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The Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Edited by Roger S. Bagnall, Kai Brodersen, Craige B. Champion, Andrew Erskine, and Sabine R. Huebner Metropolis in Thessaly Ioannis Georganas Independent Researcher Metropolis was an ancient town located in western Thessaly in the district of Hestiaiotis. The ancient Thessalian town of Metropolis lies under the modern-day town by the same name (formerly known as Palaiokastro), some 9 km southwest of Karditsa. The identification of the ancient town with the modern settlement is due to an inscription, which reads "ΠΟΛΙΣ ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ". A Mycenaean tholos tomb (diam. 8,80 m) located 2 km northeast of the town, indicates that the area was inhabited during the Late Bronze Age. Outside the tomb, there is evidence for a hero cult which was established in the late 7th century BCE. In antiquity, Metropolis belonged in the district of Hestiaiotis, and was located on the southeast corner of the area formed by Trikka, Metropolis itself, Pelinna, and Gomphoi. The town was the product of a synoecism of various settlements, including Onthyrion, Ithome, and Polichnai. The earliest epigraphic and numismatic evidence for Metropolis date to the 4th century BCE. The main deities worshipped in Metropolis where APHRODITE and APOLLO, and an extra-urban sanctuary dedicated to the latter has been found 2 km west of the town. The Doric temple of the sanctuary, which housed the bronze cult statue of the god depicted as a hoplite, was in use from the mid-6th to the mid-2nd century BCE, when it was destroyed by fire. Metropolis was an important member of the Thessalian League as evidenced by the fact that several Metropolitans acted as strategoi (generals) of the League from the 4th to the 1st century BCE. In the 2nd century BCE, Metropolis submitted to Rome. During the CIVIL WAR between JULIUS CAESAR and POMPEY, Metropolis allied with Caesar, unlike the rest of the members of the Thessalian League. REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READINGS Intzesiloglou, B. (2002) “The Archaic Temple of Apollo at Ancient Metropolis (Thessaly)”. In M. Stamatopoulou and M. Yeroulanou (eds) Excavating Classical Culture: Recent Archaeological Discoveries in Greece: 109-15. Oxford. Nikolaou, E. et al. (eds) (2012) Αρχαίες Πόλεις Θεσσαλίας & Περίοικων Περιοχών. Larisa. Stählin, F. (1924) Das Hellenische Thessalien. Stuttgart. See also: Thessaly.