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B. Schneider/M. Conrad/S. Conrad, The geochemical interpretation of vessel contents from the Bell Beaker burial place/site near Schweta, Lkr. Nordsachsen, based on the analysis of soil from the inside and outside of features Some of the vessels retrieved from graves of the Bell Beaker burial site at Schweta were still filled with soil. In order to determine whether the contents of the vessels consisted of organic material such as cereals or meat, material from both the content and the undisturbed soil around the grave was examined to provide a geochemical reference. The results of the analyses show that the vessels had originally contained what was most likely an organic matrix, but that this was mixed with soil from the immediate surroundings over time. It can be speculated that the concretions detected on the sides of the buried vessels were caused by intentional anthropogenic filling, and not by a process of leaching from overlying soil horizons. It was not possible to determine whether these concretions were caused by usage prior to deposition in the grave, or by a filling of the vessels in the context of burial rituals. However, a primary function or usage of the vessels as containers for beverages or food can be assumed, as this would also help to explain their widespread symbolic function.
M. Conrad/S. Conrad, Bohemia and South-East Europe in Saxony – a burial field of the Eastern Group of the Bell Beaker Culture with finds of the Kosihy-Čaka/Makó complex near Schweta, Lkr. Nordsachsen During construction of the new S 31 bypass road near Schweta in 2011/2012, a burial site with twelve graves was uncovered. Seven of these were distinguished by finds of the Eastern Group of the Bell Beaker culture, the largest such group in the Mittelelbe-Saale river area (Mittelelbe-Saale-Gebiet, or MESG). Of the seven Eastern Group beakers found here, two are Epi-Maritime beakers. A bowl and a cup from the graves can be compared with object types of the Kosihy-Čaka/Makó complex. The bowl was found together with a decorated and an undecorated Bell beaker. This kind of “syncretistic” composition is usually found only in south-east Europe, and then only as singular finds – much like those of Kosihy-Čaka/Makó objects in the MESG. The material from Schweta belongs to the (typologically defined) early to middle phases of the Eastern Group of the Bell Beaker Culture. At present, 20 find sites with Eastern Group beakers are known from the MESG, and these are concentrated in Saxony. The use of Epi-Maritime beakers to denote specific social groups is almost exclusive to this region. The finds indicate a high mobility of specific persons or groups at the end of the Neolithic and the existence of an important route through Saxony which connected the Eastern Group of the Bell Beaker Culture and the MESG.
M. Conrad, Radiocarbon dating of a Bell Beaker burial from Eythra/Zwenkau (ZW-01), Lkr. Leipzig The cremation burial of a 25–38 year-old male of the Bell Beaker Culture from the strip-mining region of Zwenkau near Eythra is exceptional in many respects. Its finds include (among others) a decorated bell beaker, silex arrowheads, a set of stones used for grinding and hammering, as well as two amber beads and five small gold discs. The beaker is one of the few Eastern Group examples from the Mittelelbe-Saale river area (MESG). As an Epi-Maritime beaker, the vessel can be ascribed more closely to the (typologically defined) earliest phase of the Eastern Group of the Bell Beaker Culture. Before this discovery, only one Eastern Group or Epi-Maritime beaker from the MESG had been radiocarbon-dated, making this a good opportunity for a new attempt. Unfortunately, the results of the 2016 AMS analysis produced a relatively long plateau-related 2-sigma interval of 2457–2202 calBC. This does not permit a precise chronological positioning of the burial within the Bell Beaker complex of the MESG. As there is not enough proof to support a purely chronological interpretation of the position of the Eastern Group beakers in the MESG (or of the Epi-Maritime beakers in general), a social interpretation should be taken into consideration.
The Roman Iron Age site Frienstedt (Thuringia, Germany) was a political, economical and religious cen-tre of the area between Harz und Erzgebirge. Archaeological excavations comprised a settlement with pit houses of craftsmen, many wells, and so-called sacrificial pits separated from other features. It was the aim of the present study to compare the bone assemblages from the different kinds of features. A special focus was on the animal remains of the so-called sacrificial pits. Of the faunal assemblage 6000 remains have been analysed, nearly all finds are from domesticates with cattle as the dominant species. This applies for all kinds of features. However, in contrast to other kinds of features the so-called sacrificial pits were used for the deposition of body of complete animals (cattle, horses, dogs) or of associated parts from skeletons. In fact, this points to a special function of this kind of feature. The limb bones of cattle shows stress markers such as lipping regularly, and give evidence for the use of these animals as draught cattle. About 5 percent of the cattle bones derive from specimen with a body size completely unusual for the cattle of the autochthonous Germanic population. An analysis of the aDNA of some of theses cattle remains demonstrate clearly for the first time that theses animals were domesticates. Obviously, they originate from the Roman provinces some hundreds kilometres away. The authors discuss the consequences of this fact shortly.
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