrorhynchidae 9 0,6
Pimelodidae 54 3,8 Potamotrygonidae 9 0,6
Trichomycteridae 54 3,8 Gasteropelecidae 8 0,6
Doradidae 52 3,6 Achiridae 7 0,5
Anostomidae 51 3,5 Ctenoluciidae 7 0,5
Curimatidae 47 3,3 Engraulididae 7 0,5
Heptapteridae 44 3,1 Sciaenidae 7 0,5
Callichthyidae 42 2,9 Parodontidae 6 0,4
Auchenipteridae 41 2,9 Belonidae 5 0,3
Lebiasinidae 36 2,5 Chilodontidae 5 0,3
Apteronotidae 30 2,1 Rhamphichthyidae 5 0,3
Crenuchidae 30 2,1 Erythrinidae 4 0,3
Astroblepidae 24 1,7 Pristigasteridae 4 0,3
Rivulidae 21 1,5 Batrachoididae 3 0,2
Cetopsidae 18 1,3 Osteoglossidae 3 0,2
Aspredinidae 17 1,2 Eleotridae 2 0,1
Poeciliidae 14 1,0 Tetraodontidae 1 0,1
Gymnotidae 14 1,0 Ariidae 1 0,1
Hemiodontidae 14 1,0 Lepidosirenidae 1 0,1
Sternopygidae 14 1,0 Polycentridae 1 0,1
Cynodontidae 11 0,8 Synbranchidae 1 0,1
Hypopomidae 11 0,8 Total = 1435 100

Checklist of the native freshwater fishes of Colombia. Listing does not include introduced species, nor does it include marine forms that only
seasonally penetrate into the lower portions of rivers and streams. Figure 1 show the hydrographic zones and major river systems discussed in the
text. Abbreviations: DC – species with their type locality in Colombia. EN – species now only known from Colombian freshwaters (endemics). CT –
Endangered and threatened species (from Mojica et al. (2002) with listing modified as discussed in text). Amz – Amazon basin. Ori – Orinoco basin.
Mag-Cauca – Río Magdalena-Río Cauca basin. Pac – Pacific slope rivers. Car – Caribbean slope rivers. Collections/references – catalog numbers are
type series of species described from locations in Colombia; references either a) cite revisions and descriptions that document the presence of a species
with a type-locality outside of Colombia in that country, or 2) cite publications that report a species as present in particular drainage basins within
Colombia (see text). Non-type voucher IAvH-P lots that were the basis for the inclusion of a species in the checklist are indicated by an asterisk (*).
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Myliobatiformes
Potamotrygonidae
Paratrygon aiereba (Müller & Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega

X X
Henle, 1841) et al. 2006, Mejía-Falla et al. 2007
Potamotrygon castexi Castello

X Ortega et al. 2006, Mejía-Falla et al. 2007
& Yagolkowski, 1969
Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

Potamotrygon constellata
X 2006, Galvis et al. 2007b, Mejía-Falla et
(Vaillant, 1880)
al. 2007

Potamotrygon histrix (Müller &
X 2006, Ortega et al. 2006, Mejía-Falla et
Henle, 1834)
al. 2007
Potamotrygon magdalenae
X X X X MNHN A-2368; Mejía-Falla et al. 2007
(Duméril, 1865)
Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

2004, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-
Potamotrygon motoro (Müller Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al.
X X
& Henle, 1841) 2006b, Mojica et al. 2005, Ortega et al.
2006, Galvis et al. 2007a,b, Mejía-Falla
et al. 2007
Potamotrygon orbignyi Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et

X
(Castelnau, 1855) al. 2006b, Galvis et al. 2007a
Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

Potamotrygon schroederi
X X Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Mejía-Falla
Fernández-Yépez, 1958
et al. 2007
Potamotrygon yepezi Castex & Galvis et al. 1997, Mojica et al. 2002,
B2c X
Castello, 1970 Mejía-Falla et al. 2007
Lepidosireniformes
Lepidosirenidae
Lepidosiren paradoxa Fitzinger, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
1837 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006ab
Osteoglossiformes
Osteoglossidae
Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

A1d,
Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) x Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al.
A2d
2006
Lasso et al. 2004, Mojica et al. 2005,

Osteoglossum bicirrhosum Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo
A2d X X
(Cuvier, 1829) 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b,
Ortega et al. 2006, Galvis et al. 2007b

Mag-
Cauc
Osteoglossum ferreirai A1d, Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Kanazawa, 1966 A2d 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
Clupeiformes
Engraulidae
Amazonsprattus scintilla Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Roberts, 1984 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
Anchoviella guianensis Lasso et al. 2004, Ortega et al. 2006,

X X
(Eigenmann, 1912) Galvis et al. 2007a
Anchoviella jamesi (Jordan &

X X Lasso et al. 2004
Seale, 1926)

Jurengraulis juruensis
X Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al.
(Boulenger, 1898)
2006

Lycengraulis batesii (Günther,
X X Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo
1868)
2006
Lycengraulis grossidens Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Agassiz, 1829) 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
Pterengraulis atherinoides
X Lasso et al. 2004, Galvis et al. 2007a
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Pristigasteridae
Ilisha amazonica (Miranda Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Ribeiro, 1920) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006

Pellona castelnaeana 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Valenciennes, 1847 & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-
Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega et al. 2006

Pellona flavipinnis 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
(Valenciennes, 1837) & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-

Pristigaster cayana Cuvier,
1829
2006
Characiformes
Parodontidae
Parodon apolinari Myers, 1930 X X SU 23725
Parodon buckleyi Boulenger, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1887 2006
Parodon caliensis Boulenger,

X X NT X BMNH 1895.11.16.83-87
1895
Parodon pongoensis (Allen, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1942) 2006, Galvis et al. 2007b
Parodon suborbitalis
X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005
Valenciennes, 1850

Mag-
Cauc
Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, 2006a,

Saccodon dariensis (Meek &
NT X X Mojica et al. 2006b, Ortega-Lara et al.
Hildebrand, 1913)
2006a, Villa-Navarro et al. 2006
Curimatidae

Curimata aspera (Günther,
1868)
2006

Curimata cerasina Vari, 1984 X
2006
Curimata cisandina (Allen, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
1942) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Curimata cyprinoides Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Linnaeus, 1766) 2006

Curimata incompta Vari, 1984 X X Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo
2006
Curimata mivartii NMW 68759.1., 68757-58, 68759.2,

X X A2d X
(Steindachner, 1878) 68760-61; ZMUC 88
Curimata ocellata (Eigenmman Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
& Eigenmman, 1889) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006

Curimata roseni Vari, 1989 X
2006, Galvis et al. 2007b

2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
Curimata vittata (Kner, 1858) X X
& Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et
al. 2006, Galvis et al. 2007a,b

Curimatella alburna (Müller &
Troschel, 1844)

Curimatella dorsalis
(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, X X
& Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Galvis et
1889)
al. 2007a,b

Curimatella immaculata 2004, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-
X X
(Fernández-Yépez, 1948) Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al.
2006b, Galvis et al. 2007a,b

Curimatella meyeri
(Steindachner, 1882)
Curimatopsis crypticus Vari, Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1982 2004
USNM 19864, 198638; Géry personal

Curimatopsis evelynae Géry,
X X collection 365 (now MNHG 2192.26);
1964
MNHN 1982-0764

Curimatopsis macrolepis
2006, Ortega et al. 2006

Mag-
Cauc
Cyphocharax abramoides
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Kner, 1858)

Cyphocharax festivus Vari, 1992 X X
Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Cyphocharax gillii (Eigenmann Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
& Kennedy, 1903) 2006
Cyphocharax leucostictus
(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, X Galvis et al. 2007b
1889)
Cyphocharax magdalenae
X X X X NMW 68873.1
Cyphocharax multilineatus
X X Galvis et al. 2007ab
(Myers, 1927)
Cyphocharax nigripinnis Vari, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1992 2006, Galvis et al. 2007b
Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Galvis

Cyphocharax oenas Vari, 1992 X
et al. 2007a
Cyphocharax pantostictos Vari Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
& Barriga S., 1990 2006, Ortega et al. 2006
Cyphocharax spiluropsis Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, X 2006, Ortega et al. 2006, Galvis et al.
1889) 2007b

Cyphocharax spilurus (Günther,
1864)
2006, Galvis et al. 2007a
Cyphocharax stilbolepis Vari, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1992 2006

Potamorhina altamazonica
(Cope, 1878)
Potamorhina laticeps
X Galvis et al. 1997
(Valenciennes, 1850)

Potamorhina latior (Spix &
Agassiz, 1829)
Potamorhina pristigaster Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Steindachner, 1876) 2006

Psectrogaster amazonica
Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889
Psectrogaster ciliata (Müller &

X Lasso et al. 2004
Troschel, 1844)
Psectrogaster essequibensis Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
(Günther, 1864) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Psectrogaster rhomboides Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 2006

Mag-
Cauc

Psectrogaster rutiloides (Kner,
1858)
2006
Pseudocurimata lineopunctata BMNH 1910.7.11.159, 1910.7.11.160-

X X X
(Boulenger, 1911) 162
Pseudocurimata patiae FMNH 56554, 56555; CAS 60622 [ex

X X X
(Eigenmann, 1914) IU 13055]
Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et

Steindachnerina argentea (Gill,
X X al. 2006b, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-
1858)
Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
FMNH 56024 [ex CM 4814a], 56043,

Steindachnerina atratoensis
X X X 71308; CAS 44218 [ex IU 12676]; MCZ
(Eigenmann, 1912)
30933; USNM 79192
Steindachnerina bimaculata Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
(Steindachner, 1876) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006

Steindachnerina dobula
(Günther, 1868)

Steindachnerina guentheri
2006, Ortega et al. 2006, Galvis et al.
1889)
2007a

Steindachnerina hypostoma
(Boulenger, 1887)
2006
Steindachnerina cf. planiventris

X Ortega et al. 2006
Vari & Vari, 1989
Steindachnerina pupula Vari,

1991
Prochilodontidae
A1d,
Ichthyoelephas longirostris
X X A2d, X NMW 56680, 56681-82
B2c
Prochilodus magdalenae
X X A1d X X NMW 56627, 56624, 56625, 56628.
Steindachner, 1879
Prochilodus mariae Eigenmann, CAS 15150 [ex IU 15150], 23942 [ex IU

X X
1922 15150]

Prochilodus nigricans Spix &
Agassiz, 1829
Prochilodus reticulatus A2d,

Valenciennes, 1850 B2c
Prochilodus rubrotaeniatus Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Jardine & Schomburgk, 1841 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006

Semaprochilodus insignis
(Jardine & Schomburgk, 1841)
2006

Mag-
Cauc

Semaprochilodus kneri
X X Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-
(Pellegrin, 1909)
Ocampo et al. 2006b
Semaprochilodus laticeps Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Steindachner, 1879) 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
Semaprochilodus taeniurus Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Valenciennes, 1821) 2006
Anostomidae
Abramites eques (Steindachner, NMW 69549, 69548, 69550; BMNH

X X Abc X
1878) 1895.5.17.155-156

Abramites hypselonotus
(Günther, 1868)

Anostomus anostomus
(Linnaeus, 1758)

Anostomus ternetzi Fernández-
Yépez, 1949
Ocampo et al. 2006b
Gnathodolus bidens Myers, Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et

X
1927 al. 2006b
Laemolyta fernandezi Myers,

X Galvis et al. 2007a
1950
Laemolyta garmani (Borodin, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X

Laemolyta proxima (Garman,
1890)
2006

Laemolyta taeniata (Kner, 1858) X X
2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b,
Ortega et al. 2006

Leporellus vitattus
X X al. 2005, Mojica et al. 2006b, Ortega-
Lara 2006a, Villa-Navarro et al. 2006

Leporinus affinis Günther, 1864 X
2006

Leporinus agassizi
Steindachner, 1876
2006
Leporinus arcus Eigenmann,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1912
Leporinus aripuanaensis
X Mojica et al. 2005, Galvis et al. 2007b
Garavello & Santos 1981
Leporinus bimaculatus Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Castelnau, 1855 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Leporinus boehlkei Garavello, ANSP 136487, 135432-33, 136489,

X X X
1988 138803, 140316; MZUSP 28061

Mag-
Cauc

Leporinus brunneus Myers,
1950
Ocampo et al. 2006b

Leporinus desmotes Fowler,
1914
Ocampo et al. 2006b

Leporinus fasciatus (Bloch, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
1794) & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-

Leporinus friderici (Bloch, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Leporinus cf. granti Eigenmann,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1912
Leporinus klausewitzi Géry, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
1960 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Leporinus latofasciatus
X Lasso et al. 2004
Steindachner, 1910
Leporinus leschenaulti Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X X
Valenciennes, 1850 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
Leporinus maculatus Müller & Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Troschel, 1844 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Leporinus melanopleura Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Günther, 1864 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
Leporinus melanostictus Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Norman, 1926 2006
Leporinus moralesi Fowler, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1942 2006, Ortega et al. 2006
Leporinus muyscorum Holotype: ZSM [old collection] destroyed

X X X X
Steindachner, 1900 in WWII

Leporinus nattereri 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Steindachner, 876 & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-
Leporinus niceforoi Fowler,

X X X ANSP 70491, 70492
1943
Leporinus octofasciatus Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Steindachner, 1915 2006
Leporinus ortomaculatus Britski

X Lasso et al. 2004
& Garavello, 1993

Leporinus piau Fowler, 1941 X
2006
Leporinus steyermarki Inger, Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X

Mag-
Cauc
Galvis et al. 1997, Lasso et al. 2004,

Mojica et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo
Leporinus striatus Kner, 1858 X X X X et al. 2005, 2006a, Mojica et al. 2006b,
Ortega-Lara 2006a, Villa-Navarro et al.
2006
Leporinus subniger Fowler,

X X ANSP 70493, 70494
1943

Leporinus trifasciatus
Steindachner, 1876
2006

Leporinus wolfei Fowler, 1940 X Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al.
2006
Leporinus y-ophorus
X X CAS 61680 [ex IU 15025]
Eigenmann, 1922

Pseudanos gracilis (Kner, 1858) X X
& Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-
Ocampo et al. 2006b
Pseudanos irinae Winterbottom,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1980

Pseudanos trimaculatus (Kner,
1858)
2006
Pseudanos winterbottomi Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Galvis

X
Sidlauskas & Santos, 2005 et al. 2007a

Petulanos spiloclistron
(Winterbottom, 1974)
2006

Rhytiodus argenteofuscus Kner,
1858
2006

Rhytiodus microlepis Kner,
1858
2006
Schizodon dissimilis (Garman, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1890) 2006

Schizodon fasciatus Spix &
Agassiz, 1829
2006
Schizodon scotorhabdotus
Sidlauskas, Garvello & Jellen, X Sidlauskas et al. 2007
2007
Synaptolaemus cingulatus
Myers & Fernández-Yépez, X
al. 2006b
1950
Chilodontidae

Caenotropus labyrinthicus
X X 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b,
(Kner, 1858)
Galvis et al. 2007a, 2007b

Mag-
Cauc
Caenotropus maculosus Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega

X X
(Eigenmann, 1912) et al. 2006
Caenotropus mestomorgmatos Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Vari, Castro & Raredon, 1995 2006
Chilodus gracilis Isbrücker & Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Nijssen, 1988 2006

Chilodus punctatus Müller &
Troschel, 1844
2006
Crenuchidae
Ammocryptocharax elegans
X X USNM 210692, 214364; FMNH 80401
Weitzman & Kanazawa, 1976
Ammocryptocharax minutus Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Buckup, 1993 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Characidium boavistae
X Villa-Navarro et al. 2006
Steindachner, 1915
FMNH 56057 [ex CM 4847], 56058-60,

Characidium caucanum
X X X 69546; CAS 41275-77 [ex IU 12701-03];
Eigenmann, 1912
USNM 79183
Characidium chupa Schultz,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1944

Characidium etheostoma Cope,
X Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Galvis et al.
1872
2007b
Galvis et al. 1997, Mojica et al. 2004,

Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005,
Characidium fasciatum
X X X X Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-
Reinhardt, 1867
Ocampo et al. 2006a, Ortega et al. 2006,
Ortega-Lara 2006a, Villa-Navarro et al.
2006
Characidium longum Taphorn,

X Lasso et al. 2008
Montaña & Buckup, 2006

Characidium pellucidum
Eigenmann, 1909
Ocampo et al. 2006b
Characidium phoxocephalum FMNH 56061 [ex CM 4851]; CAS 60254

X X X
Eigenmann, 1912 [ex IU 12704]
Characidium pteroides Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b; IAvH-P

X X
Eigenmann, 1909 2333*
Characidium aff. roesseli Géry, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Characidium sanctjohanni
X X X X Holotype: whereabouts unknown
Dahl, 1960

Characidium steindachneri
Cope, 1878
Ocampo et al. 2006b

Mag-
Cauc

Characidium zebra Eigenmman,
1909
Ocampo et al. 2006b

Crenuchus spilurus Günther,
1863
Elachocharax geryi Weitzman

X Lasso et al. 2004
& Kanazawa, 1978

Elacocharax pulcher Myers,
1927
2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b

Klausewitzia sp1. X
2006

Klausewitzia sp2. X
2006
Leptocharacidium omospilus
X Lasso et al. 2004
Buckup, 1993
Melanocharacidium depressum Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Buckup, 1993 2006

Melanocharacidium dispilomma
Buckup, 1993
Ocampo et al. 2006b
Melanocharacidium pectorale Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Buckup, 1993 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Microcharacidium eleotrioides
X IAvH-P 6169*
(Géry, 1960)
Microcharacidium gnomus
X Lasso et al. 2004
Buckup, 1993
Microcharacidium weitzmani
X Lasso et al. 2004
Buckup, 1993
Odontocharacidium aphanes Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
(Weitzman & Kanazawa, 1977) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006

Odontocharacidium sp. X
Poecilocharax weitzmani Géry, Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Hemiodontidae

Anodus elongatus Agassiz, 1829 X Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al.
2006
Anodus orinocensis
X Lasso et al. 2004

Argonectes longiceps (Kner, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X

Bivibranchia fowleri
Ocampo et al. 2006b

Mag-
Cauc
Hemiodus amazonum
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Humboldt, 1821)
Hemiodus argenteus Pellegrin, Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Hemiodus goeldii Steindachner, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X X
1908 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b

Hemiodus gracilis Günther,
1864
Ortega et al. 2006
Hemiodus immaculatus Kner, Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et

X X
1858 al. 2006b

Hemiodus microlepis Kner,
1858
Hemiodus semitaeniatus Kner, Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et

X X
1858 al. 2006b
Hemiodus thayeria Böhlke,

X X SU 48146
1955

Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch,
1794)
Ortega et al. 2006
Hemiodus vorderwinkleri (Géry, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1964) 2006
Gasteropelecidae

Carnegiella marthae Myers, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
1927 & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-
Carnegiella myersi Fernández- Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Yépez, 1950 2006, Ortega et al. 2006
Carnegiella schereri Fernández-

X Galvis et al. 2007b
Yépez, 1950

Carnegiella strigata (Günther, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Galvis et al. 1997, Maldonado-Ocampo

Gasteropelecus maculatus et al. 2005, 2006a, Mojica et al. 2006ab,
X X X
Steindachner, 1879 Villa-Navarro et al. 2006, Ortega-Lara et
al. 2006a

Gasteropelecus sternicla
(Linnaeus, 1758)
2006

Thoracocharax securis De
Filippi, 1853
2006

Thoracocharax stellatus (Kner,
1858)

Mag-
Cauc
Characidae
Aphyodite grammica Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Eigenmann, 1912 2006

Astyanax abramis (Jenyns,
1842)
Astyanax atratoensis USNM 1659 (missing), 306566 [ex

X X X
Eigenmann, 1907 USNM 1659]; CAS 38962 [ex IU 11488]

Mojica et al. 2004, Maldonado-
Ocampo et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &
Astyanax bimaculatus
X X X X X Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica et al.
2006ab, Ortega et al. 2006, Ortega-Lara
Astyanax caucanus NMW 57372-76; SMNS 2833; ZMUC

X X X
Astyanax cordovae (Günther, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1880) 2006
Astyanax daguae Eigenmann,

X X X X FMNH 56251 [ex CM 5052]
1913

Mojica et al. 2004, Maldonado-
Ocampo et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &
Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier,
X X X X X Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-
1819)
Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica et al.
Astyanax fasslii (Steindachner, NMW Holotype catalogue number

X X X
1915) unknown
Astyanax filiferus (Eigenmann,

X X X X CAS 62258 [ex IU 12847]
1913)
Astyanax gisleni Dahl, 1943 X X X ZMUL
Astyanax integer Myers, 1930 X X X X SU 23726
Astyanax magdalenae FMNH 57006 [ex CM 5822]; CAS 39223

X X X X
Eigenmman & Henn, 1916 [ex IU 13611]
Astyanax maximus FMNH 56640 [ex CM 5457], 56641;

X X X
(Steindachner, 1877) CAS 39229 [ex IU 13153]
Astyanax megaspilura Fowler,

X X X X ANSP 71418; IAvH-P 6494
1944
Astyanax metae Eigenmann, FMNH 56640 [ex CM 5457], 56641;

X X
1914 CAS 39229 [ex IU 13153]
FMNH 56209 [ex CM 5001], 56210-14,

Astyanax microlepis Eigenmann,
X X X X X X 69559-61, 71291, 95006; CAS 39341-45
1913
[ex IU 12769-73]; USNM 79167
Astyanax orthodus Eigenmann,

X X X X USNM 55655
1907

Mag-
Cauc
FMNH 56122 [ex CM 4912], 56123-25,

56292, 69557, 69562, 69745, 71292;
Astyanax ruberrimus CAS 61062-64 [ex IU 12751-53], 61065
X X X X
Eigenmann, 1913 [ex IU 12851]; IU 12751-53, 12851;
USNM 79168 [ex CM] , 76940 (24,
missing).
Astyanax schubarti Bristki, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1964 2006
Astyanax scintillans Myers,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1928
Astyanax siapae Garutti, 2003 X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
Astyanax stilbe (Cope, 1870) X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a
Astyanax superbus Myers, 1942 X Lasso et al. 2004
Astyanax validus Géry, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Planquette & Le Bail, 1991 2006
Astyanax venezuelae Schultz,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1944
Atopomesus pachyodus Myers,

X X CAS 41736 [ex IU 17673]
1927
USNM 207923, 207924; ANSP 112512,

Axelrodia riesei Géry, 1966 X X X 139715; MNHN 1982-0538; ZMA
113865

Axelrodia stigmatias (Fowler,
1913)
2006

Bario steindachneri
(Eigenmann, 1893)
2006
Brittanichthys sp. X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
Bryconamericus alpha FMNH 56646 [ex CM 5463], 56646-47;

X X
Eigenmann, 1914 CAS 18511 [ex IU 13157]
Bryconamericus andresoi IUQ 447, 448-449; CAS 70099-101;

X X X X
Román-Valencia, 2003 FMNH 56566-67
Bryconamericus arilepis
Román-Valencia, Vanegas-Ríos X X X IUQ 920, 1915, 1917, 1567
& Ruíz-C., 2008
Bryconamericus carlosi Román-

X Román-Valencia et al. 2008
Valencia, 2003
FMNH 56229 [ex CM 5031a], 56228,

Bryconamericus caucanus
X X X X 56230-34, 69792; CAS 39510-15 [ex IU
Eigenmann, 1913
12795-800]; UMMZ 63039
Bryconamericus cismontanus
X X FMNH 56642 [ex CM 5459]
Eigenmann, 1914
Bryconamericus cristiani
X X X ICNMNH 3445, 3446-49; IUQ 381-382
Román-Valencia, 1999
Bryconamericus dahli Román- ICNMNH 2722; IAvH-P 4734; IMCN

X X X
Valencia, 2000 1689, 3894, 3905, 3911, 3918, 4052

Mag-
Cauc
Bryconamericus
FMNH 56644 [ex CM 5461], 56645;
deuterodonoides Eigenmann, X X X
CAS 61221 [ex IU 13156]
1914
Galvis et al. 1997, Maldonado-Ocampo et

Bryconamericus emperador
X X X al. 2005, Mojica et al. 2004, Ortega-Lara
(Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907)
et al. 2006b
Bryconamericus galvisi Román-

X X X ICNMNH 2720, 2721; IUQ 221-223
Valencia, 2000
Bryconamericus guaytarae FMNH 56657 [ex CM 5474]; CAS 40844

X X X X
Eigenmann & Henn, 1914 [ex IU 13168]
Bryconamericus guizae Román-

X X X X IUQ 450, 451-452; STRI 1370
Valencia, 2003
Bryconamericus huilae Román- IUQ 422, 312-313, 423-424, 462-463,

X X X
Valencia, 2003 476-477); STRI 00574
Bryconamericus icelus Dahl,

X X X SMF 16284
1964
Bryconamericus ichoensis
X X X ICNMNH 2718, 2719
Bryconamericus loisae Géry, USNM 198645; ANSP 139713; MNHN

X X X
1964 1980-1426
Bryconamericus miraensis
X X X X ANSP 71686, 71687-92, 71693, 71694
Fowler, 1945
Bryconamericus multiradiatus
X X X ICNMHN 82, 58
Dahl, 1960
Bryconamericus pachacuti Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Bryconamericus peruanus Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica

X X
(Müller & Troschel, 1845) et al. 2004, Román-Valencia et al. 2008
Bryconamericus plutarcoi
X X X ICNMNH 4887; IUQ 308, 461, 472, 473
Bryconamericus scleroparius Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica

X X
(Regan, 1908) et al. 2004
Bryconella pallidifrons (Fowler, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1946) 2006, Ortega et al. 2006
Bryconops affinis (Günther, Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X

Bryconops alburnoides Kner,
1858
Ocampo et al. 2006b

Bryconops caudomaculatus
(Günther, 1864)
Ocampo et al. 2006b
Bryconops collettei Chernoff &

X IAvH-P 7658*
Machado-Allison, 2005
Bryconops giacopinni Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X X
(Fernández-Yépez, 1950) 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b

Mag-
Cauc
Bryconops humeralis Machado-

Allison, Chernoff & Buckup, X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
1996

Bryconops inpai Knöppel, Junk Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo
X X
& Géry, 1968 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b,
Ortega et al. 2006
Bryconops melanurus (Bloch, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Carlastyanax aurocaudatus FMNH 56882 [ex CM 5162], 56883;

X X NT X
(Eigenmann, 1913) CAS 68647 [ex IU 12911]
Ceratobranchia obtusirostris Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X

Chalceus epakros Zanata &
Toledo-Piza, 2004
Ocampo et al. 2006b

Chalceus erythrurus (Cope,
1870)
2006

Chalceus macrolepidotus 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Cuvier, 1816 & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-
Creagrutus affinis Steindachner,

X X X X NMW 67120.2-5
1880
Creagrutus amoenus Fowler,

X X ANSP 70499, 70500-02, 70503
1943
Creagrutus atratus Vari & ANSP 134080; NRM 16842-43; USNM

X X X X
Harold, 2001 353866-67
Creagrutus beni Eigenmann, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1911 2006
Creagrutus bolivari Schultz, Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et

X
1944 al. 2006b
FMNH 56095 [ex CM 4887a], 56096-98,

Creagrutus brevipinnis
X X X 75172; CAS 41341-42 [ex IU 12728-29],
Eigenmann, 1913
41375 [ex IU 12730]; USNM 79188
ANSP 130527, 139149, 177718; NRM

Creagrutus calai Vari & Harold,
X X X 16848-49, 43015-16; USNM 353304,
2001
353307, 353868
FMNH 56104 [ex CM 4895a], 56105-08;

Creagrutus caucanus,
X X X CAS 41373-74 [ex IU 12736-37], 69304
Eigenmann, 1913
[ex IU 12738]

Creagrutus cochui Géry, 1964 X
2006
Creagrutus flavescens Vari & Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Harold, 2001 2006
Creagrutus guanes Torres-Mejía ICNMHN 8520, 8521, 8522, 9893, 9894,

X X X
& Vari, 2005 9895, 9896, 9897, 9898

Mag-
Cauc
Creagrutus hildebrandi Schultz,

1944
Creagrutus machadoi Vari &

Harold, 2001
FMNH 56088 [ex CM 4880], 56089,

Creagrutus magdalenae
X X X 56092-93, 69730; CAS 41641 [ex IU
Eigenmann, 1913
12722], 60056-57 [ex IU 12725-26]
Creagrutus magoi Vari & Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et

X
Harold, 2001 al. 2006b
Creagrutus maracaiboensis
Schultz, 1944

Creagrutus maxillaris (Myers,
1927)
Ocampo et al. 2006b
Creagrutus melanzonus
X IAvH-P 3233*
Eigenmann, 1909
Creagrutus nigrostigmatus
X X X X ICNMHN 989; SU 49491
Dahl, 1960
Creagrutus paralacus Harold & Galvis et al. 1997, Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Vari, 1994 et al. 2005
Creagrutus phasma Myers, 1927 X Lasso et al. 2004
Creagrutus taphorni Vari &

X Lasso et al. 2004
Harold, 2001
Creagrutus tuyuka (Vari & Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Lima, 2003) 2006

Ctenobrycon hauxwellianus 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
(Cope, 1870) & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-

Ctenobrycon spilurus 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Deuterodon cf. potaroensis

X IAvH-P 3295*
(Eigenmann, 1909)
Engraulisoma taeniatum Castro,

X X Lasso et al. 2004, Ortega et al. 2006
1981
Exodon paradoxus Müller & Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Troschel, 1844 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
FMNH 56018 [ex CM 4808], 56019-2,

Genycharax tarpon Eigenmann,
X X B2c X 69547, 69779; CAS 44271-73 [ex IU
1912
12672-74]; USNM 79207
Grundulus bogotensis
X X NT X ZMB 33306, 3505, 31499
(Humboldt, 1821)
Grundulus cochae Román-

Valencia, Paepke & Pantoja, X X X X IUQ 453, 454, 455; STRI 1369
2003

Mag-
Cauc
Gymnocorymbus bondi (Fowler, ANSP 37863, 37864, 37865 (1, missing);

X X
1911) CM [ex ASNP 37866]

Gymnocorymbus thayeri 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Eigenmann, 1908 & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-
Hemibrycon boquiae FMNH 56259 [ex CM 5059], 56260;CAS

X X X
(Eigenmann, 1913) 44332 [ex IU 12831]
Hemibrycon carrilloi Dahl, ICNMHN (Holoytpe apparently

X X X X X
1960 destroyed), 29, 31, 126
MNH 56653 [ex CM 5470], 56654-56;

Hemibrycon colombianus CAS 44350 [ex IU 13162] , 44351 [ex IU
X X X
Eigenmann, 1914 13163], 44352 [ex IU 13164], 44353 [ex
IU 13165]
Hemibrycon dariensis Meek &

X IAvHP 7156*, 7237*
Hildebrand, 1916
Hemibrycon decurrens FMNH 56255 [ex CM 5055]; CAS 39542

X X X X
(Eigenmann, 1913) [IU 12829]
FMNH 56253 [ex CM 5054a], 56274,

Hemibrycon dentatus
X X X 5625, 56254, 69709; CAS 39543-45;
(Eigenmann, 1913)
USNM 79175
ANSP 111676 [ex Géry coll. 0124.18-

Hemibrycon fredcochui (Géry,
X X 19], 111668; MNHN 1980-1425; ZMA
1966)
113828
Hemibrycon jabonero Schultz, Galvis et al. 1997, Lasso et al. 2004,

X X
1944 Maldonado-Ocampo 2004,
Hemibrycon jelskii
X IAvH-P 6188-6192*
Hemibrycon metae Myers, 1930 X X X X SU 23727
Hemibrycon microformaa
Román-Valencia & Ruiz-C., X X X IUQ 510, 511-514; MTDF 27628
2007
Hemibrycon orcesi Böhlke, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1958 2006
Hemibrycon rafaelense Román- ICNMHN 6703, 3505; IUQ 499, 509;

X X X
Valencia & Arcila-Mesa, 2008 MCNG 54101; MTD F 27623-24
Hemibrycon tolimae FMNH 56257 [ex CM 5057], 56258;

X X X
Holotype: whereabouts unknown; SMF

Hemibrycon velox Dahl, 1964 X X X X
21300

Hemigrammus analis Durbin, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Ocampo et al. 2006b
Hemigrammus barrigonae CAS 44368 [ex IU 13423], 44369 [ex IU

X X
Eigenmann & Henn, 1914 13424]; AMNH 5320

Hemigrammus bellottii

Mag-
Cauc
Hemigrammus bleheri Géry &

X Lasso et al. 2004
Mahnert, 1986

Hemigrammus brevis Ellis, 1911 X
2006
Hemigrammus coeruleus Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Durbin, 1908 2006
Hemigrammus cylindricus
X IAvH-P 2555*
Durbin, 1909
Hemigrammus elegans Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Galvis

X
(Steindachner, 1882) et al. 2007a
Hemigrammus erythrozonus Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Durbin, 1909 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006

Hemigrammus gracillis (Lütken,
X X Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al.
1875)
2006
Hemigrammus guyanensis Géry,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1959
Hemigrammus hyanuary Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Durbin, 1918 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Hemigrammus iota Durbin, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1909 2006

Hemigrammus levis Durbin, 2004, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-
X X
1908 Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et
al. 2006b

Hemigrammus luelingi Géry,
1964
2006
Hemigrammus lunatus Durbin, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Hemigrammus marginatus Ellis, Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Hemigrammus melanochrous Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Fowler, 1913 2006
Hemigrammus micropterus Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et

X
Meek, 1907 al. 2006b

Hemigrammus microstomus 2004, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-
X X
Durbin, 1918 Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al.
2006b, Ortega et al. 2006
Hemigrammus mimus Böhlke,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1955
Hemigrammus newboldi
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Fernández-Yépez, 1949)

Hemigrammus ocellifer
2006

Mag-
Cauc
Hemigrammus pretoensis Géry, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1965 2006

Hemigrammus pulcher Ladiges,
1938
2006

Hemigrammus rhodostomus
Ahl, 1924
Ocampo et al. 2006b

Hemigrammus schmardae
Hemigrammus stictus (Durbin, Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Hemigrammus tridens Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Hemigrammus unilineatus (Gill,

X X Lasso et al. 2004, Ortega et al. 2006
1858)

Hemigrammus vorderwinkleri 2004, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-
X X
Géry, 1963 Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al.
Hyphessobrycon agulha Fowler, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1913 2006, Ortega et al. 2006
Hyphessobrycon albolineatum
X IAvH-P 760*

Hyphessobrycon bentosi
Durbin, 1908
Ocampo et al. 2006b
Hyphessobrycon columbianus
X X X MTDF 25497, 25498
Zarske & Géry, 2001
Hyphessobrycon condotensis
X X X BMNH 1913.10.1.19-21
Regan, 1913

Hyphessobrycon copelandi
Durbin, 1908
2006
Hyphessobrycon diancistrus USNM 216607, 216606; BMNH

X X
Weitzman, 1977 1977.1.12.1-2; MZUSP 13179-80
Hyphessobrycon ecuadoriensis Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Eigenmann & Henn, 1914 2006
Hyphessobrycon eos Durbin,

X Lasso et al. 2008
1909
Hyphessobrycon eques

Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma
(Fowler, 1943)
2006
Hyphessobrycon gracilior Géry, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1964 2006

Mag-
Cauc
Hyphessobrycon inconstans Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica

X X
(Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907) et al. 2006b
Hyphessobrycon loretoensis Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Ladiges, 1938 2006, Ortega et al. 2006
Hyphessobrycon melazonatus Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Durbin, 1908 2006
Hyphessobrycon metae
X X CAS 61751 [ex IU 13421], 61752
Eigenmann & Henn, 1914
Hyphessobrycon minimus
X IAvH-P 1863*
Durbin, 1909
Hyphessobrycon minor Durbin, Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Hyphessobrycon ocasoensis
García-Alzate & Román- X X X García-Alzate & Román-Valencia 2008
Valencia, 2008
Hyphessobrycon oritoensis
IUQ 1574, 129, 1575; MBUCV-V 33737;
García-Alzate, Román-Valencia X X X
MCGN 55844
& Taphorn, 2008
Hyphessobrycon panamensis Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica

X X
Durbin, 1908 et al. 2004, Ortega-Lara et al 2006b

Hyphessobrycon peruvianus
Ladiges, 1938
2006
FMNH 56290 [ex CM 5091], 56291,

Hyphessobrycon poecilioides
X X NT X X 75150; CAS 77396 [ex IU 12850];
Eigenmann, 1913
USNM 79214
FMNH 56293 [ex CM 5094], 56294-99,

Hyphessobrycon proteus 56381-82, 69778; CAS 57603 [ex IU
X X X X
Eigenmann, 1913 12858], 60478-83 [ex IU 12852-57]; SU
22754; USNM 79215, 167819
Hyphessobrycon saizi Géry,

X X X USNM 198647; ZMA 114206
1964
Hyphessobrycon scholzei Ahl, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1937 2006
Hyphessobrycon sovichthys Galvis et al. 1997, García-Alzate et al.

X
Schultz, 1944 2008
Hyphessobrycon sweglesi (Géry,

X X X X USNM 196090
1961)
Hyphessobrycon cf. tropis Géry,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1963
Hyphessobrycon tukunai Géry, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1965 2006
Jupiaba abramoides
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Eigenmann, 1909)

Jupiaba anteroides (Géry, 1965) X X Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Galvis et al.
2007ab

Mag-
Cauc
Jupiaba asymmetrica Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Eigenmann, 1908) 2006
Jupiaba mucronata (Eigenmann,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1909)
Jupiaba pinnata (Eigenmann,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1909)
Jupiaba poekotero Zanata & Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Lima, 2005 2006
Jupiaba polylepis (Günther,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1864)
Jupiaba scologaster (Weitzman

& Vari, 1986)
Jupiaba zonata (Eigenmann, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1908) 2006, Ortega et al. 2006

Knodus breviceps Eigenmann,
1908
2006

Knodus caquetae Fowler, 1945 X X X
2006

Knodus heteresthes (Eigenmann,
1908)
2006
Knodus hypopterus (Fowler,

X X X ANSP 70505
1943)
Knodus meridae Eigenmann,

X IAvH-P 9575-9580*
1911
Knodus moenkhausii Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903) 2006
Knodus orteguasae (Fowler,

X X X ANSP 70504
1943)
Knodus tiquiensis Ferreira &

X Ferreira & Lima 2006
Lima, 2006

Leptagoniates pi Vari, 1978 X
2006
Leptagoniates steindachneri
Boulenger, 1887

Markiana geayi (Pellegrin,
1909)
2006
Microgenys minuta Eigenmann, FMNH 56215 [ex CM 5007], 56216;

X X NT X
1913 CAS 47170 [ex IU 12818]
Microschemobrycon callops Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et

X
Böhlke, 1953 al. 2006b
Microschemobrycon casiquiare Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et

X X
Böhlke, 1953 al. 2006b, Galvis et al. 2007a, 2007b
Microschemobrycon geisleri Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Géry, 1973 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006

Mag-
Cauc
Moenkhausia browni
X X Lasso et al. 2004, Galvis et al. 2007b
Eigenmann, 1909
Moenkhausia cf. ceros

X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
Eigenmann, 1908

Moenkhausia chrysargyrea
(Günther, 1864)
Ortega et al. 2006

Moenkhausia collettii 2004, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-
X X
(Steindachner, 1882) Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et
al. 2006b

Moenkhausia comma
Eigenmann, 1908
2006

Moenkhausia copei 2004, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-
X X
(Steindachner, 1882) Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al.

Moenkhausia cotinho 2004, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-
X X
Eigenmann, 1908 Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et
al. 2006b

Moenkhausia dichroura (Kner, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Moenkhausia doceana
X IAvH-P 2507, 3166*
Moenkhausia eigenmanni Géry, USNM 198640; ANSP 112249, 139712;

X X X
1964 MNHN 1980-1445
Moenkhausia georgiae Géry,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1965

Moenkhausia grandisquamis
(Müller & Troschel, 1845)
Ocampo et al. 2006b
Moenkhausia intermedia Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Galvis

X X
Eigenmann, 1908 et al. 2007b
Moenkhausia jamesi Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et

X
Eigenmann, 1908 al. 2006b

Moenkhausia lepidura (Kner, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X

Moenkhausia megalops
(Eigenmann, 1907)
Ocampo et al. 2006b

Moenkhausia melogramma
Eigenmann, 1908

Mag-
Cauc
CAS 55610 [ex IU 15026a], 55609 [ex

Moenkhausia metae Eigenmann,
X X X IU 15026], 55608 [ex IU 13951]; FMNH
1922
55214
Moenkhausia miangi Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X

Moenkhausia naponis Böhlke,
1958
2006
Moenkhausia newtoni Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Travassos, 1964 2006

Moenkhausia oligolepis 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
(Günther, 1864) & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-
Moenkhausia orteguasae
X X X ANSP 70496
Fowler, 1943
Moankhausia ovalis (Günther, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1868) 2006
Moenkhausia robertsi Géry, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1964 2006
Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Moenkhausia simulata Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Eiegenmann, 1924) 2006
Moenkhausia takasei Géry, 1964 X Ortega et al. 2006
USNM 205594, 205595-96; BMNH

Nematobrycon lacortei
X X X X 1971.3.16.1; CAS 13396; FMNH 70525;
Weitzman & Fink, 1971
ZMA 110740
Nematobrycon palmeri BMNH 1910.7.11.196-201,

X X X X
Eigenmann, 1911 1910.7.11.196, 1910.7.11.202-207

Othonocheirodus sp. X
2004
Paracheirodon axelrodi Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Schultz, 1956) 2004

Paracheirodon innesi (Myers,
1936)
2006
Paracheirodon simulans (Géry,

X Lima et al. 2003
1963)

Paragoniates alburnus
Steindachner, 1876
Parapristella georgiae Géry, Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Petitella georgiae Géry & Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Boutiére, 1964 2006, Galvis et al. 2007b
Phenagoniates macrolepis Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica

X
(Meek & Hildebrand, 1913) et al. 2004

Mag-
Cauc

Prionobrama filigera (Cope,
1870)
2006
Pristella maxillaris (Ulrey,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1894)
USNM 231738 [was USNM 257403-

Pseudochalceus kyburzi Schultz,
X X X F27], 171751, 231739 [ex USNM
1966
258173-F1]
Pseudochalceus longianalis MHNG 1226.90., 1226.91-99; ANSP

X X
Géry, 1972 140067; Géry personal collection 0690
Salminus affinis Steindachnner, A1d, MHNG 1226.90, 1226.91-99; ANSP

X X X X
1880 A2d 140067

Salminus hilarii Valenciennes,
1850
2006
Schultzites axelrodi Géry, 1964 X X X USNM 198642

Serrabrycon magoi Vari, 1986 X
2004
Stichonodon insignis Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Thayeria boehlkei Weitzman, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1957 2006

Thayeria obliqua Eigenmann, 2004, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-
X X
1908 Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al.
Thrissobrycon pectinifer Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et

X
Böhlke, 1953 al. 2006b

Triportheus albus Cope, 1872 X Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al.
2006

Triportheus angulatus (Spix &
Agassiz, 1829)
2006
Triportheus auritus Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Valenciennes, 1850) 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b

Triportheus elongatus (Günther,
1864)
2006
Triportheus brachipomus Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Malabarba, 2004 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
Triportheus magdalenae
X X X NMW 69151-54; ZMUC 87
Triportheus orinocensis
X Lasso et al. 2004
Malabarba, 2004
Triportheus pictus (Garman, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1890) 2006

Mag-
Cauc
Triportheus venezuelensis Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Malabarba, 2004 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
Xenagoniates bondi Myers,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1942
Agoniatinae
Agoniates anchovia Eigenmann, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Agoniates halecinus Müller & Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X X
Troschel, 1845 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
Clupeacharacinae
Clupeacharax anchoveoides
Pearson, 1924
Iguanodectinae
Iguanodectes adujai Géry, 1970 X X IAvH-P 1118, 10249, 10673*

Iguanodectes geisleri Géry, 2004, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-
X X
1970 Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et
al. 2006b
Iguanodectes purisii Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X

Iguanodectes spilurus (Günther, 2004, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-
X X
1864) Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al.
Bryconinae
Brycon amazonicus (Spix & Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et

X
Agassiz, 1829) al. 2006b
Brycon argenteus Meek &

X Mojica et al. 2004
Hildebrand, 1913

Brycon bicolor Pellegrin 1909 X X
Brycon cephalus (Günther, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Brycon dentex Günther, 1860 X Mojica et al. 2004

Brycon falcatus Müller & 2004, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-
X X
Troschel, 1844 Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et
al. 2006b
Holotype and paratypes: whereabouts

Brycon fowleri Dahl, 1955 X X X X
unknown
FMNH 56384 [ex CM 5152], 56341-46,

Brycon henni Eigenmann, 1913 X X X X 69556, 75147; CAS 18536, 39495-98;
USNM 79169

Brycon hilarii-group X
2006
Brycon labiatus Steindachner, NMW Holotype catalogue number

X X X
1879 unknown

Mag-
Cauc
Brycon medemi Dahl, 1960 X X X ICNMHN 41, 73
CAS 13467 [ex IU 13467], 13460, 18542,

Brycon meeki Eigenmann &
X X X X 18537, 54945, 61208-15, 61217-18; SU
Hildebrand, 1918
22761; USNM 280489; MBUCV

Brycon melanopterus (Cope,
1872)
Brycon moorei Steindachner, NMW Holotype catalogue number

X X X X
1878 unknown
Brycon oligolepis Regan, 1913 X X X BMNH 1913.10.1.8-9

Brycon opalinus (Cuvier, 1819) X
2006
Brycon pesu Müller & Troschel, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X X
1845 2006, Galvis et al. 2007ab
Brycon posadae Fowler, 1945 X X ANSP 71695
Brycon rubricauda NMW Holotype catalogue number

X X X X
Steindachner, 1879 unknown
Brycon sinuensis Dahl, 1955 X X X Syntypes: lost
Brycon striatulus (Kner, 1863) X X IAvH-P 7150*
Brycon whitei Myers &

X X SU 48818, 48817 [not SU 44817]
Weitzman, 1960
Serrasalminae

2004, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-
Catoprion mento (Cuvier, 1819) X X
Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et
al. 2006b

Colossoma macropomum 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
NT X X
(Cuvier, 1818) & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-

Metynnis argenteus Ahl, 1923 X X
Metynnis hypsauchen (Müller & Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Trsochel, 1844) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Metynnis lippincottianus Cope, Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X

Metynnis luna (Cope, 1870) X X
Metynnis maculatus (Kner,

1858)
Mylesinus schomburgki
X Lasso et al. 2004
Valenciennes, 1850
Myleus pacu (Jardine & Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Schomburgk, 1841) 2006
Myleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1818) 2006

Mag-
Cauc

Myleus schomburgkii
Valenciennes, 1849
Ocampo et al. 2006b

Myleus setiger (Valenciennes,
1849)
Ocampo et al. 2006b
Myleus ternetzi (Norman, 1929) X Galvis et al. 2007b

Myleus torquatus (Kner, 1860) X X Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-
Ocampo et al. 2006b
Myloplus asterias (Muller & Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Troschel, 1845) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006

Myloplus rubripinnis (Müller & 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Troschel, 1844) & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-
Mylossoma acanthogaster

Mylossoma aureum (Agassiz, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X

Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X

Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Pristobrycon aureus (Spix & Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Agassiz, 1829) 2006

Pristobrycon calmoni 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
(Steindachner, 1908) & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-
Ocampo et al. 2006b

Pristobrycon careospinus Fink
& Machado-Allison, 1992
Pristobrycon maculipinnis Fink Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
& Machado-Allison, 1992 2006

Pristobrycon striolatus
Ocampo et al. 2006b
Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

X
& Valenciennes, 1821) 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b

Pygocentrus nattereri Kner,
1858
2006

Mag-
Cauc
Pygopristis denticulata (Cuvier,

1819)

Serrasalmus altuvei Ramírez, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Serrasalmus compressus Jégu,

Leão & Santos, 1991

Serrasalmus elongatus Kner,
1858
2006
Serrasalmus gouldingi (Fink & Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Machado-Alison, 1992) 2006
Serrasalmus hollandi Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Eigenmann, 1915 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Serrasalmus humeralis Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Valenciennes, 1850 2006, Ortega et al. 2006
Serrasalmus irritans Peters, Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Serrasalmus maculatus Kner,

X Jegú 2003
1858
Serrasalmus manueli
(Fernández-Yépez & Ramírez, X X
al. 2006b
1967)

Serrasalmus medinai Ramírez,
1965
Serrasalmus nalseni Fernández- Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Yépez, 1969 2006

Serrasalmus rhombeus 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
(Linnaeus, 1766) & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-
Serrasalmus sanchezi Géry, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1964 2006

Serrasalmus spiropleura Kner,
1858
2006
Aphyocharacinae

Aphyocharax alburnus 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Aphyocharax erythrurus Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

X X
Eigenmann, 1912 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
Aphyocharax pusillus Günther, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1868 2006, Ortega et al. 2006

Mag-
Cauc
Characinae
Acanthocharax microlepis
Eigenmann, 1912
Acestrocephalus anomalus
X X X NMW 57983
Acestrocephalus boehlkei Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Menezes, 1977 2006, Ortega et al. 2006
Acestrocephalus sardina
X X Menezes 2006
(Fowler, 1913)

Charax condei (Géry &
Knöppel, 1876)

Charax gibbosus (Linnaeus, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X

Charax leticiae Lucena, 1987 X
2006
CAS 41300 [ex IU 15027], 69117 [ex IU

15027]; FMNH 55145; SU 60707 [ex IU
Charax metae Eigenmann, 1912 X X X
15028]; UMMZ 160226; USNM 83631
[ex IU 15027]

Charax michaeli Lucena, 1989 X

Charax niger Lucena, 1989 X

Charax tectifer (Cope, 1870) X Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al.
2006

Cynopotamus amazonus
(Günther, 1868)
2006
Cynopotamus atratoensis
X X X USNM 1664, 306567 [ex USNM 1664]
(Eigenmann, 1907)
Cynopotamus bipunctatus
X Lasso et al. 2004
Pellegrin, 1909
Cynopotamus magdalenae
X X X NMW 62501-02 , 62504-05, 77769

Galeocharax gulo (Cope, 1870) X Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al.
2006
Gnathocharax steindachneri Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et

X
Fowler, 1913 al. 2006b

Heterocharax macrolepis 2004, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-
X X
Eigenmann, 1912 Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et
al. 2006b
Hoplocharax goethei Géry, Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et

X
1966 al. 2006b

Mag-
Cauc

Lonchogenys ilisha Myers, 1927 X X
2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b,
Ortega et al. 2006
Phenacogaster megalostictus Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et

X
Eigenmann, 1909 al. 2006b
Phenacogaster microstictus
X Lasso et al. 2004
Eigenmann, 1909
Phenacogaster pectinatus Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
(Cope, 1870) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Priocharax pygmaeus Weitzman NRM 15048; MBUCV-V-15342; MZUSP

X X X
& Vari, 1987 36498; NRM 17593; USNM 278479

Roeboides affinis (Günther, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Roeboides dayi (Steindachner,

X X X X NMW 67132
1878)
Roeboides dientonito Schultz,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1944

Roeboides myersii Gill, 1870 X X Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al.
2006
Mojica et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

Roeboides occidentalis Meek & et al. 2005, 2006a, Mojica et al.2006b,
X X X
Hildebrand, 1916 Villa-Navarro et al. 2006, Ortega-Lara et
al. 2006a
Stethaprioninae
Brachychalcinus copei Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Brachychalcinus nummus Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Böhlke, 1958 2006

Brachychalcinus orbicularis
2006
Poptella brevispina Reis, 1989 X IAvH-P 4382*
Poptella compressa (Günther,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1864)
Poptella longipinnis (Popta,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1901)
Stethaprion erythrops (Cope,

1870)
Tetragonopterinae

Tetragonopterus argenteus 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Cuvier, 1816 & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-

Mag-
Cauc

Tetragonopterus chalceus Spix 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
& Agassiz, 1829 & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-
Rhoadsiinae
Parastremma album Dahl, 1960 X X ICNMHN 147, 147a
Parastremma pulchrum Dahl,

X X X X ICNMHN 204
1960
FMNH 56022 [ex CM 4812], 56023,

Parastremma sadina
X X X X 69678; CAS 57600 [ex IU 12675];
Eigenmann, 1912
USNM 79225
Cheirodontinae
Cheirodon pulcher (Gill, 1858) X Lasso et al. 2004
Cheirodontops geayi Schultz,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1944
Nanocheirodon insignis
X X X X NMW 62543-44
Odontostilbe fugitiva Cope, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1870 2006
ANSP 181040; ANSP 181041; ICNMHN

Odontostilbe splendida
X X 14168; INPA 25173; MBUCV 32890;,
Bührnheim & Malabarba, 2007
MCNG 54519; MCP 38862
FMNH 56383 [ex CM 5103], 56300,

Saccoderma hastatus
X X X X 69555; CAS 70919 [ex IU 12861];
(Eigenmann, 1913)
USNM 79223
Saccoderma melanostigma
Schultz, 1944
Saccoderma robusta Dahl, 1955 X X X MHNG 1066.39-42
Glandulocaudinae
FMNH 56235 [ex CM 5036], 56236-4,

Argopleura chocoensis 69710, 69777; CAS 39030-33 [ex IU
X X X X
(Eigenmann, 1913) 12939-42]; USNM 236096 [ex 76943],
79173, 249871 [ex 76943]
FMNH 56261 [ex CM 5060], 56262,

Argopleura conventus
X X X 71290; CAS 39439 [ex IU 12802];
(Eigenmann, 1913)
USNM 79174
Argopleura diquensis FMNH 56272 [ex CM 5072], 56273,

X X X
(Eigenmann, 1913) 69690; CAS 39013 [ex IU 12820]
FMNH 56263 [ex CM 5063], 56264-

Argopleura magdalenensis 65, 56267-71, 56275, 69760; BMNH
X X X
(Eigenmann, 1913) 1924.3.3.37-38; CAS 40827-32 [ex IU
12821-26]; USNM 79176, 236097
Corynopoma riisei Gill, 1858 X Lasso et al. 2004
FMNH 56012 [ex CM 4802], 56013-15,

Gephyrocharax caucanus
X X X 69553, 95008; CAS 44275-77 [ex IU
Eigenmann, 1912
12668-70]; USNM 81921
Gephyrocharax chocoensis
X X X X FMNH 56016; IAvH-P 7228-7233
Eigenmann, 1912

Mag-
Cauc
Gephyrocharax martae Dahl, ZMUL Holotype catalogue number

X X X
1943 unknown
FMNH 56049 [ex CM 4839], 56050-51,

Gephyrocharax melanocheir
X X X X 69554; CAS 44292-93 [ex IU 12696-97];
Eigenmann, 1912
USNM 79209
Gephyrocharax sinuensis Dahl, Holotype ICNMHN (apparently

X X X
1964 destroyed), ICNMHN 749
Gephyrocharax valencia
X Lasso et al. 2004
Eigenmann, 1920
Pterobrycon landoni
X X X FMNH 56250 [ex CM 5051]
Eigenmann, 1913
Tyttocharax cochui (Ladiges, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Tyttocharax madeirae Fowler, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1913 2006
Xenurobrycon heterodon Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Weitzman & Fink, 1985 2006
Acestrorhynchidae
Acestrorhynchus abbreviatus
(Cope, 1878)

Acestrorhynchus falcatus 2004, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-
X X
(Bloch, 1794) Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al.

Acestrorhynchus falcirostris 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
(Cuvier, 1819) & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-
Acestrorhynchus grandoculis
Menezes & Géry, 1983

Acestrorhynchus heterolepis
(Cope, 1878)
Ortega et al. 2006

Acestrorhynchus lacustris
(Lütken, 1875)
2006

Acestrorhynchus microlepis
(Schomburgk, 1841)
2006
Acestrorhynchus minimus Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et

X
Menezes, 1969 al. 2006b
Acestrorhynchus nasutus
X Lasso et al. 2004
Eigenmann, 1912
Cynodontidae

Cynodon gibbus Spix & Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo
X X
Agassiz, 1829 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b,
Ortega et al. 2006

Mag-
Cauc
Cynodon septenarius Toledo-

X Lasso et al. 2004
Piza, 2000
Gilbertolus alatus
X X X NMW 14998
Gilbertolus atratoensis Schultz,

X X X USNM 76976, 120170
1943

Hydrolycus armatus (Jardine &
Schomburgk, 1841)
Ocampo et al. 2006b

Hydrolycus scomberoides
(Cuvier, 1816)
2006
Hydrolycus tatauaia Toledo-

X Lasso et al. 2004
Pizza, Menezes & Santos, 1999

Hydrolycus wallacei Toledo-
Pizza, Menezes & Santos, 1999
Ocampo et al. 2006b

Rhaphiodon vulpinus Spix & 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Agassiz, 1829 & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-

Roestes molossus (Kner, 1858) X
Roestes ogilviei (Fowler, 1914) X Galvis et al. 2007b
Erythrinidae

Erythrinus erythrinus (Bloch &
Schneider, 1801)

Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
(Agassiz, 1829) & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-

Maldonado-Ocampo 2004, Mojica et al.
2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005,
Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &
X X X X X
1794) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-
Ocampo et al. 2006ab, Mojica et al.
2006ab, Villa-Navarro et al. 2006
Hoplias microlepis (Günther,

X Oyakawa 2003
1864)
Lebiasinidae

Copeina guttata (Seteindachner,
1876)
2006

Copeina osgoodi Eigenmann,
1922
2006

Mag-
Cauc

Copella arnoldi (Regan, 1912) X
2006

Copella compta (Myers, 1927) X
2006
Copella metae (Eiegenmann, CAS 60494 [ex IU 13251a], 60495 [ex IU

X X
1914) 13251]; SU 24656

Copella nattereri (Steindachner,
1876)
2006
Copella nigrofasciata (Meinken, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1952) 2006

Copella vilmae Géry, 1963 X
Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica

Lebiasina astrigata Regan, 1913 X
et al. 2004
Lebiasina aureoguttata Fowler,

1911
Lebiasina chucuriensis Ardila

X X X CAR 150424, 150423, 150425
Rodríguez, 2001
Lebiasina colombia Ardila

X X X CAR 190, 191, 192; ICNMHN 5314
Rodríguez, 2008
Lebiasina elongata Boulenger, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, Bogotá-

X
1887 Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006

Lebiasina erythrinoides
X X X al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-
Valenciennes, 1849
Ocampo 2006
Lebiasina festae Boulenger, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica

X X
1899 et al. 2004
Lebiasina floridablancaensis CAR 15-04-01; MBUCV-V-26713 [ex

X X X
Ardila Rodríguez, 1994 CAR 15-04-02 and 03]; MHNUNC 1837
Lebiasina multimaculata
X X X BMNH 1910.7.11.167-169
Boulenger, 1911
Lebiasina narinensis Ardila

X X X X ICNMHN 2340, 2340-1
Rodríguez, 2002
Lebiasina ortegai Ardila CAR 157, 265; CZUT-IC 2586; IAvH-P

X X X
Rodríguez, 2008 9875; IMCN 4200, 4201
Lebiasina panamensis Gill, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica

X X
1877 et al. 2004
Lebiasina pleurotaenia Regan,

1903

Nannostomus eques 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Steindachner, 1876 & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-
Ocampo et al. 2006b
Nannostomus espei (Meinken,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1956)

Mag-
Cauc

Nannostomus harrisoni
(Eigenmann, 1909)

Nannostomus marginatus
Eigenmann, 1909
Nannostomus marilynae Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Weitzman & Cobb, 1975 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006

Nannostomus trifasciatus
Steindachner, 1876

Nannostomus unifasciatus
Steindachner, 1876

Pyrrhulina brevis Steindachner,
1876
2006
Pyrrhulina eleanorae Fowler,

X IAvH-P 5222, 5223*
1940
Pyrrhulina filamentosa
X Lasso et al. 2004
Valenciennes, 1847

Pyrrhulina laeta (Cope, 1872) X Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al.
2006
Pyrrhulina lugubris Eigenmann, CAS 78888 [ex IU 15041a], 78888 [ex

X X X
1922 IU 15041]
Pyrrhulina obermuelleri Myers, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Pyrrhulina semifasciata Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Pyrrhulina stoli Boeseman, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X X
1953 2006, IAvH-P 4997*
Ctenoluciidae

Boulengerella cuvieri (Agassiz,
1829)
Ocampo et al. 2006b

Boulengerella lateristriga
(Boulenger, 1895)
Ocampo et al. 2006b

Boulengerella lucius (Cuvier,
1817)
Ocampo et al. 2006b

Boulengerella maculata Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo
X X
(Valenciennes, 1850) 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b,
Ortega et al. 2006

Boulengerella xyrekes Vari,
1995
Ortega et al. 2006

Mag-
Cauc
Ctenolucius beani (Fowler,

X X X ANSP 16642 [ex USNM 1658]
1907)
Galvis et al. 1997, Maldonado-Ocampo

Ctenolucius hujeta et al. 2005, Mojica et al. 2006b, Villa-
X X
(Valenciennes, 1850) Navarro et al. 2006, Ortega-Lara et al.
2006a
Siluriformes
Cetopsidae
Cetopsidium morenoi
X Lasso et al. 2004
Cetopsidium pemon Vari,

X Vari et al. 2005
Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005
Cetopsis amphiloxa FMNH 56519 [ex CM 5332]; CAS 77028

X X X
(Eigenmann, 1914) [ex IU 13009], 77027 [ex IU 13040]
Cetopsis baudoensis (Dahl,

X X X ICNMHN 118, 100
1960)
Mojica et al. 2005, Vari et al. 2005,

Cetopsis candiru Spix &
X Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo
Agassiz, 1829

Cetopsis coecutiens Vari et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &
X X
(Lichtenstein, 1819) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al.
2006
Cetopsis fimbriata Vari, Ferraris USNM 305348, 372825, 372826;

X X X
& de Pinna, 2005 ICNMHN 7272
Cetopsis jurubidae (Fowler,

X X X ANSP 71430
1944)
Cetopsis motataensis (Schultz,

X Galvis et al. 1997, Vari et al. 2005
1944)
Cetopsis oliveirai (Lundberg &

Rapp Py-Daniel, 1994)
Cetopsis orinoco (Schultz,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1944)
FMNH 56040 [CM 4830], 56041-42,

69814; AMNH 5318 [ex IU 12685 a-j];
Cetopsis othonops (Eigenmann,
X X X X BMNH 1924.3.3.81-82; CAS 64606-
1912)
08 [ex IU 12684-86] (6, 18, 1); USNM
76972, 79213, 167853
Cetopsis plumbea Steindachner,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1882
Cetopsis umbrosa Vari, Ferraris

X X Vari et al. 2005
& de Pinna, 2005
Denticetopsis macilenta
X Lasso et al. 2004, Vari et al. 2005
(Eigenmann, 1912)
Mojica et al. 2005, Vari et al. 2005,

Denticetopsis praecox (Ferraris
X Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo
& Brown, 1991)
2006

Mag-
Cauc
Helogenes castaneus (Dahl,

X X Holotype: whereabouts unknown
1960)

Helogenes marmoratus Günther, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Ocampo et al. 2006b
Aspredinidae
Amaralia hypsiura (Kner, 1855) X Ferraris 2007
Bunocephalus aleuropsis Cope, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1870 2006
Bunocephalus amaurus
X Lasso et al. 2004
Eigenmann, 1912
Bunocephalus chamaizelus Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Bunocephalus colombianus FMNH 56038 [ex CM 4828]; CAS 35249

X X X X X
Eigenmann, 1912 [ex IU 12687]
Bunocephalus coracoideus Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Cope, 1874) 2006
Bunocephalus knerii Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Bunocephalus verrucosus Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Walbaun, 1792) 2006
Dupouyichthys sapito Schultz, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, Mojica

X
1944 et al. 2006b, Villa-Navarro et al. 2006
Hoplomyzon papillatus Stewart,

1985
Hoplomyzon sexpapilostoma
X IAVH-P 5371, 7924 ,7925*
Taphorn & Marrero, 1990
Pseudobunocephalus
X Friel 2008
amazonicus (Mees, 1989)
Pseudobunocephalus bifidus
Eigenmann, 1942
Pseudobunocephalus lundbergi
X X Friel 2008
Friel, 2008
Xyliphius lepturus Orcés, 1962 X X Lasso et al. 2004
Xyliphius magdalenae
X X X FMNH 56039 [ex CM 4829]
Eigenmann, 1912
Xyliphius melanopterus Orcés, Lasso et al. 2004, Ortega et al. 2006,

X X
1962 Galvis et al. 2007b
Trichomycteridae
Eremophilus mutisii Humboldt,

X X NT X No types known
1805
Haemomaster venezuelae
X Lasso et al. 2004, IAvH-P 6981-6982*
Myers, 1927

Mag-
Cauc

Henonemus punctatus
(Boulenger, 1887)
2006
Henonemus sp. X Lasso et al. 2004
Ituglanis amazonicus
X Lasso et al. 2004
Ituglanis guayaberensis (Dahl,

X X X Holotype: whereabouts unknown
1960)
Ituglanis metae (Eigenmann,

X X X CAS 58138 [ex IU 13770]
1917)
Malacoglanis gelatinosus Myers

X X X SU 50754, 50755
& Weitzman, 1966
Megalocentor echthrus de Pinna Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
& Britski, 1991 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Ochmacanthus alternus Myers, Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et

X
1927 al. 2006b
Ochmacanthus orinoco Myers,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1927

Ochmacanthus reinhardtii
2006
Paracanthopoma parva Giltay,

X IAvH-P 2482, 3020*
1935
Paravandellia phaneronema Holotype: lost. Paratypes: MCZ 35874;

X X X
(Miles, 1943) USNM 120141
Plectrochilus machadoi Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Miranda-Ribeiro, 1917 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Plectrochilus wieneri (Pellegrin, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Pseudostegophilus haemomyzon
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Myers, 1942)

Pseudostegophilus nemurus
(Günther, 1869)
2006
Rhizosomichthys totae (Miles,

X X EX X ICNMHN 353; MCZ 35744; SU 37074
1942)
Schultzichthys bondi (Myers,

X IAvH-P 875, 2629, 6998*
1942)
Schultzichthys gracilis Dahl,

X X X Holotype: whereabouts unknown
1960
Stegophilus septentrionalis
X Lasso et al. 2004
Myers, 1927
FMNH 56025 [ex CM 4815], 56026,

Trichomycterus banneaui
X X X 69815; CAS 58127 [ex IU 12677];
(Eigenmann, 1912)
USNM 79234

Mag-
Cauc
FMNH 56030 [ex CM 4820]; 56031,

Trichomycterus bogotense
X X X 56044; AMNH 7107; CAS 58118 [ex IU
(Eigenmann, 1912)
12679]; USNM 79232
Trichomycterus cahiraensis CAR125, 97; CZUTIC2920; IAvH-P

X X X
Ardila Rodríguez, 2008 11114; MBUCV-V35384
Trichomycterus caliense
X X NT X X FMNH 56029 [ex CM 4819 not 6819]
(Eigenmann, 1912)
FMNH 56027 [ex CM 4817], 50628,

Trichomycterus chapmani
X X X X 69813; CAS 58128 [ex IU 12678];
(Eigenmann, 1912)
USNM 79233
Trichomycterus dorsostriatus FMNH 58096 [ex CM 7093], 58097;

X X X
Trichomycterus gorgona
X X X ANSP 149946; ICNMHN 10019
Fernández & Schaefer, 2005

Tricomycterus knerii
X X 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005,
Steindachner, 1882
2006b
Trichomycterus latidens
X X X X CAS 76335 [ex IU 13801]
(Eigenmann, 1917)
Trichomycterus latistriatus
X X X FMNH 58449 [ex CM 7450]
(Eigenmann, 1917)
Trichomycterus migrans (Dahl,

X X X ICNMHN 399, 400
1960)
Trichomycterus nigromaculatus
X X X X X BMNH 1880.2.26.16-17
Boulenger, 1887
Trichomycterus regani
X X X CAS 64591 [ex IU 13772]
(Eigenmann, 1917)
Trichomycterus retropinnis
X X X BMNH 1899.8.21.12-13
Regan, 1903
Trichomycterus romeroi
X X X ANSP 69331, 69332-35
(Fowler, 1941)
Trichomycterus ruitoquensis CAR 340, 37, 88, 89, 325, 331, 332;
X X X
Ardila Rodríguez, 2007 IAvH-P 4342, 4344; IMCN 4195
Trichomycterus sandovali Ardila

X X X CAR 116; AS 115
Rodríguez, 2006
Trichomycterus santanderensis
X X X CAC-CDMB 035; 051
Castro, 2007
Trichomycterus spilosoma BMNH 1910.7.11.106-107,

X X X X
(Regan, 1913) 1910.7.11.108
Trichomycterus stellatus FMNH 58101 [ex CM 7097], 58102;

X X X
FMNH 58105 [ex CM 7101], 58091-92;

Trichomycterus straminius
X X X X CAS 58148 [ex IU 13818], 58105 [ex IU
(Eigenmann, 1918)
13804]
Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, Mojica

Trichomycterus striatus (Meek
X X et al. 2006b, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006a,
& Hildebrand, 1913)
Villa-Navarro et al. 2006

Mag-
Cauc

Trichomycterus taenia Kner,
1863
Trichomycterus transandianum
X X X X NMW 44475 (?)
Trichomycterus uisae
X X X Castellanos-Morales 2008
Castellanos, 2008
Trichomycterus unicolor
X X X X BMNH 1913.10.1.42-43
(Regan, 1913)
Trichomycterus venulosus
X X X NMW 44476
Tridens melanops Eigenmann & Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Tridensimilis brevis (Eigenmann Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
& Eigenmann, 1889) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Tridensimilis venezuelae
Schultz, 1944
Vandellia beccarii Di
X Lasso et al. 2004
Caporiacco, 1935
Vandellia cirrhosa Valenciennes, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1846 2006
Callichthyidae
Brochis splendens (Castelnau, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1855) 2006

Callichthys callichthys
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Callichthys fabricioi Román- ICNMHN 3842; IUQ 152, 305, 306,

Valencia, Lehmann-A & Muñoz, X X B2c X 307; MCP 21174-75; UV 89018, 91063,
1999 93001-04, 98002, 98031
CAR 251, 250; IMCN 3310; CZUT-IC

Callichthys oibaensis Ardila-
X X X 1837; IAvH-P 5730; ICNMNH 13396;
Rodríguez, 2006
MBUCV-V 32798
Corydoras aeneus (Gill, 1858) X Lasso et al. 2004
Corydoras agassizii Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Corydoras ambiacus Cope, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1872 2006

Corydoras arcuatus Elwin, 1939 X
2006
Corydoras armatus (Günther,

1868)
Corydoras axelrodi Rössel,

X X X X SMF 5700, 5701-02
1962
Corydoras bondi Gosline, 1940 X Lasso et al. 2004

Mag-
Cauc
Corydoras delphax Nijssen & NRM 26073 [1972222.3251]; NRM

X X X X
Isbrücker, 1983 26074; ZMA 119063
Corydoras elegans Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Corydoras esperanzae Castro,

X X X UBJTL MM275
1987
Corydoras evelynae Rössel,

1963

Corydoras fowleri Böhlke, 1950 X
2006
Corydoras gomezi Castro, 1986 X X UBJTL MM536
Corydoras habrosus Weitzman,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1960
Corydoras leucomelas Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Eigenmann & Allen, 1942 2006
Corydoras loxozonus Nijssen &

X X X X ANSP 150170
Isbrücker, 1983
Corydoras melanistius Regan,

X Maldonado-Ocampo 2004
1912
Corydoras melanotaenia Regan, BMNH 1909.7.23.41; BMNH

X X X X
1912 1909.7.23.42
Corydoras melini Lönnberg & Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Rendahl, 1930 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Corydoras metae Eigenmann,

X X X X CAS 36447 [ex IU 13451]
1914
Corydoras napoensis Nijssen & Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Isbrücker, 1986 2006
Corydoras osteocarus Böhlke,

1951
Corydoras pastazensis Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Weitzman, 1963 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Corydoras rabauti La Monte, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Corydoras reticulatus Fraser-

Brunner, 1938
Corydoras reynoldsi Myers &

X X X SU 52349, 50702; ZMA 111424
Weitzman, 1960
Corydoras semiaquilus Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Weitzman, 1964 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Corydoras septentrionalis
X Lasso et al. 2004
Gosline, 1940
Corydoras simulatus Weitzman USNM 197615, 197616, 197667; ZMA

X X X X
& Nijssen, 1970 110384
Corydoras sodalis Nijssen & Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Isbrücker, 1986 2006

Mag-
Cauc
Corydoras trilineatus Cope, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1872 2006
Corydoras zygatus Eigenmann Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
& Allen, 1942 2006
Dianema longibarbis Cope, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X

Hoplosternum littorale 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
(Hancock, 1828) & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-
FMNH 56281 [ex CM 5081], 56282-83;

Hoplosternum magdalenae
Eigenmann, 1913
12836]; MCP 17307 [ex CAS 76516]
Hoplosternum punctatum Meek

X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a
& Hildebrand, 1916

Megalechis picta (Muüller &
Troschel, 1848)

Megalechis thoracata 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Astroblepidae
Astroblepus caquetae Fowler,

X X X ANSP 70506, 70507-08
1943
Astroblepus cirratus (Regan,

X X X X BMNH: 1912.3.2.7
1912)
Astroblepus chapmani FMNH 56071 [ex CM 4863], 50672;

X X X X X
(Eigenmann, 1912) CAS 64658 [ex IU 12708a-c]

Astroblepus chotae (Regan,
X X X et al. 2006b, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006a,
1904)
Astroblepus cyclopus
X X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005
(Humboldt, 1805)
Astroblepus frenatus
X X X X X FMNH 58384 [ex CM 7380]
Eigenmann, 1918
Astroblepus grixalvii Humboldt,

X X X X X No types known
1805
Astroblepus guentheri
X X X X BMNH 1880.2.26.18-25
(Boulenger, 1887)
Astroblepus heterodon (Regan,

X X X BMNH 1908.5.29.80
1908)
Astroblepus homodon (Regan,

X X X X BMNH 1902.5.15.27
1904)
Astroblepus jurubidae Fowler,

X X X ANSP 71431
1944

Mag-
Cauc
FMNH 58366 [ex CM 7362], 58367-71,

Astroblepus latidens
X X X X 69816; CAS 64659 [ex IU 13678], 64689
Eigenmann, 1918
[ex IU 13679]

Astroblepus longifilis
Astroblepus mariae (Fowler,

X X X X ANSP 49368, 49369-84
1919)
Astroblepus marmoratus
X X X BMNH 1899.8.21.10-11
(Regan, 1904)
Astroblepus micrescens FMNH 58376 [ex CM 7372], 58377 [ex

X X X X
Eigenmann, 1918 CM 7373]; CAS 64692 [ex IU 13686]
Astroblepus nicefori Myers,

X X X X X SU 24796; USNM 94178
1932
Astroblepus rengifoi Dahl, 1960 X X X Holotype: whereabouts unknown
Astroblepus retropinnus (Regan,

X X X BMNH 1908.5.29.81–82; IMCN 295
1908)
Astroblepus rosei Eigenmann,

1922
FMNH 58433 [ex CM 7430], 58372-75,

58427-28, 58431-32; CAS 47001 [ex IU
Astroblepus santanderensis
X X X 13741], 47002 [ex IU 13682], 60163 [ex
Eigenmann, 1918
IU 13740], 64696 [ex IU 13683], 64697
[ex IU 13684], 64698 [ex IU 13685]
FMNH 56076 [ex CM 4868], 56077-

Astroblepus trifasciatus 78; AMNH 18667 [ex IU 12711]; CAS
X X X X X
(Eigenmann, 1912) 64716-17 [ex IU 12711-12], ?64718;
USNM 79198
FMNH 56079 [ex CM 4871], 56080,

Astroblepus unifasciatus
X X X X X 69817; CAS 64718 [ex IU 12713];
(Eigenmann, 1912)
USNM 79199
FMNH 56074 [ex CM 4866], 56073,

Astroblepus ventralis 56075; AMNH 18666 [ex IU 12710] (1);
X X X X
(Eigenmann, 1912) CAS 47013 [ex CM 4865, IU 12709],
47014 [ex CM 4867a-g, IU 12710a-g]
Loricariidae
Hypoptopomatinae
Acestridium colombiensis FMNH 115255, 105169; INHS 99093;

X X X
Retzer 2005 USNM 381314
Acestridium martini Retzer,

X Lasso et al. 2004
Nico & Provenzano, 1999
Apistoloricaria laani Nijssen & ANSP 131483, 131484, 157750, 157940-

X X X X
Isbrücker, 1988 41; ZMA 119444
Hypoptopoma gulare Cope, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Hypoptopoma psilogaster
X Ferraris Jr. 2007
Fowler, 1915

Mag-
Cauc
Hypoptopoma steindachneri
X Lasso et al. 2004
Boulenger, 1895
Hypoptopoma thoracatum Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Günther, 1868 2006
Nannoptopoma spectabile AS 33806 [ex IU 13253a]; CAS 33807

X X X X
(Eigenmann, 1914) [ex IU 13253]
Nannoptopoma sternoptychum Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Scheafer, 1996 2006
Otocinclus batmani Lehmann, ICNMHN 6721, 6722; ANSP 178616;

X X
2006 MCP 28172, 34087; MHNUC 474
Otocinclus huaorani Schaefer,

1997

Otocinclus macrospilus
Eigenmann & Allen, 1842
2006

Otocinclus vestitus Cope, 1872 X
Otocinclus vittatus Regan, 1904 X Lasso et al. 2004
Oxyropsis acutirostra Miranda Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Ribeiro, 1951 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Oxyropsis carinata Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Oxyropsis wrightiana Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 2006
Parotocinclus eppleyi Schaefer

X Lasso et al. 2004
& Provenzano, 1993
Loricariinae
Apistoloricaria listrorhinos
X X X X ANSP 131482
Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1988
Crossoloricaria cephalaspis
X X X BMNH 1947.7.1.228
Isbrücker, 1979
Crossoloricaria rhami Isbrücker Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
& Nijssen, 1983 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006

Crossoloricaria variegata
Dasyloricaria capetensis (Meek Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006, Mojica

X
& Hildebrand, 1916) et al. 2004
Dasyloricaria filamentosa NMW 44874, 44870-73, 44874:2, 44875-

X X X
(Steindachner, 1878) 77; ZMUC 86
Dasyloricaria latiura
X X X FMNH 55115; USNM 79219
(Eigenmann & Vance, 1912)
Dasyloricaria seminuda
X X X FMNH 55113, 55114, 55116; IU 12694
Dentectus barbarmatus Mártin

Salazar, Isbrücker & Nijssen, X
2004
1982

Mag-
Cauc
Farlowella acus (Kner, 1853) X Lasso et al. 2004
Farlowella amazona (Günther, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1864) 2006
CAS 123733, 169739 [ex CAS 123733];

Farlowella colombiensis Retzer
X X X X ANSP 88080; INHS 32939 [ex ASNP
& Page, 1997
88080]
Farlowella gracilis Regan, 1904 X X X X BMNH 1902.5.29.180
Farlowella mariaelenae Martín

Salazar, 1964
Farlowella nattereri Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Farlowella oxyrrhyncha (Kner, Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Farlowella platorynchus Retzer Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
& Page, 1997 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006

Farlowella smithi Fowler, 1913 X
2006
Farlowella taphorni Retzer &

X IAvH-P 9800, 9801
Page, 1997
Farlowella vittata Myers, 1942 X Lasso et al. 2004
Hemiodontichthys acipenserinus Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
(Kner, 1853) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Lamontichthys llanero Taphorn

X Lasso et al. 2004
& Lilyestrom, 1984
Lamontichthys maracaibero
Taphorn & Lilyestrom, 1984

Limatulichthys griseus
(Eigenmann, 1909)
2006
Loricaria cataphracta Linnaeus,

X X Lasso et al. 2004, Galvis et al. 2007a
1758
Loricaria nickeriensis Isbrücker, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Loricaria simillima Regan, 1904 X Lasso et al. 2004
Loricariichthys brunneus
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Hancock, 1828)
Loricariichthys cf. maculatus

X IAvH-P 3253
(Bloch, 1794)
Planiloricaria cryptodon
(Isbrücker, 1971)
Pseudohemiodon sp. X Lasso et al. 2004
Pterosturisoma microps
(Eigenmann & Allen, 1942)
Rineloricaria castroi Isbrücker Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
& Nijssen, 1984 2006

Mag-
Cauc
Rineloricaria eigenmanni
(Pellegrin, 1908)
FMNH 83713, 83714-15; IRSNB 608-

Rineloricaria formosa Isbrücker 609; MZUSP [ex IRSNB 608, MZUSP ex
X X X
& Nijssen, 1979 IRSNB 609]; ZMA 114922-23, 115182,
115196-97; ZSM 25821
Rineloricaria juabata Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica

X X
(Boulenger, 1902) et al. 2004, Ortega-Lara et al 2006b

Rineloricaria lanceolata
(Günther, 1868)
2006
Rineloricaria magdalenae
X X X X NMW 45080; NMW 45800
Rineloricaria nigricauda Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
(Regan, 1904) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Rineloricaria sneiderni (Fowler,

X X X ANSP 71433, 71434
1944)
Spatuloricaria atratoensis
X X X USNM 93810
Schultz, 1944
Spatuloricaria caquetae
X X X ANSP 70526, 70527
(Fowler, 1943)
Spatuloricaria curvispina (Dahl,

X X X ZMUL Holotype status unknown
1942)
Spatuloricaria euacanthagenys
X X X ANSP 71718
Isbrücker, 1979
CAS 28773 [ex IU 12691], 28774-75 [ex

Spatuloricaria gymnogaster
X X X X IU 12692-93]; FMNH 55138; USNM
79218 (2)
Spatuloricaria fimbriata FMNH 55117 [ex CM 3808], 55118;

X X X
(Eigenmann & Vance, 1912) CAS 77173 [ex IU 12714]
Sturisoma aureum
X X X X X ZSM [old collection] destroyed in WWII
Sturisoma panamense Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, 2006a,

(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, X X X Mojica et al. 2006b, Villa-Navarro et al.
1889) 2006, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006ab
Sturisoma tenuirostre
X Lasso et al. 2004
Sturisomatichthys caquetae
X X X ANSP 71719
(Fowler, 1945)
Sturisomatichthys leightoni BMNH 1909.7.23.45, BMNH

X X X X
(Regan, 1912) 1909.7.23.46-47
Sturisomatichthys tamanae BMNH 1910.7.11.133, BMNH

X X X X X
(Regan, 1912) 1910.7.11.134
Hypostominae
Aphanotorulus ammophilus
X IAvH-P 3836-3839*
Armbruster & Page, 1996

Mag-
Cauc
Aphanotorulus unicolor
Hypostomus argus (Fowler,

X X X X ANSP 70510
1943)
Hypostomus niceforoi (Fowler,

X X X X ANSP 70511
1943)
Hypostomus carinatus
X IAvH-P 3934*
Hypostomus hondae (Regan,

X C1 X X X BMNH 1909.7.23.43-44
1912)
Hypostomus winzi (Fowler,

X X X ANSP 71623
1945)
Hypostomus oculeus (Fowler,

X X ANSP 70518, 70519-20
1943)
Hypostomus plecostomoides CAS 82501 [ex IU 15043] (lost in mail

X X X
(Eigenmann, 1922) in 1959)
Hypostomus plecostomus
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Hypostomus pyrineusi (Miranda Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X X
Ribeiro, 1920) 2006, IAvH-P 1717*, 1722*
Hypostomus sculpodon
X Lasso et al. 2004
Armbruster, 2003
Hypostomus varimaculosus
X X ANSP 71707
(Fowler, 1945)
Hypostomus watwata Hancock,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1828
Pterygoplichthys undecimalis
X X X X NMW 47224, 47220-22
Pseudorinelepis genibarbis
Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Kner, 1854) 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
Pterygoplichthys lituratus Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Hancock, 1828)
Pterygoplichthys pardalis Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
(Castelnau, 1855) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Pterygoplichthys punctatus Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Pterygoplichthys weberi ICNMHN 13455; FMNH 96959, 101378;

X X
Armbruster & Page, 2006 MSU 2736.2; USNM 177204
Squaliforma emarginata Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
(Valenciennes, 1840) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Squaliforma squalina (Jardine,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1841)

Mag-
Cauc
Squaliforma tenuicauda MSNG 8856; NMW 42596, 44263-66,

X X X
(Steindachner, 1878) 44268), 44294; ZMUC 85
Squaliforma villarsi (Lütken,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1874)
Ancistrinae
Acanthicus hystrix Spix & Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Agassiz, 1829 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006

Ancistrus brevifilis Eigenmann,
1920
2006
Ancistrus caucanus Fowler,

X X X ANSP 70516
1943
Ancistrus centrolepis Regan,

X X X X X BMNH 1913.10.1.58, 1910.4.11.122
1913
Ancistrus eustictus (Fowler,

X X X X ANSP 71710
1945)
Ancistrus lineolatus Fowler,

X X X ANSP 70517
1943
Ancistrus gymnorhynchus Kner,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1854
Ancistrus hoplogenys (Günther,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1864)
Ancistrus latifrons (Günther,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1869)
Ancistrus macrophthalmus
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Pellegrin, 1912)
Ancistrus martini Schultz, 1944 X IAvH-P 3088*, 9816*
Ancistrus triradiatus CAS 60164 [ex IU 13935a], 60165 [ex IU

X X X X
Eigenmann, 1918 13935b-e]; ?FMNH 58558
Baryancistrus beggini Lujan,

X Lujan et al. 2003
Arce & Armbruster, 2009
Chaetostoma aburrensis
X X X No types known
(Posada, 1909)
Chaetostoma alternifasciatum
X X X ANSP 71711, 71712-15
Fowler, 1945
Chaetostoma anale (Fowler,

X X X ANSP 70525
1943)
Chaetostoma brevilabiatum
X X X ZMUL
Dahl, 1942
Chaetostoma dorsale
X Lasso et al. 2004
Eigenmann, 1922
Chaetostoma dupouii
X IAvH-P 3369*
Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005,2006a,

Chaetostoma fischeri
X X X Mojica et al. 2006b, Ortega-Lara et al.
Steindachner, 1879
2006ab, Villa-Navarro et al. 2006

Mag-
Cauc
Chaetostoma lepturum Regan,

X X X BMNH 1910.7.11.116–118
1912
Chaetostoma leucomelas CAS 60167 [ex IU 13652], 60168 [ex IU

X X X X X
Eigenmann, 1918 13652]; FMNH 58344
Chaetostoma marginatum
Regan, 1904
Chaetostoma milesi Fowler,

X X X ANSP 69330
1941
Chaetostoma niveum Fowler,

X X X ANSP 71432
1944
Chaetostoma nudirostre Lütken,

X IAvH-P 1984*
1874
Chaetostoma palmeri Regan,

X X X BMNH 1910.7.11.120–121
1912
Chaetostoma patiae Fowler,

X X X ANSP 71716, 71717
1945
Chaetostoma paucispinis
X X X BMNH 1910.7.11.119
Regan, 1912
Chaetostoma tachiraense
Schultz, 1944
Chaetostoma thomsoni Regan,

X X X BMNH 1902.5.15.28-30
1904
Chaetostoma sovichthys
X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005
Schultz, 1944
Chaetostoma vagum Fowler,

X X X ANSP 70521, 70522, 70523-24
1943
FMNH 56052 [ex CM 4842], 56053-54;

Cordylancistrus daguae
(Eigenmann, 1912)
12699]
Cordylancistrus platyrhynchus
X X X ANSP 70512, 70513-15
(Fowler, 1943)
Dekeyseria amazonica Rapp Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Py-Daniel, 1985 2006
Dekeyseria pulchra Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Steindachner, 1915) 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
Dekeyseria scaphyrhyncha
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Kner, 1854)
Dolichancistrus atratoensis
X X X ICNMHN 51, 46 (now apparently 48)
(Dahl, 1960)
FMNH 58350 [ex CM 7346], 58351;

Dolichancistrus carnegiei
X X X CAS 77344 [ex IU 13661], 77345 [ex IU
(Eigenmann, 1916)
13662]
Dolichancistrus fuesslii
X X X NMW 48026
FMNH 58352 [ex CM 7348], 58564-65;

Dolichancistrus pediculatus CAS 58788 [ex IU 13663-64], 58793 [ex
X X X
(Eigenmann, 1918) IU 13927], 58789 [ex IU 13928], 58794
[ex IU 12932], 58820 [ex IU 13920]

Mag-
Cauc
Dolichancistrus setosus
X X X? BMNH 1880.2.26.9-10
(Boulenger, 1887)
Hemiancistrus annectens Mojica et al. 2004, Ortega-Lara et al

X
(Regan, 1904) 2006b
Hemiancistrus guahiborum
Werneke, Armbruster, Lujan & X
al. 2006b
Taphorn, 2005
Hemiancistrus holostictus
X X X X BMNH 1913.10.1.57
Regan, 1913
Hemiancistrus wilsoni
X X X X FMNH 58550 [ex CM 7570], 58551
Eigenmann, 1918
Hypancistrus contradens
Armbruster, Lujan & Taphorn, X IAvH-P 5676*
2007
Hypancistrus lunaorum
Armbruster, Lujan & Taphorn, X IAvH-P 7044*
2007
Lasiancistrus caucanus FMNH 56034 [ex CM 4824], 56035;

X X X X
Lasiancistrus guacharote
X Armbruster 2005
Lasiancistrus heteracanthus Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Günther, 1869) 2006
Lasiancistrus schomburgkii
X Armbruster 2005
(Günther, 1864)
Lasiancistrus tentaculatus
X IAvH-P 5100-5105*
Armbruster, 2005
Leptoancistrus cordobensis Holotype: whereabouts unknown; IMCN

X X X X
Dahl, 1964 233*, 250*
Leporacanthicus galaxias Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
Panaqolus albomaculatus
(Kanazawa, 1958)
Panaque cochliodon
X X X NMW 47297-98
Panaque maccus Schaefer &

X Lasso et al. 2004
Stewart, 1993
Panaque nigrolineatus (Peters,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1877)
Parancistrus sp. X Galvis et al. 2007a
Peckoltia bachi (Boulenger,

X Armbruster 2008
1898)
Peckoltia braueri (Eigenmann,

X Armbruster 2008
1912)
Peckoltia brevis (La Monte,

X Armbruster 2008
1935)

Mag-
Cauc
Peckoltia lineola Armbruster,

X Armbruster 2008
2008
Peckoltia sabaji Armbruster,

X Armbruster 2008
2003
Peckoltia vittata (Steindachner,

X Armbruster 2008
1881)
Pseudacanthicus spinosus Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Castelnau, 1855) 2006
Pseudancistrus orinoco
ICNMHN 1200, 1201; ZMA 119882;
(Isbrücker, Nijssen & Cala, X X
ZMUL 972/3482
1988)
Pseudolithoxus dumus
(Armbruster & Provenzano, X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
2000)
Pseudolithoxus tigris
(Armbruster & Provenzano, X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
2000)
Pseudopimelodidae
Batrochoglanis
Mojica et al. 2004, Ortega-Lara et al
acanthochiroides (Günther, X
2006b
1942)
Batrochoglanis raninus Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Batrochoglanis transmontanus
X X X X BMNH 1910.7.11.105
(Regan, 1913)
Batrochoglanis villosus Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Cephalosilurus apurensis
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Mees, 1978)
Cruciglanis pacifici Ortega-Lara

X X X IMCN 2359; IAvH-P 7505
& Lehmann, 2006
Microglanis iheringi Gomes,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1946
Microglanis poecilus Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Microglanis secundus Mees,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1974
Pseudopimelodus bufonius Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

X X X X
(Valenciennes, 1840) et al. 2005
Pseudopimelodus schultzi
X X X? X X Holotype: No types known
(Dahl, 1955)
Heptapteridae
Brachyrhamdia meesi Sands &

Black, 1985
Cetopsorhamdia boquillae FMNH 55212 [ex CM 3923], 55213 [ex

X X X
Eigenmann & Fisher, 1922 CM 3924]; CAS 63607 [ex IU 15004]

Mag-
Cauc
Cetopsorhamdia nasus
X X X FMNH 58126 [ex CM 7124]
Eigenmann & Fisher, 1916
Cetopsorhamdia molinae Miles, ICNMHN: whereabouts unknown,

X X
1943 probably lost
Cetopsorhamdia orinoco
X Lasso et al. 2004
Schultz, 1944
Cetopsorhamdia phantasia
Stewart, 1985
Cetopsorhamdia picklei Schultz,

B2c X X IAvH-P 3087*, 7969*
1944
Chasmocranus rosae FMNH 55140 [ex CM 3841], 55141

X X X
Eigenmann, 1919 [?CM 3842]; CAS 75751 [ex IU 15019]
Gladioglanis conquistador
Lundberg, Bornbusch & Mago- X Galvis et al. 2007b
Leccia, 1991
Goeldiella eques (Müller & Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Heptapterus mustelinus Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Valenciennes, 1835) 2006
Imparales panamensis Busing,

X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a
1970
Imparfinis microps Eigenmann

X X X FMNH 57793 [ex CM 6776 not 8778]
& Fisher, 1916
Imparfinis nemacheir
X X X X FMNH 58127 [ex CM 7125]
(Eigenmann & Fisher, 1916)
Imparfinis pristos Mees & Cala,

X X ICNMHN 1401, 1402; RMNH 30544
1989
Imparfinis pseudonemacheir
X Lasso et al. 2004
Mees & Cala, 1989
Imparfinis spurrellii (Regan,

X X X BMNH 1913.10.1.41
1913)
Imparfinis stictonotus (Fowler,

1940)
Leptorhamdia marmorata
X Lasso et al. 2004
Myers, 1928
Mastiglanis asopos Bockmann,

1994
Myoglanis koepckei Chang,

1999
Nemuroglanis mariai (Schultz,

X X X USNM 121251
1944)
Phenacorhamdia macarenensis Holotype: whereabouts unknown,

X X X
Dahl, 1961 probably lost
Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata
X IAvH-P 10948*
Zarske 1998
Pimelodella altipinnis Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X

Mag-
Cauc

Pimelodella chagresi
Pimelodella conquetaensis Ahl,

X X X ZMB 32030
1925
Pimelodella cristata (Müller & Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Pimelodella eutaenia Regan,

X X X X X BMNH 1913.10.1.37–40
1913
Pimelodella figueroai Dahl,

X X X Holotype: Probably lost
1961
Pimelodella geryi Hoedeman, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X

Pimelodella gracilis
2006
Pimelodella grisea (Regan, Mojica et al. 2004, Ortega-Lara et al

X
1903) 2006b
Pimelodella hasemani
Eigenmann, 1917
Pimelodella linami Schultz,

1944
Holotype, ICNMHN whereabouts

Pimelodella macrocephala
X X NT X unknown, probably lost; Paratypes: MCZ
(Miles, 1943)
35876; USNM 120157
Pimelodella metae Eigenmann, FMNH 58441 [ex CM 7441 or 7141];

X X X
1917 58442; CAS [ex IU 13768]
Pimelodella modestus (Günther, Mojica et al. 2004, Ortega-Lara et al

X
1860) 2006b
Pimelodella pallida Dahl, 1961 X X X Holotype: Probably lost
Pimelodella reyesi Dahl, 1964 X X X Holotype: whereabouts unknown
Rhamdia humilis (Günther, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1864) 2006
Rhamdia laukidi Bleeker, 1858 X Lasso et al. 2004

Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005,
Rhamdia quelen (Quoy &
X X X X X Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &
Gaimard, 1824)
Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-
Ocampo et al. 2006a
Rhamdella sp. X Galvis et al. 2007b
Pimelodidae
Aguarunichthys inpai Zuanon, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Rapp Py-Daniel & Jégu, 1993 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Bergiara westermanni (Lütken, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1874) 2006

Mag-
Cauc
Brachyplatystoma capapretum Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Lundberg & Akama, 2005 2006

Brachyplatystoma filamentosum A1d,
X X 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
(Lichtenstein, 1819) A2d
& Maldonado-Ocampo 2006

Brachyplatystoma juruense A1d,
(Boulenger, 1898) A2d

Brachyplatystoma platynema A1d,
Boulenger, 1898 A2d

Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii
(Castelnau, 1855)
Brachyplatystoma tigrinum Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Bristki, 1981) 2006

Brachyplatystoma vaillantii A1d,
(Valenciennes, 1840) A2d

Calophysus macropterus
(Lichtenstein, 1819)
Cheirocerus abuelo (Schultz,

1944)
Cheirocerus eques Eigenmann,

1917
Cheirocerus goeldii Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Duopalatinus peruanus
X Lasso et al. 2004
Eigenmann & Allen, 1942

Hemisorubim platyrhynchus

Hypophthalmus edentatus Spix
& Agassiz, 1829
Hypophthalmus fimbriatus Kner, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X

Hypophthalmus marginatus
Valenciennes, 1840
Hypophthalmus oremaculatus Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Nani & Fuster, 1947 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006

Leiarius marmoratus (Gill, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X

Leiarius pictus (Müller &
Troschel, 1849)

Mag-
Cauc
Megalonema orixanthum
X X ANSP 187449 (ex ANSP 148143)
Lundberg & Dahdul, 2008

Megalonema platycephalum
Eigenmann, 1912
Megalonema psammium
Schultz, 1944
FMNH 56032 [ex CM 4822]; AMNH

5340; BMNH 1920.12.20.112-113,
1924.3.3.83-84; CAS 63674-75 [ex IU
Megalonema xanthum
X X X 12681-82]; FMNH 10251, 10284-89,
Eigenmann, 1912
77909, 56032-33, 69818, 95984; MCZ
30961; UMMZ 190406; USNM 76930,
79222, 167852
Perrunichthys perruno Schultz, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X

Phractocephalus hemioliopterus
(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)

Pimelodina flavipinnis
Steindachner, 1877
Pimelodus albofasciatus Mees,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1974

Pimelodus blochii Valenciennes, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X X X X
Pimelodus coprophagus
B2c X Mojica et al. 2002
Schultz, 1944
Pimelodus garciabarrigai Dahl, ICNMHN 744 (perhaps lost). Paratypes:

X X X
1961 ICNMHN 410
Pimelodus grosskopfii
X X X X X NMW 45781-82
Steindachner, 1879
Pimelodus maculatus La Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X X
Cepède, 1803 2006
Pimelodus navarroi Schultz,

1944

Pimelodus ornatus Kner, 1858 X X 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory

Pimelodus pictus Steindachner,
1877
Pimelodus punctatus (Meek & Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica

X
Hildebrand, 1913) et al. 2004

Pinirampus pirinampu (Spix &
Agassiz, 1829)

Mag-
Cauc

Platynematichthys notatus
(Jardine, 1841)
Platysilurus malarmo Schultz,

B2c X Galvis et al. 1997
1944

Platysilurus mucosus (Vaillant,
1880)
Platystomatichthys sturio (Kner, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1858) 2006
Pseudoplatystoma
magdaleniatum Buitrago-Suárez X X A1d X CAS 19165; FMNH 56278, 59234
& Burr, 2007
Pseudoplatystoma metaense
X X X ANSP 146858, 128135, 149541
Buitrago-Suárez & Burr, 2007
Pseudoplatystoma orinocoense
X Buitrago-Suárez & Burr 2007
Buitrago-Suárez & Burr, 2007
Pseudoplatystoma punctifer
(Castelnau, 1855)
Pseudoplatystoma tigrinum A1d,

(Valenciennes, 1840) A2d
FMNH 56223; AUM 28756; CAS

Sorubim cuspicaudus Litmann, A1d,
X X X 150404, 150406; FMNH 60305, 107492;
Burr & Nass, 2000 A2d
INHS 35428

Sorubim elongatus Litmann,
Burr, Smith & Isern, 2001

Sorubim lima (Bloch & A1d,
Schneider, 1801) A2d
Sorubim maniradii Littman, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Burr & Buitrago-Suárez, 2001 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006

Sorubimichthys planiceps (Spix
A2d X X 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
& Agassiz, 1829)

Zungaro zungaro (Humboldt, A1d,
1821) A2d
Ariidae
Notarius bonillai (Miles, 1945) X X X ICNMHN 9873
Doradidae
Acanthodoras cataphractus Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
(Linnaeus, 1758) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Acanthodoras spinosissimus
1888)

Mag-
Cauc

Agamyxis albomaculatus
(Peters, 1877)
2006

Agamyxis pectinifrons (Cope,
1870)
2006

Amblydoras affinis (Kner, 1855) X X
Amblydoras bolivarensis Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Fernández-Yépez, 1968) 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
Amblydoras gonzalezi
Amblydoras hancockii
X IAvH-P 747*, 1075*, 1181*, 2807*
Amblydoras monitor (Cope, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Amblydoras nauticus (Cope, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X

Anadoras grypus (Cope, 1872) X Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al.
2006
Anadoras regani (Steindachner, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1908) 2006
Anduzedoras oxyrhynchus
X Lasso et al. 2004
Centrochir crocodili (Humboldt,

X X X No types known, IAvH-P 7883*
1821)
Centrodoras brachiatus (Cope, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1872) 2006
Doraops zuloagai Schultz, 1944 B2c X Galvis et al. 1997

Doras carinatus (Linnaeus,
1766)
2006
Doras phlyzakion Sabaj Pérez &

X Sabaj-Pérez & Brindelli 2008
Birindelli, 2008

Doras punctatus Kner, 1853 X
Hassar orestis (Steindachner, Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Hemidoras morrisi Eigenmann, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1925 2006
Hemidoras stenopeltis (Kner, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Hypodoras forficulatus Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Leptodoras acipenserinus
X IAvH-P 257*, 258*
(Günther, 1868)

Mag-
Cauc
Leptodoras copei (Fernández- Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Yépez, 1968) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006

Leptodoras juruensis Boulenger,
1898
2006
Leptodoras linnelli Eigenmann,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1912
Leptodoras nelsoni Sabaj, 2005 X X X ANSP 180917
Megalodoras uranoscopus Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, X Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al.
1888) 2006
Nemadoras elongatus Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Boulenger, 1898) 2006
Nemadoras hemipeltis Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
(Eigenmann, 1925) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Nemadoras humeralis (Kner, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Nemadoras leporhinus Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Nemadoras trimaculatus Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
(Boulenger, 1898) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006

Opsodoras boulengeri
2006
Opsodoras morei (Steindachner, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Opsodoras stuebelii Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Opsodoras ternetzi Eigenmann, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Orinocodoras eigenmanni
X Lasso et al. 2004
Myers, 1927

Oxydoras niger (Valenciennes, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Oxydoras sifontesi Fernández- Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et

X
Yépez, 1968 al. 2006b
Physopyxis ananas Sousa &

X X IAvH-P 2106*, 9259*
Rapp Py-Daniel, 2005

Physopyxis lyra Cope, 1871 X
Platydoras armatulus
X X IAvH-P 491*, 859*, 1037*, 6050-6053*

Platydoras costatus (Linnaeus, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X

Mag-
Cauc

Pterodoras granulosus
2006
Pterodoras rivasi (Fernández- Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Yépez, 1950) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Rhinodoras gallagheri Sabaj,

X IAvH-P 3208*
Taphorn & Castillo G., 2008
Rhinodoras thomersoni Thaporn

B2c X Galvis et al. 1997
& Lylyestrom, 1984

Scorpiodoras heckelii (Kner,
1855)
Trachydoras microstomus Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Trachydoras nattereri Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Trachydoras steindachneri Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
(Perugia, 1897) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Auchenipteridae
Ageneiosus atronasus Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006

Ageneiosus brevis Steindachner,
1881
2006

Ageneiosus inermis (Linnaeus, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo
X X
1766) 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b,
Ortega et al. 2006
Ageneiosus magoi Castillo &

X Lasso et al. 2004
Brull, 1989
A1d,
Ageneiosus pardalis Lütken,
A2d, X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, 2006a
1874
B2c
Ageneiosus piperatus Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X

Ageneiosus ucayalensis
Castelnau, 1855
2006

Ageneiosus vittatus
Steindachner, 1908
2006

Auchenipterichthys longimanus
(Günther, 1864)
Auchenipterichthys punctatus Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X

Auchenipterichthys thoracatus
(Kner, 1858)

Mag-
Cauc
Auchenipterus ambyiacus Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Fowler, 1915 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Auchenipterus brachyurus
(Cope, 1878)

Auchenipterus nuchalis (Spix &
Agassiz, 1829)
2006, IAvH-P 5724*
Centromochlus altae Fowler,

X X X ANSP 71700, 71701-04
1945
Centromochlus existimatus Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Mees, 1974 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006

Centromochlus heckelii (De
Filippi, 1853)
2006
Centromochlus megalops Kner,

X X X NMW 47359-60
1858
Centromochlus reticulatus Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
(Mees, 1974) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Centromochlus romani (Mees,

1988)
Entomocorus gameroi Mago-

X Lasso et al. 2004
Leccia, 1984

Epapterus dispilurus Cope,
1878
2006
ANSP 142937, 142938-39, 142940,

Gelanoglanis stroudi Böhlke,
X X 142941; FMNH 83911, 83912; MZUSP
1980
14641
Liosomadoras morrowi Fowler, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1940 2006
Liosomadoras oncinus (Jardine,

1841)
Pseudepapterus cucuhyensis Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Böhlke, 1951 2006
Pseudepapterus hasemani Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X

Tatia aulopygia (Kner, 1858) X X Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo
Tatia dunni Fowler, 1945 X X ANSP 71705, 71706
Lasso et al. 2004, Sarmento-Soares &

Tatia galaxias Mees, 1974 X
Martins-Pinheiro 2008
Tatia gyrina (Eigenmann & Sarmento-Soares & Martins-Pinheiro

X
Allen, 1942) 2008
Tatia intermedia (Steindachner, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X

Mag-
Cauc
Tatia perugiae (Steindachner, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Tetranematichthys quadrifilis
X X Lasso et al. 2004, IAvH-P 9084*
(Kner, 1858)
Tetranematichthys wallacei Vari Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X X
& Ferraris 2006 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
Trachelyichthys decaradiatus
Mees, 1974
Trachelyopterichthys anduzei
Ferraris & Fernandez, 1987

Trachelyopterichthys taeniatus Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo
X X
(Kner, 1858) 2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b,
Ortega et al. 2006
FMNH 57695 [ex CM 6667a], 57696-98;

Trachelyopterus fisheri CAS 52136 [ex IU 13496], 57937 [ex IU
X X X X
(Eigenmann, 1916) 13495], 57938 [ex IU 13497]; USNM
76929
Trachelyopterus insignis
X X X X Syntypes NMW, status unknown

Trachelyopterus galeatus
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Gymnotiformes
Gymnotidae
Electrophorus electricus
X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Gymnotus anguillaris
X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
Hoedeman, 1962
Gymnotus arapaima Albert &

X IAvH-P*
Crampton, 2001
Gymnotus ardilai Maldonado-

X X X IAvHP 3477, 4001
Ocampo & Albert, 2005
Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus,

1758
Gymnotus cataniapo Mago-

Leccia, 1994
Gymnotus choco Albert,

X X X X ICNMHN 6621; NRM 27734
Crampton & Maldonado, 2003
Gymnotus coropinae Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003,

X X
Hoedeman, 1962 Galvis et al. 2007a
Gymnotus curupira Crampton,

X IAvH-P*
Thorsen & Albert, 2005

Mag-
Cauc
Gymnotus henni Albert,

X X X CAS 47290, 217162; FMNH 56793
Crampton & Maldonado, 2003
Gymnotus javari Albert,

X Galvis et al. 2007b, Arbeláez et al. 2008
Crampton & Hagedorn, 2003
Gymnotus pedanopterus Mago-

Leccia, 1994
Gymnotus stenoleucus Mago-

Leccia, 1994
Gymnotus tigre Albert &

X X UF 25552, 128412; ICNMHN 6690
Crampton, 2003
Sternopygidae
Distocyclus conirostris
(Eigenmann & Allen, 1942)
Distocyclus goajira (Schultz,

1949)
Eigenmannia humboldtii
X X X NMW 64988, ?64989
Eigenmannia macrops
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Boulenger, 1897)
Eigenmannia nigra Mago-

Leccia, 1994
Eigenmannia limbata (Schreiner

& Miranda Ribeiro, 1903)
Eigenmannia virescens
X X X X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
Rhabdolichops caviceps
Rhabdolichops troschelli (Kaup,

1856)
Sternopygus aequilabiatus
X X X No types known
(Humboldt, 1805)
Sternopygus astrabes Mago- Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et

X
Leccia, 1994 al. 2006b
Sternopygus dariensis Meek &

Hildebrand, 1916
Sternopygus macrurus (Bloch &

Schneider, 1801)
Sternopygus pejeraton Schultz,

1949
Rhamphichthyidae
Gymnorhamphichthys
hypostomus Ellis, 1912

Mag-
Cauc
Gymnorhamphichthys rondoni
(Miranda Ribeiro, 1920)
Rhamphichthys drepanium
Triques, 1999
Rhamphichthys marmoratus
Castelnau, 1855
Rhamphichthys rostratus
(Linnaeus, 1776)
Hypopomidae
Brachyhypopomus beebi
(Schultz, 1944)
Brachyhypopomus brevirostris
X X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
Brachyhypopomus occidentalis
X X X X BMNH 1914.5.18.94-98
(Regan, 1914)
Brachyhypopomus
pinnicaudatus (Hopkins, 1991)
Hypopomus artedi (Kaup, 1856) X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
Hypopygus lepturus Hoedeman,

1962
Hypopygus neblinae Mago- Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003,

X X
Leccia, 1994 Galvis et al. 2007a
Microsternarchus bilineatus
Steatogenys duidae (La Monte, Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003,

X X
1929) Galvis et al. 2007a
Steatogenys elegans
Stegostenopos cryptogenes
Triques, 1997
Apteronotidae
Adontosternarchus balaneops
(Cope, 1878)
Adontosternarchus clarkae
Mago-Leccia, Lundberg & X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
Baskin, 1985
Adontosternarchus devenanzii
Mago-Leccia, Lundberg & X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
Baskin, 1985
Apteronotus albifrons
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Apteronotus apurensis

Mag-
Cauc
Apteronotus bonapartii
(Castelnau, 1855)
Apterontous cuchillejo (Schultz,

1949)
Apteronotus cuchilllo Schultz,

1949
Apteronotus eschmeyeri de CAS 72115; FMNH 56775-76; IAVH-P

Santana, Maldonado-Ocampo, X X X X 3304; ICNMHN 6741; IMCN 2000;
Severi & Mendes, 2003 USNM 120473
Apteronotus galvisi de Santana,

Maldonado-Ocampo & X X X IAvH-P 8133, 8129, 8130-8132, 8167
Crampton 2007
Apteronotus jurubidae (Fowler,

X X X ANSP 71435
1944)
Apteronotus leptorhynchus
X X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
(Ellis, 1912)
Apteronotus macrostomus
X X X ANSP 70528
(Fowler, 1943)
Apteronotus macrolepis Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Apteronotus magdalenensis Holotype: Probably lost; BMNH

X X C X
(Miles, 1945) 1947.7.1.138; USNM 123795
Apteronotus mariae (Eigenmann FMNH 56774 [ex CM 5594]; CAS

X X X
& Fisher, 1914) 62345 [ex IU 13375]
IAVHP 3996; CAS 72249 [ex IU 13379],

Apteronotus milesi de Santana 72250 [ex IU 13379]); IAVH-P 3997;
X X X
& Maldonado-Ocampo 2005 ICMN 2500; ICNMNH 3155; FMNH
56775, 56776, 56777, 56778
Apteronotus rostratus (Meek &

Hildebrand, 1913)
Apteronotus spurrellii (Regan,

X X X BMNH 1914.5.18.90-93
1914)
Compsaraia compsa (Mago-

Leccia, 1994)
Parapteronotus hasemani (Ellis,

1913)
Platyurosternarchus
macrostomus (Günther, 1870)
Sternarchella schotti
Sternarchella sima Starks, 1913 X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
Sternarchorhamphus muelleri
Sternarchogiton nattereri

Mag-
Cauc
Sternarchorhynchus curvirostris Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003,

X X
(Boulenger, 1887) Galvis et al. 2007b
Sternarchorhynchus mormyrus
Sternarchorhynchus
oxyrhynchus (Müller & X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
Troschel, 1849)
Sternarchorhynchus roseni
Mago-Leccia, 1994
Batrachoidiformes
Batrachoididae
Daector gerringi (Rendahl,

X X X NRM 10651
1941)
Daector quadrizonatus
X X X X FMNH [ex CM 3921] (missing)
(Eigenmann, 1922)
Thalassophryne amazonica Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Steindachner, 1876 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Cyprinodontiformes
Rivulidae
Austrofundulus guajira Hrbek,

X Hrbek et al. 2005
Taphorn & Thomerson 2005
Austrofundulus myersi Dahl, SU 49513, 49513, 68324; DZVU [ex SU

X X X
1958 49513]
Rachovia brevis (Regan, 1912) X X X BMNH 1908.5.14.8
Rachovia hummelincki Beaufort,

X Taphorn & Thomerson 1978
1940
Rachovia maculipinnis (Radda,

X Taphorn & Thomerson 1978
1964)
Rivulus altivelis Huber, 1992 X X X NRM 16548, 14687

Rivulus atratus Garman, 1895 X
2006
Rivulus boehlkei Huber & Fels,

X X X ANSP 139467, 139467
1985
Rivulus corpulentus Thomerson

X X X SU [not CAS] 69692, 53693
& Taphorn, 1993
Rivulus elegans Steindachner,

X X X X X X NMW 60544:1, 60544:2-3, 18893-6
1880
Rivulus elongatus Fles & de Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Rham, 1981 2006
Rivulus leucurus Fowler, 1944 X X X ANSP 71436, 71437-50
Rivulus limoncochae Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X X
Hoedeman, 1962 2006, Galvis et al. 2007a

Mag-
Cauc
FMNH 56997 [ex CM 5813], FMNH

56998-99, 57000-02; CAS 44227 [ex
Rivulus magdalenae Eigenmann
X X X CM 5814a-m; IU 13603], 52234 [ex IU
& Henn, 1916
13606], 52235 [ex IU 13605], 78377 [ex
IU 13606]
NRM 16551, 14683; BMNH

1910.7.11.211-216, 1913.10.1.69-78;
Rivulus pacificus Huber, 1992 X X X X
CAS 76354 [ex IU 13602], 76356 [ex IU
13601]
Rivulus ophiomimus Huber, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1992 2006

Rivulus ornatus Garman, 1895 X
2006

Rivulus rubrolineatus Fels & de
Rham, 1981
2006
Rivulus taeniatus Fowler, 1945 X X X ANSP 71720,71721
Rivulus tessellatus Huber, 1992 X X X ANSP 139468, 168979
Rivulus urophthalmus Günther,

1866
Poeciliidae
Fluviphylax obscurus Costa,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1996
Fluviphylax pygmaeus (Myers

X Lucinda 2003
& Carvalho, 1955)
Gambusia lemaitrei Fowler,

X X X ANSP 71938, 71939-40
1950
FMNH 57007 [ex CM 5823], 57008

[ex CM 5824a-g]; AMNH 22705sw [ex
Neoheterandria elegans Henn,
X X X FMNH 57008], 36481 [ex IU 13612];
1916
CAS 22768 [ex IU 13612]; UMMZ
65232 [ex IU 13612]
Poecilia caucana (Steindachner,

X X X NMW 81128
1880)
Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a, Mojica

Poecilia cuneata Garman, 1895 X
et al. 2004
Poecilia mechthildae Meyer,

X X X MTDF 26473-26476; SMF 28889
Etzel & Bork, 2002
Poecilia orri Fowler, 1943 X Lucinda 2003
Poeciliopsis turrubarensis Mojica et al. 2004, Ortega-Lara et al

X
(Meek, 1912) 2006b
Priapichthys caliensis FMNH 57721 [ex CM 6700a], FMNH [ex

X X X X
(Eigenmann & Henn, 1916) CM 6700b]
CAS 22547 [ex IU 13618], 22560 [ex IU

Priapichthys chocoensis Henn,
X X X 13619]; FMNH 57009; UMMZ 65223 [ex
1916
IU 13619]

Mag-
Cauc
Priapichthys nigroventralis
X X X X FMNH 56045; BMNH 1913.10.1.68
(Eigenmann & Henn, 1912)
FMNH 56045 [ex CM 4835], 54046;

Pseudopoecilia
X X X BMNH 1924.3.3.85-86; CAS 22765 [ex
austrocolumbiana Radda, 1987
IU 12689]; USNM 79205
Pseudopoecilia fria (Eigenmann Mojica et al. 2004, Ortega-Lara et al

X
& Henn, 1914) 2006b
Beloniformes
Belonidae

Belonion apodion Collette, 1966 X
al. 2006b
Belonion dibranchodon Collette, AMNH 20808; MNHN B-2529; USNM

X X X
1966 199463

Potamorrhaphis guianensis 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
(Jardine, 1843) & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-
USNM 210546, 210547, 210861; AMNH

Potamorrhaphis petersi
X X 9619; CAS 27587; MBUCV-V-6132;
Collette, 1974
MNHN 1887-0655-0656

Pseudotylosurus microps
(Günther, 1866)
2006, Galvis et al. 2007ab
Synbranchiformes
Synbranchidae

et al. 2005, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-
Synbranchus marmoratus
X X X X X Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006,
Bloch, 1795
Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006ab,
Ortega et al. 2006
Perciformes
Sciaenidae
Pachypops fourcroi (Lacepède, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1802) 2006
Pachypops trifilis (Müller & Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Troschel, 1849) 2006
Pachyurus gabrielensis Casatti,

X IAvH-P 4761*
2001
Pachyurus junki Soares & Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Casatti, 2000 2006

Pachyurus schomburgkii
Günther, 1860

Mag-
Cauc
Plagioscion magdalenae A1d,

X X X X Syntypes NMW, status unknown
(Steindachner, 1878) A2d

Plagioscion squamosissimus 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
(Heckel, 1840) & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-
Polycentridae

Monocirrhus polyacanthus 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Heckel, 1840 & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et
al. 2006
Cichlidae
Acarichthys heckelii (Müller & Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Troschel, 1849) 2006

Acaronia nassa (Heckel, 1840) X
2006

Acaronia vultuosa Kullander,
1989
Ocampo et al. 2006b
Aequidens biseriatus (Regan,

X X X X BMNH 1913.10.1.80-88
1913)
Aequidens coeruleopunctatus
(Kner & Steindachner, 1863)

Aequidens diadema (Heckel, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Aequidens latifrons NMW Holotype catalogue number

X X X X X
(Steindachner, 1878) unknown
Aequidens metae Eigenmann, CAS 66884 [ex IU 13967], 66983 [ex IU

X X X X
1922 13967]
Aequidens pallidus (Heckel, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1840) 2006
Aequidens potaroensis Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X

Aequidens pulcher (Gill, 1858) X X et al. 2006b, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006a,
Aequidens sapayensis (Regan, Mojica et al. 2004, Ortega-Lara et al

X
1903) 2006b

Aequidens tetramerus (Heckel, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Apistogramma agassizi Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X

Mag-
Cauc
UF 33670, 128785, 33687, 33717; CAS

Apistogramma alacrina
X X X X 50638; ICN-MNHN 6735; NRM 27040,
Kullander, 2004
33375, 36102

Apistogramma bitaeniata
Pellegrin, 1936
2006
Apistogramma cacatuoides Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Hoedeman, 1951 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Apistogramma commbrae Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
(Regan, 1906) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Apistogramma cruzi Kullander, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1986 2006, Ortega et al. 2006
Apistogramma diplotaenia Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Kullander, 1987 2006
Apistogramma eunotus Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Apistogramma geisleri Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Meinken, 1971 2006
Apistogramma hongsloi
X X X NRM 11234, 11235-39
Kullander, 1979
Apistogramma inconspicua Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Apistogramma iniridae
X X X X NRM 11224, 11225-30; IRSNB 15.223
Kullander, 1979
Apistogramma macmasteri NRM 11240, 11241-44; AMNH 22733;

X X X
Kullander, 1979 FMNH 55218 [ex CM 3930]
Apistogramma ortmanni Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Apistogramma pertensis Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Haseman, 1911) 2006
Apistogramma regani Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X

Apistogramma uaupesi
Kullander, 1980
Galvis et al. 2007b
Apistogramma viejita Kullander,

X X X NRM 11231, 11232
1979
Apistogrammoides
X Kulander 2003
pucallpaensis Meinken, 1965

Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Biotodoma cupido (Heckel, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1840) 2006

Mag-
Cauc

Biotodoma wavrini (Gosse, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Ocampo et al. 2006b
Biotecus dicentrarchus ICNMHN 1400; FMNH 85650, 105089;

X
Kullander, 1989 NRM 16662, 37078
Bujurquina huallagae
Kullander, 1986
CAS 34711 [ex IU 15011], 34712 [ex

Bujurquina mariae (Eigenmann,
X X X X IU 15011],66888 [ex IU 13794]; BMNH
1922)
1910.12.20.172

Bujurquina moriorum
Kullander, 1986
2006
Bujurquina ortegai Kullander,

1986
Bujurquina peregrinabunda Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Bujurquina syspilus (Cope, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1872) 2006
Bujurquina vittata (Heckel, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1840) 2006
MSNG 13010 [ex NMW]; NMW 24543-

Caquetaia kraussii
X X X X 53, 75391; SMNS 2596; ZMUC 86;
ZMUO J2756, J2757
Caquetaia myersi (Schultz,

X X USNM 120533, 120534
1944)
Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, 2006a,

Caquetaia umbrifera (Meek &
X X Mojica et al. 2006b, Ortega-Lara et al.
Hildebrand, 1913)

Chaetobranchus flavescens
Heckel, 1840
Chaetobranchus semifasciatus
X IAvH-P 5662*
Steindachner, 1875
Cichla intermedia Machado- Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Allison, 1971 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b

Cichla monoculus Spix & 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Agassiz, 1831 & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-

Cichla orinocensis Humboldt, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Ocampo et al. 2006b

Mag-
Cauc

Cichla temensis Humboldt, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Ocampo et al. 2006b
Cichlasoma amazonarum Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Kullander, 1983 2006, Ortega et al. 2006
Cichlasoma atromaculatum
X X X BMNH 1910.7.11.83-88
Regan, 1912
Cichlasoma bimaculatum Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
(Linnaeus, 1758) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Cichlasoma dimerus (Heckel, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1840) 2006
Cichlasoma gephyrum FMNH 58614 [ex CM 7639], 58615 [ex

X X X
Eigenmann, 1922 CM 7639]; CAS 66956 [ex IU 14171]
Cichlasoma microlepis Dahl,

X X X ICNMHN 95, 95a
1960
Cichlasoma orinocense ANSP 127364, 127364, 127397; FMNH

X X
Kullander, 1983 84008; ?NRM 39282
Cichlasoma ornatum Regan, Mojica et al. 2004, Ortega-Lara et al

X
1905 2006b
Cichlasoma taenia (Bennett,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1831)
Crenicara punctulatum Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Günther, 1863) 2006

Crenicichla alta Eiegenmann,
1912

Crenicichla anthurus Cope,
1872
2006, Galvis et al. 2007ab
Crenicichla geayi Pellegrin,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1903

Crenicichla johanna Heckel, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X

Crenicichla lenticulata Heckel, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Ocampo et al. 2006b

Crenicichla lugubris Heckel, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Crenicichla cf. macrophthalma

X Lasso et al. 2004
Heckel, 1840

Mag-
Cauc
Crenicichla proteus Cope, 1872 X Ortega et al. 2006
Crenicichla reticulata (Heckel,

X Lasso et al. 2004
1840)

Crenicichla saxatilis (Linnaeus, 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Crenicichla strigata Günther, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1862 2006
Crenicichla sveni Ploeg, 1991 X X RMNH 31622, 31623; ZMA 120388

Crenicichla vittata Heckel, 1840 X
2006
Crenicichla wallacii Regan,

1905
Dicrossus filamentosus Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Ladiges, 1958) 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
Dicrossus gladicauda Schindler

X X X MTDF 31312, 33313-18
& Staeck, 2008
Dicrossus maculatus
Steindachner, 1875
Geophagus abalios López- Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Fernández & Taphorn, 2004 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
& Gaimard, 1824) 2006
Geophagus crassilabris
Steindachner, 1876
Geophagus dicrozoster López- Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et

X
Fernández & Taphorn, 2004 al. 2006b
Geophagus megasema Heckel, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1840 2006
Geophagus pellegrini Regan, BMNH 1910.4.11.89, 1910.7 [or

X X X X
1912 4].11.90; MNHN 1912-0061 [ex BMNH]
Geophagus steindachneri
X X X NMW 23289-90
Eigenmann & Hildebrand, 1910

Geophagus surinamensis
(Bloch, 1791)
2006
Geophagus taeniopareius Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et

X
Kullander & Royero, 1992 al. 2006b
Geophagus winemilleri López- Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Fernández & Taphorn, 2004 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Heroina isonycterina Kullander, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1996 2006

Mag-
Cauc

Heros efasciatus Heckel, 1840 X Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et al.
2006

Heros severus Heckel, 1840 X X Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Maldonado-

Hoplarchus psittacus (Heckel,
1840)
Ocampo et al. 2006b
Hypselacara coryphaenoides Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
(Heckel, 1840) Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Hypselecara temporalis Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Günther, 1862) 2006, Ortega et al. 2006
Laetacara flavilabris (Cope, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1870) 2006, Ortega et al. 2006
Laetacara thayeri Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
Mesonauta egregius Kullander ICNMNH 1686 [ex NRM 43043]; FMNH

X X X
& Silvergrip, 1991 92863; NRM 11302, 12280
Mesonauta festivus (Heckel, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X

Mesonauta insignis (Heckel,
1840)

Mesonauta mirificus Kullander
& Silvergrip, 1991
2006
Mikrogeophagus altispinosus
(Haseman, 1911)
Mikrogeophagus ramirezi
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Myers & Harry, 1948)
Pterophyllum altum Pellegrin, Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et

X
1903 al. 2006b
Pterophyllum leopoldi (Gose, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1963) 2006

Pterophyllum scalare (Schultze,
1823)
2006
Satanoperca acuticeps (Heckel, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1840) 2006

Satanoperca daemon (Heckel,
1840)
Ocampo et al. 2006b

Satanoperca jurupari (Heckel,
1840)
2006

Mag-
Cauc
Satanoperca leucosticta (Müller

X Lasso et al. 2004
& Troschel, 1849)
Satanoperca mapiritensis
X Lasso et al. 2004
Satanoperca pappaterra Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
(Heckel, 1840) 2006

Symphysodon aequifasciatus
Pellegrin, 1904
2006
Uaru amphiacanthoides Heckel, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Eleotridae
Microphilypnus amazonicus Lasso et al. 2004, Bogotá-Gregory &

X X
Myers, 1927 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Microphilypnus ternetzi Myers,

1927
Pleuronectiformes
Achiridae
Achiropsis nattereri Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory &

X
Steindachner, 1876 Maldonado-Ocampo 2006
Achirus achirus (Linnaeus, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1758) 2006

Achirus novoa Cervigón, 1982 X
Apionichthys dumerili Kaup, Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

X
1858 2006
Apionichthys menezesi Ramos,

X Lasso et al. 2004
2003
ANSP 176081, 163851-53,163854,

Apionichthys sauli Ramos, 2003 X X X
163855-56; MZUSP 52055; UFPB 3596

Hypoclinemus mentalis 2004, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá-Gregory
X X
Tetraodontiformes
Tetraodontidae
Acero & Polanco 2006, Bogotá-Gregory

Colomesus asellus (Müller &
X & Maldonado-Ocampo 2006, Ortega et
Troschel 1849)
al. 2006

Discussion Andean portions of Peru and Chile). Nonetheless, the fact

that over one-quarter of all Neotropical freshwater fishes
Diversity and composition occur in Colombia is remarkable when one considers the
As noted above, research has documented the presence of size of the landmass of that country relative to the total
a total of 1435 species of fishes from the freshwaters of area of Central and South America.
Colombia. Many of the newly described species originated
in ichthyologically relatively poorly sampled regions of Particularly telling is the number of Colombian
Colombia. Most prominent among these are the fishes species considered within the context of the freshwater
of the Amazonian reaches of the country and to a lesser ichthyofaunas of adjoining regions (Table 3), more so
extent the more thoroughly sampled and studied fishes of when evaluated in terms of relative geographic areas. An
the Río Orinoco basin. Notwithstanding more than two obvious candidate for this comparison is Brazil, a country
centuries of research on the fishes of the trans-Andean that borders Colombia, has to a large degree comparably
drainages, those river systems also continue to yield broad ranges of continental aquatic habitats, and which
new species. Often unappreciated is the fact that many, had its freshwater fish fauna recently summarized. A recent
indeed perhaps the majority, of Neotropical freshwater compendium of the freshwater fishes of Brazil (Buckup et
species described in recent decades were long represented, al. 2007) recognized approximately 2600 species in that
albeit unidentified or misidentified in the collections country. Although the number of continental fish species
of museums, universities, and research centers. Amply known from Brazil (2600 species) is circa 1.9 times the
exemplifying this problem are a series of freshwater fish number of species detailed in this study for Colombia (1435
species from Colombia described in this millennium (e.g., species), the land expanse of Brazil is eight times larger
Apteronotus eschmeyeri de Santana, Maldonado-Ocampo, than that of Colombia. Thus, on a per square kilometer
Severi & Mendes, 2004; Apteronotus milesi de Santana basis, the freshwater fish fauna of Colombia is on the order
& Maldonado-Ocampo, 2005; Cetopsis fimbriata Vari, of 4.3 times more speciose than that of Brazil. One must
Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005; Creagrutus calai, Vari & Harold not read too much into this ratio in light of the numerous
2001; Cruciglanis pacifici, Ortega-Lara & Lehmann uncertainties involving the number of freshwater species
2006; Gymnotus choco and G. henni Albert, Crampton & resident in South America and the often-demonstrated
Maldonado, 2003; Megalonema orixanthum Lundberg & major gaps in our knowledge of their actual geographic
Dahdul 2008; Pseudobunocephalus lundbergi Friel 2008; distributions. Nonetheless, this comparison highlights the
Pseudoplaystoma magdaleniatum, P. metaense and P. species richness of the continental Colombian fish fauna
orinocoense Buitrago-Suárez & Burr 2007). Dozens of even within the context of the South American freshwater
other Colombian freshwater fish species as-of-yet unknown fish ichthyofauna; the richest of any continent. Beyond the
to science undoubtedly await discovery in the collections sheer number of species within Colombia relative to its
of museums and universities around the world.
Leaving aside for the present the possibly numerous fish

species that remain undiscovered and/or undescribed from Table 3. Diversity of fishes of selected South American countries.
Colombian freshwaters, it is noteworthy that the 1435 species
Country # Species Source
known from such habitats represent approximately 5% of
the circa 28,400 valid species of fishes estimated to occur Brazil 2587 Buckup et al. 2007
worldwide in both freshwater and marine environments
(Nelson 2006). In and of itself, this percentage is striking, Colombia 1435 This work
but the totality of Colombian freshwater fishes is all the
Venezuela* 1198 Lasso et al. 2004c
more impressive when considered within the context of
the diversity of fish species known to inhabit the streams, Peru*** 1000 Ortega & Hidalgo 2008
rivers, wetlands, and lakes across the breadth of Central
and South America. Inhabiting those numerous drainage Ecuador 706 Barriga 1991
systems are somewhat less than 5000 recognized species
(Reis et al. 2003; Species of Fishes). Therefore, the drainage Uruguay** 670 Nion et al. 2002
systems of Colombia are home to approximately 29% of Bolivia 635 Ibisch & Merida 2003
the fishes living in all the freshwater systems between the
southern border of Mexico and the southern most portions Argentina 438 López & Miqularena 2005
of Argentina and Chile. Many areas within that broad realm
are admittedly less hospitable for freshwater fishes than Chile 44 Habit et al. 2006
are most regions in Colombia (e.g., deserts of the trans- *Include some euryhaline and marine forms. ** Include marine forms. *** Include exotic species

size, the diversity of major groups of fishes that contribute (e.g., Ctenolucius beani, Vari, 1995: fig. 26). In a comparable
to that fauna is impressive, with these ranging from fashion, species that inhabit the coastal rivers of the Pacific
chondrichthyans to tetraodontiforms. slope of southwestern Colombia such as the Río Patia and
Río Mira basins and sometimes more northerly basins will
Endemic species occasionally also occur in the drainages of Esmeraldas
Province of northwestern Ecuador (e.g., Pseudochalceus
The designations of endemic species in the present work longianalis, Géry, 1972; Pseudocurimata lineopunctata,
(311 species), run the gamut of degrees of certainty. In Vari, 1989: fig. 26). Thus, when using the Checklist it is
some instances, we confidently consider these species as critical to keep in mind that citations of a species as being
true endemics for Colombia based on recent comprehensive restricted to the freshwater systems of Colombia are often at
species-level analyses. Species that we can identify with best a tentative hypothesis based on the present incomplete
certainty as limited to Colombia differ dramatically in the knowledge of the freshwater fishes in the countries of
extent of their distributions within that country. At one northwestern South America. A prime example of the scale
extreme, we have forms with broad distributions through of the uncertainty is the recently reported occurrence of the
several rivers to the west of the Andean Cordilleras (e.g., very distinctive genus Lepidosiren Fitzinger, 1837 in the
Prochilodus magdalenae Steindachner, 1879, in the Ríos Orinoco basin (Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo
Atrato, Cauca, Magdalena, and Sinú). Yet other likely 2006b). Collecting efforts are necessary in the Río Tomo
endemics occur in restricted portions of some of major and adjoining regions in order to confirm the presence of
river basins (e.g., Callichthys fabricioi Román-Valencia, this species in the Orinoco basin. At the same time, the
Lehmann & Muñoz, 1999, Genycharax tarpon Eigenmann, literature is replete with erroneous citations of species
1912, Parodon caliensis Boulenger, 1895, and Apteronotus from a country or region based on misidentifications or
magdalenensis (Miles, 1945) within the Río Magdalena unfamiliarity with recent revisionary publications.
basin; Spatuloricara atratoensis Schultz, 1944, in the Río
Atrato; Malacoglanis gelatinosus Myers & Weitzman, Type localities
1966, in the Río Caquetá; and Apistoloricaria listrorhinos
Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1988, in the Río Meta). The last The preponderance of type locations within the trans-
three of these species have not been collected since their Andean regions of the country reflects the historical
original descriptions (Mojica et al. 2002). Finally, there are emphasis on exploration for fishes in that region, with that
a number of Colombian endemic fish species with known focus extending back to the colonial period (Humboldt
distributions restricted to small rivers such as the Río 1805a,b). A likely primary factor accounting for this
Jurubidá of the Pacific versant [e.g., Apteronotus jurubidae geographic focus was the greater accessibility to that
and Cetopsis jurubidae (Fowler, 1944)]. portion of the country to ichthyological collectors during
that era. This tendency to focus on the fishes of the rivers
More problematic, when it comes to the question of actual of the trans-Andean region continued past independence as
within country endemicity, are species now known solely evidenced by the Steindachner’s publications (1878, 1880)
from Colombia, but that dwell in drainage basins that extend on fishes of the Río Magdalena and Río Cauca basins.
into the territory of other countries. Most significant in that Eigenmann’s collecting expeditions and the publications
regard are the Río Orinoco and Río Amazonas systems resulting from the fishes that he collected (1912, 1913,
and the Lago Maracaibo basin. The ichthyofaunas in those 1914a, 1914b, 1914c, 1917a,b, 1920a, 1920b, 1921,
major systems are far from well known; a generality that 1924) similarly largely focused on the regions west of
particularly applies to the Orinoco and Amazon basins, the Cordillera Occidental. As would be expected from its
most notably the latter. Many often speciose genera in geomorphological complexity, the trans-Andean regions
these basins are still poorly resolved taxonomically at the has a proportionally high number of discrete river systems
species level and with species distributions inadequately that are home to a high percentage of endemic species; a
demarcated. In these instances, there is a distinct possibility factor that further increases the number of species known
that a species now known only from the Colombian portions from the western drainages.
of one of those basins actually has a distribution extending
into Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela or some combination Type localities for a number of species are inexact or in
of those countries (Amazon basin) or into Venezuela some instances incorrect, an issue that complicates the
(Río Orinoco or Lago Maracaibo basins). Similarly, it determination of species ranges. Resolution of the identity
is also possible that species now reported only from far of various species is further complicated by type series
northwestern Colombia (Río Atrato basin), might extend that are in poor condition or in some instances unknown.
into Panama or beyond. Such trans-border distributions The problem of lost type series of Colombian fishes is
occur in some freshwater species analyzed in recent years particularly prevalent among the species described by

Dahl and Miles. As discussed by Cala (1981) and apparent within the mainstream of the Río Casiquiare serves as
from the information in the Checklist, many type series a semi-filter to ichthyofaunal exchange between the
of species described by those authors remain missing Orinoco and Amazon basins (Winemiller et al. 2008) with
notwithstanding attempts to locate that material by Cala consequent differences in those faunas. As in apparent
and other Colombian ichthyologists. It seems unlikely that from Figure 1, the Colombian portions of the Río Orinoco
these series are still extant other than for paratypes of some include a complex of large river systems (Ríos Guaviare,
of Mile’s species that he deposited in North American Inírida, Meta, Arauca, Tomo, Tuparro). Some of these
collections. Resolution of many systematic problems drain lower elevation regions of the Orinoco basin (e.g.,
involving the affected nominal freshwater species, thus, Río Tomo) whereas others extend to the Andes (e.g., Río
necessitates the collection of new, preferably topotypic, Guaviare). In a preliminary study, Lasso et al. (2004b)
samples in order that those nominal species can be delimited 18 biogeographic regions within the Orinoco
thoroughly redescribed. basin based on differences in the composition of the fish
fauna. Of that total, nine regions fall within the Colombian
Why so many species? portion of the Orinoco basin. The underlying differences
in the ichthyofauna across that region in combination
Many factors contribute to the relative richness of with geographical gradients, complex hydrology, and
the Colombian fish fauna, with a few of likely major history contribute to the significant degree of species-
importance. Paramount among these is the large number level endemicity in the Orinoco basin. That river system
of independent drainage systems that fall, at least in is consequently a major contributor to the total number of
part, within the boundaries of the country. Not only does species in the Colombian ichthyofauna (Lasso et al. 2004a;
Colombia include within its borders the Río Magdalena, Galvis et al. 2007a).
by far the largest river system of trans-Andean South
America, but it also encompasses significant portions of The final and smallest of the cis-Andean Colombian
several major cis-Andean drainage basins. Particularly river systems is the Río Catatumbo that lies within the
prominent is the Amazon basin, with the mainstream southwestern portion of the Lago Maracaibo basin. The
Río Amazonas forming the boundary of the far southern fishes in the river systems of the Lago Maracaibo basin are
reaches of Colombia. Equally important in terms of the all specifically distinct for those groups of fishes recently
contributions of that basin to the overall national fish comprehensively revised. Notwithstanding its relatively
fauna is the fact that the remaining Amazonian portions small size, the Río Catatumbo, thus, contributes a number
of Colombia encompass headwaters of both the western of species to the Colombian fish fauna.
tributaries of the main Amazon River (Río Putumayo,
Río Caquetá and its tributary Río Apaporis) and the Río The trans-Andean region of Colombia had a particularly
Negro, the major northern tributary of the Amazon. The complex geological history (Hoorn et al. 1995). Tectonic
Río Putumayo and Río Caquetá differ to varying extents events associated with the uplift of the Andean cordilleras
in the composition of their fish faunas from the Río Negro produced multiple now isolated trans-Andean river systems,
and its tributaries the Río Vaupés and Río Guainía and to albeit with differing levels of possible interconnectedness
degrees from the ichthyofauna of the mainstream Amazon. in the past. In size, these drainages range from the
Thus, each of these river systems (Ríos Caquetá, Negro, northern-flowing Río Magdalena, the largest drainage in
and Putumayo) contributes many unique species to the trans-Andean South America, through intermediate sized
totality of the Colombian freshwater fish fauna. rivers such as to Río Atrato, to the numerous smaller rivers
and streams that drain the Pacific and Caribbean versants
The more northerly portions of the eastern reaches of of Colombia.
Colombia also include a major portion of the species
rich Río Orinoco basin. The expanses of the Río Orinoco Superimposed on the topographic changes in Colombia and
system include a diversity of habitat types and the basin adjoining regions were major shifts in climatic conditions
has a complex geological history including a broad through time (Baker et al. 2001). Shifts in climate resulted,
connection with the Rio Amazonas system until the in turn, in episodic expansions and contractions of habitat
Miocene (Hoorn 1994; Hoorn et al. 1995). The tectonically suitable for the different groups of fishes within the then
driven separation of the Orinoco and Amazon presumably extant drainage basins (Fernández & Schaefer 2005; Smith
set the stage for the subsequent evolution of the significant & Bermingham 2005). The synergy of these large-scale
differences in the composition of the ichthyofaunas in geomorphological and climatic factors set the stage for the
those basins. Although the species rich Río Orinoco is evolution of the numerous species of fishes now that are
connected to the south-flowing Rio Negro of the Amazon endemic to varying geographic scales within the drainage
basin via the Río Casiquiare, the gradient in water types basins of Colombia.

Further contributing to the species-level richness of the wetlands barely above sea level along the lower reaches of
continental Colombian fish fauna is the diversity of water the streams and rivers draining the Caribbean and Pacific
types in the drainages of the country. Underlying soil types slopes of the country. Similar lentic systems are common
varying in acidity, dissolved solids, and available nutrients in the llanos (floodplains) of the Río Orinoco basin and
result in often dramatically different water chemistries both in Amazonian lowlands. Yet other species are adapted for
between and within river basins. Major drainage system life in the more rapidly flowing mid-elevation rivers and
types include white water streams and rivers carrying streams of the piedmonts of the Andean Cordilleras and
significant suspended sediment loads eroded from the isolated uplands such as the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
slopes of the Andes and piedmont uplands, various clear and the Serranias de La Macarena and Chiribiquete. At the
water drainages, and acidic blackwater rivers that course other extreme are dozens of species with the morphological,
through and drain lowland rain forests. Many fish species physiological, and behavioral adaptations prerequisite for
are specialized physiologically and anatomically for life dwelling in the swift-flowing Andean rivers and streams in
in particular water types; an association reflected in their the western, central, and eastern cordilleras (Maldonado-
geographic distributions. This results in major shifts in the Ocampo et al. 2005) and the Sierra Nevada de Santa
composition of fish faunas at both the species and generic Marta. Differences in stream structure often correlate with
levels between rivers of different water types. Pronounced elevational gradients and further influence the distribution of
ranges in the relative fish biomass often parallel the many species. The sum of the differences in velocity, water
differences in water types. These phenomena of varying temperature, and primary productivity across the drainage
community composition and relative biomass occur to systems of Colombia result in fish communities that differ
differing degrees across the spectrum from major river not only in species-level richness and composition, but
systems (e.g., the black water Rio Negro, Goulding et al. also in overall fish biomass.
1988) to much more limited drainage scales, sometimes
with variation even within smaller river basins (Arbeláez Future Directions
et al. 2008).
Neotropical ichthyology is a dynamic research field with
Soil types not only affect water chemistry and levels the pace of formal descriptions of new species of freshwater
of suspended solids, but directly influence the form of fishes accelerating (over 80 new species described during
the riparian vegetation (e.g., rainforest versus savanna) 2007; Catalog of Fishes). Some of the new species described
bordering water bodies; variation that, in turn, has in recent years originated from locations within Colombia.
consequences for the ichthyofauna. Alternative types In many other instances, the samples of the new nominal
of vegetation along margins of watercourses result in forms originated from portions of the Río Orinoco, Río
different degrees of shading, a factor affecting the presence Amazonas, and Lago Maracaibo basins variably proximate
versus absence of some species of fishes. Differing forms to the borders of Colombia. The distribution of many of
of riparian vegetation also determine the type and levels these species likely extends into Colombia notwithstanding
of allochthonous animal and plant items input into water the present lack of records from that country.
bodies. Many species of fishes are specialized to exploit
particular types of animals and plant matter that falls into Arriving at a definitive listing of the species of fishes
streams and water bodies, with alternative food items inhabiting Colombian freshwaters is a long-term endeavor
leading to differences in fish community composition. necessitating progress along two primary fronts. Attaining
Similarly, variation in the type of plants bordering a water that goal first requires a thorough sampling of all continental
body results in differences in substrates and subaquatic aquatic systems in Colombia. Various freshwater systems in
habitat complexity (leaves and woody detritus of differing Colombia, particularly in the vast cis-Andean region remain
scales; varying degrees of submerged parts of terrestrial inadequately collected ichthyologically. Nonetheless, we
plants along water margins) utilized by different species must not lose sight of the fact that even river systems that
of fishes. Those allochthonous factors further contribute to have been long the foci of ichthyological sampling continue
differences in the composition of fish communities. to yield new species of fishes. Equally, or more, critical for
arriving at an approximation of the species-level diversity
The range in topographic relief within Colombia results are comprehensive revisionary studies encompassing
in pronounced differences in water conditions beyond all genera and families living in Colombian and indeed
water chemistry and is yet another factor contributing to Neotropical freshwaters (Vari & Malabarba 1998). Recent
the speciose nature of the freshwater ichthyofauna of the comprehensive species-level analyses have demonstrated
country. Numerous of the species of freshwater fishes in that forms previously believed to have broad geographic
that fauna are specialized for the lentic water conditions distributions in Colombia and adjoining countries are in
common in the rivers, ciénagas (ponds and swamps), and many instances instead multi-species complexes (e.g.,

the multiple species in what was previously recognized species between separate drainage systems, pollution from
as Creagrutus beni Vari & Harold 2001: 78). Revisionary diverse sources, impoundments, mining activities either
studies on that scale furthermore often reveal that long directly in river channels or causing increased siltation,
recognized species sometimes dramatically underestimate diversion of water for agricultural, domestic, and industrial
the actual number of species present in a genus. One example purposes, deforestation with consequent changes in annual
involves the 67 now recognized species of Creagrutus; a flow patterns and water quality within drainage basins, and
number three and one-half times the 19 species recognized numerous other smaller scale impacts.
in the genus prior to 1994 (Harold & Vari 1994; Vari &
Harold 2001; Vari & Lima 2003; Ribeiro et al. 2004; Incomplete data hampers our efforts to estimate the
Torres-Mejía & Vari 2005). Comprehensive revisions are true scale of these anthropogenic impacts at both local
also invaluable in furthering the identification of additional and national scales. Nonetheless, available information
previously unrecognized species by subsequent researchers indicates that some Colombian fish species have gone
(Reis 2004); a phenomenon illustrated for Colombia by extinct (Rhizosomichthys totae, Mojica et al. 2002;
Creagrutus (Torres-Mejía & Vari 2005). Trichomycterus venulosus, Prada-Pedreros et al. 2006;
Notarius bonillai, Acero & Betancur 2006) and that many
Conservation challenges are threatened (Mojica et al. 2002). Many threatened
species had historically limited geographic ranges and
Any compendium of the ichthyofauana of any major region likely smaller populations, factors that increased their
in the Neotropics will at present underestimate the actual vulnerability to habitat modification, fisheries, and other
species-level diversity. The degree to which the count of deleterious human activities. Alternatively, anthropogenic
freshwater fish species in this Checklist falls short of the activities adversely affected other endangered species
actual total is impossible to estimate given the dramatically notwithstanding their originally extensive populations and
speciose nature of the fish fauna, most of which has yet- relatively broad distributional ranges (see Mojica et al.
to-be critically analyzed. Compounding the problem 2002).
are the major regions of the country and specialized
habitats (e.g., deep river channels) that remain unexplored An understanding of the diversity of the freshwater
ichthyologically to varying degrees. Notwithstanding ichthyofauna of Colombia is crucial so that scientists,
those limitations, the evidence at hand demonstrates that policy makers, resources managers, and members of the
many of the fish species reported from the rivers, streams, public can better evaluate the impact of man’s activities
wetlands, and lakes of Colombia are threatened to varying on the freshwater fishes within the country. Although
degrees, a pervasive problem for freshwater ichthyofaunas still incomplete, this Checklist provides as a baseline for
world-wide (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005; continuing studies of Colombian inland fishes. Future
Revenga et al. 2005). Indeed, the evidence documents research will result in additions to, and refinements of, our
that freshwater fishes are the most threatened group knowledge of that species-level diversity of that fauna,
of vertebrates across the world (Dudgeon et al. 2005; major components of which remain poorly understood or
Chapman et al. 2008). Deleterious anthropogenic activities in many instances unknown. This listing will also provide
impacting the Colombian freshwater ichthyofauna include the foundation for additional studies of all aspects of the
overfishing for human consumption and the aquarium ecology, life history, conservation, and sustainable use of
trade, introductions of exotic species, movement of native the freshwater ichthyofauna of Colombia.
Acknowledgments
The Alexander von Humboldt Institute funded research associated with the project during the last four years (JAM). The
Herbert R. and Evelyn Axelrod Chair in Systematic Ichthyology supported this project at the National Museum of Natural
History, Smithsonian Institution (RPV). WWF Switzerland and WWF Colombia financed several investigations that provided
information for this project within the framework of the project “Conservation and sustainable management of the freshwater
biodiversity in Amazon – Orinoco transitional zone” (JSU). JAM is grateful to CNPq-TWAS Postgraduate Fellowships
program for support during this project. We are indebted to three anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions on the
manuscript. Leidy Johanna Cuadros and César Freddy Suárez from the SIG of WWF Colombia developed the map.

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zzi da Silva, R. P. Vari, A. Harold, R. Benine, O. dos M.C., F. Trujillo (eds.). Fauna acuática en
T. Oyakawa, C. S. Pavanelli, N. A. Menezes, C. la Orinoquia colombiana. Instituto de Estudios
A. S. Lucena, M.C. S. L. Malabarba, Z. M. S. Ambientales para el Desarrollo Departamento
Lucena, R. E. Reis, F. Langeani, L. Casatti, V. de Ecología y Territorio, Pontificia Universidad
A. Bertaco, C. Moreira, P. H. F. Lucinda. (2003). Javeriana. Bogotá
Genera Incertae Sedis in Characidae. pp. 106-
169 En: Reis R. E, S. O. Kullander, C. F. Ferraris Maldonado-Ocampo J. A., J. S. Albert. (2003). Species
Jr. (eds.). Check List of the Freshwater fishes of diversity of gymnotiforms fishes (Gymnoti-
South and Central America. Edipucrs, Porto Ale- formes, Teleostei) in Colombia. Biota Colombi-
gre, Brasil ana 4(2):147-166

Maldonado-Ocampo J. A., J. S. Usma. (2006). Estado del Economía Nacional, Seccion de Piscicultura,
conocimiento sobre peces dulceacuícolas en Co- Pesca y Caza. Bogotá, 214pp + xxviii
lombia Tomo II. pp.174-194 En: Chávez M.E.,
M. Santamaría (eds). Informe Nacional sobre Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). Ecosystems
el avance en el conocimiento y la información and human well-being: Synthesis. Island Press.
sobre la biodiversidad 1998-2004 Instituto de Washington, D.C., 137pp.
Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt,
Bogotá D.C. Mojica J. I. (1999). Lista preliminar de las especies de
peces dulceacuícolas de Colombia. Revista de
Maldonado-Ocampo J. A., F. A. Villa-Navarro, A. Or- la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exac-
tega-Lara, S. Prada-Pedreros, U. Jaramillo, A. tas, Físicas y Naturales 23 (Suplemento Espe-
Claro, J. S. Usma, T. S. Rivas, W. Chaverra, J. F. cial):547-565
Cuesta, J. E. García-Melo. (2006a). Peces del río
Atrato, zona hidrogeográfica del caribe, Colom- Mojica J. I., C. Castellanos, P. Sánchez-Duarte, C. Díaz.
bia. Biota Colombiana 7(1):143-154 (2006a). Peces de la cuenca del río Ranchería, La
Guajira, Colombia. Biota Colombiana 7(1):129-
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ory, C. A. Lasso, L. Vásquez, J. S. Usma, D.
Taphorn, F. Provenzano. (2006b). Peces del río Mojica J. I., G. Galvis, F. Arbeláez, P. Sánchez-Duarte, C.
Tomo, cuenca del Orinoco, Colombia. Biota Co- Castellanos, F. A. Villa-Navarro. (2006b). Peces
lombiana 7(1):113-128 del valle medio del río Magdalena, Colombia.
Biota Colombiana 7(1):23-38
Maldonado-Ocampo J. A., A. Ortega-Lara, J. S. Usma
Oviedo, G. Galvis, F. Villa-Navarro, L. Vásquez, Mojica J. I., G. Galvis, F. Arbeláez, M. Santos, S. Veja-
S. Prada-Pedreros, C. A. Rodríguez. (2005). rano, E. Prieto-Piraquive, M. Arce, P. Sánchez-
Peces de los Andes de Colombia. Guía de cam- Duarte, C. Castellanos, A. Gutiérrez, S. R.
po. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Bi- Duque, J. Lobón-Cerviá, C. Granado-Lorencio.
ológicos “Alexander von Humboldt,” Bogotá, (2005). Peces de la cuenca del río Amazonas en
Colombia, 346pp. Colombia: Región de Leticia. Biota Colombiana
6(2):191-210
Mautari K. C., N. A. Menezes. (2006). Revision of the
South American freshwater fish genus Laemolyta Mojica J. I., S. Usma, G. Galvis. (2004). Peces dulceacuí-
Cope, 1872 (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Anos- colas del Chocó Biogeográfico – Catálogo. pp.
tomidae). Neotropical Ichthyology 4(1):27-44 725-744 En: Rangel O. (ed.). Colombia diversi-
dad biótica IV: El Chocó Biogeográfico / Costa
Mejía-Falla P. A., A. F. Navia, L. M. Mejía-Ladino, A. Pacífica. Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Acero, E. A. Rubio. (2007). Tiburones y rayas Bogotá, D.C.
de Colombia (Pisces Elasmobranchii): lista ac-
tualizada, revisada y comentada. Boletín de In- Mojica J. I., C. Castellanos, J. S. Usma, R. Álvarez (eds.)
vestigaciones Marinas y Costeras 36:111-149 (2002). Libro Rojo de peces dulceacuícolas de
Colombia. La serie Libros Rojos de Especies
Menezes N. A. (2006). Description of five new species of Amenazadas de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias
Acestrocephalus Eigenmann and redescription Naturales Universidad Nacional de Colombia,
of A. sardina and A. boehlkei (Characiformes: Ministerio del Medio Ambiente. Bogotá, Colom-
Characidae). Neotropical Ichthyology 4(4):385- bia, 285pp.
400
Nelson J. S. (2006). Fishes of the World. John Wiley &
Miles C. (1943). Estudio económico y ecológico de los Sons. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, 624pp.
peces de agua dulce del Valle del Cauca. Publi-
caciones de la Secretaria de Agricultura del De- Nion H., C. Ríos, P. Meneses. (2002). Peces del Uruguay.
partamento del Valle. Imprenta Departamental, Lista sistemática y nombres comúnes. DINARA
Cali, Colombia, 97pp. – INFOPESCA, Montevideo, Uruguay, 105pp.
Miles C. (1947). Los peces del río Magdalena (“A field Ortega H., M. Hidalgo. (2008). Freshwater fishes and
book of Magdalena Fishes). Ministerio de la aquatic habitats in Peru: Current knowledge and

conservation. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Man- Reis R. (2004). Otocinclus cocama, a new uniquely col-
agement 11(3):257-271 ored loricariid catfish from Peru (Teleostei: Silu-
riformes), with comments on the impact of tax-
Ortega H., J. I. Mojica, J. C. Alonso, M. Hidalgo. (2006). onomic revisions to the discovery of new taxa.
Listado de los peces de la cuenca del río Putu- Neotropical Ichthyology 2(3):109-115
mayo en su sector colombo – peruano. Biota Co-
lombiana 7(1):95-112 Reis R. E., P. Le Bail, J. H. A. Mol. (2005). New ar-
rangement in the synonymy of Megalechis Reis,
Ortega-Lara A., P. A. Lehmann. (2006). Cruciglanis, a 1997 (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae). Copeia
new genus of pseudopimelodid catfish (Ostar- 2005:678-682
iophysi: Siluriformes) with description of a new
species from the Colombian Pacific coast. Neo- Reis R. E., S. O. Kullander, C. J. Ferraris Jr. (eds). (2003).
tropical Ichthyology 4(2):147-156 Check list of the freshwater fishes of South and
Central America. Edipucrs, Porto Alegre, Brasil,
Ortega-Lara A., J. S. Usma, P. A. Bonilla, N. L. Santos. 729pp.
(2006a). Peces de la cuenca alta del río Cauca,
Colombia. Biota Colombiana 7(1):39-54 Revenga C., I. Campbell, R. Abell, P. de Villiers, M.
Beyer. (2005). Prospects for monitoring fresh-
Ortega-Lara A., J. S. Usma, P. A. Bonilla, N. L. Santos. water ecosystems towards the 2010 targets.
(2006b). Peces de la cuenca del río Patía, ver- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
tiente del Pacífico colombiano. Biota Colombi- B 360:397-413
ana 7(2):179-190
Ribeiro, A. C., R. C. Benine, C. A. Figueiredo. (2004).
Oyakawa O.T. (2003). Erythrinidae (Trahiras). pp 238- A new species of Creagrutus Günther (Teleostei:
240 En: Reis R. E, S. O. Kullander, C. F. Ferraris Ostariophysi: Characiformes) from the upper
Jr. (eds.). Check List of the Freshwater fishes Rio Paraná basin, central Brazil. Journal of Fish
of South and Central America. Edipucrs, Porto Biology 64:597-611
Alegre, Brasil
Román-Valencia C., A. J. Vanegas-Ríos, R. I. Ruiz-C.
Papavero N. (1971). Essays on the history of Neotropical (2008). Una nueva especie de pez del género
Dipterology, with special reference to collectors Bryconamericus (Ostariophysi: Characidae)
(1870-1905). MZUSP, São Paulo, vol 1, 446pp. del río Magdalena, con una clave para las espe-
cies de Colombia. Revista de Biologia Tropical
Posada A. (1909). Los peces. pp 285-322 En: Estudios 56(4):1749-1763
cientificos del doctor Andres Posada con algunos
otros escritos suyos sobre diversos temas, Im- Sabaj M. H. (2005). Taxonomic assessment of Leptodo-
prenta Oficial, Medellín ras (Siluriformes: Doradidae) with descriptions
of three new species. Neotropical Ichthyology
Prada-Pedreros S., C. A. Rivera-Rondón, J. Guerrero- 3(4):637-678
Kommritz. (2006). Trichomycterus venulosus
(Steindachner, 1915): possible extinct species Sabaj-Pérez M. H., J. L. O. Birindelli. (2008). Taxonomic
from the Páramo de Cruz Verde (Cundinamarca, revision of extant Doras Lacepède, 1803 (Silu-
Colombia). Biota Colombiana 7(1):163-166 riformes: Doradidae) with descriptions of three
new species. Proceedings of the Academy of Nat-
Regan C. T. (1905). On drawings of fishes of the Rio ural Sciences of Philadelphia 157:189-233
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London 1905:189-190 de Santana C. D., J. A. Maldonado-Ocampo. (2005). A
new species of ghost knifefish (Otophysi: Gym-
Regan C. T. (1913). The fishes of the San Juan River, Co- notiformes: Apteronotidae) from the Cauca
lombia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History River, Colombia. Ichthyological Exploration of
Series 8 12:462-473 Freshwater 16(3):223-230
Regan C. T. (1914). Fishes from the Condoto River, Colom- de Santana C. D., J. A. Maldonado-Ocampo, W. Severi,
bia, collected by Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell Annals and G.N. Mendes. (2004). Apteronotus eschmey-
Magazine of Natural History Series 8 14:31-33 eri a new species of ghost knifefish from the

Magdalena Basin, Colombia (Gymnotiformes: Torres-Mejía M., R. P. Vari. (2005). New species of Cre-
Apteronotidae). Zootaxa 410:1-11 agrutus (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae)
from the Río Magdalena basin, Colombia. Co-
Sarmento-Soares L. M., R. F. Martins-Pinheiro. (2008). peia 2005:812-817
A systematic review of Tatia (Siluriformes:
Auchenipteridae: Centromochlinae). Neotropi- Vari R. P. (1989). Systematics of the Neotropical characi-
cal Ichthyology 6(3):495-542 form genus Pseudocurimata Fernández-Yépez
(Pisces: Ostariophysi). Smithsonian Contribu-
Schindler I., W. Staeck. (2008). Dicrossus gladicauda sp. tions to Zoology 490:1-28
n. – a new species of crenicarine dwarf cichlids
(Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Co- Vari R. P. (1995). The Neotropical fish family Ctenolucii-
lombia, South-America. Vertebrate Zoology dae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes): su-
58(1):67-73 pra and intrafamilial phylogenetic relationships,
with a revisionary study. Smithsonian Contribu-
Sidlauskas B.L., J.C. Garavello, J. Jellen. (2007). A new tions to Zoology 564:1-97
Schizodon (Characiformes: Anostomidae) from
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of S. isognathus from the Río Paraguay System. Tetranematichthys (Auchenipteridae). Copeia
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Akademie deer Wissenschaften, Wien 39:19-78, the Rio Uaupés basin, Brazil. Copeia 2003:583-
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Steindachner F. (1880). Zur Fisch-Fauna des Cauca und Vari R. P., L. Malabarba. (1998). Neotropical Ichthyolo-
der Flüsse bei Guayaquil. Denkschriften der gy: An overview. pp. 23-142 En: L. Malabarba,
Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe R. Reis, R. P. Vari, C. Lucena, M. Lucena. (eds.).
der Kaiserlichen Akademie deer Wissenschaften, Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical
Wien 42:55-104, pls. 1-9 Fishes. Edipucrs, Porto Alegre, Brasil
Toledo-Piza M. (2000). The Neotropical Fish Subfamily Villa-Navarro F. A., P. T. Zúñiga-Upegui, D. Castro-Roa,
Cynodontinae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characi- J. E. García-Melo, L. J. García-Melo, M. E.
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Cynodon and Rhaphiodon. American Museum cuenca del río Magdalena, Colombia. Biota Co-
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cies. Ichthyological Explorations of Freshwaters Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil,
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Winemiller K. O., H. López-Fernández, D. C. Taphorn, Zanata A. M., M. Toledo-Piza (2004). Taxonomic revi-
L. G. Nico, A. Barbarino Duque. (2008). Fish as- sion of the South American fish genus Chalceus
semblages of the Casiquiare River, a corridor and Cuvier (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes)
zoogeographical filter for dispersal between the with the description of three new species. Zoo-
Orinoco and Amazon basins. Journal of Bioge- logical Journal of the Linnean Society 140:103-
ography 35:1551-1563 135
Genycharax tarpon
Recibido: 28/11/2008
Aceptado: 24/12/2008

Guía para autores -301
Guía para autores

(ver también: http://www.humboldt.org.co/biota)
Preparación del manuscrito

Los autores que deseen hacer sus contribuciones a Biota Colombiana pueden someter sus documentos a través de correo electrónico, o enviando por correo una
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listados (a manera de tabla) deben ser elaborados en una hoja de cálculo (preferiblemente Excel). Para someter un manuscrito es necesario anexar una carta de
intención en la que se indique claramente:
1. Nombre(s) completo(s) del(os) autor(es), y direcciones para envío de correspondencia (es indispensable suministrar una dirección de correo electrónico para
comunicación directa)
2. Titulo completo del Manuscrito
3. Nombres, tamaños y tipos de archivos suministrados
4. Lista de mínimo 2 o 3 revisores1 que puedan evaluar el manuscrito, con sus respectivas direcciones.
Estructura de los listados:

Biota Colombiana es una publicación bilingüe, con sus contenidos en español e inglés. Los autores deben presentar sus manuscritos en los dos idiomas según sea el
caso. Biota Colombiana está organizada en seis secciones: 1) Listados taxonómicos; 2) Análisis cladísticos; 3) Estudios biogeográficos; 4) Claves de identificación;
5) Noticias y comentarios de colecciones e instituciones y 6) Reseñas y Novedades bibliográficas. (Para mayores detalles por favor visitar la página web http://
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Los manuscritos sometidos serán revisados por pares científicos calificados cuya respuesta final de evaluación puede ser: a) Aceptado (en cuyo caso se asume que
no existe ningún cambio, omisión u adición al artículo, y que se recomienda su publicación en la forma actualmente presentada); b) Aceptación Condicional (se
acepta y recomienda el artículo para su publicación solo sí se realizan los cambios indicados por el evaluador); y c) Rechazo (en el cual el evaluador considera que
los contenidos y/o forma de presentación del artículo no se ajustan al esquema de publicación de Biota Colombiana).
LISTA DE INSTRUCCIONES
- Para la presentación del manuscrito configure las páginas de los textos en tamaño carta, márgenes de 2,5cm en todos los lados, doble espacio y alineación hacia
la izquierda (incluyendo título y bibliografía).
- Las tablas donde se presentan los listados taxonómicos, no necesitan de una configuración de página específica. Simplemente se requiere que todas las columnas
estén dentro de una misma página (no se aceptan columnas en páginas separadas). Evite el uso de bordes de cualquier tipo en la edición de las tablas.
- ?En la construcción de las tablas use encabezados para las columnas UNICAMENTE en la primera hoja. Continúe siempre las tablas en hojas nuevas con
registros nuevos; NUNCA corte la información de un registro para continuarlo en una nueva página.
- Las figuras deben estar a una resolución de 300 dpi y en formato .jpg, .eps ó .tiff
- Utilice como fuente Times New Roman o Arial, tamaño 12, en todos los textos. Para tablas cambie el tamaño de la fuente a 10. Géneros y especies en itálica.
Evite el uso de negritas o subrayados;.
- -Todas las páginas de texto (a excepción de la primera correspondiente al título), deben numerarse en la parte inferior - derecha de la hoja.
- Cada referencia de la bibliografía debe estar citada en el texto, y viceversa. Para citar un autor use: Gómez (1995) o (Gómez 1995); para dos autores: Otero
& Blum (1970) o (Otero & Blum 1970); para más de dos autores: Silva et al. (1998) o (Silva et al. 1998). Para citar varias referencias al final de una frase
ordénelas cronológicamente, de la más antigua a la más reciente, y luego ordénelas alfabéticamente: (Otero & Blum 1970; Gómez 1995; MacArthur 1995;
Silva et al. 1998); utilice este mismo esquema para citar varias veces un mismo autor: Santos (1995, 1997), o (Santos 1995, 1997), o en medio de varias citas:
(Otero & Blum 1970; Santos 1995, 1997; Silva et al. 1998).
- En la literatura citada escriba las referencias completas, de acuerdo con el siguiente patrón:
- Revistas: Agosti D., C. R. F. Brandao, S. Diniz. (1999). The New World species of the subfamily Leptanilloidinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic
Entomology 24:14-20
- Libros:Watkins W. F. Jr. (1976). The identification and distribution of New World Army Ants. Waco, Texas, 102pp.
- Capítulos:Fernández F., E. E. Palacio, W. P. MacKay (1996). Introducción al estudio de las hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de Colombia pp.349-
412 En: G. D. Amat, G. Andrade, F. Fernández (eds.) Insectos de Colombia, Estudios Escogidos Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y
Naturales & Centro Editorial Javeriano, Bogotá D.C.
- Utilice puntos seguidos para separar autores de año, año de título, etc. En caso de varios autores sepárelos por medio de comas; no utilice &, y, o and para
referirse al último autor. Los volúmenes, números y páginas deben presentarse de manera continua, sin espacios entre sí. Para el caso de artículos de revistas,
escriba el nombre completo de la revista, no use abreviaturas. No use sangrías ni subrayados en la presentación de la bibliografía.
- Para referirse a números dentro del texto, escriba en palabras únicamente los números del uno al diez (p.e., cinco especies) a menos que esté combinado con
otros números o se trate de medidas (p.e., 3 géneros y 7 especies; 8 km2). Emplee comas para separar miles (a excepción de 1000), y comas para decimales.
Para porcentajes utilice el símbolo % seguido del valor, sin espacios.
- Dentro del texto puede referirse a comunicaciones y/o observaciones personales, de la siguiente forma: E. Palacio (com. pers.); (E. Palacio, com. pers.); C.
Sarmiento (obs. pers.); (C. Sarmiento, obs. pers.).
- Para la elaboración de listados neotropicales o nacionales, utilice las abreviaturas suministradas al final del presente documento, o consulte un número de la
revista. Utilice ambos tipos de subdivisiones en columnas separadas (geopolítica y biogeográfica). Cuando utilice varias abreviaturas para un mismo registro,
ordénelas alfabéticamente y sepárelas entre sí por espacios, NO USE COMAS (por ejemplo: am cq gn vu).
- Si para la columna de Distribución en listados nacionales utiliza un referente biogeográfico distinto a región, debe suministrar de forma separada una clave de
las abreviaturas empleadas. Si el esquema biogeográfico utilizado por usted ya ha sido presentado en artículos de números anteriores de la revista, se recomienda
usar la misma clave de abreviaturas allí expuesta.
- Cualquier duda o inquietud consúltela inmediatamente al editor en jefe de Biota Colombiana.
- No se olvide de leer la presente guía en su totalidad antes de someter un manuscrito para evaluación. Cualquier duda o inquietud consúltela inmediatamente
al editor en jefe de Biota Colombiana.
1
Tanto el Editor en Jefe como los miembros del comité editorial se reservan el derecho de seleccionar los revisores para cada manuscrito; igualmente, los editores podrán buscar revisores anónimos
distintos a los sugeridos inicialmente por el(los) autor(es).

302- Guidelines for authors
Guidelines for authors

(see also: http://www.humboldt.org.co/biota)
Manuscript Preparation
Authors interested in contributing to Biota Colombiana may submit manuscripts by email, or by sending their file on a diskette by regular mail. Any word-processing
program may be used for text (Word is recommended). We prefer for taxonomic lists and any other type of table to be sent in spread format (Excel is recommended).
Lists for taxonomic groups inferior to genera, such as subgenera or species groups, will not be accepted.
Submitted manuscripts must be accompanied by a cover letter which clearly indicates:
1. Full names, mailing addresses and e-mail addresses of all authors. (Please note that email addresses are essential).
2. The complete title of the article.
3. Names, sizes, and types of files submitted.
4. A list of the names and addresses of at least three (3) reviewers1 who are qualified to evaluate the manuscript.
Lists Structure
Biota Colombiana is a completely bilingual publication, with all contents in both Spanish and English. Authors may present manuscripts in either language, or in
both. Biota Colombiana is divided into six sections: 1) Taxonomic lists; 2) Cladistic analyses; 3) Biogeographic studies; 4) Identification keys 5) News and comments
from Institutions 6) Reviews and bibliographic novelties. (For further information, see http://www.humboldt.org.co/biota).
Evaluation
The evaluation could result in any of the following: a) Accepted (In this case we assume that no change, omission or addition to the article is required and it will
be published as presented.); b) Conditional acceptance (The article is accepted and recommended to be published but it needs to be corrected as indicated by the
evaluator); and c) Rejected (in this case the evaluator considers that the article presentation, contents and/or form are not compatible with the usual publication
scheme of Biota Colombiana).
INSTRUCTIONS
- The manuscript should be configured for letter size paper, with 2.5cm margins on all side. It should be single-spaced and left-aligned (including title and
bibliography).
- The tables in which the lists are presented do not require any specific page configuration. All the columns must fit across a single page (columns on separate
pages are not acceptable). Avoid the use of borders of any type in editing the tables.
- In setting up the tables, use column headings ONLY for the first page. Always start additional pages with a new record; NEVER cut the information of one
record so that it continues on a subsequent page.
- Figures must be sent at 300 dpi and in .jpeg, .eps or .tiff format.
- Use Times New Roman or Arial font, size 12, for all texts. Use size 10 text in tables. Avoid the use of bold or underlining (italics are recommended where
considered necessary for emphasis or clarity).
- All pages of the text (with the exception of the title page) should be numbered. Page numbers should be located in the lower right corner of the page.
- Each reference in the bibliography should be cited in the text, and vice versa. Only cite published material or that which is in press. To cite a single author
use the format: Gómez (1995) or (Gómez 1995); to cite two authors: Otero & Blum (1970) or (Otero & Blum 1970); for more than two authors: Silva et al.
(1998) or (Silva et al. 1998). To cite various references at the end of a sentence, order them chronologically, from oldest to most recent, and then alphabetically:
(Otero & Blum 1970; Gómez 1995; MacArthur 1995; Silva et al. 1998). Use the same format for citing the same author more than once: Santos (1995, 1997),
or (Santos 1995, 1997), or among several citations: (Otero & Blum 1970; Santos 1995, 1997; Silva et al. 1998).
- In the bibliography, write the complete reference, according to the following pattern:
- Journals: Agosti D., C. R. F. Brandao, S. Diniz 1999 The New World species of the subfamily Leptanilloidinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Systematic
Entomology 24:14-20
- Books: Watkins W. F. Jr. 1976 The identification and distribution of New World Army Ants Waco, Texas, 102pp.
- Chapters: Fernández F., E. E. Palacio, W. P. MacKay 1996 Introducción al estudio de las hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de Colombia pp.349-
412 In: G. D. Amat, G. Andrade, F. Fernández (eds.) Insectos de Colombia, Estudios Escogidos Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y
Naturales & Centro Editorial Javeriano, Bogotá D.C.
- Use periods to separate author from year, year from title, etc. In the case of several authors, separate them by commas; do not use &, y, or and before the last
author. The volume, issue, and page numbers should be presented in continuous format, without spacing. Check all citations for names, accent marks, and
spelling. In the case of journal articles, write the full name of the journal, without abbreviations. Do not use hanging indents or underlining in the bibliogra-
phy.
- To refer to numbers within the text, write only the numbers from one to ten in words (e.g., five species), unless combining with other numbers or measures
(e.g., 3 genera and 7 species; 8 km2). Use commas to separate thousands (with the exception of 1000), and commas for decimal points. For percentages, use
the symbol % followed by the value, without spaces.
- Within the text, refer to personal communication or observations in the following way: E. Palacio (pers. comm.); (E. Palacio, pers. comm.); C. Sarmiento
(pers. obs.); (C. Sarmiento, pers. obs.).
- In Neotropical or national lists, use the standardized abbreviations at the end of this issue. If possible, use different columns for geopolitical and biogeogra-
phical subdivisions. When using several abbreviations for the same record, order them alphabetically and separate them by spaces. DO NOT USE COMMAS
(e.g., am cq gn vu).
- If, in the Distribution column of national lists, you use a different biogeographical referent from ‘region’; you must provide an alternative abbreviations key.
If the biogeographical system you use has been published previously in earlier issues of the journal, it is recommended that you use the same key for the
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1
author(s).

Índice -303
Índice temático Vol. 9 / Subject index Vol. 9
Tema/Subject Página/Page
Amazonas 295
Andes de Colombia 279
Anfibios / Amphibians 277
Anomalepidae 295
Anomura 1
Aves 77

Biodiversidad / Biodiversity 277
Blattaria 21
Blind snake 295

Cauca 77
Chirostylidae 1
Cockroaches 21
Colombian Andes 279
Crustacea 1
Cuenca Magdalena Medio 279
Cundinamarca 63

Decapoda 1
Dictyoptera 21
Distribución / Distribution 143
Diversidad / Diversity 143
Dung beetles 133

Especies espinosas 239

Freshwater Fishes 143, 279

Galatheidae 1
Gasterópodos terrestres 39
Gastropoda 39

Helechos 63
Herpetofauna / Herpetofaunal 251

Ichthyofauna 143

Langostillas 1
Leptostemonum 239
Licófitos 63
Liotyphlops sp. nov. 295
Lista de géneros 39
Lista nomenclatural 39

Malacofauna 39
Mesogastropoda 39

304- Índice
Mesogastropodos 39
Middle Magdalena River Basin 279
Mollusca 39
Moluscos 39

Neotrópico 1
NW South America 143

Oriente de Antioquia 279

Peces 143, 279
Phanaeini 133
Prosobranchia 39
Pulmonados 39
Pulmonata 39

Región del Guavio 63
Reptiles 251

Scarabaeidae 133
Scolecophidia 295
Serpentes 295
Solanoideae 239
Solanum 239
spiny solanums 239
Stylommatophora 39
Sur America Noroccidental 143

Tetramereia 133

Valle del Cauca 251

Índice -305
Índice de autores Vol.9 / Authors index Vol. 9
Autor / Author Página / Page
Ayerbe Quiñones, Fernando 77

Beltrán, Gabriel D. 239
Bermúdez, Adriana 1
Bogotá-Gregory, Juan David 279

Campos, Néstor 1
Castro-Herrera, Fernando 251
Estela, Felipe 77

Fierro Rengifo, Margarita 1
Franco, Francisco Luís 295

Gómez, Luis Germán 77
González, María Fernanda 77

Jaramillo-Villa, Úrsula 279

León Parra, Andres 63
López, Juan 77

Maldonado, Jairo 295
Maldonado-Ocampo, Javier A. 143, 279

Murillo Aldana, José Carmelo 63

Navas, Gabriel 1
Nee, Michael 239
Noriega Alvarado, Jorge Arí 133

Orozco, Clara Inés 239

Polanía, Carolina 63

Porras, Natalia 239

Ramírez, Mónica Beatriz 77
Rengifo, Juan Manuel 133

Sandoval, José Vladimir 77
Silva Haad, Juan J. 295

Usma, José Saulo 143

Vargas-Salinas, Fernando 251
Vari, Richard P. 143
Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z. 133
Vélez, Andrés 21
Vera Ardila, Mónica Lucía 39

306- Índice
Tabla de contenido / Table of contents

Vol. 9 (1), 2008
LISTADOS TAXONÓMICOS / TAXONOMIC LISTS
Listados Neotropicales / Neotropical Lists

Lista de chequeo de las familias Galatheidae y Chirostylidae (Crustaceae: Decapada: Anomura) del geotrópico
M. Fierro-R., G.R. Navas-S., A.Bermudez-T & N. H. Campos C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Listados Nacionales / National Lists

Checklist of Colombian cockroaches (Dictyoptera, Blattaria) - A. Vélez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Lista de los géneros de moluscos terrestres de Colombia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Prosobranchia:

Mesogastropoda y Pulmonata: Stylommatophora) – M. L. Vera-A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Listados Regionales / Regional Lists

Los helechos y licófitos de la región del Guavio – J. Murillo-A., C. Polanía, & A. León-P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Aves del departamento del Cauca - Colombia – F. Eyerbe-Q., J. P. López-Q., M: F. González-R.,

F: A: Estela, M.B. Ramírez-B, J. V. Sandoval-S & L.G. Gómez-B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Nota Breve / Brief Note
First report of the genus Tetramereia Klages, 1907 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Phanaeini) in Colombia -
Notes to its distribution – J. A. Noriega-A., J.M. Rengifo, F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Índice -307
Tabla de contenido / Table of contents

Vol. 9 (2), 2008
LISTADOS TAXONÓMICOS / TAXONOMIC LIST

Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia – J. A. Maldonado-Ocampo, R. P. Vari & J. S. Usma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) – C. I. Orozco,

G. D. Beltrán, N. Porras & M. Nee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia – F. Castro-Herrera1 & F. Vargas-Salinas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia – U. Jaramillo-Villa, J. A. Maldonado-Ocampo & J. D. Bogotá-Gregory . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
NUEVOS TAXA / NEW TAXA
Una nueva especie de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) del sur
de la Amazonia Colombiana – J. J. Silva Haad, F. L. Franco & J. Maldonado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Guía para autores / Guidelines for authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Índice temático Vol. 9 / Subject index Vol. 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Índice de autores Vol. 9 / Authors index Vol. 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Tabla de contenido / Table of contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Mapas / Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

308- Mapas
Departamentos y Regiones Biogeográficas Continentales de Colombia

Geopolitical Distribution and Continental Biogeographic Regions of Colombia
Regiones Biogeográficas /
sp lg Biogeographic Regions
at Pacífico (pac)
ma
ce Amazonas (amz)
Caribe (car)
suc Orinoquia (ori)
cor ns
bl Andes (and)
ant snt ara
cho ri cl by cs
cun vch
qu
vc to
met
hu gn
cau
gv
na
cq va
pu
ama
Departamentos / Departments
Amazonas ama Huila hu
Antioquia ant La Guajira lg
Arauca ara Magdalena ma
Atlántico at Meta met
Bolívar bl Nariño na
Boyacá by Norte de Santander ns
Cauca cau Putumayo pu
Cesar ce Quindío qu
Caldas cl Risaralda ri
Córdoba cor Santander snt
Caquetá cq San Andrés y Providencia sp
Casanare cs Sucre suc
Cundinamarca cun Tolima to
Chocó cho Vaupés va
Guainía gn Valle del Cauca vc
Guaviare gv Vichada vch

Mapas -309
Unidades Biogeográficas de Colombia / Biogeographic units of Colombia
I IV
III
VI
V
IX
II
VII
VIII
Unidades Biogeográficas / Biogeographic Units

Territorios Insulares Oceánicos Caribeños / Caribbean Oceanic Insular Territories I
Territorios Insulares Oceánicos del Pacífico / Pacific Oceanic Insular Territories II
Cinturón Arido Pericaribeño / Arid Peri-Caribbean Belt III
Macizo de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta / Massif of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta IV
Provincia del Chocó-Magdalena / Choco-Magdalena Province V
Provincia de la Orinoquia / Orinoquia Province VI
Provincia de la Guyana / Guyana Province VII
Provincia de la Amazonia / Amazonian Province VIII
Provincia Norandina / North-Andean Province IX
Tomado de: Hernández J., A. Hurtado, R. Ortiz, T. Walschburger 1991 Unidades Biogeográficas de Colombia En: Hernández
J., R. Ortiz, T. Walshburger, A. Hurtado (Eds.) Estado de la Biodiversidad en Colombia Informe Final Santafé de Bogotá,
Instituto Colombiano para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y la Tecnología “Francisco José de Caldas” – Colciencias

310- Mapas
Paisaje Natural Marino del Atlántico y Pacífico / Natural Marine Landscape of

the Atlantic and Pacific
Paisaje Natural Marino - Atlántico

GUA Natural Marine Landscape - Atlantic
SAN CAO Archipiélagos Coralinos / Reef Archipielago ARCO
A
SE
Caribe Oceánico / Oceanic Carib CAO

N
EA
BB
Darién / Darién DAR

PAL
RI
TAY
CA
Guajira / Guajira GUA

Magdalena / Magdalena MAG
MAG Morrosquillo / Morrosquillo MOR
Palomino / Palomino PAL
ARCO San Andrés y Providencia / San Andres
MOR
and Providencia SAN
Tayrona / Tayrona TAY
DAR
0km 50km 100km
Paisaje Natural Marino - Pacífico

Natural Marine Landscape - Pacific OceanoPacífico pan
PacificOcean
Baudó / Baudo bau
Buenaventura / Buenaventura bue
bau
Gorgona / Gorgona gor
Malpelo / Malpelo mal mal
Naya / Naya nay bue
Pacífico Norte / North Pacific pan
Pacífico Oceánico / Oceanic Pacific pao pao gor nay
Sanquianga / Sanquianga saq
Tumaco / Tumaco tum
saq
tum
Tomado de: INVEMAR (2000) Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras “José Benito Vives de Andréis. Programa
Nacional de Investigación en Biodiversidad Marina y Costera PNIBM. Editado por Juan Manuel Díaz Merlano y Diana
Isabel Gómez López. Santa Marta: INVEMAR, FONADE, MMA. 83 p.

Abreviaturas de Países / Countries Abbreviations
eu
Oceáno Atlántico
me bh Atlantic Ocean
cu (atl)
be ja am
ho an
gu es ni
pn tt
cr
vn gi
Oceáno Pacífico co su gf
Pacific Ocean
(pcf) ec
pe br
bo
pr
ch
ar ur
Países / Countries
Antillas Mayores / Greater Antilles am Guyana Francesa / French Guiana gf

Antillas Menores / Lesser Antillas an Guyana / Guyana gi
Argentina / Argentina ar Guatemala / Guatemala gu
Bahamas / Bahamas bh Honduras / Honduras ho
Belice / Belize be Jamaica / Jamaica ja
Bolivia / Bolivia bo México / Mexico me
Brasil / Brazil br Nicaragua / Nicaragua ni
Colombia / Colombia co Perú / Peru pe
Costa Rica / Costa Rica cr Panamá / Panama pn
Cuba / Cuba cu Paraguay / Paraguay pr
Chile / Chile ch Surinam / Suriname su
Ecuador / Ecuador ec Trinidad y Tobago / Trinidad and Tobago tt
El Salvador / El Salvador es Uruguay / Uruguay ur
Estados Unidos / United States eu Venezuela / Venezuela vn
Biota Colombiana Vol. 9 (2), 2008
Una publicación del / A publication of: Instituto Alexander von Humboldt
En asocio con / In collaboration with:

Instituto de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras - Invemar
Missouri Botanical Garden
LISTADOS TAXONÓMICOS / TAXONOMIC LIST

Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia – J. A. Maldonado-Ocampo, R. P. Vari & J. S. Usma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143
Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) – C. I. Orozco,

G. D. Beltrán, N. Porras & M. Nee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239

Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia – F. Castro-Herrera1 & F. Vargas-Salinas . . . . . . . . . . . . .251
Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia – U. Jaramillo-Villa, J. A. Maldonado-Ocampo & J. D. Bogotá-Gregory . . . . . . . . . .279
NUEVOS TAXA / NEW TAXA
Una nueva especie de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) del sur
de la Amazonia Colombiana – J. J. Silva Haad, F. L. Franco & J. Maldonado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295
Guía para autores / Guidelines for authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301
Índice temático Vol. 9 / Subject index Vol. 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303
Índice de autores Vol. 9 / Authors index Vol. 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305
Tabla de contenido / Table of contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306
Mapas / Maps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308

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BIOTA COLOMBIANA

ISSN 0124-5376 Volumen 9 - Número 2, diciembre de 2008

Instituto de Ciencias Naturales

Biota Colombiana also includes the sections of Notes and Com-

Biota Colombiana is indexed in Redalyc, Latindex, BIOSIS: Zoo-

Biota Colombiana es una publicación semestral. Para mayor información

Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia

Key words: Diversity, distribution, NW South America, ichthyofauna, Colombia

Palabras clave: Diversidad, distribución, Sur America noroccidental, ichthyofauna, Colombia

Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008

Introduction The major upsurge in publications focused on Colombian

T he remarkable Colombian biota has long

Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008

Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008

Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008

Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008

Orders # Species % # Families %

Characiformes 637 44,4 14 29,8

Siluriformes 524 36,5 12 25,5

Perciformes 124 8,6 4 8,2

Gymnotiformes 74 5,2 5 10,2

Cyprinodontiformes 35 2,4 2 4,1

Clupeiformes 11 0,8 2 4,1

Myliobatiformes 9 0,6 1 2,0

Pleuronectiformes 7 0,5 1 2,0

Beloniformes 5 0,3 1 2,0

Batrachoidiformes 3 0,2 1 2,0

Osteoglossiformes 3 0,2 1 4,1

Lepidosireniformes 1 0,1 1 2,0

Synbranchiformes 1 0,1 1 2,0

Tetraodontiformes 1 0,1 1 2,0

Total 1435 100 47 100

Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008

Family # Species % Family # Species %

Characidae 399 27,7 Pseudopimelodidae 11 0,8

Loricariidae 166 11,5 Prochilodontidae 10 0,7

Cichlidae 114 7,9 Acestrorhynchidae 9 0,6

Pimelodidae 54 3,8 Potamotrygonidae 9 0,6

Trichomycteridae 54 3,8 Gasteropelecidae 8 0,6

Doradidae 52 3,6 Achiridae 7 0,5

Anostomidae 51 3,5 Ctenoluciidae 7 0,5

Curimatidae 47 3,3 Engraulididae 7 0,5

Heptapteridae 44 3,1 Sciaenidae 7 0,5

Callichthyidae 42 2,9 Parodontidae 6 0,4

Auchenipteridae 41 2,9 Belonidae 5 0,3

Lebiasinidae 36 2,5 Chilodontidae 5 0,3

Apteronotidae 30 2,1 Rhamphichthyidae 5 0,3

Crenuchidae 30 2,1 Erythrinidae 4 0,3

Astroblepidae 24 1,7 Pristigasteridae 4 0,3

Rivulidae 21 1,5 Batrachoididae 3 0,2

Cetopsidae 18 1,3 Osteoglossidae 3 0,2

Aspredinidae 17 1,2 Eleotridae 2 0,1

Poeciliidae 14 1,0 Tetraodontidae 1 0,1

Gymnotidae 14 1,0 Ariidae 1 0,1

Hemiodontidae 14 1,0 Lepidosirenidae 1 0,1

Sternopygidae 14 1,0 Polycentridae 1 0,1

Cynodontidae 11 0,8 Synbranchidae 1 0,1

Hypopomidae 11 0,8 Total = 1435 100

Biota Colombiana 9 (2), 2008

Paratrygon aiereba (Müller & Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b, Ortega

Potamotrygon castexi Castello

Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo

Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo