Skip to main content

Phanerozoic Orogens of Northwestern South America: Cordilleran-Type Orogens. Taphrogenic Tectonics. The Maracaibo Orogenic Float. The Chocó-Panamá Indenter

  • Chapter
Geology and Tectonics of Northwestern South America

Part of the book series: Frontiers in Earth Sciences ((FRONTIERS))

Abstract

Please confirm if the identified heading levels are okay.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

CAT :

Caribbean terranes

CA-VA :

Cajamarca-Valdivia terrane

CCOP :

Caribbean-Colombian oceanic plateau

CCR :

Colombian Caribbean Realm

CHO :

Chocó-Panamá Arc

CTR :

Central Tectonic Realm

DAP :

Dagua-Piñón

GDFS :

Garrapatas-Dabeiba Fault System

GSR :

Guiana Shield Realm

GU-FA :

Guajira-Falcón terranes

IRLPM :

Igneous-related low-pressure metamorphism

ME :

Sierra de Mérida (“Venezuelan Andes”)

MOF :

Maracaibo orogenic float

NAB :

North Andean belt

NW SA :

Northwestern South America

OPTFS :

Oca-El Pilar Transform Fault System

PAT :

Pacific Terranes

RO :

Romeral Mélange

SNStM :

Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta

WETSA :

W-E Tectono-Sedimentary Anomaly

WTR :

Western Tectonic Realm

References

  • Arminio JF, Yoris F, Quijada C, Lugo JM, Shaw D, Keegan JB, Marshall JE (2013) Evidence for Precambrian stratigraphy in Graben basins below the Eastern Llanos Foreland, Colombia. Search and Discovery Article #50874

    Google Scholar 

  • Audemard EF, Audemard F (2002) Structure of the Mérida Andes, Venezuela: relations with the South America-Caribbean geodynamic interaction. Tectonophysics 345:299–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00218-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakioglu KB (2014) Garzón massif basement tectonics: a geopyhysical study, Upper Magdalena valley, Colombia. Master’s Thesis University of South Carolina, Columbia. Retrieved from http://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/2782

  • Baquero M, Grande S, Urbani F, Cordani U, Hall C, Armstrong R (2015) New evidence for Putumayo crust in the basement of the Falcon Basin and Guajira Peninsula, Northwestern Venezuela. In: Bartolini C, Mann P (eds) Petroleum geology and potential of the Colombian Caribbean margin, AAPG Memoir, vol 108. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, pp 103–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrero D, Laverde F (1998) Estudio Integral de evaluación geológica y potencial de hidrocarburos de la cuenca “intramontana” Cauca- Patia, ILEX- Ecopetrol report, Inf. No. 4977

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrero D, Laverde F, Ruiz CA, Alfonso C (2006) Oblique collision and basin formation in Western Colombia: the origin, evolution and petroleum potencial of Cauca-Patia basin. IX Simposio Bolivariano de Cuencas Sub-Andinas, Cartagena de Indias, CD

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrios YA, Baptista N, Gonzales G (2011) New exploration traps in the Espino Graben, Eastern Venezuela Basin. Search and Discovery Article #10333

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartok PE, Renz O, Westermann GEG (1985) The Siquisique ophiolites, Northern Lara State: a discussion on their Middle Jurassic ammonites and tectonic implications. Geol Soc Am Bull 96(8):1050–1055

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benkovics L, Asensio A (2015) New evidences of an active strike-slip fault system in northern Venezuela, near offshore Perla field. In: Bartolini C, Mann P (eds) Petroleum geology and potential of the Colombian Caribbean margin, AAPG Memoir, vol 108. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, pp 749–764

    Google Scholar 

  • Bogotá J (1983) Estratigrafía del Paleozóico Inferior en el area amazónica de Colombia. Geología Norandina, Marzo, pp 29–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke K (1977) Aulacogens and continental breakup. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 5:371–396

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cediel F (1969) Die Giron-Gruppe: Eine frueh-mesozoische Molasse der Ostkordillere Kolumbiens. Neues Jahrbuch Geologie und Palaeontologie, Abhandlungen, Munchen 133(2):111–162

    Google Scholar 

  • Cediel F (2010) Geologic map of the Sinu and San Jacinto Belts, North West Colombia. Cartographic compilation at scale 1:300.000. Department of Geology, EAFIT University

    Google Scholar 

  • Cediel F (ed) (2011) Petroleum geology of Colombia. (35 authors and co-authors) vol 15 (basin by basin) 1262 p 1348 figs. EAFIT University, Medellin

    Google Scholar 

  • Cediel F, Cáceres C (2000) Geological map of Colombia, 3rd edn. Geotec Ltd, Bogotá

    Google Scholar 

  • Cediel F, Mojica J, Macia C (1980) Definicion Estratigrafica del Triasico en Colombia, Suramerica, Formaciones Luisa, Payande y Saldana. Newsl Stratigr 9(2):73–104, Berlin, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Cediel F, Barrero D, Caceres C (1998) Seismic Atlas of Colombia: seismic expression of structural styles in the basins of Colombia, Robertson Research International, UK, ed, vol 1 to 6. Geotec Ltd, Bogota

    Google Scholar 

  • Cediel F, Shaw R, Cáceres C (2003) Tectonic assembly of the northern Andean block. In: Bartolini C, Buffer RT, Blickwede J (eds) The circum—Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean: hydrocarbon habitats, basin formation and plate tectonics, AAPG Memoir, vol 79. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, pp 815–848.l

    Google Scholar 

  • Cediel F, Restrepo I, Marín-Cerón MI, Duque-Caro H, Cuartas C, Mora C, Montenegro G, García E, Tovar D, Muñoz G (2010) Geology and hydrocarbon potential, Atrato and San Juan Basins, Chocó (Panamá) Arc, Colombia, Tumaco Basin (Pacific Realm), Colombia, Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos (ANH)-EAFIT, Medellín

    Google Scholar 

  • Cerón JF, Kellogg JN, Ojeda GY (2007) Basement configuration of the northwestern South America – Caribbean margin from recent geophysical data. C T F Cienc Tecnol Futuro, Bucaramanga, 3(3):25–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Chacón PA, Reyes J, Cáceres C, Sarmiento G, Cramer T (2013) Análisis estratigráfico de la sucesión del Devónico-Pérmico al oriente de Manaure y San José de Oriente (Serranía del Perijá, Colombia). Geología Colombiana vol 38. Bogotá Colombia, pp 5–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark SA (2007) Characterizing the southeast Caribbean-South American plate boundary at 64°W. PhD Thesis, 79 pp, Rice University, Houston

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark SA, Zelt CA, Magnani MB, Levander A (2008) Characterizing the Caribbean–South American plate boundary at 64°W using wide-angle seismic data. J Geophys Res 113:B07401. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colmenares L, Zoback MD (2003) Stress field and seismotectonics of northern South America. Geology 31(8):721–724

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Escalona A, Mann P (2011) Tectonics, basin subsidence mechanisms and paleogeography of the Caribbean-South American plate boundary zone. Mar Pet Geol 28:8–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Espinosa A (1980) Sur les roches basiques et ultrabasiques du bassin du Patia (Cordillere Occidentale des Andes colombiennes): Etude Geologique et Petrographique. These de Docteur Sciences de la Terre, Departement de Mineralogie, Universite de Geneve

    Google Scholar 

  • Estrada A (1967) Asociacion magmatica basica del Nechi: Tesis de grado, Facultad Nacional de Minas, Medellin, 88 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Estrada JJ (1995) Paleomagnetism and accretion events in the Northern Andes. PhD Thesis, State University of New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Etayo F, Cáceres C, Cediel F (1994) Facies distribution and tectonic setting through the Phanerozoic of Colombia: INGEOMINAS, ed., Geotec Ltd., Bogotá (17time-slices/maps in scale 1:2,000.000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Farris DW, Jaramillo C, Bayona G, Restrepo-Moreno SA, Montes C, Cardona A, Mora A, Speakman RJ, Glascock MD, Valencia V (2011) Fracturing of the Panamanian Isthmus during initial collision with South America. Geology 39(11):1007–1010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Florez JM, Mavko G (2001) Elastic geomechanic model of the Bucaramanga and Oca Faults, and the origin of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; Northern Andes. Stanford Rock Physics Laboratory, Department of Geophysics, Stanford University

    Google Scholar 

  • Forero A (1968) Estratigrafía del Pre-Cretáceo en el borde occidental de la Serranía de Perijá. Geología Colombiana 7:7–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Gansser A (1941) (Contributors: Renz, O., Hubach, E.) Geological report, Shell No. 100. Central Macarena. 16 pp, 25 photos, 2 tabs., 9 Annex. (in-house files)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gansser A (1974) The Roraima problem (South America). Mitteilungen aus dem Geologischen Institut der Eidg. Technischen Hochschule und der Universität Zürich, Zürich 177:80–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Geosearch (2008) Evolucion geohistorica de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Bogota

    Google Scholar 

  • Geotec Ltda (1986) In-house files

    Google Scholar 

  • Geotec Ltda (1998) The foothills of the Eastern Cordillera, Colombia. Geological Map, Scale 1:100.000

    Google Scholar 

  • GEOTERREX (1979) Aeromagnetic Interpretation Atrato – Sinú

    Google Scholar 

  • Geyer OF (1973) Das Praekretazische Mesozoikum von Kolumbien. Geologisches Jarbuch 5:1–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Gleeson SA, Herrington RJ, Durango J, Velasquez CA, Koll G (2004) The mineralogy and geochemistry of Cerro Matoso, S.A. Ni-laterite deposit, Montelibano, Colombia. Econ Geol 99:1197–1121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Godin, L., Grujic, D., Law, R. D. & Searle, M. P. (2006) Channel flow, ductile extrusion and exhumation in continental collision zones: an introduction. In: Law RD, Searle MP, Godin L (eds) Channel flow, ductile extrusion and exhumation in continental collision zones, Special publications, 268. Geological Society, London, The Geological Society of London, pp 1–23

    Google Scholar 

  • González H (2001) Mapa geológico del Departamento de Antioquia: Geología, recursos minerales y amenazas potenciales, Memoria Explicativa. INGEOMINAS, Bogotá

    Google Scholar 

  • González GR, Holguín QN (1991) Geology of the source rocks of Mexico. Source rock geology. XIII World Petroleum Congress, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Topic 2, Forum with Posters, pp 1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Goossens PJ, Rose WI, Flores D (1977) Geochemistry of Tholeiites of the basic igneous complex of north-western South America. Bull Geol Soc Am 88:1711–1720

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gutscher M (2002) Andean subduction styles and their effect on thermal structure and interplate coupling. J S Am Earth Sci 15:3–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hastie AR, Kerr AC (2010) Mantle plume or slab window?: physical and geochemical constraints on the origin of the Caribbean oceanic plateau. Earth Sci Rev 8(3):283–293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ibanez-Mejia M (2010) New U-Pb geochronological insights into the Proterozoic tectonic evolution of Northwestern South America: the Meso- neoproterozoic Putumayo orogen of Amazonia and implications for Rodinia reconstructions. Master of Science in the Graduate College the University of Arizona

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaimes E, de Freitas M (2006) An Albian–Cenomanian unconformity in the northern Andes: evidence and tectonic significance. J S Am Earth Sci 21:466–492

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jimenez-Mejia DM, Caetano J, Cordani UG (2006) P–T–t conditions of high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Garzon Massif, Andean basement, SE Colombia. J S Am Earth Sci 21:322–336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kellogg JN, Bonini WE (1982) Subduction of the Caribbean Plate and basement uplifts in the overriding South American Plate. Tectonics 1(3):251–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kennan L, Pindell J (2009) Dextral shear, terrane accretion and basin formation in the Northern Andes: best explained by interaction with a Pacific-derived Caribbean Plate? In: James KH, Lorente MA, Pindell JL (eds) The origin and evolution of the Caribbean Plate, Special publications 328. Geological Society, London, pp 487–531

    Google Scholar 

  • Keppie JD (2008) Terranes of Mexico revisited: a 1.3 billion year odyssey. In: Keppie JD, Murphy JB, Ortega-Gutierrez F, Ernst WG (eds) Middle American terranes, potential correlatives, and orogenic processes. CRC Press – Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, pp 7–36

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Keppie J, Duncan R, Damian NJ, Dostal A, Ortega-Rivera BV, Miller D, Fox J, Muise JT, Powell SA, Mumma SA, JWK L (2004) Mid-Jurassic tectonothermal event superposed on a Paleozoic geological record in the Acatlán Complex of Southern Mexico: hotspot activity during the breakup of Pangea. Gondwana Res 7(1):239–260. © 2004 International Association for Gondwana Research, Japan. ISSN: 1342-937X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kerr AC, Tarney J (2005) Tectonic evolution of the Caribbeanand northwestern South America: the case for accretion of two late cretaceous oceanic plateaus. Geology 33(4):269–272

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kerr AC, Tarney J, Marriner GF, Nivia A, Saunders AD (1997) The Caribbean–Colombian cretaceous igneous province: the internal anatomy of an oceanic plateau. In: Mahoney JJ, Coffin MF (eds) Large igneous provinces: continental, oceanic, and planetary flood volcanism, Geophysical monograph 100. American Geophysical Union, Washinghton, pp 123–144

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerr AC, White RV, Thompson PME, Tarney J, Saunders AD (2003) No oceanic plateau—no Caribbean plate? The seminal role of an oceanic plateau in Caribbean plate evolution. In: Bartolin C, Buffler RT, Blickwede J (eds) The circum-Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean: hydrocarbon habitats, basin formation, and plate tectonics, AAPG Memoir 79, pp 126–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerr AC, Tarney J, Kempton PD, Pringle M, Nivia A (2004) Mafic pegmatites intruding oceanic plateau gabbros and ultramafic cumulates from Bolıvar, Colombia: evidence for a ‘wet’ mantle plume? J Petrol 45(9):1877–1906. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egh037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klitgord KD, Schouten H (1986) Plate kinematics of Central Atlantic. In: Vogt PR, Tucholke BE (eds) The geology of North America. The Western North Atlantic Region, Geol Soc Am 22, pp 351–378

    Google Scholar 

  • Laubscher HP (1957) The kinematic puzzle of the Neogene Northern Andes. In: Schaer JP, Rodgers J (eds) The anatomy of mountain ranges, chapter 11. Princeton Legacy Library. Princeton, New Jersey

    Google Scholar 

  • Leal-Mejía H (2011) Phanerozoic Gold Metallogeny in the Colombian Andes: A tectono-magmatic approach. PhD Thesis, Universitat de Barcelona

    Google Scholar 

  • Leal-Mejía H, Shaw RP, Melgarejo JC (2018) Spatial-temporal migration of granitoid magmatism and the Phanerozoic tectono-magmatic evolution of the Colombian Andes. In: Cediel F, Shaw RP (eds) Geology and tectonics of Northwestern South America. Springer, Cham, pp 253–397

    Google Scholar 

  • Linares F, Orihuela N, García AY, Audemard F (2014) Generación del mapa de basamento de la Cuenca de Falcón a partir de datos gravimétricos de modelos combinados. Geociencias Aplicadas Latinoamericanas 1:9–19. https://doi.org/10.3997/2352-8281.20140002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Londoño JM, Bohorquez OP, Ospina LF (2010) Tomografía sísmica 3D del sector de Cúcuta, Colombia. Boletín de Geología, Bucaramanga, 32(1):107–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Londoño J, Schiek C, Biegert E (2015) Basement architecture of the Southern Caribbean Basin, Guajira Offshore, Colombia. In: Bartolini C, Mann P (eds) Petroleum geology and potential of the Colombian Caribbean margin, AAPG Memoir 108. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, pp 85–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopez J (1986) Geology, mineralogy and geochemistry of the Cerro Matoso nickeliferous laterite, Cordoba, Colombia. Department of Earth Resources, Master of Science, Colorado State University

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald WD, Opdyke ND (1972) Tectonic rotations suggested by paleomagnetic results from northern Colombia, South America: VI Conferencia de Geoloǵıa del Caribe, Margarita, Venezuela, Memorias, 301 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann P (ed) (1995) Geologic and tectonic development of the Caribbean plate boundary in Southern Central America, Geological Society of America special paper 295, pp Vii–XXii

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann P, Escalona A, Castillo V (2006) Regional geologic and tectonic setting of the Maracaibo supergiant basin, western Venezuela. AAPG Bull 90(4):445e477

    Google Scholar 

  • Mantilla A (2007) Crustal structure of the southwestern Colombian Caribbean margin. Geological interpretation of geophysical data. Dissertation Dr rer nat. Chemisch-Geowissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena

    Google Scholar 

  • Marechal P (1983) Les Temoins de Chaine Hercynienne dans le Noyau Ancien des Andes de Merida (Venezuela): Structure et evolution tectometamorphique. Doctoral Thesis, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale France 176: 11.6.C

    Google Scholar 

  • Maresch WV, Stoeckhert B, Baumann A, Kaiser C, Kluge R, Krueckhans-Lueder G, Brix MR, Thomson M (2000) Crustal history and plate tectonic development in the southern Caribbean, Zeitschrift fuer Angewandte Geologie. Sonderheft Zeitschrift Angewandete Geologie 1:283–289

    Google Scholar 

  • Maresch WV, Kluge R, Baumann A, Pindell JL, Krückhans-Lueder G, Stanek K (2009) The occurrence and timing of high-pressure metamorphism on Margarita Island, Venezuela: a constraint on Caribbean-South America interaction. Geol Soc London Spec Publ 328(1):705–741

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maze WB (1984) Jurassic La Quinta Formation in the Sierra de Perija, northwestern Venezuela: geology and tectonic environment of red beds and volcanic rocks. GSA Memoirs 162:263–282

    Google Scholar 

  • McGeary S, Ben-Abraham S (1989) The accretion of Gorgona Island, Colombia: multichannel seismic evidence. In: Howel DG (ed) Tectonostratigraphic terranes of the circum-Pacific region, Earth sciences series 1. Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources, Houston, pp 543–554

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendi D, Baquero ML, Oliveira EP, Urbani F, Pinto J, Grande S, Valencia V (2013) Petrography and U-Pb Zircon Geochronology of Geological Units of the Mesa de Cocodite, Península de Paraguaná, Venezuela. American Geophysical Union, Spring Meeting 2013, abstract #V53A-02

    Google Scholar 

  • Monod B, Damien D, Hervouët Y (2010) Orogenic float of the Venezuelan Andes. Tectonophysics 490:123–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montes C, Cardona A, McFadden R, Morón SE, Silva CA, Restrepo-Moreno S, Ramírez DA, Hoyos N, Wilson J, Farris D, Bayona GA, Jaramillo CA, Valencia V, Bryan J, Flores JA (2012) Evidence for middle Eocene and younger land emergence in central Panama: implications for Isthmus closure. Geol Soc Am Bull 124(5–6):780–799

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montes C, Cardona A, Jaramillo C, Pardo A, Silva JC, Valencia V, Ayala C, Pérez-Angel LC, Rodríguez-Parra LA, Ramirez V, Niño H (2015) Middle Miocene closure of the American seaway. Science 348(6231):226–229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moreno O, Guerrero C, Rey A, Gómez P, Audemard F, Fiume G (2009) Modelo Alternativo para el desarrollo del Frente Deformado Costa fuera del Caribe Colombiano. ACGGP, X Simposio Bolivariano Exploración Petrolera en Cuencas Subandinas, Cartagena, pp 1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Munoz J and Vargas H (1981) Petrologia de las anfibolitas y neises Precambricos presentes entre los ríos Mendarco y Ambeima, Tolima, Colombia. Tesis, Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    Google Scholar 

  • Nerlich R, Clark SR, Bunge HP (2014) Reconstructing the link between the Galapagos hotspot and the Caribbean Plateau. GeoResJ 1–2:1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nürnberg D, Müller DR (1991) The tectonic evolution of the South Atlantic from late Jurassic to present. Tectonophysics 191:27–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oldow JS, Albert W, Bally HG, Lallemant A (1990) Transpression, orogenic float, and lithospheric balance. Geology 18:991–994

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pardo-Casas F, Molnar P (1987) Relative motion of the Nazca (Farallon) and South American plates since late Cretaceous time. Tectonics 6(3):233–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piraquive A (2016) Marco estructural deformaciones y exhumación de los Esquistos de Santa Marta: la acreción e historia de deformación de un terreno Caribeño al norte de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Tesis doctoral. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 262 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Rabe EH (1997) Contributions to the stratigraphy of the East-Andean Area of Colombia. PhD Dissertation, Universität Giessen

    Google Scholar 

  • Restrepo-Pace P (1989) Restauración de la sección geológica Cáqueza Puente Quetame: Moderna interpretación estructural de la deformación del flanco este de la Cordillera Oriental. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá

    Google Scholar 

  • Restrepo-Pace P (1995) Late Cambrian to early Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the Colombian Andes, based on new geochronological, geochemical and isotopic data. PhD Dissertation, Departmente of Geosciences, University of Arizona

    Google Scholar 

  • Restrepo-Pace P, Colmenares F, Higuera C, Mayorga M (2004) A foldand thrust belt along the western flank of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia: style, kinematics and timing constraints derived from seismic data and detailed surface mapping. In: KR MC Clay (ed) Thrust tectonics and hydrocarbon systems, AAPG Memoir, 82:598–613

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson Research RR (1982) Paleozoic sections in the Llanos of Colombia. Unpublish report

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez J, Palma M (2014) Crustal density structure in northwestern South America derived from analysis and 3-D modeling of gravity and seismicity data. Tectonophysics 634:97–115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santos JO, Potter PE, Reis NJ, Hartmann LA, Fletcher IR, McNaughton NJ (2003) Age, source and regional stratigraphy of the Roraima Supergroup and Roraima-like outliers in northern Sout America base don U-Pb geochronology. GSA Bull 115(3):331–348. 15 figs., 3 tab

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schubert C (1986) Stratigraphy of the Jurassic La Quinta Formation, Merida Andes, Venezuela: Type Section. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft Band 137:391–411

    Google Scholar 

  • Seccia D (2012) Deep geometry of subduction below the Andean belt of Colombia as revealed by seismic tomography. Dottorato di Ricerca in Geofisica Ciclo XXIV: Geofisica della terra solida. Alma Mater Studiorum – Universita’ di Bologna

    Google Scholar 

  • Sierra G (2011) Amaga, Cauca and Patia basins. Geology and hydrocarbon potential. In: Cediel F (ed) Geology and hydrocarbon potential, Regional Geology of Colombia. Department of Geology, University EAFIT, Medellín

    Google Scholar 

  • Silver EA, Reed DL, Tagudin JE, Heil DJ (1990) Implications of the north and south Panama thrust belts for the origin of the Panama orocline. Tectonics 9:261–281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinton CW, Duncan RA, Storey M, Lewis J, Estrada JJ (1998) An oceanic flood basalt province within the Caribbean plate. Earth Planet Sci Lett 155(3):221–235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stephan JF, Mercier de Lepinay B, Calais E, Tardy M, Beck C, Carfantan JC, Olivet JL, Vila JM, Bouysse P, Mauffret A, Bourgois J, Thery M, Tournon J, Blanchet R, Dercourt J (1990) Paleogeodynamic maps of the Caribbean; 14 steps from Lias to present. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, (8), t VI(6):915–919

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stibane FR (1968) Zur Geologie von Kolumbien, Südamerika. Das Quetame- und Garzón Massiv. Geotek Forsch, 30 I-II + 1–85, 26 Abb 3 Taf Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoeckhert B, Maresch WV, Brix M, Kaiser C, Toetz A, Kluge R, Krueckhans-Lueder G (1995) Crustal history of Margarita Island (Venezuela) in detail: Constraint on the Caribbean Plate-Tectonic scenario. Geology 5(9):787–790

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sung Hi Choi, Mukasa SB, Andronikov AV, Marcano MC (2017) Extreme Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopic compositions exhibited by the Tinaquillo peridotite massif, northern Venezuela: implications for geodynamic setting. Contrib Mineral Petrol 153:443–463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-006-0159-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suter F, Neuwerth R, Gorin G, Guzmán C (2008) (Plio-) Pleistocene alluvial lacustrine basin infill evolution in a strike-slip active zone (Northern Andes, Western-Central Cordilleras, Colombia). Geol Acta 6(3):231–249

    Google Scholar 

  • Syracuse EM, Maceira M, Prieto GA, Zhang H, Ammon CJ (2016) Multiple plates subducting beneath Colombia, as illuminated by seismicity and velocity from the joint inversion of seismic and gravity data. Earth Planet Sci Lett 444:139–149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taboada A, Rivera L, Fuenzalida M, Cisterna A, Philip H, Bijwaard H, Olaya J, Rivera C (2000) Geodynamics of the northern Andes: Subductions and intracontinental deformation (Colombia). Tectonics 19(5):787–813

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Lelij R (2013) Reconstructing north-western Gondwana with implications for the evolution of the Iapetus and Rheic Oceans: a geochronological, thermochronological and geochemical study. PhD Thesis, Université de Genève

    Google Scholar 

  • Vargas CA, Mann P (2013) Tearing and breaking off of subducted slabs as the result of collision of the Panama arc-indenter with Northwestern South America. Bull Seismol Soc Am 103(3):2025–2046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vásquez M, Uwe R, Sudo M, Moreno JM (2010) Magmatic evolution of the Andean Eastern Cordillera of Colombia during the cretaceous: influence of previous tectonic processes. J S Am Earth Sci 29:171–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Villaseñor AB, Olóriz F, López Palomino I, López-Caballero I (2012) Updated ammonite biostratigraphy from Upper Jurassic deposits in Mexico. Revue de Paléobiologie, Genève Vol. spéc 11:249–267

    Google Scholar 

  • Viscarret P, Wright J, Urbani F (2009) New U-Pb zircon ages of El Baúl Massif, Cojedes State, Venezuela. Rev Téc Ing Univ Zulia 32(3):210–221

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber MBI (1998) The Mercaderes-Rio Mayo xenoliths, Colombia: Their bearing on mantle and crustal processes in the Northern Andes. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Science of the University of Leicester

    Google Scholar 

  • Zarifi Z, Havskov J, Hanyga A (2007) An insight into the Bucaramanga Nest. Tectonophysics 443:93–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zuluaga C, Pinilla A, Mann P (2015) Jurassic silicic volcanism and associated Continental-arc Basin in northwestern Colombia (southern boundary of the Caribbean plate). In: Bartolini C, Mann P (eds) Petroleum geology and potential of the Colombian Caribbean margin, AAPG Memoir, vol 108. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, pp 137–160

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cediel, F. (2019). Phanerozoic Orogens of Northwestern South America: Cordilleran-Type Orogens. Taphrogenic Tectonics. The Maracaibo Orogenic Float. The Chocó-Panamá Indenter. In: Cediel, F., Shaw, R.P. (eds) Geology and Tectonics of Northwestern South America. Frontiers in Earth Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76132-9_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics