Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia • Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) • Anfibios y rep
en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia • Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una nueva especie de Liotyphlops Peters,
(Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) del sur de la Amazonia Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia • Listad
especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) • Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia • Pece
Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una nueva especie de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) del sur de la Amaz
Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia • Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemonum, Solanacea
Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia • Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una nueva especie de Liotyph
Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) del sur de la Amazonia Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colomb
Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) • Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colom
• Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una nueva especie de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) de
de la Amazonia Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia • Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemon
Solanaceae) • Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia • Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una nueva esp
de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) del sur de la Amazonia Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshwater Fish
Colombia • Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) • Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Ca
Colombia • Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una nueva especie de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae
sur de la Amazonia Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia • Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemon
Solanaceae) • Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia • Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una nueva esp
de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) del sur de la Amazonia Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshwater Fish
Colombia • Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) • Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Ca
Colombia • Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una nueva especie de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae
sur de la Amazonia Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia • Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemon
Solanaceae) • Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia • Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una nueva esp
de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) del sur de la Amazonia Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshwater Fish
Colombia • Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) • Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Ca
Colombia • Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una nueva especie de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae
sur de la Amazonia Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia • Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemon
Solanaceae) • Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia • Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una nueva esp
de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) del sur de la Amazonia Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshwater Fish
Colombia • Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) • Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Ca
Colombia • Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una nueva especie de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae
sur de la Amazonia Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia • Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemon
Solanaceae) • Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia • Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una n
especie de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) del sur de la Amazonia Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshw
Fishes of Colombia • Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) • Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento
Valle del Cauca, Colombia • Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una nueva especie de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecoph
Anomalepidae) del sur de la Amazonia Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia • Listado de especies espinosas de Sola
L. (Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) • Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia • Peces del Oriente de Antio
Colombia • Una nueva especie de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) del sur de la Amazonia Colombiana • Chec
of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia • Listado de especies espinosas de Solanum L. (Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) • Anfibios y reptiles
departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia • Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia • Una nueva especie de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpe
Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) del sur de la Amazonia Colombiana • Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of Colombia • Listado de especies espin
Los artículos en Biota Colombiana constan de una introducción Editor Asistente / Assistant Editor
(donde usualmente se presenta un panorama general del grupo y su Angela Suárez-M. MsC Instituto Alexander von Humboldt
estado actual de conocimiento), el listado taxonómico (en formato
Comité Científico Editorial / Editorial Board
de tabla para facilitar su consulta), un anexo con los sinónimos de Arturo Acero, PhD Universidad Nacional - Invemar
los taxa, y referencias citadas. En los listados, cada registro consta Ricardo Callejas, PhD Universidad de Antioquia
del nombre científico completo del taxón, generalidades sobre su Steve Churchill, PhD Missouri Botanical Garden
distribución, un voucher o testigo de colección, y una referencia Jonathan Coddington, PhD NMNH - Smithsonian Institution
bibliográfica como soporte adicional. Ana Esperanza Franco, PhD Universidad de Antioquia
Rafael Lemaitre, PhD NMNH - Smithsonian Institution
John Lynch, PhD Instituto de Ciencias Naturales - U. Nacional
Biota Colombiana incluye, además, las secciones de Notas y Co-
José Murillo, MsC Instituto de Ciencias Naturales - U. Nacional
mentarios, Reseñas, y Novedades Bibliográficas, donde se pueden Paulina Muñoz, MsC Instituto de Ciencias Naturales - U. Nacional
hacer actualizaciones o comentarios sobre artículos ya publicados, Orlando Rangel, PhD Instituto de Ciencias Naturales - U. Nacional
o bien se puede divulgar información de interés general como la Gabriel Roldán, PhD Universidad Católica de Oriente
aparición de catálogos o monografías que incluyan algún grupo Cristián Samper, PhD NMNH - Smithsonian Institution
taxonómico presente en Colombia. Juan Armando Sánchez, PhD Universidad de los Andes
Reinhard Schnetter, PhD Universidad Justus Liebig
Sven Zea, PhD Universidad Nacional - Invemar
Biota Colombiana publishes taxonomic lists of species (or genera
in exceptional cases) that are found in the continental and marine Asistencia Editorial / Editorial Assistance
territories of Colombia. These checklists can have coverage at Amalia Díaz, Msc Instituto Alexander von Humboldt
the neotropical (only if the group is found in Colombia), national, Daniel Dávila-R, Msc Instituto Alexander von Humboldt
regional (biogeographic units, natural marine landscapes, and/
or departments of Colombia) levels. Ilustraciones / Illustrations
Juan Cristóbal Calle
Fernando Vargas-Salinas
Articles published in Biota Colombiana include an introduction
(which generally presents an overview of the group and our current Diagramación / Design
understanding), taxonomic checklists (presented as a table for John Aref Khatib P. / Carlos Iván González S. (Ediprint Ltda.)
easier use), an annex with synonyms for the taxa, and references
cited. The checklist includes the complete scientific name for each Impreso por Alianza Ediprint Ltda. - Guerra Editores
taxon, general information about its distribution, reference to a Quien sólo actúa como impresor.
voucher in a collection and a bibliographic reference as additional
Impreso en Colombia / Printed in Colombia
support.
http://www.humboldt.org.co/humboldt/mostrarpagina.php?codpage=20005
biotacol@humboldt.org.co
Biota Colombiana 9 (2) 143 - 237, 2008
1 Investigador Asociado, curador encargado colección de peces de agua dulce, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos
Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt. Claustro de San Agustín, Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia. Dirección actual:
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Vertebrados, Quinta da Boa Vista, 20940-
040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. gymnopez@mac.com
2 Division of Fishes, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC--159, National Museum of Natural History, PO Box
37012, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013—7012. varir@si.edu
3 Coordinador Programa Ecosistemas de Agua Dulce WWF Colombia. Calle 61 No 3 A 26, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
jsusma@wwf.org.co
Abstract
Data derived from the literature supplemented by examination of specimens in collections show that 1435 species of native fishes live
in the freshwaters of Colombia. These species represent 14 orders and 47 families. Orders with the largest numbers of species in the
Colombian continental ichthyofauna are the Characiformes (637 species), Siluriformes (524 species), Perciformes (124 species), and
Gymnotiformes (74 species), with the remaining 10 orders having from 1 to 35 species. At the family level, the Characidae has the
greatest number of species (399 species), with this followed by the Loricariidae (166 species), Cichlidae (114 species), Pimelodidae
(54 species), and Trichomycteridae (54 species); the remaining 42 families having 1 to 52 species. Present data indicate that 311 of
the species occur solely at locations within Colombia. Continued descriptions of new species from the continental waters of Colombia
demonstrate that the present total underestimates the species-level diversity of the ichthyofauna. The 1435 species living in Colombian
freshwaters represent approximately 5% of all freshwater and marine fish species now recognized worldwide and approximately 29% of
the freshwater fish species known to inhabit the drainages across the expanse from the southern border of Mexico through to Chile and
Argentina. Various historical and ecological factors potentially contributing to the species-level richness of the Colombian freshwater
fish fauna are discussed (e.g. geology, climate, physiography, water chemistry).
Resumen
Datos provenientes de literatura, complementados por la revisión de especímenes en colecciones muestran que 1435 especies nativas
de peces viven en las aguas dulces de Colombia. Estas especies representan 14 órdenes y 47 familias. Los órdenes con el mayor número
de especies son Characiformes (637 species), Siluriformes (524 species), Perciformes (124 species) y Gymnotiformes (74 species);
los restantes órdenes tiene de 1 a 35 especies. Al nivel de familia, Characidae posee el mayor número de especies (399 especies),
seguida de Loricariidae (166 especies), Cichlidae (114 especies), Pimelodidae (54 especies) y Trichomycteridae (54 especies); las
restantes 42 familias tienen de 1 a 52 especies. Los datos presentados indican que 311 especies se encuentran distribuídas solamente
en Colombia. La descripción continua de nuevas especies provenientes de las aguas continentales de Colombia, demuestra que el
número total de especies registrado subestima la diversidad específica de su ictiofauna. Las 1435 especies que viven en las aguas
dulces colombianas representan aproximadamente 5% de todas las especies marinas y dulceacuícolas hoy en día reconocidas a nivel
global y aproximadamente el 29% de los peces de agua dulce que habitan las aguas continentales desde el límite sur de México hasta
Chile y Argentina. Varios factores históricos y ecológicos que potencialmente contribuyen a ésta gran riqueza de peces de agua dulce
en Colombia son discutidos (p.ej. geología, clima, fisiografía, química de las aguas).
María in the Magdalena, Orinoco, and Amazon basins. described from locations outside of Colombia are included
Fowler reported on Colombian fishes in a series of papers in the checklist if their occurrence within the country can
(1941, 1943, 1944, 1945a, 1945b, 1950) and his 1942 be documented in one of three ways:
publication summarized the species of fishes then known 1) Citation of a species for the Colombian fish fauna
to live in the waters of Colombia. in species descriptions and/or revisions of genera or
families in the recent taxonomic literature. Data of this
Subsequent decades brought a dramatic increase in sort served as the single largest source for the inclusion
publications focused on the taxonomy and distribution of of species in the listing and the authors of revisionary
Colombian freshwater fishes. Particularly noteworthy were publications citing a species from Colombia are noted
the very important summaries of the fishes of the Río Cauca in the Checklist.
and Río Magdalena systems by Cecil Miles (1943, 1947, 2) Information from specialist identified voucher
respectively). Nearly a quarter of a century latter, George specimens that originated at localities in Colombia.
Dahl (1971) produced a groundbreaking publication on the Vouchers are deposited in various fish collections, most
fishes of northern Colombia that incorporated information notably IAvH-P, ICNMHN, and IMCN in Colombia.
on both marine and freshwater fishes from that region of 3) Records based on identifications of specimens deposited
the country. The decades since Dahl’s monograph brought in various Colombian collections, but not identified by
intensive collecting efforts throughout the country by experts on those taxa. Critical reexamination of such
Colombian and foreign ichthyologists along with the lots in the course of regional Colombian ichthyofaunal
publication of numerous papers (see Maldonado-Ocampo studies underlies the inclusion of the species in the
& Usma 2006). The synergy of these efforts dramatically checklist. A caveat is that such reports may prove in
expanded our knowledge of this ichthyofauna as some instances to be problematic given the major
documented in Mojica’s (1999) preliminary list of the uncertainties with species-level questions in many
freshwater fish species of Colombia; a trend that continues genera and families.
to the present. Amply demonstrating these advances are
the series of recent summaries of the ichthyofaunas of Initial information for this effort was taken from
the major drainage systems in Colombia (Figure 1; Río CLOFFSCA (Reis et al. 2003) supplemented by recently
Amazonas in Colombia, Mojica et al. 2005, Bogotá- published regional Colombian Checklists [Lasso et al.
Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo, 2006a, Galvis et al. (2004a), Maldonado-Ocampo (2004), Mojica et al. (2004,
2006, Galvis et al. 2007b; Río Putumayo, Ortega et al. 2005), Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo (2006a),
2006; Río Atrato, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006a; Río Galvis et al. (2006), Maldonado-Ocampo et al. (2006a,b),
Cauca, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006a; middle Río Magdalena, Mojica et al. (2006a,b), Ortega et al. (2006), Ortega-
Mojica et al. 2006b; upper Río Magdalena, Villa-Navarro Lara et al. (2006a,b), Villa-Navarro et al. (2006), Acero
et al. 2006; Río Orinoco basin, Lasso et al. 2004a, Galvis & Polanco (2007), Galvis et al. (2007a,b), and Mejía-
et al. 2007a; Río Tomo, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b; Falla et al. (2007)]. This information was instrumental in
Río Patía, Ortega-Lara et al. 2006b; Río Rancheria, Mojica many instances for the development of the preliminary list
et al. 2006a). presented by Maldonado-Ocampo & Usma (2006). Where
appropriate, these publications are cited in the Checklist.
In this paper, we present a checklist of the freshwater Data was cross checked and supplemented by information
fishes of Colombia based on different kinds of data and in recent publications dealing with species present in
emphasize the remarkable diversity of this ichthyofauna inland Colombian waters and/or describing new species of
at multiple levels. Nonetheless, the continuing description fishes from those drainage systems [Ferraris & Vari (1999,
of new species of Colombian freshwater fishes (see www. 2000), Toledo-Piza (2000), Albert & Crampton (2003),
humboldt.org.co/ictiologia) makes it clear that the present Armbruster (2003), López-Fernández & Winemiller
checklist underestimates, perhaps to a significant degree, (2003), Lucena (2003), Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert
the actual richness of that ichthyofauna. (2003), Reis et al. (2003), Armbruster (2004), Castro &
Vari (2004), Malabarba (2004), Zanata & Toledo-Piza
Material and methods (2004), Armbruster (2005), Bockmann & Ferraris (2005),
Crampton et al. (2005), Ferraris et al. (2005), Hrbek et
The inclusion of species in the following list derived from al. (2005), Lundberg & Akama (2005), Reis et al. (2005),
three different sources of information. The first and least Sabaj (2005), Vari et al. (2005), Acero & Betancur (2006),
problematic of these were those species now recognized Bührnheim & Malabarba (2006), Kullander & Ferreira
as valid that have type localities in the inland waters of (2006), Mautari & Menezes (2006), Menezes (2006),
Colombia. Catalog numbers of the type series of those Vari & Ferraris (2006), Buitrago-Suárez & Burr (2007),
species are reported in the Checklist. Species originally Ferraris, (2007), Sidlauskas et al. (2007), Ardila Rodríguez
Figure 1. Map of Colombia and adjoining regions showing the hydrographic zones, river systems and species richness by HZ discussed in the Checklist.
(2008a,b,c), Armbruster (2008), Castellanos-Morales however, we defer from applying it until we can confidently
(2008), Friel (2008), García-Alzate & Román-Valencia delimit the distribution of most species in the Colombian
(2008), García-Alzate et al. (2008), Lundberg & Dahdul freshwater fish fauna. Whenever possible, we base the
(2008), Román-Valencia et al. (2008), Sabaj-Pérez & citation of the occurrence of species in various hydrographic
Birindelli (2008), Schindler & Staeck (2008), and Lujan zones on publications by specialists. Supplementing those
et al. (2009)]. These papers are cited where pertinent. records were critically evaluated voucher specimens and
literature records. Citations of Colombian species as
In the Checklist, we include only those groups of fishes endangered or extinct follow Mojica et al. (2002), Acero
who spent their entire life cycles within freshwater & Betancur (2006), and Prada-Pedreros et al. (2006).
systems. Consequently, we exclude the various species
of marine fishes that seasonally migrate into the lower Results
reaches of rivers during periods of decreased river flow
with consequent increased levels of estuarine salinity. The Checklist cites 1435 species of fishes as inhabiting
Also excluded from the listing are exotic species, whether freshwater systems in Colombia, with these species
introduced purposely or accidentally into Colombia. distributed across 14 orders and 47 families. Dominant
Alvarado-Forero & Gutiérrez-Bonilla (2002) provide in the overall fish fauna is the superorder Ostariophysi
summaries of those species. with 1235 species or 86% of the total fauna, including the
two most speciose orders in the continental Colombian
The checklist follows the taxonomic classification ichthyofauna; these are the Characiformes with 637 species
used by Reis et al. (2003), with families arranged in (44% of total) and Siluriformes with 524 species (37% of
systematic order, and genera and species of each family total). Other orders with noteworthy numbers of species
and subfamily listed alphabetically. The use of the genus are the Perciformes (124 species) and Gymnotiformes
Petulanos follows Sidlauskas & Vari (2008), and the use (74 species), with the 10 remaining orders having 1 to
of Osteoglossidae follows Nelson (2006). Abbreviations 35 species in Colombian freshwaters (Table 1). Families
for fish collections in museums, universities, and research with the most species are the Characidae (399 species;
institutions follow Leviton et al. (1985) and Eschmeyer & 27.5% of the total species), Loricariidae (166 species),
Fricke (2008). Cichlidae (114 species), Pimelodidae (54 species), and
Trichomycteridae (54 species). The remaining 42 families
The distribution of each species in the checklist is reported are represented in Colombia by 1 to 52 species (Table
within the context of the main Colombian hydrographic 2). We identify 311 species in the Checklist as presently
zones (HZ), delimited by IDEAM (2004). These are the known only from freshwater habitats in Colombia, with
Amazonas basin (Amz), the Río Orinoco basin (Ori), the these therefore identified as endemics for the country.
Río Magdalena-Río Cauca basin (Mag-Cau), the streams
and rivers of the Pacific versant of Colombia (Pac), and In the Checklist, we cite 42 species of threatened and
the drainages of the Caribbean slope of Colombia (Car) extinct fresh water fishes; this number of species differs
(Figure 1). The reader will note that the rivers draining into from the total in Mojica et al. (2002) due to changes in
the Caribbean Sea include on the one hand the large Río the taxonomic status of some nominal species in recent
Magdalena-Río Cauca system (Mag-Cau) and on the other systematic studies. Brachyplatystoma flavicans Castelnau,
all the remaining rivers of that versant (Car). The drainage 1855 and Paulicea luetkeni Steindachner, 1877 that were
systems in the latter unit range from the moderate scaled both in the Red List are now synonyms of Zungaro
Río Atrato to the series of streams and smaller rivers of zungaro Humboldt, 1821. Similarly, Ageneiosus caucanus
that slope emptying into the Caribbean Sea east and west Steindachner, 1880 and A. freiei Schultz, 1944 are now in
of the mouth of the Río Magdalena. This division of the the synonymy of A. pardalis Lütken, 1874 with Saccodon
Caribbean Sea drainage systems into two hydrographic caucae Schultz & Miles, 1943 a synonym of S. dariensis
zones (Mag-Cau and Car) recognizes the pronounced Meek & Hildebrand, 1913. In each instance, the synonymy
species richness and high degree of endemicity of the of perceived threatened nominal forms (Ageneiosus
ichthyofauna of the combined Río Magdalena-Río Cauca caucanus, A. freiei, Brachyplatystoma flavicans, Paulicea
system. luetkeni, Saccodon caucae) into species not considered
endangered (Ageneiosus pardalis, Saccodon dariensis,
In some instances, the hydrographic zones utilized in this Zungaro zungaro) necessitated the removal of the cited
paper subsume two or more of the freshwater ecoregions nominal species from endangered status. Alternatively,
recently proposed by Abell et al. (2008). The more fine- some newly described species previously thought to be
scaled resolution of the latter system is potentially more part of a broadly distributed form (e.g., Pseudoplatystoma
informative in terms of areas of regional endemism; magdaleniatum and P. metaense Buitrago-Suárez &
Table 1. Number of families and species in each order of fishes present in the freshwaters of Colombia.
Burr, 2007, respectively, from the Río Magdalena basin the Colombian Amazon (36 species), the region of the
and Río Meta systems) apparently are endangered (see country that has been least explored ichthyologically.
Arce Hernández (2008) concerning former species). Six recognized species have indefinite type localities of
The consequences of these nomenclatural changes “Colombia”.
for management and conservation issues exemplify
the importance of thorough revisionary analysis of As reported previously by Maldonado-Ocampo & Usma
all components of the fish fauna. Recently published (2006), the Amazon and Orinoco hydrographic zones
information on the ecology and distribution of various are the richest in terms of total numbers of species.
nominal species similarly resulted in changes in the status Following these zones in order of decreasing richness
of some species included in Mojica et al. (2002). are the Magdalena-Cauca, Caribbean slope drainages,
and Pacific versant rivers (Figure 1). There is a striking
Of the total number of species, 387 or 27% were based lack of correlation between the hydrographic zones
on type series that originated within Colombia (see with the richest fish faunas within Colombia (Amazon
Checklist). Interestingly, the type localities of 65% of and Orinoco) and the hydrographic zones that were the
the species with type localities within Colombia (252 of point of origin for the majority of type-series of fishes
387 species) originated in trans-Andean locations. The that originated in Colombian inland waters (Magdalena-
Río Magdalena-Cauca was the source of over half of the Cauca, Caribbean, and Pacific versants). The discussion
trans-Andean species total (138 species), with the Pacific details how the historical focus on collecting fishes in
versant (78 species) and Caribbean slope drainages (36 trans-Andean drainages resulted in a disproportionate
species) accounting for the remainder. The 33% of the number of taxonomic studies of those regional components
species whose type-series originated at cis-Andean sites of the Colombian continental fish fauna. This historical
within Colombia were primarily from the Río Orinoco collecting and the resultant research bias undoubtedly
basin (90 species) and with relatively few originating in underlies these contrasting patterns.
Table 2. Number of species for each family of fishes present in the freshwaters of Colombia.
Checklist of the native freshwater fishes of Colombia. Listing does not include introduced species, nor does it include marine forms that only
seasonally penetrate into the lower portions of rivers and streams. Figure 1 show the hydrographic zones and major river systems discussed in the
text. Abbreviations: DC – species with their type locality in Colombia. EN – species now only known from Colombian freshwaters (endemics). CT –
Endangered and threatened species (from Mojica et al. (2002) with listing modified as discussed in text). Amz – Amazon basin. Ori – Orinoco basin.
Mag-Cauca – Río Magdalena-Río Cauca basin. Pac – Pacific slope rivers. Car – Caribbean slope rivers. Collections/references – catalog numbers are
type series of species described from locations in Colombia; references either a) cite revisions and descriptions that document the presence of a species
with a type-locality outside of Colombia in that country, or 2) cite publications that report a species as present in particular drainage basins within
Colombia (see text). Non-type voucher IAvH-P lots that were the basis for the inclusion of a species in the checklist are indicated by an asterisk (*).
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Myliobatiformes
Potamotrygonidae
Potamotrygon magdalenae
X X X X MNHN A-2368; Mejía-Falla et al. 2007
(Duméril, 1865)
Potamotrygon yepezi Castex & Galvis et al. 1997, Mojica et al. 2002,
B2c X
Castello, 1970 Mejía-Falla et al. 2007
Lepidosireniformes
Lepidosirenidae
Osteoglossiformes
Osteoglossidae
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Clupeiformes
Engraulidae
Pterengraulis atherinoides
X Lasso et al. 2004, Galvis et al. 2007a
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Pristigasteridae
Characiformes
Parodontidae
Parodon suborbitalis
X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005
Valenciennes, 1850
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Curimatidae
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Cyphocharax abramoides
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Kner, 1858)
Cyphocharax leucostictus
(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, X Galvis et al. 2007b
1889)
Cyphocharax magdalenae
X X X X NMW 68873.1
(Steindachner, 1878)
Cyphocharax multilineatus
X X Galvis et al. 2007ab
(Myers, 1927)
Potamorhina laticeps
X Galvis et al. 1997
(Valenciennes, 1850)
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Prochilodontidae
A1d,
Ichthyoelephas longirostris
X X A2d, X NMW 56680, 56681-82
(Steindachner, 1879)
B2c
Prochilodus magdalenae
X X A1d X X NMW 56627, 56624, 56625, 56628.
Steindachner, 1879
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Anostomidae
Leporinus aripuanaensis
X Mojica et al. 2005, Galvis et al. 2007b
Garavello & Santos 1981
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Leporinus latofasciatus
X Lasso et al. 2004
Steindachner, 1910
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Leporinus y-ophorus
X X CAS 61680 [ex IU 15025]
Eigenmann, 1922
Schizodon scotorhabdotus
Sidlauskas, Garvello & Jellen, X Sidlauskas et al. 2007
2007
Synaptolaemus cingulatus
Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et
Myers & Fernández-Yépez, X
al. 2006b
1950
Chilodontidae
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Crenuchidae
Ammocryptocharax elegans
X X USNM 210692, 214364; FMNH 80401
Weitzman & Kanazawa, 1976
Characidium boavistae
X Villa-Navarro et al. 2006
Steindachner, 1915
Characidium sanctjohanni
X X X X Holotype: whereabouts unknown
Dahl, 1960
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Leptocharacidium omospilus
X Lasso et al. 2004
Buckup, 1993
Microcharacidium eleotrioides
X IAvH-P 6169*
(Géry, 1960)
Microcharacidium gnomus
X Lasso et al. 2004
Buckup, 1993
Microcharacidium weitzmani
X Lasso et al. 2004
Buckup, 1993
Hemiodontidae
Anodus orinocensis
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Steindachner, 1887)
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Hemiodus amazonum
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Humboldt, 1821)
Gasteropelecidae
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Characidae
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Bryconamericus arilepis
Román-Valencia, Vanegas-Ríos X X X IUQ 920, 1915, 1917, 1567
& Ruíz-C., 2008
Bryconamericus cismontanus
X X FMNH 56642 [ex CM 5459]
Eigenmann, 1914
Bryconamericus cristiani
X X X ICNMNH 3445, 3446-49; IUQ 381-382
Román-Valencia, 1999
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Bryconamericus
FMNH 56644 [ex CM 5461], 56645;
deuterodonoides Eigenmann, X X X
CAS 61221 [ex IU 13156]
1914
Bryconamericus ichoensis
X X X ICNMNH 2718, 2719
Román-Valencia, 2000
Bryconamericus miraensis
X X X X ANSP 71686, 71687-92, 71693, 71694
Fowler, 1945
Bryconamericus multiradiatus
X X X ICNMHN 82, 58
Dahl, 1960
Bryconamericus plutarcoi
X X X ICNMNH 4887; IUQ 308, 461, 472, 473
Román-Valencia, 2001
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Creagrutus maracaiboensis
X Galvis et al. 1997
Schultz, 1944
Creagrutus melanzonus
X IAvH-P 3233*
Eigenmann, 1909
Creagrutus nigrostigmatus
X X X X ICNMHN 989; SU 49491
Dahl, 1960
Grundulus bogotensis
X X NT X ZMB 33306, 3505, 31499
(Humboldt, 1821)
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Hemibrycon jelskii
X IAvH-P 6188-6192*
(Steindachner, 1877)
Hemibrycon microformaa
Román-Valencia & Ruiz-C., X X X IUQ 510, 511-514; MTDF 27628
2007
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Hemigrammus cylindricus
X IAvH-P 2555*
Durbin, 1909
Hemigrammus newboldi
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Fernández-Yépez, 1949)
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Hyphessobrycon albolineatum
X IAvH-P 760*
Fernández-Yépez, 1950
Hyphessobrycon columbianus
X X X MTDF 25497, 25498
Zarske & Géry, 2001
Hyphessobrycon condotensis
X X X BMNH 1913.10.1.19-21
Regan, 1913
Hyphessobrycon eques
X Galvis et al. 2007b
(Steindachner, 1882)
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Hyphessobrycon metae
X X CAS 61751 [ex IU 13421], 61752
Eigenmann & Henn, 1914
Hyphessobrycon minimus
X IAvH-P 1863*
Durbin, 1909
Hyphessobrycon ocasoensis
García-Alzate & Román- X X X García-Alzate & Román-Valencia 2008
Valencia, 2008
Hyphessobrycon oritoensis
IUQ 1574, 129, 1575; MBUCV-V 33737;
García-Alzate, Román-Valencia X X X
MCGN 55844
& Taphorn, 2008
Jupiaba abramoides
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Eigenmann, 1909)
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Leptagoniates steindachneri
X Ortega et al. 2006
Boulenger, 1887
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Moenkhausia browni
X X Lasso et al. 2004, Galvis et al. 2007b
Eigenmann, 1909
Moenkhausia doceana
X IAvH-P 2507, 3166*
(Steindachner, 1877)
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Moenkhausia orteguasae
X X X ANSP 70496
Fowler, 1943
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Triportheus magdalenae
X X X NMW 69151-54; ZMUC 87
(Steindachner, 1878)
Triportheus orinocensis
X Lasso et al. 2004
Malabarba, 2004
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Agoniatinae
Clupeacharacinae
Clupeacharax anchoveoides
X Ortega et al. 2006
Pearson, 1924
Iguanodectinae
Bryconinae
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Serrasalminae
Mylesinus schomburgki
X Lasso et al. 2004
Valenciennes, 1850
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Mylossoma acanthogaster
X Galvis et al. 1997
(Valenciennes, 1850)
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Serrasalmus manueli
Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et
(Fernández-Yépez & Ramírez, X X
al. 2006b
1967)
Aphyocharacinae
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Characinae
Acanthocharax microlepis
X Galvis et al. 2007a
Eigenmann, 1912
Acestrocephalus anomalus
X X X NMW 57983
(Steindachner, 1880)
Acestrocephalus sardina
X X Menezes 2006
(Fowler, 1913)
Cynopotamus atratoensis
X X X USNM 1664, 306567 [ex USNM 1664]
(Eigenmann, 1907)
Cynopotamus bipunctatus
X Lasso et al. 2004
Pellegrin, 1909
Cynopotamus magdalenae
X X X NMW 62501-02 , 62504-05, 77769
(Steindachner, 1879)
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Phenacogaster microstictus
X Lasso et al. 2004
Eigenmann, 1909
Stethaprioninae
Tetragonopterinae
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Rhoadsiinae
Cheirodontinae
Nanocheirodon insignis
X X X X NMW 62543-44
(Steindachner, 1880)
Saccoderma melanostigma
X Mojica et al. 2004
Schultz, 1944
Glandulocaudinae
Gephyrocharax chocoensis
X X X X FMNH 56016; IAvH-P 7228-7233
Eigenmann, 1912
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Gephyrocharax valencia
X Lasso et al. 2004
Eigenmann, 1920
Pterobrycon landoni
X X X FMNH 56250 [ex CM 5051]
Eigenmann, 1913
Acestrorhynchidae
Acestrorhynchus abbreviatus
X Galvis et al. 2007b
(Cope, 1878)
Acestrorhynchus grandoculis
X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
Menezes & Géry, 1983
Acestrorhynchus nasutus
X Lasso et al. 2004
Eigenmann, 1912
Cynodontidae
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Gilbertolus alatus
X X X NMW 14998
(Steindachner, 1878)
Erythrinidae
Lebiasinidae
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Lebiasina multimaculata
X X X BMNH 1910.7.11.167-169
Boulenger, 1911
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Pyrrhulina filamentosa
X Lasso et al. 2004
Valenciennes, 1847
Ctenoluciidae
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Siluriformes
Cetopsidae
Cetopsidium morenoi
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Fernández-Yépez, 1972)
Denticetopsis macilenta
X Lasso et al. 2004, Vari et al. 2005
(Eigenmann, 1912)
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Aspredinidae
Bunocephalus amaurus
X Lasso et al. 2004
Eigenmann, 1912
Hoplomyzon sexpapilostoma
X IAVH-P 5371, 7924 ,7925*
Taphorn & Marrero, 1990
Pseudobunocephalus
X Friel 2008
amazonicus (Mees, 1989)
Pseudobunocephalus bifidus
X Galvis et al. 2007b
Eigenmann, 1942
Pseudobunocephalus lundbergi
X X Friel 2008
Friel, 2008
Xyliphius magdalenae
X X X FMNH 56039 [ex CM 4829]
Eigenmann, 1912
Trichomycteridae
Haemomaster venezuelae
X Lasso et al. 2004, IAvH-P 6981-6982*
Myers, 1927
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Ituglanis amazonicus
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Steindachner, 1882)
Pseudostegophilus haemomyzon
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Myers, 1942)
Stegophilus septentrionalis
X Lasso et al. 2004
Myers, 1927
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Trichomycterus caliense
X X NT X X FMNH 56029 [ex CM 4819 not 6819]
(Eigenmann, 1912)
Trichomycterus gorgona
X X X ANSP 149946; ICNMHN 10019
Fernández & Schaefer, 2005
Trichomycterus latidens
X X X X CAS 76335 [ex IU 13801]
(Eigenmann, 1917)
Trichomycterus latistriatus
X X X FMNH 58449 [ex CM 7450]
(Eigenmann, 1917)
Trichomycterus nigromaculatus
X X X X X BMNH 1880.2.26.16-17
Boulenger, 1887
Trichomycterus regani
X X X CAS 64591 [ex IU 13772]
(Eigenmann, 1917)
Trichomycterus retropinnis
X X X BMNH 1899.8.21.12-13
Regan, 1903
Trichomycterus romeroi
X X X ANSP 69331, 69332-35
(Fowler, 1941)
Trichomycterus ruitoquensis CAR 340, 37, 88, 89, 325, 331, 332;
X X X
Ardila Rodríguez, 2007 IAvH-P 4342, 4344; IMCN 4195
Trichomycterus santanderensis
X X X CAC-CDMB 035; 051
Castro, 2007
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Trichomycterus transandianum
X X X X NMW 44475 (?)
(Steindachner, 1915)
Trichomycterus uisae
X X X Castellanos-Morales 2008
Castellanos, 2008
Trichomycterus unicolor
X X X X BMNH 1913.10.1.42-43
(Regan, 1913)
Trichomycterus venulosus
X X X NMW 44476
(Steindachner, 1915)
Tridensimilis venezuelae
X Galvis et al. 2007a
Schultz, 1944
Vandellia beccarii Di
X Lasso et al. 2004
Caporiacco, 1935
Callichthyidae
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Corydoras septentrionalis
X Lasso et al. 2004
Gosline, 1940
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Astroblepidae
Astroblepus cyclopus
X X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005
(Humboldt, 1805)
Astroblepus frenatus
X X X X X FMNH 58384 [ex CM 7380]
Eigenmann, 1918
Astroblepus guentheri
X X X X BMNH 1880.2.26.18-25
(Boulenger, 1887)
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Astroblepus marmoratus
X X X BMNH 1899.8.21.10-11
(Regan, 1904)
Loricariidae
Hypoptopomatinae
Hypoptopoma psilogaster
X Ferraris Jr. 2007
Fowler, 1915
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Hypoptopoma steindachneri
X Lasso et al. 2004
Boulenger, 1895
Loricariinae
Apistoloricaria listrorhinos
X X X X ANSP 131482
Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1988
Crossoloricaria cephalaspis
X X X BMNH 1947.7.1.228
Isbrücker, 1979
Dasyloricaria latiura
X X X FMNH 55115; USNM 79219
(Eigenmann & Vance, 1912)
Dasyloricaria seminuda
X X X FMNH 55113, 55114, 55116; IU 12694
(Eigenmann & Vance, 1912)
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Lamontichthys maracaibero
X Galvis et al. 2007a
Taphorn & Lilyestrom, 1984
Loricariichthys brunneus
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Hancock, 1828)
Planiloricaria cryptodon
X Ortega et al. 2006
(Isbrücker, 1971)
Pterosturisoma microps
X Ortega et al. 2006
(Eigenmann & Allen, 1942)
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Rineloricaria eigenmanni
X Galvis et al. 2007a
(Pellegrin, 1908)
Rineloricaria magdalenae
X X X X NMW 45080; NMW 45800
(Steindachner, 1879)
Spatuloricaria atratoensis
X X X USNM 93810
Schultz, 1944
Spatuloricaria caquetae
X X X ANSP 70526, 70527
(Fowler, 1943)
Spatuloricaria euacanthagenys
X X X ANSP 71718
Isbrücker, 1979
Sturisoma aureum
X X X X X ZSM [old collection] destroyed in WWII
(Steindachner, 1900)
Sturisoma tenuirostre
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Steindachner, 1910)
Sturisomatichthys caquetae
X X X ANSP 71719
(Fowler, 1945)
Hypostominae
Aphanotorulus ammophilus
X IAvH-P 3836-3839*
Armbruster & Page, 1996
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Aphanotorulus unicolor
X Ortega et al. 2006
(Steindachner, 1908)
Hypostomus carinatus
X IAvH-P 3934*
(Steindachner, 1881)
Hypostomus plecostomus
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Hypostomus sculpodon
X Lasso et al. 2004
Armbruster, 2003
Hypostomus varimaculosus
X X ANSP 71707
(Fowler, 1945)
Pterygoplichthys undecimalis
X X X X NMW 47224, 47220-22
(Steindachner, 1878)
Pseudorinelepis genibarbis
X Galvis et al. 2007a
(Valenciennes, 1840)
Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Hancock, 1828)
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Ancistrinae
Ancistrus macrophthalmus
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Pellegrin, 1912)
Chaetostoma aburrensis
X X X No types known
(Posada, 1909)
Chaetostoma alternifasciatum
X X X ANSP 71711, 71712-15
Fowler, 1945
Chaetostoma brevilabiatum
X X X ZMUL
Dahl, 1942
Chaetostoma dorsale
X Lasso et al. 2004
Eigenmann, 1922
Chaetostoma dupouii
X IAvH-P 3369*
Fernández-Yépez, 1945
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Chaetostoma marginatum
X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005
Regan, 1904
Chaetostoma paucispinis
X X X BMNH 1910.7.11.119
Regan, 1912
Chaetostoma tachiraense
X Galvis et al. 1997
Schultz, 1944
Chaetostoma sovichthys
X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005
Schultz, 1944
Cordylancistrus platyrhynchus
X X X ANSP 70512, 70513-15
(Fowler, 1943)
Dekeyseria scaphyrhyncha
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Kner, 1854)
Dolichancistrus atratoensis
X X X ICNMHN 51, 46 (now apparently 48)
(Dahl, 1960)
Dolichancistrus fuesslii
X X X NMW 48026
(Steindachner, 1911)
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Dolichancistrus setosus
X X X? BMNH 1880.2.26.9-10
(Boulenger, 1887)
Hemiancistrus guahiborum
Lasso et al. 2004, Maldonado-Ocampo et
Werneke, Armbruster, Lujan & X
al. 2006b
Taphorn, 2005
Hemiancistrus holostictus
X X X X BMNH 1913.10.1.57
Regan, 1913
Hemiancistrus wilsoni
X X X X FMNH 58550 [ex CM 7570], 58551
Eigenmann, 1918
Hypancistrus contradens
Armbruster, Lujan & Taphorn, X IAvH-P 5676*
2007
Hypancistrus lunaorum
Armbruster, Lujan & Taphorn, X IAvH-P 7044*
2007
Lasiancistrus guacharote
X Armbruster 2005
(Valenciennes, 1840)
Lasiancistrus schomburgkii
X Armbruster 2005
(Günther, 1864)
Lasiancistrus tentaculatus
X IAvH-P 5100-5105*
Armbruster, 2005
Panaqolus albomaculatus
X Galvis et al. 2007b
(Kanazawa, 1958)
Panaque cochliodon
X X X NMW 47297-98
(Steindachner, 1879)
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Pseudancistrus orinoco
ICNMHN 1200, 1201; ZMA 119882;
(Isbrücker, Nijssen & Cala, X X
ZMUL 972/3482
1988)
Pseudolithoxus dumus
(Armbruster & Provenzano, X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
2000)
Pseudolithoxus tigris
(Armbruster & Provenzano, X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
2000)
Pseudopimelodidae
Batrochoglanis
Mojica et al. 2004, Ortega-Lara et al
acanthochiroides (Günther, X
2006b
1942)
Batrochoglanis transmontanus
X X X X BMNH 1910.7.11.105
(Regan, 1913)
Cephalosilurus apurensis
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Mees, 1978)
Pseudopimelodus schultzi
X X X? X X Holotype: No types known
(Dahl, 1955)
Heptapteridae
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Cetopsorhamdia nasus
X X X FMNH 58126 [ex CM 7124]
Eigenmann & Fisher, 1916
Cetopsorhamdia orinoco
X Lasso et al. 2004
Schultz, 1944
Cetopsorhamdia phantasia
X Ortega et al. 2006
Stewart, 1985
Gladioglanis conquistador
Lundberg, Bornbusch & Mago- X Galvis et al. 2007b
Leccia, 1991
Imparfinis nemacheir
X X X X FMNH 58127 [ex CM 7125]
(Eigenmann & Fisher, 1916)
Imparfinis pseudonemacheir
X Lasso et al. 2004
Mees & Cala, 1989
Leptorhamdia marmorata
X Lasso et al. 2004
Myers, 1928
Phenacorhamdia nigrolineata
X IAvH-P 10948*
Zarske 1998
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Pimelodella hasemani
X Ortega et al. 2006
Eigenmann, 1917
Pimelodidae
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Duopalatinus peruanus
X Lasso et al. 2004
Eigenmann & Allen, 1942
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Megalonema orixanthum
X X ANSP 187449 (ex ANSP 148143)
Lundberg & Dahdul, 2008
Megalonema psammium
X Galvis et al. 1997
Schultz, 1944
Pimelodus coprophagus
B2c X Mojica et al. 2002
Schultz, 1944
Pimelodus grosskopfii
X X X X X NMW 45781-82
Steindachner, 1879
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Pseudoplatystoma
magdaleniatum Buitrago-Suárez X X A1d X CAS 19165; FMNH 56278, 59234
& Burr, 2007
Pseudoplatystoma metaense
X X X ANSP 146858, 128135, 149541
Buitrago-Suárez & Burr, 2007
Pseudoplatystoma orinocoense
X Buitrago-Suárez & Burr 2007
Buitrago-Suárez & Burr, 2007
Pseudoplatystoma punctifer
X Buitrago-Suárez & Burr 2007
(Castelnau, 1855)
Ariidae
Doradidae
Acanthodoras spinosissimus
Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo
(Eigenmann & Eigenmann, X X
2006, Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
1888)
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Amblydoras gonzalezi
X X Lasso et al. 2004, Galvis et al. 2007b
(Fernández-Yépez, 1968)
Amblydoras hancockii
X IAvH-P 747*, 1075*, 1181*, 2807*
(Valenciennes, 1840)
Anduzedoras oxyrhynchus
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Valenciennes, 1821)
Leptodoras acipenserinus
X IAvH-P 257*, 258*
(Günther, 1868)
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Orinocodoras eigenmanni
X Lasso et al. 2004
Myers, 1927
Platydoras armatulus
X X IAvH-P 491*, 859*, 1037*, 6050-6053*
(Valenciennes, 1840)
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Auchenipteridae
A1d,
Ageneiosus pardalis Lütken,
A2d, X X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2005, 2006a
1874
B2c
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Auchenipterus brachyurus
X Galvis et al. 2007b
(Cope, 1878)
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Tetranematichthys quadrifilis
X X Lasso et al. 2004, IAvH-P 9084*
(Kner, 1858)
Trachelyichthys decaradiatus
X Galvis et al. 2007a
Mees, 1974
Trachelyopterichthys anduzei
X Maldonado-Ocampo et al. 2006b
Ferraris & Fernandez, 1987
Trachelyopterus insignis
X X X X Syntypes NMW, status unknown
(Steindachner, 1878)
Gymnotiformes
Gymnotidae
Electrophorus electricus
X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Gymnotus anguillaris
X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
Hoedeman, 1962
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Sternopygidae
Distocyclus conirostris
X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
(Eigenmann & Allen, 1942)
Eigenmannia humboldtii
X X X NMW 64988, ?64989
(Steindachner, 1878)
Eigenmannia macrops
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Boulenger, 1897)
Eigenmannia virescens
X X X X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
(Valenciennes, 1842)
Rhabdolichops caviceps
X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
(Fernández-Yépez, 1968)
Sternopygus aequilabiatus
X X X No types known
(Humboldt, 1805)
Rhamphichthyidae
Gymnorhamphichthys
X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
hypostomus Ellis, 1912
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Gymnorhamphichthys rondoni
X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
(Miranda Ribeiro, 1920)
Rhamphichthys drepanium
X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
Triques, 1999
Rhamphichthys marmoratus
X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
Castelnau, 1855
Rhamphichthys rostratus
X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
(Linnaeus, 1776)
Hypopomidae
Brachyhypopomus beebi
X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
(Schultz, 1944)
Brachyhypopomus brevirostris
X X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
(Steindachner, 1868)
Brachyhypopomus occidentalis
X X X X BMNH 1914.5.18.94-98
(Regan, 1914)
Brachyhypopomus
X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
pinnicaudatus (Hopkins, 1991)
Microsternarchus bilineatus
X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
Fernández-Yépez, 1968
Steatogenys elegans
X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
(Steindachner, 1880)
Stegostenopos cryptogenes
X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
Triques, 1997
Apteronotidae
Adontosternarchus balaneops
X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
(Cope, 1878)
Adontosternarchus clarkae
Mago-Leccia, Lundberg & X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
Baskin, 1985
Adontosternarchus devenanzii
Mago-Leccia, Lundberg & X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
Baskin, 1985
Apteronotus albifrons
X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Apteronotus apurensis
X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
Fernández-Yépez, 1968
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Apteronotus bonapartii
X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
(Castelnau, 1855)
Apteronotus leptorhynchus
X X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
(Ellis, 1912)
Apteronotus macrostomus
X X X ANSP 70528
(Fowler, 1943)
Platyurosternarchus
X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
macrostomus (Günther, 1870)
Sternarchella schotti
X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
(Steindachner, 1868)
Sternarchorhamphus muelleri
X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
(Steindachner, 1882)
Sternarchogiton nattereri
X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
(Steindachner, 1868)
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Sternarchorhynchus mormyrus
X X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
(Steindachner, 1868)
Sternarchorhynchus
oxyrhynchus (Müller & X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
Troschel, 1849)
Sternarchorhynchus roseni
X Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2003
Mago-Leccia, 1994
Batrachoidiformes
Batrachoididae
Daector quadrizonatus
X X X X FMNH [ex CM 3921] (missing)
(Eigenmann, 1922)
Cyprinodontiformes
Rivulidae
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Poeciliidae
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Priapichthys nigroventralis
X X X X FMNH 56045; BMNH 1913.10.1.68
(Eigenmann & Henn, 1912)
Beloniformes
Belonidae
Synbranchiformes
Synbranchidae
Perciformes
Sciaenidae
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Polycentridae
Cichlidae
Aequidens coeruleopunctatus
X Mojica et al. 2004
(Kner & Steindachner, 1863)
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Apistogramma hongsloi
X X X NRM 11234, 11235-39
Kullander, 1979
Apistogramma iniridae
X X X X NRM 11224, 11225-30; IRSNB 15.223
Kullander, 1979
Apistogrammoides
X Kulander 2003
pucallpaensis Meinken, 1965
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Bujurquina huallagae
X Ortega et al. 2006
Kullander, 1986
Chaetobranchus semifasciatus
X IAvH-P 5662*
Steindachner, 1875
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Cichlasoma atromaculatum
X X X BMNH 1910.7.11.83-88
Regan, 1912
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Dicrossus maculatus
X Galvis et al. 2007a
Steindachner, 1875
Geophagus crassilabris
X Mojica et al. 2004
Steindachner, 1876
Geophagus steindachneri
X X X NMW 23289-90
Eigenmann & Hildebrand, 1910
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Mikrogeophagus altispinosus
X Galvis et al. 2007b
(Haseman, 1911)
Mikrogeophagus ramirezi
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Myers & Harry, 1948)
Mag-
Taxa DC EN CT Amz Ori Pac Car Collections/References
Cauc
Satanoperca mapiritensis
X Lasso et al. 2004
(Fernández-Yépez, 1950)
Eleotridae
Pleuronectiformes
Achiridae
Tetraodontiformes
Tetraodontidae
size, the diversity of major groups of fishes that contribute (e.g., Ctenolucius beani, Vari, 1995: fig. 26). In a comparable
to that fauna is impressive, with these ranging from fashion, species that inhabit the coastal rivers of the Pacific
chondrichthyans to tetraodontiforms. slope of southwestern Colombia such as the Río Patia and
Río Mira basins and sometimes more northerly basins will
Endemic species occasionally also occur in the drainages of Esmeraldas
Province of northwestern Ecuador (e.g., Pseudochalceus
The designations of endemic species in the present work longianalis, Géry, 1972; Pseudocurimata lineopunctata,
(311 species), run the gamut of degrees of certainty. In Vari, 1989: fig. 26). Thus, when using the Checklist it is
some instances, we confidently consider these species as critical to keep in mind that citations of a species as being
true endemics for Colombia based on recent comprehensive restricted to the freshwater systems of Colombia are often at
species-level analyses. Species that we can identify with best a tentative hypothesis based on the present incomplete
certainty as limited to Colombia differ dramatically in the knowledge of the freshwater fishes in the countries of
extent of their distributions within that country. At one northwestern South America. A prime example of the scale
extreme, we have forms with broad distributions through of the uncertainty is the recently reported occurrence of the
several rivers to the west of the Andean Cordilleras (e.g., very distinctive genus Lepidosiren Fitzinger, 1837 in the
Prochilodus magdalenae Steindachner, 1879, in the Ríos Orinoco basin (Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo
Atrato, Cauca, Magdalena, and Sinú). Yet other likely 2006b). Collecting efforts are necessary in the Río Tomo
endemics occur in restricted portions of some of major and adjoining regions in order to confirm the presence of
river basins (e.g., Callichthys fabricioi Román-Valencia, this species in the Orinoco basin. At the same time, the
Lehmann & Muñoz, 1999, Genycharax tarpon Eigenmann, literature is replete with erroneous citations of species
1912, Parodon caliensis Boulenger, 1895, and Apteronotus from a country or region based on misidentifications or
magdalenensis (Miles, 1945) within the Río Magdalena unfamiliarity with recent revisionary publications.
basin; Spatuloricara atratoensis Schultz, 1944, in the Río
Atrato; Malacoglanis gelatinosus Myers & Weitzman, Type localities
1966, in the Río Caquetá; and Apistoloricaria listrorhinos
Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1988, in the Río Meta). The last The preponderance of type locations within the trans-
three of these species have not been collected since their Andean regions of the country reflects the historical
original descriptions (Mojica et al. 2002). Finally, there are emphasis on exploration for fishes in that region, with that
a number of Colombian endemic fish species with known focus extending back to the colonial period (Humboldt
distributions restricted to small rivers such as the Río 1805a,b). A likely primary factor accounting for this
Jurubidá of the Pacific versant [e.g., Apteronotus jurubidae geographic focus was the greater accessibility to that
and Cetopsis jurubidae (Fowler, 1944)]. portion of the country to ichthyological collectors during
that era. This tendency to focus on the fishes of the rivers
More problematic, when it comes to the question of actual of the trans-Andean region continued past independence as
within country endemicity, are species now known solely evidenced by the Steindachner’s publications (1878, 1880)
from Colombia, but that dwell in drainage basins that extend on fishes of the Río Magdalena and Río Cauca basins.
into the territory of other countries. Most significant in that Eigenmann’s collecting expeditions and the publications
regard are the Río Orinoco and Río Amazonas systems resulting from the fishes that he collected (1912, 1913,
and the Lago Maracaibo basin. The ichthyofaunas in those 1914a, 1914b, 1914c, 1917a,b, 1920a, 1920b, 1921,
major systems are far from well known; a generality that 1924) similarly largely focused on the regions west of
particularly applies to the Orinoco and Amazon basins, the Cordillera Occidental. As would be expected from its
most notably the latter. Many often speciose genera in geomorphological complexity, the trans-Andean regions
these basins are still poorly resolved taxonomically at the has a proportionally high number of discrete river systems
species level and with species distributions inadequately that are home to a high percentage of endemic species; a
demarcated. In these instances, there is a distinct possibility factor that further increases the number of species known
that a species now known only from the Colombian portions from the western drainages.
of one of those basins actually has a distribution extending
into Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela or some combination Type localities for a number of species are inexact or in
of those countries (Amazon basin) or into Venezuela some instances incorrect, an issue that complicates the
(Río Orinoco or Lago Maracaibo basins). Similarly, it determination of species ranges. Resolution of the identity
is also possible that species now reported only from far of various species is further complicated by type series
northwestern Colombia (Río Atrato basin), might extend that are in poor condition or in some instances unknown.
into Panama or beyond. Such trans-border distributions The problem of lost type series of Colombian fishes is
occur in some freshwater species analyzed in recent years particularly prevalent among the species described by
Dahl and Miles. As discussed by Cala (1981) and apparent within the mainstream of the Río Casiquiare serves as
from the information in the Checklist, many type series a semi-filter to ichthyofaunal exchange between the
of species described by those authors remain missing Orinoco and Amazon basins (Winemiller et al. 2008) with
notwithstanding attempts to locate that material by Cala consequent differences in those faunas. As in apparent
and other Colombian ichthyologists. It seems unlikely that from Figure 1, the Colombian portions of the Río Orinoco
these series are still extant other than for paratypes of some include a complex of large river systems (Ríos Guaviare,
of Mile’s species that he deposited in North American Inírida, Meta, Arauca, Tomo, Tuparro). Some of these
collections. Resolution of many systematic problems drain lower elevation regions of the Orinoco basin (e.g.,
involving the affected nominal freshwater species, thus, Río Tomo) whereas others extend to the Andes (e.g., Río
necessitates the collection of new, preferably topotypic, Guaviare). In a preliminary study, Lasso et al. (2004b)
samples in order that those nominal species can be delimited 18 biogeographic regions within the Orinoco
thoroughly redescribed. basin based on differences in the composition of the fish
fauna. Of that total, nine regions fall within the Colombian
Why so many species? portion of the Orinoco basin. The underlying differences
in the ichthyofauna across that region in combination
Many factors contribute to the relative richness of with geographical gradients, complex hydrology, and
the Colombian fish fauna, with a few of likely major history contribute to the significant degree of species-
importance. Paramount among these is the large number level endemicity in the Orinoco basin. That river system
of independent drainage systems that fall, at least in is consequently a major contributor to the total number of
part, within the boundaries of the country. Not only does species in the Colombian ichthyofauna (Lasso et al. 2004a;
Colombia include within its borders the Río Magdalena, Galvis et al. 2007a).
by far the largest river system of trans-Andean South
America, but it also encompasses significant portions of The final and smallest of the cis-Andean Colombian
several major cis-Andean drainage basins. Particularly river systems is the Río Catatumbo that lies within the
prominent is the Amazon basin, with the mainstream southwestern portion of the Lago Maracaibo basin. The
Río Amazonas forming the boundary of the far southern fishes in the river systems of the Lago Maracaibo basin are
reaches of Colombia. Equally important in terms of the all specifically distinct for those groups of fishes recently
contributions of that basin to the overall national fish comprehensively revised. Notwithstanding its relatively
fauna is the fact that the remaining Amazonian portions small size, the Río Catatumbo, thus, contributes a number
of Colombia encompass headwaters of both the western of species to the Colombian fish fauna.
tributaries of the main Amazon River (Río Putumayo,
Río Caquetá and its tributary Río Apaporis) and the Río The trans-Andean region of Colombia had a particularly
Negro, the major northern tributary of the Amazon. The complex geological history (Hoorn et al. 1995). Tectonic
Río Putumayo and Río Caquetá differ to varying extents events associated with the uplift of the Andean cordilleras
in the composition of their fish faunas from the Río Negro produced multiple now isolated trans-Andean river systems,
and its tributaries the Río Vaupés and Río Guainía and to albeit with differing levels of possible interconnectedness
degrees from the ichthyofauna of the mainstream Amazon. in the past. In size, these drainages range from the
Thus, each of these river systems (Ríos Caquetá, Negro, northern-flowing Río Magdalena, the largest drainage in
and Putumayo) contributes many unique species to the trans-Andean South America, through intermediate sized
totality of the Colombian freshwater fish fauna. rivers such as to Río Atrato, to the numerous smaller rivers
and streams that drain the Pacific and Caribbean versants
The more northerly portions of the eastern reaches of of Colombia.
Colombia also include a major portion of the species
rich Río Orinoco basin. The expanses of the Río Orinoco Superimposed on the topographic changes in Colombia and
system include a diversity of habitat types and the basin adjoining regions were major shifts in climatic conditions
has a complex geological history including a broad through time (Baker et al. 2001). Shifts in climate resulted,
connection with the Rio Amazonas system until the in turn, in episodic expansions and contractions of habitat
Miocene (Hoorn 1994; Hoorn et al. 1995). The tectonically suitable for the different groups of fishes within the then
driven separation of the Orinoco and Amazon presumably extant drainage basins (Fernández & Schaefer 2005; Smith
set the stage for the subsequent evolution of the significant & Bermingham 2005). The synergy of these large-scale
differences in the composition of the ichthyofaunas in geomorphological and climatic factors set the stage for the
those basins. Although the species rich Río Orinoco is evolution of the numerous species of fishes now that are
connected to the south-flowing Rio Negro of the Amazon endemic to varying geographic scales within the drainage
basin via the Río Casiquiare, the gradient in water types basins of Colombia.
Further contributing to the species-level richness of the wetlands barely above sea level along the lower reaches of
continental Colombian fish fauna is the diversity of water the streams and rivers draining the Caribbean and Pacific
types in the drainages of the country. Underlying soil types slopes of the country. Similar lentic systems are common
varying in acidity, dissolved solids, and available nutrients in the llanos (floodplains) of the Río Orinoco basin and
result in often dramatically different water chemistries both in Amazonian lowlands. Yet other species are adapted for
between and within river basins. Major drainage system life in the more rapidly flowing mid-elevation rivers and
types include white water streams and rivers carrying streams of the piedmonts of the Andean Cordilleras and
significant suspended sediment loads eroded from the isolated uplands such as the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
slopes of the Andes and piedmont uplands, various clear and the Serranias de La Macarena and Chiribiquete. At the
water drainages, and acidic blackwater rivers that course other extreme are dozens of species with the morphological,
through and drain lowland rain forests. Many fish species physiological, and behavioral adaptations prerequisite for
are specialized physiologically and anatomically for life dwelling in the swift-flowing Andean rivers and streams in
in particular water types; an association reflected in their the western, central, and eastern cordilleras (Maldonado-
geographic distributions. This results in major shifts in the Ocampo et al. 2005) and the Sierra Nevada de Santa
composition of fish faunas at both the species and generic Marta. Differences in stream structure often correlate with
levels between rivers of different water types. Pronounced elevational gradients and further influence the distribution of
ranges in the relative fish biomass often parallel the many species. The sum of the differences in velocity, water
differences in water types. These phenomena of varying temperature, and primary productivity across the drainage
community composition and relative biomass occur to systems of Colombia result in fish communities that differ
differing degrees across the spectrum from major river not only in species-level richness and composition, but
systems (e.g., the black water Rio Negro, Goulding et al. also in overall fish biomass.
1988) to much more limited drainage scales, sometimes
with variation even within smaller river basins (Arbeláez Future Directions
et al. 2008).
Neotropical ichthyology is a dynamic research field with
Soil types not only affect water chemistry and levels the pace of formal descriptions of new species of freshwater
of suspended solids, but directly influence the form of fishes accelerating (over 80 new species described during
the riparian vegetation (e.g., rainforest versus savanna) 2007; Catalog of Fishes). Some of the new species described
bordering water bodies; variation that, in turn, has in recent years originated from locations within Colombia.
consequences for the ichthyofauna. Alternative types In many other instances, the samples of the new nominal
of vegetation along margins of watercourses result in forms originated from portions of the Río Orinoco, Río
different degrees of shading, a factor affecting the presence Amazonas, and Lago Maracaibo basins variably proximate
versus absence of some species of fishes. Differing forms to the borders of Colombia. The distribution of many of
of riparian vegetation also determine the type and levels these species likely extends into Colombia notwithstanding
of allochthonous animal and plant items input into water the present lack of records from that country.
bodies. Many species of fishes are specialized to exploit
particular types of animals and plant matter that falls into Arriving at a definitive listing of the species of fishes
streams and water bodies, with alternative food items inhabiting Colombian freshwaters is a long-term endeavor
leading to differences in fish community composition. necessitating progress along two primary fronts. Attaining
Similarly, variation in the type of plants bordering a water that goal first requires a thorough sampling of all continental
body results in differences in substrates and subaquatic aquatic systems in Colombia. Various freshwater systems in
habitat complexity (leaves and woody detritus of differing Colombia, particularly in the vast cis-Andean region remain
scales; varying degrees of submerged parts of terrestrial inadequately collected ichthyologically. Nonetheless, we
plants along water margins) utilized by different species must not lose sight of the fact that even river systems that
of fishes. Those allochthonous factors further contribute to have been long the foci of ichthyological sampling continue
differences in the composition of fish communities. to yield new species of fishes. Equally, or more, critical for
arriving at an approximation of the species-level diversity
The range in topographic relief within Colombia results are comprehensive revisionary studies encompassing
in pronounced differences in water conditions beyond all genera and families living in Colombian and indeed
water chemistry and is yet another factor contributing to Neotropical freshwaters (Vari & Malabarba 1998). Recent
the speciose nature of the freshwater ichthyofauna of the comprehensive species-level analyses have demonstrated
country. Numerous of the species of freshwater fishes in that forms previously believed to have broad geographic
that fauna are specialized for the lentic water conditions distributions in Colombia and adjoining countries are in
common in the rivers, ciénagas (ponds and swamps), and many instances instead multi-species complexes (e.g.,
the multiple species in what was previously recognized species between separate drainage systems, pollution from
as Creagrutus beni Vari & Harold 2001: 78). Revisionary diverse sources, impoundments, mining activities either
studies on that scale furthermore often reveal that long directly in river channels or causing increased siltation,
recognized species sometimes dramatically underestimate diversion of water for agricultural, domestic, and industrial
the actual number of species present in a genus. One example purposes, deforestation with consequent changes in annual
involves the 67 now recognized species of Creagrutus; a flow patterns and water quality within drainage basins, and
number three and one-half times the 19 species recognized numerous other smaller scale impacts.
in the genus prior to 1994 (Harold & Vari 1994; Vari &
Harold 2001; Vari & Lima 2003; Ribeiro et al. 2004; Incomplete data hampers our efforts to estimate the
Torres-Mejía & Vari 2005). Comprehensive revisions are true scale of these anthropogenic impacts at both local
also invaluable in furthering the identification of additional and national scales. Nonetheless, available information
previously unrecognized species by subsequent researchers indicates that some Colombian fish species have gone
(Reis 2004); a phenomenon illustrated for Colombia by extinct (Rhizosomichthys totae, Mojica et al. 2002;
Creagrutus (Torres-Mejía & Vari 2005). Trichomycterus venulosus, Prada-Pedreros et al. 2006;
Notarius bonillai, Acero & Betancur 2006) and that many
Conservation challenges are threatened (Mojica et al. 2002). Many threatened
species had historically limited geographic ranges and
Any compendium of the ichthyofauana of any major region likely smaller populations, factors that increased their
in the Neotropics will at present underestimate the actual vulnerability to habitat modification, fisheries, and other
species-level diversity. The degree to which the count of deleterious human activities. Alternatively, anthropogenic
freshwater fish species in this Checklist falls short of the activities adversely affected other endangered species
actual total is impossible to estimate given the dramatically notwithstanding their originally extensive populations and
speciose nature of the fish fauna, most of which has yet- relatively broad distributional ranges (see Mojica et al.
to-be critically analyzed. Compounding the problem 2002).
are the major regions of the country and specialized
habitats (e.g., deep river channels) that remain unexplored An understanding of the diversity of the freshwater
ichthyologically to varying degrees. Notwithstanding ichthyofauna of Colombia is crucial so that scientists,
those limitations, the evidence at hand demonstrates that policy makers, resources managers, and members of the
many of the fish species reported from the rivers, streams, public can better evaluate the impact of man’s activities
wetlands, and lakes of Colombia are threatened to varying on the freshwater fishes within the country. Although
degrees, a pervasive problem for freshwater ichthyofaunas still incomplete, this Checklist provides as a baseline for
world-wide (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005; continuing studies of Colombian inland fishes. Future
Revenga et al. 2005). Indeed, the evidence documents research will result in additions to, and refinements of, our
that freshwater fishes are the most threatened group knowledge of that species-level diversity of that fauna,
of vertebrates across the world (Dudgeon et al. 2005; major components of which remain poorly understood or
Chapman et al. 2008). Deleterious anthropogenic activities in many instances unknown. This listing will also provide
impacting the Colombian freshwater ichthyofauna include the foundation for additional studies of all aspects of the
overfishing for human consumption and the aquarium ecology, life history, conservation, and sustainable use of
trade, introductions of exotic species, movement of native the freshwater ichthyofauna of Colombia.
Acknowledgments
The Alexander von Humboldt Institute funded research associated with the project during the last four years (JAM). The
Herbert R. and Evelyn Axelrod Chair in Systematic Ichthyology supported this project at the National Museum of Natural
History, Smithsonian Institution (RPV). WWF Switzerland and WWF Colombia financed several investigations that provided
information for this project within the framework of the project “Conservation and sustainable management of the freshwater
biodiversity in Amazon – Orinoco transitional zone” (JSU). JAM is grateful to CNPq-TWAS Postgraduate Fellowships
program for support during this project. We are indebted to three anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions on the
manuscript. Leidy Johanna Cuadros and César Freddy Suárez from the SIG of WWF Colombia developed the map.
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Dipterology, with special reference to collectors Bryconamericus (Ostariophysi: Characidae)
(1870-1905). MZUSP, São Paulo, vol 1, 446pp. del río Magdalena, con una clave para las espe-
cies de Colombia. Revista de Biologia Tropical
Posada A. (1909). Los peces. pp 285-322 En: Estudios 56(4):1749-1763
cientificos del doctor Andres Posada con algunos
otros escritos suyos sobre diversos temas, Im- Sabaj M. H. (2005). Taxonomic assessment of Leptodo-
prenta Oficial, Medellín ras (Siluriformes: Doradidae) with descriptions
of three new species. Neotropical Ichthyology
Prada-Pedreros S., C. A. Rivera-Rondón, J. Guerrero- 3(4):637-678
Kommritz. (2006). Trichomycterus venulosus
(Steindachner, 1915): possible extinct species Sabaj-Pérez M. H., J. L. O. Birindelli. (2008). Taxonomic
from the Páramo de Cruz Verde (Cundinamarca, revision of extant Doras Lacepède, 1803 (Silu-
Colombia). Biota Colombiana 7(1):163-166 riformes: Doradidae) with descriptions of three
new species. Proceedings of the Academy of Nat-
Regan C. T. (1905). On drawings of fishes of the Rio ural Sciences of Philadelphia 157:189-233
Negro. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of
London 1905:189-190 de Santana C. D., J. A. Maldonado-Ocampo. (2005). A
new species of ghost knifefish (Otophysi: Gym-
Regan C. T. (1913). The fishes of the San Juan River, Co- notiformes: Apteronotidae) from the Cauca
lombia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History River, Colombia. Ichthyological Exploration of
Series 8 12:462-473 Freshwater 16(3):223-230
Regan C. T. (1914). Fishes from the Condoto River, Colom- de Santana C. D., J. A. Maldonado-Ocampo, W. Severi,
bia, collected by Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell Annals and G.N. Mendes. (2004). Apteronotus eschmey-
Magazine of Natural History Series 8 14:31-33 eri a new species of ghost knifefish from the
Magdalena Basin, Colombia (Gymnotiformes: Torres-Mejía M., R. P. Vari. (2005). New species of Cre-
Apteronotidae). Zootaxa 410:1-11 agrutus (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae)
from the Río Magdalena basin, Colombia. Co-
Sarmento-Soares L. M., R. F. Martins-Pinheiro. (2008). peia 2005:812-817
A systematic review of Tatia (Siluriformes:
Auchenipteridae: Centromochlinae). Neotropi- Vari R. P. (1989). Systematics of the Neotropical characi-
cal Ichthyology 6(3):495-542 form genus Pseudocurimata Fernández-Yépez
(Pisces: Ostariophysi). Smithsonian Contribu-
Schindler I., W. Staeck. (2008). Dicrossus gladicauda sp. tions to Zoology 490:1-28
n. – a new species of crenicarine dwarf cichlids
(Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Co- Vari R. P. (1995). The Neotropical fish family Ctenolucii-
lombia, South-America. Vertebrate Zoology dae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes): su-
58(1):67-73 pra and intrafamilial phylogenetic relationships,
with a revisionary study. Smithsonian Contribu-
Sidlauskas B.L., J.C. Garavello, J. Jellen. (2007). A new tions to Zoology 564:1-97
Schizodon (Characiformes: Anostomidae) from
the Río Orinoco System, with a redescription Vari R. P., C. J. Ferraris Jr. (2006). The catfish genus
of S. isognathus from the Río Paraguay System. Tetranematichthys (Auchenipteridae). Copeia
Copeia 2007:711-725 2006:168-180
Sidlauskas B.L., R. P. Vari. (2008). Phylogenetic rela- Vari R. P., C.J. Ferraris Jr., M. C. C. de Pinna. (2005).
tionships within the South American fish family The Neotropical whale catfishes (Siluriformes:
Anostomidae (Teleostei, Ostariophysi, Characi- Cetopsidae: Cetopsinae); a revisionary study.
Neotropical Ichthyology 3(2):127-238
formes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean So-
ciety 154:70-210
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the Neotropical fish genera Creagrutus Günther
Smith S. A., E. Bermingham. (2005). The biogeography
and Piabina Reinhardt (Teleostei: Ostariophysi:
of lower Mesoamerican freshwater fishes. Jour-
Characiformes), with a revision of the Cis-Ande-
nal of Biogeography 32:1835-1854
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ogy 613:1-239
Steindachner F. (1878). Zur Fischfauna des Magdalene-
Stomes. Denkschriften der Mathematisch-Na-
Vari R. P., F. C. T. Lima. (2003). New species of Creagru-
turwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen tus (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) from
Akademie deer Wissenschaften, Wien 39:19-78, the Rio Uaupés basin, Brazil. Copeia 2003:583-
pls. 1-15 587
Steindachner F. (1880). Zur Fisch-Fauna des Cauca und Vari R. P., L. Malabarba. (1998). Neotropical Ichthyolo-
der Flüsse bei Guayaquil. Denkschriften der gy: An overview. pp. 23-142 En: L. Malabarba,
Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe R. Reis, R. P. Vari, C. Lucena, M. Lucena. (eds.).
der Kaiserlichen Akademie deer Wissenschaften, Phylogeny and Classification of Neotropical
Wien 42:55-104, pls. 1-9 Fishes. Edipucrs, Porto Alegre, Brasil
Toledo-Piza M. (2000). The Neotropical Fish Subfamily Villa-Navarro F. A., P. T. Zúñiga-Upegui, D. Castro-Roa,
Cynodontinae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characi- J. E. García-Melo, L. J. García-Melo, M. E.
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Cynodon and Rhaphiodon. American Museum cuenca del río Magdalena, Colombia. Biota Co-
Novitates 3286:1-88 lombiana 7(1):3-22
Toledo-Piza M., N. A. Menezes, G. Mendes dos Santos. Wallace A.R. (2002). Peixes do Rio Negro, Fishes of the
(1999). Revision of the neotropical fish genus Rio Negro. Alfred Russel Wallace (1850-1852).
Hydrolycus (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Cy- Organization, introductory text, and translation
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cies. Ichthyological Explorations of Freshwaters Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil,
10(3):255-280 517pp.
Winemiller K. O., H. López-Fernández, D. C. Taphorn, Zanata A. M., M. Toledo-Piza (2004). Taxonomic revi-
L. G. Nico, A. Barbarino Duque. (2008). Fish as- sion of the South American fish genus Chalceus
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Orinoco and Amazon basins. Journal of Bioge- logical Journal of the Linnean Society 140:103-
ography 35:1551-1563 135
Genycharax tarpon
Recibido: 28/11/2008
Aceptado: 24/12/2008
1. Nombre(s) completo(s) del(os) autor(es), y direcciones para envío de correspondencia (es indispensable suministrar una dirección de correo electrónico para
comunicación directa)
2. Titulo completo del Manuscrito
3. Nombres, tamaños y tipos de archivos suministrados
4. Lista de mínimo 2 o 3 revisores1 que puedan evaluar el manuscrito, con sus respectivas direcciones.
LISTA DE INSTRUCCIONES
- Para la presentación del manuscrito configure las páginas de los textos en tamaño carta, márgenes de 2,5cm en todos los lados, doble espacio y alineación hacia
la izquierda (incluyendo título y bibliografía).
- Las tablas donde se presentan los listados taxonómicos, no necesitan de una configuración de página específica. Simplemente se requiere que todas las columnas
estén dentro de una misma página (no se aceptan columnas en páginas separadas). Evite el uso de bordes de cualquier tipo en la edición de las tablas.
- ?En la construcción de las tablas use encabezados para las columnas UNICAMENTE en la primera hoja. Continúe siempre las tablas en hojas nuevas con
registros nuevos; NUNCA corte la información de un registro para continuarlo en una nueva página.
- Las figuras deben estar a una resolución de 300 dpi y en formato .jpg, .eps ó .tiff
- Utilice como fuente Times New Roman o Arial, tamaño 12, en todos los textos. Para tablas cambie el tamaño de la fuente a 10. Géneros y especies en itálica.
Evite el uso de negritas o subrayados;.
- -Todas las páginas de texto (a excepción de la primera correspondiente al título), deben numerarse en la parte inferior - derecha de la hoja.
- Cada referencia de la bibliografía debe estar citada en el texto, y viceversa. Para citar un autor use: Gómez (1995) o (Gómez 1995); para dos autores: Otero
& Blum (1970) o (Otero & Blum 1970); para más de dos autores: Silva et al. (1998) o (Silva et al. 1998). Para citar varias referencias al final de una frase
ordénelas cronológicamente, de la más antigua a la más reciente, y luego ordénelas alfabéticamente: (Otero & Blum 1970; Gómez 1995; MacArthur 1995;
Silva et al. 1998); utilice este mismo esquema para citar varias veces un mismo autor: Santos (1995, 1997), o (Santos 1995, 1997), o en medio de varias citas:
(Otero & Blum 1970; Santos 1995, 1997; Silva et al. 1998).
- En la literatura citada escriba las referencias completas, de acuerdo con el siguiente patrón:
- Revistas: Agosti D., C. R. F. Brandao, S. Diniz. (1999). The New World species of the subfamily Leptanilloidinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic
Entomology 24:14-20
- Libros:Watkins W. F. Jr. (1976). The identification and distribution of New World Army Ants. Waco, Texas, 102pp.
- Capítulos:Fernández F., E. E. Palacio, W. P. MacKay (1996). Introducción al estudio de las hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de Colombia pp.349-
412 En: G. D. Amat, G. Andrade, F. Fernández (eds.) Insectos de Colombia, Estudios Escogidos Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y
Naturales & Centro Editorial Javeriano, Bogotá D.C.
- Utilice puntos seguidos para separar autores de año, año de título, etc. En caso de varios autores sepárelos por medio de comas; no utilice &, y, o and para
referirse al último autor. Los volúmenes, números y páginas deben presentarse de manera continua, sin espacios entre sí. Para el caso de artículos de revistas,
escriba el nombre completo de la revista, no use abreviaturas. No use sangrías ni subrayados en la presentación de la bibliografía.
- Para referirse a números dentro del texto, escriba en palabras únicamente los números del uno al diez (p.e., cinco especies) a menos que esté combinado con
otros números o se trate de medidas (p.e., 3 géneros y 7 especies; 8 km2). Emplee comas para separar miles (a excepción de 1000), y comas para decimales.
Para porcentajes utilice el símbolo % seguido del valor, sin espacios.
- Dentro del texto puede referirse a comunicaciones y/o observaciones personales, de la siguiente forma: E. Palacio (com. pers.); (E. Palacio, com. pers.); C.
Sarmiento (obs. pers.); (C. Sarmiento, obs. pers.).
- Para la elaboración de listados neotropicales o nacionales, utilice las abreviaturas suministradas al final del presente documento, o consulte un número de la
revista. Utilice ambos tipos de subdivisiones en columnas separadas (geopolítica y biogeográfica). Cuando utilice varias abreviaturas para un mismo registro,
ordénelas alfabéticamente y sepárelas entre sí por espacios, NO USE COMAS (por ejemplo: am cq gn vu).
- Si para la columna de Distribución en listados nacionales utiliza un referente biogeográfico distinto a región, debe suministrar de forma separada una clave de
las abreviaturas empleadas. Si el esquema biogeográfico utilizado por usted ya ha sido presentado en artículos de números anteriores de la revista, se recomienda
usar la misma clave de abreviaturas allí expuesta.
- Cualquier duda o inquietud consúltela inmediatamente al editor en jefe de Biota Colombiana.
- No se olvide de leer la presente guía en su totalidad antes de someter un manuscrito para evaluación. Cualquier duda o inquietud consúltela inmediatamente
al editor en jefe de Biota Colombiana.
1
Tanto el Editor en Jefe como los miembros del comité editorial se reservan el derecho de seleccionar los revisores para cada manuscrito; igualmente, los editores podrán buscar revisores anónimos
distintos a los sugeridos inicialmente por el(los) autor(es).
Manuscript Preparation
Authors interested in contributing to Biota Colombiana may submit manuscripts by email, or by sending their file on a diskette by regular mail. Any word-processing
program may be used for text (Word is recommended). We prefer for taxonomic lists and any other type of table to be sent in spread format (Excel is recommended).
Lists for taxonomic groups inferior to genera, such as subgenera or species groups, will not be accepted.
Submitted manuscripts must be accompanied by a cover letter which clearly indicates:
1. Full names, mailing addresses and e-mail addresses of all authors. (Please note that email addresses are essential).
2. The complete title of the article.
3. Names, sizes, and types of files submitted.
4. A list of the names and addresses of at least three (3) reviewers1 who are qualified to evaluate the manuscript.
Lists Structure
Biota Colombiana is a completely bilingual publication, with all contents in both Spanish and English. Authors may present manuscripts in either language, or in
both. Biota Colombiana is divided into six sections: 1) Taxonomic lists; 2) Cladistic analyses; 3) Biogeographic studies; 4) Identification keys 5) News and comments
from Institutions 6) Reviews and bibliographic novelties. (For further information, see http://www.humboldt.org.co/biota).
Evaluation
The evaluation could result in any of the following: a) Accepted (In this case we assume that no change, omission or addition to the article is required and it will
be published as presented.); b) Conditional acceptance (The article is accepted and recommended to be published but it needs to be corrected as indicated by the
evaluator); and c) Rejected (in this case the evaluator considers that the article presentation, contents and/or form are not compatible with the usual publication
scheme of Biota Colombiana).
INSTRUCTIONS
- The manuscript should be configured for letter size paper, with 2.5cm margins on all side. It should be single-spaced and left-aligned (including title and
bibliography).
- The tables in which the lists are presented do not require any specific page configuration. All the columns must fit across a single page (columns on separate
pages are not acceptable). Avoid the use of borders of any type in editing the tables.
- In setting up the tables, use column headings ONLY for the first page. Always start additional pages with a new record; NEVER cut the information of one
record so that it continues on a subsequent page.
- Figures must be sent at 300 dpi and in .jpeg, .eps or .tiff format.
- Use Times New Roman or Arial font, size 12, for all texts. Use size 10 text in tables. Avoid the use of bold or underlining (italics are recommended where
considered necessary for emphasis or clarity).
- All pages of the text (with the exception of the title page) should be numbered. Page numbers should be located in the lower right corner of the page.
- Each reference in the bibliography should be cited in the text, and vice versa. Only cite published material or that which is in press. To cite a single author
use the format: Gómez (1995) or (Gómez 1995); to cite two authors: Otero & Blum (1970) or (Otero & Blum 1970); for more than two authors: Silva et al.
(1998) or (Silva et al. 1998). To cite various references at the end of a sentence, order them chronologically, from oldest to most recent, and then alphabetically:
(Otero & Blum 1970; Gómez 1995; MacArthur 1995; Silva et al. 1998). Use the same format for citing the same author more than once: Santos (1995, 1997),
or (Santos 1995, 1997), or among several citations: (Otero & Blum 1970; Santos 1995, 1997; Silva et al. 1998).
- In the bibliography, write the complete reference, according to the following pattern:
- Journals: Agosti D., C. R. F. Brandao, S. Diniz 1999 The New World species of the subfamily Leptanilloidinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Systematic
Entomology 24:14-20
- Books: Watkins W. F. Jr. 1976 The identification and distribution of New World Army Ants Waco, Texas, 102pp.
- Chapters: Fernández F., E. E. Palacio, W. P. MacKay 1996 Introducción al estudio de las hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de Colombia pp.349-
412 In: G. D. Amat, G. Andrade, F. Fernández (eds.) Insectos de Colombia, Estudios Escogidos Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y
Naturales & Centro Editorial Javeriano, Bogotá D.C.
- Use periods to separate author from year, year from title, etc. In the case of several authors, separate them by commas; do not use &, y, or and before the last
author. The volume, issue, and page numbers should be presented in continuous format, without spacing. Check all citations for names, accent marks, and
spelling. In the case of journal articles, write the full name of the journal, without abbreviations. Do not use hanging indents or underlining in the bibliogra-
phy.
- To refer to numbers within the text, write only the numbers from one to ten in words (e.g., five species), unless combining with other numbers or measures
(e.g., 3 genera and 7 species; 8 km2). Use commas to separate thousands (with the exception of 1000), and commas for decimal points. For percentages, use
the symbol % followed by the value, without spaces.
- Within the text, refer to personal communication or observations in the following way: E. Palacio (pers. comm.); (E. Palacio, pers. comm.); C. Sarmiento
(pers. obs.); (C. Sarmiento, pers. obs.).
- In Neotropical or national lists, use the standardized abbreviations at the end of this issue. If possible, use different columns for geopolitical and biogeogra-
phical subdivisions. When using several abbreviations for the same record, order them alphabetically and separate them by spaces. DO NOT USE COMMAS
(e.g., am cq gn vu).
- If, in the Distribution column of national lists, you use a different biogeographical referent from ‘region’; you must provide an alternative abbreviations key.
If the biogeographical system you use has been published previously in earlier issues of the journal, it is recommended that you use the same key for the
abbreviations.
- Read the complete guidelines before submitting a manuscript for evaluation. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to consult the editor of Biota Colom-
biana.
The editor and members of the editorial committee reserve the right to select the reviewers for each manuscript and to choose anonymous reviewers different from those initially suggested by the
1
author(s).
Tema/Subject Página/Page
Amazonas 295
Andes de Colombia 279
Anfibios / Amphibians 277
Anomalepidae 295
Anomura 1
Aves 77
Biodiversidad / Biodiversity 277
Blattaria 21
Blind snake 295
Cauca 77
Chirostylidae 1
Cockroaches 21
Colombian Andes 279
Crustacea 1
Cuenca Magdalena Medio 279
Cundinamarca 63
Decapoda 1
Dictyoptera 21
Distribución / Distribution 143
Diversidad / Diversity 143
Dung beetles 133
Especies espinosas 239
Freshwater Fishes 143, 279
Galatheidae 1
Gasterópodos terrestres 39
Gastropoda 39
Helechos 63
Herpetofauna / Herpetofaunal 251
Ichthyofauna 143
Langostillas 1
Leptostemonum 239
Licófitos 63
Liotyphlops sp. nov. 295
Lista de géneros 39
Lista nomenclatural 39
Malacofauna 39
Mesogastropoda 39
Mesogastropodos 39
Middle Magdalena River Basin 279
Mollusca 39
Moluscos 39
Neotrópico 1
NW South America 143
Oriente de Antioquia 279
Peces 143, 279
Phanaeini 133
Prosobranchia 39
Pulmonados 39
Pulmonata 39
Región del Guavio 63
Reptiles 251
Scarabaeidae 133
Scolecophidia 295
Serpentes 295
Solanoideae 239
Solanum 239
spiny solanums 239
Stylommatophora 39
Sur America Noroccidental 143
Tetramereia 133
Valle del Cauca 251
First report of the genus Tetramereia Klages, 1907 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Phanaeini) in Colombia -
Notes to its distribution – J. A. Noriega-A., J.M. Rengifo, F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia – U. Jaramillo-Villa, J. A. Maldonado-Ocampo & J. D. Bogotá-Gregory . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Una nueva especie de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) del sur
de la Amazonia Colombiana – J. J. Silva Haad, F. L. Franco & J. Maldonado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Regiones Biogeográficas /
sp lg Biogeographic Regions
at Pacífico (pac)
ma
ce Amazonas (amz)
Caribe (car)
suc Orinoquia (ori)
cor ns
bl Andes (and)
cho ri cl by cs
cun vch
qu
vc to
met
hu gn
cau
gv
na
cq va
pu
ama
Departamentos / Departments
Amazonas ama Huila hu
Antioquia ant La Guajira lg
Arauca ara Magdalena ma
Atlántico at Meta met
Bolívar bl Nariño na
Boyacá by Norte de Santander ns
Cauca cau Putumayo pu
Cesar ce Quindío qu
Caldas cl Risaralda ri
Córdoba cor Santander snt
Caquetá cq San Andrés y Providencia sp
Casanare cs Sucre suc
Cundinamarca cun Tolima to
Chocó cho Vaupés va
Guainía gn Valle del Cauca vc
Guaviare gv Vichada vch
I IV
III
VI
V
IX
II
VII
VIII
Tomado de: Hernández J., A. Hurtado, R. Ortiz, T. Walschburger 1991 Unidades Biogeográficas de Colombia En: Hernández
J., R. Ortiz, T. Walshburger, A. Hurtado (Eds.) Estado de la Biodiversidad en Colombia Informe Final Santafé de Bogotá,
Instituto Colombiano para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y la Tecnología “Francisco José de Caldas” – Colciencias
TAY
CA
DAR
0km 50km 100km
Tomado de: INVEMAR (2000) Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras “José Benito Vives de Andréis. Programa
Nacional de Investigación en Biodiversidad Marina y Costera PNIBM. Editado por Juan Manuel Díaz Merlano y Diana
Isabel Gómez López. Santa Marta: INVEMAR, FONADE, MMA. 83 p.
eu
Oceáno Atlántico
me bh Atlantic Ocean
cu (atl)
be ja am
ho an
gu es ni
pn tt
cr
vn gi
Oceáno Pacífico co su gf
Pacific Ocean
(pcf) ec
pe br
bo
pr
ch
ar ur
Países / Countries
Peces del Oriente de Antioquia, Colombia – U. Jaramillo-Villa, J. A. Maldonado-Ocampo & J. D. Bogotá-Gregory . . . . . . . . . .279
Una nueva especie de Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Scolecophidia, Anomalepidae) del sur
de la Amazonia Colombiana – J. J. Silva Haad, F. L. Franco & J. Maldonado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295