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Growing vulnerability in the small-scale fishing communities of Maio, Cape Verde

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Abstract

This study depicts the increasing vulnerability of Maio’s (island of Cape Verde’s archipelago) small-scale fishing communities that rely directly on rich but declining fish stocks. The concept of mobility is defined in this paper to describe inward and outward flows of resources, people, species, and governance. Mobility is a useful tool for studying small-scale fishing communities, as it enables environmental, economic, and political factors that shape vulnerability to be analyzed on the same footing. While most elements flowing outward from Maio and surrounding waters are beneficial (e.g., fish catches and local governance capacity) and most flowing inward are detrimental (e.g., foreign industrial vessels, international interference, and greenhouse gas), the overall result is increasing vulnerability for local communities. Maio is concomitantly very dependent on the unstable and intermittent inward flow of some elements, such as fuel, food, and international aid. The Actor in 4 dimensions (A4D) methodology (in-depth interviews regarding residents’ and experts’ perceptions of their marine environment and its governance) allows a comparison to be made between the perceptions of vulnerability and facts (provided by official documents and a scientific literature review). The A4D results namely indicate that locals hope for better fishing and marketing equipment and infrastructure that would improve their commercial mobility. Interviewees also ask for stronger local, national, and regional self-governance and law enforcement to protect their sea resources.

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Notes

  1. Vulnerability “drivers” are defined as large-scale exogenous conditions and trends that operate at different speeds and scales (Bennett et al. 2016; Armitage and Johnson 2006.

  2. Marine resources’ exploration access is free between the islands.

  3. MARE Conference 2017: “People and the Sea IX: Dealing with Maritime Mobilities”, (http://www.marecentre.nl/2017-conference/)

  4. Artisanal and subsistence fisheries are included in the “small-scale fisheries” category together with recreational fisheries.

  5. Cape Verde’s debt equals 133% of its GDP.

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  1. UNESCO chair in Integrated Analysis of Marine Systems, Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada

    Raphaëlle Dancette

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  1. Raphaëlle Dancette
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Dancette, R. Growing vulnerability in the small-scale fishing communities of Maio, Cape Verde. Maritime Studies 18, 205–223 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-019-00137-2

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