With The Makers of San Antonio

GENEALOGIES
OF EARLY SAN ANTONIO FAMILIES

By Frederick C. Chabot
(THE MAKERS OF SAN ANTONIO)

DATE MICROFICHED
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PROJECT and G.S.

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SAN ANTONIO &__•
GENEALOGIES OF T H E
Early Latin, Anglo-American, and German
Families with Occasional Biographies,
Each Group Being Prefaced
W I T H A BRIEF HISTORICAL SKETCH
AND ILLUSTRATIONS
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FREDERICK C. CHABOT
by
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Author of various publications

Regarding
The Early History of Texas and San Antonio 88*
such as San Antonio and Its Beginnings;
Alamo, Mission, Fortress and Shrine; and
Indian Excerpts from Morfi's Memorias.
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COPYRIGHT 1937 by FREDERICK C. CHABOT
Privately Published. Printing by the Artes Graficas, San Antonio, Texas

April, M. DCCCC. XXXVII
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CONTENTS
SPANISH-MEXICANS
U R R U T I A : 16. ALVAREZ TRAVIESO - Puentes - Karcenns.
C A R A B A J A L - P r o u - L e o n : 32. 163.
H E R N A N D E Z - Russi - O r a n d a i n : 35. R O D R I G U E Z - Castelo - J a i m e s : 166.
R A M O N - Gomez - S a i n t Denis - De Mezieres - A R O C H A - Montes de Oca - Calbillo - F a r i a s
C a l l a g h a n : 46. - B r o w n - H e n r y - B r u n i : 167.
M A L D O N A D O : 54. R O D R I G U E Z - Mason - B u l l i s : 170.
V A L D E S - M a g o f f i n : 55. DELGADO - B u g u a i - P a d i l l a - U r r u t i a -
F L O R E S - A b r e g o - Valdes - R o m e r o - Leone Garcia - P e n a - Z e p e d a : 171.
- M a t e u - S m i t h - F r o b o e s e : 56. C A B R E R A : 174.
Q U I S O N E S - F r a g o s o - F a r i a s : 63. GRANADO - V i l l a r e a l - F l o r e s : 175.
G U E R R A : 64. L O R E N Z O D E A R M A S - B e r b a n : 177.
S A R T U C H E : 65. P E R E S - Casanova - Cordova - E s p i n o s a •
G A L I N D O : 66. Escalera - Cordero - L i n n - H e r r e r a - W a l s h
S A U C E D O - R a m i r e s : 65. - V a r g a s : 178.
C H I R I N O : 65. C H A V E S - Bean - Flores - Gibson - Garcia •
C A D E N A : 66. Fragoso - Galindo - H e n r y - S a l d a n a : 183.
C A S T R O - V e r g a r a : 67. M O N T E S D E OCA - G a r z a - Hoyos - R o s a s -
G O N Z A L E S : 68. G u e r r e r o : 191.
G A R C I A : 68. D E L R I O - de Ios R i o s : 192.
B O T E L L O : 68. E S T R A D A : 193.
C H A R L E : 69. A R A G O N : 193.
D E L T O R O : 69. S O T O : 193.
DE L A F U E N T E - F e r n a n d e z - R a m o s : 69. S A L I N A S : 194.
M O R A L E S : 72. C A S T I L L O : 194.
M O N T E M A Y O R : 72. AMADOR - E n r r i q u e s - S a n t a Cruz - Sala-
S A I S : 72. z a r : 194.
R O D R I G U E Z - V a c a - M e d e r o s : 73. F A L C O N - Cuellar - V a l d e s : 195.
S A N T O S - C O Y - N a v a r e t e - Dias - M o n j a r a s : G O R T A R I - H e r n a n d e z - Riojas - C u e r a -
75. C a n t u - Saenz - D e l g a d o : 195.
GARZA - T r u e h e a r t - De W i t t - C r a w f o r d : 78. Z A M B R A N O - Indo - F l o r e s - F o u t r e l : 196.
MARTINEZ: 81. B U S T I L L O Y C E B A L L O S - H u i z a r : 197.
C A N T U : 82. RUIZ - H e r r e r a - Feille - W a l l - F i s k -
P E R E Z - S a n c h es - V e r g a r a - T e j e d a : 94. Kroeger - C a r n a l - B r o a d b e n t - Wofford -
C R U Z • 97 Ross - Roach - F a r n s w o r t h : 198.
X I M E N E S - S i s n e r o s : 97. N A V A R R O - Ruiz - P e n a - Ogden - Ross -
BARRERA - Shardein - Baumberger - L a n g s t o n - Swisher - F l o r e s - C o o k : 202.
C a m p b e l l : 99. E S P ARZA - Oliva - V e r a m e n d i : 206.
G A L V A N : 102. S A N D O V A L - G a r z a : 207.
S O S A : 102. O L I V A R R I - Ochoa - G a r z a - S a n c h e s -
L U N A : 103. Wulff - J a m i e s o n - M c C a r t - T y r r a s c h -
M E N C H A C A - P a l m a y Carillo - G l a n t o n - Mayer - Brown - H a l l - L a m m e r s - Riojas -
Neuendorff - L a C o s t e : 103. S m i t h : 208.
B A N U L : 117. CIL Y B A R B O - G i l : 216.
S E G U I N - Lewis - T a r i n : 118. Z E P E D A - Trevifio: 219.
M E D I N A - M a t a : 129. L O S O Y A : 219.
B U E N O - R o j a s - H e r n a n d e z : 130. C E R V A N T E S - C a l d e r o n : 220.
C O R T I N A S - D u r d n : 131. R I V A S - Flores - Vela - C h a p a : 221.
T R E V I S O - L o c k m a r - Giraud - S o t o : 131. CUELLAR - Ramires: 221.
M O N T O Y A : 134. A R R I O L A : 221.
C A M A C H O : 134. Q D I N T A N A : 222,
A V I L A : 135. CASSIANO - S m i t h - Gonzales - Steel - Gar -
N U S E Z - M o r i l l o : 135. cia - P e n a - P e r e s - X i m e n e s - Lightfoot -
OCON Y T R I L L O : 136. Carvajal - M a r m i o n - Campbell - G a r z a -
G U E R R E R O - H u i z a r : 137 . Moroney - F r e e m a n - B r i c k e r : 223.
L E A L - Goraz - Arredondo - E s c a l e r a - Gue- Y T U R R I C A S T I L L O - E d m u n d s - M a r x : 226.
r r e r o - Mooney - L o z a no - Dominguez - A R C I N I E G A - L a F r a n c e : 234.
Gallardo y S a l a z a r - R a m i r e s - A g r e d a - T A R I N - Ruis - M o n d r a g o n - C a d e n a - Gor-
P e r e s - C a s a n o v a - Garcia - Olsen - M a r - t a r i - Rodriguez - C a s a n o v a : 234.
tinez - D w y e r - Bullis - Russell - S c h m i d t - R I P P E R D A : 236.
L e i g h t o n - M o n j a r a s - C a s i l l a s : 147. MUSJOZ: 237.
C U R B E L O - Calderon - M o r i n - S a n t o s -
S m i t h - Tobin - N e w t o n : 154. C O R D E R O : 238.
S A N T O S - M u n o z : 160. S A L C E D O : 240.
P A D R O N - C h a v e s : 160. M A R T I N E Z : 241.
N I Z - R o d r i g u e z : 162. V E R A M E N D I - B o w i e : 24S.
CONTENTS Vlll
FRENCH
A N G E L E S : 255. F R E T E L L I E R E - Gentilz: 262.

G R E N E T - P o w e l l : 263.
C A M B R A I : 255. G U I L B E A U : 263.
R O L E N M I N O N : 256.
C O U R B I E R E - C a r d e n a s - P e r e s - Ximen« G I R A U D : 264.
L i g h t f o o t : 267. BEAUREGARD - Toutant - R e g g i o : 264.
L A B A U M E - V i d a l : 260. MARUCHEAU - Hanna - H a l l - Gould
L E C O M T E - W a t i n e - T o u d o u s e : 261. Onderdonk - W a n t o n - B u h l e r : 266.
L E R O U X - Castaiieda - C o s g r o v e : 262.
ANGLO-AMERICANS
son - S m i t h - B r o w n - Cassin - C l a r k s o n :
D E M I T T : 273. 322.
S A W Y E R : 273. G R O E S B E E C K - Schuyler - Schaick - T u t t l e .
ADAMS - S m i t h : 274. Burrill - P h e l p s - B o e c k : 325.
M c M U L L E N : 274. L E W I S - L i f f e r i n g - Gallagher - R e e d : 327.
S M I T H : 274. Wevman - Thomp- B R A C K E T T - H i l t o n - Dudley - Wood - D a n -
MAVERICK ^ T u r p m - W X - o n H forth - Wood - K i n g - Cooley - S m i t h -
S n I F?onstW-Woodhull - Adams - U g * - Olivarri - F l o r y : 330.
Graves - Terrell - S a « - MiUer _ J A M E S - Filiis - Sweet - Polly - Milby -
Giles - S e h o r n - Shropshire - Dickinson -
1
gSS " ^ ^ y ^ c N S ^ WHght - Sykes - Montel - A n d r e w s - Bell - Villa-
real - Gonzales - T u n s t a l l - Hall - P o p e -
Crosette - M c G a r r a u g h : 276. ^ .
S h a r p e - Lockwood - Booth - D r o u g h t -
J A Q U E S - S h e a h a n - Cuppies Meriwether - L e w i s : 335.
C r o s s : 289. OGDEN - Gouverneu r - S t a a t s - L u d l ow -
Cox - Wilso n - S t e w a r t : 339.
H O W A R D - W e i r - Simpson - K a m p m a n n -
ss ? $ ^ ™ ^ - * * - *~* Eichlitz - Dobbin - A u b r e y : 344.
EDWARDS - Tunstall - Fontaine - Washing-
ton - Syfan - Rogers - Lewis - Williams -
R T ^ L E ^ e ^ - Eafr
RI D D i t t m a r - M a t h e w s - SomerviUe - K e a r n y -
. Bad E ger L - C a r t e r - R o b e r t s McCullough - W a t t s : 345.
S a y r e - C a n t e r b u r y - W a t k i n s : 299.
C A M P B E L L - M e r r i t t - Bushick - Allsbury - B O W E N P E A C O C K - Calvert - Zorn - J o n e s -
E h r i n g h a u s - J o h n s t o n - H a y s - Shelby -
v S D n m i p 0 - ' W a t s o n - Rogers - T a f t - Tvvohig - S t e i n m e t z - Bowen - Connelly -
^ ^ H a S y " T o p p i n g - Cooper - C h a b o t N o o n a n - O r y n s k i - G r a h a m - Nelson -
. Cresson - K e a r n y - K i l b u r n : 305 Gaenslen - W a g e n f e h r - D w y e r : 348.
I O C K W O O D - Giddings - B r o w n . 314. N E W C O M B : 353.
PASCHAL - Huppertz - Walthall - Pancoast - N O R T O N - F u l l e r - Blossom - S m i t h -
H a m p t o n - B e n s o n : 315. __A„„a H o w l a n d - Lewis - Gilman - H i l t o n -
J O N E S - French - Washmgton - Adams - Dudley - O r d - T r e v i n o - S t a r r - S a r r a t t -
R v a n - H e w i t t - Seguin - S i e m e r m g : 318. J o h n s o n - Sweeney - T y n a n - Mooney -
D E V I N E - Ringgold - Miller - Elde r - P i e r - D i l l o n : 858.
GERMANS
M E U S E B A C H - Marschal l von B i e b e r s t e i n :
B E C K M A N N : 375. 390.
G U E N T H E R : 377. K A L T E Y E R - Cook - W e i n z h e i m e r : 394.
GROOS - Rosenberg - Buss - G u e n t h e r - A L T G E L T - S t a p p e r - S c h w e p p e : 396.
Giesecke - Wilkens - W a t l i n g t o n - Vom Stein HUGO - M c C a r t y : 397.
- Ronse - H a a r m a n - Goeth - R e n n e r t - S C H M E L T Z E R : 398.
B e r g s t r o m : 379. S T E V E S - W a l k e r : 399.
W A G N E R : 382. G R I E S E N B E C K - McAllister - S t u m b e r g : 408.
S C H U C H A R D : 382. H E R T Z B E R G : 404.
D R E I S S - Koch - K a s t n e r - P e e l e r : 383. E L M E N D O R F - W e f i n g - Schmidt - B r a u n -
H U M M E L - F o y : 383. Mueller - Gloetzel - Kellner - B a r d e n w e r p e r
- Heilig - L a u t e r b o r n - Engelke - N e t t e r :
S A R T O R - S t a a c k e : 384.
404.
H E U S I N G E R - Seebe - Guergin - M c C a l l : 385. W U R Z B A C H - S c h u h m a c h e r - Dinwiddie -
H E R F F - K r u e g e r - H e a r d : 386. Beze - Binkley - E c k h a r d t : 406.
D I T T M A R - Conrads - J e a n - T o r r e y - M E N G E R - D e g e n : 409.
C O P E L A N D : 412.
V a u g h a n : 388.
i
ILLUSTRATIONS
PHOTOGRAVURE PLATES
By Elson Company, Inc., Belmont, Mass.
MRS. C H A B O T (NEE VAN D E R L I P ) : Dedication p a g e .

S A I N T A N T H O N Y O F P A D U A . F r o m a s t a t u e t t e •* Valdes h e i r l o o m ; see p a g e 2:?1 of text.
Courtesy of t h e C a n a r y Island Society: Frontispiece.
S A N J O S E M I S S I O N P O R T A L . F r o m t h « m i n t i n g by Thomn s Allen, in t h e Museum of Fine
A r t s , Boston. Reproduced in Chabot, " I n d i n n E x c e r p t s from Morfi's M e m o r i a s . " F a c i n g : 14.
CATTLE BRANDS. Facsnnilip. F r o m +ha Bexsc- Archiv*^. Approved hy the Governor,
May 19. 1778, for t h e Rancho de las C a b r a s . F a c i n g : 30.
M A R R I A G E AT S A N .TTTAN M I S S I O N . F r o m t h e p a i n t i n g by Theodore Gentilz. Courtesy of
t h e Y a n a g u a n a Society, owners. F a c i n g : 46.
GENTILZ HOME N O R T H FLORES STREET. S h o w i ng "Buffalo C a m p Y a r d . " F r o m the
paintin-r by Gent ; lz. -nrpsp^ted t o t h e Y a n a g u a n a Society by H o b a r t H u s o n . Courtesy of
L u c y Maverick. F a c i n g : 62.
T H E K I T C H E N . F r o m t h e ""--anting by Gentilz, presented t o t h e Y a n a g u a n a Society by Mrs
F a n n y Steves. F a c i n g : 78.
J U A N L E A L , 1808-1884. F r o m t h e paintinsr in possession of Rosa Newton (nee Leal).
Courtesy of Connie Garcia, his g r e a t g r a n d d a u g h t e r . F a c i n g : 94.
M I L I T A R Y P L A Z A . Showing Mexican chili s t a n d s in back of S a n F e r n a n d o C h u r c h . From
t h e paintinp: bv R. J . Onderrtonk, "fro m t h e sketch by T h o m a s Allen." Courtesy of
E r h a r d R. G u e n t h e r , owner. F a c i n g : 110.
J U A N N S E G U I N . F r o m t h e p a i n t i n g in possession of t h e City of Seguin.
A N T O N I O M E N C H A C A . Texas P a t r i o t s . Courtesy of t h e L e a g u e of Unite d L a t i n American
Citizens. F a c i n g : 126.
E A S T S I D E O F M A I N P L A Z A . 1849. Showing t h e G r a n a d o - B e t h e n c o u rt Home, the Cabildn
or Municipal H a l l , and t h e P a d r o n - C h a v e s H o m s . F r o m t h e p a i n t i n g by W . G. M
S a m u e l s , in t h e B e x a r County Court House, S a n A n t o n i o , T e x a s . F a c i n g : 142.
MARIA DE J E S U S SMITH (NEE CURBELO). From a photograph. F a c i n g : 158.
MANUEL YTURRI. F r o m t h e p a i n t i n g by Carl G. von I w o n s k i . F a c i n g : 174.
C H A V E S C E D U L A . Facsimilie. F r o m t h e Chaves P a p e r s , presented to the Y a n a g u a n a So-
ciety by E s t e v a n Chaves. F a c i n g : 190.
JOSE ANTONIO NAVARRO.
F R A N C I S C O R U I Z . F r o m a p a i n t i n g in possession of t h e H e r r e r a family. S i g n e r s of the
T e x a s Declaration of Independence. Courtesy of t h e L e a g u e of Unite d L a t i n American
Citizens. F a c i n g : 206.
J O S E C A S S I A N O . F r o m t h e p a i n t i n g by Iwonski. In possession of t h e A n t o n i o P e r e z family.
J U A N A M E N C H A C A ( N E E P E R E Z ) . F r o m t h e p a i n t i n g in possession of M r s . Lightfoot.
h e r niece. F a c i n g : 222.
E R A S T U S ( D E A F ) S M I T H . N a t i v e of Duchess County, N e w Y o r k ; T e x a s ' m o s t efficient
a n d a l e r t scout. General S a m H o u s t on r e g a r d e d h i m so highly t h a t h e had a p a i n t i n g of
h i m m a d e. This w a s after t h e B a t t l e of S a n J a c i n t o . T h e original w a s given t h e San
J a c i n t o C h a p t e r of t h e D a u g h t e r s of t h e Republic of T e x a s by Houston W i l l i a m s , a g r a n d -
son of General H o u s t o n . It n o w h a n g s in t h e Public L i b r a r y , Houston, T e x a s . F a c i n g : 238.
DOOR O F V E R A M E N D I P A L A C E . From t h e sketch by J u l i a Johnston, in possession of
S a r a h King. F a c i n g : 254.
A N N E M. B R A D L E Y (NEE LEWIS). From a photograph. F a c i n g : 270.
S A M U E L A. M A V E R I C K F r o m a p h o t o g r a p h .
M A R Y A, M A V E R I C K ( N E E A D A M S ) . F r o m a d a g u e r r e o t y p e . F a c i n g : 286.
D A V I D C. V A N D E R L I P .
J U L I A N A A. V A N D E R L I P ( N E E C O O K ) . F r o m t h e m i n i a t u r e s on ivory. F a c i n g : 302.
ILLUSTRATIONS
JACOB WAELDER. From the engraving in the "Biographical Encyclopedia of Texas." New
York, 1880. Courtesy of Gus Groos. Facing: 318.
JOHN JAMES. From the painting by Edward Grenet.
ANNIE JAMES (NEE MILBY). From a photograph. Facing: 334.
DUNCAN C. OGDEN.
ELIZABETH OGDEN (NEE COX), and daughter.
CORA (MRS. N. T. WILSON). Facing: 338.
GEORGE S. PEACOCK. From the painting by Sully.
JOHN BOWEN (RALPH W, PEACOCK). From a photograph. This engraving is dedicated
to the love of the "Two Brothers," by the grandchildren in San Antonio, Texas.
Facing: 350.
JOHN CONRAD BECKMANN.
REGINA BECKMANN (NEE MUELLER). From the watercolors by Wisard, Zurich, Switzer-
land; in possession of Regina Hurst (nee Beckmann). Facing: 36S.
KARL WILH. A. GROOS. From a painting. Facing: 382.
CARL HILMAR GUENTHER.
HENRIETTA DOROTHEA GUENTHER (NEE PAPE). From the paintings by Iwonski. in
possession of Amanda Wagner (nee Guenther). Facing: 398.
EDUARD STEVES.
JOHANNE STEVES (NEE KLOEPPER). From the paintings by Iwonski. in possession of
Mrs. Fanny Steves. Facing: 406.
TEXT CUTS
SEATED INDIAN: 1
SAINT FRANCIS OF ASSISI: 9.
RELACION DE MISIONES. Facsimilie: 87.
PERFIL. San Fernando: 145.
CANTINA. From the painting by Gentilz; presented to the Yanaguana Society by Mrs.
Fanny Steves: 210.
VERAMENDI HOUSE: 242.
SIGNATURES OF HISTORICAL PERSONAGES: 249.
RELACION CLARA. Facsimile: 258.
THEODORE GENTILZ: 262.
EDWARD GRENET: 263.
WILD HORSES: 267.
MR. AND MRS. JAQUES: 290.
SARAH RIDDLE (MRS. EAGAR). From the painting by Mrs. Wueste: 303.
DAVID C. VANDERLIP. From the painting by his daughter, Mrs. Chabot, from a
daguerreotype: 309.
OSCAR B. BRACKETT. From a daguerreotype: 333.
DUNCAN C. OGDEN: 343.
JACK HAYS. From the painting in the Alamo: 349.
JAMES P. NEWCOMB: 355.
MILFORD P . NORTON. From a miniature: 359.
DR. FERDINAND H E R F F : 411.
PREFACE
I T T L E credit is given the first settlers

and pioneers of San Antonio, who, be-
fore the annexation of Texas to the Unit-
ed States, occupied an important posi-
tion in Texas. During the Spanish regime
they were the only civilians of the pro-
vince with a municipal government of
their own. During the Mexican period
they enjoyed the privileges of a provincial capital and
participated t o an important degree, in the independence
movement of the Anglo-Americans.
In spite of the importance of many of the San An-
tonio Mexican, French, Anglo-American, and German
settlers, little has been printed regarding them. In those
early days of activity, their history offers many and varied
interests.
The present volume is not a history; It is a collec-
tion of carefully selected genealogies and biographies
of families and persons who were closely related with
early Texas history, designed to throw light upon a neg-
lected period; indeed, one of the most important of Am-
erican expansion. As the different groups of settlers have
been separated, it has seemed convenient to preface each
group by a general sketch of the history of Texas in the
corresponding period. This method has resulted in great-
er brevity than was desired and has obliged the writer
to summarize in meager outline more detailed accounts
of particular incidents and periods.
While the sketches here published are genealogical
in their treatment, they contain much that should be of
Interest t o the historian and t o the student of actual con-
ditions In Texas today. It Is only through a detail study
of such biographical data as Is presented here t h a t the
true character of Texas history can be ascertained.
These genealogies and biographies are based almost
exclusively upon manuscript sources, chiefly In the ar-
chives of Texas, Mexico and Spain. The assembling of
these materials, during a period of many years, has been
the greater part of my task. Wherever I have been In my
distant travels, I have never failed t o avail myself o f every
opportunity t o gather new details, no matter how small.
My researches have taken me not only Into foreign and
public archives, but also into private homes.
Transcripts and photostats of many of the documents
cited are contained In my own collection. Most of the
earliest genealogical work Is taken f r o m the numerous and
accurate records kept by the Catholic Church. For the
landmarks, I am under obligations t o the Bexar County
officials, local abstract officers, and University o f Texas
officials. For the French, Anglo-American, and German
portions of the volume In particular, I wish t o express my
highest appreciation t o the respective families. M y first
mterest In genealogy was encouraged at home; my first
manuscript was the result of conversations with great-
grandmothers, and the encouragement of my grandmother
Chabot, t o whom this work Is affectionately dedicated
by me.
FREDERICK C . CHABOT.
Elson Co./ncêlmant.Stkss.
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4 people which takes no pride in the noble achievements

of remote ancestors will never achieve anything worthy
to he remembered with pride by remote descendants.—
MACAULAY
T a spot about fifteen leagues distant from

Fort Saint Louis on Garcitas Creek, La Salle
found evidence, during some of the prelim-
inary Expeditions, that the Spaniards had
long before had a transient establishment
there. It had been a village, enclosed with
a kind of wall made of clay and sand, and
fortified with little towers at intervals where
they found the arms of Spain engraved on
a plate of copper, with the date 1588 at-
tached to a stake. The La Salle expedition,
which had been in port at Petit Gouave be-
tween September 28 and October 2, 1684,
arought cattle, swine and fowls from Santo Domingo. These became
scattered and were the beginnings of their kind in this new land.
2 WITH THE MAKERS OF SAN ANTONIO
The earliest Spanish approaches to Texas, it seems, were mainly

from New Mexico as a base. Subsequent to an uprising ot the Indians
in New Mexico, Govemor Otermin "determined to abandon the pueblo
Isleta del Norte and take with him the friendly Indians from that place
and those who had taken refuge there. With these Indians the padres
founded three mission pueblos in the south. One of these pueblos,
named Isleta, was situated about 12 mi. southeast of El Paso, on the
eastern bank of the Rio Grande." Father Nicolas Lopez, the founder
of Isleta, tells us that it was at the beginning not an Indian settlement,
but one of Spaniards. In his representation to the viceroy in 1685, he
says that, "on coming from Mexico to Paso del Norte in 1683, he saw
that it would be impossible for all of the refugees gathered there to
subsist in one settlement without great expense to the government, and
that he therefore distributed the population in smaller settlements in
the vicinity . . . ." including the Old Pueblo of la Ysleta of Spanish cit-
izens. "Although this settlement is existing today, its establishment
had no important influence."!
Ysleta del Sur and Socorro del Sur, as established in 1682, were on
the right bank of the river, "but a great avulsive change in the channel
in 1850 left them on the Texas side."2
If we include the missions belonging to the upper Rio Grande group
centering in New Mexico, there is good authority for awarding the dis-
tinction of being the oldest Texas mission, to San Antonio de los Tiquas,
1681 or 1682, Ysleta, El Paso County, later known as Nuestra Senora del
Carmen. San Miguel del Socorro, Socorro, EH Paso County, also dates
from 1682. The present buildings, Catholic churches, are said to contain
parts of the original structures.
Julines and San Cristobal missions, were established in 1683-84;
both on the Rio Grande, in Presidio County, the latter at present Pre-
sidio. San Clemente also dates from 1683-84, and according to some
authorities was situated near present Rockwood in Coleman County,
but accordmg to others, probably about the junction of the Colorado
and Concho in Runnels County.
"While these missions have their place in history, it was the found-
ing of the missions in the eastem and southem parts of the State that
had the really great influence in the continuing chronicle of Texas."3
As early as 1530 there is record, Wooten tells us, that Nuno de Guz-
man possessed a slave of the Tejas tribe. While ten years later, accord-
ing to Bandelier, Coronado also knew the Tejas, and passed through
their country.
Fray Damian Manzanet, a missionary friar lately come out from
Spain,* had in his possession, a letter "which had been given in Madrid
to the Father Pray Antonio Binaz. This letter treats of what the blessed
Mother Maria de Jesus de Agreda made known in her convent to the
1 Clark, R. C , "The Beginnings of Texas," in Quarterly, V, 173; and Bolton. Herbert E . ,
"Notes on Clark's T h e Beginnings of Texas/ " in Quarterly, XII, 160-161.
2 The Texas Almanac, 1936. p. 80.
3 Ibid.. 81. 83. See Onr Cath. Heritage. UL
4 Quarterly, V, 177.
SPANISH-MEXICANS
Father Custodian of New Mexico, Fray Alonso de Benavides. And the

blessed Mother tells of having been frequently to New Mexico and to the
Gran Quivirra, adding that eastward from the Gran Quivira are situated
the kingdoms of Ticlas, Theas, and Caburcol. She also says that these
names are not exactly the ones belonging to those kingdoms, but come
close to the real names."*
Maria de Jesus de Agreda, daughter of Francisco Coronel and Cata-
rina de Arana, both residents of the villa de Agreda in Spain, on the
border between Castilla and Aragon, was bom April 2, 1602. "She pro-
fessed on January 2, 1620, and throughout her life was noted for her
great piety, her excessive pcnaDce, and her deep devotion. She wrote a
number of books, best known of which her Ciudad de Dios. She was
subject to fits of ecstacy, during which she remained unconscious and
as if dead for several hours. It was during one of these trances that
she was transported spiritually to the wilds of Texas. She is said to
have made as many as 500 visits to the Indians, the last one having
been in 1631. Mange in his Light of the Unknown Land, says: once,
while praying for the souls of the Texas Indians, the Lord took her
while in ecstatic contemplation, to a different place and clime, among
a people whose nature and disposition had been made known to her
in an abstract manner. The Lord commanded her to speak. Preaching
to them with marvelous unction and instructing them in our religion,
it seemed to her that she was actually doing it in her own language:
Spanish, and that the Indians understood her as if she were speaking
in theirs. After the ecstacy was over she found herself in the same
place where she had been when she first lost her consciousness.
But prior to the apparition of "the woman In blue," as Mother Ma-
ria de Agreda was referred to by the Indians, they had already been
visited by the Spaniards on various occasions.^
"About the middle of the century, however, events began to trend
toward a definite occupation of those lands. In the year 1661 Don Die-
go de Pefialosa, an adventurer from South America, became govemor
of New Mexico. While acting in this capacity he employed himself in
making incursions into the lands east of the province. Whatever de-
gree of extent or importance his explorations may have had, they were
sufficient to arouse in him a desire to undertake a conquest of the
eastem lands; with a view to which, in 1664, he retumed to Mexico,
where he published extravagant accounts of the discoveries he had
made, and endeavored to induce the viceroy to authorize further ex-
plorations and conquests. In this effort he was unsuccessful, and, be-
coming involved in a humiliating quarrel with the Inquisition, he was
compelled to leave Mexico. After many vicissitudes of fortune he t u m -
ed up in France, where, in the year 1682, he made representations to
Louis XTV and his ministers in the hope that he might interest them
in his projects.
6 Manzanet, Carta, in Quarterly. II, 282.

6 Castaneda, Carlos E., "Earliest Catholic Activities in Texas/' in Preliminary Studies.
/ I, viii, 6-6.
"Whether Penalosa received any recognition of his proposed enter-

prise from the French government, it is unnecessary here to discuss.
For palpable reasons Louis XIV was willing to strike a blow at Spain
in her American possessions; and the prospect of adding to the domin-
ion of France the valuable mines of Sonora and Sinaloa was, to his
active imagination, especially attractive. Accordingly, April 14, 1864,
La Salle received his commission to conquer and govern that portion of
North America extending from Port Saint Louis on the Illmois river to
New Biscay."
In the meanwhile, in 1683, while the Spaniards were resting at El
Paso from the long and exhausting struggle with the Indians of New
Mexico, a messenger came from the Jumana chief asking that mis-
sionaries be sent to his people, and bringing glowing accounts of the
Tejas, which lay far to the southward.?
The Spaniards were not long in learning of French activities.
Through a prize in the West Indies they became aware of a French ex-
pedition, though its destination was unknown to them.
Father Manzanet, because of his information regarding the king-
doms eastward from the Gran Quivira, and because of his call to the
ministry for the conversion of the heathen, had come over and dwelt
in the missions of Coahuila. "Now, knowing that His Excellency was
taking steps to open up the interior, to lead to the discovery of the bay
of Epiritu Santo, and to find out whether any Frenchmen were there,"
Father Manzanet "endeavored to leam from the Indians coming from
the mterior whether they knew where there dwelt men white like the
Spaniards." Thus in time he leamed that there were indeed some, and
he who told Father Manzanet was an Indian whom he had with him;
a man whom he had converted a little before, and in whom, though he
had been a pagan, he had recognised a high degree of truthfulness.
Thereupon Father Manzanet charged him very earnestly to ascertam
in detail where and how far distant these settlers might be, and what
manner of people they were, likewise whether the country to be travers-
ed was passable.
Just at this time there arrived another Indian, of the Querns na-
tion, who related to Father Manzanet that he had been even in the
very houses of the French; there were many of them, he said, includ-
ing women; they were well armed, and had some very large fire-arms
(referring to the artillery) .8
Then Pedro Ronquillo transmitted documents from London in re-
gard to La Salle's voyage, and promised others, to be secured through
the King of England.*?
In 1685 the Viceroy, Tomas Antonio de la Cerda y Aragon, Conde
de Paredes, Marques de la Laguna, ordered the Govemor of Nuevo Leon,
the Marques de San Miguel de Aguayo, to send out a company of cav-
alry along the coast north of Tampico. So Captain Alonzo de Leon was
dispatched with 50 men. They crossed the Rio Bravo with considerable
7 Clark, R. C. "The Beginnings of Texas," in Quarterly. V, 172-173, and 176.
8 Quarterly. II, 182-283.
9 A. G. I.. Hex.. Jan. 20, 1687. \
SPANISH-MEXICANS 5
difficulty; and crossed still another river which they called Rio Solo,
which widened at its mouth into a lake. Here they could not cross, so
they returned to Nuevo Leon without news of Espiritu Santo bay, and
moreover without news of the French whom they believed were settled
there.
Again the Spaniards were given cause for fear. A French vessel
was captured off the coast of Yucatan. The newly appointed Viceroy,
Melchor Portocarrero Laso de la Vega, Conde de Monclova, at once
strengthened the eastem frontier of Mexico by establishing a villa of
some 250 families and a presidio of 270, at Monclova in Coahuila.
A second expedition of two companies of cavalry was sent out un-
der De Leon. They too arrived at Rio Solo, and again could not cross.
By this time the impression began to exist in New Spain that the
whole story about a French colony on the bay was without foundation.
But still there came reports of white men Uving in those quarters. And
as the Spaniards say, when the stream makes a noise, it has water in it.
Alonso de Leon was appointed Captain of the Presidio of Coahui-
la; but before proceeding to his post, visited the mission at Caldera,
where he consulted with Father Manzanet, who was not long in con-
vincing him that an expedition should be undertaken concerning the
discovery of the bay of Epiritu Santo. Juan, captain of the Pacpul na-
tion, under orders from Father Manzanet, brought in an old French-
man, naked and painted like the Indians. With such evidence as this
the Viceroy determined on an expedition.
Then came the newly appointed Viceroy, Gaspar de la Cerda San-
doval Silva y Mendoza, Conde de Galve, "who put his whole heart into
the cause as soon as he came into power." He ordered Capt. Alonso de
Leon "to pursue the journey to the bay of Espiritu Santo, as his pre-
decessor had ordained, and for this expedition 40 men went out from
the presidios of Vizcaya, and from the New Kingdom of Leon 40 others.
From all the men three companies were formed, having Capt. Alonso
de Leon as commander-in-chief and Nicolas de Medina as Sergeant-
Maj or; the leader of one company was Tomas de la Garza, of the sec-
ond, Lorenzo de la Garza, and of the third, Capt. Francisco Martinez,
who was a discharged sergeant, having just finished his term of service
in Flanders," where he became a master of the French language.
They left Coahuila on the 26th of March, 1689, and went as far as
the Rio del Norte, which, in the province of Coahuila, was called the
Rio Grande. On the east side Father Manzanet, who accompanied the
expedition as chaplain, called the Querns Indian who knew the coun-
try, and confided in him as a guide.
On the River of Our Lady of Guadalupe, mass was celebrated Sat-
urday morning at 9: o'clock, April 16. It was decided that as soon as
they reached the colony of the French another mass should be cele-
brated, in honor of Saint Anthony of Padua.
On arriving at a rancheria, about 4 leagues away, at 3 o'clock in
the aftemoon, they found it completely deserted. The Indians had
run away and hidden themselves In the woods. But soon the Indian
guides entered the woods and assured them that the strangers were
their friends. Then their captain came out and embraced the various
members of the expedition, saying, thecas, thecas, which it was believ-
ed meant in their tongue, "friends, friends."
They fmally approached St. Louis bay on April 22, 1689. "As they
drew near, no banner was displayed, no sentry challenged; and the
silence of death reigned over the shattered palisades and neglected
dwellings. The Spaniards spurred their reluctant horses through the
gateway, and a scene of desolation met their sight. No living thing was
stirring. Doors were torn from their hinges; broken boxes, staved bar-
rels, and rusty kettles, mingled with a great number of stocks of ar-
quebuses and muskets, were scattered about in confusion. Here, too,
trampled in mud and soaked with rain, they saw more than 200 books,
many of which still retained the traces of costly bindings." On one
building was inscribed "1685." The garden had been fenced in with
stakes; and in it grew com, asparagus and very good endives.
On the adjacent prairie lay three corpses, one of which, from
fragments of dress still clinging to the wasted remains, they saw to
be that of a woman.
In vain did they question the Indians present though from them
they leamed that five of the Frenchmen had been saved and that two
of them were in the immediate vicinity. De Leon dictated a letter,
written with berry stain, and requested the Indians to deliver it to the
Frenchmen, and to return and communicate with him. The expedi-
tion went back to the Guadalupe, awaiting a reply.
Becoming anxious, De Leon with 25 men, proceeded to a nearby
rancheria of the Texas. Before long, about May 1, the chief of the
Tejas presented himself in company with 8 other Indians and 2 French-
men. The latter had their faces smeared with paint, and were wrapped
in buffalo robes, just like their savage companions. They were Jean
L'Archeveque of Bayonne, and Grollet. From them it was leamed that
three months before a large band of Carancahuas had approached the
fort. The inmates, who had suffered from small-pox, fearing treachery,
refused to admit the visitors, but received them at a cabin without the
palisades. Here the French began a trade with them; when suddenly a
band of warriors, yelling the war-whoop, rushed from an ambuscade
under the bank of the river, and butchered the greater number. The
Indian women however, saved the children of Talon, together with an
Italian and a young man from Paris named Breman, whom they car-
ried off on their backs. "L'Archeveque and Grollet, who with others of
their stamp were domesticated in the Indians villages, came to the
scene of slaughter, and, as they affirmed, buried 14 dead bodies."
The two Frenchmen were taken to Mexico City, and tumed over to
the Viceroy.
De Leon treated the Indians with much kindness, giving them
many presents. Father Manzanet came to an understanding with the
SPANISH-MEXICANS 7
Texas chief and promised him that he would return at the time of sow-
ing com.
As a result of the reports of this expedition, the Viceroy and his
Council resolved to estabUsh a mission at Fort Saint Louis.
De Leon also wrote a short letter, apparently to a friend in Spain,
giving an interesting account of this expedition."
Great excitement now prevailed among the Spaniards. Measures
were devised to keep out the French, and to Christianize the Indians.
De Leon and Manzanet were sent for and interviewed. The Captain
seemed to have dwelt upon the fact "that there was said to be settled
among the Tejas a considerable number of Frenchmen, who might be
reinforced by their countrymen and do much harm to Spanish inter-
ests." He made known at the same time, all that would be necessary,
should another expedition be undertaken. The Padre emphasized the
desirabiUty of mission work among the Indians.
Exaggerated news of further French attempts continued to come
in. Then two Texas Indians were murdered by other Indians on the
other side of Rio Hondo. And the Texas Indians repeated their re-
quest for priests.
Fmally, another expedition was decided upon. Captain Alonso de
Leon was placed in command of 110 troops: 20 from) the presidios of
Vizcaya nearest Coahuila; 40 from Sombrerete and Zacatecas; and the
rest from SaltiUo and Nuevo Leon. Those from Zacatecas were most-
ly miners, masons, tailors and shoe makers, and were not experienced
in travel and attending horses. For the first expeditions, Indians had
been plentiful; but now not a single one was available. But the Span-
iards were enthusiastic. In SaltiUo, tale bearers were numerous; and
when one old soldier of the joumey of 1689 learned that another ex-
pedition was being formed, he wrote to Captain De Leon, asking him
to take his son Antonio (Escobedo) among his troops that when he was
old, he too, might have a tale to teU.
This expedition took 150 loads of flour; 200 cows; 400 horses; 50
long firelocks, 12 hundred weight of powder, and three of shot.
Father Manzanet was accompanied by five friars. Pray Antonio
Perea and Fray Francisco Hidalgo, remained at San Salvador mission,
however.
The final instructions to De Leon were that he should destroy Saint
Louis and estabUsh a mission there; and ascertam if any Frenchmen
were about; and that he should leam if the Texas chief were stiU
willmg to have the missionaries of the holy gospel introduced into his
territory, as promised Father Manzanet the proceeding year.
This expedition started from Coahmla on March 28, 1690. They ar-
rived at Fort Saint Louis, "to which Manzanet, as he states with evident
satisfaction in his account of the journey, set fire with his own hand."
The soldiers of Nuevo Leon wished to bathe in the sea; this being
so remarkable a thing that they carried away flasks of the sea water
10 Smith. Docnmentos, 1867. in Wagner. 141-142.
which later, in their own country of Monterrey, was held in high favor
and tried and tasted, because it was water of the sea.
On their way the Spaniards recovered from the Indians a young
man and a boy who had belonged to La SaUe's company. They also
rescued the beautiful Magdalena Talon. And further along they en-
countered the governor of the Tejas, who had come out to meet them.
The feast of Corpus Christi was celebrated on the 25th of May,
1690, in the presence of the Chief of all the nations. After mass the
ceremony of raising the standard of the king of Spain was gone through
with, and the land claimed in His Majesty's name. Then with the firing
of royal salutes and the chanting of Te Deums, a church and village
was founded, and dedicated to the founder of the order, Saint Francis
of Assisi; it was named San Francisco de los Tejas. Within three days
they erected a church edifice and dwellings for the priests. Three
fathers and three soldiers were left in charge.11
As the early buildings in eastem Texas were of wood, they soon
disappeared, leaving nothing to mark their sites. The exact locality
of San Francisco is therefore unknown. It was near the village of the
Nabedache chief, who had met the Spaniards in 1689, west of the Ne-
ches River (now Houston County), and about 40 miles southwest of
Nacogdoches. The village and stream became known as San Pedro.iz
"For the time, the mission was regarded as sufficient for the pur-
poses of both the government and the padres, although De Leon sug-
gested in a report to the viceroy that presidios be established along the
route from Coahuila to the country of the Texas. At San Francisco de
los Texas, which was the first mission founded in (east) Texas, and the
only one established by this expedition, three soldiers were stationed
as a guard. This was in accordance with the viceroy's instructions to
the effect that no large force should be left in the country unless the
Texas Indians proved dangerous; and, in that event, only the number
asked for by Padre Manzanet. De Leon insisted on leaving a force of
50 men to guard the mission. Padre Manzanet, however, considered
this entirely unnecessary and even unwise; but he consented that three
soldiers should remain. The objective point of this expedition was the
country of the Texas Indians, because it was among them that the out-
look for missionary work seemed most promising. In the course of the
advance of the French up Red River this district became the north-
eastern frontier of Spanish occupation. The bay of Espiritu Santo,
where the French had been first discovered, was, for the time, neglect-
ed."^
Father Manzanet suggested that the region on the San Antonio
River, was especially weU suited for the founding of a mission. Brown
11 Garcia, Genaro, Historia de Nuevo Leon, 1909, Mss.; Docnmentos para la historia de
Texas, 1690-1827, Viaje que hizo Alonso de Leon. Garcia Library, The University of Texas;
Historia, Vol. 28, p. 103; and Casis, Lilia M., "Letter of Don Damian Manzanet to Don
Carlos de Siguenza relative to the Discovery of the Bay of Espiritu Santo," in Quarterly. II.
281-312: and V, 177-188.
12 Handbook, Smithsonian Inst.. II, 739, 436; see also Chabot, Indian Excerpts.
13 Austm, Mattie Alice, "The Municipal Government of San Fernando de Bexar. 1730-
1800," in Quarterly, VIII, 281.
SPANISH-MEXICANS
goes so far as to tell us that De Leon left a small garrison at the place
which was the beginning of the presidio of San Antonio de Bexar, on
what grounds we know not.n
i?yX''-''
^•?\w$yi^m^
§myfmmm
y\%yyy'.
\ y f vyx -?yy^.
Saint Francis of Assisi
"Another mission, Santisimo Nombre de Maria, was founded by
Padre Francisco (Casanas) de Jesus Maria in June, 1890, after De
Leon had returned to Coahuila. It was placed on a small river, Arch-
angel Miguel, and was a few miles to the north of San Francisco de los
Texas which had also been placed among the Asinais Indians." This
mission was also called Jesus, Maria y Jose, according to Espinosa. It
14 Ibid., 285.
was probably in the westem part of present Cherokee County, west of

present Alto.1*
"The successful estabUshment of a mission among the Tejas In-
dians stimulated both the pohtical and spiritual authorities of Mexico
to renewed enterprise. The practical difficulty of maintaining such an
establishment so far from any base of supplies was scarcely consider-
ed; but with a zeal that gave promise of permanent achievement, the
rulers set themselves to formulate a program of further exploration
and missionary effort. The acts of the viceroy received the royal ap-
proval, and another expedition on a more extensive scale was planned."
Royal Cedulas were issued May 27 and September 20, 1690 for the pacifi-
cation and reduction of the province, so important as a guard or de-
fence of the Royal Domains. "To command this third expedition the
Conde de Galve appointed Don Domingo Teran de los Rios, govemor
of Coahuila and Texas."
"The instructions of the viceroy for the equipping of the party and
the prosecution of the enterprise were minute and definite." In these
instructions, Domingo Teran de los Rios was called govemor of Texas.16
The purpose of the expedition was to enlarge the mission already
established, and to estabUsh eight other missions and a presidio; to
search the country to find out whether there were any French or other
Europeans in it; and to explore the lands and waters.
This expedition went out in two divisions; the first, under Teran,
accompanied by Manzanet, consisting of 50 soldiers, and 14 Franciscans,
proceeded by land; the second, consisting of 40 seamen, went by sea.
They took with them seeds for planting, and cattle.
The land division left the presidio of Coahuila on May 16, 1691. In
the Itinerary and Daily Account kept by General Domingo de Teran we
read:
"On the 13th (of June), our royal standard and camp moved for-
ward in the aforesaid easterly direction. We marched five leagues over
a fine country with broad plains—the most beautiful in New Spain.
We camped on the banks of an arroyo, adorned by a great number of
trees, cedars ,wiUows, cypresses, osiers, oaks, and many other kinds.
This I caUed San Antonio de Padua, because we had reached it on his
day. Here we found certain rancherias in which the Payaye nation
Uved. We observed their actions, and I discovered that they were
docUe and affectionate, were naturally friendly, and were decidedly
agreeable toward us. I saw the possibiUty of using them to form
reducciones—the first on the Rio Grande, at the presidio, and another
at this point. Different nations in between could be thereby influenced.
We did not travel on the 14th because it was Corpus Christi day."
In the Diary kept by the Missionaries we read:
"Wednesday, 13. We left San BasiUo after having said mass. We
continued northeast, a quarter east, until we passed through some low
15 Quarterly, VIII, 281, note 1 ; Chabot, "Indian Excerpts", xiii; and Texas Almanac 1936
p. 83. *
16 Bolton, Guide, 478; see Chabot, Indian Excerpts, xiii, note 14.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 11
hiUs covered with oaks and mesquites. The country is very beautiful.
We entered a stretch which was easy for travel and advanced on our
easterly course. Before reaching the river there are other small hills
with large oaks. The river is bordered with many trees, cottonwoods,
oaks, cedars, mulberries, and many vines. There are a great many fish
and upon the highlands a great number of wUd chickens.
"On this day, there were so many buffaloes that the horses stamp-
eded and forty head ran away. These were coUected with the rest of
the horses by hard work on the part of the soldiers. W)e found at this
place the rancheria of the Indians of the Payaya nation. This is a
very large nation and the country where they Uve is very fine. I caUed
this place San Antonio de Padua, because it was his day. In the
language of the Indians it is caUed Yanaguana. We traveled five
leagues.
"Thursday, 14th and Corpus Christi Day. We did not contmue our
joumey because of the presence of the said Indians. I ordered a large
cross set up, and in front of it built an arbor of cottonwood trees,
where the altar was placed. AU the priests said mass. High mass was
attended by Governor Don Domingo Teran de los Rios, Captain Don
Francisco Martinez, and the rest of the soldiers, all of whom fired a
great many salutes. When the host was elevated, a salute was fired by
aU the guns. The Indians were present during these ceremonies. Af-
ter Mass the Indians were given to understand through the captain of
the Pacpul nation, that the Mass and the salutes fired by the Spaniards
were all for the honor, worship, and adoration we owed to God, our
Lord, in acknowledgement of the benefits and great blessings that His
Divine Majesty bestows upon us; that it was to Him that we had just
offered sacrifice (of His Body and Blood) in the form of the bread and
wine which had just been elevated in the Mass.
"Then I distributed among them rosaries, pocket knives, cutlery,
beads, and tobacco . I gave a horse to the captain. In the midst of their
rancheria, i.e., their pueblo, they had a taU wooden cross. They said
that they knew the Christians put up crosses in their houses and set-
tlements and had great reverence for them, because it was a thing that
was very pleasing to Him Who was God and Lord of aU. On the day
we left, the said Payaya captain, as an expression of thanks and ap-
preciation, declared that he wished to go with us and guide us as far
as the rancherias of the Chomanes. He also ordered four Indians of his
tribe to help the Spaniards round up the stock and do whatever else
might be needed.
"Wednesday, 15. We left San Antonio de Padua and traveled east,
a quarter northeast, over level lands without woods. . . . "i?
The sea forces who proceeded from Vera Cruz to Espiritu Santo
bay, with the necessary suppUes and provisions, under Don Gregorio de
Salinas y Barona, Captain of the Fleet of Barlovento, joined Teran and
17 Hatcher. Mattie Austin. "The Expedition of Don Domingo Teran de los Rfos into
Texas." in Preliminary Studies, II. i, pp. 14, 54-55.
the land forces after the summer had passed (October), and the whole
force did not start from San Francisco untU near the opening of win-
ter. Teran continued to the Cadodachos River, but owing to the lack
of provisions, returned in December. Many thousands of Indians were
baptised. Settlements were effected on Red River, on the Neches and
on the Guadalupe, approved in Royal Cedula, December 30, 1692. At
the San Andres or Cadodachos River, they estabUshed a Royal Almacen
(warehouse) at San Pedro de Thexas. It was their intention to supply
this headquarters from Vera Cruz, but as the Almazen was destroyed
by fire, with a loss of 90,000 or more pesos, the plan was not carried
out. There was also another misfortune, and that was the severe iU-
ness of the Commander, Don Gregorio de Salinas, who was compeUed
to abandon the project and retum to Mexico. The Governor and his
force departed early in February, 1692. Eight ministers of the Church
however, were left at San Pedro de Thexas, in charge of an Alferez,
called Zerratto, with nine soldiers. There remained from this expedi-
tion, in the mission of Nacogdoches, in 1736, an anchor; and some
yokes, and beUs, two of which were brought from the Asinais by
Father Gabriel de Vergara and Marthin de Alarcon, and were seen in
the presidio of San Antonio, and at the Conception mission, in 1736.18
Both going and returning the men suffered greatly from cold and
from hunger. In returning home, however, they were fortunate in be-
ing permitted to proceed by water, from Espiritu Santo to Vera Cruz.
Governor Teran lost heart after a difference with the friars. Then
Father Manzanet refused to permit the military to take the necessary
horses and cattle for the return joumey. "Thus the breach between
the two leaders of the expedition was widened. The missionary plan
seems to have been abandoned entirely; and the missions already es-
tablished were not in a flourishing condition. The friendliness of the
Tejas was not unmixed with dupUcity . . . Moreover, they attributed the
disease and deaths among them to the influence of the new religion
which they had professed, and began to rebel agamst it and to threaten
the priests. These difficulties were aggravated by the harshness and
lack of tact which marked the dealings of the soldiers with the na-
tives. Indeed, to sum up the whole matter, the practical obstacles in
the way of carrying out the missionary enterprise, together with the
lack of harmony between the spiritual and military leaders of the ex-
pedition, prevented the establishment of a single one of the eight mis-
sions that had been contemplated in the organization of the enter-
prise."
"Father Francisco, in his letter to the Count of Galve, sets forth
some of the difficulties encountered during the year and three months
in which he was chaplain of the missions among the Asinais. The
many superstitions of the Indians, the adverse influence of their me-
dicine men, the evil conduct of the soldiers who had been left to guard
the missions, the difficult task of learning the many languages or
18 Bexar Archives, March 10, 1736; A. G. Mex., I, 1736-1737, pp. 194-196, The Univ. of
Tex. transcripts; and Espinosa, Chronica, 413. See also Historia, Vol. 28, pp. 95, 103-104; and
Pnntos del Parecer, July 4, 1744..
SPANISH-MEXICANS 13
dialects, rendered it impossible to accomphsh much good. He wisely

suggests that thereafter a strong garrison should be placed with each
mission; that the soldiers who form these garrisons be married men;
and they they bring with them their famiUes, and thus constitute vU-
lages around the missions. He insists that in order to convert them the
Spaniards must set them a good example. 'And so I beg your Excel-
lency,' he writes, 'that you consider how this, as agreeable to the Lord,
may not be lost by sending the criminals taken from the prisons, both
unmarried and vagabonds, who, if they were turned loose among
Christians, would do harm, and would here commit atrocities, and pre-
vent the ministers of the Lord, by their depraved Ufe and bad example,
from gathering the fruit of these souls.*"
"Of the subsequent history of the missions San Francisco and
Santa Maria Uttle can be told in detail. As has been indicated already,
the Indians began to give trouble before the departure of Teran's com-
pany. A smaU guard was left to protect the friars, but it was altogether
inadequate; and what Uttle assistance the few soldiers might have
rendered in preserving the missions from injury was precluded by their
lack of discipUne and self-restraint. So great, indeed, were the dif-
ficulties and discouragements that six of the friars who had come out
with Teran's expedition refused to remain, and others, it seems, re-
mained unwiUingly. Manzanet, and the four or five friars who [were]
left with him, continued their efforts at San Francisco and Santa Ma-
ria for more than a year; but the work did not proper."
During the latter part of 1692, an epidemic broke out among the
Indians. Their superstitions were again aroused. They believed that
the baptismal water of the holy fathers was killing them.
The seasons too, were most severe. This winter was unusually
cold, with heavy snows, which when melting, resulted in terrible in-
undations. "For two successive seasons the harvests were destroyed by
drought; the cattle became afflicted with a disease from which most
of them died, and those that did not were stolen by the natives; the
soldiers become more unruly and offensive; and the savages grew con-
stantly more threatening."
PoUtical disturbances had already been caused by De Leon's mis-
take in conferring on the Nabedache caddi the title of "governor of
aU his pueblos," believing that the Nabedache caddi was the head of
the confederacy, or that his tribe was the head tribe of the confederacy,
which distinctions belonged to the great chenesi, a resident at the
Nabedache viUage, and to the Hainai tribe.19
The Indians rebeUed and there was no longer miUtary or reUgious
discipUne .
"In the summer of 1693 an expedition was sent up from CoahuUa
with fresh suppUes for the missions; but it had not the effect of en-
couraging the friars to persevere; on the contrary, several of them
took advantage of the opportunity to return to Mexico. Mansanet sent
letters to the viceroy describing the condition of the missions, and sett-
19 Handbook, II, 1-3; Morfi, Memorias, Book III, para. 9 ; and Solis, Diary, 34.
ing forth their urgent needs, and asking especiaUy that a sufficient
number of soldiers be sent to secure the friars from the violence of
the savages. But the govemment was not in a mood to do anything.
There was no longer any urgent poUtical reason for maintaining set-
tlements beyond the Rio Grande." Indeed, "on the 21st of August, 1693,
the government ordered that the missions be abandoned, and instruct-
ed the priests to retire."
The missionaries, "discouraged at the smaU results of three years'
labor, and fearing violence at the hands of the unmanageable In-
dians," as well as a French attack, with no hopes of aid from Mexico,
decided to abandon their missions. "In the night of October 25, the
friars left the missions, burying the beUs and such property as they
could not take with them." Father Manzanet "applied the torch to
the first Spanish mission in Texas, even as he had earlier fired La
Salle's French fort, and fled."2o
Captain Joseph de Urrutia and three soldiers now deserted to the
Indians, while the other five, with the three friars, began their dreary
traU homeward, "amid their own tears and those of their neophytes,"
and after three months of weary and hungry marching, during forty
days cf which they were lost, at last entered CoahuUa.
"A little later, March, 1694, the viceroy formally ordered the aban-
donment of the province of Nueva Montana," in accordance with a re-
solution of the Superior Govemment in junta, of March 11, to abandon
the country and stop all measures connected with its pacification, until
such time as "circumstances should offer more hope of success."2i
With Uttle accomplished on the Louisiana frontier, the Spanish
government now transferred its attention to the occupation of Pensa-
cola Bay. From the earliest days, when Juan Ponce de Leon started
out for the fabulous island of Bimini, beUeved to contain a marvelous
fountain or spring, whose waters would restore youth, Spain had had
to keep an ever watchful eye on beautiful Florida. In 1560 came French
Huguenots. Then in 1586 Sir Francis Drake almost destroyed St.
Augustine, and again in 1665 the place was attacked by Captain John
Davis. "Not until the last decade of the 17th century did the Spanish
authorities attempt to extend the settlements beyond the east coast.
Then, jealous of the French explorations along the Gulf of Mexico, they
turned their attention to the west coast, and in 1696 founded Pensacola.
When the English colonies of the Carolinas and Georgia were found-
ed, there was constant friction with Florida. The Spanish were ac-
cused of exciting the Indians to make depredations on the English set-
tlements and of interfering with EngUsh commerce and the Spanish
were in constant fear of the encroachments of the British." From the
first permanent English settlement in South CaroUna (1670) a gradual
extension south, with additional settlers direct from England or Eng-
lishmen from the Barbadoes, and French Protestants, kept Spain ever
alert in Florida affairs. "In 1684 the Diocesan Synod of Havana pro-
20 Bolton, The Spanish Borderlands, 217.
21 Testimomo, Sec. 26; Quarterly V, 197-201, VIII, 20-21; and Bancroft, North Mex. States
and Tex., I. 419.
, y & - n y J o d €s . y i y y o i t y • X X Cr? C?
SPANISH-MEXICANS 15
mulgated regulations for the govemment and protection of the mis-

sion Indians. In the same year the Govemor of Florida, alarmed at
the growing strength of the EngUsh colony of CaroUna, undertook to
remove the Indians of the northem missions to more southem settle-
ments with the result that the Yamasee again revolted and, being sup-
pUed with guns by the EngUsh, attacked and destroyed the mission of
St. Catherine island, Ga., and carried off a troop of Christian Indians
prisoners to seU as slaves in CaroUna."22
To confirm the beginning of our city of San Antonio, it is im-
portant to note that in 1832 a number of leading citizens of San An-
tonio sent a pubUc and formal memorandum to the General Govern-
ment in which it was set forth that the city had been settled "one
hundred and forty years ago." Some of the names to this document are
Jose de la Garza, Juan Angel Seguin, Manuel Ximenes, Angel Navarro,
Jose M. Zambrano, Ignacio Arocha, etc.. And, in a Memorial of the
Texan Convention of April, 1833, to the General Congress of the United
Mexican States, it is stated that San Antonio, situated in a fertUe, pic-
turesque and healthful region, had been estabUshed "a century and a
half ago." Teran's crossing of the San Antonio River should also be
noted in Bolton's Explorations on the Northern Frontier of New Spain,
1535-1706, University of CaUfomia Press, 1909.
URRUTIA
The Urrutia fanuly were prominent in the poUtical Ufe of Mexico.
Don Geronimo de Urrutia, Marques VUlar del AguUa, who died August
8, 1690, married Dona Maria de Retis, and their son Juan, Caballero of
the Order of Santiago, was created Marques, by Don Carlos n , Madrid,
July 6, 1689. His nephew, Juan Urrutia y Atana, CabaUero of the Order
of Calatrava and Alcantara, married Dona Josefa Paula Guerrero
DavUa y Fernandez del Corral; his nephew succeeded him as the 3d
marquis. Juan Antonio, the 4th marquis, was the brother of Sebas-
tian Jauregui y Urrutia, and son of Sebastian Fernandez and Maria de
Urrutia y Arana, sister of the 2d marquis. In 1732 Antonio Fernandez
de Jauregui y Urrutia was governor of Nuevo Leon, and for a time gov-
emor of Texas, as governor extraordinary and visitador (1737). Jacinto
de Barrios y Jauregui was govemor of Texas from 1751 to 1759; though
in 1757 he was appointed govemor of Coahuila, and could not pro-
ceed to his new post untU 1759. From that year to about 1767 he served
as governor of Coahuila.
22 Ency. Brit., 11th Ed., X, 543-4; XXV, 503; and The Catholic Encyclopedia, X, 385.
The weU known Mapa de toda la Frontera, on cotton paper, 64 by

128 inches, backed with satin, was drawn by Don Nicolas de la Fora,
Capt. of Engineers, and Don Joseph de urrutia, Lieut, of Infantry, be-
tween 1766 and 1772, at the order of the Marquis of Rubi.
Another interesting reference is to Joseph de Xauregui, who was
considered an expert in Apache relations, and who was present at the
conference held in Mexico City in 1743, for the purpose of organizing
a miUtary defense against this enemy. He was said to be ad interim
governor in San Antonio, accordmg to documents dated June 21, 1743,
in Provincial Intemas, Vol. 236.
Joseph de Urrutia, the romantic character who accompanied the
Teran Expedition of 1691, was bom in Guipuscoa, that aristocratic pro-
vince of Old Spain, the refuge of nobles of purest blood. "Hidalgo tells
us that in August, 1692, the soldiers joined the Texas in a campaign
agamst the Apaches, going westward until the land of the enemy was
reached. WhUe the invaders were sleepmg peacefuUy one night the
Apaches attacked them, and, says our informant, had it not been for
the firearms of the Spaniards, not one of them would have returned
home. On another campaign of this early period the Texas, with the
aid of the Spaniards, are said to have won a great victory over the
Apaches, kiUing 136 of their number." Urrutia was left, a mere youth,
at the garrison established near the Neches by Teran. "When the sol-
diers withdrew in 1693, Urrutia met with an accident on the Colorado
river and was forced to remain among the Indians." This is Urrutia's
own statement, communicated to the viceroy, May 9, 1738. Some, how-
ever, say that Joseph Urrutia, with three other soldiers, Nicolas Ro-
delo, Francisco Gonzalez and Marcos Juan, "deserted and turned back
to live with the Indians." Castaneda adds, in Our Catholic Heritage in
Texas, I, 376, citing Manzanet to the viceroy, 1694, A. G. I., Guadalajara,
"At the Colorado, one of the faithful Indians of the mission overtook
the fugitives and informed the Padres that the soldiers who had de-
serted, and gone back to the mission and helped the Indians dig up the
buried articles." According to Bolton, Urrutia was left wounded among
the Cantona, Indians of the lower Colorado [San Marcos]. "Here he
Uved among the Cantujuanas, Toos, and Yemes for seven years (ap-
parently not among the Texas, as has been supposed), and was made
captain general of all the nations that were hostUe to the Apaches,
learning their languages and becoming intimately acquainted with their
customs. He headed joint campaigns against the Apaches, he said,
with evident exaggeration, numbering at times as many as 10,000 or
12,000 warriors." The Apaches waged war with their inveterate foes,
the Texas, all of the tribes east of the middle Colorado being alUed
against them.
Fray Hidalgo retumed later to live among the Asinais, where he
continued his missionary work for several years, contemporary with
Captain Urrutia's stay. They both so endeared themselves to the In-
dians that in 1714, when Saint Denis appeared among them, they re-
quested him and his party of Frenchmen, upon their arrival in Mex-
SPANISH-MEXICANS 17
ico to ask the appropriate authorities, to have Fray Francisco Hidalgo

sent a minister to them, along with other missionaries, as he had Uved
among them and had an intimate knowledge of their customs and
language, and to have the soldier named "Captain Urrutia," who had
Uved among them at the same time sent out as weU.23
In Mexico Joseph de Urrutia became known as the authority on
the Indians in Texas. Upon his retum, after seven years in Texas, he
was appointed protector of the Indians of Nuevo Leon.24
He enjoyed the confidence of the powerful Marquis of San Miguel
de Aguayo who recommended that he be placed at the head of an ex-
pedition to discover the Gran Quivira, and had he shown any enthu-
siasm whatever for the project, the expedition would undoubtedly have
taken place.
Aguayo wrote "There Uves near here [Mines of MazapU] Don
Joseph Urrutia, Guipuscano, a man of much honor, who through ac-
cident lived among the Indians seven years, and joined them in the
wars against their enemies, and formed such a good opinion of them
that after an absence of nearly twenty years he stiU anxiously desires
to retum to them, and he has so much confidence in them that I have
used his services without cost to the Royal Hacienda in these mines,
and in a project for the discovery of the Gran Quivira." Urrutia said
he could make the voyage to Quivira with only 10 or 12 men, confident
of the good wUl of the many nations, his friends.25
"Had the Spaniards refused to give aid to the Texas, they might
have been spared, possibly, a great deal of trouble, but at the outset
they had definitely put themselves on record as enemies of the Apaches,
and the latter did not forget it. The Apache terror overshadows Spanish
Texas from the founding of San Antonio." Though there was a period
of relative quiet, for the documents available do not indicate that many
hostilities were committed by the Apaches between 1726 and 1730, their
renewed hostUities began with the opening of 1731, and in September
of that year they attacked the horse herd of the presidio of San An-
tonio, at noon, stealing about 60 beasts. They were pursued, and de-
feated in battle, in which three distinct tribes participated. The fol-
lowing year the governor opened a formal campaign. This resulted in
"peace," under the guise of which the Apaches entered San Antonio,
which was relatively near their homes and exposed, committed out-
rages, and caused a genuine panic among the inhabitants, who now
learned that the Apaches could not be trusted. In answer to petitions
from the governor for relief, the central govemment took some feeble
measures for the greater security of San Antonio. "One of the first
steps was to make Don Joseph de Urrutia captain of the presidio of
23 Dunn, "Apache Relations in Texas, 1718-1750," in Quarterly. XIV, 204, 239; Bolton,
"The Jumano Indians, 1650-1771," in Quarterly, XV, 79; Clark, "Louis Juchereau de Saint-
Denis," in Quarterly, VI, 2-3; and Opinion of the Fiscal; Espinosa, Historia, XXVII, P a r t I,
127-131.
24 Discussion regarding his salary. May 19, 1716, A. G. I., Mexico, 1717.
25 Garcia, Dotumcntos Ineditos, XXV, 116, letter dated January 12, 1715; and ibid., p .
120, Espinosa, Mexico, January, 1716. Also Chabot, The Powerful Aguayos, Ms.
Bexar, he being named because of his long experience with the In-
dians. His order to take formal possession of the presidio was dated
July 23, 1733. He was charged to secure the alUance of his old Indian
friends and unite them against the Apaches, with the aim of making
a campaign to compel them to remain quiet." The garrison was in-
creased and the govemor was authorized to levy upon presidios out-
side of his jurisdiction in case of urgent need.26
Of importance in tracing the Jumanes tribe of Indians, is Urrutia's
letter written on July 4, 1733 in which he teUs of his former campaigns
with the Pelones (Lipan?) and Jumane, "who, it appears, have now in-
corporated themselves in the said Apaches, which to me is very strange,
because in that time (1693-1700), when I Uved among them, they were
declared enemies."2?
By 1733 Joseph de Urrutia had had about 40 years' experience
"with Indians in CoahuUa, Nuevo Leon, and Texas, and was probably
the best informed of all the Spaniards on Indian affairs in Texas."28
In the career of Urrutia, as captain of Bexar, there is very Uttle to
record from 1734 to 1738, save a succession of Indian raids upon San
Antonio and vicinity. "It is not difficult to infer from the account of
these depredations and murders that the Apaches were the most pro-
minent feature in the everyday life of the settlers at San Antonio.
They had to be guarded against constantly, as is shown by one of the
orders issued by the govemor. It was to the effect that no citizen of
Bexar should discharge firearms unless he should see Indians entering
the place, and that a shot was to be the formal signal oi an indian
attack." In Urrutia's order carrying out the instructions of the gov-
ernor, it was stipulated that "If it was necessary to fire a gun for the
purpose of cleaning it, Ucense must first be obtained from the captain
of the guard."2*
"From December, 1737, until September, 1738, during the imprison-
ment of CabeUos Colorados and his band, there were no depredations
by Apaches at Bexar." Chief "Red Hair" had great reputation and in-
fluence among his people, and was the cause of many outrages. "It had
been rumored, accordmg to Urrutia, that this chief, before his impri-
sonment, had entered into an agreement with the capitdn grande of
the Apache tribes to steal aU of the horses belonging to the presidios
of Bexar, Rio Grande, CoahuUa, and Sacramento, after which they
would slaughter the inhabitants themselves."3o
Govemor Orobio Bazterra held an investigation conceming the
part played by CabeUos in the Apache depredations, when evidence of
the bad faith of the Apaches was accumulated so that the viceroy
might know the condition of affairs at Bexar and provide some means
of relief. But, "A short time before the investigation. Captain Urrutia
26 Dunn, op. cit., XIV, 204, 223, 226, 228-239. Urrutia's appointment was to solicit peace
with the Apaches. B. A., signed Don Juan de Oliban Rebolledo.
27 Bolton, op.cit., XV, 79, 82; and Dunn, op.cit.. XIV, 228.
28 Quarterly, XIV, 239-240. Nov. 13, 1734, it was stated that the Capt. Commander
Jose de Urrutia had served over 40* yrs. with the entire approval of the authorities.—A.G.L,
Guadalajara. 104-6-8, 1-21.
29 Ibid.. XIV. 240. 243.
30 Ibid.. XIV. 246-247.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 19
had taken things into his own hands, and had sent in a petition to the
viceroy asking permission to make a campaign against the Apaches
upon his own responsibUity. Such had been the effect of the repeated
raids, he said, that the people of San Antonio, Uved in a state of
constant terror, and some famiUes had already moved away. The in-
habitants were afraid to attend to their stock, "and," said Urrutia,
'their timidity does not surprise me (although I do not let them know
it), for he who is not warned by the iU-fortune of others must be con-
sidered rather fooUsh. And, thus, Most ExceUent Sir, those who can
enter a presidio at night as far as the center of the plaza and who
without being heard can safely remove the horses from the corral in
which they are tied to the doors of the houses, are to be feared. As a
result, the greater part of the Indians of the new conversions, fleeing
from the tyranny of these barbarians, have deserted the missions in
which they lived, together with their wives and chUdren, some retiring
towards the coast of the Sea of the South, a distance of more than 60
leagues, and others toward the Big Wood (Monte Grande)," or great
wilds. Urrutia also caUed attention to his residence of seven years with
the Indians of Texas, his knowledge of their language, and their love
for him. "He is not overmodest in proclaiming his own merits, and
his statements as to the necessary qualifications of a successful gov-
emor cause us to suspect that he was 'boosting* his own candidacy for
that office. One of the conditions demanded by Urrutia was that he
should have sole command of the expedition, without the interference
of 'other chiefs' who might spoil the undertaking. The expenses of
the campaign were to be met by the sale of the captives that might be
secured, and aU of the participants were to have a share in the plund-
er." The campaign which was to begin in AprU was delayed until the
winter of 1739.31
In 1740 Joseph de Urrutia was succeeded by his son Toribio de
Urrutia as captain at Bexar.32
Joseph de Urrutia died July 16, 1741; his wiU is dated July 4, 1740,
San Antonio.
Among his contemporaries in San Antonio were Don Juan Leal,
"El Viejo," Don Juan Leal, "El Mozo," Don Diego Ramon, Lieutenant of
La Bahia, Joseph Maldonado, "El Chico," Don Juan Banul, "El Maestro
Herrero," (the master smith), Andres Hernandez, "El Mozo," Joseph Mal-
donado, "El AVbanil," Cthe mason or brick layer), and Juan de Aguirre,
"El Sabanero," (the cowboy, or man on horseback who takes care of the
cattle on the plains) .83
Matheo Perez was Lieutenant, Juan Galvan, Alferez, and Asencio
del Razo, Sargeant of Captain Urrutia's company.34
In the presidio at San Antonio, Captain Joseph de Urrutia Uved in
the old Comandancia or Governors* Palace. As it was adjoining the
31 Ibid., XIV. 246. 248-249.

32 Ibid., XIV, 250.
33 " B . A. Diligencias." 2-27-41; and 3-8-1741, p. 11, list of the company and accounts of
Bej a r ; p. 15, list of the residents of the villa and presidio.
34 B. A. Poder. September. 1735, p. 29. In May, 1735, Andres Hernandez was Cabo of
the Cuerpo de Gnardia, a Bacilio Ximenes, a soldier.
Carcel the Captain used frequently to converse with the prisoners dur-
ing the siesta hour, and even invited them into his patio, as is stated in
documents in the Bexar and Nacogdoches Archives. It is not at all un-
likely that Urrutia's Ul feelings toward Governor Sandoval, who resided
in San Antonio and not the Adaes, arose from the fact that the govemor,
outranking nun, occupied for a time, the palace on the west side of the
MiUtary Plaza.35
The inventory of the estate of Joseph de Urrutia mentions a house
and lot in SaltiUo, with a detaUed Ust of his personal property in San
Antonio, but with no mention of his owning a house and lot here. When
preparing the inventory it is stated that they proceeded to the houses
that were the dwelUng of the deceased Captain Joseph de Urrutia, where
his personal property included:
3 EngUsh table knives.
2 Silver plates with two frames.
1 SUver salt cellar.
2 SUver spoons.
1 Embroidered chair.
1 Sword with sUver handle.
1 Painting, three quarters, of the Adbocazion de Nuestra Senora de
los Dolores.**
At the time of his appointment as Captain of the presidio at Bexar,
Joseph de Urrutia was not without domestic cares, for as he himself
states in the Expediente sobre la campana, "I am a poor man, burdened
with years, many children, and fanuly, without having been able to
accumulate anything in so many years of service.'^?
I. Joseph de Urrutia married first, m i n o R e a l a n d s o u t h t o t h e h o m e of
Geronimo Flores. T o t h e n o r t h w e r e his
Antonia Ramon, of Rio Grande del own l a n d s .
Norte, and by her he had a 3 C a t h a l i n a , probably t h e wife of J u a n
Cortes, w h o w a s in m i l i t a r y service a t
daughter, Antonia, who died pre- L a B a h i a . 38
4 J u a n a , m . 1st, I g n a c i o Gonzales Y n c l a n ;
vious to September, 1747. She mar- a n d m . 2nd, 1746, P e d r o Ocon y Trillo.
ried Joseph Antonio Menchaca, and The g o d p a r e n t s a t t h i s m a r r i a g e were
J o a q u i n de U r r u t i a a n d Josefa Flores.
tiieir family was among the most 5 Thoribio, who w a s a p p o i n t e d C a p t a i n
prominent in the presidio of San of t h e Presidio of S a n A n t o n io de
Bejar, a f t e r his f a t h e r ' s a d m i n i s t r a t i o n ,
Antonio. as a r e w a r d for t h e p a r t i c u l a r m e r i t s
of his f a t h e r , a n d for seven y e a r s of
Joseph de Urrutia married se- s a t i s f a c t o r y service on his own p a r t , t o
cond, after the death of his first t h e C r o w n . 39
Mayor i n 1743.
H e w a s also J u s t i c i a
wife, Rosa Flores y Valdez, of Sal- H i s f o r a y in 1745, t o check t h e A p a c h e

o u t r a g e s w a s one of t h e most n o t a b l e
tiUo. They had: of its k i n d . L i k e those of Flores, 1723,
1 Rosa. Governor Bustillo, 1732 a n d J o s e p h de
2 Joseph Miguel, who received a Royal U r r u t i a , 1739, t h i s c a m p a i g n wa s l a t e r
G r a n t in 1744, for his m a n y y e a r s of said t o h a v e been m a d e t o t h e S a n
service to t h e C r o w n . I t w as located Saba r i v e r . 40 H e w a s t h e signer of
on t h e river, r u n n i n g west to t h e C a - t h e P n n t o s del P a r e c e r , a n a b r i d g e m e n t
35 B . A., Ms. a n d Chabot, S.A. & I t s B e g i n n i n g s , C e n t e n n i a l Ed., p . 23.

36 B . A . Diligencias, cit., p p . 4-6 a n d 8-11.
37 D u n n , " A p a c h e R e l a t i o n s , " in Q u a r t e r l y , X I V , 240, n o t e 2.
38 B . A., T e s t i m o n i o, 6-27-1797.
39 A . G. I., G u a d a l a j a r a , 104-6-8.
40 Bolton a n d M a r s h a l l , Colonisation of N o r t h A m e r i c a , a n d D u n n , " A p a c h e Relations/
in Q u a r t e r l y , X I V , 251-252.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 21
of the Testimnonio, signed in Mexico, 4 Francisco Antonio, b. 1752 (?)

July 4, 1744, by FeMx de Sandoval. 5 Ana Rosa, m. 1765, B. G. de la Zerda.
Thoribio de Urrutia married Josefa 6 Juan Nepomuceno, b. 1744.
Flores Valdes. They had no posterity. 7 Ana Joaquina, m. before 1793, Mariano
The widow received a Royal Grant in U r e n a ; and perhaps m. Francisco Flores,
1778, along the San Pedro Creek, in whose son Vicente, m. 1770, Petra Pa-
front of where she was living, a t a dron.
crossing of the creek; to the south was 8 Franciso, b. 1746; q. s.
the home of Luis Antonio Menchaca, 9 Jflaria Josefa, b. 1758 (?), m. Jose de
with the street going to the bridge los Santos Coy.
between. Thoribio de Urrutia was very
generous to his niece, Maria Ignacia de m . Manuel (1), b. ca 1733, entered
Urrutia, who married Joseph Bueno de miUtary service, ca 1752; appointed
Rojas. During the visit of the Bishop
of Guadalajara, in 1759 (who gave orders 1st Lieut, at Bexar, March 27, 1790;
for the maintenance of a proper school
and school master), he solicited and ob- but within a month (April 26), he
tained, according to Shea, "the privilege
of erecting an altar of the Immaculate
was placed under arrest for in-
Concepcion in one of the transepts with subordination, etc. He was report-
the privilege of making it a burial place
for his family on payment of four dol- ed unable to discharge his duties
lars at each interment, and making an
offering of wax, bread, and wine on
on account of excessive drinking,
All Souls' Day." January 25, 1792. His detailed re-
6 Joaquin, q. s. port (1787) on Indian activities is
7 Pedro, who was in SaltiUo a t the time
of his father's death; m Gertrudis Val- of importance.*2 He m. 1759, Jose-
des:
i Manuel, m. 1773, Maria Josefa
fa de Carvajal:
Hernandez (Marcos and Luisa de 1 Joseph Miguel, b. 1763.
la Garza), parents of Maria Ger- 2 Joseph Luciano, b. 1766.
trudis Antonia, b. 1774. 3 Maria Gertrudis Antonia, b. 1774.
8 Ignacio. 4 ? Guadalupe, m. Marcos (Jose Reyes)
9 Juana Gertrudis. Perea, whose son Ignacio m. 1804,
Joseph de Plaza and Pedro Godoy, resi- Maria Josefa Torres (Lazaro and Josefa
dents of the Minas de San Pedro de Boca de de la Garza).
Leones, were sons-in-law of Joseph de Urru-
tia, and two of the executors of his estate.
III. Francisco (8), b. 1748, m. Ger-
n . Joaquin (6), m. Josefa Hernan- trudis Valdes:
1 Juan Antonio, q. s.
dez (Francisco and Mariana Lon- 2 Maria Josefa.
3 Esmergilda.
goria, b. 1721). He d. previous to 4 Juan. d. y.
September, 1747. His lands were 5
6
Juan Francisco.
Guadalupe.
bounded east by those of Diego 7 Maria Gertrudis.
Hernandez; west, San Pedro Cr., 8 Josefa Juana Gertrudis.
with a street between; and south, EV. Juan Antonio (1), m. 1797,
Francisco Hernandez, his father- Maria Ignacia Leal (Joaquin and
in-law. His grant was dated 1742.41 Ana Maria de Arocha):
1 J u a n Francisco Antonio Vitoriano.
Joaquin de Urrutia and Josefa 2 Jose de Jesus, b. 1805, and
3 Jose Nepomuceno, b. 1805, twins.
Hernandez had: 4 Jose Antonio Vicente.
1 Manuel, q. s. 5 Encarnacion, q. s.
2 Maria Ignacia, m. 1st, Simon de Arocha: V. Encarnacion, m. 1841, Lino de
m. 2nd, Joseph Bueno de Rojas. Arocha, q. v.
3 Maria Luisa, m. Juan Leal.
41 B. A., 9-25-1747, evidently in error in stating that Pedro Ocon y Trillo m. 1746, Juana
de Urrutia, dau. of Joaquin and Josefa Hernandez, as the Cathedral records are very definite.
42 B. A., Testimonio, 1779, No. 21, p. 5 ; B. A., September 28, 1787; and B. A. Expediente.
The Province of Nueva Montana de Santander y Santillana, con-

stituted out of the lands of the Tejas tribes by Teran, was apparently
left for twenty years "to the undisturbed possession of the Indians."
This relatively blank period, between 1693 and 1713, we leam from a
few items which have come to Ught in Mexican archives since Dr. Clark
wrote, had its activities, which logicaUy prepared the founding of San
Antonio, the permanent settlement.^.
In 1694 the Queretaran, Fray Francisco Estevez, urged the import-
ance of reUgious work among the Texas Indians; and this, in face of
opposition from the CoahuUtecan missionaries, who protested, October
3, 1693, agamst sending Manzanet and his companions to Texas, as de-
trimental to their own missions.4*
In compUance with instructions, the Queretaran, Pray Isidro de Es-
pinosa, rendered a report on December 11, 1708, describing the mission-
ary movements which he had known to take place from the first year
of his service, 1698.45
Fray Diego de San Buena Bentura y Salazar and Fray Francisco
Hidalgo, he informs us, penetrated the unciviUzed lands north of the
boundaries of Nuevo Leon and CoaguUa, and came to a place caUed Ojo
de los Lampasos, where they found a nation of Indians caUed in their
language the Taxa guiches, who were friendly and disposed to learn.
So under the standard of the Holy Cross a procession was organized,
and mass celebrated. Royal possession was given the Indians, and the
place was called Santa Maria de los Dolores.
Under the protection of that Holy Saint, many souls were reduced
(the baptisms from the founding to 1708 numbered 40). The church
of the mission was built of adobe. It contained three altars, and on
festive occasions the Indian choir, trained by the padres, was heard.
The pueblo of the mission contained 40 Taxagiches, over 100 Xantaguis,
some Payaguanes and over 200 Chanaguanes. At the time of Father Es-
pinosa's report (1708) there were over 27 Christian famiUes in the pue-
blo, along with 9 Gentiles.
From Santa Maria de los Dolores, the missionaries continued about
40 leagues, to the Sienegas near the Rio Grande del Norte, where San
Juan Bautista was located. This mission, however, had been originaUy
founded on the Sabinas, 10 leagues from the Sienegas, in the valley of
Santo Domingo, for the Chaguanes, Pachales, Mescales, and Xarames,
in 1699.46
The presidio of San Juan Bautista was located a gun's shot from the
mission.47
The lands in this vicinity were irrigated by acequias from Castano
Creek and the river caUed de los Nogales, which was 2 or 3 leagues
long.48
43 Bolton- "Notes on Clark's", in Quarterly, XIL 166-157.

44 A. G. I., Guadalajara, 1693-1694.
45 A. G. I., Mex. 1707, 62-2-29, pp. 29.43.
46 A. G L. Mex., 1707, 63-3-29, 31-32, 15-17; "Historia, Monumentos para Coahuila,"
Vol. XXIX, P a r t I, p. 4 5 ; Bolton, "Guide", 31. For the mission (San Bernardo), in the Val-
ley of the Circuncisidn, see A. G. L, Mex., 1707. 62-2-29, pp. 37-39.
47 A. G., Mex., Hist., Pichardo, pp. 464-468.
48 Historia, XXIX, P a r t I.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 23
San Juan Bautista, below modem Eagle Pass, was a great rendez-
vous and trading place for the tribes and became known as "the Cadiz
of the Interior."4&
The Rev. Father, Pr. Antonio de OUvares, desirous of knowing more
about the numerous nations on the other side of the Rio Grande, swam
that river, in company with Captain Joseph de Urrutia and a son of
Captain Diego Ramon. They walked many leagues inland (to the Rio
Frio) where they encountered numerous Indians, docUe, ready to listen
to instructions, and anxious to have missions established among them.
Father OUvares remained some time among them, teaching them the
prayers which they recited with him. Returning to his own poor mis-
sion, but recently founded on the Rio Grande, he informed his associates
of the favorable aspect of thc country, and arranged a visit to CoahuUa,
where PhUip Charles Galindo, Bishop of Guadalajara, was then on a
visitation, to propose a mission beyond the Rio Grande.
As the Heruipianos, enemies of the Christians, had caused so much
distress among the tribes of the San Juan Bautista mission, Fr. Fran-
cisco Hidalgo determined to go in person and request the support of the
govemor of CoahuUa. As a result of these activities, a great gathering
of Spaniards at the mission on the Rio Grande was caUed. Fr. Antonio
OUvares y San Buenaventura was present, along with Pr. Francisco
Cuervo, Sgt. Maj. Diego Ramon, Bernardo de Benavides, and other prac-
tical veterans, who had had experience in Nuevo Leon and CoahuUa,
mcluding aU of the reUgious of those parts. It was decided to send
Pray Antonio OUvares to Mexico; and while at the Court of the Capital
he said much more than the letters he presented could explain. OUvares
retumed to the Rio Grande with favorable dispatches, accompanied by
other workers, mcluding Fray Alonso Gonzales and Fray Jorge de Puga.
After visiting the mission of San Juan Bautista, they continued their
trip, and founded the mission of San Francisco Solano, with a populous
rancheria of Xarames, who were very docUe and subdued, and in no
way repugnant to the Spaniards. Under the supervision of Pray An-
tonio OUvares, they buUt a flat roofed iterrado) church, and a very
adequate one, with two spacious ceUs, a kitchen and garden. Ornaments
were brought from Mexico and very devout pictures adorned the Church.
The Indians carefuUy attended to its needs, and on feast days decorat-
ed it with branches.50
The date of the founding of the mission and pueblo of San Fran-
cisco de Solano was December 16, 1699, according to the General Archives
of the Indies, Guadalajara, 1699. Its location was about 40 leagues from
the Dolores Mission, in the same VaUey of the Vispera de la Sicucicion
del Senor. It was in no way inferior to the adjacent missions. The jewels
and ornaments of Its church, indeed, exceed those of the others.
Accordmg to Espinosa, this mission was founded for the Xarames,
Siabanes and Payoguanes, exceeding 30 in number. From the date of
49 Bolton and Marshall.

50 A. G. I., Mex. 1707, 62-2-29, pp. 17-20; Espinosa, Cronica, V. xx, 642-643; and
Shea.
its founding to 1708, over 150 Indians had been baptised, and ecclesiastic-
al marriages had even been celebrated. The pueblo was quite advanced.si
According to the autos for the founding of the mission of San Fran-
cisco Solano "in the Valley of La Circuncision," it ministered to the
Sarame,, Papanac, Payuguan and Siguam tribes.s2
San Francisco Solano did not remain long in the Valley of La Cir-
cuncision, for there was not sufficient water for three missions there. It
was therefore removed ,March, 1705, to San Ildephonso, in the Valley of
Encarnacion, 15 or 16 leagues west of the other two missions (on the
Rio Grande) where it was given the name of San Indephonso.s*
But this location was in the proximity of the Gavilanes, Ansias, and
other hostile Indians, and though the mission was guarded by 4 or 5
military, it was only with great hardship and loss of life that anything
could be accomplished. There was an abundance of water and wood;
commercial relations soon grew up with the surrouding tribes; and the
two religious at the mission, along with the few Xarames, the original
settlers, were able to attract to the mission over 400 souls, of the Texo-
cadame (teroco dames), Tiquimamares (tic mamares), Tripasblancas,
Xaualines, Piedras Chiquitas (chicas), and many others including the
Julimes (de tipos gavilanes). In 1708 peaceful relations were disturbed
when the barbarous and cruel Tobosos murdered eight of the Xarame
mission Indians ,and carried away two of their girls into captivity. The
rest of the Xarames in consequence, refused to remain at the mission.
The last burial recorded at San Indephonso was dated July 28, 1708.
Another locality was therefore decided upon, 4 leagues from the
presidio. WhUe the necessary formaUties were awaited, the missionaries
and converts, with their jewels and church ornaments, sought refuge
at the mission of San Juan Bautista. The new mission was founded 3
leagues from San Bernardo, and with its pueblo, was caUed San Jose.
The first interment at San Jose was dated November 18, 1710, and sign-
ed by Fray Jose de Soto. Six years later, this mission was transferred
by Father OUvares to his new mission, San Antonio de Padua, and
merged with it.
The following are some of those who served this mission:
1703 Sebastian de Villafranca.
Lorenzo de Longoria and his wife. Santiago Ximenes.
Josefa Gonzales Hidalgo Nicolas Ximenes.
1704 1706
Captain Buenaventura de Aguirre. Christ, de la Garza.
Pedro de Aguirre. Mateo Peres.
Nicolas Flores de Valdes. Francisco Salinas, mayordomo in 1712.
Gertrudis Valdes. 1707
Joseph Farias. Joseph de Aguirre.
Tomas Flores. 1708
Teresa Flores. Juan Hernandez
Leonora Garcia. 1709
Domingo Guzman. Antonio Soto and wife, Maria Rodriguez
Fernando de Leon.
Juana de Montemayor. Guerra, and
Diego Ramon, Alferez. Antonio Soto, Jr., their son.
Mariana Ramos. Agustin Rangel, mayordomo, from Sal-
51 A. G. L, Mex., 1707, 62-2-29, pp. 39-41.

52 Austos, Archive of Secretariat of Government of the State, a t SaltiUo, Legajo I, 1688-
1736—Bolton, Guide, 423. No. 23, 1699-1700; and autos, 1700-1706, Provincias Intemas,
XXVIII, No. 1, op. cit., 90.
53 Autos of the removal of S. F. S. from the valley of La C. to the valley of E., March
26, 1705, SaltiUo, Legajo 1, No. 34, Bolton, Guide, p. 423.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 25
tillo, and Francisco Longoria and wife (?) Jose-

Juana Triguero, his wife. fa Rodriguez.
Joseph de Soto, minister. 1713
„_,_ Bernabe Sanches .
1712 1716
Antonio Ramon, son of Antonia Garcia. Nicolas Mazcorro and
Catalina Ramon Francisca Menchaca, his wife.
The original books of baptism, burial, and marriage, 1703-1708, of
San Francisco Solano Mission were in bad state of preservation, ac-
cording to Bolton, in the Ecclesiastical Archives in Queretaro, and the
copies, at San Antomo, in the San Fernando Cathedral archives, are
not complete.54
The Tlascaltecans, old enemies of the Aztecs, were among the first
to ally themselves with the Spanish conquerors. They were encouraged
to settle in smaU colonies near most of the missions. These missions on
the Rio Grande served many Indians from beyond the river, and fre-
quent expeditions were made into the outlying country.55
In 1703 San Bernardo mission was founded at the place where
there were Ocanes, Canuas, Catuxan, Pazchal, and Pamvlam; and after-
wards they added those of the Pacuaz, Pastaloco, Papanac, Tuamca, and
others of Umited number.
These four missions on the Rio Grande, established by the general
consent of the missionaries and civil officers, in junta at Dolores Mis-
sion, were maintained until the chief one, San Francisco Solano was
transferred to San Antonio.ss
In 1704 the government was requesting detaUed information, neces-
sary for a decision regarding the petition of Diego Ramon to undertake
the conversion of the Indians of Coahuila, and the settlement of their
country.57
Two years later, 1706, a spy reported that enemy Indians were on
the San Marcos River. An order was issued at Villa de Santiago de la
Monclova, February 25, 1707, for the Cabo of the Flying Company of
the Rio Grande to pursue them.
Monclova was the seat of government for Coahuila and Texas. It
is interesting to note some of the inhabitants of the place at this time,
whose names were familiar in the early history of San Antonio: Cap-
tain Joseph Antonio de Eca y Muzquiz; Alferez Christoval Rodriguez;
Regidor Christoval de Carbajal; Alferez Joseph de Maldonado; Antonio
de Luna, Sr.; Nicolas Quihones, Sebastian Maldonado and Joseph de
Maldonado, "el chico."
On March 9, 1707, Sargeant Diego Ramon, Cabo of the Flying
Squadron at San Juan Bautista, set out in compUance with the order
mentioned above, in command of 23 miUtary, on an expedition to the
northeast to punish the Rancheria Grande Indians for disturbances at
54 Bolton, Guide, "Bound Volumes. Administration Books of Mission San Francisco So-
lano," p. 392.
For a description of the 50 tribes east of San Juan Bautista, extending to the territory
of the Texas, see A. G. I., Mex. 1707, 62-2-20, Espinosa's report, p. 24; and Historia, XXIX.
Visita de las Misiones, by Fray Miguel Sevillano de Paredes, Oct. 15, 1727, ibid.. P a r t I,
p. 37. For a list of the priests who served these missions, see A. G., Mex., 1707, 62-2-29,
Informe of Fray Diego de Salazar, missionary of Our Lady of Dolores; certified at Pueblo
le Thlascalan de San Miguel de Aguayo, Dec. 16, 1708, p . 26.
55 Bolton and Marshall, 292.
56 Historia, XXIX, I, visita; and A. G. L, Mex. 1707, 62-2-29, 62-2-29. pp. 37-89; and Shea.
67 A. G. I. S., Mex., Transcr. of L. S., 6-10-1704.
the missions. Along with a guide and interpreter, was Fray Isidro de
Espinosa, ApostoUc Missionary of the mission of San Juan Bautista, of
the College of Queretaro, who served as chaplain of the expedition. Fol-
lowing the Cabo Superior, Sargeant Major Diego Ramon, were: Yznacio
Guerra, Sargeant of the Flying Company; Bautista de Trevifio, Sebas-
tian de VUlafranca, Nicolas Flores, Francisco Hernandez, Assenzion Mal-
donado, Santiago Ximenes, Mathias Garcia, Juan del Toro, Sebastian de
Lara and Carlos de Lara. Those from the Rio Grande who accompanied
Diego Ramon were: Miguel Minchaca, Cabo; Antonio Maldonado, Diego
Ximenez, Agustin Ponze, Antonio de Luna, Diego Minchaca, Juan Cor-
tinas and Alonso de OUvarez.
These Rrancheria Grande Indians lived during the first half of the
18th century, near the middle Brazos river. They were closely associat-
ed with the Tonkawan tribes of the region, but in origin were a curious
composit. "To the Ervipiame, perhaps natives of the region, there were
added, first, the remains of numerous brokendown tribes from near and
even beyond the Rio Grande, who had moved eastward and settled with
the Ervipiame for defense and protection agamst the Apache, and to
escape punishment at the hands of the Spaniards for damages done on
the frontier, and second, many apostates from the missions of the Rio
Grande and the San Antonio missions. Because of the prominence of
the Erpiame in the group, it was sometimes caUed Rancheria Grande
de los Ervipiames. The presence of the apostates in the settlement
made it especiaUy obnoxious to the missionaries." Again, in 1714, Diego
Ramon recovered apostates from this Rancheria.58
"Father Hidalgo did not abandon the project of converting the
Texas Indians. He drew up a statement of the importance of the work,
and forwarded it to the King of Spain. War delayed a reply, but a
Royal decree, August 18, 1708, authorized him to proceed in its estabUsh-
ment."
Hidalgo, however, was not aUowed to retum to Texas, in spite of
OUvares' visit to Spain, to procure it.
An "expedition was undertaken in the year 1709 by the Rev. Father
Pray Antonio de OUvares, ApostoUc Preacher, Commissary of the Holy
Cross of Queretaro, accompanied by Father Pray Isidro de Espinosa,
ApostoUc Preacher and Missionary in charge of the Mission of San
Juan Bautista on the Rio Grande del Norte, and assisted by Captain
Pedro de Aguirre, Commander of the Presidio of Rio Grande del Norte
and 14 men from his company, agreeable to the orders issued by his Ex-
ceUency the Duke of Albuquerque, Viceroy, Govemor, and Captain Gen-
eral of New Spain.** This expedition set out from the Mission of San
Juan Bautista, AprU 5, 1709, in search of the San Marcos River. It gave
the River San Antonio its present name. Let us read the item in Es-
pinosa's Diary:
"AprU 13th. Saturday. We continued our course towards the east
through some ravines fiUed with holm-oaks, mesquites and some white
58 Diary of an expedition made by Diego Ram6n from San J u a n Bautista to central
Texas 1707, Provincias Intemas, XXVIII, No. 4, Bolton, Guide, 91. Bolton Transcript,
The Univ. of Tex., 1700-1707.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 27
oaks, until we arrived at the arroyo of Leon, which had running water,
and we crossed it about a gunshot from where General Gregorio Salinas
crossed it some years before. We crossed a large plain in the same
direction, and after going through a mesquite flat and some holm-oak
groves we came to an irrigation ditch, bordered by many trees and with
water enough to supply a town. It was full of taps or sluices of water,
the earth being terraced. We named it San Pedro Spring (agua de San
Pedro) and at a short distance we came to a luxuriant growth of trees,
hight walnuts, poplars, elms, and mulberries watered by a copious spring
which rises near a populous rancheria of Indians of the tribes Siupan,
Chaulaames and some of the Sijames, numbering in all about 500 per-
sons, young and old. The river, which is formed by this spring, could
supply not only a vUlage but a city, which could easily be founded here
because of the good ground and the many conveniences, and because of
the shaUowness of said river. This river not having been named by the
Spaniards, we caUed it the river of San Antonia de Padua. Having dis-
tributed tobacco among aU of them, we took four Indians to guide us
from this rancheria, and after passmg a forest of mesquite trees we
came to an arroyo of briny water (the Salado) and stopped on the op-
posite bank. We traveUed this day eight leagues." The campaign ended
AprU 28.59
Father Francisco Hidalgo made new efforts to return to his former
charge, but without success. Finally, in 1711 and 1712, "after trying in
vain to get from his govemment and his college help to restore the mis-
sions, tumed for aid first to the missionaries and then to the secular
authorities of Louisiana. His own explanation of this proceeding was
that he felt assured that if he could but give an actual demonstration
of the danger from the French, he would be sure of aid in getting the
coveted permission. His appeal to the missionaries, which in 1713 feU
into the hands of Govemor CadiUac, arrived, as we shall see, at a most
opportune time, from the standpoint of affairs in Louisiana."6o
FoUowing the unsuccessful attempt of La SaUe, Pierre le Moyne
d'IberviUe was chosen to lead another colony. He reached the gulf early
in 1699 and soon after bmlt Fort Maurepas (BUoxi), the earUest settle-
ment in what is now Louisiana. Antoine Crozat, who was granted a
trade monopoly in 1712, promptly took steps to add a trade with the
neighboring Spanish colonies. A ship was sent to Vera Cruz the fol-
lowing year, when the viceroy rejected aU of CadUlac's overtures. Cadil-
lac was entirely willing to assist the Spanish friars in rebuUding their
churches, if thereby he could secure a better cominercial arrangement;
so in response to Hidalgo's invitation, he immediately prepared to send
a tentative expedition overland to the Rio Grande. Saint-Denis, one
of the most experienced men in the vicmity, was placed in command.
Louis de Saint-Denis, a native of Quebec, was a soldier by profes-
sion; he had served as Captain of 50 men at the Fort of St. John on the
69 Bolton and Marshall. 292.
Shea, The Catholic Church in Colonial Days, Chap. II. A biography of Francisco Hi-
dalgo, is given by Arricivita, in his continuation of Espinosa's Cronica, pp. 206-226. Bol-
ton, Spanish Borderlands, 221. Espinosa's Diary of 1709, in Preliminary Studies, L iii. 3.
6 ; original in A. G. I..—2-2-29. See Bolton, Guide. 390 and Tex. in Middle 18th Century, Map
60 Bolton, De Mezieres, I, 86-37.
Mississippi. At the time of his new appointment, he was commander

of Port BUoxi. Early in the spring of 1700 he had accompanied Bien-
vUle "up Red River to the village of the Yatase Indians, where they
heard from some visiting Caddos of a report of the existence of a Span-
ish settlement 5 days joumey towards the west. About two months
later Saint-Denis ascended the river again, passing through the country
of the atchitoches, and reaching finally that of the Caddo. Here the
Indians told him that they had seen no Spanish for more than two
years." He knew the Spanish language. Most important of all, he un-
derstood the Indians and had great influence among them.
His passport, dated Fort St. Louis, September 12, 1713, read: "The
sieur de Saint-Denis is to take 24 men and as many Indians as neces-
sary and with them go in search of the mission of Fr. Francisco Hidalgo
in response to his letter of January 17, 1711, and there to purchase
horses and cattle for the Province of Louisiana." It was carefully
worded, and only set forth the ostensible objects of the expedition neat-
ly concealing the ulterior motives of the French. Saint-Denis had his
private instructions to proceed "to the Natchitoches tribe to open up a
trade with the Indians, and, using Father Hidalgo's letter as a pretext,
to try to estabUsh an overland commerce with the Spaniards of Mex-
ico." French accounts state that Saint-Denis' purpose was to form a
settlement at Natchitoches, to explore the country westward, to ob-
serve the movements of the Spaniards on the Rio Bravo, and to see
whether they had advanced over that river into Louisiana. During this
same year, 1714, the French established a smaU post and mission upon
the upper tributaries of the Sabine; the post was known at Le Dout.
Another small post was also erected about 30 miles west of present
Nacogdoches, which also kept up for many years.
The expedition which started from Mobile was delayed at Biloxi,
"and probably did not enter Texas untU some time in 1714". Not finding
Father Hidalgo or his mission in the Natchitoches region, Saint-Denis
proceeded to the Rio Grande in the spring. Among the Asinais, how-
ever, he found "well-marked traces of Hidalgo's work." It was now that
these Indians asked for the return of Father Hidalgo and Captain Ur-
rutia. The expedition finally arrived at the presidio of Rio Grande in
August 1714, after a journey, which Bonilla states, had taken one year
and nine months.
Diego Ramon, the commander of the presidio, seized the goods of
the Frenchmen, and detained Saint-Denis himself, until the receipt of
orders from the viceroy. Saint-Denis unproved the delay by faiUng in
love with his future wife. "After several weeks the govemor of Coahui-
la sent a detachment of soldiers to convey the Frenchman to his cap-
ital. Saint-Danis took with him only his valet de chambre, Medar Jalot,
sending Penicaut and the others back to the post on the Red River to
await his return. From Monclova he was conducted to the City of
Mexico, arriving there sometime in June."
The govemment was prepared to deal with the situation, for they
had been warned by the Spanish governor of Pensacola, in August, 1713,
that such an expedition was in progress. "The actual presence in Mex-
SPANISH-MEXICANS 29
ico City of Frenchmen who had traveled unhindered more than 400 mi.
across Spanish territory, aroused the dilatory and indifferent officials
to action. A Council of War concluded that "the commerce of the north
was threatened with destruction; the valuable mines were liable to im-
mediate discovery; and the province of Texas was in imminent danger
of being possessed by the encroaching French." To guard agamst these
contingencies the recommendations of the fiscal were approved. The
governors of the north provinces were to be instructed to prohibit the
further entrance of the French upon Spanish territory. The missions
were to be re-established upon the eastem frontier, for which purpose
"twenty-five soldiers and a captain should go, with a sufficient num-
ber of priests and establish four missions among the Tejas Indians,"
where strict watch was to be kept upon the movements of the French,
and information thereof, promptly furnished the government.
One lesson the Spaniards had learned, and that was that the qual-
ity of soldiers was of utmost importance. To prevent a recurrence of
the early evils suffered by the licentious soldiery, it was now determined
to send with the priests, as far as possible, only men of family, "who
would be more circumspect in their conduct and who would go with the
expectation of making homes for themselves in the new country."
In the meanwhile, Saint-Denis was questioned at length, in the City
of Mexico, upon the purpose of his expedition, and warned against en-
gaging in contraband trade. Whatever might have been his declaration,
enough was learned by the Spaniards to set them thinking. He had
drawn up a map of the route he had travelled which was accurate, cor-
rect and reliable. It threw light upon things not mentioned in the rec-
ords. The French had explored and examined all the country and were
able to secure complete information that could be used in case they
wished to introduce their goods in contravention of the orders of His
Catholic Majesty and the Most Christian King. All of which proved that
they had been constantly on the alert and had noted the sUghtest
neglect on the part of the Spanish governmental
Saint-Denis was clever, however, in coming to an understanding
with the high officers of the government. "He was offered the position
of guide to the expedition of soldiers and missionaries that was to be
sent out" which he accepted, returning to the presidio on the Rio Gran-
de as soon as possible to be with his fiancee. Here he awaited the com-
ing of Captain Ramon and his company. Saint-Denis' appointment as
cabo comboyador or conductor de viveres of the expedition, left no doubt,
says Arricivita, as to the true character of this Frenchman.^2
It is noticeable that none of the reports concerning these early
activities mention any Spaniards in the vicmity of San Antonio. "But
at least one group of famUies had come independently, and that, too,
before 1718; hence this date which is usually given for the beginning
of Bexar must be incorrect."63
The foUowmg data are taken from two sides of page 4 of a manus-
61 Historia, XXVII, Fiscal's Opinion.
62 Arricivita, Cronica, 222.
63 Austin, "Municipal Government," in Quarterly, VIII, 291.
cript of 65 foUos or double pages in the Bexar Archives, entitled: "Mem-

orial, Explanation and Defense, presented by the Citizens of the VUla
of San Fernando and the Royal Presidio of San Antonio de Bexar, the
Capital of the Province of Texas, to Don Rafael Mmz. Pacheco, acting
Governor, in the year 1787, for the purpose of forestalling any decrees
that might be issued by the Commandant-General to the detriment of
the inaUenable right that the inhabitants had to the cattle and horses
of the province which the above mentioned officer seized for the Royal
Treasury on account of the unjust and unwarranted statements made
by the former govemor, Don Domingo Cabello."
"It is certainly evident and clear that the settlement of this pro-
vince of Texas was begun in the year fifteen (15) of our present century
[18th century].'* The province had been given its name by the captains
who under orders from superior authorities, made various expeditions
into its confines, who, however, had only the satisfaction of exploring
it, and not the good fortune of settling it.
In the aforesaid year, 1715, certain bold settlers of the two adjom-
ing provinces, Nuevo Reyno de Leon or Monterrey and Nueva Estrema-
dura or Monclova, at that time the outermost frontier of New Spain,
left their homes, to gain fame or to advance their own private interests,
because they had had rehable information that the numerous wild In-
dian tribes Uving at that time within the limits of the aforesaid pro-
vinces, as weU as in the best lands of this province, were at peace.
The citizens of San Antonio in 1787, had only a faint and sad mem-
ory of those men, who, with the consent of their superiors conceived
this project, who, with manly courage, set out in search of this famous
and much lauded river of San Antonio, and who took possession of the
lands. Upon the banks of the river, almost upon the spot where San
Antonio was located in 1787, they formed their settlement, bringing with
them not only their famiUes, their wives and their children, but also
their livestock (horses, cattle, sheep and goats) and everything else they
considered necessary for their subsistence. For their reUgious worship,
however, they returned to the Presidio of San Juan Bautista del Rio
Grande, from time to time. They had no trained soldiers to defend
them, but were obliged to rely upon themselves for such troops as they
selected from their own number. In 1787 there remained nothing, save
the memory of the coming of these men. The foremost among them were
Don Mateo Carbajal, Don Cristobal Carbajal and Don Francisco Her-
nandez . There still remained, in 1787, among their descendants, some
vestiges of the possessions they brought with them ,the survival and in-
crease of the cattle. "But there is no adequate appreciation of the ser-
vices of these brave men, no adequate honors bestowed upon them as
our first settlers."
The citizens of San Antonio claimed an undeniable, undisputable
and legal right to the horses and cattle that were found in the pastures
of the section, or in the surrounding country, to a distance of more than
twenty-five leagues, especially to the north, east, and west. They based
their claims on long possession.
This statement, that the settlement of Texas was begun in 1715,
jytK^cvu/wctn. L, yyieMchy? ^ u ^ ^ ^ u
y\ *<'•> ?• l <y***° * A A
» Lma*'**'*' / 1 y-
l
r KA-Cnl* ^ ^ * ,
» f/vsy y * <x-'*"'
• u./ ( -7<'*/"
.A ' ' .-,/ . X- .y - 1
let ( y a n y , n X(,Xn^ •' ( /
/»". A/vz/Vv^/.'^ .<i'Xy,c:'7(
cy„ ^ y y > ' ~ " " - y r " ^ ? ° '
-*, ';• ; //• ^ •. - >__yt'Cf'^vr-7 r^

SPANISH-MEXICANS 31
is confirmed by a report of Manuel Mufioz in 1794, in which he states:

"The capital of San Antonio de Bexar owed its origen to a garrison of
troops in 1715." This report is in the V. O. King Collection, State
Archives.
Father Steck, who was recently in Texas, and who began the re-
search for volume one of Our Catholic Heritage in Texas, was of the
opinion that missionary activities had been resumed in San Antonio as
early as seventeen fourteen (1714).
The earliest permanent settlements in San Antonio, as can be seen
on maps and land grants, were to the north. The Hernandez and Cara-
bajal famiUes had their first homes on the east bank of the San Pedro
Creek, extending as far as what is now North Flores St., and bounded
north and south by present Travis and Houston Streets, respectively.
Andres Hernandez received a Royal Grant, in July, 1739, of the
tract of land where he had settled, and was Uving, running from the
creek, east, over Camaron St., to about the middle of the block. Then
Francisco Hernandez was granted, in 1741, the adjoining property, east.
The rest of the present block, extending to North Flores St., was
granted to Bemarbe Carabajal in 1738. The northem section of the
block, facing Travis St., of today, was granted to Mateo Carabajal (cor-
responding to the Andres Hernandez grant just south); Nicolas Cara-
bajal, in 1741 (corresponding to the Francisco Hernandez grant); and
Josefa Guerra, in 1740 (corresponding to the Bernabe Carabajal grant
to the south).
South of this block, near the present MiUtary Plaza, between Hous-
ton and Commerce Streets, was a grant to the Urrutia famUy.
The first settlers and the miUtary did not consider it necessary to
have documentary proof of their possessions. They Uved on their lands
in undisputed possession, untU the re-establishment of the missions
from east Texas (1731), when the water question became important, and
untU the founding of the ViUa Capital, San Fernando de Bexar, when
land was cleared, and formaUy granted to the Canary Islanders, as
first settlers and Hidalgos.
These lands grants were recorded in the Bexar Archives, and were
to be seen at the time of this research in the Spanish Archives, Bexar
County.*4
64 B. A., Memorial, etc., 1787, Ms.; translation by Mrs. Hatcher; and Quarterly, VIII,
291-292. Sp. Ar. Bexar, MSS Land plats, and Ms. records, local abstract archives.
CARABAJAL
A Spanish tradition relates that this family is descended from the

king, Don Bermudo II of Leon. One of the primitive settlements of Leon
was called Carvajal. Other places with the name are: Fuentes de C, in
the partido of Valencia de Don Juan, in Leon; C. de los Valientes, four
leagues from the city of Zamora; C. de Rueda, or de Legua, in the par-
tido judicial of Leon; and others in the valley of the Asturias. From the
primitive Une in the province of Leon the branches in CastUe, Extrema-
dura, Andalucia and America trace their origin. There was also a branch
of the same origin in Portugal.
The earliest historic record of this famUy is of Gonzalo Gonzalez de
Carvajal, father of Diego Gonzalez de Carvajal, who settled in Plasencia
in about 1250 A. D. The Seiiores of Tobaruela, Belmez and Jodar are of
this main line. The Counts of Torrej on el Rubio, de la Quinta de la En-
jarada. and the Dukes of Abrantes and of Linares are a second branch.
WhUe the Senores del Puerto, the Counts of CastiUejo, del Puerto y de
Humanes, and the Dukes of San Carlos, are a third branch.
The arms of the Carvajal famUy are a band, gules, on a field of
gold.es
After a career of forty years in the campaigns of Europe, Francisco
de Carvajal proceeded to the New W]orld, where he gained fame as one
of the Conquistadores of Peru. Curiously enough, in these early days,
Pranciseo Hernandez became involved in a conspiracy agamst Gonzalo
Pizarro and Field Marshall Carvajal; while the contentions of the two
famUies in early San Antonio are related in detail in the Bexar Archives.
Francisco de Carvajal died in Peru in 1548. His portrait is to be seen in
the National Library at Lima.
In Mexico we find Luis de Carvajal (Carabajal) pursuing the In-
dians into the country north of Panuco in 1576. Three years later he
was commissioned to conquer and settle this territory. He founded the
city of Leon, now Cerralvo,66 forty mUes from the Rio Grande. He also
founded the villa of San Luis, further south, which in 1596 became
Monterrey. In 1590 he saUied forth from SaltiUo, and founded the vUla
of Almaden, where Monclova now stands, and where he was arrested by
the Inquisition on charges of Judaism. He was thrown into prison in
Mexico, and died there.e?
Had he been spared, he most Ukely would have become govemor of
parts of the territory of present Texas. Bolton (Hist, of the Americas)
says that Guzman Jbarra and Carvajal were conquistadores of only les-
ser fame than Cortes, and that Carvajal is included with such men as
Ibarra, Urdifiola and Onate, the adelantados or great captains of north
Mexico expansion.
65 Carraffa, Enc. Heri. y Gen. XXIV, 268-278.

66 Cerralvo mission founded in 1630; presidio, in 1653; the northern outpost until 1673.
67 Bolton, "The Spanish Occupation of Texas, 1519-1590," in Quarterly, XVI, 11-12.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 33
On the eastem coast of America the Carvajal were also active. Ber-
nardo Nietto de Carvajal and Ignacio Rodriguez Roxo were officers of
the garrison at San Agustin, Florida (1723-1724.) 68
Before leaving the early and prominent Carvajals, let us note that
Antonio Fernandez Carvajal, a Portugese Marano came to England in
the reign of Charles I, and was the first endenizened Jew in England.
He was caUed the founder of the Anglo-Jewish community. By his ex-
tensive trade with the West Indies he rendered considerable services to
the Commonwealth. He was also poUticaUy useful to CromweU. In
1655, when Manasseh ben Israel petitioned for the return of the Jews who
had been expeUed by Edward I, Carvajal took part in the agitation and
boldly avowed his Judaism.^
One Geronimo Carvajal died in Adaes; parents of Joseph Nicolas, b.
1778; Maria Josefa Catalina, b. 1780;
San Antonio at an early date, leav- Joseph Manuel, b. 1782; Ignacio Nico-
las, b. 1783; and Maria Josefa, b. 1785.
ing a widow, Maria Zapopa de 6 Josefa, m. 1759, Manuel de Urrrutia.73
Menchacaa who married again in i n . Joseph Manuel (1), son of Ni-
1722, Francisco Flores de Abrego. colas and Catarina Martinez, m.
I. Mateo Caravajal died in San Maria Josefa Longoria:
Antonio in 1748. His widow, An- 1 Antonia, confirmed in 1759, m. Mar-
cos de Castro.
gela Guerra, died in 1751. Their 2 Joseph, m. 1744, Matiana de Estrada
(Francisco and Maria Josefa Longo-
chUdren were: ria). She m. 2nd, Baltazar Perez. J o -
1 Nicolas, q. s. seph and Matiana had:
i Jose Francisco, confirmed in 1759,
2 Maria Bernarda, m. Francisco P r o u : with Toribio de Urrutia as his
i Jose Manuel, b. 1764, m. Maria Fe- godfather; m. Maria Trinidad de la
lisiana Rodriguez, parents of Jua- P e n a ; parents of:
na, b. 1809. Joseph Miguel, b. 1772;
ii Rafael Florentine, b. 1767 . Maria Gertrudis, b. 1775;
iii Francisco Xavier, b. 1770, m. 1793, Maria Luisa, b. 17779;
Maria Josefa Flores, of La Ba- Jose Antonio Francisco, q. s.;
hia (Agustin and Maria Anto- Jose Ramon, b. 1782, d. of fever,
nia Rosalia) parents of Jose Manuel 1821, aged 46; and
Ursino, b. 1795. Maria de Jesus, m. 1800, Mariano
3 Maria Encarnacion, probably m. Vi- Rodriguez (Francisco Xavier and
cente Leal. Vicenta Travieso).
4 Feliciana, might have m. Jose Mi-
guel de Sosa, in 1722; Cayetano Pe- IV, Jose Antonio (Francisco),
rez, previous to 1724.70
5 Francisco, d. 1722.
voluntered July 26, 1795; 74 m . 1800,
n . Nicolas (1), m. Catarina Mar- Maria Gertrudis, or Trinidad Ma-
tinez: nuela, Sanchez (Joseph Antonio
and Juana de Soto.):
1 Joseph Manuel, q. s. 1 Maria Luisa, b. 1800.
2 Maria Concepcion, m. Domingo Pe- 2 Juan, m. 1820, Maria Solis (Pedro
rez (Joseph and Paula Granados). and Ignacia Rendon).
3 Maria Dolores, probably m. J u a n 3 Jose Lucas Cornelio, b. 1805.
Jose Prou, parents of Anselmo m. 4 Maria Luisa, b. 1807.
Lusiana Rodriguez (Juan Jose and 5 Francisco de Jesus, b. 1809.
Maria Gertrudis Flores) ; who had 6 Juan Jose Geronimo, b. 1811.
Maria Josefa Calistra, b. 1811, 71 7 Jose Miguel, b. 1816.
4 Manuel Nepo. 8 Rita, d. y., 1820.
5 Joseph Nicolas, b. 1746. Entered 9 Jose M. J., q. s.
military service in 1770. A horse fell 10 Jose Luis, q. s.
on him and broke one of his legs, 72. 11 Teodora, m. Luciano Navarro.
He m., 1777, Manuela Mora (Juan and
Maria Candelaria Losoya) of the V. Jose M. J. (9), of whom Yoa-
68 Shepherd, Guide to the Archives of the Indies.
69 Ency. Br.
70 According to the "B. A.," 1772, Christ6bal Carvajal. the deceased soldier of the Adaes,
had three aunts, Antonia, Feliciana and J u a n a de Carvajal.
71 According to the B. A., Maria, wife of Francisco Prou, was the only child of Jose
de Carvajal, and granddaughter of Mateo de Carvajal.
72 " B . A.," 6-30-1779.
73 B. A., 8-12-1772.
74 B. A. "Extract©" August 1795.
kum gives us a biographical 2 Jose Antonio, b. 1832.

3 Maria Ursina Concepci6n (Jesus), b.
sketch: educated by the Rev. 1835; m. Vicente Cantu (Pedro Jesus
Alexander Campbell in West Vir- and Maria de los Santos Gortari):
S. P.
ginia; one of the original 41 fam- 4 Manuel, b. 1842; q. s.
5 Maria Gertrudis de los Santos, b. 1844;
Uies to settle on the Guadalupe m. Robert F . Grier.
grant of his father-in-law; also 6 Vicente Nolasco, b. 1847; living in
Flores ville.
figured in the civil wars of Mexico, 7 Jose Francisco, b. 1851.
8 Jose Luis, q. s.
and to such an extent that he 9 Aurelio, q. s.
was one of those who was to be VI. Manuel (4), b. 1842; m. Elena
arrested and deported from Texas de los Santos Coy (Nicolas and
territory at any price; he and Juan Lucia Cantu):
Zambrano, engaged in the Land 1 Manuel, q. s.
Office of De Leon's Colony. The 2 Arcilia, m. Andres Trevino,
Legislature of Coahuila and Texas, VII. Manuel (1), m. Cora Rodri-
just before its close, April 21, 1835, guez (Nepomuceno and Concep-
granted in Decree to Jose M. J. cion Flores), her paternal grand-
Carbajal, a license to pubUsh in parents being Juan Jose Rodri-
the Spanish and EngUsh lang- guez and Juana Delgado. Her
uages, the laws and decrees of maternal grandfather was Eduar-
the state. Through Colonel Car- do Flores. Manuel and Cora had:
1 Elisa, m. Miguel Flores (Antonio and
vajal, a copy was procured by the Ursula Ximenes):
govemment of Texas, translated i Miguel.
ii Eugenic, residing in Withers St.
by Dr. Kinball, and pubUshed in 2 Margarita, m. Henry H. Callaghan.
of Kentucky, Lt. in U. S. A.: S. P .
both languages in 1839. He was 3 Gilberto.
a delegate from Victoria for the 4 Jose, m. Miss Walker, from Vernon,
Texas.
signing of the Declaration of In- 5 Antonio, living in California.
dependence. His co-delegate from VI. Jose (8), d. August 2, 1872,
Victoria was John J. Linn, who aged 67; m. Lucia de los Santos
was late at arriving at the Con- Coy, sister of Elena, wife of Ma-
sultation, but who was represent- nuel de Carvajal:
1 Albert.
ed by courtesy, by Juan Antonio 2 Elias, d.
PadiUa, of San Antonio, who had 3
4
Luis, d.
Jose
received a colonization grant in 5 Esteban.
1830. Jose M. J. Carvajal m. Re- 6 Jesus.
7 Gaspar, m. Esther Perez: S. P .
fugia de Leon (Martin and Patri- VI. AureUo (9), m. Josefa Perez of
cia de la Garza), and was there- Floresville:
fore the brother-in-law of Placi- 1
2
Aurelio.
Luis, q. s.
do Benavides, who m. Agusta de 3 Atos Antonio, twins.
Leon. Jose M. J. and Refugia had: 4 Ursina.
5 Maria, m. Mr. Martinez.
1 Antonio. 6 Josefa.
2 Jose Maria, both lived in Camargo, 7 Florinda.
Tamaulipas, Mexico. 8 Jesusa.
V. Jose Luis (10), received as a 9 Concepcion.
gift, 1838, from his aunt, Barbara VII. Luis (2), m. 1910 Euvira Be-
Sanchez, lands which she had en- navides (Juan and EmiUa Alegria,
herited in the Hernandez tract on of Laredo).
the Bartolo Creek; m. Maria de I. Christoval de Carvajal, brother
Jesus Flores (Vicente and Ursina of Mateo (1), d. in San Antonio
Carmona): in 1734; his widow Josefa Guerra,
1 Maria Ursina. b. 1830; m. Robert F . d. 1747:
Lackey. 1 Ana, m. 1722 Christoval Valdes.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 35
2 Josefa (probably their daughter), m. 1734 Bernarbe in 1768, deeded cer-

Manuel de Urrutia. tain lands, as a gift, to Joaquin*
3 Juana Antonia, m. Diego Camaeho. Flores .which suggests their rela-
4 ? Bernarbe. a nephew of Mateo Car- tionship. She was the daughter of
vajal, m. Manuela Rosalia Flores Qui- Esmergilda Hernandez, widow of
nones: Francisco Flores.
i Christoval Bemabe, b. March 1. 5 ?Antonia. 75
Martin de Leon was b. in Bur- 4 Guadalupe, b. 1804, m. 1st, Desiderio

gos, Tamaulipas, in 1765. He m. Garcia; and m. 2nd, Cesano de l a
Garza.
1795, Patricia de la Garza, at Soto 5 Felix, b. 1806, m. Salime Leal.
La Marina. In 1805, came to Tex- 6 Agapito, b. 1808.
as and visited San Antonio. Then 7 Maria Jesus. be 1810; m. Rafael
Monchola.
estabUshed a ranch on the Aransas 8 Refugia, b. 1812; m. Jose M. J . Car-
River (1806); after failure to re- vajal.
ceive land fro mGovernor Salcedo, 9 Agusta. b. 1814, m, Placido Benavi-
des. who came to Victoria with his
removed to east bank of the Nue- older brothers as a part of the De
Leon colony, in 1828, first as sec-
ces. In consequence of attacks retary to Fernando de Le6n, the com-
from the Lipan and Comanche missioner, but later, on his m. t o
Agustina de Leon, daughter of the
Indians, who became unusuaUy empresario, as a landed settler; he
aggressive after the beginning of served two terms as alcalde, or chief
governing officer; and after the d.
the revolution, 1810, took refuge of Don Martin de Leon continued t h e
operations necessary to fulfill th e
San Antonio, where he was a zeal- empresario's second contract; he was
ous repubhcan, against the domin- an intrepid fighter in the cause of
Texas; he gathered a company of
ation of Spain . In 1816, returned thirty native Mexican rancheros from
the vicinity of Victoria, superb horse-
with famUy to Burgos, but in 1823 men and stalwart frontiersmen, and
returned to home on Nueces. In assisted materially in the storming of
Bexar in December of 1835. He also
1824 was authorized to settle 41 participated in Dr. Grant's expedition,
families on the Guadalupe; the was with it when General Urrea's
dragoons surrounded it, and a t t h e
capital of his colony he named instance of Dr. Grant and Reuben
Brown, made a dash for reinforce-
Guadalupe Victoria, in honor of ments, escaping the fate that the rest
the President of Mexico. Died of of the group met. After the battle
of San Jacinto he retired to New Or-
cholera, 1833. His chUdren were: leans with the De Leon family and
1 Fernando, b. 1798. d. at Opelouses, La., in 1837. Many
2 Candelaria, zn. Miguel Aldrete. of his descendants still live in south-
3 Silvestre, b. 1802, (under Benavides west Texas.
at storming of Bexar); 10 Francisca, b. 1818, m. V. Doasl. 76.
HERANANDEZ
Andres Hernandez, an heir and representative of the other heirs of
Francisco Hernandez, in legal proceedings agamst Luis Antonio Men-
chaca in 1757, set forth detailed data regarding this interestmg and pro-
fuse family.?7 That very extensive property known as the "San Bartolo-
me," located near the San Juan Capistrano Mission, extending from the
San Antonio River to the Cibolo, and tap from the creek at the place
caUed "las Chamuchinas." had been occupied by the Hernandez with
75 Bernabe had a sister, Antonia, B. A., Deed, 11-2-1778.

76 De Leon family from Brown, Hist, of Texas., I, 120; and Benavides from Ryan, W.
M., "Shamrock and Cactus," 16-17, and 43.
77 Sp. Ar., I l l , 89.
special permission from each of the governors of the province of Texas,

from the time of the founding of the Presidio of San Antonio, to 1737.
The original grant by Governor Carlos Franquis, was dated March 26,
1737. It was ratified by the succeeding governor, May 25, or 26, 1749.
Then came Luis Antonio Menchaca, an intimate friend of the Alcalde,
Manuel Carvajal, with whom he had come to San Antonio from Mexico,
and claimed part of these extensive lands from the Hernandez, for him-
self and his famUy. Andres Hernandez represented that not only had
his kin occupied these lands and cultivated and improved them, but
that they had all served His Majesty, to the number of one hundred and
twelve (which Menchaca seemed to doubt) and that others of his, the
Hernandez famUy, were in actual miUtary service, whUe others stiU,
were ready to serve in any emergency, with arms and horses. In the
face of these facts, however, the pioneers suffered at the hands of newer
poUticians. The court proceedings were carried to the City of Mexico
where the latter, Menchaca, without question, had the advantage. Final-
ly a compromise was agreed to, the Hernandez surrendering part of
their patrimony to the Menchaca.^
I. The Hernandez heirs, or the Francisco Luis, b. 1719, and a
children of Francisco Hernandez daughter Jacinta, m. 1749 Ignacio
by his wife, Ana Garcia, aunt of del Raxo,™ parents of Catarina
Josefa Flores, were: Matiana, b. 1757; Antonio Maria,
1 Andres, q. s.
2 Francisco, q. s.
b. 1758, d. y.; and Joseph Miguel,
3 Diego, q. s. b. 1759.
4 Jacobo, q. s. Francisco Hernandez, (m. Dolores
5 Maria.
6 Hermeregilda. Carabajal), d. aged 82 yrs. and
7 Ana, q. s.
8 Josefa, q. s. was buried in San Antonio, De-
The following Royal Grants to mem- cember 26, 1799.
bers of the Hernandez family are rec-
orded in the Spanish Archives: Antonio Hernandez, who might
Francisco Hernandez:
February, 28, 1737. have been a brother of Miguel, m.
February 3, 1741.
May 6. 1741.
Maria Josefa, an Indian, and they
Andres Hernandez: had: Miguel, b. 1716; his godpar-
July 5, 1739. ents were Miguel Hernandez and
Jacobo Hernandez:
September 14. 1761. his wife, Rosa Maria Minchaca;
July 16, 1762.
Jose Placido Hernandez: Maria; and Andres, who, as a wit-
July 10, 1769.
Manuel Hernandez:
ness in 1726, is said to have come
August 6, 1777. from CoahuUa.
Widow of Bernardo:
June 15, 1782. n . Andres Hernandez (1), son of
Bonifacio Hernandez:
September 10, 1782.
Francisco, m. Juana de Olios from
Luis Hemdndez: CoahuUa:
Feb. 5. 1793. 1 Francisco Joseph, q. s.
Agustin Hernandez: 2 Maria Ignacia, d. y.
November 12, 1805. 3 Joseph Joaquin.
November 28, 1805. 4 Ignacia, m. Miguel de la Garza.
The earUest church record of the 5 Jose Placido, m. Rosalia Montes de
de Oca:
Hernandez famUy is that of Mi- i Maria de los Angeles, b. 1762; m.
guel Hernandez, bom in 1699, and 1791, Jose Damian de Arocha.
ii Maria Marcela Clemencia, b. 1766;
married to Rosa Maria Minchaca. m. Ignacio Peres (Joseph Antonio
and Paula Granado).
They had a son: iii Maria Josefa, b. 1768; m. 1804,
78 B. A.. Hernandez vs. Menchaca, La Bahia, September 1, 1769; and claims of Ger-
trudis Sanches vs. Placido Hernandez, 1794.
79 See Jose Antonio Flores.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 37
Francisco Ruiz. 3 Maria Antonia.

iv Jose Rafael Antonio, b. 1771. 4 Maria Gertrudis, b. 1785.
v Maria de los Angeles, b. 1772. 5 Jose Miguel Ignacio, b. 1788.
vi Maria Polinaria, b. 1775. 6 Jose Daria, b. 1790.
vii J o s ! Antonio, b. 1776. 7 Maria Trinidad, b- 1794.
viii
Maria Antonia, b. 1780; m. 1797, 8 Jose Elias Nepomuceno, b. 1796.
Jose Manuel Casanova (Jose and 9 Maria Candida Alvina, b. 1799.
Juana Gertrudis de le Zerda). i n . Francisco (2)* m. Maria Ger-
ix Maria Josefa Manuela del Car-
men, b. 1783. trudis Toscana (Jose and Trini-
x Manuel Maria, b. 1785.
xi Jose Maria, b, 1788. dad Benites):
xii Jose Luis, b. .1789. 1 Maria Luisa, b. 1808.
xiii Maria Isabel, b. 1791 2 Jose Eugenio Trinidad, b. 1809.
6 Jose Miguel, m. 1764, Maria Luisa 3 Juana Maria Petra, b .1812.
Guerrero (Matias and Maria de Angulo: 4 Jose Antonio, m. 1830, Encarnacion
i Maria Ignacia, b. 1765. Perez (Ambrocio and Maria Gertru-
ii Maria Gertrudis, b. 1767. dis Mireles):
iii Juan Manuel, b. 1768. i Maria Gertrudis, b. 1841.
7 Jose Andres, m. 1774, Antonia An- ii Maria de Jesus, b. 1846.
selma Filar Zepeda (Joseph Ignacio iii Ambrocio, m. 1871, Barbara Guer-
and Maria Antonia Ximenes): rero (Marcos and Trinidad Go-
i Maria Josefa, b. 1775 mez.)
ii Joseph, b. 1776, 5 J u a n Manuel ( ? ) , b. 1815.
iii Joseph Joaquin, b. 1778. 6 Ignacia Francisca. b. 1817.
iv Jose Miguel Carlos, b. 1781. 7 Maria Juana, b. 1818.
v Vicente, b. 1783. 8 Jose de Jesus, q. s.
vi Ana Josefa, b. 1784. IV. Jose de Jesus, (8), m. Carlota
vii Jose Andres, b. 1787.
Perez Casanova (Juan and Maria
viii Jose Felipe, b. 1790; m. Cande-
laria Vidaurre;
a Maria Susana, b. 1811. de Jesus Leal; and granddaugh-
ix Maria Josefa Juana b. 1793.
8 Manuela.
ter, on her father's side, of Ma-
LTI. Francisco (1), son of Andres nuel Perez and Maria Carmen So-
and Juana de OUos, m. 1753, Ma- to; and on her mother's side, of
ria Josefa ViUareal, wid. of Juan Francisco Leal and Francisca Xi-
Paulin Monjaras: menes) ; she d. May 4, 1899, and
1 Francisco Largo, b. 1757, q. s. is buried in the Hernandez ceme-
2 Juan Francisco, confirmed in 1759. tery on the Medina, next to her
IV. Francisco (1), m. Maria Jua- husband:
na de la Garza: 1 Maria Paula Elena, b. 1832; a tomb-
stone in the Hernandez cemetery on
1 Antonio. the Medina, "Paulita Hemdndez, b.
2 Nepomuceno, m. 1821, Maria Luisa Aug. 27, 1836; d. Dec. 22, 1919," m.
de los Santos Coy (Segundo and Te- Simon Rojo Rodriguez, buried next
resa Rosas): to her, d. Apr. 5, 1905.
i Maria Rafaela. 2 Pedro Pasqual, b. 1833, q. s.
ii Maria Susana. 3 Mariana, b. 1841.
iii Josefa Bacilia, b. 1821; m. 1837, 4 Joseph, b. 1843.
Charles Wright, this being the 5 Serapio Inocente, b. 1847.
first marriage recorded in the 6 Locaria Concepcion and
Bexar County archives, during the 7 Guadalupe Manuela, twins, b. 1848-
Republic of Texas.80 8 Angel.
iv Juan Francisco Monico, b. 1823. i Jesus,
v Juan Francisco, b. 1825.
vi Jose de Jesus, m. 1847, Maria de ii Casimiro.
Jesus Vara (Andres and Maria 9 Francisco.
Rodriguez), pfarents of Carmen, 10 Jesus, q. s.
b. 1848; and Maria Luisa Petra,
b. 1849.
V. Pedro Pasqual (2), Uved on the
vii Manuel. west side of South Laredo St.,
viii Juana. next to the comer of El Paso St.;
II. Francisco (2), son of Francis- m. Antonia Salinas:
co, m. 1778, Rafaela de AvUa: 1 Isabel, m. Ben Fisk (James N . and
Simona Smith):
1 Jose Antonio Nepomuceno, b. 1778; i Cordelia, m, Irving F . Goldin-
m. 1804, Maria Trinidad Peres, (Do- her (Dr. Philip Goldner and
mingo and Maris Concepci6n de Car- Lena Schlesinger, of New Jer-
vajal.) sey) ; parents of Irving Ferdin-
2 Francisco, q. a. and, living in St. Louis, Mo.
80 The San Fernando Cathedral archives contain copies of the Catholic marriage records
in the county archives. These civil or county records simply state the names of those mar-
ried, without the names of the parents or grandparents. Witnesses, however, are some-
times registered. See note, Santos Coy.
ii Susie, m. Fred Russi (C. F- ted. This company was the first to
and Mary Enderle). "David and so volunteer and to have its offer ac-
Michael Russi, two brothers, cepted by the President. All of its
both of whom were building con- members but one, went to and through
tractors and stone masons, were the war." Their flag was the first
among the old time citizens of regimental flag to float above Monro
San Antonio. David Russi who Castle. Captain Hernandez' constitu-
came to Texas in 1847 was the tion was ruined by the climate of Cuba.
first contractor to erect structures "He died soon after his return and af-
that were then modern. It was ter attaining the rank of major in
he who built the French Bldg. a t the Texas National Guard and having
the SE cor. of Main PI. To- been the Major General of the Span-
gether with John Fries (who, ish American Veteran organization."
under an appropriation in 1849, 3 Adelina. m. Clay Robb.
restored the Alamo Mission clust- 4 Maria, b. 1871, d. 1934; m. John J .
er, devoting particular attention Lieck:
to the front of the church) he i Eugenia, m. Albert Hood; parents
built the First Presbyterian of Teresa, Albert, Maria and
Church at the NE cor. of Flores Jennette.
and Houston Sts He was 1st. ii Teresa, m. Hubert Blackburn, d.:
Lieut, of S. G. Newton's company S. P . ; she is living in San Diego,
of Pyrons* Confederate cavalry California,
regiment and on Newton's pro- iii Charles J., lawyer, m. Rose
motion to major became its cap- Brophy, of New York; parents
tain. C. F . (Fritz) Russi, street of Charles Joseph, and Eugene
commissioner of San Antonio, is Hubert,
the son of David Russi. The lat- iv John, m. Hortense Thomas: S. P .
ter for over 20 years was an al- v Frank, S. A.
derman and was the first chief
of the old volunteer fire depart- VI. Adolfo Luis (1), d. Nov. 22, 1832,
ment. Mrs. Louisa Friedrich. Mrs.
Clara Feise, and Mrs. Anna Ward
aged 62 yrs. 7 ms. 22 days; member
are his surviving daughters. Mi- of Local MiUtary Exemption Board,
chael Russi. his brother, came
to Texas in 1851. He is survived m. 1st, Tena DumbrieU; m. 2nd,
by his son and namesake Michael,
and his daughter Dora, the wife
CamUe Lodovic (Thomas and Anna
of George Stumberg." Mendola); by the 1st m*.:
2 Antonia, m. Andres Coy. 1 Adolfo Luis, Jr., q. s.
3 Anita, m. Ram6n Rodriguez.
4 Maria de Jesus m. 1876, Charles Op- VII. Adolfo (1), part owner of the
5
perman.
Pedro.
Southem Transfer Co.; m. Olse
6 Martin. Wanneberger: S JP., Uving at 124
7 Jesus Sunset Drive.
V. Jesus (10), b. Jan. 6, 1840; d. VI. Adolfo (1), by his 2nd m.:
Jan. 10, 1918; Uved on Soledad St., 1 Semon.
two blocks north of Houston; in- 2 Camile.
3 Katherine.
terested in wagon transportation; IT. Diego, (3), m. 1729, Juana Jo-
and later, proprietor of San Anto- sefa de Sosa, possibly a sister of
nio Transfer Co., m. Catherine El- Joseph Miguel de Sosa:
mendorff, widow of JuUus Wefing: 1 Bonifacio, m. 1st. Maria Ignacia Pe-
(b. Dec. 28, 1832; d. Nov. 10, 1900). rez, daughter of Jose:
i Ana Francisca, b. 1776.
1 Adolfo Luis, q .s. iiJuan, b. 1777.
2 Eugenio Julius, b. Aug. 7, 1873; d. iii
J u a n Francisco and,
March 7. 1904; first captain of the ivJ u a n Antonio, twins, b. 1779.
San Antonio Zouaves, a volunteer mili- vMaria and,
tary organization formed in San An- vi
Joseph, twins, b. 1782; their god-
tonio, July 4, 1896, with Edward Stapp parents were Francisco and Jo-
first and Gabe Gazell second lieut- sefa Perez.
enants. " I t was in line in the Flower vii Jose Miguel, b . 1784.
Battle fete parade on April 21, 1898, 2 Ana Luisa.
the anniversary of San Jacinto battle 3 Brigida. m. Agustin Camacho or An-
and the day on which President Mc- gulo, (Diego and Antonia de Carvajal).
inley issued his proclamation declaring 4 Joseph Agustin. m. Ana Rosa Soto (al-
war by the United States against Spain. so called Padr6n, or del Toro):
The Zouaves happened to be briefly i J u a n Jose, b. 1770; m. 1793, Ma-
halted before the telegraph office nuela Losoya (Francisco and Ca-
when a bulletin was posted there an- talina Posos) ; parents of Jos£,
nouncing the war declaration. Un- b. 1796, and Elogia. m. Guada-
animously the company voted to lupe Lasarin.
volunteer for service and instructed its ii Francisco Xavier, m. Maria Sa-
captain a t once to tender the Pres- lome de Orosco, (Damian and
ident its military services which was Francisca Flores) ; parents of Ma-
done forthwith and the tender accept- ria Roberta, b. 1816, and Maria
SPANISH-MEXICANS 39
Antonia, b. 1817. Company of Cavalry, Oct. 15,

iii Maria Antonia Josefa, b. 1772; m. 1775, after service as Sgt. in the
1st. Jose Antonio Barron; and m. Spanish regiment of dragoons.
2nd, 1800, Jose Remigio Lopez, Joaquin Orandain m. Josefa
(Manuel and Juana de Avila, Leal; their son Joseph Andres, b .
from La Bahia) ; and m. 3rd, 1760. One Pedro Jose de Alcan-
1819, Antonio Casillas. t a r Orandain m. Ana Petra Ro-
iv Jose Lucio (whose mother was salia Ramos, their son Francisco
called "Padron"), b. 1782. Antonio, m. 1791, Maria Vicenta
v Jose Manuel, b. 1784. del Rio (Jose Matias and An-
5 Antonia Gertrudis, b .1754, and prob- tonia Paula Sierra). One Joa-
ably the Gertrudis Sanchez, who filed quin de Orandain m. Micaela Ro-
suit for her interests in the Francisco mero; they had Maria del Re-
Hernandez estate. 81 fugio, b. 1771, and Barbara J o -
II. Jacobo (4), son of Francisco, sefa, b. 1772, whose godmother
was Eugenia Romero. This Joa-
in an application for a grant of quin de Orandain was buried
land, 1761, stated that his father March 20, 1798, aged 60. One
Francisco Orandain, the tailor,
was one of the first founders of was b. in San Antonio in 1769.
the place. At the time he request- 4 Juan, b. 1751; probably the Juan who
m. Ildefonsa de Avila:
ed land for his daughter, whose i Santiago, m. 1829, Maria Ale-
husband had returned from his jandra Peres (Manuel and Te-
resa Curbelo).
company. Between them they had ii Maria Andrea, m. 1830, Jose An-
tonio Sanchez (Jose Maria and
but their one dwelUng, on the Clemencia de la Garza), from Rio
west side of the San Pedro Creek, Grande.
5 Prudencia.
just south of the lot owned by 6 Cayetano.82.
Marcos Menchaca. He also re-
quested legal possession of this n . Ana (7), daughter of Francis-
property. He m. Juana Justa co Hernandez, was the mother of
Guerrero: Rosalia Guerrero,
Garcia Leal, her godmother: n . Josefa (8), daughter of Fran-
1 Maria Zapopa, b. 1743. cisco Hernandez, was probably the
2 Maria Magdalena, b. 1746.
3 Santiago de Ios Reyes, b. 1749; m. Ma-
Josefa Hernandez, b. 1720, who m.
ria Ignacia Orandain (Joaquin and a Flores, and who had a son,
Josefa Leal), confirmed in 1759, with
Gracia Leal, godmother:
Joseph, b. 1771.S3
i Francisco Xavier, b. 1778.
ii Maria Dolores Juana Gertrudis,
I. Francisco Hernandez, after the
b. 1780. death of his 1st wife, Ana Garcia,
The Orandain family were re- m. 2nd, Mariana Longorla:
presented by Joaquin Orandain,
from SaltiUo, who, in 1772, was 1 Maria Josefa, b. 1721, m. Joaquin de
a Lieut, in the army. When he Urrutia (Joseph and Rosa Flores y
retired, Don Bernardo Fernandez Valdes.)
was appointed 2nd Lieut, of the 2 Brigida, b. 1724.
November 2 1748, deed in B. A., Retired Alferez Bernardo de Carvajal sold a 50 v.

square from the original grant on the east bank of the San Pedro, to Captain Thoribio de
Urrutia. There was a 16-v. stone house, and many trees planted on the property. The
northern boundary was the property of Bernardo's sbter. Antonia de Carvajal; the S, street
which separated the lot from the house of Francisco de Estrada; the W, th« property of the
heirs of Bernardo's uncle, Mateo de Carvajal; and the E, street called "Calle de Norte.
In 1770 the Carvajal and Hernandez entered into a boundary! dispute, and their claims
were eventually brought before Governor Ripperda. Francisco Prou, the Alferez, claimed
in behalf of his wife, Maria de Cfcrvajal. descendant of Matheo and Joseph de Carvajal, t h a t
their solar of 60 v. front and 80 v. depth, was certainly theirs, as its first settlers and prop-
rietors were the Carvajales, and as they had been officially granted the land in question
September 9, 1738. The land besides, had been improved by the Carvajales, as they built a
Rl "B A " 3-15-1794.

82* There are contradictory records regarding the parentage of this branch of the Her-
nandez' family, and it has been impossible from available records, to clearly establish their
filiations. Cayetano m. Tomasa Peres, and they had a son Diego, b. 1780. J u a n Francisco
Hernandez, might have been the son of Jose, and Maria Flores; or of Jose Cayetano Her-
nandez and Maria Ignacia Orandain. Jose Cayetano Herndndez, b. 1764, was said to be
the son of Bernardo and Francisca Martinez. Jose Francisco m., 1803, Polonia Ohvas (An-
tonio and Josefa Banos; or, Manuel and Anastacia Madujano. They h a d : Manuel Nepomu-
ceno. b. 1807; Jose Candido. b. 1808; and Maria Gertrudis, b. 1820.
83 "B. G/'
house on it, and resided there in unbroken succession. Prou claimed that a piece of this land-
had been unjustly taken from the Carvajales and given to Andres Hernandez, and another
piece to his brother Francisco Hernandez (who, however, had sold it to Joseph Carvajal), and
that, Andres Hernandez had given his grant to his niece, Josefa, daughter of Francisco, and
a part to Joseph de Carvajal.
Manuel de Urrutia, the son of Sargeant Joaquin de Urrutia and Josepha Hernandez,
now claimed in behalf of his wife, that Francisco Hernandez had received a grant of 50 v.
square, February 4, 1741, and that now, they discovered that it only measured 42 v. front,
measured from the house to the street called "de las Flores" looking south, to the boundary
on the north, the solar of Nicolas Carvajal. Not finding more than 40 v. from the eastern
boundary, the solar of Bernabe Carvajal, to the corner of the west of said stone house of
Nicolas Carvajal, the house of Dona Josepha Hernandez not being more than three quarters
distance from this, it was recognized that the property in question was situated within the
50 v. square, though it was not in full measurement to the boundary with the solar of An-
dres Hernandez, now possessed by the said Dona Josepha Hernandez, whose house was just
above it. The solar of the deceased Joseph de Carvajal was described as being bounded S,
"Calle de las Flores," on which the house fronted; E. solar of Bernabe Carvajal; N, Nicolas
Carvajal; and W, Andres Hernandez. Joseph Manuel de Urrutia in his testimony gave the
following boundaries for the solar of the heirs of Matheo Carvajal: W, San Pedro Creek,
with street between; N, solar of Pedro Ocon y Trillo, with street between; E, solar of Ni-
colas Carvajal; and S, solar of Josepha Hernandez. He added that the solar of Nicolas
Carvajal was bounded on the E ,by Christobal Chirino; N, Santiago Romero, street between;
W, first solar given him by said heirs; and S, solar in litigation, which in turn wasl bound-
ed N, aforesaid Nicolas Carvajal; W, Josepha Hernandez; S, lands which it was believed
belonged to the widow of the Captain, with Flores St. between; and E, solar of Juan Joseph
Montes. The governor's decision, based on the "pacific possession of the Carvajales for many
years, and that without contradiction," was in favor of the Carvajales. Maria de Carvajal
was given possession of a lot 60 v. N, and S, and 30 v. E, and W, bounded N, Nicolas Car-
vajal ; S, Calle de las Flores; E, Juan Joseph Montes; and Josefa Hernandez.
"Camaron" St., running along the creek, N, of the plazas, was so called because of the
abundance of crawfish in the creek, "camaro" or "camaron", meaning crawfish. Present
Travis St., parallel to and N, of Houston St., was called "Carretas" St. as early as 1741. It
was here that the carts passed with their vegetables and fruits from the Upper Labores.
These lands north of San Antonio, between the river and the creek, were distributed to some
26 individuals; on July 13, 1776, there was a partition of water rights for some 20 odd. suer-
t e s ; by April 22, 1778. 25 suertes of the 52 were given into formal possession.—"B. A." 7-
23-1781; 7-24-1791, "Diligencias," No. 50; and "Sp. Ar.," II, 288; III, 323-335. Main Avenue
or "Acequia" St. was also called "Calle de las Carretas", at an early date, for the same rea-
son, according to Thad Smith. As the earliest mills and factories had been erected in this
section of the settlement, Carretas St. became known as "Obraje" St., from "obrar," to
work. The Ocon y Trillo were among the prominent proprietors there; they owned a sugar
mill, and the street immediately in their vicinity was called "Ocon y Trillo" St. In 1778
the Luis Mariano and Felix Menchaca sugar mills were also in this vicinity. There were
as well, brick, adobe and lime kilns. The next street north was "Nogales," so called be-
cause of the abundance of nut trees there, "nogal" meaning walnut-tree; though according
to tradition, it likely that there were more pecan-trees than walnut-trees. This is Salinas
St. of today.
The block fronting S, on Houston St., running N, between Camaron and North Flores
Sts., was divided into the following g r a n t s : the SW cor., to the widow of Bernardo Leal,
1775; Joaquin Leal, 1788; the NW cor., Veraldo Soto, 1794 ("Sp. Ar.," II. 2G9) ; the SE
cor., Francisco Mesa (I, 213) and Maria Antonia Mesa (III, 235) ; the middle of the block,
on Flores St., Francisco Flores de Abrego, 1775, and S. Hernandez. 1808; the NE cor., to the
heirs of Bartolo Seguin, and to Gavino Valdez, 1795 (J-l, 80, 144, 145).
A T the Junta of War and Hacienda of August 22, 1715, where all the
data conceming French and Spansih attempts at settlement in
Texas were laid before the viceroy, it was decided that an expedition
should be organized under Ltomingo Ram__n, the son of Captain Diego
Ramon, so important in these parts; and this in spite of the stringent
condition of the Royal Treasury.
On February 17, 1716, at the ViUa of SaltiUo, in the jurisdiction of
Nueva Viscaya, Captain Domingo Ramon, under orders from the Duke
of Linares, began the journey to the Province of Texas. "The College
of Zacatecas, which had been founded at the beginning of the century,
sent out with Ramon eight representatives. Their number was strength-
ened by the addition of five missionaries from Queretaro."84
84 "Quarterly," VIII, 283.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 41
An escort of six soldiers was left behind for the friars, who were to
come later. By the 3rd of March the padres overtook the company at
the Puente de Macatas, where the Alferez Pedro de los Santos had join-
ed them with the horses from the post of Ycamole. On April 27, the
entire party were present, and began the final joumey. It is interest-
ing to note that Joseph Galindo accompanied by the Sargeant, went
over to the presidio where he married, on the 21st, a young girl accom-
panying her parents on the expedition, Ana Maria Ximenes de Valdez.
There were 65 of them in all: 25 soldiers, the Alferez Maldonado
with his family, and Pedro BoteUo and his famUy; Sargeant Lorenzo
Garcia and five other men; seven women and a single girl engaged to
be married; a boy of six, and a girl of four; Captain Don Luis de San
Denis, cabo comboyador, Don Juan de Medar (Jalot), and Pedro Largen
(these three of the French nation); thirteen mule drivers; one negro,
Juan de la Concepcion; two Indian guides; and three Indians for the
goats.
The foUowing are the 65 persons who accompanied Domingo Ra-
mon on the Expedition to the Missions of the Interior Presidios, as Ust-
ed in Captain Ramon's diary of the expedition:
Our Very Rev. Father, Fray Ysidoro Felis de Espinosa, President.
Fray Fran. Hidalgo.
Fray Mathias Sanches (Saez or Sans) de San Antonio.
Fray Benito Sanchez.
Fray Mani Castellanos.
Fray Pedro de Mendoza.
Fray Gabriel Vergara.
Fray Gabriel Cubillos, a lay-brother.
Fray Domingo, a lay-brother.
The reason that the Very Rev. Father, Pray Antonio MargU de Je-
sus did not start at this time was because he was sick. To the great
sorrow and distress of everybody the said father was left at the pre-
sidio (San Juan Bautista) and we were left to grieve over our mis-
fortune.
I, Captain Domingo Ram6n.

Alferez Diego Ramon (his son.)
Sargeant Domingo Ram6n.
Don Antonio de Espronzeda.
Fran, de Revillar.
Jph. Guerra (Garcia).
Domingo Ximenes.
Juan de Sertucha.
Nicolas de los Santos Coy.
Juan Valdes.
Diego Valdes Ximenes.
Jph. Galindo.
Antonio Flores.
Bernardo Pruto (Brito).
Domingo Flores .
Agustin Telles.
Marcial Saucedo.
Jph. Guerra (Garcia), J r .
Lazaro Quirino (Chirino).
Antonio Cadena.
Joseph Cadena.
Lorenzo Mercado.
Juan de Castro.
Mani. Maldonado.
Fran. Betancour.
Domingo Gonzales.
These are aU the soldiers of the company. In addition to these the

foUowing persons accompanied me:
Alferez Maldonado, with his family.
Sargeant Lorenzo Garcia.
Pedro Botello and his family.
Jacinto Charle.
Jose del Toro.
Jph. de la Fuente.
Alejandro Morales.
Lucas de Castro.
Ma Anta. Longoria.
Antonia de la Zerda.
Antonia Valdez.
Ana Maria Ximenes de Valdes.
Maria Anta. Ximenes.
Juana de San Miguel.
Josefa Sanchez.
Ana Guerra.
A boy of 6.
A girl of 4.
Captain Don Luis de San Denis, cabo comboyador.
Don J u a n Medar.
Don Pedro Largen, the last three of the French nation.
Mule drivers:
Joseph Garcia.
Jose de Montemayor.
Antonio Gonzales.
Sebastian Guerra (Garcia).
Valentin Mendoza.
Bias Ximenes.
Joseph Saez.
Juan Rodriguez.
Juan Peres.
Juan Diego.
Migl. Flores,
Cayetano Peres.
Fran, de la Cruz.
Juan de la Concepcion, a negro.
Two Indian guides and three Indians with the goats.
"As to Urrutia, St. Denis had faithfuUy conveyed the message of
the Texas and informed Spanish officials that they wanted Father
Hidalgo and Captain Urrutia to be sent to them. The Fiscal in his re-
commendations of August 15, 1715, advised that Urrutia be sent along
with the missionaries. But when the expedition set out Urrutia was
not among its members, nor Father OUvares, who was also supposed to
go. On February 26, 1716, Father MargU wrote an interesting letter to
the viceroy from Boca de Leones in Nuevo Leon. After thanking him
for having asked the friars from the College of Zacatecas to take part
in the expedition and assuring him that the Padres would aU work to-
gether for a single purpose, 'the salvation of souls,' he says: 'The rea-
son for troubling Your ExceUency with the present (letter) is that all
those who, because of their experience, consider without passion this
entrada, realize how much Captain Joseph Urrutia wiU be missed. Hav-
ing been reared with the Tejas, and knowing their language, they love
him as if he were their father It is necessary, in the opinion of
many, that Your Excellency be pleased to order said Captain to enter
on this occasion, giving him some title, such as Sergeant Major, or Pro-
tector, without this affecting in any way Captain Domingo Ramon
He wUl be a great help to him for many reasons The French, who
have the Indians very much on their side, resenting the loss of their
trade, can do us a bad tum, without showing their face, merely by in-
stigating the Indians— But if Urrutia goes, nothing can be done or
planned either by the French or the Indians which the Tejas will not
SPANISH-MEXICANS 43
communicate to him. If the French, because of their following, can

raise a thousand (men), Urrutia can raise ten thousand.* The viceroy
transmitted this letter to the Fiscal for his opinion, who promptly re-
turned it to His ExceUency on AprU 23, with a strong recommendation
that orders be issued to Urrutia to go with Ramon.
"The viceroy now tumed both the original letter of Father MargU
and the recommendation of the Fiscal to Francisco BarbadUlo, Alcalde
of the Real Camara del Crimen, who had recently been entrusted with
the pacification of the Indians in Nuevo Leon. On May 19, he replied
that Urrutia had been appointed protector of the Indians in Nuevo
Leon in view of his great experience in dealing with them; that the
work of pacification having just been started, to reheve him from this
post in order to aUow him to go to Texas would be highly detrimental;
and that at the present time there was no other man who could take
his place. Considering aU these facts, the viceroy, on May 25, decided
it was better to keep Urrutia in Nuevo Leon than to send him to Texas."
In his letter of February 26, 1716 (Prov. Int., Vol 181, 46-49) to the vice-
roy, Father Margil "also declares that Joseph Ramon, brother of Capt.
Domingo Ramon, before two brothers-in-law and his own mother, told
him that it was essential that Captain Urrutia should accompany the
expedition."
Castaneda states in Our Catholic Heritage in Texas, I, 62, note, cit-
ing letter of Father Diez to the Viceroy, Feb. 10, 1717, Prov. Int., Vol. 181,
p. 220, "Father OUvarez did not go ,because he asked his superior to ex-
cuse him on account of his age and infirmities. There is no founda-
tion for the story that he refused to go because of animosity against
Father Espinosa and the machinations of St. Danis."
"Ramon left only 25 soldiers in Texas, but was of the opinion that
at least 25 more were needed," and made this recommendation. In his
report from the Presidio of Nuestra Senora de los Dolores, Province of
Texas, July 22, 1716, he stated that he had to assign six men in addi-
tion to the twenty-five he brought, and these he paid and kept up at
own expense, so that they might bring the small contribution of goats
and supplies to this provinco. He also contributed by supplying seven
women ,as well as a boy and a girl, with food, riding animals and mules
for carrying their supplies for the trip to the province. It is possible
that these additional members, included the Monterey famiUes men-
tioned by Leonardo de la Garza in his Notes, and by Rodriguez in his
Memoirs; the De La Garza, Martinez and Cantu famUies.
This is what Espinosa says in his diary of 1716:
"May 14—Thursday. We set out from the aforesaid river (Medina)
in the direction of east-northeast through hills and dales aU covered
with very green gramagrass. Some flint stones were found all along
the way to the Arroyo de Leon, which is three leagues distant from the
river. In this stream there are pools of water. From thence by north-
east we entered the plain at the San Antonio River. At the end of the
plain there is a smaU forest of sparse mesquites, and some oaks. To it
succeeds the water of the San Pedro; sufficient for a mission. Along
the bank of the latter, which has a thicket of all kinds of wood, and
by an open path we arrived at the River San Antonio. This river is

very desirable (for settlement) and favorable for its pleasantness, loca-
tion, abundance of water, and multitude of fish. It is surrounded by
very taU nopals, poplars, elms, grapevines, black mulberry trees, laurels,
strawberry vines and genuine fan-palms. There is a great deal of flax
and wUd hemp, an abundance of maiden-hair fem and many medicinal
herbs. Merely in that part of the density of its grove which we penerat-
ed, seven streams of water meet. Those, together with others conceal-
ed by the brushwood, form at a Uttle distance its copious waters, which
are clear, crystal and sweet. In these are found catfish, sea fish,
piltonte, catdn and aUigators. Undoubtedly there are also various other
kinds of fish that are most savory. This place meUowed the dismal re-
membrance of the preceding one. Its luxuriance is enticing for the
founding of missions and vUlages, for both its plains and its waters en-
courage settlement. We traveled this day seven leagues."
Captain Ramon says:
"14. On this day I marched to the northeast seven leagues through
mesquite brush with plenty of pasturage. Crossing two dry creeks we
reached a water spring on level land, which we named San Pedro. There
was sufficient water here for a city of one-quarter league, and the
scenery along the San Antonio River is very beautiful, for there are
pecan trees, grape vines, wUlows, elms and other timbers. We crossed
said stream; the water, which was not very deep, reached to our stir-
rups. We went up the river looking for a camping place and we found a
very fine location. There were beautiful shade trees and good pasturage,
as we explored the head of the river. Here we found, in the estimate of
twelve ultra-marines, hemp nine feet high and flax two feet high. Fish
was caught in abundance for everyone, and nets were used in the river
with faculty.
"15. This day was spent at this place because it was very desirable
to rest the horses and to celebrate the feast of San Isidro.**
In his Declaration of 1717, Saint-Denis observed "that if the San
Antonio River should be occupied with 500 veterans and the Bay of
Espiritu Santo with 100, the dominion of the King our Lord wUl rest
secured and many should be converted to the faith, because, from the
bay, it wUl be possible to control the Tejas, the San Antonio River, and
the Rio del Norte.'*
Ramon, in his report to the viceroy, July 22, 1716, Presidio of O. L.
of Dolores, enclosing the diary, states that his hopes were reaUzed on
the 30th day of June, last (1716), for this was the day on which he set
up his camp at a short distance from the first mission founded, with
the name of San Francisco. (It was re-established about 4 leagues to
the east of its origmal location.) He postponed the estabUshment of
the presidio (Our Lady of the Dolores) until he could find a suitable
location and in order that he might proceed at once to the location of
the missions in accordance with instructions. This work, he says, he
did eight days thereafter, establishing first, the mission above named;
second, that of Purisima Concepci__n,; third, Nuestra Seriora de Gua-
dalupe; where our very reverend Father, Fr. Antonio Margil de Jesus
SPANISH-MEXICANS 45
served; fourth, San Joseph, and from the first of these to the last was
a distance of 18 leagues; and last, the mission located 23 leagues farther
to the east than the first location made by General Alonzo de Leon in
this province in the year 1690. Ramon also reported that he gave the
missionaries real and personal possession of these four missions in the
name of His Majesty, and as captain-general of all of these, he ap-
pointed an Indian whom the mass of the Indians had elected; and, in
the name of H. M., approved the election. He also approved the elec-
tion of a governor in each pueblo as weU as alcaldes, leaving the selec-
tion of a fiscal at each of the missions to the priests. In a short time
the Indians had built very large huts as Uving quarters for the priests,
and they were constructing churches. This was a work of but a Uttle
while due to the great variety of timber in this province, and the in-
dustry and skiU of the Indians . The work was greatly advanced be-
cause of the pleasure and satisfaction with which the Indians received
the Spaniards, for the four missions were composed of 4,000 or 5,000 of
both sexes, aU speaking the same language. They were all pleasant,,
happy and good natured.
Having learned the way in which these missions were maintained
and how the conversions were continuing to grow and that a great
number of different unconverted nations Uving in the surrounding re-
gion who were friends of the Texas Indians had been attracted to the
Holy mother church and to the rule of the Spanish king and ruler,
Ramon found it necessary to add twenty-five men to the company al-
ready in the province. Those of both categories were to have a salary
of 450 pesos per year ,owing to the remoteness of the place, and the ex-
cessive cost of transportation for provisions and other necessary sup-
pUes. The freight on one pound of flour alone, was one real and a quar-
tUla from SaltiUo.
Because of the limited number of soldiers, they were unable to go
out and explore the country and surrounding nations, since it was ab-
solutely necessary to station eight of them in the missions to guard
and protect the horses and the presidio; whUe some were sure to be
sick. One of the soldiers had already died, and Ramon himself was
suffering from an Ulness. To the north were enemies of the Texas In-
dians (Apaches, Jumanes, Chunipanes, Chanas, and many others); it
was impossible to hold the post, much less extend the conquest with so
small a number as twenty-five soldiers. Ramon adds that the women
and children were an important part of the expedition, for the Indians
seeing them, decided that the Spaniards had come to stay. Indeed, the
Ramon Expedition of 1716, was the beginning of the activities for the
permanent settlement of the Province of Texas.ss
85 Bolton, "De Mezieres"; Laut, Agnes C , "Cadillac," Indianapolis, 1931; Garrison,
"Texas: A Contest of Civilizations"; Clark, "Louis Juchereau de Saint-Denis and the Re-
establishment of the Tejas Missions, in "Quarterly, V I ; Shelby, "Saint-Denis' Declaration
concerning Texas in 1717," in "Quarterly," XXVI; Chabot. "Indian Excerpts." Stoddart,
"Sketches;" Martin's Louisiana; Monnette, "Hist." N. Y. 1846.
Saint-Denis. Report, August 15, 1715, "Historia," XXVII, Part I, p. 123, Univ. of Tex.
transcripts; Ramon, Diary, "Journal of the Expedition to the Missions of the Interior Pre-
sidios" "Historia," XXVII, Part II, 135-159; translation by Mrs. Mattie Austin Hatcher,
transcripts and translation, Univ. of Tex.; "Captain Don Domingo Ramon's Dairy of His
Expedition into Texas in 1716," in "Preliminary Studies," II, v ; and "Ramon Expedition:
Espinosa's Diary of 1716/ in "Preliminary Studies," I, iv.
RAMON
Captain Diego Ramon was appointed governor ad interim of Coa-

huila, replacing Alonso de Leon, who died shortly before March 25, 1691,
apparently at Monclova. He was ordered by the viceroy, on Nov. 25,
1692, "to make a report of the latest news from the Tejas and to sug-
gest the best means of communicating with them. Diego Ramon re-
plied on Jan. 11, 1693. The most recent news from Texas had been
brought by two Indians who had come to Coahuila in the previous Oct-
ober. According to them, the missionaries were in good health but in
dire need of supplies. Their provisions had been exhausted and most of
their cattle had died, the crops had been a faUure, and they were daily
expecting relief to be sent from Mexico. Diego Ramon then suggested
that a party of twenty men from Monclova could take the missionaries
the desired supplies, since the road was now weU known." Diego Ramon
was succeeded in office by Domingo Teran de los Rios, the first governor
of Texas; Don Gregorio de Salinas Varona, El Capittdn de Cauallos Co-
razas, replacing Ramon, as Govemor of Coahuila, who therefore had to
carry out new orders for the relief of the East Texas missions. Diego
Ramon was appointed captain of the flying squadron at San Juan Bau-
tista, created by the viceroy, March 28, 1701. His expedition of 1707, from
San Juan Bautista to central Texas has already been noted.se
I. Diego Ramon: "Gambling was rampant, the sol-
1 Domingo Ramdn, q. s.
2 Diego, Alferez at San J u a n Bautis- diers were in rags, their a n
ta, q. s. were unfit for service, and there
3 N. N., m. Don Juan Valdez, Lt-Gen.
and Alcalde Mayor of the Presidio and was Uttle or no discipline. Capt.
Villa de Bexar.
4 Joseph, Alferez at La Bahia, q. s. Jose Domingo Ramon had been as
5 Andres, q. s. careless as his son Diego, the gov-
II. Domingo or Jose Domingo. emor surmised, because of the
(1) Captain, and head of the Ex- state of affairs he found could not
pedition of 1716; Captain of the have developed in the three
Presidio of Nuestra Sefiora de Lo- months since the death of Do-
reto. at La Bahia; he was wound- mingo— The stockade built at
ed by the Indians there, Decem- the time of the establishment of
ber 16, 1723 ,and d. 8 days later. the presidio was almost gone. The
(See Castaneda, Our Cotholic logs had rotted in some instances,
Heritage, 11, 181-183): but more frequently they had
1 Diego, q. s.
been deUberately pulled out and
HI. Diego (1) the Alferez of the used for kindling and firewood by
Expedition of 1716; acting captain the soldiers themselves. It was
of the presidio at La Bahia, after evident that the officers in com-
the death of his father; Governor mand had made no protest against
Almazan made a personal inspec- this unpardonable abuse. He re-
tion of the presidio, finding con- commended that the fortification
ditions as bad as anticipated:
86 Bolton, "Guide," 422-423, 478; Ramon to the Viceroy, Jan. 11, 1693, "A. G. I . / '
Guadalajara. __7-4-ll. and Viceroy's decree, Feb. 16, 1693, in "Ibid.," pp. 6-8, in Castaneda,
"Our Cath. Heritage," I, 372.
•
SPANISH-MEXICANS 47
should be rebuilt in its entirety as lieutenant, and Ascencio del

out of brick, as wood did not last Rasso, alferez of the new company,
in this locaUty on account of the at the suggestion of Fray Mariano
humidity of the sea breeze, and de los Dolores . But at this time
stone was too far away to bring it the governor, Don Pedro del
for that purpose. As to the men, Varrio, happened to be in San An-
he found some were supremely tonio, and resented this action on
happy because of the absolute the part of the commander, and
lack of discipUne and employ- protested to the viceroy, Septem-
ment; while others were disgusted ber 11, 1749, favoring the appoint-
with theu- idleness and the inef- ment of Don Juan Galvan, who
ficiency and the langour of mar- had had much experience with
tial spirit of the commander. He thirty-three years of continual
sent to the viceroy, together with service. Governor Barrio describ-
his report of the inspection, a ed the undesirable qualifications
petition drawn up by a number of of Diego Ramon and Ascencio del
the soldiers, asking H. E. to re- Rasso in no uncertain terms. These
move Diego Ramon from com- data are to be found in the "Yn-
mand and place a more capable forme que hizo Don Pedro del Va-
man in his place," (Almazan to rrio Govr. el aho de 1749," in the
the Viceroy, May 1, 1724, Prov. Int., Archivo de Santa Cruz de Quere-
Vol. 181 ,in Castaneda, Our Cath- taro (Dunn Transcripts, 1716-
olic Heritage, II, 179-181). Diego 1749).
Ramon was removed from com- Diego Ramon received a Royal
mand; and Ignacio de la Garza Grant in San Antonio, January 17,
was temporarily suspended, as act- 1746, bounded W, creek; S. land of
ing Ueutenant. The viceroy de- Juan Delgado; N, Juan Cortmas.
cided to appoint Colonel Olors, as He m. 1st, Gertrudis Flores; by
Captain of the presidio to replace whom:
Diego Ramon, but as he had died, 1 Maria Luisa Caietana, probably the
wife of Agustin de Ios Santos Coy; d.
the viceroy soon afterwards ap- 1793.
pointed Don Juan Antonio de Bus- 2 Francisco Xavier, b. 1746; d. y.
3 Antonia, m. 1768, Mariano Gdmez, (son
tiUos y CebaUos to the command, of Leonardo Mariano, who probably
m. 2nd, Rita Vargas; they had Jose
who was already at La Bahia, by Maria, who m. Josefa Esparza, dau.
the spring of 1725 (Cstaneda, op. of Juan and Petra Rivas, parents
of Jose Manuel, b. 1819). There was
cit., II, 184). Diego Ramon retum- another family of Gomez in San An-
ed to San Juan Bautista. On tonio: Francisco Antonio, from Saltillo,
son of Nicolas and Tomasa Ruis, m.
August 18, 1748, he came to San 1773, Merenciana Villareal, dau. of
Francisco and Maria Guadalupe Ze-
Antonio with the sixteen soldiers peda, who came to San Antonio from
for the San Xavier missions. In- the Adaes in 1772; they had: Felipe,
b. 1774; Josefa Mauricia, b. 1776;
structions were issued, during the Jose, b. 1778; Maria Gertrudis; and
residence of the govemor at the Joseph Manuel, b. 1779. See Luis Mal-
donado. One Jose Bernardo Gomez m,
Adaes, for the commander of the Maria Josefa Saucedo; their son, J u a n
Jose, b. 1766; and volunteered for
presidio at San Antonio to appoint military service, August 3 ,1795.87
the commander for the new pre- Antonia Ramon and Mariano G6mez
had:
sidio on the San Xavier. In con- i Joseph, b. 1762, probably m.
sequence, Captain Don Thorivio de Santa Mireles. (Jose and Maria
Amador), by whom: Jose Theo-
Urrutia appointed Diego Ramon docio, b. 1815.
87 " B . A., Extracto", August, 1796.

ii Pablo Luciano, b. 1773.

iii Juan Jose, b. 1774; m. 1st, Ma-
toches." In his Declaration, June
rie Refugia Salinas; and m, 2nd, 22, 1715, he stated that it had been
Juana Casillas (Felipe and Ro- ten years since he traveled over
salia Leon).
iv Juana Gertrudis, b. 1775. the route from Mobile to the Rio
v Maria Margarita, b. 1777.
Grande, so we must conclude he
Diego Ramon, son of Captain was active in Texas, and crossed
Domingo Ramon, m. 2nd, (1747), it, as early as 1705.88 in a letter
after the death of his first wife, (probably written by the governor)
Gertrudis Flores (1745), Teresa Xi- addressed to him, from the pre-
menes (Joseph and Maria Flores sidio at San Antonio, March 10,
Valdes), wid. of Marcos Rodri- 1736, it is stated that he and those
guez: who Uved in his jurisdiction, knew
4 Juan, b. 1750.
5 Mariana Luisa, b. 1754; m. 1st, 1776,
Matias Guerrero; m. 2nd, 1791, Joseph
about the remains of the seven-
Manuel Lopez, son of Pedro. teenth century expeditions; that
6 Jose Marcelina, m. 1801, Antonia Ca- one of the yokes existed at the
marillo, an Indian, daughter of Ber-
nardo and Juana Santiago. Pres. of the Adaes, whUe another
II. Diego (2) son of Diego; Al- was at the mission on the San An-
ferez at San Juan Bautista; for tonio River, where it was brought
services rendered and in consider- by Father Vergara from the coun-
ation of the payment of 1,000 pe- try of the Asinais; and one prenda
sos, he received (April 28, 1709), of a Spaniard, born in the year
life appointment as Capt. of the 1692 was still Uving among the
Compaiiia Volante of the Pres. of Asinais nation, at the same place
Rio Grande (S. J. B.), with proviso where born.89
that should he be unable to take After his m. with Manuela, dau.
possession, he was to be replaced of Diego Ramon, Alf. at San Juan
by his son-in-law, Juan de Urrutia. Bautista (bro. of Capt. Domingo
This commission is the first in Ramon), whose family were very
A .G. /., Aud. de Guadalajara, 104- influential in Mexico, and after
6-8. He probably m. a Sanchez, for subsequent trade developments,
his daughter is caUed: both Father OUvares and Gov-
1 Manuela Sanchez; q. s.
HI. Manuela (1), m. Louis Juche- ernor Alarcon complained of the
reau de Saint-Denis, the 12th son Francofile tendencies of the Ra-
of Nicolas Juchereau, Sieur (1692) mon faction.^
de Saint-Denis (and Marie Therese, Manuela and Louis had:
1 Marie Rose, b. in the parish of San
dau. of Robert Giffard, Seigneur Juan Bautista, dist. of Pres. del Nor-
de Beauport and Marie Renouard), t e ; m. in Natchitoches, 1733, Jacques
de la Chaise, son of Jacques, Commis-
son of Jean Juchereau, Sieur de saire Ordonnateur in La. and Mar-
St.-Maur (m. Marie, dau. of the guerite Cailly.
i Louis Antoine, b. Natchitoches,
Sieur de Langlois), first ancestor 1737; 1st alcalde in N. O. under
Spanish domination.
in America. Louis, the hero in ii Marie Louise.
Louisiana, Texas and Mexico, was iii Anne Marie.
2 Louise Charles, q. s.
b. at Quebec, Sept. 17, 1676; and 3 Marie des Douleurs (Maria Dolores), b.
was kUled by the Natchez Indians Pres. del Norte; m. Natchitoches, June
9, 1750, Cesaire de Blanc de Neuve-
in an act of gallantry, and "Ues ville (son of Capt. Charles and Mar-
guerite Despagnet), 2nd Commander
buried near the town of Natchi- of the Natchitoches Post; native of
88 "Quarterly", VI ,6, and note 4.

89 "B. A.," 1736.
90 Shelby, "St.-Denis," in "Quarterly," XXVII, 197.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 49
Marseille: ernor of Texas; before taking office,

i Louis Charles, m. N. O. 1773, however, he died as the result of an
Elizabeth Pouponne d'Emeville. accident, November 2, 1779, and was
ii Jacques Maurice, b. Natchitoches, buried the day after, from the parish
1756; Comm. at Natchitoches and church of the Villa of San Fernando
"Poste de Atakapas" (now St. de Bexar by the curate Pedro Fuentes
Martinville). y Fernandez.
4 Louise Marguerite, b . Pres. del N o r t e : 6 Marie des Neiges, b. Natchitoches,
S. A. 1734; m. 1754, in Natchitoches, Don
5 Marie Petronille Feliciana; m. April Manuel de Soto Bermudez: P.
18, 1746, the Chevalier Athanase de 7 Pierre Antoine, b. Natchitoches, 1770;
Mezieres, nat, of St. Sulpice, Paris, for military services, decorated with
son of Louis Christophe and Marie the Cross of St. Louis, and thus
Antoinette Clugny, both of high con- knighted; d. Natchitoches, Sept. 29,
nection. "One of my sisters," De Me- 1782: S. A.
zieres wrote to Gov. Bernardo de Gal-
vez, "the Baroness D'Andelot, bears a IV. Louis Charles Juchereau de
name known throughout France; the
other, the Marchioness de Montessons,
Saint-Denys, b. in the Presidio del
married Monseigneur the Duke of Or- Norte; d. in Natchitoches, Feb. 7,
leans ; my uncles, Minard de Clugny,
are generals in the army; my cousin 1778. "Following his distinguished
of the same name was Minister of
State; my nephew, the Marquis of
father's footsteps, he became a
Genlis, is inspector of infantry; my soldier and in 1765 was already a
niece is lady in waiting to Madame lieutenant. Under the Spanish re-
the Duchess of Chartres". He was
not boastful or given to ostentation,
however. He came to Louisiana in
gime he sat, in 1770, as an Ordin-
about 1733, being in Natchitoches as ary Alcalde in the N. O. Cabildo."
early as September 27, 1743, when he Because of his distinguished char-
witnessed the baptism of Francois
Rondin, at the parish church; his prin-
cipal vocation was soldier of infantry;
acter and many quaUties, Governor
he was discharged from the French Ripperda and Father Pray Pedro
service, Sept. 15, 1753; he was as well, Ramirez, President of the Interior
a trader and a planter; the Nat-
chitoches Census of 1766, describing Missions, recommended his ap-
him as a retired captain with 10,000
lbs. of tobacco and 35 slaves, and 100 pointment, in 1772, as Captain of
oxen; "though apparently well-to-klo a presidio in Texas. "There is on,
when he entered the Spanish service,
he left it a bankrupt." Athanase de and has traded upon the borders
Mezieres m. 2nd, ca 1769, some 21 yrs.
after the d. of his 1st wife. Dame Pe- of the province, which is adjacent
lagic Fazende, who d. 1777, during an
epidemic, when De Mezieres also lost
to Natchitoches, Louisiana, the
a son and a daughter: by his 1st m. person and most worthy of being
he had only one daughter, Felicite,
honored by Your ExceUency with
about whom no record exists, says Ar- such a charge, namely, Don Luis
thur ("Old Families of Louisiana"),
though Elizabeth Felicite Nepomuceno, de San Denis. He is a person of
baptized Sept. 3, 1746, was one of the
heirs to the long unsettled estate of distinguished birth, is ex-Ueuten-
St-Denis. By his 2nd m. De Mezieres ant of the troops of His Most
had 6 ch., of whom Antonio, requested
the appointment of distinguished sol- Christian Majesty (at Natchito-
dier in the Spanish army, giving as
reason, the merits and distinguished ches), is 40 yrs. of age, is a son
services of his father to the Catholic
Monarch; and his own. beginning as
of Don Luis, formerly commandant
Lieut, of Militia a t Natchitoches, with of Natchitoches and Knight of the
promotion to the rank of First Al-
ferez in the Presidial Company of La Order of San Luis, is the first
Bania, where he retired, a t his own
request 1789, after 7 years of service.
cousin of Don Ygnacio AutguU,
Athanase De Mezieres, the father, ef- Lieutenant-General in Spain, and
fected a treaty of peace with the Ta-
wakoni and other tribes in the name has other relatives of character
of the governors of Louisiana and
Texas, 1770; he conducted the chief to
and distinction. He is of proved
Bexar, where Governor Ripperda re- Christianity, judgement, and good
ceived them in 1772; he was again in conduct, and is loved by the sur-
Bexar, Feb. 20, 1778; led an unevent-
ful expedition to Bucareli, March 9.
of that year, and there, did not attend
rounding nations, who after the
the conference a t Bexar; upon his loss of his father, danced before
final arrival a t San Antonio, to reside him in preference to the com-
permanently in Texas, 1779, he learn-
ed that he had been appointed gov- mandant of the post. He is only a
Uttle short when it comes to writ- ii Miguel, b. 1787. 94.

8 Pedro Jose, b. 1779.
ing, as a result of having been 9 Carmen, m. Manuel Nombrana (Balta-
raised on their plantations or in a zar and Bernarda Rodriguez):
i Jose Nepomuceno, b. 1809.
little vUlage." De Mezieres con- IV. Martin Agustin (5), m. 1791,
firmed all of these good quahties, Ana Manuela AguUar (Ignacio
which Ripperda communicated to and Ana Gertrudis Arredondo) of
the viceroy, and as a mathematic- CoahuUa: 95
ian, offered to select a site for the 1 Joaquin, q. s.
2 Jose Maria Refugio, b. 1793.
new settlement. He intended to 3 Maria Leonor Teresa, b. 1797; m. Jo-
draw a map of the province, se Antonio Menchaca (Mariano and
Luz Guerra): P.
which Ripperda would send to the 4 Jose Francisco Rosario, q. s.
viceroy. De Mezieres stated that V. Jose Francisco Rosario (4),
he knew Saint-Denis only by re- m. 1825, Mariana Leal (Remigio
putation, and that he considered and Francisca Rodriguez); she, as
him the best person for the place, a wid., m. Edward Dwyer.
because of his standing among the 1 Rosaria, m. Francois Guilbeau.
Indians, and because of his knowl- 2 Concepcion, q. s.
edge of their language, as weU as VI. Concepcion (2), m. June 9,
of CastUian, and because of his 1845, Bryan Callaghan, who, ac-
pecuUar methods of dealing with cording to the testimony of PhiUp
the Indians. He m. Marie Barbier: Howard and Robert Patton, May 4,
S. P si 1841, had resided in Bexar Coun-
II. Joseph (4), the Alferez of ty since the summer of 1838.96
the company at La Bahia, brother He was a prominent merchant;
of the Captam, Domingo Ramon, served a term as Mayor of San An-
and brother of Diego Ramon, and tonio, 1846. Concepcion and Bryan
brother of stiU another: had 4 ch.:
1 Bryan, q. s.
n . Andres, Captain, who serv- 2 Catarina, b. Francois Guilbeau, J r .
3 James, a merchant, m. Marie Grenet
ed temporarily at La Bahia, after (Augustin Honore and Magdaleine
the death of his brother Josephs Coll), by whom:
i Maymie.
HE. Manuel Ramon, a nephew 4 Carolina, m. Leonardo de la Garza: P .
of Domingo Ramon, from the VH. Bryan, Mayor of San An-
Presidio of Our Lady of Loreta at tonio nine terms, from 1885 to
La Bahia, m. Rosalia Martines, b. 1891, ind.; 1897; and from 1907
1735, d .1823: until his d. in 1912; County Judge,
1 Jose Manuel, b. 1772; volunteered for 1893-96; m. Adele Guilbeau (Fran-
military service, July 26, 1795. 93.
2 Maria Canuta, m. Toribio Ximenes. cois and Rosaria Ramon), by
3 Maria Manuela, b. 1774, probably d. y.
4 Maria Manuela, b. 1775. whom:
5 Martin Agustin, q. s. 1 Rosaria: S. A.
6 Maria Josefa, b. 1776. 2 Concepcion, m. Theodore Muegge:
7 Jacinto, b. "ca" 1758; m. Ana Maria i Adele.
de la Garza, b .1760: ii Theodore, J r .
i Pedro, b. 1782. 3 James: S. A.
4 Bryan, q. s.
91 Bolton, "De Mezieres," I, 324-325; letter of Ripperdd to the viceroy, July 5, 1772,
"Prov. Int.," XX, f, 18, "Historia" Vol. 51, f. 18. For De Mezieres: Chabot, 'Indian Ex-
cerpts" ; Bolton, "op. cit.," I, 79-84; 121; Garcia, "Documentos, hist, de Tex., Relacion gene-
ral", and B. A. Balma, Feb. 7, 1797; Castaneda, "Morfi's Hist.," 443 and Arthur, S. C.
"Old Families of Louisiana," 149-156.
92 "A. G. " Mex., "Prov. Int., 181; and "Misc/ 1715-1756, a t end of book: pp. 5, 12, 15,
18, 31, 47. 217 and 301-305.
93 "B. A., Extracto," August, 1795.
94 The "B. G.," from which Jacinto's m. and ch., states he was b. 1762.
95 "R. I.," b. a t Villanueva, 1755.
96 "Head Rights," I, 202, item No. 126.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 51
5 Charles: S. A.
6 Alfred: S. A.
driguez, alias Maronero, Xavier
7 Maria: S. A. Rodriguez, (Juan Andres) Quino-
VTH. Bryan, m. Helen Jud: nes, son-in-law of said Maronero,
1 Louise Adele. Vicente Flores, Santiago Seguin,
2 Bryan, q. s.
3 Virginia. Pedro Lambramon, the French-
IX. Bryan CaUaghan. man, Ignacio Casanova, Refugio
V. Joaquin, b. 1791; m. 1816, Amador, Gavier Gonzales, Felix de
Maria de la Luz Navarrete (Rafael Herrera, Agustin Ramon, his
and Maria Teresa de los Santos), nephew, Juan de Almagues, Jose
wid. of Jose Ignacio de la Pena; Antonio de la Garza, Pedro de la
most Ukely the parents of: Garza, Mariano Guerra, Francisco
1 Teresa Ramon, who, according to the Hernandez, Jose Roman Rodriguez,
"Sp. Ar.," was the dau. of Maria Je- Ignacio Perea ,Manuel Losoya, Jua-
susa Pena, b. 1824; m. 1841, Jose Ter-
rain Martinez: chin (sic) Menchaca and Mathias
i Jesusa, b. 1843.
ii Teresa de Jesus, b. 1844; m. Bargas.
Charles A. Skerles.
iii Gertrudis Gregoria, b, 1846. Santiago Perez, Santiago Seguin
iv Jose Antonio Geraldo, b. 1847. and Vizente Flores were heard to
v Gertrudis, b. 1848.
vi Manuel, b. 1850. say: "Santiago, go, go and see if
vii Fermin, b. 1851.
viii Maria Angela, b. 1852. 97. Don Felix Menchaca is coming or
IH. Felix Ramon, brother of wishes to come."
Manuel Ramon, nephew of Do- The purpose of the junta, ac-
mingo Ramon, was b. 1744 at La cording to Ramon, was to elect an
Bahia. In November, 1790 ,the high apodero, or two powers of attor-
Spanish officials were shocked at ney, to request the govemor in per-
the audacity of the "Repubhcans" son, to see that they be paid for
of San Antonio in holding a junta their work on the Carzel.
without the customary permission. When asked if he knew of other
The testimony of the respective meetings held, and the ones who
witnesses gives the details of the were responsible for them, Ramon
affair.98 replied that on the night of the
The meeting was held in the 14th he saw a gathering near his
house of Jose Felix Ramon, situat- house, and knew that they dis-
ed at the end (en el remate) of cussed the same subject, and that
the street named Real, or de las those who went about telling the
Flores, at nine p. m., November 15, residents to hold a meetmg were
1790. Ramon was the first one Carlos Martinez and Santiago Pe-
Martinez had told him that a rez; and that they agreed at the
meeting was to be held, and rc meeting of the 15th, that Agustin
was, on the 14th from 12 to 3 p. Hernandez and one (sic) Fernan-
m. Then, he added, the foUow- do Cervantes should attend. When
ing met at his own home at 8 asked whether he knew or had
o'clock in the evenmg of the 15th, heard that meetings could not be
of November, 1790,—Carlos Mar- held without permission of the
tinez, Santiago Perez, Mateo Ro- local judge, or alcaldes, regidores,
97 Theresa Ramdn, wife of Jose Fermin Martinez, d. 1866. Her will, probated Oct. 19,
1867, was signed in the presence of Max Neuendorff, John B. Lacoste and Antonio Men-
chaca, the executors of her estate, which she bequeathd to her two daughters, Teresa and
Angela.
98 "B. G. and R. I . " Agustin Ram6n was a nephew- of -Eelix Ram6n. " B . A.," il-1-1790»
No. 70, "Informacion; Correspondencia," Draft N o ^ j - Q ^ l - l ^ O ; 2-18-1791. :
;•*._. _.\ b i Y
Or u i AH
27358
cr govemor, Ramon repUed that approached four times by Bias Xi-

he did not, and had not heard menes in this regard. He testified
whether they could or not. Ramon that he was a Spaniard, aged 33
testified that he was a Spaniard, years, and signed.
aged 47 years; and as he could not Juachin Menchaca, not present
write, made his mark. on the 14th, but present on the
An auto for imprisoning Carlos 15th, said he was caUed by Bias
Martmez and Santiago Perez fol- Ximenez; and that over twenty
lowed, November 16. Santiago Pe- residents were present; he test-
rez testified that Carlos Martmez, ified that he was over 60 years of
as well as his brother-in-law, Gre- age.
gorio Leal, had told him, on the Santiago Seguin, who was pre-
14th, to advise the inhabitants to sent on the 15th, said he had been
meet at the home of Jose Felix called by Bias Ximenes. He forth-
Ramon. The Carzel and Sala with claimed twelve pesos and
Capitular he said, had been con- four reales, and the govemor paid
structed by Francisco Cisneros, him immediately in cash, and he
Gregorio Leal, Juan, "El Sansabe- was satisfied. Seguin testified that
no," Juan Jose Montes and Fran- he was aged 39 years; he signed.
cisco Hernandez. He testified that
he was a Spaniard, aged 60 years; Xavier Musquiz, alias Costales,
his son, Francisco, signed for him. present on the 15th, said he had
been advised of the meeting by
Bias Ximenez testified that on Manuel Losoya and Reyes Pereda
six different occasions, Saturday (sic). He testified that he was
13th, at the evenmg sermon (ora- aged 55 years, and was a coyote;
cion de la noche), Sunday 14th, not signing, he made his mark.
at 3 p. m., and at sundown; Mon-
day 15, 11 a. m., at evening ser- Bernardo Cervantes was caUed
mon and at 8 p. m., Carlos Mar- by Bias Ximenez; he testified he
tinez had said that they were go- was a Spaniard, aged 66 years,
ing to be paid for the work on the and signed.
Royal Houses, and had ordered Xavier Rodriguez, present on
the attendance of (por orden de the 15th, said that about twenty
dicho Carlos Martinez) Jose and men were there, being of aU qual-
Francisco Hernandez, Santiago Se- ities; he was caUed by Santiago
guin, Vizente Flores, Refugio and Perez. He testified that he was a
Jose Amador, Don Jose Montes, Spaniard, aged 40 years, and did
Bartolo Seguin, Reyes Perea, with not sign, but made his mark.
the others mentioned by Jose Fe- Matheo Rodriguez, present on the
lix Ramon. Ximenez added that 15th, said that about forty-four
on Sunday night, the 14th, Carlos people had gathered there, includ-
Martinez held a meetmg at the ing Spaniards, mulattos and In-
home of Jose Felix Ramon. He dians. He was caUed by his broth-
testified that he was aged 32 years; er-in-law, Santiago Perez. Carlos
not writing, he made his mark. Martmez, nowever, had spoken of
the junta, whUe caUing at the
Vizente Flores testified that he home of Santiago Perez. He test-
was only at the meeting of the ified that he was a Spaniard, aged
15th, though he had known of 49 years; and signed.
the one of the 14th. He had been Juan de Almaguez, present on
SPANISH-MEXICANS 53
the 15th, stated that he had only three trips with mesquite pailings
heard Jose Felix Ramon, Carlos (de polizada) for the work, boards
Martmez and Santiago Perez speak, and tree-nails (guilotte). for the
when the alcalde, Don Angel Na- roofs, for which purpose he had
varro and the regidor, Jose Anto- used his oxen and cart, for seven
nio Saucedo arrived. Ramon was days; at six reales per day, he
placed under arrest by the alcalde, claimed five pesos and two reales,
and aU of the others foUowed, as and was not shy in demanding
they were guilty of the same of- this amount from the cabUdo.
fense, up to the door of the house When asked if he wished to receive
of Don Luis Menchaca, where they the cash in hand, he repUed that
entered. Almaguez testified that indeed he did, and besides, he
he was a mulatto, aged 43 years. would give a written receipt for
Pedro Lambramon stated that same. He testified that he was a
he had been caUed by Manuel Lo- Spaniard, aged about 50 years;
soya. He testified that he was a and not signing, made his mark.
native of France, though a Span- In the minds of Spanish officials
ish subject, and that he was aged this audacity of the "Republicans'*
25 years; he signed. of San Antonio was an "Insurrec-
Carlos Martinez, who was con- don," as is stated in the subse-
ducted from his imprisonment in quent auto, of the Comandante
the Carzel (where he had been General Jacovo Loyola, which hb-
placed by Alcalde Navarro) before erated the prisoners.
the govemor, and testified that During the early part of 1791
Captain Don Rafael Martmez Pa- the trials and tribulations of "dis-
checo had ordered him to an in- tinguished soldiers" were alleviat-
terview, and told him that they ed, for Governor Mufioz was in-
should hold a meetmg to prepare structed, February 9th, not to re-
a memorial for the govemor require their doing any manual la-
garding their claims, to ask if he bor.
did not consider it just to pay for
the work on the Sala Capitular The citizens were very strict in
and Carzel, in accordance with the their apphcation and observance
suggestions of Pacheco and Men- of permits, however, to go fishing,
chaca. All of this was known by for cook fights, to marry natives,
Bias Ximenes and Vizente Flores. to sell nuts, and what not, as can
Francisco Sales de la Cerda, like be observed from the Bexar Ar-
the declarant had been ordered to chives (March 6, 15, 24, 30, 1791).
Pacheco's house, where Pacheco Felix Ramon m. Juana Barron
had spoken in this connection, be- b. 1743. They had:
fore Juan Martin de Amondarain. 1 M a r i a Josef a R i t a , b . 1775.
2 Maria Lauriana de la Asencion, b.
Pacheco and Amondarain, Marti- 1776.
nez, declared, gave a man a blan- 3 U r s u l i n a Felis, b . 1778; h e r g o d p a r e n t s
ket and seven pesos in reales, to w e r e A n t o n i o a n d F r a n c i s co G r a n a d o .
4 M a r i a Dolores de Sosa, b . 1779.
dehver a letter to Don Juan de 5 J o s e p h A n t o n i o , b , 1781.
Ugalde regarding this matter, who 6
7
J u a n Crisostome, b . 1783.
M a r i a F r a n c i s c a , b . 1785.
in reply regretted that he could 8 M a r i a Candida, b . 1786.
do nothing to accommodate Pa- 9
10
Magdalena. b . 1787.
M a r i a C a n d e l a r i a , b. 1791.
checo in the premises. 11 M a r i a Josefa, b . 1792; m . 1808, Jose
Francisco Rodriguez (Salvador a n d
Martinez said that he had made Gertrudis de la P e n a ) , soldier.
54 W I T H T H E MAKERS OF SAN ANTONIO
One Antonio Ramon was godfather a t the baptism of a chUd of

Diego Ximenes, and his wife, a member of the Ramon famUy, though
he name is not given, in 1759.
One Andres Ramon, b o m 1730 a t Rio Grande (and a widower in
1790) ,99 received a grant of land on September 1, 1726, which he had
already occupied for over 18 years; i. e., since 1744. It was on the CaUe
Real of the Plaza of the Presidio, running north and south, along side
of the lot of Francisco Flores de Abrego. The witnesses to grants
were important, as they were usually interested neighbors, and no
grant was confirmed until all the neighbors consented; the witnesses
to this grant to Andres Ramon were: Francisco de Estrada; Joseph
Antonio de Estrada and Don Martin Flores. There is considerable cor-
respondence signed by Andres Ramon, relatives to t h e housing situa-
tion in San Antonio, in which he criticises the methods followed and
results, and in which he intimates t h at he might be made a sort of
empresario. He m. a daughter of Antonia de Carbajal.10©
The block between Acequia and Soledad Streets, and the first al-
ley, and callejon north of Houston St., was owned in 1850, by t h e
heirs of Rosario Ramon and Maria Gertrudis Fuentes; the former had
the frontage on Acequia St., with a smaU front on the aUey; the lat-
ter, the frontage on Soledad St., with a smaU front on t h e caUejon.
Prom the callejon, N, on Acequia St., were J. Cassiano (who had the
SW cor. of the block), J. Sturm, and S. Rippstein (later the Van Der-
lip homestead); on Soledad St., were the properties of J. M. Camp-
beU and C. J. Gamer. North of these, extending in narrow strips from
Acequia t o Soledad St., were Maria de Jesus Zepeda, Juan Rodriguez,
Ysabel Seguin, Antonio Arocha, Margarita Girar, and the Hernandez
(Alejos, Dorotea, Antonia and PeUciana) lots, respectively. These data
were compUed by Giraud, 1850, and are in the City Engineer's records,
p. 136.
MALDONADO
As t h e first fanuly in the Ramon list of 1716 is t h a t of t h e Al-

ferez Maldonado, we shaU give the avaUable data for this fanuly or
name.
The Alferez Maldonado*s wife's name is not given. Among t h e
women of the 1716 expedition were two with the name Maria Antonia;
one of t h e Longoria family and t h e other of the Ximenes fanuly. As
Antonio Flores, one of the soldiers of the expedition was married to
Maria Antonia, Alferez Maldonado was evidently married to the other.
One Joseph Maldonado with his wife Maria de Sosa, were witnes-
ses a t a ceremony in San Antonio in 1721. In the foUowmg year, 1722,
the death of one Manuel Maldonado is recorded. In 1723 Xaviera Mal-
donado, t h e daughter of Sargeant Francisco Xavier Maldonado and
his wife Agueda Ximenes GU (who was a widow in 1731) married
Juan Galvan. Alferez Xavier Maldonado was killed by the Apaches
99 "B. G. and R. I."

100 "B. A . / ' June. 1762. deed of sale to Marcelina Martinez.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 55
in 1733, when Urrutia was appointed Captam, and the garrison in-
creased.
One Joseph Antonio Maldonado m. 1729, Ana Maria Ximenes, and
their daughter:
1 Francisca, m. 1st, "ca" 1750-51, Joseph
Pablo "Carmona:"
II. Luis (3), m. Luisa Peres (Ca-
i Joseph Manuel, confirmed, 1759; yetano and FeUciana de Carva-
d. "ca" 1789; m. "ca" 1776-77, jal) :
Guadalupe de la Zerda (Miguel
and Ana Luciana de Torres), of
the Adaes, parents of Manuel, b. 1 Juan Francisco, a soldier, m. 1773, Ma-
1779; Juan Antonio Julian, b. ria Antonia de Villareal (Francisco
1781; Mariano, b. 1787; and Ma- and Maria Guadalupe Zepeda), whose
ria Antonio, b. 1789. sister Merenciana Villareal, came to
San Antonio from the Adaes in 1772,
Joseph Maldonado of SaltiUo, and m. 1773, Francisco Gonmez (Nico-
had three sons: Pedro, Bernardi- las and Tomasa Ruis), from SaltiUo.
no, and 2 Agueda, m. Pedro de los Angeles.
3 Jose Luis, b. 1764. 102
I. N. N. 4 Joseph Xavier, b. 1766.
1 Francisca Xaviera.
2 Maria. Xaviera Maldonado (m. Jose Gal-
3 Luis, q. s.
4 Maria Rita, m. Juan Domingo. Tre-
ban) d., aged 100 yrs., and was
vino, 101 buried in San Antonio, in 1798.
VALDES
Juan Valdes was one of the soldiers of the 1716 expedition. In

Mexico, as early as 1699, the viceroy had written dispatches approvmg
the work of Govemor Valdes in campaigns against the Indians and
for the founding of missions. During the absence of the Marquis of
San Miguel de Aguayo, Juan Valdes acted as ad interim govemor.
In San Antonio in 1719, Lieut. Juan Valdes and his wife, M. Za-
popa, were godparents. In the foUowmg year, 1720, Lt. Juan Valdes,
caUed "El Fiscal'* and his wife, Rosalia, were witnesses.
Before 1719, Diego Ximenes Valdes, of SaltiUo, had married An-
tonia Vidales. He came to Texas with the first entradas, and later
was a first settler with the presidios. Accordmg to his testimony re-
garding Govemor Sandoval, in 1738, he had already been in service
in Texas for over fifty years.10^
One Christoval Valdes m. Juana PaUanon and their son Christoval,
m. 1722, Ana de Carvajal (Christoval and Josefa Guerra); they had
Antonio, b. 1723.
I. Sargeant Christoval Valdes, m. *• Francisco Valdes, accordmg to
Maria Gertrudis de la Larra: the Relacion Individual, 1795, was
1 Jose Maria Nepomuceno, b. 1744. bom in SaltiUo in 1727. He m. Ma-
2 Teresa, m. 1759, Isidro de la Garza.
3 Antonio Santiago, b. 1748. ria Gertrudis Flores; 2 sons.
4 Antonio Mariano, b. 1749.
6 Antonio Margil, b. 1752.
I. Francisco Valdes, from Monclo-
6 Jose Antonio. va, m. Maria Castaneda:
7 Jose Maria. 1 Tomas, said to have been on the staff
8 Maria Francisca. of Govemor Veramendi, m. Josefa
9 Antonia Maria. Amondarain (Juan Martin and Josefa
10 Maria Ignacia. 104. Granado):
101 "B. A.," March 18, 1744, land transfer.

102 According to the Nacogdoches Census, 1794, one Jos£ Luis Maldonado, b. in San An-
tonio, 1758, m. Maria Barbosa of San Antonio.
103 " B . A." 6-29-38.
104 The last five were confirmed in 1769.
i Gertrudis de los Santos, b. 1806; 5 Maria Mauricia, b. 1791; m. 1811, Jose

m. James W. Magoffin, Amer- Manuel de la Garza (Simon and Luisa
ican Consul in Mexico, and at one Fuentes).
time, owner of Fort Bliss: Joseph, 6 Joseph Matias Ramon, b. 1794.
mayor of El P a s o ; and Anita, m.
Joe Dwyer.
Francisco Flores and Juana de
ii Maria, a nun in the Ursuline la Cruz, of CoahuUa, had a daugh-
Convent, San Antonio.
iii Gabriel, m.: P. ter Maria, who m. in San Antonio,
iv Carmen, m. Isaac Lightner.
v Teresa, m. 1828, Nicolos Flores
1721, Joseph, son of Juana Ger-
(Gaspar and Maria Luisa Peres) ; trudis.
m. 2nd. Eduardo Rivas. Joseph Antonio Flores, a soldier,
vi Luis.
vii Dolores, m. James W. Magoffin, m. 1727, Maria Sanches y Valdes
her brother-in-law
Marcel Valdes, 2nd Alferez of (or as another record states, Pe-
the Company of San Antonio, was dro Valdes, m. Maria Sanches Na-
promoted to that rank upon the varro) and their daughter Josefa
retirement of Don Joseph Hidalgo, m. Asencio del Raso, from Sala-
May 11, 1782. He had meritoriously manca, and a resident of San Luis
served as Alferez of the Ught de las AmarUlas, caUed San Saba.
troops of the company of the pre- He was Sargeant in the Presidio
sidio of Aguaverde. He assumed of San Antonio for twenty years,
duty as 1st Alferez of the company from about 1721 to 1741, when
of cavalry of Bexar, December 11, Juan Banul received a grant of
1779.105 land. Asencio del Raso m. 2nd,
1748, Josefa Rodriguez (Joseph);
and m. 3rd, 1760, Juana de Arre-
FLORES dondo, wid. of Joaquin Flores. Jo-
Antonio and Domingo Flores sefa Flores and Asencia del Raso
were among the soldiers of the had a daughter Ana Josefa, b.
1716 expedition; Miguel Flores also 1728.
accompanied the expedition. Joseph Antonio Flores came to
Antonio Flores m. Maria Anto- San Antonio in 1772, from the
nia de San Miguel Ximenes, and Adaes; he was the Guard of the
they had a son Pedro Nolasco b. Custom House; and received 3
1720 and d. 1730. grant of land in 1774, in the Po-
I. One Antonio Flores, m. Gertru- trero, bounded on the north by
dis (Maria) Inolosa: land of Simon de Aragon, on the
1 Joseph Joaquin, confirmed in 1759, with south by the river; east, lands of
Martin Flores as his godfather.
2 Juan Joseph, confirmed in 1759, with the wid. of Miguel de los Santos,
Nicolas Quinones as his godfather.
Pedro Flores, the Master Car- and west, by the road going from
penter, m. 1725, Clara Longoria; the lower dam of the river to Mis-
and m. 2nd, 1730, Maria Margarita sion Concepcion.
de la Garza: Maria Dolores, b. I. Patricio Flores m. Clara Longo-
1735. ria (Gonzales?):
1 Juana de Jesus, b. 1720.
I. One Pedro Flores m. Ignacia Mi- 2 Teodoro, b. 1723; whose godparents
were Pedro Joseph and Maria Josefa
reles: Flores, brother and sister.
1 Juana, b. 1783; m. 1805, Jose de las
Barienas (Antonio and Catarina Tra- I. Francisco Flores m., 1722, Maria
vieso).
2 Albina Clementina, b. 1784.
Sapopa Minchaca, wid. of Geroni-
3 Eugenio Rosalio, b. 1785; m. Jacoba mo de Carvajal:
Fuentes (Ram5n and Guadalupe Flo- 1 Ignacio. b. 1723, confirmed 1759.
res) : 2 Maria Rosalia, b. 1725.
i Maria Isabel, b. 1808. 3 Juan Pedro Nolasco, b. 1730.
4 Juana de Dios, b. 1789. 4 Ignacio, b. 1731.
105 "A G. I.," Guadalajara, 104-6-8; and " B . A./' Feb. 1, 1780, No. 196.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 57
I. Lcondo Flores, b. 1750, m. Ma- 4 Maria Gertrudis, b. 1749.

5 Jose Francisco, b. 1764.
ria Josefa de la Garza, b. 1759: 6 Joaquina.
1 Theodora. 7 Juan Francisco.
2 Jph. Patricio, b. 1780. 8 Jose Luis.
3 Ma. Jpha. 9 Francisco Antonio, b. 1758 in San An-
4 Ma. Guadalupe. tonio ; volunteered for military service,
5 Ma. Antonia. 106 AprU 4, 1785.
HE. Joseph Joaquin (3) m. Teodo-
FLORES DE ABREGO ra Montes de Oca (Juan Jose and
The Abrego famUy are beUeved Manuela de la Pena, b. 1756):
1 Joseph Marcelino.
to have had the same origin as 2 Maria Santos, b. 1773.
3 Juana Maria, b. 1774.
the Abreu of the highlands of 4 Pedro Joseph Antonio, b. 1775.
Asturias. Urraca, daughter of Gon- 5 Jose Antonio Teodoro Justo Guadalupe,
b. 1776. q. s.
truda de Abreo by Alfonso VTH 6 Joseph Manuel, b. 1779.
of CastUe, married 2nd, Alfonso IV. Joseph Antonio (5), m. Anto-
Rodriguez, and their posterity nia Rodriguez (Salvador and Ger-
continued the Une of Abrego, trudis de la Pena):
which spread into CastUe, Aragon, 1 Jose Manuel Paulina, b. 1799.
2 Maria Gertrudis, b. 1807; m. Juan Ne-
Vascongadas, and America. pumomoceno Seguin (Erasmo and Jo-
I. Domingo Flores de Abrego, Ma- sefa Becerra).
3 Jose Ignacio, b. 1809.
yordomo of the S. A. de Valero 4 Salvador, q. s.
5 Nepomuceno, m. Margarita Valdes:
mission, d. 1752; m. Manuela Mar- i Juan Nepo., b. 1843; (lived on S.
cela Trevifio (Ximenes): Flores St. a t site of present M. K.
and T. R, R. Station),
1 Pedro, b. 1719; m. 1760, Antonia Gue- ii Jose Antonio Serapio, b. 1845.
rrero (Cayetano and Ana Hernandez). iii Jose Simon Maria de Jesus, b .
This m. record does not give tiie pa- 1848.
rents of Pedro Flores, but he is most 6 Jose Maria Victorian©, m. 1831, Ma-
likely the son of Domingo: ria Leonides Seguin (Erasmo and Ma.
i Joaquin. Josefa Becerra):
2 Ana Maria, confirmed 1759. i Concepcion, b. 1841; m. Nepo. Ro-
3 Angelina, conf. 1759. driguez: Carolina, m. Manuel de
At the christening of Pedro, in Carvajal (Manuel and Elena de
los Santos Coy).
1719, Lieut. Juan Valdes and his ii Jose Ignacio, b. 1843.
wife, Maria Zapopa, were god- iii Maria Leonides, b. 1845.
v Maria Gertrudis, b. 1846.
parents; aU of the soldiers of 7 Maria Jesus, b. 1817. "
the Presidio of Bexar were pre- V Salvador (4) Lieut in Col. Juan
sent. Seguin's company (Oct. 1935);
I. Pedro Flores de Abrego (or An- Capt. of 1st Reg. of Cav. 1837; d.
tonio), m. Maria de Jesus Cantu: Jan. 17 1855 at his residence, 21
1 Juan Antonio 107, conf 1759. mi. from the city of S. A., accord-
2 Pedro Joseph, conf. 1769.
3 Maria Gertrudis, b. 1757. ing to El Bejarano, Feb. 2, 1855; m.
4 Maria Guadalupe, m . 1759 (7), P a -
blo Rodriguez (Joseph and Marcela 1st. Clara Flores (Francisco Joseph
Rincon).
5 Juan Martin, conf. in 1759.
and Francisca Montes):
I. Francisco Flores de Abrego, of 1 Juan Manuel, b. 1842.
2 Maria Feliciana Refugio, b. 1843; m.
SaltiUo, m. Maria Saucedo: Manuel C. Herrera.
1 Francisco Antonio, q. s. 3 Santiago Ignacio Eduardo, b. 1845.
4 Antonio Ramon, and
H. Francisco Antonio, a soldier, d. 5 Ramon Antonio, twins, b. Feb. 28, 1847.
1757; m. Rosa HermenegUda Her- Salvador (4) m. 2nd, ca 1848,
nandez: Concepcion Rojo:
1 Francisco, conf. 1759.
2 Luis Antonio. 1 Salvador, b. 1849.
3 Joseph Joaquin, b. 1743. q. s. 108 2 Teresa Balbina, b. 1851.
106 " B . G."

107 J u a n Antonio Flores, b. in Camargo, 1746, m. Josefa Trevifio, b. Camargo, 1753; they
had a son b. 1781. " B . A.," 12-31-1793, Census, S. F . Espada Mission.
108 Joaquin Flores, b . SaltiUo, 1741, m. Josefa Fuentes of SaltiUo. b. 1756.—"R. L "
3 Maria
I. Geronimo Flores Valdes y Abre- Catalina, b. 1726.
* T__T ' *•* ' t 4 Ana Maria, d. 1749.
go, m. Ana Maria Gonzales: 5 Maria Nicoiasa. b. 1728.
1 Pedro Joseph, conf. 1769; m. 1760, An- 6 Francisco Antonio, b. J a n . 2, 1734, d.
tonia Guerrero (Cayetano and A n a before 1788, q. s.
Hernandez): 7 Joseph, b, 1730.
i Joseph Joaquin, b. 17*61; m. 1791, 8 Pedro Nepo., conf. 1759.
t^^^^tr^Â^s?' H. Francisco Antonio (6) m. 1753,
Jose Maria, b 1791; and Jose Francisca de Luna (Joseph and
Luciano, b. 1801. » - , , „ , *
ii Joseph Miguel, b. 1763. Josefa de la Zerda):
iii Maria Josefa, b. 17666. , ., . „ _. , ,__,
iv Jose Antonio, b. 1770. \ Maria Sapopa Petra, b. 1754.
2
2 Luis, d. 1748: S. A. Francisco Clements, b. 1788 ( ? ) .
FLORES DE VALDES
Nicolas Flores de Valdes, Alferez at Monclova in 1693, and Cap-

tain of the Presidio at San Antonio de Bexar, to which post he was
appointed in AprU, 1722, inherited the Apache trouble. The Marquis of
Aguayo gave the foUowing report of him in 1724: "Captain __icolas
Flores y Valdez had begun miUtary service in 1696, entering the army
as a private, and when, in 1701, the garrison of San Juan Bautista was
estabUshed, he was one of the first to enlist. Here he served for 14
years in the capacities of soldier, sergeant, and alferez, ranking in the
last position next to the captain, as no Ueutenant was assigned to that
garrison. In Aguayo's expedition to Texas, Flores was made subaltern
of his company. In 1720, after this appointment, he defeated a force
of Indians near the Nadadores River, in CoahuUa, distinguishing him-
self by his bravery and abUity. In the expedition to Texas he served
as explorer, assisted in the repairing of the missions in eastem Texas,
and was employed by Aguayo in many important minor duties, aU of
which he performed entirely satisfactorUy,. Several times he was sent
to bring back suppUes, and he always did so with the greatest dispatch.
Thus, as a reward for abUity and faithful service, when Captam Gar-
cia was made protector of the Indians of CoahuUa, Flores was appoint-
ed to succeed him at San Antonio, on AprU 30, 1722. He was wounded
four times in different fights, and always gave a good account of him-
self in action (Autos hechos a consulta, Gonzalez contra Flores, 12-17).
Such is the account of Flores given by the Marques de Aguayo in 1724.**i<>9
After he succeeded to the command of the presidio such was his
vigUance, he said, that no horses were stolen from Bexar until August
17, 1723. In the meanwhile Father Gonzalez disagreed with Flores, and
reported to the viceroy (Oct. 3, 1723) that he had permitted the presi-
dio to deteriorate; and again that his conduct in regard to the Apa-
ches was impoUtic, that the Apaches had been grievously offended by
Flores* unwarranted atack upton them; and finaUy (March 18, 1724)
to repair the damage done, Flores must be removed. Father Gonzales
proposed Mateo Perez, to succeed him. On AprU 6, 1724, Flores receiv-
ed an order from the viceroy commanding him to give up the command
of the presidio to Mateo Perez, and to retire 100 leagues from the "pro-
vince of Texas." Flores obeyed. Perez took charge in June. Flores ex-
109 Dunn. "Apache Relations," in "Quarterly," XIV, 206, note 4.

SPANISH-MEXICANS 59
plained the situation, saying the priest did not know what he was talk-
ing about, and that he (Flores) had recognized the dupUcity of the
Apaches, who according to testimony, intended to raid and destroy San
Antonio, in spite of kindness shown them. "FinaUy, Flores asked that,
in recognition of his many services and on account of his famUy, he be
restored to his command.**
"To prove his good record in the service of the king, Flores enclos-
ed a number of testimonials. One of these was from no less a person-
age than Pray Antonio MargU de Jesus, guardian of the CoUege of N.
S. de Guadalupe de Zacatecas. He stated (July 20, 1724) that Flores
had always gaUantly and zealously served the king, and that he was
worthy, not only to be restored to his command, but even to be pro-
moted to the highest office in the provinve of Texas.**
"The Marques de Aguayo, in his testimonial, praised Flores very
highly. . . He also defended Flores agamst the attacks made upon him
by Hidalgo, whose charges, he said, were mere repetitions of those made
by Gonzalez. . . Aguayo added, Gonzalez was known to be of a turbulent
disposition, as was admitted by his own coUege, and one who was al-
ways causing trouble. . . FinaUy, Aguayo recommended that Flores be
restored to the command of the presidio at San Antonio and that aU
back pay be given him.
"In consequence of Aguayo*s intervention, on May 31, 1725, the
viceroy ordered that Flores should be restored to his command and
that Perez should retum to his service as a private soldier in the pre-
'iidio of Rio Grande."*™ Flores' reports furnish much valuable informa-
tion regarding the Apaches in Texas.
Governor Almazan reported, July 4, 1726, that everything was
quiet at San Antonio, and that recently the Apaches had made no
hostile move. So we can conclude that Flores knew how to deal with
them. In his letter the govemor "gives us an idea of the size of San
Antonio at this time. He says there were 45 officers and soldiers and
four citizens (vecinos) there, and that these, with their famiUes, reach-
ed the number of two hundred persons."111
Nicolas Flores, Captam Comandante, died June 6, 1731. He was suc-
ceeded in office by Juan Antonio Perez de Almazan.112
I . NiCOlaS F l O r e S d e V a l d e S m . N i - of the first merchants of San Antonio,
« , o « „ « •-vSvMA-'-r.ste. A A - T n l A A c being designated as "del comercio", in
colasa Ximenes de Valdes. the ^ttieM records. He was ist AI-
1 Rosa Nicolasa. b. 1723. calde of San Antonio in 1786:
2 Gertrudis. m. Diego Ram6n. I. Maria Manuela de Jesus, b. 1780.
3 Pedô. witness, 1723, (Patricio Flores). » . t g S S d S n t o n ^ S r e e l i n o . b. 1784.
4 Josefa. m. 1st., Miguel Nunez Morillo; Francisca. m. 2nd. 1801. Jose To-
rn. 2nd, Fermin Hibiricu; m. 3rd. Tori- £ b l ° . Duran (Pedro and Antonia
bio de Urrutia: S. P . 113. Cortmas).
II, Pedro (3), m. JuUana de la Gar- Azencio Flores de Valdes, of Sal-
za: tiUo, m. Micaela Menchaca:
1 Xaviera, m. Juan Jose Chirino (Do-
mingo and Micaeia Saucedo). I. Jose Leonardo, w h o c a m e t o S a n
2 Francisca, m. 1st, 1776, Juan Jose de A~+«.•**,*.«. * , « « , o « n - m « , w, o~,a irr-ni
la Santa, from SaltiUo; he was one AntOUlO f r o m S a l t i U o , m . 2 n d , 1791,
110 "Ibid.," 206-207, 212-216.

111 "Ibid.," 223.
112 "A. G. I . / ' Guadalajara, 104-6-8.
113 " B . A., April 21, 1744.
60 WITH THE MAKERS OP SAN ANTONIO
Ana Maria Mireles; and 3rd, Ana H. Nicolas, (2 or 4), m. Maria

Josefa de la Garza (Leonardo and VUlaApando:
Magdalena Martinez). 1 Jose Manuel, q. s.
I. Martin Flores y Valdes, one LH. Jose Manuel, m. 1780, Maria
of the first and principal "con- Ines Tiburcia (Mateo Rodriguez
querors" and "pacifiers" (to use and Encarnacion Leal Garza):
his own words, in an apphcation 1 Juana Francisca, b. 1805.
for a land grant, which he re- FLORES DE ABREGO Y
ceived in 1762) of the Presidio VALDES.
of San Antonio, and of the VUla I. Francisco Flores de Abrego
of San Fernando, where he had (sic), b. ca 1723, and widower,
maintained himself from its first m. Francisca Travieso (Vicente
founding to 1762^ with a 1 big and Maria Curbelo); witnesses
family and only one old house, at this m. were Bemarbe de Car-
the result of his own labor. He vajal and Rosalia Flores.
had served fifteen years as a 1 Josefa Gertrudis, b. 1754.
soldier, in converting the infidels, 2 Barbara, b. 1755; d. 1758.
3 Vicente de la Trinidad, q. s.
and in warfare; and he had held 4 Maria Silvestra, b. 1759; probably m.
some honorable offices in the Toribio Fuentes.
5 Maria Gertrudis, b. 1760; m. 1791, Juan
viUa as well. He had a sister, Jo- Jose Seguin (Xavier and Maria Jose-
fa Ybanes.)
sefa Flores y Valdes. He m. Ma- 6 Maria Josefa, conf. 1759.
ria Leal Goraz, probably the H. Vicente (3), b. Feb. 27, 1757;
daughter of Juan, El Mozo, and his godfather was Francisco Flo-
Gracia de Acosta: res de Abrego of Coan., m. 1st,
1 Rosalia, con. 1759; m. 1759, Balta-
zar Peres. Received a grant of land
1778, Maria Antonia de las Fuen-
in 1782, a t which time it was stated tes Fernandes,114 probably the
that she had been given, by her daughter of Juan and Gertrudis
father, many years before, a parcel
of land which she now wished to
enlarge; the grant was bounded north
Ramos; the godfather at this m.
by the lot of Francisco E s t r a d a; west, was Ramon Fuentes. He m. 2nd.
Josefa Flores; south, her father; and Ursula Carmona. By the 1st. m.:
east, "Calle Real," called "de las
Flores." The first mention of this 1 Jose Francisco Jesus Felicissimo, b. 1779.
street was in the grant to the Her- 2 Joseph Gaspar Maria, b. January 5,
nandez family in 1741; it most like- 1781; his godparents were Toribio de
ly received this name, owing to the la Fuente and Maria Josefa Fuentes
fact that there were many flowers q. s.
("flores") in the vicinity, either on 3 Antonio Maria, b. 1783; his godfather
the street itself, or in the gardens or was the Curate, Pedro Fuentes.
"labores" to which it lead. In re- 4 Maria Petra, b. 1784.
ferring to the family, the Spanish 5 Juan, b. 1785.
would be masculine, de "los" Flores, 6 Mariana Serafina, b. 1786.
collective, and not feminine, de "las" 7 Teodoro, b. 1787.
Flores .flowers. This name was given 8 Rosalia, b. 1789.
to Flores Street, sonth of t h e Plaza, 9 Juana Maria Francisca Prudencia
and a t times, though very rarely, Herculana, b. 1790.
north of the Plaza. The lower labors HE. Gaspar (2), d. 1836, on the
or cultivated fields were off this
street. MarceUna, buried in Nacogdoches,
2
3
Juan Ignacio Nicolas, b. 1744, q .8.
Juan Ignacio. b. 1748.
m. December 6, 1801, Maria Lui-
4 Ignacio Nicolas, b. 1749. sa Peres (Antonio and Ignacia
5 Jose Manuel Triindad, b. 1756; came Romero) ,"5 b. 1785; her godpa-
to San Antonio in 1766; had probably
been away in military service. rents were Juan Jose de la Santa
6 Joseph Luis, conf. 1759.
7 Maria Guadalupe, conf. 1759. and Gertrudis Curbelo. Witnesses
114 She was b. in SaltiUo, 1754. Vicente Flores, who m. Petra Fadr6n, 1770, was the
son of Francisco and Joaquina de Urrutia. " B . A.," Census, 1793 and "R. I."
115 Juan Antonio Romero, Master Tailor, according to the " B . A . / 2-21-1790, was b.
1745, and m. Maria Teresa Zevallos, b. 1762; they had Jose Antonio, b. 1775 and Maria An-
tonia. b. 1779.—"B. G."
SPANISH-MEXICANS 61
to the m. were Manuel Salinas El Paso:

and Francisco Xavier Galan. She 1 Nicolas, m. Josefa Daguerre, with
large family.
d. 1813, and was buried in San 2 Joseph, m. Josephine Samaniego, six
Antonio: ch, of whom:
iii Fernando.
1 Jose Maria, b 1802. 3 Isabel, m. Joe Meana: five ch.
2 Jose Nicolas, b. 1804, q. s. 4 Luisa.
3 Maria Josefa Rita Ruperta, b. 1809; 5 Margarita.
m. Simon Arriola. 6 Hugo, d.: S. A.
4 Maria Luisa Micaela, b. June 22, 1812; H. Vicente (3), m. 2nd, Ursena
m. Oct. 8, 1833 (she d. Feb. 20, 1880)
Manuel Zepeda (he d. Jan. 15, 1877): or Ursula Carmona:
i Nicolas, m. 1st. Concepcion Leon: 1 Maria de Jesus, b. 1813, d. 1898; m.
Teresa, m. 2nd. Clotilde Seguin May 8, 1830, Jose Luis de Carvajal
by whom: Eusebia, Nicolas ana (Jose Ant. and Gert. Sanches).
Teresa, m. Dec. 29, 1893, Berdino 2 Juana, m. Mr. Leone, of Sabine Par-
Cardona, and they had: Vicente ish, La.:
Concepcion. and Luisa; the three i John, m. and h a d : Luciano; Geo.;
lived in Pruitt's section. Cerena (m. Steve Martines) ; J o s e ;
ii Concepcion, m. 1879, Antonio L. John, d.: S. P . ; Tom (with El-
Gonzdlez. len, m. Pedro Gallegos; Julia, m.
iii Josefa, m. J . Rivas. S. Remadis; Robert; Jasper.;
iv Miguel (d. "ca". 1891), m. Juana Brewster?; and Brigida?) ; Rita,
Ruiz, 6. ch.: Antonio, Miguel, Isa- m. Henry Laroux (with Hortense,
bel, Susana, Miguel and Helia. m, Capt. Procelle; Edward; Tom;
IV. Jose Nicolas (2), b. 1804, m. Gertrudis; Loreta ; Christiana, m.
Juan Barrera; and Ellen) ; and
ca 1828-1830, Teresa Valdes (To- Hilaria, m. Elogio Bebee (with
Joseph?; Philip; Luisa, m. John
mas and Josefa Amondarain) Procelle; Rosa, m. Michell Mi-
from Monclova. Teresa Valdes, chell ; Gerena, m. Lucian Longo-
r i a ; and Margarita, m. Sam. Par-
after the d. of Jose Nicolas, m. rea).
2nd, Eduardo Rivas. I. Juan Jose Flores de Abrego y
1Jose Maria de Jesus, b. 1832, q. s. Valdes, was a brother of Fran-
2Luisa, m. June. 1854, Antonio Mateu
(d. June 19. 1884): cisco, who m. Francisca Travieso,
i Antonio, d. S. A.
ii Bias, m. Refugio Flores (Pedro
above.11^ He was bom in SaltiUo.
and Melchor Indo): Bias Benja- He died January 18, 1779. His
min, m. Lucinda House: S. P . wUl, in the Bexar Archives, Aus-
Raymundo, m. Alicia Zambrano;
parents of Maria Luisa, and Ray-
mundo, J r .
tin, is dated January 13, 1779.
iii Gertrudis, m. Thad. W. Smith: His ranch on the Cibolo Creek
a Sam. S., b. 1879, d. y. was started in 1756, and was one
b Thad. W., d.
c Sidney P. of the first in that vicmity, as
d Gertrudis, m. William Allen others did not begin to settle on
Williams ; parents of Gertrudis ;
Sadie, m. Henry Gilmer Wil- lands there, until about 1760.117
liams, (brother of Wm. Allen) ;
they had: Henry Gilmer, Jr., He m. 1st, Nicolasa de Avila, sis-
Lucile, Eloanore, and Thad.
Allen,
ter of Joaquin de AvUa, of Sal-
iv Luisa, and tiUo; he m. 2nd, Febmary 3, 1750,
v Margarita, twins; m. Adolfo Leonor Delgado, widow of Ber-
Garza (Juan and Gertrudis San-
doval) : nardo Leal and daughter of Lu-
a Margarita, m. Mr. Burns, pa-
rents of Marie Adele, and Mar- cas Delgado and Mariana Me-
garita,
b Gertrudis, m. Adolfo Prince:
lean. She died previous to 1788.
Adolph. By his 1st m. he had:
c Adolfo.
d Antonio. 1 Maria Gertrudis, came to S. A. from
3 Tomasa, m. 1857, Jose Fermin Cassiano. SaltiUo; m. 1759, Manuel Granado
(Juan and Maria Robaina de Bethen-
V. Jose Maria de Jesus, (1), b. court).
2 Pedro, came to San Antonio from Sal-
1832, m. Margarita Stephenson of tiUo, in about 1754; q. s. 118.
116 " B . A.," May 2, 1783. p. 6, Mariana Curbelo vs. Francisco and Vicente Flores; and
No. 56, 1783, "Autos," J u a n Jose, Jr., was a cousin of Vicente; pp. 19-20; Francisco Flores
de Abrego. aged about 60 yrs.. was an uncle of Felipe Flores.
117"B. A." 1778. He had sent him. by Joseph Cayetano de la Garza, a resident of the
"Villa of El Aredo," fourteen barrels of aguardiante, 1774, which were confiscated—Ibid.
118 San Fernando Marriage Records, Vol. 1, para. 76.
3 Phelipe, b. 1730, a widower in 1790, 2 Francisco Joseph, b. 1771, q. s..

with 2 ch., says the "B. G.": 3 Maria Gertrudis, b. 1772.
i Refugia. 4 Pedro Jose b. 1775.
ii Maria Luisa. 5 Pedro Joseph Refugio, b. 1776.
4 Joaquin, mentioned as of Saltillo, in 6 Jose Maria, b. 1778.
the " B . A.," 1787. 7 Francisco Antonio, b. 1779.
5 Juan Jose, a travelling merchant, who 8 Maria Concepcion, b. 1782, m. 1798,
had a stone house in the "Calle de la Jose Remigio Peres (Baltazar and Ro-
Puente" (Street of the Bridge), which salia Flores Valdes).
he acquired from Manuel Delgado, and
which consisted of a "sala, recamara,
dispensa, saguan," and kitchen. 119
III. Francisco Joseph (2), b. 1771,
He was killed by the Apaches Lipanes m. Josefa Montes:
on his ranch. He left a widow, Ma- 1 Pedro, b. 1805, q. s.
nuela de Aguilar. 2 Dolores, b. 1807.
H. Pedro (2), who came to San 3 Francisco Manuel, b. 1808 (probably
the administrator of "rentas" for the
Antonio from Saltillo in 1754, m. department of Bexar).
April 25, 1759, Isabel Delgado 4 Maria Josefa Manuela, b. 1812.
5 Clara, m. 1841, Salvador Flores (Jo-
(Francisco and Catarina de los se Antonio and Maria Antonia Ro-
driguez).
Santos); he m. 2nd, ca 1769, Sa- 6 Jose Eduardo, b. 1815.
popa Barrera (Alonzo and Mar- 7 Jose Antonio, b. 1817.
8 Jose Jesus Teodoro, b, 1819, q. s.
cela de la Pena); he m .3rd, 1804, 9 Jose Antonio, b. 1821.
Mariana Carrillo, from Real de EV. Pedro (1), b. 1805, m. 1846,
Boca de Leones, called VUlalda- Melchor Indo (Manuel and Maria
ma at a later date, and parti- Casiana Zambrano):
cularly interesting because an 1 Maria Policarpia, b .1847.
2 Clara Ger__nima, b. 1848, d.: S. A.
hospicio of the Zacatecan College 3 Maria J u a na Leonides, b. 1850, d.: S. A.
was founded there in the 18th 4 Josefa, m. Ramon Flores, her cousin:
i Refugia, m. Mr. Bouchet.
eeantury, used primarily as a ii Antonio,
iii Margarita.
resting station and retreat for 5 Refugia. m. Bias Mateu (Antonio and
the Texas Missionaries. Mariana Luisa Flores).
6 Petra, m. Charles Crawford.
Carillo came to San Antonio in 7 Prudencia, m. Salvador Rodriguez
1794. She was the widow of Alfe- (Juan Antonio, of Wilson County).
i Melchora, m. Ed. Froebes: P.
rez Gervario Silva, and daughter ii Salvador, m. Ursula Flores.
iii Pedro, m. twice.
of Juan Antonio Carillo and Jua- iv Concepci6n. m.
na Rosa Flores y Valdes. Up to v son.
1807, Pedro and Maria had no IV. Jose (8), b. 1819, m. 1st, An-
children. By his 1st wife, Isabel geles (?), from Coahuila:
1 Eufemia, m. Severino Villareal, living
Delgado, he had: in Mexico:
1 Maria Josefa, b. 1759; m. 1778, Juan m. 2nd Felicidad, or Angela Gon-
Navarro, widower of Juliana del Rio, zales, by whom:
by whom he had a son, Juan Andres,
b. 1773, and a daughter, Maria Josefa, 2 Francisca, m . ; living on Dwyer Ave-
b. 1775. nue.
i Maria Antonia, m. 1803, Jose 3 Herminia, m. Felix Gutierrez, ch., liv-
Marcel ino Leal (Joaquin Pedro, ing in the City of Mexico;
and Maria Rosalia Guerrero),
ii Joseph Ignacio, b .1762.
m. 3rd, Maria Engracia Indo, by
iii Joseph Antonio, b. 1764. whom:
iv Juana Maria Francisca, b. 1765; 4 Francisco, m. Maria Montes, who af-
m. Ermeregildo Seguin (Bartolo- ter his death, m. 2nd Rafael Medina;
me and his 2nd wife, Jacinta Ra- m. 4th, 1861, Juana F. Montes de
mos).
II. Pedro (2), by his 2nd wife, Oca, (Juan Manuel and Margari-
Sapopa Barrera, had: ta Chavez), the widow of Jose
1 Jose Ignacio Fernando, b. 1769? the Troudeau, she owned Joske's cor-
Jose Flores who m. Antonia de Abrego
parents of Maria Antonia Marta bapt. ner (NE. cor S. Alamo and E.
Aug. 4, 1795, aged 6 days; who might
have been the wife of Pedro Guerrero,
Commerce Sts). Jose Flores used
parents of Casimira (see Leal). to tease her by giving a war
119 " B . A.," 4-10-1790, Inventory of his estate.
•
SPANISH-MEXICANS 63
whoop whenever he came into the cisco, b . 1765, m . E n c a r n a c i o n

Resales (probably m . 1st, F r a n -
house, as he knew her ancestor cisca Pacheco, who w h o m h e
h a d J o s e p h Francisco, b . 1780)
Francisco Xavier Chavez spoke a n d they h a d : Maria Antonia
the Indian languages. M a r g a r i t a , b, 1789; J u a n J o -
se, b . 1790; Jose A n t o n i o, m .
I. Juan Jose, by his 2nd wife, Leo- M a n u e l a Quinones, a b o v e ; J o -
nor Delgado, had: se Francisc o Andres, b . 1 7 9 7 ;
a n d M a r i a Josefa, m . J o s e A n -
1 J o s e Francisco, m. Juana Padron A n t o n i o Rodriguez. One T o r i -
( J u a n a n d A n t o n i a de A r m a s ) . bio F a r i a s m . A n a M a r i a d e
2 J u a n a Francisca. Arocha. Manuela a n d Jose A n -
3 Ygnacia. tonio F a r i a s h a d : M a r i a J o -
4 Felipe, m . 1765, P e t r a P a d r o n (Joseph sefa, b . 1816; a n d J o s e M a r i a -
and Maria Sanabria). r i a n o , b . 1819.
4 M a r i a C a n d e l a r i a Salome, b . 1766.
QUINONES Y FLORES 5 M a r i a I g n a c i a , b . 1768.
6 M a r i a M e r e n c i a n a , b . 1771.
DE ABREGO 7 Jose I g n a c i o J e s u s , b . 1772.
Joseph Quihones y Flores de 8 M a r i a I g n a c i a , b . 1773; probably t h e
1st w i f e of E s t e b a n , or Jose, F r a g o -
Abrego (sic) was one of the first so .son of Micaela H e r n a n d e z , widow,
a n d Cabo of t h e squadron of c a v a l r y ;
conquerors of New Biscay, of Nue- he m . 2 n d , 1812, M a r i a Zaragoza R o -
vo Leon, and of CoahuUa and driguez, wid. of Francisco Galvan a n d
d a u g h t e r of Salvador Rodriguez a n d
Texas. He died in San Antonio in M a r i a G e r t r u d i s de la P e n a . M a r i a I g -
1752. He m. 1st, Maria Flores de nacia a n d Jose F r a g o s o h a d :
a M a r i a Micaela, baptised by t h e
la Pena; m. 2nd, Maria de Bus- c u r a t e Gavino Valdes, O c t . 7,
ques; m. 3rd, Angela Flores de 7, 1794, aged eight d a y s ; w i t h
g o d m a t h e r , M a r i a Josefa L e a l
Abrego; ; she m. 2nd, after his (No. 725).
9 P e d r o J o s e p h , b . 1775.
death, Antonio de Luna. 10 M a r i a G e r t r u d i s Dolores, b . 1778.
I. Joseph Quiiiones, by his 1st 11 J o s e ph J e s u s , b . 1779.
12 M a r i a Josefa, b . 1 7 8 1 ; m . Manuel L a n -
wife, Maria Flores, had: din, ( J u a n a n d M a r i a de los S a n t o s ) :
1 Miguel, b . Oct. 7, 1720. a J u a n A n d r e s Nepo., b . 1806.
2 Joseph Antonio, b . 1722. 13 G a s p a r M a r i a , b . 1784, m . J u l i a n a F a z
3 Josefa, b . 1 7 2 3 : m . Miguel G u e r r a . (Manuel a n d Leonora Gonzalez, p a -
4 Tomas, according t o t h e " B . G.," b . r e n t s of J o s e Gabriel, b . 1814.
in S a n Antonio, 1730. Joseph Gregorio, I I , 5, received a g r a n t
5 Joseph Gregorio, b . 1726; conf. 1759, of l a n d i n 1775, eighty v a r a s s q u a r e ; it
h a d been g i v en originally t o his k i n s m a n ,
q. s. Joseph Gallardo , w h o , however, w a s a b -
H. Joseph Gregorio (5), m. 1st, sent, a n d whose wife could n o t improv e
a n d c u l t i v a t e it. A t t h i s t i m e J o s e p h G r e -
Maria Trevifio: gorio s t a t e d t h a t t h o u g h he w a s m a r r i e d
1 J o s e p h Antonio, conf. 1759. to a C a n a r y Islander, he still ha d to r e n t
a house t o live i n . B u t i n 1758 t h e r e w a s
Joseph Gregorio, m. 2nd, 1752, a deed of sale t o Antonio del Rio, of a
house a n d lot in t h e P l a z a of t h e P r e -
Antonia Longoria, widow of Pedro sidio, w h i c h ha d been purchased by Qui-
del Toro; with godparents, Luis nones f r o m J u a n C o r t i n a s . T h e 1775 g r a n t
w a s bounded on t h e south by t h e lot of
Menchaca and Antonia del Toro. S a n t i a g o P e r e s ; n o r t h , Miguel L e a l ; east,
Joseph Gregorio, m. 3rd, Jua- J u a n de l a Cruz del Valle, w i t h a s t r e e t
b e t w e e n ; a n d west by t h e "Acequia M a -
na Maria Leal: dre".
2 J u a n Andres , b . 1763, in S a n Antonio,
volunteered for m i l i t a r y service, J u l y III. Juan Andres (1), b. 1763, m.
3
11, 1786, q. s.
Joseph Manuel, b . 1 7 6 5 ; m . 1st. Josefa
Maria Anastacia de la Luz Rodri-
M e n c h a c a ; m . 2nd, 1805, S i m o n a de guez, probably the daughter of
la Garza, b. 1773, widow of M a t i a s
de los Santos. By his 1st wife, p r o b - Mateo Rodriguez, alias, Marone-
ably t h e d a u g h t e r of Marcos a n d J o - ro ^ o
sefa he h a d :
a Maria A n t o n i a Luisa, b . 1782. 1 M a r i a L i v e r a r a , m . 1796, in t h e P u e -
b Rosalia, b . 1787. blo S a n J o s e y S a n t i a g o del A l a m o ,
c Maria Josefa Apolinaria, b. Jose M a r i a Nufies, from Serro Gordo,
b . 1789. in t h e F l y i n g Company, of S a n C a r -
d Manuela, m . 1815, J o s e A n t o - los de P a r r a s .
nio F a r i a s ( J u a n J o s e p h a n d
M a r i a Micaela de la P e n a ; b .
I. Joseph Quihones, m. 2nd, Maria
1763). H i s b r o t h e r J o s e p h F r a n - de Busques, and they had:
120 " B . A . , " 11-1-1790, N o . 70. " I n f o r m a c i o n . "
1 Maria Isabel ,b. 1730. for the purpose of building a stone house,
Joseph Quihones, m. 3rd Angela in San Fernando ,on the river, as her
dwelling just south of the grant, was on-
Flores de Abrego, by whom: ly a simple j a c a l ; she had cultivated her
2 Juan Martin, b. 1736; probably d. y. lands for many years, and had served
her parents well; they were now deceased.
One Gaspar Flores, who ac- In 1740 the widow Josefa, received a
grant, bounded south by Bernardo Car-
cording to the B. G., was born in vajal .north by "Calle de las Carretas,"
San Antonio in 1764, and accord- east by "Calle del Norte", and west by
unoccupied lands.
ing to the R. I., was bom in 1771, Miguel Guerra m. Maria Josefa
married Carmel Ramon^zi and Quihones y Flores de Abrego
they had: (Joseph and Maria Flores de la
1 Jose Maria, b. 1787.
2 Gaspar Longino, b. 1789. Peoa):
3 Jose Ignacio Trinidad, b. 1794. 1 Maria Rosalia, b. 1744.
4 Juan Salome, b. 1795. 2 Joseph Miguel, b. 1750.
5 Juana Francisca Rita, b .1797. 3 Jose Francisco, b. 1756; m. Beatrice
6 Maria, b. 1800. Guerrero:
7 Jose Joaquin Nepo., b. 1801. i Juan Jose, m. 1785; Guadalupe
8 Juan Francisco, b. 1804. Flores (Diego and Gert. de Abre-
go) : Jose Maria Reyes, b. 1814;
Gaspar Flores (m. Carmen de Maria Jesus, b. 1815; Mariano
los Santos), d. aged 35 yrs., and Refugio Cruz. b. 1762; d. "ca"
1809; and Maria Carmen, prob-
was buried in 1808. ably m. a Montalvo: Manuel.
GUERRA I. Antonio Guerra received a grant

I. Miguel Guerra, who brought Ro- of land in 1744, next to Diego Sau-
sa Guerra and her mother to cedo, with a street between; the
Texas, were one of the first fam- land first granted to Rosa Guerra
Uies at the" presidio of San An- (which impUes their relationship),
tonio. Miguel Guerra m. Josefa who surrendered it, as she de-
Longoria; they had: parted for Nuevo Leon with her
1 Antonia, m. 1st. 1722, Chris, de la husband, in 1741. Antonio Guerra
Garza, who d. 1723; m. 2nd. 1724, Al-
fredo Gutierrez (Francisco and Ger-
m. Catalina Ximenes Minchaca:
trudis Lisama), from Apazeo. 1 Marcos, b. 1720; m. 1756, Josefa (Ger-
2 Juana, m. 1726, Diego de Villa Franca, trudis) Delgado: parents of Maria Jo-
from the Adaes. sefa, b. 1757; Pedro, b. 1761 ; and Jo-
3 Eulalia, b. 1719. se Maria, b . 1770.
4 Francisca, b. 1721, 2 Francisco, m. 1748, Xaviera Chapa.
5 Maria Josefa, b. 1723. 3 Francisca Xaviera, b. 1735; m. 1744
6 Maria Margarita, b. 1725. (?) Guadalupe de Avila:
7 Francisco Xavier, b. 1727. i Manuela Refugia.
ii Maria Juliana,
Rosa Guerra, who, with her iii Jose, d. y.
iv Maria Candelaria.
mother, came to the presidio at v Maria de Jesus,
San Antonio under the care (po- vi Joseph Jesus.
testad) of Miguel Guerra, m. 1st, I. Christoval Guerra m. 1776, Jua-
1728, Matias Trevifro. na Almagues (Manuel and Maria-
i Maria, m .1748, Antonio Cambrai. na Flores):
ii Joseph Manuel. 1 Maria Clemencia. b. 1777.
iii Antonio. 2 Jose Manuel Simon, b. 1783.
iv J u a n Domingo. 122 3 Jose Ignacio, b. 1792.
Rosa Guerra m. 2nd, 1748, Fran- II. Jose (2 or 3), m. 1812, Maria
cisco, whose first wife was Maria BacUia Gutierres (Felix and Ma-
Espronzeda.12s ria Serna), at Mission San Fran-
Rosa Guerra m. 3rd, 1750, Pedro cisco Espada.
de Avila. Ana Guerra is thus mentioned
She received a grant of land in 1749, in Ramon's Diary, 1716:
121 "B. G.," born in San Antonio in 1770; "R. I." b. S. A. 1774; and they had three
sons: Manuel, b. 1784.—"B. G."
122 The last three confirmed in 1769.
123 Maria Espronzeda, m. in S. A., with Jose" Antonio Rodriguez and his wife, Antonia
del Toro as godparents.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 65
"At night [March 9, 1716] Ana tween and north of Xaviera Can-
Guerra, a young mestiza came in- tu. Captain Joseph de Urrutia gave
to my presence. When I asked her oficial possesion, fine witnesses
what she wanted she said t h a t she were: Pedro Flores Valdes, J u a n
had come to see if I would send or de Rojas, and Mateo de Carvajal.
take her to Texas because her Joseph Galindo and Maria Cantu
master had treated her badly. had Josefa Matiana, b. 1729; An-
Moved by pity, I took her into my dres de Sosa (Joseph Miguel and
family.'* On the foUowing day Feliciana de Carvajal); parents of
"Lorenzo Mercado, a soldier of Juan Jose, b. 1751.
this company, came to me and
asked to marry the said Ana SAUCEDO
Guerra. I therefore took her Marcial Saucedo was one of the
along.** On May 5th, at Charca de soldiers of the Ramon Expedition,
Ranas, the eventful marriage was 1716. He and his wife, Maria R a -
celebrated, with salutes fired by mirez, were godparents a t a cere-
the companions of t h e bride- mony in San Antonio in 1720. The
groom. earUest record of the Ramirez
SARTUCHE famUy is of Joseph, who m. Luisa
Cadena, and they had J u a n
Juan de -Sertucha (Sartuche) Joseph, b. 1728. Juan Ramirez and
was a soldier in t h e 1716 expedi- his wife, Maria Guadalupe de las
tion. Josefa Sanchez was one of Casas Lobo Guerrero, were witnes-
the women of t h e expedition. We ses in the same year, 1728.
find t h e record: Juan Sartuche, I. Martin Saucedo m. Gertrudis de
from SaltiUo, m. Josefa Sanchez la Garza:
Navarro. He was caUed "the Al- 1 Joseph Antonio, b. 1742.
ferez of Texas." They were god- 2 Juana Veralda, m. 1756, Francisco
Galan.
parents in San Antonio in 1720
Joseph Antonio Saucedo (?), b.
and witnesses in 1729.
1740, m. Margarita Camacho (Die-
Ubalda Sartuche was b. in San
go "de Angulo'* and Antonia de
Antonio in 1846. Her parents were
Carvajal):
Gregoria Sartuche (d. AprU, 1847) 1 Jose Antonio, b. 1766. d. 1832: m. 1802,
and Vicenta Valdes. Manuela Flores (Manuel and Beralda
Saucedo, b. 1776 and d. 1829).
2 Lorenzo, b. 1771; m. Gertrudis Leal
GALINDO (Juan and Maria de U r r u t i a ) :
i Maria Antonia, b. 1805.
Joseph Galindo was one of the ii Maria Teodora, b. 1807.
soldiers of the 1716 expedition. Ana Jose Antonio Saucedo (?), b.
Maria Ximenes de Valdes was one 1740, probably m. 2nd, Gertrudis
of t h e women. They married a t Linares:
Presidio, en route to Texas, ca 1 Jos£ Antonio, m. Juana Calbillo (Igna-
AprU 21, or 22, 1716. The birth of nacio and Antonia de Arocha):
i Maria Jesusa Refugio, b. 1793.
their daughter, Lucia, is recorded ii Maria Josefa Ines, b. 1803.
iii Jose Maria Jesus, b. 1806; prob-
in San Antonio, 1720. ably m. Margarita Gortari: J o -
Joseph Galindo m. Maria Can- se Maria, b. 1860; and Marcos
Toribio, b. 1852.
tu, who as a widow, received one
of the earUest land grants from CHERINO
the Spanish Crown, 1736: a square IXazaro Quirino (Chirino), a sol-
of 50 varas, located west of P e - dier of the Ramon Expedition, 1716,
dro Ocon y TriUo, with a street be- (?) m. Maria Gonzales de la To-
66 W I T H THE MAKERS OF SAN ANTONIO
rre, and they had: Guerra, a widow, in 1751:

1 A n d r e s , b . 1722; his g o d p a r e n t s w e r e 1 M a r i a Josefa, b . 1771.
S e b a s t i a n Gonzales O r t i z , a n d A n t o - 2 J u a n Francisco, b. 1772.
n i a de C a r v a j a l . 3 M a r i a Josefa A n t o n i a , b . 1773.
4 F r a n c i s c o , b. 1 7 7 5 ; m . 1798, M a r i a
IXazaro Chirino m. Teresa San- Dias (Domingo a n d M a r i a Albina M a l -
ches Navarro and they had: donado).
1 Christoval, b , 1720; m . 1750, A n t o n i a i J o s e Francisco, b . 1812.
de C a r v a j a l , widow of Diego de A n - 5 J o s e p h Antonio, b . 1776.
gulo. 6 J u a n Joseph, b . 1778.
2 Luis, q. s. In 1793 one Juan Joseph Cadena
II. Luis, b. 1726; m. 1748, Maria came to San Antonio from t h e
Dolores Cortinas (Juan and Maria Adaes. There is record of Juan
Longoria). Luis Chirino was kill- Joseph Cadena who m. Maria Vic-
ed by the Indians in 1758: toria Rosalia and they had a son,
1 J u a n J o s e p h , b . 1747 ( ? )
2 Diego, conf. 1759. Joseph Austocio, b. 1852.
3
4
Pedro J o s e , b. 1754, d. y.
J u a n a M a r i a , conf. 1759.
I. Juan Cadena, most Ukely from
III. Juan Jose (1), m. Catalina Lo- Nacogdoches, m. Maria del Refu-
soya: gio Falcon (probably the daughter
1 J u a n J o s e p h , q. s. of Margil and Bernardo Guerrero),
IV. Juan Joseph, b. 1774; probably from Nacogdoches:
m. Josefa Leal: 1
2
Jose Anastacio , b . 1782.
M a r i a A n t o n i a ,b. 1784.
1 Luis, q . s . 3 J u a n F r P a n c i s c o , b. 1786.
V. Luis, m. Maria Trinidad Val- 4 Jose Epifanio, b . 1788.
5 J u a n a , b . 1789.
des: 6 Jose F e r n a n d o Teodoro, b . 1790.
1 Maria M a r g a r i t a J e s u s , b . 1813. 7 M a n u e l Antonio, q. s.
I. Domingo Chirino m. Micaela 8 J u a n Pablo, b. 1794.
Saucedo: II. Manuel Antonio (7), b. in S. A.,

1 Pedro J o s e p h , conf. 1 7 5 9 ; m. M a n u e - 1791, but was taken to Nacogdoches
la M e n c h a c a :
i J u a n Francisco, b . 1783. in his youth; he returned to S. A.
2
ii J o s e Francisco, b . 1784.
J u a n J o s e p h B a u t i s t a , m . 1779, X a -
and m. here, 1825, Maria Antonia
viera F l o r e s y Valdes (Pedro a n d J u - Celedonia Montes de Oca (Fran-
l i a n a de la Garza) :
i M a r i a A n t o n i a Dolores, b . 1783. cisco and Josefa Zambrano):
ii J o s e Manuel Leonardo,, b. 1785. 1 Jose A n t o n i o , q. s.
iii J o s e , b. 1789.
2 J u a n Manuel, b . 1828; m . Manuela ( ? ) :
There was also a family of Chi- i F r a n c i s c o , m . : ch.
ii G e r t r u d i s, m,
rino in the Adaes. iii A n n a .
In 1738, Manuel Chirino, from 3 M a r g a r i t a ,b. 1831.
4 M a r i a A n t o n i a Elena, b . 1834, d. y.
the presidial troop of Saltillo, was 5 J u l i a , b. 1836, in t h e old homestead
on N . Flores St., opposite T h a d S m i t h ' s
claiming pay in San Antonio. The r e s i d e n c e ; m. J u a n a E . B a r r e r a (Agus-
name appears in the Spanish tin an d Antonia Salinas).
6 J u a n a Doroteo, b . 1842.
Archives as late as 1830, when one 7 Jose M a r i a Ramon, b. 1 8 4 4 ; m. A m a n -
Maria Margarita Chirino died, da S e t t l e (Harriso n a n d M a r y ) .
8 C a r m e n ,m. J u a n Moczygemba:
leaving an estate which was ad- i E d u a r d o , d . : S. A .
ii Sofia, m. Luis M e l a s ; p a r e n t s of
ministered by Antonia Mesa. L u i s ; Estela, m . : P . ; Luis, m . :
P . ; and Anita, m. Fernando Arre-
CADENA dondo : P .
9 P o m p o s a , m . F r a n c i s c o Galan, of t h e
I. Joseph Cadena m. Juana Cama- De L a Garza Galan family of Sal-
cho: tillo :
i Leonides.
1 Joseph J o a q u i n , b, 1 7 3 0 ; m . 1746, A n - ii N o v e r t o , m . : P .
tonia M a l d o n a d o ; t h e y h a d a son, b . iii F r a n c i s c o , m . : P .
1755. iv Refugia, m . Miguel de S a n Mi-
LAntonio Cadena m. Matiana de g u e l , of E a g l e P a s s .
Ayala (Chapa?). She might have HI. Jose Antonio (1), b. 1827, m.
been the daughter of Lazaro de Carmen Montes de Oca (Juan and
Ayala, who m. Francisca Xaviera Maria Gertrudis Chaves):
SPANISH-MEXICANS 67
1 A n t o n i o Florencio, q. s. 1 Joseph Francisco, conf. 1759-

2 Cecilia, m. Dionicio T a r i n , b r o . of Co- IH. Joseph (5), m. 1757, Rosalia
rolina.
3 Avelina, d,: S. A . Rodriguez (Patricio and Josefa
4 H e r m i n i a , d. y.
Granado):
IV. Antonio Florencio (1), m. Ca- 1 Joseph Manuel, b . 1756; m . M a r i a R o -
rolina Tarin: salia P e r e s , probably t h e d a u g h t e r of
B a l t a z a r and Rosa Flores V a l d e s :
1 Adelina. i M a r i a Macedonia, b . 1789.
2 J o s e Antonio. ii J o s e Manuel Teodoro, b . 1791.
3 Beatrice, m . Rodolfo Fernandez. iii J o s e f a Marcelina, b . 1793; g o d -
4 E l e n a , d.: S. A . f a t h e r , Remigio P e r e s .
5 Florencio, q. s. iv J o s e p h Manuel P i l a r , b. 1 7 9 5 ;
6 E l v i r a , d. y. g o d p a r e n t s , F r a n c i s c o a n d Macedo -
7 N a r c i s o , b. 1852. nia Peres.
V. Florencio (5), m. Luisa Turpin: v J o s e Gregorio, b . 1796.
vi M a r i a A n t o n i a Gregoria, b. 1799.
1 E l e n a , b . " c a " 1917.
2 M a r i a Luisa. vii J o s e Marcos, b . 1802.
3 Carolina. 2 Diego Josep h ,b. 1759. m . Manuela R o -
len, probably a sister of Pedro, who m .
Maria Petra Sandoval (Marcos a n d
CASTRO F r a n c i s c a de U r r u t i a ) :
Juan de Castro was a soldier of i Miguel, m . A n t o n i a de Acosta ( J o -
s e a n d Luisa R i n c o n ) , p a r e n t s of
the Ramon Expedition, 1716. Lucas J o s e Ramon, b. 1810. 125
3 Maria A n t o n i a , b. 1763.
de Castro also accompanied the 4 Joseph Miguel, b. 1765.
expedition. 5 M a r i a A n t o n i a Gregoria, b . 1799.
6 Jose Marcos, b. 1802.
I. Lucas de Castro, of Rio Gran- I. Andres Antonio de Castro, the
de, m. Aldonea Conde; they had: Master Tailor, m. 1729, Antonia
1 P e t r o n a , m . 1721, Christobal Madrid de
la Rocha. Luzgarda Flores:
Juan de Castro, m. Ana de Pa- 1 F r a n c i s c o J a v i e r , b. 1733.
dilla; they had: Juan Domingo de Castro and his
1 M a t i a s Antonio, b . 1720; d. 1722. wife Felipa Flores, were godpa-
2 Ignacio, b. 1724.
3 Dionicio, b. 1725. rents in 1722.
4 Francisco , b . 1726. I. Martin de Castro, from the
I. Lorenzo Castro, m. before 1727, Adaes, was a resident in San An-
Rosa Ponce Camacho; they had: tonio in 1792.126 He m. Maria Za-
1 F r a n c i s c a Xaviera, b . 1730.
2 Manuel, b. 1733. ragosa (though throughout ithe
3 J o s e p h Francisco, b . 1736. records the wife of Martin de Cas-
I. Francisco Castro m. Josefa Val- tro is mentioned with four dif-
des; they had: ferent names: Navarro, Chirino,
1 Miguel, q. s. Barbosa and Cordova):
2 Ildefonsa, m . Marcelino M a r t i n e s . 1 J u a n Francisco, b . 1774.
II. Miguel, (1), Mayordomo of the 2 J u a n Jose, b. 1778.
3 Jose Ignacio F e r n a n d o , b. 17789.
S. A. Mission in 1736, m. 1726, Ma- 4 Ignacio, q. s.
ria Hernandez. She m. 2nd, 1759, 5 M a r g a r i t a , m . 1798, Anselmo V e r g a r a ,
b. 1778 ( J u a n J o s e a n d M a r i a de C a r -
Matias de la Zerda. vajal). J u a n J o s e V e r g a r a , b. 1750,
1 Antonia. and M a r i a de Carvajal h a d : A n t o n i o
2 Brigida, b. 1728. P r u , Francisco, J o s e Anselmo (who
3 Rafael a de J e s u s , b . 1729. m. M a r g a r i t a de Castro, above) a n d
4 Marcos, q. s. Jose Manuel, according t o t h e " B . G-"
5 J o s e p h , b. 1733, q. s. The " R . I . " s t a t e s t h a t J u a n J o s e V e r -
6 M a r i a Ignacia. g a r a w a s a c a r t driver, b . in S. A . ,
7 J o s e p h Miguel. and t h a t h e had t h r e e sons, aged 2 5 ,
8 Isabel Maria, b . 1738; probably m. 18 a n d 8. Miguel V e r g a r a , n a t i v e of
J u a n Granado. G u a d a l a j a r a , m . 1751, Rosa Peres ( A n -
tonio a n d G e r t r u d i s I n o l o s a ) : J o s e p h
9 Anastacio, b . 1747.
Nepo., b . 1 7 5 3 ; F r a n c i s c o Xavier, b .
IH. Marcos (4) ,124 m. Antonia de 1758; a n d J u a n Joseph, conf. 1759.
Carvajal (Joseph and Maria Jose- II. Ignacio, or Jose; m. Maria Josefa
fa Longoria: Torres (she d. 1849), wid. of J u a n
124 " B . A . , " 4-27-1776: one M a r c o s de C a s t ro a s witness, testified t h a t he w a s b o r n in 1721.
125 " S e e " Rolen Mindn. F r e n c h F a m i l i e s .
126 " B . A., N o t i c i a s , " 1792.
Francisco Bueno, and daughter of One Antonio Gonzales, bom in

Patricio and Doroteo del Rio: 1731, was in miUtary service in
1
2
Jesus, q. s. -
Ignacia de Jesus, b. 1841
San Antonio in 1763.127
3 Vicente, b. 1846. Jose Antonio Gonzales, m. Maria
4 Josefa Agreda, b. 1848.
5 Jacoba. Rita Alameda:
6 Antonio. There is record of one An- 1 Jose Felix, b. 1841.
tonio de Castro, who m. 1st. Candida 2 Jose Estanislado Trinidad, b . 1844.
Leon, and 2nd, 1852, Antonia Padilla, 3 Jose Genovevo, b. 1851.
wid. of Manuel Zepeda.
IH. Jesus (1), m. Ursula WUbum: GARCIA
1 Ernesto, m. Fannie Moses. Lorenzo Garcia, was Sargeant of
2 Ignacio, m. Zulema Angel:
i Ursula, the Ramon Expedition of 1716.
ii Sordaila. Lorenzo Garcia, from Rio Gran-
iii Ignacia.
Ignacio de Castro and Maria Ma- de, was a witness in San Antonio
cias were the parents of one Jose in 1720.
Manuel de Castro, bom in Mon- Andres Garcia, who had been in
clova in 1766, who volunteered for His Majesty's service from 1720 to
military service in San Antonio, 1761, at the Presidio of the Adaes,
June 11, 1786. in San Antonio and at San Sabas,
GONZALES was granted a sixty vara tract of
Domingo Gonzales was the last land on the other side of the San
soldier in the Ramon Ust, 1716. He Pedro, on which he had already
was godfather in San Antonio in buUt a house. It was north of the
1720. lot of Francisco Musquiz, a res-
In 1729 Joseph Gonzales, from ident of the vUla with a street be-
the Adaes, was witness. He m. 1746, tween.^
Simona Rios. The Soto-Garcia are mentioned
I. Pedro Gonzales, m. Maria de Je- under the Cassiano farmly.
sus del Rio:
1 Maria Sicilia, b. 1774. BOTELLO
2 Jose Nabor. b. 1778.
3 Ana Rosa, b. 1780.
4 Maria Josefa, b. 1783.
Pedro BoteUo and his fanuly ac-
Juan Victoriano Gonzales, m. companied the Ramon Expedition,
Maria Isabel: 1716.
1 Barbara Gertrudis, m. 1760, Francisco There is no record of this famUy
Maldonado. in San Antonio at an early date.
Miguel Gonzales, m. Petra Her-
nandez: I. Juan Antonio BoteUo, m. Maria
1 Esteban, m. 1st, Refugia Salinas (Pe- Encarnacion Redo:
dro Xavier and Josefa Padrdn): 1 Jose Francisco, q. s.
i Jose Leonardo, b . 1817.
Esteban, m. 2nd Ignacia Maldo II. Jose Francisco, m. 1816, Maria
nado:
ii Jos4 Bias, b. 1822.
Huizar (Potenal and Gertrudis Da-
iii J u a n a Francisca, b. 1825. vUa):
Estevan Gonzales, m. Maria Lui- 1 Maria del Refugio, b . 1828.
2 Jose Nicol-as, b. 1832, q. 8.
sa Flores: 3 Maria Ignacia, b. 1836.
1 Victor, b. 1850.
Francisco Gonzales, m. Procopia HE. Nicolas (2), m. Salome Espino-
Valdes, from SaltiUo: sa:
1 Manuel Antonio,, b. January, 1800; 1Placido, b. 1851; m. May 27, 1889. Se-
godfather, Francisco Valdes, of Sal- rafina Montoya, b. 1864 (Juan and
tillo. Florencia Cernal), wid. of Anacleto
2 Juan Jose Felipe, b. 1801. Martinez, from Paso del Norte.
3 Jos-S Tomas Nepo., b. 1804. 2 Cayetano, b. 1864 .
127 "B. A.." 1779, No. 21.
128 "B. A . " July 23, 1762.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 69
CHARLE panied the Ramon Expedition, 1716.

Jacinto Charle accompanied the Joseph de la Fuente, from Sal-
Ramon Expedition, 1716. See French tillo, married Maria Gonzales, and
famiUes. their son: Ignacio, came to San
Antonio in 1793, and m. 1803, Leo-
DEL TORO narda Ramires, an Indian.
May 5th, was doubly eventful for Nicolas de la Fuente, also from
the Ramon Expedition of 1716, for Saltillo, m. an Indian girl, and
on that day there was the surprise their son Joseph, m. 1723, Clara
of Jose del Toro running away, as Gonzales, wid. of Patricio Flores.
weU as the marriage of Ana Gue- I. Manuel de la Fuente, m. Teresa
rra to Lorenzo Mercado. Ramon Micaela Flores de Abrego:
sent one of the alferez after Jose X Maria Manuel, b. 1759.
Z Diego, b. 1764.
del Toro, accompanied by a wUd 3 Maria Josefa, b. 1766, probably d. y.
Indian. They found Del Toro, up 4 Maria Josefa, b. 1768; m. Patricio
Rodriguez.
a tree. The alferez took his gun to 5 Jose Rafael Ventura, b. 1770. q. s.
frighten him, but the heathen In- 6 Francisco Antonio Jesus, b. 1772.
dian interceded and begged him H. Jose (5), m. Maria Antonia de
for the love of God, not to kUl the la O Martmez:
1 Gervacio, q. s.
runaway. This thing surprised 2 Teodocio (?) ; m. Maria Gertrudis Ro-
driguez:
them greatly. i Juan Pablo, b. 1815.
Joseph del Toro was married to IH. Gervacio (1), m. Jesusa Rodri-
Antonia de la Zerda as early as guez (Jose and Maria Gutierrez):
1720, when they were present at 1 Jose Maria de Jesus, b . 1810.
ceremonies in San Antonio. DE LA FUENTE FERNANDEZ
I. Juan del Toro, m. Ana Maria Francisco de la Fuente Fernan-
Flores de Abrego: dez, from the Asturias, Spain, was
1 Thomas, q. s. the Alcalde Mayor and Captain of
H. Tomas, m. 1772, Antonia Serafi- War in SaltUlo. He m. Juana Fuen-
na Menchaca: tes, daughter of Juan and Gertru-
1 Juan Joseph, b. 1774, probably d. y.
2 Joseph Antonio Siprian, b. 1775; m. dis Davila Ramos. Maximo Ramos,
Maria Magdalena Bervan: 129. native of SaltiUo, m. Isabel de
i Pedro Jose, b. in S. A., 1776.
3 Maria Margarita, b. 1777. Aguirre, and they had one daugh-
4 Juan Joseph, b. 1779, q. s.
5 Maria Antonia ,b. 1781. ter and a son, Maximo. Maximo,
IH. Juan Joseph, probably (4), m. Sr., d. 1785, aged 53. Juan Fuentes
Rosalia Ximenes: died in 1706, aged 54 leaving four
1 Pedro, m. 1823, Alvina de los Angeles
(Alejo and Juana Travieso), most like-
chUdren, aU bom in SaltUlo: Pe-
ly the daughter of Alejo Charle. dro, Maria, Ignacio and Juana.
I. Jesus del Toro, m. Maria Josefa Francisco de la Fuente Fernandez
Gonzales, and their daughter: died in 1721, aged 69, leaving Tori-
1 Maria Perfecta, m. Victor Solis (Juan bio, q. s. Pedro, and Juana.
and Maria Antonia Maldonado) ; pa-
rents of Jose, b. 1812. I. Toribio, b. in SaltUlo, d. 1789,
Antonio del Toro, known as aged 70; came to S. A. in 1775, ac-
"Chiber," was Uving in San Anto- cording to the Bexar Archives. He
nio in 1783.120 m. Juana Ramos and they had:
DE LA FUENTE 1 Jose.
2 Ram6n, q. s.
Joseph de la Fuente, accom- 3 Pedro, Parochial Curate and Capellan
interino of the Company of Bexar, q. 8.
129 " B . A., Extracto," February, 1795.

130 " B . A.," April, 1783, No. 56.
4 Gertrudis. gate of the cemetery, which faced

5 Juliana, q. s.
6 Ignacia. west (Sp. Ar. Grant, Sept. 20, 1777,
7
8
Dolores.
Josefa.
II, 848). At the southeast comer
9 Guadalupe, m. Santiago Seguin (Bar- of Flores and Dolorosa Sts., was
tolome and Luisa Ocon y Trillo) .131
the Pedro Flores homestead. Pa-
H. Ramon (2), b. 1755, m. 1st. Ma- dre Fuentes petitioned the govern-
ria Guadalupe Flores de Valdes; ment as foUows: The Curate of
and m. 2nd, 1805, Guadalupe Zam- this viUa begs to appear and de-
brano, wid. of Pedro Cantu. By the clare before you in due form, as
1st m.: entitled by law, that having begun
1 Maria Jacoba, b. 1781; m. 1797. J .
2
B. Herrera.
Jose Cresencio, b. 1783, q. s.
the construction of a stone house
3 Pedro Francisco Timoteo, b. 1786, the in the Plaza of this VUla, which is
alferez, m. Maria Carmen de la Pe- to face east, and having in mind
na (Pedro and Josefa Garcia):
i Victor Carmel Nepo., b. 1812. to buUd two stories (dos cuerpos)
Pedro probably m. 2nd, Ines
Rodriguez: because of the many and most use-
ii Encarnacion, m. 1845, Jose Ma- ful benefits which wiU accrue
ria Sierra (Julian and Ignacia
Almacer). therefrom, not only to himself, but
4 Juan Cornelio, b . 1789.
5 daughter, m. Ignacio de Abila, 132. to the temporal and spiritual wel-
IH. Jose Crescendo (2), b. 1783, m. fare of this "Republic," its res-
Maria Gertrudis Dias (Jose Ray- idents, and famUies, as will be
mundo and Brigida Rodriguez): shown at a more opportune time,
1 Maria Luisa, b. 1809. and having finished the ground
2 Eluteria Carmen, b. 1817. floor, and being necessary, in or-
3 Eleocadia Loreto, b. 1819.
4 Loretta, m. 1844, Edward Brown, a
Protestant, b. "ca" 1813, and son of
der to complete the second story,
"evry" Brown and Maria. to secure opportunely the neces-
5 Ignacia, b. 1822. sary materials, the declarant does
6 Martina, b. 1823.
Toribio de la Fuente Fernandez, not wish to do so if there is any
born in Saltillo, 1719, d. 1789, mar- objection. It is generaUy accepted
ried SUvestra Flores, probably the by all the pueblos, viUas and cities
daughter of Francisco Flores and of the world, that such construc-
Francisca Travieso. It is very like- tions are useful because of the in-
ly that Maria Paula Jesus, b. in finite advantages which they of-
1781, was of this marriage. fer to them and to the owners.
II. Pedro (3), the parish priest, was Ignorant of the attendant re-
granted a permit to construct the quisites in the matter, the provi-
first two-story house in San An- sions in the ordinances concern-
tonio, facing east and south on the ing their erections, and the laws
plaza. Opposite the parish church, prohibitmg them, if there are any,
and facing the east side of Mili- nevertheless, having in mind the
tary Plaza, in line with the ram- civUity, respect and good will that
parts, was the site selected for the everybody owes to Your Lordship,
public school. South of it was the not only because of your being
house and lot of Pedro Fuentes, viceregal patron, but of your many
whose lands extended along the other titles, and considering the
west side of Flores St., opposite the importance of setting a good ex-
old Perez homestead, acquired ample, and opening the way for
from the Cabreras, as far as the others who may already contem-
131 Erasmo Seguin "Notes", Ms.

132 "B. A.," 6-30-1777.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 71
plate the same thing, though for tion to the owners, each one be-
different purposes, and so that in ing a bulwark, not only to defend
the continuation of this work, there those who Uve there and their
shaU be no obstacle (tropiezo), in famiUes, but to harass safely the
convenience (reparo) or embar- enemy in case of invasion, their
rassment, as may be feared, I height making possible the obser-
humbly request that Your Lord- vation of its movements from their
ship be so kind as to give his con- roofs, without it being necessary
sent, in the manner and form that in such case, to use the tower of
may be deemed more agreeable. If the Holy Temple, as is the case at
the Cabildo, the Justices, and the present. There are other obvious
Regiment of this VUla or the ad- considerations which I shaU omit
joining residents, or others in- not to tire Your ExceUency. The
terested, who may have the right, disadvantages that may follow to
raise any objection to the con- the adjoining residents and those
trary, I also request that Your dwelUng nearby, which they may
Lordship be pleased to command present, are that they wUl have no
that aU the necessary dUigencias privacy, and aU the attendant in-
be executed, and that the sentence conveniences; but, these are far
of the court be secured; in which inferior to the advantages indicat-
event, I sohcit copies of aU the ed and they could be partly avoid-
said transactions, whether for or ed by ordinances prohibiting doors
against the project. In this con- and windows to open on any side
nection I beg to present to Your except that facing the streets or
Lordship the infinite advantages, the plaza, or by any provision that
temporal and spiritual, that may may be deemed most agreeable to
result from the termination of this Your ExceUency. In view of aU of
work and others of the same na- which I beg and request Your Lord-
ture. Leaving aside the spiritual ship to comply with this request
considerations for the moment, by which justice and grace wUl be
the material advantages are the done to this your humble peti-
improved appearance of the viUa, tioner.
the great stimulus that wiU result This petition was signed by Br.
thereform and the encouragement Pedro Fuentes. Governor Domingo
to the residents and inhabitants, Cabello approved this request, Sep-
if no objections are made, to erect tember 23, 1780, and presented it
similar buildings in the four blocks to the Cabildo, who also approved
around the plaza or beyond, all of it in entirety, after consulting with
which will enhance the value of the adjoining landlords and others
the property of the owners them- interested. Don Ignacio CalvUlo,
selves and wiU afford better ac- Procurador General of the VUla, re
commodations for their famUies. ceived in person the approval of
Such buUdings, though larger, wUl the foUowing: Don Ignacio de Ar-
not take up any more ground; they mas, Maria Gertrudis de la Garza,
wiU be more healthy, because their Doha Rosalia Flores and Manuel
height will permit more fresh air; Verban, who were the landlords
and better suited for both sum- with bounding properties, in the
mer and winter. They wUl make case of the construction of a two
possible a better defense of the story house for the Senor Cura Vi-
country, and afford greater protec- cario and Ecclesiastical Judge of
this Holy Parochial Church, which that he had been in the service
fronts east and south . . . The gov- in this province of Texas, for
emor decreed his final and offi- more than twenty-eight years.
cial approval on October 21, 1780, He and his wife had four chil-
in consequence of the reply of the dren, and they weer Uving in a
Procurador General of the vUla, jacal. He wished to build a stone
and of the CabUdo and Ayunta- house within a year or so. His
miento of it. These Diligencias, grant ran 60 varas north and
1780, No. 49, 9-23-1780 and 10-23- south and 40 varas east and west.
1780, are in the Bexar Archives. It was bounded on the east by the
H. JuUana (5), was the 2nd wife San Pedro Creek; west, the Pre-
of Mariano Ureha. He was bom in sidio; with a street between;
Chihuahua; and m. 1st, Joaquina north, the house of Josefa Flores,
de Urrutia. According to the R. I., with a street between; and south,
however, Mariano Urena was said the street running from the Pla-
to be a native of Cadiz, and his za of the Presidio; probably a
occupation was described as that mistake, meaning east by the Pre-
of a merchant. Mariano Urena and sidio, and west by the creek.
Juliana Fuentes had: I. Joseph Francisco Montemayor
1 Francisco, b. 1784. m. in 1725 or 1726, Juana Flores
2 Teodora Ricarda, b. 1787. de Valdes:
3 Eusebia Teresa, b. 1789 .
4 Maria Teresa, b. 1790. 1 Antonia, m. Antonio de la Parra. a
5 Maria Candida Berarda, b. 1792. Frenchman:
6 Tomas, b. 1796. i Polonia, b. 1744; conf. 1759; her
7 Jose Maria, b. 1797; m. Antonia Fa- godparents 'at christening were
rias: Joseph de Sosa and Gertrudis Ro-
i Jose Desiderio. b . 1728. jas ; she m. Mateo Rodriguez Me-
deros, from Castile, son of Joseph
8 Jose Isidro, b. 1800. Rodriguez Mederos, and Sebastia
tiana Villaba.
MORALES ii Manuel Antonio, conf. 1759.
Juan Francisco Morales, m, 1754, iii Emerenciana, conf. 1759.
Gertrudis de la Garza; they had Joseph (?) m. 2nd (?), Maria
Rosa Maria, b, 1756. Flores Quinones (she d. 1748):
Alberto Morales m. Gertrudis 1 Maria Manuela, b. 1747; m. Manuel
Trevifio:
Conitrillo (Ocon y TriUo); they i Maria Francisca, m. Felipe de la
had Dolores, m. Jose Maria Flores Garza (Manuel and Maria Anto-
nia Fernandez); they had Jose
(Francisco Gertrudis Molano); Valentin Leonardo, b. 1811.
2 Barbara (Bernarda).
parents of Pedro, b. 1815. 3 Francisca, conf. 1759, both b. at earlier
I. Miguel Morales, Lieut, of the dates.
4 Maria Luisa, b. 1748; d. 1760.
Company of La Bahia, was god-
father in San Antonio, 1804. Mi- SAIS
guel m. Severiana Zamores; they
had Jose Maria, b. 1853. WhUe Joseph Saez was a mem-
ber of the Ramon Expedition,
MONTEMAYOR 1716, the records disclose no
Jose Montemayor was a mule family of this name in early San
Antonio.
driver in the Ramon Expedition,
1716. I. Mariano Sais m. Maria Fran-
In 1745 Joseph de Montemayor cisca Martmez:
1 Jose^ Maria, m .Maria Barbara Adam
received a grant of land from the (Jose Antonio and Cayetana Guerra),
Spanish Crown, when he stated from the Alamo de P a r r a s ; they had,
Maria Petra, b. 1811.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 73
I. Juan Sais m. Maria Antonia The alferez, Joaquin Sais, m.

Maldonado: Teresa Rosas, wid. of Jose Segun-
1 Victor Solis, m. Maria Perfecta del , _ _ _•_ ,_ -
Toro (Jesus and Maria Josefa Gon- lO COy, and t h e y h a d AnastaCia,
i Jose Seferino, b. 1812. *D1*» MatCO CasUlaS.
RODRIGUEZ
Juan Rodriguez was one of the mule drivers of the Ramon Ex-
pedition, 1716. No further record is found concerning him. It might
be that the Indian, Juan Rodriguez, the govemor of the Barrio of the
Hyerbipiamos, 1726, took his name from him.
The earliest record of the Rodriguez famUy in San Antonio is
that of Joseph Antonio Rodriguez, of CoahuUa. He received two land
grants; one in 1736 and the other in 1759.
The grant of October 11, 1736, was for 50 varas square, in San
Fernando, fronting on the square to the south of the Presidio where
he had a jacal, his dwelling. This grant was made by the Govemor
in accordance with faculties conceded him by H. M., for founding
Pueblos, and the partition of lands and water rights, t o settlers and
discoverers of these provinces: law 1. titulo 12, book 4, of the Nueva
RecopUacion. I t was understood that the grant could not be convert-
ed into ecclesiastical property, and that the land would be improved
and inhabited within a period of three months, otherwise the grant
would be null and void, and the lands granted to another person, who
might request them and who would fulfU the necessary requirements
of the law. At this time Joseph Antonio Rodriguez testified he had
been in San Antonio from before the founding of the villa (San Fer-
nando, 1731), and had served His Majesty for more than sixteen years
in campaigns against the enemy Indians. His lands were located next
to those of Juan Joseph Flores.
Joseph Antonio Rodriguez was one of the claimants in San Anto-
nio during the residencia of the Sandoval administration, in 1738, at
which time he testified that he was a resident of the Adaes; and that
for the purpose of making his Uving, and for the support of his wife
and children, he had come to the presidio of San Antonio with some
trinkets (Chucherias), made by his wife, to sell them to the various
soldiers. He added that when he had tried to collect 150 pesos owed
him Sandoval refused to support his claims.^s He was no friend of
Sandoval's.
I. Joseph Antonio Rodriguez m. to that date, 1759. some of the fam-
. . . , , _ . i_î j.i_ ihes had gone over t o Mexico, usual-
Antoma del Toro, probably the iy saitiiio, for the purpose of fulfilling
their
rifliiffhtpr of Josenh del TOTO* religious duties. Juana Francis-
a a u g m e r 01 tio&epn a c i -LOJTU. ^ m lgt m 7 Juan Jos6 Ce baiios.
1 Juana Francisca, b. 1736, t h e first per- from San Francisco Xavier de Gui-
son baptised by the Bishop in 1769. guedo; t h e son of J u a n Cebaiios a n d
The record of this series of baptisms Juana Mancilla. Juana and J u a n J o -
in San Antonio, over a period of sev- se had:
eral days, is a good summary of t h e i Maria Teresa, b . 1752; m. J u a n
families a n d their children born in Romero.
San Antonio, from the earliest times Juana Francisca m. 2nd, 1752;
133 "A. G." Mex., "Historia," 1737, pp. 478-479.
Carlos Celes de la Torre. Pena); and m. 2nd, Josefa de Es-

2 Francisco Xavier, b. 1742, q. s
3 Juana Gertrudis, m. 1756, Tomas AI- trada. By the 1st m.:
vares Travieso (Vicente and Maria 1 Maria Gertrudis, m. June 6. 1821, Jo-
Ana Curbelo) ; godparents at this m., se Sandoval (Pedro and Maria de San-
Geronimo Rodriguez and his wife, Ger- ches, natives of Spain).
trudis Garcia. 2 Jose Maria Marcos, b. 1801, became a
4 Josefa, conf. 1759; m. 1748, Asencio priest and d. in Mexico .
del Raso. 3 Maria Josefa Isabel, b. 1802; m. Au-
gust 20, 1821, Manuel de Yturri Cas-
5 Francisco Mariano, b. 1745. tillo (Pelayo and Maria Josefa Acorta,
6 ? Maria Luisa Rosalia del Carmen, b. natives of Spain).
1752; m. Diego Menchaca (Marcos and
Josefa Cadena) ; or this m. with Ma- By the 2nd m.:
ria Luisa, daughter of Juana Fran- 4 Jose Maria, had Juan.
cisca, by her 2nd m. with Carlos Ve- 5 Mariano, d.: S. A.
les de la Torre? 6 Tomas, m. Susana Rodriguez (Ambro-
cio and Maria de Jesus Olivarri):
II. Francisco Xavier (2), b. 1742; i Tomas A., Jr., lived in Monterrey.
m. Vizenta Travieso (Vicente and ii Carolina.
iii Ambrocio, m. Lillian Boult: Helen.
Maria Ana Curbelo), sister of To- iv Maria m. Selig Deutschman
(his 1st wife): Ruth, and Han-
mas, who m. his sister Juana nah.
Gertrudis Rodriguez. 7 Maria Josefa, b. 1849.
8 Juan Francisco, b. 1853: lived on his
1 Ignacio Miguel, b. 1770. father's grant near the San Pedro
2 Juana Gertrudis Candelaria, b. 1773- Park.
3 Antonia. m. Manuel Delgado (see 9 Antonia, m. 1st, Erasmo Seguin (Jose
Francisco and Catalina de los Santos). Ignacio and Maria Montes); and m.
4 Maria Rosalia, b. 1774 . 2nd, Tomas Code, by whom: Tomas, J r .
5 Maria Antonia, b, 1775. 10 Maria, m. Rafael Martines: Hortense,
6 Jose Andres Mariano, b. 1777, q. s. lived in Niagara Falls, N. Y.
L J u a n Jose h
HI. Mariano (6), b. 1777, captain P Francisco Rodn-
1162
in the Spanish army; essentially S ' witness in San Antonio in
1724 m
a miUtary man. In the time of > - Catarina Leal (Juan Leal
Goraz and
Santa Ana, he was in the actual Catarina Rodriguez):
Francisco Xavier b 1752: hU
command of the military forces * parents at christening
' " *od
were Martin
Lorenzo de Armas and Maria Granado.
in San Antonio. The records of 2 Juan Joseph, b. 1754.
the Mexican Government, says 3 Juan Francisco, conf. 1759; with god-
Rrodriguez, show that at that father, Ignacio Lorenzo de Armas.
time he was authorized to organ- II. Francisco Xavier (?), no rec-
ize, and did organize a regiment ord of date of birth or his par-
called the "San Fernando Rang- ents), m. 1776, Juana Travieso:
1 Juan Antonio Margil, b. 1778.
ers." He went with Santa Ana 2 Joseph Francisco, b. 1781.
after the battle of San Jacinto to n . Francisco Xavier (?), m. 2nd,
1800
Uve in Mexico, and remained » Antonia Ruiz (Joseph Ma-
n
there until after the treaty of uel and Manuela de la Pena):
Guadalupe Hidalgo, and then re- 1 Jose de los Santos, b. 1804.
2 Maria Luisa, b. 1808; the baptismal
turned to San Antonio. After record states that her parents were
Francisco Rodriguez and Antonia Ruiz;
this, he found a great deal of his and that her grandparents were Juan
land had been taken from him by Jose Rodriguez and Catarina de los
Santos; there is no record, however,
fictitious law suits, and he spent of a daughter, Catarina, born to Joseph
the remainder of his life trying Leal and Ana de Ios Santos, so the
de los Santos is probably her given,
to recover his property. He d. at and not her family name.
3 Jose Maria Anselmo, b. 1811.
the beginning of the C M War. Rodfiguez, of SaltUlo, m.
U4 He m. 1st, 1800 at the M K - Marce£ de ^
sion Concepcion, with special dis- x Benita
pensation, Maria de Jesus Carva- 2 Ana Maria, conf. 1759.
s
jal (Francisco and Trinidad de la %__%$£: Z S m . "nil SSS"R£
134 Rodriguez. J. M. "Memoirs," Alejo Ch&vez bas his will.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 75
don; and m. 3rd. 1763 Toribio de So- Joseph RodrigUCZ MederOS, m.

sa (Joseph and Gertrudis de Rojas). 2nd
n _ •-> •' x i ••«• - _
Marcos Rodriguez y Vaca, m. » Encarnacion Leal (Jose and
AjaA
Maria Teresa Ximenes (she m. Santos); by whom:
1
***** i n An TM-errs. Do«iA-«-i . Maria Ines Tiburcia, b. 1767; m, 1780,
zna, 1 I t i, U i e g O I t a m o n ; . J o s 4 M a n u e l Flores (Nicolas and Maria
1 Antonio Nepo., and Villa uAlpando):
2 Seliamo, twins, b. 1744. , * J a n a Francisca, b. 1805.
« T * J. • * ,„-•« A ^ • -.r 2 Joseph Anselmo, b. 1768.
3 Juan Antonio, conf. 1759. Antonio Va- 3 Tomas b 1770
ca was one of the richest merchants 4 J o s < § p ^ d e n d o . ' m. 1793. Teresa San-
of his time. 135. cheg> of Villa Tome N e w Mexico> who
came to San Antonio in 1783; she
w a s the dau hter of Jos
RODRIGUEZ MEDEROS « e Sanches and
Josefa Gallego.
Joseph Rodriguez Mederos m. 5h^ff'IKdri^ from the
Sebastiana
son:
VUlarba and their A d a e s > w a s a w i t n e s s ta S a n ^
tonio in 1727. Christoval Nicolas
Mateo, from Castile, m. 1st, Rodriguez m. Josefa Maldonado:
1759, Polonia de la Parra (AntO- 1 Asencio. m. 1st. Maria Zapopa Flores
nio, the Frenchman and Ana £ ^ J ^ 5 ^ d/t-STS
Montemayor); parents of Jose m. 2nd, 1759, josefa de sosa (Joseph
•«-._,_' v. irrco Miguel and Feliciana de Carvajal):
M a r * a , D. l / O Z . i j o s e p h Luis, b. 1769. 137.
DE LOS SANTOS COY
Nicolas de los Santos Coy was a soldier with the Ramon Expedi-
tion, 1716. He is not mentioned in avaUable records.
Diego de los Santos Coy and his wife Maria Farias had a son:
Christoval, the school master, m. Maria Curbelo, wid. of Joseph Bueno
de Rojas, in 1749; parents of Ana Maria Gertrudis, b. 1750; who re-
ceived a property in the Potrero (north side of present Commerce
St.) from her mother, November 3, 1784;iss Juan, b. 1753; Gertrudis Ro-
salia, b. 1754, d. y.; and Juan Ignacio, b. 1756.
Ignacio de los Santos Coy received a grant from the Spanish
Govemment, November 5, 1797; Political and Military Governor, Col-
onel Manuel Munos, instructing Don Vicente Amador to give posses-
sion. 139 At that time he had already been clerk or sacristan of the
Holy Church, and inhabitant of the VUla of San Fernando for many
years. For his services and merits, he was granted two properties
from the secularized lands of the San Antonio de Valero Mission. One
135 " B . A.," 4-30-1797. See De Los Santos Coy.
136 Maria Juliana is mentioned in the "B. A.," 1-13-1778.
137 Jose Christoval Rodriguez, b. in Villa of Monclova, volunteered in San Antonio,
Nov. 3, 1795, B. A., "Extracto," Dec. 1795.
138 "Sp. Ar.," II, 290. Antonio Flores sold the house and lot left him by his grand-
mother, Gertrudis' de los Santos Coy, in her will dated Oct. 4, 1828, to Juan* Martin Vera-
mendi (deed dated April 6, 1831) ; this property was in the street that went to the 1 "Alameda",
in the "barrio" know as the "potrero," bounded north by the river, east by the house and
kitchen of Ana Maria Gonzales, and west by the house and lot of Alexandre Vidal.—C-I, 206.
In another transfer of four "suertes" of land with 48 hours water rights, in the Upper
Labor of the Valero, to Jose Antonio de la Garza (deed dated August 28, 1837), Maria Ger-
trudis de Ios Santos Coy was said to have been the wife of Antonio Rodriguez Vaca. Her
only heir was her grandson, Don Jose Antonio. This deed was executed originally in the pre-
sence of the Baron de Bastrop, who was the Alcalde Constitucional of 2nd vote, April 11,
1823.—C-I, 108.
139 "Sp. Ar.," II. 309-311.
was in the place called "de la Capillita," bounded north by the Cami-
no Real, going from the mission south; east, by the road going to the
lower missions; and west, by the suerte of [Jose de] Zepeda. The
other was on the river, which was used for a homestead. At this time
Don Ignacio also testified that he was without land for cultivation
and for a home, and that he was badly in need of it, as he had a
large famUy, of five sons and six daughters.
I. Ignacio de los Santos Coy, b. I. Juan Francisco de los Santos
1752, m. Ramona de la Garza, b. (Coy?) m. Juana Gregoria de
1754: Lara (Luna) and their son:
1 Maria Luisa, b. 1783. 1 Francisco, b. a t the Adaes, 1766, ac-
2 Maria Barbara, b. 1785; m. 1805, Lu- cording to the " B . A.," m. 1786, Ma-
ciano Nunez. ria Ignacia Monjaras, b. 1767, t h e
3 Maria Guadalupe, m. 1813, Jose An- daughter of Sebastian Monjaras, a
tonio Peres (Joaquin and Jesusa Gon- tailor, from Coahuila. according to t h e
zales) ; parents of Luisa Cornelia, b. 1793 Census, and Maria Gertrudis Flo-
1814. res. Maria Ignacia had three sisters:
4 Jose Ramon Agapito ,b. 1787. m. Re- Maria de la Concepcion, b. 1770; Ma-
fugia Mandurano (Juan Jose and An- ria Esmeregilda, b. 1773; Maria Ger-
tonia Maria Martines) ; parents of Juan trudis, b. 1777; and one brother, Jose
Francisco Candelaria ,b. 1815, m. 1853, Roberto, b. 1772. Francisco and Ma-
Teresa Flores. ria Ignacia h a d :
5 Jose Victor Faciencia, b. 1789. i Jose Antonio, b. 1789.
6 Jose Ignacio Damacio, b. 1791; m. Ma- ii Maria Josefa Florencia, b. 1794.
ria Gertrudis Alderete (Jose Gomez and Agustin de Ios Santos Coy m.
Josefa Gonzdlez) ; parents of Jose Gua- Luisa Ramon, (probably the daugh-
dalupe, b. 1812; and Gertrudis Flo- ter of Diego Ramon and Gertru-
rencia, b. 1814. dis Flores), and they had: Jose
7 Jose Antonio Abad Favian Sebastian, Antonio, b. 1798; with godfather,
b. 1794. Juan Ramon.
8 Guadalupe Ramona. b. 1795.
9 Jose Maria Tiburcio, b. 1798.
I. Jose Antonio de los Santos Coy,
I. Pedro Joseph de los Santos m. Josefa Barbosa (she m. 2nd,
Coy and Maria Antonia Gomez Luis Maldonado; she d. 1823,
had: leaving 3 daughters and 1 son):
1 Joaquin, a soldier at La Bahia, m. 1 Manuela, m .Bern. Hernandez.
1756, Antonia Barbara Galvan (Lieut. 2 Jose, q. s.
Juan, and Francisca Xa. Maldonado):
i Joseph Miguel, b. 1757.
n . Jose Dolores (2), m. Jesusa
ii Teresa Francisca, b. 1759; prob- Martines:
ably the wife of Rafael Navare- 1 Antonio Fernando, b. ca 1814.
te ; who had: 2 Jose Nicolas, b. ca. 1818, q. s.
a Josefa, m. Jose Antonio Dias
(Salvador and Brigida Rodri- i n . Jose Nicolas (2), m. 1842, Lu-
guez), Jose Polonia, b. 1817. cia Cantu (Jesus and Maria Gor-
Concepcion Dias, Jose Anto-
nio's sister, m. 1793, Marcos tari):
Xaime. 1 Maria de Jesus, b. 1847, probably d. y.
b Cipriana, m. 1812, Jose P . Ta- 2 Maria de Jesus, b. 1848.
pia. 3 Maria Elena, b. 1849, m. Manuel de
c Maria de la Luz, m. 1st. 1802, Carvajal.
Ignacio de la P e n a ; and m. 4 Maria Lucia, m. Jose Luis Carvajal.
2nd, 1816, Joaquin Ramon. 5 Jose Lisandro.
I. Joseph de los Santos Coy m. 6 Jose Nicolas. 141.
Josefa de Urrutia: I. Jose Segundo de los Santos
1 Maria Andrea, b. 1768.
Coy, the Cabo, m. Teresa Rosas
2 Maria de la Soledad ,b. 1771. (she m. 2nd, Joaquin Sais, the
3 Maria Antonia Ursula, b. 1778; m. Alferez, by whom: Anastacia, m.
1794, Juan Jose Zepeda (Marcos and
Justa Travieso): Mateo CasUlas):
i Maria, probably m. Jose Maria 1 Jose Antonio, m. Guadalupe Calder6n
Maria Veramendi, 1801, though (Juan Jose and Maria Niebes Curbelo).
the records do not give the names 2 Trinidad, q. s.
of the parents of Maria in ques- 3 Maria Luisa, probably m. Nepomuceno
tion. 140. Hernandez:
140 Another Maria Antonia de los Santos (Coy?) m. Jos£ Escobedo, and their son J o -
s£ Miguel, m. 1812, Manuela Garcia, from the Punta de Lampazos.
141 For the last two. see Lucia Cantu's will, dater 1838.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 77
i Juan Francisco. 6 Juan, m. 1867, Manuela Rios: P.,

ii Jesus. Floresville.
iii Susana. 142 7 Emmet, m . : P.
4 Antonia. who, according to the m. 8 Andres, m. Anita Sanchez:
record, 1826, of Rumaldo Peres, was i Anita.
the daughter of "Francisco" de los ii David, m. Virginia Baumberger.
Santos Coy and his wife "Teresa Ro- iii Alejandro.
jas." iv Juan Andres, b. June 26, 1873;
5 Carmen, deceased, leaving a minor and m. 1897, Antonia Hernandez (Pe-
only child; Alexandro Travieso. 143. dro and Antonia Salinas) ; parents
H. Trinidad (2), the Cabo, m. of Andres, m. Gladys Bull; and
Catherine, who m. George Mol-
1830, Maria Ignacia Gonzales teni, by whom George, and Cath-
(Manuel and Maria Jaime). Ac- erine Jane.
9 Jacobo, m. 1st. 1869, Preciliana Gar-
cording to this church record, za; wbose sister, Jesusa, lived in the
Trinidad was the son of "Pablo" homestead of their deceased mother, Ra-
faela Mendoza. 145.
de los Santos Coy and his wife i n . Jacobo (9)
"Jesusa Rosas." Trinidad and and PreciUana
Garza had:
Maria Ignacia had: 1 Cecilia, b. 1871.
1 Teresa de Jesus, b. 1834. 2 Carrie, m. Gus Goldberg; parents of:
2 Maria Isidora, b. 1832. Catherine, Elizabeth, and Herman.
Trinidad de los Santos Coy, 3 Adela, b. 1877, m. Aug. Langwell:
i Grace, m. John F. Cayton; and
who d. 1888, m. Maria de Refugio had Grace, and John Luther.
Vara; by whom: ii August, m. Pauline H a r t ; and
had August.
1 Jose Manuel, b. 1848; m. 1870, Ale- iii Corine.
jandra Coleman (Alejandro and Mar- iv Lee R.
tina Dias). Juana Francisca Dias. who v EarL
m. Aniseto Martinez, d. intestate, with- vi Margarite.
out issue; among the heirs were: Do- vii Mary.
mingo Dias, Josefa Dias. and Martina 4 Mamie, m. M_ Mufioz,
Dias, m. to Domingo Rodriguez. An-
dres Coy, m. to Anita Sanches, and 5 Martin Lee, m. Lucile Ballard.
Juan Howard, also appeared, as did 6 Adolph, m. Annie Doton; parents of
Andres Garza and Jose Arellano. 144 Jacobo, Tomas, Adolph, and Roland.
Jose Manuel and Alejandra had: 7 Jacobo ,b. January 9, 1873, m.
i Alejandro, m. 1908, Antonia Tre- 8 Federico. q. s.
vifio (Jose Ignacio and Maria Je- Jacobo, m. 2nd, 1905, Virginia Gomez
sus Ortiz), (Luis and Juana Ibarra, of San Luis
ii Manuel. Potosi, Mexico); and they had a son,
living in (California). 146
2 Ildefonso. b. 1850.
3 Trinidad (daughter), b. 1862. IV. Federico (8) b. January 21,
4 Antonio Paulino, b. 1854.
5 Refugia, m. Jose Maria Delgado; pa- 1895, m. Josephine Michon:
rents of Jose Maria, Trinidad, Henry, 1 Dillard, q. s.
Eduardo and Cuca. 2 Stella.
142 "Juana Maria" de los Santos Coy, m. Nepo. Hernandez.—San Fernando archives,
1821. In 1851, the only heirs of Maria Luisa Coy, Juan Francisco, Jesus and Susana Her-
nandez, sold their property on the south side of Commerce St., to August Nette. This prop-
erty, they stated, was inherited by their mother, as one of the lawful heirs of her mother,
Tresa Rosas.—K-l, 190. In 1873 Geneviva Hernandez, m. to Juan Rodriguez, was the ad-
ministratrix of the estate of Juan Hernandez Coy, when she was interested in the undivided
half interest in property on the west side of Laredo St., bounded north by Tomas Perez and
south by land formerly owned by Susana Hemdndez.—W-2, 511 and 157.
143 Probate Cases, No. 81, Addicks vs. Morrell, Estate of Carmen Coy, Petition for Parti-
tion, filed Nov. 15, 1851. *._,„.
Teresa Rosas, who d. 1834, left the lot, fronting on the south of Mam or Commerce St.,
about 8 varas, described in the F . Giraud Survey, "Commencing a t the northwest corner of a
lot of land formerly belonging to Andres Benito Courbier; thence with Commerce St., north
. . . 6*| varas to the cor. of the alley 6 varas wide, and which divided this lot of land from
one belonging to the heirs of the late Manuel Yturri Castillo, dec'd., thence with said alley
. . . 40 v a r a s ; thence . . . 11J varas; thence . . . to the place of beginning" bounded on the
east by said lot formerly belonging to Andres Benito Courbier, now the property of Josefa
Courbier, wife of Manuel Flores, on the south by a lot that intervenes and divides the lot
herein described from the lot belonging to Manuela de los Santos; and on the west by the
alley aforesaid This lot was held by Teresa Rosas 12 yrs. or more, previous to her death;
she purchased it after the death of her 2nd husband.
144 Deed Records, Vol. 48, p .80. Maria Gertrudis de los Santos Coy transferred a lot on
the south side of Main St., to the husband of Maria Josefa Dias, daughter of Pablo Dias.—
G-l, 306.
145 Deed Records, Vol. 26, p. 850.
146 The writer is obliged to Dillard Coy for assistance in compiling this genealogy.
V. Dillard (1) m. Irene Turner: VI. John Dillard (named for John
1 J o h n Dillard, q. s. K. Webber)
T HE three families which follow, De La Garza, Martinez and Cantu,

were, according to Leonardo de la Garza and the Rodriguez
Memoirs, "natives of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, and came to Texas with
Domingo Ramon in 1716." They were probably among the additional
personnel mentioned by Ramon in his diary and correspondence.
DE LA GARZA
Christoval de la Garza m. Antonia Guerra, in 1722. She was the

daughter of Miguel and Josefa Longoria.
3 Manuel del C a r m e n , b . 1756.
I. Geronimo de la Garza m. Xa- 4 M a t i a s Casimiro, b . 1758.
viera Cantu. They were both 5 A n a Josefa, b . 1759.
6 M a r i a Josefa, b. 1760, d. y. ( ? ) .
from Nuevo Leon. They had: 7 M a r i a J o s e fa Refugia, b . F e b r u a r y 19,
1 Geronimo, m . 1744, J u a n a Alcala ( T r e - 1763; m . 1779, L a z a r o de Torres , w h o
viiio?). T h e r e is record of t h e d e a t h w a s killed i n 1786 in battle, under
of Geronimo de la G a r z a , October 28, c o m m a n d of General J u a n de U g a l d e .
1749; his wid. J u a n a Trevifio d. t h e M a r i a Josef a Refugia, m. 2nd, J o s e
same y e a r . Leonardo F l o r e s de Valdes. M a r i a a n d
2 Maria Rosa, b . 1730, Lazaro h a d :
3 Leonardo Hipolito, b . in S a n A n t o n i o , i Guadalupe , m . Simon O l i v a r r i .
1731, conf. 1759; q. s. 8 M a r i a G e r t r u d i s, b . 1765.
4 Salvador, b . 1745; m . E u g e n i a de la 9 J o s e p h V e n t u r a , b . J u l y 5, 1 7 6 8 ; m .
Maza R o m e r o, b . 1750: 1791, Concepcion F a r i a s (Toribio a n d
i A n t o n i o , b . 1764. A n a M a r i a de A r o c h a ) .
ii J o s e p h Alejos, b . 1768. 10 Polonia R a f a e l a , b . 1773.
iii M a r i a Josefa, b . 1771. 11 J o s e A n t o n i o ( ? ) b . ? 1784. q. s.
iv M a r i a Gertrudis, b . 1772.
v M a r i a Josefa C a y e t a n a , b . 1775.
i n . Jose Antonio (U), "was the
vi J o s e Manuel, b . 1777. youngest son of Leonardo de la
vii M a r i a Manuela S a t u r n i n a , b . 1780.
viii J u a n Antonio, b . 1784. Garza and was born in San An-
ix M a r i a Luisa, b . 1786. tonio in the Garza House on the
5 Josefa.
6 J o a q u i n , d. 1748. comer of Acequia and Veramendi
7 J o a q u i n , m . 1754, E f i g e n i a L e a l ( J u a n
and Marina) :
Streets on the 30th of May, 1776
i J o s e p h M a r t i n , conf. 1759, god- and baptised 18 days after birth,
f a t h e r , Xavier G o n z a l e s ; m . 1773,
E s t e f a n a Alvares Travieso , siste r
June 7th, and in that house he
of F r a n c i s co a n d d a u g h t e r of T o - lived and died." He m. 1st, 1813,
m a s a n d Gertrudis R o d r i g u e z ; p a -
r e n t s of J u a n J o s e p h Mateo, b . Gertrudis Rivas (Capt. Francisco
1774, m . Maria G e r t r u d i s U r e n a
(Mariano and Juliana Fuentes).
and Josefa de los Santos, of Sal-
J o s e p h Manuel, b . 1 7 7 6 ; J o s e p h tillo) ; m. 2nd, July 20, 1824, Ma-
Vicente, b . 1 7 7 7; M a r i a M a u r i -
cia A n d r e a ,b. 1 7 7 8 ; a n d M a n u e l
Margarita Chaves). Jose Antonio
M a r t i n , b . 1781. ria Josefa Menchaca (Jose and
II. Leonardo (3) m. February 27, and Gertrudis had:
1752, Magdalena Martines (Mar- 1 Carmen.
2 Vicente.
celino and Ildefonsa de Castro; b. 3 Rafael (Jose Rafael Calixto), b . 1 8 1 8 ;
m . 1st, J o s e f a de V e r a m e n d i :
1735): i Adolfo, a n officer in t h e Mex-
1 Simon, conf. 1759; m . M a r i a Luisa de ican a r m y ; buried in t h e P a n -
la F u e n t e : t h e o n in Mexico City ( S a n F e r -
i J o s e p h Manuel Salvador , b . 1775, do).
m . 1811, M a r i a M a u r i c i a Flores ii J u a n M., m . Gertrudi s S a n d o v a l :
( P e d r o a n d I g n a c i a Mireles). Ralph, and others.
ii M a r i a Simona, b . 1778. iii V i c t o r i a, m . D r . W, Merick.
2 Maria P o l i n a r i a . m . M a r i a n o Delgado Rafael, m . 2nd M a r i a A n t o n i a Ve-
(Francisco a n d C a t a l i n a de los S a n - ramendi :
tos). i Fernando.
•Z S:'—_sSi£s£l.' '•_•
SPANISH-MEXICANS 79
ii Rafaela. m. Pedro. Duque de Es- aged 21, and came to San Antonio in
trada: P. 1844, by way of Galveston. He had a
Jose Antonio (11). and his 2nd relative in San Antonio. He was a sur-
wife, Maria Josefa Menchaca had: veyor.
4 Rudecinda, "Saint Magdalena," Moth- i John, b. 1851, m. Esther Miles; pa-
er Superior, Ursuline Convent, San An- rents of Edward, m. Miss Meyer;
tonio. by whom: Edward, Mary Esther,
5 Margarita, m. Feb. 15, 1848, James L. Francis, John Carroll, and Grace;
Trueheart (George Washington and Mary (m. Louis Strieber, of
Frances Garland Overton) of Virginia: Yorktown, Texas; by whom: eight
i James L., b. June 27, 1854; d. ch.) Esther, (m. A. G. Castanola,
May 16, 1926; m. Minnie Cook; Sr., both dec'd).
They h a d : Percy, d.: S. A., and ii Charles, m. Petra Flores (Pedro),
James, m. Harriet Dobie; parents iii Elizabeth,
of James, iv Mary.
ii John O., b. Nov. 11, 1855. v Josephine, m. Edward Trueheart.
iii Edward G., b. Aug. 9, 1859; m. vi Grace.
1st, Josephine Crawford: vii Agnes, d.; m. W. Jackson of
a Helen, m Fred Hoit; parents Arkansas; parents of William, Jr.,
of Myrtice, Dorothy Anne, and Corpus Christi, Texas.
Mary Elizabeth, 10 Leonardo, q. s.
b Lawrence, m. Harriet Lille, of
Littleton, Colorado; -pa- IV. Leonardo (10), compiler of
rents of Catherine Agnes, and the De la Garza Notes, and re-
Edna,
c Crawford, m. Alma Shafer searcher in the San Fernando
(sister of Fulton),
d Margarite, j n . Alfred Percy
Cathedral archives. He is said to
(New York), have coined the first money in
iv Frances O. ("Fannie"), b. July
1, 1861; m. General Antonio Ca-
Texas, in the old De La Garza
nales. of Mexico; parents of Mar- house. 1 ^
garita, m. Jose Ornelas; by whom:
Margarita, in Tampico, Mexico, His homestead was just off
v Henry M. ("George"), d .Dec. 26,
1929; m. Annie Green: Broadway, River Avenue, on pre-
a George,
b John Dudley.
sent North Alamo Street. Leo-
c Annie Rose, m. Marion Hair, nardo m. CaroUna Callaghan;
vi Anthony R., twins, b. Dec. 2.
1866; m. Annie F a y ; parents of
they had:
Ardeen. 147. 1 Josephine, m. Edward F. O'Brien; pa-
6 Carolina, m. Bart De Witt, of Phila- rents of Carry, m. Mr. Bowden (Mex-
delphia : ico City) ; Josephine, Wilmer, Mary,
i Bart. Stephen, and Edward M., d.
ii Blake, m. Martha Garica, living 2 Leonard, q. s.
at Espada Mission, 3 Bryan, d.: S. A.
iii Catherine, m. Franklin De Hymel; 4 Joseph, m.: P. (Brownsville).
parents of six daughters and four 5 Carrie, m. Elliot C. Howe: P. (Min-
sons; Blanco Road. den. La.)
iv Joseph. m. Elizabeth Cornell 6 Edward, d. July. 1932; father of
(Brackettville) ; parents of Bart. Catherine, and Edward.
m. (Dallas), William (Chicago), 7 Rafael, S. A.
and Ralph, m. (Alvin, Texas). 8 George, m. Cora Grobe, of Fredericks-
v Caroline. b u r g : S. P.
7 Elena, m. Manuel de Yturri Castillo.
8 Joseph Rafael, "was killed at the V. Leonard (2), b. Oct. 3, 1872; m.
9
Battle of Mansfield, La.".
Josephine, m. Dec. 10, 1849, Carroll
Charlotte Sweeney:
Crawford, a Protestant, with witnes- 1 Leonard James, q. s.
ses: John Twohig, Elena Elliot, James 2 Alfred, m. Catherine Alsburry:
Trueheart and Fernando Sandoval. i Elizabeth,
John Crawford was b. Mt. Vernon, Ky. ii Charlotte.
(John Carroll Crawford of Virginia). 3 Leslie, m. Mary Jane Carter:
He left home when he was 13 years i Geraldine.
of age, entered the navy as a mid- 4 Charlotte, m. Wade Lewis:
shipman on the frigate "Brandywine," i Wade, Jr.
resigned his lieutenancy of the navy. ii Charlotte Ann.
147 For the Trueheart genealogy, see Chabot, "Perote Prisoners," (Trueheart Diary), and
"Trueheart Papers," Rosenberg Library, Galveston.
John O. Trueheart, brother of James L., was in San Antonio as a ranger under Jack
Hays. He m, Ann Minor. Among their nine children were Dr. Charlie W. and Henry
Martyn, father of Mrs. Sally Williams, of Galveston, and of Mrs. S. (Elvira) Howard, of
San Antonio.
148 His biography is given in Daniell. L. E. "Personnel of the Texas State Government,"
San Antonio. 1892, which work includes an illustration of the coins.
VI. Leonard James (1), Major, the Wolf and Marx Store is now
U.S.A., m. Catherine Tepfer: situated; formerly known as the
1 Catherine, d. y. Rand Building. The origmal De
2 James, q. s.
La Garza home, bmlt on this site
VII. James (2). in 1734, according to the Garza
Joaquin de la Garza, son of family tradition, was always oc-
Geronimo and Xaviera Cantu, re- cupied by members of the famUy,
ceived a grant of land from the and usuaUy the oldest son of the
Spanish Crown in 1773, along generation; it was in its day, one
with his son Martin. It was of the oldest landmarks in the
bounded on the north by the city.i49
river; east, unclaimed; south, un-
claimed; and west by lands of The De La Garza, at one time,
Felipe de Luna. Three years were among the greatest land
later, 1778, Martin de la Garza re- holders of the city. Their inter-
ceived a grant, bounded on the ests included both city and coun-
north and west by the Acequia try property. To quote Fulmore:
Madre; south, Miguel Leal; and "Their loyalty to Texas as a pro-
east by Angel AngUnio. In this vince of Spain, a State of Mexico,
connection Martin de la Garza of the United States, and of the
emphasized the fact that his Southern Confederacy, inspired
mother was one of the origmal the Legislature of Texas, in. 1876,
Canary Island settlers, that her to erect a monument to the me-
famUy were among the first set- mory of the fanuly by naming a
tlers of San Fernando, and he county 'Garza.'"
also stated that his father's fam- Miguel de la Garza m. Maria
Uy was one of the first to found Cantu, in 1725. Witnesses at this
the Presidio; and that he himself ceremony were: Alonzo Garcia de
was always ready for service, as Quintavilla, Pedro Reglado, and
one of the principal men of the Francisco VUlarreal de Urrutia,
Plaza of the Presidio, in the all from Monterrey. Miguel and
Guardia, the Customs, or else- Maria had a son Joseph Joaquin,
where. conf. 1759.
The widow of Geronimo de la I. Miguel de la Garza m. Maria
Garza, Xaviera Cantu, had oc- Ignacia Hernandez (Andres and
cupied her homestead for years; Juana de Olios ), in 1751:
1 Maria Gertrudis, conf. 1759.
in 1736, October 20th, Govemor 2 Ramona, m. 1776, Jacinto Delgado.
Carlos de Franquis Benites de 3
4
Maria Paula, b. 1767.
Maria Josefa Polonia, b. 1768.
Lugo had the land measured off, 5 Joseph Joaquin, b. 1772.
and she was granted, in the name 6 Joseph Venicio, b. 1775.
of the Crown, a square of fifty Jose Antonio de la Garza, b. 1762,
varas. The boundaries were: m. Clara Ximenes, b. 1756: Jose
south, Manuel Carvajal; north, Antonio, b. 1781; Pedro de la Gar-
vacant; east, Juan Banul, with a za, b. 1764, m. Guadalupe Xime-
street between; and west, a street. nes, b. 1759: Jose Melchoir, b. 1789;
This was the square fronting on JuUana de la Garza, b. 1730, was
Houston St., between Main Ave- a widow ih 1790, with a son, Jose
nue and Soledad Street, where Flores, b, 1762.iso
149 See "S. A. Express," March 31. 1912.

150 The last three, according to the "B. G."
SPANISH-MEXICANS 81
I. Pedro Jose, nat. of Camargo, son nuela de los Nieves Garcia:

i Maria Antonia de la Trinidad, b.
of Santiago and Maria Teresa de 1783.
la Garza, received land grants in Juan probably m. 2nd. Maria Ca-
sillas:
Texas, including the Rancho Santa ii Maria Concepci6n. b. 1786.
4 Joseph Maria, b. 1780.
Rosa in Hidalgo County; obtained 5 Juana Ignacia.
permission for rounding up cattle 6 Carlos, q. s.
7 Maria Ignacia.
(1790-1793); m. Maria Guadalupe II. Carlos (6), b. 1734; received a
(dau. of Juan de la Cruz Jimenez grant in 1775; it measured 80 va-
and Maria Perez), b. in San Anto- ras; and was situated north of
nio; they had: the lot of Marcos Montes, south
II. Melchoir, b. Laredo St., Novem- of the lot of Bartolo Seguin, east
ber 1790; d. 1849; m. FeUciana Mon- of the Creek and was bounded on
toya, nat. of New Mexico; resident the east by a street. In 1783 Car-
of Nacogdoches; she d. 1871; they los Martmez received another
had: grant and in the apphcation he
1 Jose Miguel.
2 Jose Antonio, q. s. stated that he was a descendant
3
4
Guadalupe, m. Francisco Leal.
Concepcion.
of the first settlers of the presi-
5 Maria Francisca, m. a Montes. dio; that he had served as a
6 Soledad, m. Toribio Villastrigo: soldier for over sixteen years,
i Trinidad, m. Patjricio Vallejo:
a Patricio, Jr., m. Elizabeth Fel- had risked his Ufe many times,
m a n : Pauline, to whom the writer
is obliged for this lineage, m. Oct. and had never excused himself
14, 1925, St. Mary's Church, San
Antonio, Janies Leo Minahan, and
from service, but was always
had: Patricia Pauline. Mary Ada ready to shed his last drop of
Elizabeth, and James Leo, J r . blood for H. M.; he had been oc-
7 Veronica, m. Trinidad Olivarri.
i n . Jose Antonio (2), m, Telesfora cupied in pursuing the enemy In-
Escalera; they had: dians. Carlos Martinez married
IV. Antonio, m. Blasa Herrera; they Maria Garcia Leal:
1 Joseph Maria de la Concepcion. b.
had: 1761; m. 1786, Barbara de la Zerda,
1 Carolina, m. William Evins: P . son of Francisco Salas, a soldier of
2 Elisa, m. Cecil Llewellyn: P. the same company as Joseph Maria
3 Josef ina, m. David Parrott : P . and Gregorio Perez. Jose Maria Con-
4 Mercedes, m. George D. V a n n : P . cepcion volunteered for military ser-
5 Hortensia. vice, January 28, 1784.
6 Leonor, m. Feb. 15, 1925, Mathias C. 2 Maria Gertrudis, b. 1769.
Trub, (Charles and Mathilda Enriquez, 3 Joseph Manuel, b. 1770; m. 1797, Jua-
of Mexico City): P . na Musquiz (Xavier and Clara San-
doval).
MARTINEZ 4 Joseph Antonio, b. 1772; q. s.
HI. Joseph Antonio (4), m. FeU-
I. Joseph Martinez received a ciana Gamboa:
Royal Grant in 1741, next to Jo- 1 Dionicio, q. s.
2 Jose Leonicio, m. Josefa Nunes (Ro-
sefa de Carvajal, his relative. berto and Isabel or Catarina Losoya):
Mateo de Carvajal was witness. i Jose Basilio, b. 1809.
Joseph Martinez had served over ii Maria Gertrudis, b. 1816.
twenty years in the presidio as a IV. Dionicio (1), m. Josefa Loso-
soldier. He married in 1721, Juana ya (Jose and Catarina Posos):
1 Jose Gabriel Justo, b. 1881, q. s.
de Carvajal (Christoval and Jo-
sefa Guerra) when Mateo de Car- V. Jose Gabriel Justo (1), prob-
vajal and Angela Guerra were ably m. Perfecta Alcantara,
godparents. Joseph and Juana though one record states that her
had: husband was the son of Manuel
1 Angela, b. 1722.
Martmez and Antonia Sanches.
2 Christoval Joseph, b. 1725. Perfecta Alcantara was the
3 Juan Joseph, b. 1728; probably m. Ma-
daughter of Francisco, and Rosa
Flores. Jose and Perfecta had: 3 Maria Josefa, b. 1786.

4 Maria de Jesus, b. 1787.
1 Tomasa, b. "ca" 1823; m. 1841, Eu-
genic Mufioz (Aneiano and Maria Ger- 5 Jose Timoteo, b. 1789.
trudis de los Santos).
2 Maria Jesus, m. 1843, Jose Maria Car.
men Reyes (Silvestre and Severina
CANTU
Pedrasa). Juan (or Francisco) Jose Cantu,
3 Jose Luis, b. 1825.
4 Jose Guadalupe, b. 1830, m. Luzgarda de la Garza:
5 Maria Guadalupe, b. 1832. 1 Josefa. d. 1724.
6 Juan, b. 1840. 2 Juan Joseph, q. s.
Antonio Martmez, who came to 3 Diego, b. 1729; d. 1748.
San Antonio in 1756, from Coa- H. Juan Joseph (probably 2), b.
huila, was the son of Jose Anto- October 8, 1727. Received a Royal
nio and Juana de la Garza. He Grant, November 14, 1749; and at
m. 1760, Maria Dolores Cortinas that time stated that he had been
(Juan and Maria Longoria), left an orphan in his youth, and
widow of Luis Chirino. was living with his father-in-
Jose Manuel Martinez, m. Jua- law. He m. 1748, Josefa Rincon.
na Francisca de Sosa; and they The godparents at this ceremony
had Manuel, b. in San Antonio, were Domingo Flores and Ana
1756.151 Maria Rincon. Juan Joseph and
I. Marcelino Martinez, 152 d. 1760; Josefa Florencia had:
m. June 29, 1728, Alfonsa de Cas- 1
2
son, d. 1749.
Francisco Xavier, b. 1754.
tro y Valdes; the gadparents at 3 Jose Luis, conf. 1759.
this ceremony being Aparicio 4 Jose Joaquin, conf. 1759.
5 Juan Luciano, b. 1757; d. 1758.
Garcia and Ana Maria Valdes, 6 Fabian Sebastian, b. 1763.
7 Juana Josefa, b. 1767,
wife of Joseph Galindo; other 8 Maria Josefa, b. 1768.
witnesses were Diego Valdes, Sar- 9 Juana Maria, b. 1770.
geant Xavier Maldonado and the Pedro Cantii m. Maria Estrada;
soldier Miguel Guerra. Marcelino and they had Joseph Joaquin,
and Alfonsa had: onf. 1759.
1 Joseph Marcelino, q. a. Fernando Cantu m. Antonia
•2 Josefa Catarina, d. y.
3 Joseph Manuel, b. 1730; conf. 1759. VUlareal; and they had Ina Ma-
4
5
Maria Ignacia, b. 1733.
Maria Magdalena, b. January 9, 1735;
ria, conf. 1759.
her godparents being Magdalena Flo- I. Fernando Rodriguez Cantu m.
res and Fermin de Ybiriqu; she m. Maria Santa Menchaca:
Leonardo de la Garza.
6 Teodora, bap. 1743, conf. 1759; m. 1 Pedro Jesus, Cabo, m. Maria de los
1760, Tomas Antonio de Oliva, from Santos Gortari (Miguel Gortari and
the Presidio of San Joseph del P a r r a l ; Concepcion Charle):
his 1st wife had been Petra de Ios i Miguel, b. ca 1811; m. 1841, Ma-
Reyes. ria Gertrudis Navarro (Angel and
7 Juan Ignacio, b. 1746; probably m. Concepcion Cervantes) ; parents
Clara Hernandez (she d. 1823): of Francisco Lisandro, b. 1842; Mi-
i J u a n Maria, b. 1780; m. 1797, guel, Jesus, Faustino, Ubaldo, An-
Marcelo Cervantes. gela, Catarina, and Santa.
ii Maria, b. 1785. ii Lucia, b .ca 1819; m. 1842, Ni-
iii Jose Maria, b. 1787; m. Maria colas de los Santos.
Isidra Montoya (Lorenzo and Ma- iii Jesus, b. co 1823; m. 1846, Tere-
ria Josefa Morales) ; parents of sa Veramendi (Juan and Josefa
Jose Antonio, b. 1823, Navarro).
Joaquin Martinez m. Manuela iv Maria Luisa, be 1818.
v Jose Miguel Felipe, b. 1821.
Zepeda: vi Jose Jesus, b. 1824.
1 Jose Miguel, m. 1803, Maria Loreta vii Vicente, b. 1828; m. Maria Je-
Cantu (Joaquin and Maria Santa Cruz). susa de Carvajal.
2 Jose Ignacio, b. 1785. viii Juan Antonio, b. 1833.
151 " B . A . / ' 1784.

162 Born in 1719, according to his testimony.—"B. A.," 4-27-1776.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 83
H E padres and Ramon, from the very beginning,

had advised and requested more settlers and
more funds for their support. "The presence of
women in the company, and of men equipped
for active settlement, gave it the aspect of a
permanent colonizing enterprise. The elements
which in the earlier effort at settlement, had
offended and irritated the Indians were at this
time, to a great extent, absent; and instead of be-
ing jealous and hostile, the natives were constant-
ly friendly and willing to assist the Spaniards in whatever way they
were required. But the most important difference lay in the changed a t -
titude of the French. Instead of an abandoned fort and a few refugees
scatered among the Indian tribes, Captain Ramon found the rivals of
Spain settled upon Red River, and facing aggressively westward. To
have withdrawn again would have meant surely to abandon Texas to
the French. Moreover, to make permanent the missions established
among the Tejas tribes it was necessary to go further, t o extend t h e
sphere of occupation, and to make a greater show of strength. To this
end a mission and a presidio were soon established upon the San An-
tonio river, a half-way house between the remote settlements on t h e
Neches and Sabinas, and the outlying settlements of Mexico; to facUitate
communication by sea with the home government, a post was estabUsh--
ed on San Bernardo Bay; and in order t h a t they might better control
the Indians and repel the advance of the French, the garrisons of t h e
several missions were increased to an effective force. This time there
was to be no retreat." IBS
The method to which the Spaniards so tenaciously clung, of extend-
ing their jurisdiction by the use of the mission and presidio, precluded
the selection of a district for an establishment that was so thinly pop-
ulated by the Indians as the coast country, and by Indians decidedly
hostile to the encroachments of the white man. When now they were
confronted with the necessity of choosing a location for a settlement
nearer Ro Grande, they determined on other inland missions and pre-
sidios; and t h e headwaters of the San Antonio River, which Saint-
Denis had pointed out as a spot well adapted for the estabUshment of a
city, was selected as t h e site for the first of a line of presidios extend-
ing to the Tejas missions.^ 4
The absence of the venerable, zealous and ever active Father Fray
Antonio de OUvares, from the Ramon Expedition of 1716, is conspicuous.
Le Page du Pratz, who had excellent means of knowing the truth, h a v -
153 Clark, "Louis Juchereau de Saint-Denis," in "Quarterly," VI, 25.

154 Clark, "Beginnings of Texas, 1684-1718," in Bulletin of the Univ. of Tex. No 98
Austin, 1908, p. 70. . . .
ing written his Histoire de Louisiane with the memoirs of Saint-Denis

before him, says (Op. Cit., I, 17. 20) that a jealousy existed between
OUvares and Hidalgo, and that "the latter besought Saint-Denis to pre-
vent OUvares from going on the expedition, on account of his jealous
and turbulent disposition. OUvares, although recommended by the fiscal,
is not to be found among the number of friars."i55 But if Father OUva-
res was excluded from the pleasure of founding missions among the
East Texas tribes by his coUeagues, it was his everlasting glory to inde-
pendently establish a foothold for Spain, at the strategic position on
the San Antonio River, which later became the site for the capital of
the province. "It wUl be noticed that the three important points, the
eastern frontier, Bahia, and Bexar were now aU in the mind of the gov-
emment at the same time. It is mteresting to note how Bexar arose
into prominence as a result of the way in which these plans were ex-
ecuted."^
In the meanwhUe, the padres reported that there was danger from
the French on the eastem frontier; and, as a means of warding it off,
they had planned to found a mission among the Cadodachos. They
asked for 50 men to be settled there as weU as for 50 to be placed in
the country of the Texas. "Reports of the projects of the French for
settling Bahia del Espiritu Santo had increased the fear of the Spaniards
that the whole country would be overrun, and its trade monopohzed.
It was, therefore, thought wise to guard the threatened points."i57
The experienced veteran, Father OUvares, was favorably received
by the viceroy, who requested him to present his plans in writing. So
in November, 1716, OUvares submitted a detailed report of the Texas
Indians, and definitely proposed the formal founding of his mission
on the San Antonio River, which he caUed Mision del Rio de San Anto-
nio de Pddua.iM He brought to the attention of His Excellency the ne-
cessity of a garrison of two soldiers for the mission, as well as the
usual furnishings for the church, provisions for the support of the mis-
sionaries, com and wheat for the subsistence of the Indians, and for
planting, eight beeves, thirty-seven cows, three buUs, and about one
hundred each of sheep and goats, tools for building the church and
houses, cooking utensUs, and presents for the Indians, to include dif-
ferent colored cloths, a dozen and a half hats for the chiefs, beads of
all colors, rosaries, knives, hatchets and tobacco. 169
Father OUvares also requested that his mission San Francisco So-
lano (or San Jose) which he had founded for the Xarame Indians on
the Rio Grande, be transferred to the San Antonio mission, which it
seems, had already come into existence.16*) He explained that the few
155 Clark, "Saint-Denis," in "Quarterly," VI, 19, note 2, and 20, note 4.
156 Austin, "Municipal Government," in Quarterly, VIIL 285.
157 "Quarterly," VIII, 284.
158 'A. G/ Mexico, "Provincias Internas," Vol. 181, 1715-1765, p . 136, "Memoria" of
159 " A . G. I.," Mexico, Transcripts of L. S.. The Univ. of Tex., 2-23-16; 6-9-17, pp.
Fr. Ant. de Olivares, Mexico. November 30, 1716, Espinosa, rubric. See Bolton "Guide," 2 9 :
"Historia", XXVII, 165-169.
62-66, "Memoria razdn."
160 "And according to what is expressed by Father Olivares in another paper in regard
to the requirements for the foundation of the Mission of the San Antonio River, 'de Padua,'
and where he insinuate that Your Excellency knows that it was founded ('fuese fundada')—
"A. G." Mexico. "Provincias Internas," Vol. 181, para. 106, p. 194.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 85
Xarames Indians remaining at San Francisco Solano already knew

how to cultivate the soU, and that they could serve as masters teach
the other nations whom he proposed to reduce: the Paiaias, Sanas,
Pampoas, and surrounding nations, who would eventually gather at the
mission and make up a pueblo of some three or four thousand souls.
"In November, 1716, the fiscal advised several measures."
He encouraged an early occupation of Espiritu Santo Bay, and thus
approved the mission on the San Antonio, along with a well fortified
presidio, within 50 or 60 leagues from the Texas missions; and only 3
or 4 days voyage by water from Veracruz, would make it possible to
fumish suppUes to the missions at a greatly reduced cost of transporta-
tion, to facUitate the speedy expedition of reinforcements in case of
war, as well as to supply the Texas presidios with artiUery, which it
would be impossible to do over a 500-league land route. In any case,
it was very convenient to locate the mission at the site suggested by
iFather OUvares, as it was very advantageously situated between La
Bahia and the Province of the Texas, and as many of the Indians of
the vicmity would gladly become Christians. Besides, this foundation
was necessary, in case that La Bahia should be populated, as a com-
munication with the Province of the Texas; and even if La Bahia should
not ultimately be populated, this site on the San Antonio would stiU
serve as a useful point of observation for the activities of the French.i6i
For the mihtary guard of the mission, eight soldiers could be taken
from the presidio of Captain Ramon, on the Rio Grande, where there
were thirty soldiers; and two could be taken from the presidio of Coa-
huUa. In accordance with what Father OUvares had said, aU the In-
dians who molested the missions on the Rio Grande would gather at
the headquarters on the San Antonio, and for the estabUshment and
safeguarding of the mission, ten soldiers from the presidio of Captain
Ramon and from Coahuila could be permanently posted here. It was
suggested that one should be given the rank of alferez or cabo, and that
Don Martin de Alarcon should take 50 soldiers there, giving them a
year's salary in advance, for arms, clothes, and horses, and giving to
those with their famiUes, additional allowances for transportation ex-
penses. It was also suggested that Captain Ramon be ordered to re-
turn with his soldiers, if they did not wish to remain permanently on
the San Antonio, but that those of good conduct, and particularly the
four who had their famUies with them, should be encouraged to remain
under the care of Don Martin ,who should grant them particular privi-
leges. It was understood that some of the Ramon Expedition would
return with Saint-Denis, to MobUe.162
Official recommendations were made for an assignment of 6,000
pesos to the proper authorities each year, for the reduction of the In-
dians, and preparations against French encroachments.iss
A councU of War was caUed by the viceroy on December 2, 1716,
where it was determmed that missions and presidios should be erected
161 "Ibid.," 171.

162 "n>id.," 174-177: the Fiscal's Report was recommended for action, para. 108, p. 197.
163 "A. G. I.," Guadalajara, Dunn Transcripts, The Univ. of Tex., 1719-1721, 67-3 28 p . 8.
on the San Antonio River, and among the Cadodachos Indians. The
men and necessary suppUes for the purpose were provided for. The
commander of the expedition to be sent out for the erection of the pro-
posed missions and presidios, was to be a person of authority and zeal
in the royal service, as weU as in the salvation of souls, experienced in
dealing with the Indians, and liberal and kind in his treatment of them.
The viceroy announced as his selection for this service, Don Mar-
tin de Alarcon. He had been an adventure in the royal navy; a dis-
tinguished soldier in Oran; captam of a company of infantry in Va-
lencia; and alcalde mayor of the Villa of Tacoma y Zamora. Galve had
appointed him Sergeant Major of the miUtia of Guadalajara in 1691.
Two years later he served in Uke capacity in Nueva Galicia, where he
was also alcalde mayor of San Miguel. Montanez appointed him as cap-
tain of war and protector of the natives of Masapil in 1696, and whUe
in that service he founded San Estevan ,between the provinces of Nue-
vo Leon and Nueva Vizcaya which soon grew to be an important pueblo
with a population of more than 3,000 Indians. He seems to have served
continuously in this section of Mexico untU his appointment as gov-
ernor of CoahuUa on August 5, 1716; and governor of Texas, that he
might look after its colonization, on December 9, following. He had
been Sergeant Major for more than ten years, and protector of the
natives of MasapU. As Ueutenant governor of the Province oif Texas
and the Nuevas FUipinas, he received a yearly salary of 2,500 pesos.
Don Martin de Alarcon, Caballero of the Order of Santiago, was
highly recommended for the services rendered in aU of these employ-
ments, by the councUs of the towns where he served as alcalde, by the
testimony of various reUgious, and by governors of various provinces.
Father Antonio de Olivares was promptly appointed founder and
missionary for the mission on the San Antonio. He knew the different
Indians, and it was most likely that they would become reduced as soon
as he arrived in their midst. He had located an admirable site for the
founding of the mission, where four Indians were established on the
banks of the San Antonio River, and the Guadalupe, between La Ba-
nia and the Province of the Texas. He was confident that with the
proper support he would be able to gather in the Indians for the ser-
vice of God, and His CathoUc Majesty.16*
Father OUvares' Memoria was officially approved in December,
1718.165 His mission had already been estabUshed by December 7, 1716,
It was caUed San Antonio de Padua, and was located in the proximity
of the village and river of that name, some 20 to 25 leagues from La
Bahia1 so
It is mteresting to note that Father Fr. Benito Fernandez de Santa
Ana, in his Description of the Missions of the College of Santa Cruz
164 Bonilla's Brief Compendium in Quarterly, VIII, 30; and Olivares letter. Col-
lection of Memorias, 27, 165, "vuelta," 169. A. G. Mexico, "Provincias Internas," Vol. 181,
p. 162, "Resumen."
165 "A. G," Mexico, "Prov. Int." Vol. 181, para. 114, p. 203, Mexico, December, 1716,
Antonio de Aviles, rubric.
166 Rubric, Mexico, December 7, 1716: "se ha puesto la Misi6n, en las cercanias de dho
Rio de San Antonio, que dista 20 6 25 leguas de la expresada Bahia."—Provincias Internas.
Vol. 181, para .113, p. 201.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 87
de Queretaro, in the year 1740, reports that during the year 1716, in
compUance with orders from His Majesty, a presidio caUed San Antonio
had been located on the banks of the river with the same name. The
viceroy, Count of Revilla Gigedo informed His Majesty, December 30,
1793, that the San Antonio mission was erected in the year 1716. A copy
of the Relacion, Misiones, in the Bexar Archives, is reproduced in this
work as foUows:
9WM M > f t - "tSr'-wiW c * - m * Ôfal

t W m l m A «•» .fit***** r£ ' ry § 1 _»
1AIU Gy, / ,* / w - ~ ~ ^ ^
UXtcc**—' V)lt* U U I Mr / fm. I f — ? * - * * -
/ J ' l / ^ / / ^ . *.*• t \tlr_, ._£n,t*Li*im, . * , * * . * , * - . X ** by**.,*.*, . - / ' S

2 J ? * uGJL?* M J ~ . . A * * " • - ' - V - - ' * • * " • " X ~ r - * — • . * ' * » • •• ° J
$ 1*/*.%*JX . , *•/***' ' '&**!* a ' * ? * . . ' J l i J m » . .Im*yr~ M t ^ ' y t ~ : . 3 i /.
J* J'.h^, *, </.»..'•— - - *~ • * ' - ' " * - • • ' * > ' ~ . ' • • — / <~Jf j ' y • - » *
S ' / U m l ' * & >$**• ,.**A~ «*• ...«- u . r*~~.~i' J .'** . /. (,
/• >•'..'%/WSJ.*- ,.i-nds*n-'/....#* ,, ,.o+s 7 u~~~ -— :• 3

if Y . • ' ^ / rfy'ust* • «!•»••"iti'JOi .'nt t i .9 Onfourt^f—*"* . .. » 6_
* A €?
/ •
C J (Oft* **£* yd** 4 *** & ' fa J " • ' " • ' t h / « / / i n s n*>*-' A 'l&L#a4
tr • f <y*r tX
Further proof that San Antonio was founded previous to the year
1718, is the statement of Fray Benito Fernandez de Santa Ana, regard-
ing the testimoy of Francisco Hernandez, of the Villa de San Fernan-
do de Bejar, June 18, 1749, in the presence of General Don Pedro del
Barrio Junco y Espriella, Ex-Governor and Captain General of Nuevo
Leon, and actual Governor and Captain General of this Province of
Tejas and Nuevas Filipinas, Commander of the Govemor of Panzacola
and CoaguUa and Captain of the Royal Presidio de Los Adays, who
was on his Vicita General of this Province, in the ViUa de San Fer-
nando de Vejar, and Precidio de San Antonio at the time. Hernandez
testified that he knew the San Xavier River from a date previous to
the founding of the Precidio of San Antonio de Bejar, as he attended
a convoy to the Texas missions at that early date. Father Santa Ana
questioned the accuracy of this statement, caUing attention to the
fact that "up to the year '21, for the Texas missions there was only one
road, and it went straight to the Brazos without passmg the Rio de
las Animas," so Hernandez could not have seen the San Xavier; "and,
moreover, as the Presidio of San Antonio was founded before the year
'18, the witness could not have seen the said San Xavier River, and
his declaration was without foundation." Francisco Hernandez, aged
49 years, read, approved, and signed his testimony.167
If such prudent and weU regulated orders as those of the viceroy,
approved by the Royal Junta, had been literaUy carried into effect, the
Province of Texas would have had nothing more to desire, and the
missionaries, nothing more to request. But, with all the good that
was done, there was much left undone.
Though it might seem that preparations for an expedition had
been made by the end of 1716, it was not untU March of 1718 that
Alarcon was ready to receive his final instructions, and start. At least,
the delay can be overlooked, for the Spaniards thus proved that they
were not aggressive; for it was not untU the French founded New
Orleans^ and had received orders for the re-occupation of the Bay
of Espiritu Santoô that the viceroy issued his decree (March 12,
1718), expediting the entry into Texas.1?©
It was also ordered that between the two rivers, of San Antonio
In his instructions Alarcon was particularly ordered to bring fam-
Uies and settlers, as weU as soldiers, with their suppUes, and Uve stock,
as they were most conducive to the conservation and propagation of
the Holy Faith, and the occupation of those lands, where they were
to drive out foreign trade and promote that of the Spaniards.
It was ordered that diaries be kept, describing the languages,
creeks, mountains, meadows, trees, and herbs found in each place, as
had been done by the others who entered the province at an earUer
date.
and Guadalupe, there be established one or two missions, in accord-
ance with the decisions of the Missionary Fathers. To accomphsh
their success, the governor was instructed to furnish them the neces-
sary suppUes, some cattle, oxen, many goats, ewes, seeds, sets of tools
and all else required for the cultivation of the land. Each mission
was to have its Indian pueblo. The natives were to be attracted there
through affectionate treatment, without violence, with presents of
blankets, cloth, and glass beads, all of which were to be ministered by
the hands of said Fathers, in the name of H. M., and to be paid for
from the 4,000 pesos destined for this purpose. The settlers and mil-
itary were persuaded to cooperate with the missionaries in every way
possible, to reduce the Indians of that vicmity offering them good
treatment through their governors and caziques, if they would give up
their wandering Ufe and settle in the pueblos. This good treatment
was to be promised the Indian caziques, if they came peacefully with
their quadrillas and foUowers into the pale of the Holy ReUgion, ac-
167 Fray Santa Ana, "Descripcion," Feb. 20, 1740, in "Historia," XXVIII, ff, 200-207; and
"Relacion, Misiones," B. A. "Otro informe del mismo sobre las misiones del colegio de la
Sta. Cruz de Queretaro en Texas," Mexico, 1750, "Archivo San Francisco EI Grande." 1747-
1750 .pp. 221-222; and "Informe de la Visita." also in S. F . G., pp. 116 and 122.
168 March, 1718, by Jean Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieul de Ibienville (1680-1768) ; nat. of
Montreal, Canada, 3rd of 11 sons of Charles Le Moyne, Baron de Longueuil. who served
under his eldest brother, Iberville, the founder of Biloxi, Dec. 7, 1699. He was governor, with
capital a t Mobile, till 1713, when succeeded by Lamotte Cadillac. In 1718 Bienville took Pen-
sacola from the Spaniards, transferring the seat of government to New Orleans in 1723.
169 Dunn, "Apache Relations," in "Quarterly", XrV, 198.
170 Espinosa, Crdnica, 449.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 89
knowledging the Spanish King and Sire, who in tum would protect
them in everything, with the customary piety, exempting them from
tribute for a period of ten years, and from any service that was not
entirely voluntary on their part; it being understood however, that
they work for the benefit of the settlements, construct churches, and
contribute to the support of the missionary fathers, and pubUc neces-
sities, aU of which was to be done at their spiritual and temporal con-
venience.
The missionaries were soUcited, however, that in accomplishing
their work among the Indians within the twenty-four leagues between
the San Antonio, Guadalupe and San Marcos Rivers, they were to
leave a site free, and unoccupied, of six, four or less leagues, as pro-
vided by law, in the vicinity of said rivers, for the erection of two
villas or ciudades, which in time were to be estabUshed there, as a
metropolis and capital of the province, to prevent maritime invasions,
to serve as a half-way station for suppUes coming by water, and to
prevent foreign trade by sea and the estabUshment of any attempted
settlements on the coast, by any foreigner whatsoever. It was re-
cognized by all, that owing to the location, those settlements were to
be the safeguard, presidio and defense of aU New Spain, and for this
most urgent reason, everyone should be vitaUy interested in the selec-
tion of the best sites for the two proposed colonies.
Alarcon or his substitute, was therefore instructed to estabUsh a
colony of Spaniards on the banks of the San Antonio, with at least
thirty famUies or settlers, with soldiers, conceding to them in the
name of H. M., aU the favors and privileges accorded by the Royal
Laws, leaving free, however, sufficient lands for one hundred famUies,
who in course of time were to be introduced into the province.
It was also ordered that the soldiers in Texas serve for the erec-
tion and construction of settlements. It was particularly ordered that
at least ten soldiers be left for the defense of the mission or missions
on the San Antonio River, as conceded to the Rev. Father Fr. Antonio
de San Buenaventura y Olivares, in case that the colony should not
be erected with at least thirty inhabitants, at said place, and in the
neighborhood of said missions.
The missionaries as weU as the miUtiary were instructed to ex-
plore the drainage system of the rivers flowing into La Bahia, the
mountains, and the high lands near the sea, with a view to the pos-
sibUities of navigation on said rivers.
It was also ordered that the Spaniards and soldiers, who were to
remain at the missions, were to be married and have their families
with them, as the Indians were surprised when the soldiers did not
bring their wives with them, and so as to prevent such excesses as re-
sulted from this, during the earlier entries into the province.1™
"These inhabitants were to include a number of carpenters,
blacksmiths, and masons, who were to receive annual salaries, and
whose duties would be to instruct the Indians and insure the settle-
171 "Ibid./' L 446-449.

ment of the country. These citizens were to be accorded all the privi-
leges in lands, waters, and pastures which the royal laws granted."172
Thus, the govemment took the first step toward the formation of
a settlement that might be expected to endure.17^
Alarcon's company was made up "as recommended by the fiscal
and as provided for by the council of war and the instructions." By
September, 18, 1717, he had the organization of his expedition well
under way. He was supplied with 100 head of sheep (ganado menor),
the greater part of which were females (obejas); there were some
nanny goats and their males (padres); 200 head of cattle; and 150
loads of flour. There were also war supplies and offensive arms.
Most noteworthy of all was the company of militia. They were
reviewed in the Plaza de Armas and VUla of Santiago de la Monclova.
The personnel of the entrada included the following:
Alferez Francisco Hernandez, and family.
Don Diego de Escobar, and family.
Don Francisco Varreyro, Engineer.
Miguel Martinez de Valensuela.
Don Diego de Zarate y Andizavar.
Juan Varrera.
Xtobal Caruajal.
Joseph Flores Quiiiones.
Juan Valdes.
Joseph Caona, and family
Juan de Castro, and family.
Nicolas Hernandez.
Francisco Hernandez, son of the said Alferez.
Joseph de Neira.
Joseph Velasques.
Francisco Minchaca.
Lazaro Joseph Chirino, with family.
Geronimo Carabajal.
Sebastian Peniche.
Antonio Guerra.
Don Francisco de Escobar.
Domingo Flores, with family.
Xtoval de la Garza.
Sebastian Gonzales.
Joseph Ximenes.
Manuel Maldonado.
Manuel de Vargas.
Pedro Rodriguez.
Don Francisco Juan de la Cruz, Master Mason.
Santiago Peres, Carpenter.
Joseph Menchaca.
Joseph Antonio Menchaca.
Visente Guerra .
Xtoval Varrera. 174.
According to Father Olivares' own statement, 1 ^ he left the San
Jose or old San Francisco Solano mission for San Antonio, on AprU 18.
He met the gentleman Alarcon in San Antonio on the first of May,
and was shown a dispatch from His Excellency, which had been re-
ceived on April 17. In accordance with instructions, the original San
Antonio de Padua and the mission from the Rio Grande, were merged
on May 1st, 1718. According to the Mission Records1™ on May 1, 1718
172 "Historia," XXVII, "Directorio 6 Ynstrucciones" for the expedition to Texas, March
11. 1718. See Clark. "Beginnings of Texas" and Quarterly, VIII, 30-1.
173, Austin, "Municipal Government," in "Quarterly," VIII, 286.
174 "Prov. Int., Vol. 181, p. 222: Report of the Cabildo Justicia and Regiment of the
Villa of Santiago de la Monclova, September 18, 1717.
175 "Prov, Int." Vol. 181, pp. 251-256, document dated Mission San Antonio de Valero,
June 22, year illegible, but likely 1718, as it is bound between documents dated July 10,
1718 and June 14, 1718.
176 The record for San Antonio de Valero begins with a certified statement to this
effect.—See Bolton, "Mission Records at S. A." in Quarterly. X, 302.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 91
for lack of water, the mission of San Francisco Solano was removed
from the Punta de San Joseph to the San Antonio de Volero, by order
of the viceroy, in care of Fray Antonio de San Buenaventura y Lina-
res, and Sargt. Maj. Don Martin de Alarcon.
The new mission, or the one formally founded by Govemor Alar-
con, was named San Antonio de Valero, in honor of the viceroy, Don
Baltasar de Zuniga Guzman Sotomayor y Mendoza, the Marques de
Valero, Duke of Arion. The Payaya chief and his tribesmen, who had
already heard the gospel in 1691, when Father Manzanet entered their
village, Yanaguana, were present at the ceremony.17?
In accordance with instructions, Alarcon officially founded the
Presidio de San Antonio de Bexar.
Alarcon stated that he had been unable to found the villa with
thirty inhabitants (vezinos) as the Rio del Norte had risen and pre-
vented all of the expedition from crossing, particularly the women.
He stated however, that he found a villa already formed, at San Anto-
nio, with ten families located there. This he named Villa de Vejar.
The combined settlement (mission, villa and presidio) was called
San Antonio de los Llanos. It was in the most pleasant place in the
province of Texas.17s
As Clark remarks, the Alarcon Expedition arrived at the valley of
!the San Antonio River, near its head waters, "probably at the spot
pointed out by Saint-Denis as a suitable place for a city." Father
Olivares maintained the mission at its original site179 for more than
one year. He was not accompanied by a companion priest, as the one
assigned for duty at the mission, died before leaving the Rio Grande.
During this first year, Father Olivares suffered an accident. In cross-
ing the crude bridge, made of wood and covered with dirt, which was
near the mission, the horse on which he rode, caught his foot and
stumbled, breaking one of the padre's legs. As a result of this shock,
OUvares became dangerously ill and was obliged to send to the Rio
Grande for aid. Father Fray Pedro Muhoz retumed with such speed,
that he covered the eighty leagues, under construction by the soldiers,
in forty continuouus hours. Having a priest at his side was a great
consolation to Father Olivares. After Confession, he tried with more
firmness, to cure his leg. As the Lord was pleased to grace His poor
soldier, the leg was healed, though Father OUvares was obliged to re-
main in bed for a long time. After a good convalescence, he removed
177 See Handbook. "S. A. de Valero."

178 "Historia," XXVII, 243 and 247, "Relacion de los Empleos Meritos y Servicios del
Sargento Mayor Don Martin de Alarcon, Cavallero del Orden de Santiago," certified state-
ment of the Cabildo of Monclova, Sept. 22, 1719. See A. G. I., Guadalajara, 67-3-11, 9-28-1718,
and 10-31-1721, and Bonilla, documents 42 and 43.
The presidio and villa were named in honor of the Duke of Bexar, the elder brother
of the viceroy,—the hereditary title of the oldest son, in the Zuniga family, Don Alvaro de
Zuniga, the first duke, having received that dignity from the Catholic Kings in 1485.
There was a tradition prevalent in Texas in the 1830s, that Bexar derived its name
from the Spanish "abeja" (bee), and that it was applied to this town in consequence of a
swarm of bees having formed their hive in the steeple of the great church at the precise
period that the first Anglo-Americans settled in Texas; the tradition also states that the bees
had never been seen in the country previous to this identical period.—Moore, Francis, Jr.,
"Map and Description of Texas, 1840," Philadelphia.
179 There is a local tradition that the Milagro (Miracle) Chapel o a Ruiz St., just west
of the San Pedro Creek, was erected at that site byf the Ximenez family in memory of the
early settlement.
his mission to the other bank of the San Antonio River, as that place
was more fit than where he was.-ô
Francisco de Barreyro y Alvarez, MiUtary Engineer in the king-
dom of New Spain, who had come to America with the viceroy, the
Marquis of Valero, and was appointed military engineer of the Alar-
con Expedition, stated that he assisted personaUy in the erection of
the church at the mission at San Antonio.isi
Alarcon said that he had recommended that missionaries be sent
to Father Olivares' estabUshment, as he was there all alone, with
many Indians, none of the other ecclesiastics wishing to accompany
**L him, in spite of the fact that the king had made aUowance for three
of them.1*2
Father OUvares was indeed happy, and gave thanks to God and
His ExceUency, that the miserable GentUes would finaUy be able to
leave their slavery, and that there were to be fifty famUies estabUsh-
ed at San Antonio, though at the time none of them were actuaUy
* there. Olivares acknowledged that it was true that this gentleman,
Alarcon, had recruited the few soldiers who were present, but quite
contrary to his instructions, as they were not people of good quaUty,
and none of them had their famUies with them; they did not
know the Indians, and what was more, the Indians did not
know them.iss OUvares complained that Alarcon instead of
(aiding the mission and the hearing of mass, had taken three
of the famUies whom he (OUvares) had brought out to settle
the place, and to whom he had given, at Alarcon's orders, one hun-
dred pesos each for the transportation of their famUies. One of the
said fajniUes contracted for, had remained on the Rio Grande, whUe
one of the two, included in the Ust, was taken by absolute force by
the Captam, and without reparation for the 100 pesos. OUvares add-
ed that Alarcon had so mistreated the Indians who had acted as
guides for the expedition from the Rio Grande, that they had fled,
and reported to the other Indians, not that one Spaniard had mis-
treated them, but that aU Spaniards had mistreated them. And to
make matters worse, Alarcon had ordered aU of the Indians to return,
and threatened to cut their throats if they did not obey him, which
in itself was enough to explain that not one Indian was to be found
in the entire vicinity. The 300 horses, too, which had been provided
for the transportation of the famiUes, were sold to the soldiers for 15
pesos each; and the cows given by the Marques de Aguayo, in com-
pUance with instructions from His ExceUency, had also been sold to
the soldiers at 15 pesos each, as was to be seen from the account
books.
Father OUvares stated that since his arrival in San Antonio he
had done his best, with three Indians to assist him; a jacal had been
180 Espinosa, "Cr6nica," XVII, 449.
181 Wagner. "The Spanish Southwest," para. 82, p. 171.
182 "A. G. I., Guadalajara, Dunn Transcripts, the Univ. of Tex., 1718-1721, Seville 67-
3-11, p . 2 ; from "este Real y Rio de San Marcos," September 28, .1718.
183 "Prov. Int.," Vol. 181, p . 252, "que hay cinquenta familias, y no aber ninguna . . .
y sobre todo en no siendo familias y Gente de buena Calidad, y que no conoscan a los Indios,
ni los Conozcan."
SPANISH-MEXICANS 93
constructed by them, where mass was said, and where OUvares and
his companions resided, and where the suppUes for the Indians were
stored. He had made ploughs and broken ground with his own hands,
to set a good example to the others. In aU, six reUgious had under-
taken the work of the new mission, and their troubles were sufficient
for they received no help from the govemor, nor from the soldiers,
and what was stiU more unfortunate, the Spanish settlers were of
low rank (baja esphera) and totaUy opposed to the propagation of
the faith. Father OUvares concluded that Alarcon being aware that
he was communicating with the higher authorities, had probably left
for the Presidio of the Rio Grande, as he had told him that he was
going to look for the wives of the soldiers. However, it was impossible
that this would result favorably, as it was agamst the wUl of the
soldiers, and of their wives, whom they had left in CoahuUa.1^
Alarcon departed from San Antonio on the 5th of Sept., 1718185
and could truthfuUy say that he had kept the forty-nine odd tribes
of Indians in this remote province, reduced and obedient to H. M.
Indeed, he had so conquered them, according to the Monclova State-
ment, that one could go aU the way to the province of the Texas
without even an escort of soldiers. Never before had such tranquUity
and peace been enjoyed, as now, after the founding of the Villa and
Presidio.™*
"Hitherto the Texas country had been the objective point of oc-
cupation. Now, Bexar, which was to become the final raUying point
of the Spaniards, begins to rise into view; whUe the eastem frontier
becomes a secondary consideration, and finaUy relatively unimport-
ant. Bexar was at first founded to prevent invasion through Bahia,
whUe later the settlement at Bahia was kept up as a means of pro-
tecting the more important stronghold on the San Antonio River.
The miUtary poUey in accordance with which Alarcon had been sent
out to Texas was not at this time foUowed up; for, when he asked for
additional troops, his request was refused [whereupon he tendered his
resignation of the governorship, which was accepted]. He visited the
eastern frontier, and added some six or seven soldiers to again make
the number 25, which had been left by Ramon. There with the sold-
iers and their famUies settled at Bexar completed the guard for the
entire country. The settlement and fortification of Bahia were en-
tirely neglected."1-*7
The foUowing is the company of the Presidio de Texas at the
place caUed San Antonio, in June, 1718:
184 "Prov. Int.," Vol. 181, p . 252, "que hay cinquenta familias, y no aber ninguna . . .
185 "A. G. I." Guadalajara, Dunn Trans., 1719-1721, Seville, 67-3-22, 2.
186 "Historia," XXVII, 246, "Relacion de los Empleos" . . . Certified statement of Don
Jose Flores de Abrego, Commissioner of the Holy Office of the Inquisition, Curate, Judge,
etc., in the Villa of Monclova, Coahuila.
"In the instructions given to Gov. Alarcon in 1718, for the planting of this new out-
post, he was cautioned to be on his guard against the Apaches, and was told to organize the
neighboring tribes in a defensive alliance against them, as there was much danger of at-
tack from this 'barbarous enemy.' "—Dunn, "Apache Relations," in Quarterly, XIV, 198.
"Alarcon was so negligent, according to the 'historia' (Sec. 22), that the only thing
he accomplished was to bring a company of soldiers with their families to the banks of
the San Antonio River, where thc Mission of San Antonio de Valero had already been found-
ed." West. Elizabeth Howard. "Bonilla's Brief Compendium," in Quarterly VIII, note 1.
187 Austin, "Municipal Government," in "Quarterly," VIII, 286.
THE STAFF
(Piano Mayor)
The Governor Don Martin de Alarcon,
Military Engineer Don Francisco Barreiro y Alvarez.
COMPANY
Captain, Alferez, Sargeant and Soldiers:
S a n t i a g o Ximenes . M a r z e l i n o Licona.
Francisco Hernandez. Nicolas H e r n a n d e z .
Juliano Barrera. Francisco Hernandez.
Christoval de C a r v a j a l . A n d r e s de Sossa.
Vizente Guerra. J u . o de Castro.
S e b a s t i a n Gonzalez. D o m i n g o Flores.
Joseph Neyra. J o s e p h Maldonado.
J o s e p h Velazquez. M a n u e l Maldonado.
J o s e p h Ximenes. J u . o Galban.
A n t o n i o Guerra. P a t r i c i o Placido F l o r e s .
Geronimo Carvajal . Antonio Perez.
J u . o Domingo. A g u s t i n Perez.
J o s e p h Chirino J o s e p h Cadena.
J u . o Baldes. Christoba l de la G a r z a .
i S S S Z Minchaca Mfeuel H e r n a n d e z .
J o s e p h A n t o n i o R.s. J u . o de Sosa.
All of these were of different Jacte and the most of them boys,
who had not yet reached the age of fifteen years, and six of them
were married and had their Coyota and Mestisa wives here.188
Olivares' list sent to the viceroy, June 22, 1718, gives the names
of thirty-five officers and soldiers, six of whom were married. The
relacion de los Empleos counts 27 and 7 families. The Testimonio de
un Parecer, 391, states that Alarcon was ordered to go with 50 soldiers,
master-carpenters, etc. Bonilla, Compendium, Sec. 8, makes the same
statement. The Historia adds that OUvares had already removed the
Jomanes Indians and everything belonging to the Mission San Fran-
cisco Solano, before Alarcon made his entrada into Texas. Thus, Man-
zanet's idea was finally carried out: in 1690 he suggested sending out
to Texas, boys, who, having been reared in that country, would learn
to love it, and would be able to win the love of the Indians.18^
PEREZ
I. Mateo Perez, native of San Es- the first "conquerers and paci-
tevan, was in the service of the fiers" of the Presidio of San An-
mission of San Francisco Solano tonio and Villa of San Fernando,
as early as 1706; he was one of He was Lieut, to the Captain 1 ^
188 " P r o v . I n t . " Vol. 181, p . 2 5 6 ; dated J u n e 14. 1718.
189 "Ibid. Dictamen Fiscal, Mexico y N o v i e m b r e 30, de 1916," 183 v t a . ; see A u s t i n ,
Municipal Government," in 'Quarterly, ' V I I I , 290, n o t e 1.
190 When Flcres w a s removed from office a s a result of t h e efforts of F a t h e r Gon-
zales, Mateo Fere/,, t h e n a p r i v a t e soldier of t h e presidio of t h e Rio G r a n d e , was recom-
mended to t a k e t h e c o m m a n d of t h e Presidio a t S a n Antonio. T h e M a r q u e s de A g u a y o
favored his appointee, Flores, a n d said t h a t F a t h . Gonzalez, who w a s k n o w n to be of tur-
b u l e n t disposition, h a d recommended Perez, so t h a t he, Gonzalez, could keep him u n d e r
control a n d so shape t h e affairs of S. A. As a r e s u l t of this i n t e r v e n t i o n , on May 31,
1725, t b e viceroy ordered t h a t Flores should be r e s t o r e d to his c o m m a n d a n d t h a t P e r e z
should r e t u r n to his service as a p r i v a t e soldier in t h e presidio of Rio Grande. Aguayo
did not hold a hip:h opinion of Perez. H e said t h a t he had served in t h e a r m y for 20 y r s .
a n d h a d never m a r i t e d promotion beyond the r a n k of a p r i v a t e . " P e r e z himself a d m i t t e d
t h a t he w a s illiterate a n d could only sign his n a m e — a n d his s i g n a t u r e w a s in very r u s t i c
characters. His promotion to S. A., however, seems to have t u r n e d h i s head s o m e w h a t ,
a n d h e did not prove t o be so peaceful a n d pliable a s Gonzalez h a d supposed him. H e w a s
l a t e r m a d e lieutenan t of t h e presidio of Bexar, a n d still occupied t h a t position a s l a t e a s
1738, a t which t i m e he was in his 56th y e a r . " — D u n n , " A p a c h e R e l a t i o n s , " in Q u a r t e r l y ,
X I V , 214-216.
fS^êiî*-^.*^^^ V>y?7t.nXLcs ^5fatCc<Zs
SPANISH-MEXICANS 95
of the Presidio, and Alcalde Or- 13 Rafael Martin, b. 1773.

14 Faustino, b. 1782.
dinario of San Fernando. He d. 15 Jose Remigio, q. s.
1749; m. Maria Juana de San Juan i n . Jose Remigio (15), the cabo,
Salas Quintana, and they had: of the company of cavalry, m.
1 Luis, who served over 14 yrs. as a sol-
dier in the S. A. Presidio. He receiv-
1798, Concepcion Flores Valdes
ed a Royal Grant in 1762; bounded (Pedro and Zapopa Barrera):
south by Joseph Sanches; north, un- 1 Alejo, q. s.
occupied ; east, lands extending to the 2 Maria Josefa, b. 1800.
Acequia Madre; and west by the San 3 Maria Mariana Teresa, and
Pedro Creek, and a street. Luis Pe- 4 Maria de Jesus, twins, b. 1805.
res m. 1st, 1746, Ignacia de Estrada
(Joseph and Josefa Longoria); and IV. Alejo (1), whose home faced
m. 2nd, 1749, Micaela Menchaca, widow
of Joseph Galvan.
north on St. Mary's and Market
2 Joseph Francisco. Sts., before St. Mary's St. was
3
4
Maria Antonia.
Baltazar de los Reyes, q. s.
opened through; m. 1832, (he d.
5 Javier (Gabriel?), who is mentioned with cholera), Maria Juana Vera-
in Mateo Peres' will, dated 1749, in
the Bexar Archives. mendi (Angel Navarro; adopted
n . Baltazar (4), a sargeant; was by Juan Veramendi and his wife,
Sargento Reformado (deprived of Josefa Navarro). She m. 2nd,
command or retired) in 1785, and after Alejo's death, Alexander
Alferez Imbalido y Agregado de Alsbury, and is the character so
Ca. in 1798. In his earUer career weU known in connection with
he had seen service in the Presi- the Fall of the Alamo. Alejo Pe-
dio of San Juan Bautista on the res and Maria Juana Veramendi
Rio Grande. He m. 1748, Maria- had: -
na de Estrada (Francisco and 1 Encarnacion.
2 Alejo, Jr., q. s.
Maria Josefa Longoria), widow of V. Alejo (2), b. 1835; m, 1st, 1853,
Joseph de Carvajal; and m. 2nd, Antonia Rodriguez; with Amador
1759, RosaUa Flores Valdes (Mar- Delgado as a witness; and m.
tin and Maria Leal).1^1 Baltazar March 18, 1916, at a remarkably
Perez and his first wife Mariana advanced age, Florencia Valdes.
de Estrada had: By the 1st m. there were:
1 Pedro Jose, b. 1749; probably m. Jo- 1 Guadalupe Alejo, q. s.
sefa Flores: 2 Corina, b. 1855, q. s.
i Jose Nieves, b. 1773; volunteered 3 Lucia, b. 1857; m. Canute Dias.
for mil, service, Aug. 9, 1792. 4 Uvaldo, b. 1860, b. Francisca Esparza.
2 Micaela, b. 1753.
3 Maria Josefa. VT. Guadalupe Alejo (1), m. Miss
4 Macedonia. Huntress:
H. Baltazar (4), had by his 2nd 1 Eduardo, q. s.
wife, Rosalia Flores Valdes: 2 Enrique, m. Mary Hopkins.
3 Francisco, ( m. Isabel Cantii (Faustino
5 Francisco, the Comandante (?), who and Estel) ; parents of Henrietta Isa-
m. Maria Josefa de la Garza. bel.
6 Maria Jesusa, m. 1785, Jose Granado.
7 Maria Rosalia, b. 1765; m. Joseph Ma- VH. Eduardo (1), m. Sally Gab-
nuel de Castro. rysh (Alexander and Hedwig
8 Maria Luisa, b. 1767.
9
10
Joseph Apolonio, b. 1769.
Joseph Mateo, b. 1770; probably d. y.
Kroll):
1 Francisca Maria.
11 Joseph Mateo, b. 1771. 2 Eduardo A.
12 Maria de San Juan Macedonia, b. 1772; 3 Maria Rosa.
m. Matias Resendes (Antonio and Se- 4 Son.
ledonia Menchaca):
i Juan Pablo, b. 1812. VI. Corina (2), b. 1855; m. 1875,
191 In the "auto" of a grant of July 27, 1782, in the Sp. Ar., to Rosalia Flores y Val-
des it is stated that she enherited the land from her father and continually cultivated i t ;
that her husband, Baltazar Perez, had been in the service of H. M. in these parts for over
60 y r s . ; and that she was deserving for the good bringing up of her children, one of whom
was in the royal service. This grant was bounded north, by the lot of Francisco de E s t r a d a ;
south, by her own lot, which had been her father's; west, by Josefa Flores; and east by
the Calle Real, called "de las Flores."
Lino Sanches, with witness Ma- 2 Adela, m. Morris Strum.

3 Alberto, q. s.
nuel de Yturri CastiUo.1^ Corina Vm. Alberto (3).
Perez and Lino Sanches had: IV. Jose Domingo (ii), b. 1789;
1 Lino.
2 Eduardo Oswaldo, q. s. m. Maria Antonia de Arocha (Da-
3 Juan, m. Maria Dell, of Eagle P a s s ; mian and Maria Hernandez):
parents of Elena, Maria Luisa, Lina
and Federico. 1 Maria Rafaela, b. 1811.
4 Ines, m .Pedro Patifio; parents of Ar- 2 Gertrudis Florencia, b. 1814.
turo, m. Marta Morales, and they had 3 Concepcion, b. 1817; d. 1818.
Dora, Arturo, Elvira, Beatrice, Ines, 4 Maria Concepcion Juana, b. 1818.
Patricio, and Gilberto. m . Juan Francisco, b. 1754, m.
5 Estel. m. Louis Duke; parents of Ru-
dolfo, m. Cecilia Peres Casanova,Martina Grande, b. 1771 at Orco-
quisa; and had a son, b. 1786;
daughter of Cecilia T a r i n ; Evelina,
Luis, Esther, Corina, Gloria, and Ra-
fael. they were Uving in Nacogdoches
H. Joseph Francisco (2), son of in 1794, accordmg to the Nacog-
Mateo Perez, m. 1st, Maria San- doches Census.
tos; m, 2nd, 1751 SicUia Delgado I. Antonio Perez, a witness in
(Juan and' Catarina Leal). By San Antonio in 1724, was a sold-
the 1st m.: ier; he died of an accident in
1 Joseph, b. 1749. 1747. He m. Gertrudis Inolosa:
2 Joseph Mateo, b. 1751; godparents:
Christoval and Rosa Peres, his sister. 1 Joseph Christoval, q. s.
2 Joseph Joaquin, m. Ignacia Martines;
By the 2nd m.: parents of Joseph Maria, conf. 1759.
3 Mateo Ramon, b. 1752. 3 Juana Rosa, m. 1750, Miguel Vergara,
of Guadalajara; parents of Joseph Ne-
4 Juan Francisco, b. 1754, q. s. po., b. 1753; Francisco Xavier, b. 1758;
UI. Juan, very likely Juan Fran- and Juan Jose, conf. 1759; m.l93 Ma-
ria de Carvajal, by whom: Jose Ma-
cisco, (4), m. Gertrudis Ximenes: nuel, b. 1783 Jose Maria, b. 1786; and
1 Joseph Joaquin, b. 1771. Anselmo, a soldier, m. 1798. Margarita
2 Francisco Mariano, b. 1773. de Castro (Martin and Maria Zaragoza
3 Juan Francisco Joseph Miguel, b. 1775. de Cordova).
4
5
II. Christoval (1) m. 1st, 1751,
Jose Manuel, b. 1777, q. s.
Maria Melchora de los Reyes, b .1779.
6 Ernestacia de los Rios (Xavier
Maria Francisca Trinidad, b. 1780.
7 Joseph Francisco, b- 1781.
8 Maria, b. 1784. and Tomasa de la Garza); m.
9
10
Maria Josefa.
Juan Martin, b. 1787.
2nd, 1757, Josefa de Luna (Juan
11 Antonio and Josefa Trevifio), wid.
Jose Domingo, b. 1789, q. s.
VI. Manuel (4), m. Teresa Cur- of Joseph Perez. By the 2nd m.:
belo: 1 Juan Bautista and
2 Juan Dios, twins, b. 1758; their god-
1 Rumaldo, q. s.
2 Maria Alexandra, m. 1829, Santiago parents were Luis Maldonado and his
Hernandez (Juan and . . . Davila). wife, Luisa Peres.
3 Joseph Joaquin, q. s.
V. Rumaldo (1), d. 1839; m. 1826, 4 Ana Josefa, b. 1763.
Maria Antonia de los Santos Coy 5 Maria Gertrudis, b. 1765.
6 Juan Antonio ,b. 1767.
(Francisco and Teresa Rojas): 7 Maria Concepcion, b. 1770.
1
2
Tomas, q. s.
Josefa, m. Felipe Coy de Luna.
m . Joseph Joaquin (3), a sold-
3 Jose Maria. ier; b. 1761; m. 1791, Maria de
4 Ignacio. Jesus Gonzalez (Vicente and Ma-
5 Desiderio.
VI. Tomas (1), m. 1st, 1852, An- ria de la Zerda), from the Adaes,
tonia Vara; m. 2nd, 1863, Maria widow of Jose Justo Montoya.
1 Jose Antonio m. 1813, Guadalupe de
de Jesus Delgado. By the 1st m.: Ios Santos Coy (Ignacio and Ramona
1 Rumaldo, q. s. de la Garza), parents of Maria Luisa
Cornelia, b. 1814; and Margarita, b.
VII. Rumaldo (1), m. 1890, Isa- 1815.
bel Quintana (Rafael and Domin- I. Cayentano Perez, from the
ga Garcia): Adaes, was Mayordomo of the
1 Maria, m. Gerald House.
192 According to the Census of 1793, Jose" Sanchez was a barber in San Antonio. He
was from the Rio Grande. He m. Locaria Salinas.
193 See " B . A." 1782, "Diligencias."
SPANISH-MEXICANS 97
mission in 1739. He possessed a i Jose Gregorio Refugio, b. 1819;

godparents: Domingo Peres and
stone house facing east on the Santa Menchaca.
Plaza of the Presidio, bounded ii Cleofas Dolores, b . 1821.
iii Anselmo Jesus, b. 1830.
north by the jacal of Pedro mi- iv Maria Remigia, came to San An-
tonio in her youth, probably with
non, with a street between, west her parents; m. in 1803, Jose
by the street going to the Guard Antonio Ramon, an Indian, from
the Rio Grande, who had come to
House; and south by the jacal of San Antonio in 1801, son of Isi-
dro and Josefa Uriegas.
Xavier Zepeda. By deed of 1778,
Pedro de los Angeles transferred Manuel Saracho, b. in S. A.,
the property described as foUows, 1773, m. Teodora Flores, also b. in
to Juan Bueno de Rioxas, the S. A., 1776, accordmg to the 1793
soldado arreglado: io3A varas, a Census.
house in the Plaza de Armas of DE LA CRUZ
this Presidio, of which VA varas Diego de la Cruz, from Coahui-
were owned by PheUsiana Carba- la, was present in San Antonio in
jal; 2Vt v., by Gertrudis and Ber- 1721.
narda Perez, heirs of said house, Domingo de la Cruz from the
and VA V. which Pedro de los An- Adaes, m. in 1727, Maria Pasquala
geles had enherited from his wife, Gutierres; a witness being Cayeta-
Agueda Maldonado. The proper- no Peres.
ty was bounded by the jacal of Juan Inicencio de la Cruz m.
Xavier Zepeda, west by the street, Juana Petra Emeban (?); and had
which went to the Guardia and a son, b. SaltUlo, who m. 1793, Ma-
west by the plaza. Cayentano ria Antonia Gomez, from Candela.
Perez m. FeUciana de Carvajal Juan de la Cruz m. Maria Peres;
(?Mateo and Angela Guerra) be- and had Joseph HUario, b. 1791.
fore 1724: Luis de la Cruz, m. Antonia de
1 Joseph, q. s.
Sosa; and had Jose Antonio, b.
2 Rosalia, b. 1730. 1791.
3 Luisa, conf. 1759.
n . Joseph (Juan or Antonio, 1), XIMENES
d. 1757; m. Josefa de Luna: Santiago Ximenes, Governor of
1 Joseph Joaquin, b. 1751; d. 1758.
2 Juana Francisca, b. 1756; m. 1773, the Mission San Antonio de Vale-
Pedro Joseph Tejeda, a Spaniard from
the City of Mexico, who came to San
ro, was witness in 1720.
Antonio in 1769, the son of Joseph Joseph Ximenes, m. Maria Flo-
Tejeda and Andres Sandoval y Roja.194
3 Bernarda, conf. 1759. res de Valdes:
4 Gertrudis. 1 Juana, m. Alberto L-dpez.
One Miguel Perez, the shoe- 2 Teresa, b. 1720.
3 Antonio, 1722.
maker, b. 1755, m. Ana Maria 4 Maria Antonia, b. 1724; probably m.
Ignacio Zepeda.
Rodriguez, born in Rio Grande in Joseph (Conte) Ximenes, m.
1765, according to the R. I. 1751, Maria Dolores Flores (Pedro
PERES ZARACHO and Margarita de la Garza):
Joaquin Peres Saracho m. Jua- 1 Francisco Xavier, b. 1763.
na Cortinas: 2 Margarita, b. 1786.
1 Maria Teresa. b. 1753, godparents:
Joseph Ximenes, m. Ana Maria
Christoval Peres and his mother.
There is record of one Pedro Maldonado:
1 Joseph Joaquin ,m .1779, Maria Ma-
Perez from Monclova, who m. nuela Minon (Pedro and Maria An-
Leonor de la Pena; parents of: tonia Musquez).
2 Alberto Antonio, b. 1734; probably m.
1 Diego, m. Antonia Saracho (Manuel
and Teodora Flores): Margarita de Vargas:
i Jos* Maria, b. 1772; probably m.
194 See "B. A . / ' 1-4-1782.
Juana Flores: and m. 2nd, 1820, Juan Antonio Ximenes, m. Ma-

Maria Paula Martines.
ria FeUciana Menchaca; and had:
Ana Maria Ximenes, m. Santia- Francisco, b. ca 1781.
go de la Masa, native of Cadiz, Toribio Ximenes, accordmg to
Spain; soldier from Bahia (B. A., military records, m. Canuta Ra-
1738); grant, 1741, E of Domingo
del Rio, facing S on Calle de Carre- mon; and had: Jose Manuel, volun-
tas. P. teered for the cavalry, January 1,
LJoseph Ximenes de Sisneros, m. 1795.
Gertrudis Sanchez Navarro: Francisco Ximenes, from Saltillo,
1 Juan Manuel, b. 1749. m. 1786, Josefa Rendon (Jose and
2 Maria Francisca. Gertrudis Rodriguez), wid. of Jo-
3 Melchor, b, 1753: q. s.
4
5
Ana Clara Trinidad, b. 1755; q. s.
Ana Francisca, b. 1756.
se Garcia.
6 Maria Guadalupe, b. 1759. Francisco Ximenes, m. Maria Ma-
7 Juana Francisca, m. 1773, Francisco tiana Losoya (Musques); and had:
Leal.
8 Juan Joseph. 1 Gil, b. "ca" 1815; m. 1842, Jesusa Trevi-
9 Joseph Manuel, b. 1761. iio, b. 1822 (Polito Jose Damacio).
2 Juan, m. 1827, Fabrila Saldana.
10 Chris. Casimiro, b. 1763.
H. Melchor (3) m. 1774, Ignacia Francisco Ximenes, m. Margari-
Mireles (Jose Antonio and Tomas ta Ybarbo; she d. 1817.
Vasquez) of Santa Rosa: 1 ^ Francisco Ximenes, m. Brigida
1 Maria Cruz, b. 1775. Sosa; she d. 1848; they had:
2 Maria Felipa Gertrudis. 1 Isabel, b. 1846; and
3 Maria Cecilia, b. 1778.
4 Joseph Antonio, b. 1780. 2 Juan. b. 1848.
n . Clara (4), m. 1st, Luis Duran; Francisco Ximenes, m. 1849, Gua-
m. 2nd, 1778, Miguel Gutierres dalupe Garza (or Cordova); and
(probably the Joseph Miguel Gu- had: Santa, b. 1852.
tierres, son of Joseph and Micaela Pedro Ximenes, m. Juana Rosa
Vega, conf. 1759). By the 1st. m.: Sanches, and had:
Juana. b. 1746: Juana Dios, b. 1749; Pe-
1 Jose Antonio, b. 1774. dro Jose, b. 1751; and Maria Rosa, b. 1755.
2 Maria Josefa, b. 1775. Pedro Jimenes, m. Crisanta Go-
By the 2nd m.:
3 Joseph Antonio, q. s. mes, and had: Francisco, b. 1840;
HI. Joseph Antonio (3), m. Josefa Maria Ursula, b. 1844; and Jose de
Silva (Gervario and Mariana Ca- Jesus, b. 1846.
rUlo; Gervario Silva was alferez at Manuel Ximenes, m. Ana Maria
the presidio in S. A.): de Sosa (Juan Joseph and Ignacia
1 Jose Francisco, q. s. Leal Goraz); and had:
2 Jose Ignacio. b. 1809. Maria Josefa, b. 1787; Jose Antonio, b.
3 Jose Maria, b. 1811. 1790; Jose Dolores, b. 1793; and Miguel
4 Maria Concepcidn, b. 1813. Maria, b. 1797.
5 Jose Miguel.
IV. Jose Francisco (1), b. 1807 Manuel Ximenes, m. Maria Isa-
(probably) m. Gertrudis Flores: bel Ramos; and had: Antonio, b.
1 Rafael, q. s. 1851.
V. Rafael, b. 1851. BasiUo Ximenes, a soldier at the
Antonio Ximenes, m. Maria Sua- presidio in San Antonio, and res-
rez de Longoria. They were wit- ident of the Adaes, it was stated by
nesses in 1726. some soldiers who had lost about
Antonio Ximenes, m. Josefa Gon- 400 pesos at dice and cards, in their
zales; and had: Jose Manuel, b. testimony or complaint against
1772.
195 Coahuila was an important source of supply of colonists during the colonial period.
Monclova, Santa Rosa, Rio Grande and Saltillo were the bases of support for the frontier
province. Santa Rosa was for a time the capital of all the Eastern Interior Provinces.—Bol-
ton, "Guide."
SPANISH-MEXICANS 99
Governor Sandoval, had been sup- 1 Maria Sapopa, b. 1743; with godfather.
Andres Ramon; m. Pedro Flores (Juan
plied with the necessary funds, by Jose and Nicolasa de Avila) Juan
Governor Sandoval, to carry on a Barrera, m. Gertrudis Ximenes (Go-
mez ; and had Francisco, and Manuel.
series of raffles (rifas) from which I. Manuel Barrera, Spaniard from
the governor, it was said, duly col- CoahuUa, b. 1770; a merchant; m.
lected his profit. Ximenes put up Catarina Uranga, b. in San Anto-
18 pesos, and from 15 to 20 sol- nio, 1777. Accordmg to the R. I,
diers would play, each putting up they had a daughter b. 1794. Ma-
the same amount, in cash or in nuel Barrera, m. 2nd, Cecilia SaU-
stock; usuaUy the latter, as sUver nas (Domingo and Francisca Ca-
coin was never current in the macho); by whom:
Adaes; and in this connection, a 1 Jose Domingo, b. 1819.
cow was valued at 16 pesos. 2 Juan Manuel, b. 1821 • probably m. Ma-
ria Antonia Sandoval:
Basilio Ximenes, perhaps the i Francisca, m. 1st, Cleto Peres Ca-
son of Joseph and Ana Maria Mal- sanova; m. 2nd, 1847, Juan Jos€
Casillas.
donado, and perhaps the BasiUo 3 Jose Maria Sebastian, b. 1822.
Juan Barrera, b. 1739, in Coahuila,
Ximenes mentioned above, in His- a merchant in San Antonio, m. Ma-
toria, 1737, pp. 541-552, m. Guada- ria Estrada; they had a son b .1798.197
lupe Ramon; they had: I. Juan Timoteo Barrera, b. 1763,
1 Jose Maria, b. 1809. CoahuUa, Spaniard, was appointed
2 Jose, m. Trinidad
and Matiana Ramon).
Guerrero (Matias Estanquero in San Antonio; that
3 Jose Teodocio, b. 1812. is, he was granted the monopoly for
4 Maria Dolores ,b. 1813. tobacco, stamped paper and gen-
5 Jose Polito, b. 1816.
6 Juan, m. 1816, Ana Petra de la Pena. eral suppUes. Instructions for the
wid. of Jose Arriola.
According to the B. G., the widow, handling of stamped paper in Be-
Maria Antonia Ximenes, b. 1740, xar were issued June 2, 1794. An
was residing in San Antonio in inventory was made of the property
1790, with a daughter, Maria Ma- of Don Juan Barrera at the Es-
tanco which he adniinistered at
nuela, also a widow, b. 1762, and a the capital of Texas, in 1799; it in-
son, Jose Miguel, b. 1781. cluded items for piaymg cards,
BARRERA stamped paper and powder. Anto-
The first baptismal entry in the nio GU y Barbo went on Barrera's
Valero Mission records is that of bond. The Reconocim'to de los Bie-
Antonio Barrera, born in 1718, the nes Muebles y raizes, ropa y alha-
son of the Fiscal, Nicolas Barrera jas, belonging to D. Juan Timoteo
and his wife Francisca. Barrera includes considerable live
Christoval Barrera purchased a stock, a house and contents in Sal-
property caUed "El Zause" (place tillo, and his home, a three-room
of the wiUows) from Juan Joseph stone house, with one room of
Montes de Oca, in 1768, when he adobe, on the plaza in San Anto-
went to Monclova; he m. Maria de nio, with considerable personal
Zapopan; and had: Geronimo, b. property; jewelry, table sUver, fur-
ca 1739. This family were on parti- niture and clothes. It is interest-
cularly friendly terms with Igna- ing to note the anxiety regarding
cio Lorenzo de Armas.1^ finances at this time. The War
I. Alonso Barrera, m. Marcela de Debt fund was subscribed to by La
la Pena: Bahia, through the sale of cattle;
196 "B. A.," 4-27-1776.
197 "R. I.," and " B . A.. Padron". Dec. 31, 1796, Item No. 152,
whUe Necogdoches contributed with way he soon learned to speak the

her tobacco. A report was made Indian language. He was appoint-
of the situation prevailing in Tex- ed interpreter for the United States
as, with further information (De- Government, his services being re-
cember 11, 1799) regarding the quired at aU conferences during
prices to be paid for municipal of- the border warfare. WhUe acting
fices. The miUtary report showed as interpreter, his Ufe was saved
that the Presidio at San Antonio by an Indian chief, CoaUtos. The
was garrisoned with 110 men. The govemment officers had gone out
customary Indian presents amount- for a conference with CoaUtos and
ed to 479 pesos, 2 reales, 11 granos his men, and in an altercation,
and 4 octavos, for the period from Barrera threw a stone and hit one
July 28 to the end of December of the Indians and stunned him.
(1799). A decree was issued on The other Indians wished to at-
September 12, 1799, for the annual tack the party, but CoaUtos in-
election of alcaldes. It is to be sur- terposed.
mised that more frequent changes
in office would result in more funds On May 15, 1829, he purchased
coUected by the poUtical adminis- from Nepo. Escalera, a jacal and
tration.i98 lot in the potrero, west of the
The acknowledgement of receipt land of Francisco BoteUo, north
of contributions, in the Bexar Ar- of Carcel St., which ran from the
chives, April 28, 1800, shows that plaza to the river, east of the
in spite of her poverty, Texas was lands of Jose Guerra and south
able to contribute to the wai of those of Manuel Uturri. Again
against England, and to the Holy in 1834, he purchased lands from
Places In Jerusalem. Juan Jose Guerra, south of Ytur-
Juan Timoteo Barrera, m. En- ri's west of his own land, bound-
carnacion PuUdo, native of Espada ed on the west by the Casas Con-
Mission;i99 they had: sistoriales of the municipality, or
1 Maria Gertrudis, b. 1798. Town HaU. This was Don Agus-
2 Agustin, q. s. tin's first residence in San Anto-
n . Agustin (2), Vice Governor of nio: the north side of present
Texas under General Santa Ana, Market St., with the old market
during the time he was President house on one side, and an alley
of Mexico. When Govemor Vera- on the other. On the alley was
mendi, was caUed to CoahuUa the "Old BaU Saloon," owned by
Agustin Barrera performed the du- the Barreras, and given to Martin
ties of govemor. Afterwards he was Campbell, who married Dolores
made govemor but was removed Barrera. Agustin Barrera, m. Jan.
from office before the invasion of 12, 1827, Antonia Saunas (Manuel
Texas, because Santa Ana deemed and Maria Ignacia Flores); the
him too favorable to the Texans. godparents being: Manuel Flores
Don Agustin was a gold and sUver and Maria Gertrudis Salinas. Don
smith (his descendants stiU have Agustin and Doha Antonia had:
some pieces of jewelry he made) 1 Agustin, q. s,
and was often caUed on to make 2 Dolores Concepcidn, b. 1829; m. John
Rosenheimer; they raised Charlie
trinkets for the Indians. In lhat Campbell, d.: S. P., who lived at the
198 " B . A . / ' Nov. 25, 1794; March 20, 1799; 16-22-1799, 6-23-1800; June 12. 1799; 10-24-
1799; and Aug. 17. 1799.
199 " B . A. Padron," Dec. 31, 1796; item 138.
SPANISH-MEXICANS 101
NW cor. of Main Av. and Nueva St.,

opposite the present court house.
frightened him that he ran home.
3 Juan Indalecio, b. 1832; q. s. For a number of years he was
4
5
Antonio, d.: S. P .
Dolores, q. s.
deputy county clerk under Thad
6 Antonia. m. Phil Shardein, who, ac- W. Smith. Barnes says: "Juan
cording to the City Hall records com- E. Barrera is a San Antonio vet-
manded a company of soldiers, 1865;
ten years later he was candidate for eran whose father was provision-
Sheriff of Bexar County; he attended
the Democratic Convention in 1879, al governor here replacing Vera-
and was Marshall under Mayor French; mendi when the latter was re-
in 1881 he notified all dog owners t h a t
unlicensed dogs found on the streets moved by Santa Ana. The provi-
after June 1. would be poisoned; dogs sional governor mentioned was
were such a nuisance in San Antonio,
that an order was given in 1877 to
kill them; a mad-dog scare took place
arrested by Antonio Menchaca
in 1880; he sent in his resignation, and Juan N. Seguin, but on trial
September, 1882; and five years later was acquitted, no circumstances
was placed under arrest for taking p a r t
in the general uproar on Alamo Plaza of an incriminating nature being
at the prohibition meeting of June 7, proven against him. WhUe he
1887.—"Free Press". The Shardein
home was a t the northeast corner of
Garden, now S. St. Mary's, and Mar-
served at a very critical period of
tinez Sts. It was demolished in Feb- the city's history and when the
bruary, 1937. Alamo feU, the govemment was
UI. Agustin (1), m, 1853, PUar conducted in person by Santa
Chaves: Ana himself, Barrera's duties be-
1 Sixto, q. s.
2 Carolina, d. y.
ing purely perfunctory. . . . The
3 Gonzalo. d. y. Barrera fanuly resided on Dolo-
4 Eduardo, d. y. rosa Street on the S side of Main
5 Catarina, d. y.
VI. Sixto (1), m. Elvira Barrera Plaza next and E of the acequia,
(Juan and Julia Cadena); they or ditch, that formerly flowed
Uved at 736 MarshaU St.: uncovered."2oo
1 Agustin, d.: S. A. Juan Indalencio Barrera m.,
2 Ofelia, d.: S. A.
3 Aurora, m. Joseph Menchaca (Santia- 1854, JuUa Cadena (Manuel and
go and Elvira Maria Vasquez); they
lived a t 531 Ruiz St.
Maria Antonia Montes de Oca),
4 Oralia, m. Jaime P r a t t : and they had:
i Jaime, 1 Eduardo, q. s.
ii Gilberto. 2 Marquita, d. y.
3 Juan, m. Petra Gonzales.
m . Juan Indalencio (3), b. 1832, 4 Maria, m. Charles Baumberger, now
in the original Barrera home- head of the cement company north of
the city, which succeeded the former
stead on Market St. He recalled Alamo Cement Co. plant at the city
rock quarries founded by the late
the storming of the Alamo; it George H. Kalteyer. Charles W. Baum-
was not the capture of the fort- berger, the father, was one of the early
teachers in San Antonio schools:
ress or the funeral pyre that fol- i Charles ,m. Evalyn Harding,
lowed, but a Mexican band play- ii Virginia, m. David Coy.
5 Margarita, m. Charles Baumberger,
ing national airs of Mexico which her brother-in-law, after her sister's d.
6 Matilde, m. Alberto Dial Leal.
remained first in his memory. 7 Alejandro.
This band played every day in 8 Elvira, m. Sixto Barrera.
9 Agustin, d. y.
front of Santa Ana's headquart- 10 Agustin, d. y.
ers, in the Yturri House, at the IV. Eduardo (1), m. in Monter-
NE corner of Main Plaza and Ase- rey, Mexico, Romana Arce; he
quia St., or Main Ave. One in- also Uved in AguascaUentes and
strument which Barrera recalled San Luis Potosi; and later in San
was one which he likened to the Antonio, 824 W. Cypress St.
mouth of an aUgator. It so 1 Margarita.
2 Juan, q. s.
200 "S. A. Epress," articles at time of d. of Juan Barrera, 1912, and d. of Julia Ca-
sta, 1910; and Barnes. "Combats." 231.
3 Esperanza. Sabas. He came to San Antonio

4 Carlos. in 1759.201
V. Juan (2). He m. Maria Candelaria Delga-
HI. Dolores (5), m. Martin do (Francisco and Catarina de los
CampbeU: Santos): 13 ch., of whom:
1 Vicenta, m. Joe Dowling.
2 Rosana Clementa, b. 1851; m. Fran- 1 Juan Fernando, b, 1772, q, s.
cisco Ruis: P., living in El Paso.
3 Martin, Jr., m. Adelaida Cassiano: IV. Juan Fernando (1), m. Maria
(see).
4 Alejandro, d.: S. A.
Antonia de Castro:
5 Daniel, d.: S. A. 1 Manuel Maria, b. 1789.
6 Lula, m. Herman Dreiss: P . 2 Juan a Francisca, b. 1791.
7 Elizabeth, m. Whit Thompson: P., One Ignacio Galvan came to
Washington, D. C.
San Antonio in 1772, from Mon-
GALVAN terey. 202
The names of Juan Galvan and In 1806, Luis Galvan, ex-official
his wife Clara Longoria appear in of the tobacco monopoly in San
the records at San Antonio as Antonio, asked for reappointment,
early as 1719. and that the office be made in-
L Juan Galvan, of Monterey, m. dependent of the administration
Nicolasa de la Garza: of Coahuila. The tobacco mono-
1 Juan, q. s. poly was restabhshed in Bexar in
n . Juan, appointed commander of 1811, and Luis Galvan was re-
the San Xavier presidio, arriving appointed to take charge of it.
there, March 13, 1748; his report SOSA
(A. G. N., Historia, Vol. 28) gives Andres de Sosa and Clara Lon-
the first description of Mission goria were witnesses in San Anto-
San Xavier. He was Alferez at nio in 1719.
San Antonio in 1734; Lieutenant, Juan de Sosa and Maria Ponse,
1756; and Commander, 1760. his wife, had a dau. Juana, b. De-
When appointed to the San Xa- cember, 1719.
xier command, he had already Juan de Sosa m. Maria Cama-
had 33 years of continual service, cho, and had Juan Bautista, b. 1720.
accordmg to Govemor Barrio. I. Juan de Sosa was witness in 1720;
Juan Galvan m., 1723, Francisca his son:
Xaviera Maldonado (Sgt. Francis- 1 Joseph Miguel, who testified in 1749
co Xavier and Agueda Ximenes), that he knew the San Xavier River
28 years previous; m. 1722, Feliciana
by whom: Carvajal (Mateo and Angela Guerra):
1 Antonia Barbara, m. 1756, Joaquin de i Juan Joseph, b. 1731; m. 1754,
los Santos Coy. Ignacia Leal Goras: nine ch. In
2 Juana Francisca, m. Miguel Santos. 1773 he received a land grant,
3 Joseph Manuel, q. s. south of the villa, along the creek,
4 Juan, q. s. south of the lot of Joseph Gonza-
5 Antonia Maria, conf. 1759; Joseph les y Segura; when he stated that
Francisco Ensinillas. from San Saba, his family were descendants of
son of Juan Antonio and Maria Gua- one of the 15 Canary Island fam-
dalupe Aguado. ilies; and t h a t he had had 19
6 Juan Toribio, b. 1726. yrs. of service a t the presidios of
7 Francisca, conf. 1759. San Marcos, San Saba, and Be-
8 Ana Josefa, b. 1728. xar,
9 Maria Basilia, b. 1734; m. 1759, Fran- ii Andres, soldier in the San An-
cisco Naro. tonio presidio ; agel 26 yrs in 1749 ;
10 Francisco Xavier, conf. 1759; m. 1756, m. Matiana Galindo (Joseph and
Juana Bernarda Saucedo. Maria C a n t u ) ; parents of Juan
Jose, b. 1751; probably the Joseph
TH. Manuel (3), b. 1746, the who m. 1775, Maria Ignacia Men-
Cabo, entered the mUitary ser- chaca (Joaquin and Juana Del-
gado) ; parents of Joseph Miguel,
vice in 1757 at the Presidio of San b. 1776; and Juan Andres, b. 1778.
201 B. A.. 6-30-1779; and "Filiaci6n", 1-18-1786.

202 "B. A.," 1-17-1778, No. 69.
Juan de Sosa, from the Presi- Manuel de Luna, of the com-

dio of Orcoquiza, and his wife pany of the presidio of Rio Gran-
Gertrudis B a r r o n (Bernardo de, and his wime Antonia Rivas,
Joseph and Andrea Tremiflo) had had four chUdren.
Maria Micaela, the youngest of MENCHACA
their six chUdren, b. 1775; m. Ma- I. Francisco Menchaca, a mem-
riano Duran (Pedro and Antonia ber of the staff of Governor Alar-
Cortinas). con, was most likely the same
Joseph de Sosa, who d. before Francisco Menchaca referred to in
1748, m. Gertrudis Rojas (Juan the 1759 confirmation records. He
and Nicolasa Trevifio) and their was also called Joseph Antonio,
son Toribio, m. 1763, Gert. Ro- and was a witness in 1721, at the
driguez (Joseph and Marcela de marriage of Petrona de Castro. He
AvUa), wid. of Joseph Rendon, married Antonia Urrutia, daughter
from SaltUlo, parents of Joseph of Captain Joseph de Urrutia and
Francisco who m. 1801, Magdale- Antonia Ramon; they had:
na Martines (Rafael and Guada- 1 Luis Antonio, q. s.
lupe Redondo), parents of Jose 2 Micaela. m. 1st, 1744, Joseph Galvan;
and m. 2nd, 1749. Luis Feres, son of Ma-
Manuel, b. 1802, Maria Trin. and teo.
3 Jose Felix, came to San Antonio from
Jose Jesus. the Presidio of San Juan Bautista; adopt-
LUNA ted Maria Corello, a child given him by
a soldier, Jesus Corello. He was con-
Gabriel de Luna m. December, firmed in 1759, at which time his father
1720, Maria Longoria, widow of was called Francisco Menchaca, and his
mother, Antonia de Urrutia. He did the
Joseph Maldonado. Captam Do- greatest work accomplished in Bexar dur-
ing the year 1795, which was the com-
mingo Ramon was present at this piling of the "Relacion Individual," ab-
ceremony. breviated herein as R. I. This detailed re-
port of all the families of San Antonio
Juan Antonio de Luna m. 1723, is dated a t San Antonio, December 31,
1795, and signed by Jose Felix Mencha-
Maria Treviho (she d. 1748): ca. It gives the names of all heads of fam-
ilies, with place and date of birth, mar-
1 Andres de Jesus, b. 1727; conf. 1759. riages, children, and servants in each
2 Francisco ( ? ) , b. 1728. household, with similar data for each.
3 Joseph, b. 1729. The total population given in 1,192 souls.
4 Matheana Josefa, m. 1st, Joseph Pe- Jose Felix Menchaca might have been
res, called "Arroyo"; and m. 2nd, the father of:
1757, Chris. Peres. i Serafina, m. 1st ( ? ) , 1772, Tomas
Salvador de Luna was a witness del Toro; and m. 2nd, Basilia Solis;
by whom Jose Martin, b. 1787; and
in 1720. He m. Maria Guerra Jose de Jesus, b. 1788.
4 Joaquin, q. s.
(she d. 1721) and their son, Juan 5 Pedro Joseph, conf. 1759. a t which time
Joseph, d. 1722. his father was called Francisco Mencha-
ca, and his mother, Antonia de U r r u t i a ;
FeUpe de Luna came to San q. s.
Antonio in 1757, from CoahuUa. In 1724 Francisco Minchaca
He was the son of Maria Josefa (sic) was a soldier of the presidio
de la Cerda, resident of San Fer- of Rio Grande del Norte. At about
nando de Austria, in Coah. He midnight of March 9, of that year,
had two brothers, Santos and he arrived at San Antonio and re-
Francisco; and a sister, Francisca. ported that his companion, Anto-
He was killed by the Comanches, nio Gonzales, a courier bearmg dis-
at 4: P. M., November 4, 1780, patches from the viceroy to La Ba-
while coming from the San Juan hia, had been kUled by Indians
Mission. He was buried at San about 15 leagues away. They were
Jose Mission.203 attacked by six nude Indians on
203 " B . A., 1780; intestate.
horseback. "Gonzales was wound- Cordova, Joseph Menchaca was ap-

ed by two arrows and feU from his pointed First Lieutenant of the
horse, but Minchaca managed to Company of Cavalry of the Presi-
get away by thraetening his pur- dio of San Antonio de Bexar.207
suers with his gun, and, keeping During the absence of Govemor
them at a distance, he reached a Cabello from Bexar, First Lieut.
ravine half a league away from Jose Menchaca acted as Coman-
Arroyo de los Payayas. Here he dante Ad Interim. At the election
unsaddled his horse and rode in to for abilitado (paymaster) of the
San Antonio to give the alarm." company, he received the same
In subsequent testimony it was number of votes as Lieut. Bernar-
stated that these were not Apache do Fernandez. Governor CabeUo
Indians, as they were nude, and then exercised the rights bestowed
moreover, if they had been said upon him by the Royal Regulations
Flores, "they would never have al- for Presidios, 1, 14, and appointed
lowed Minchaca to escape, but Fernandez to the position. This
would have foUowed him. even in- appointment, confirmed by decree
to the settlement and kUled him dated October 12, 1780, by De Croix
there." Minchaca's declaration and at Arispe, was received in San An-
Captain Nicolas Flores' testimony tonio on January 4, 1781, at which
are cited in Dunn's Apache Rela- time Fernandez assumed official
tions. duties as abUitado.208
II. Luis Antonio (1), was appoint- It is interesting to note that
ed Commander at Bexar in 1763. Jose Menchaca received the votes
He also served as justicia mayor of of Sargeant Manuel de Urrutia and
the VUla of San Fernando. He m, First Alferez Marcelo Valdes. Short-
1744, Ignacia Nuhes MoriUo (Mi- ly after, Captain Luis Menchaca
guel and Josefa Flores): and his son, Lieut. Jose Menchaca,
1 Joseph Nicolas de la Santisima Trinidad, became impUcated in unfortunate
b. 1746; q. s.
2 Luis Mariano, b. in San Antonio, 1748; circumstances, and an investiga-
was a shop keeper; m. Maria Concepcion
de Estrada: S. P., but probably adopted
tion was ordered to ascertain what
Maria Josefa Rodriguez, and Jose Maria had become of certain goods and
Rodriguez. Luis Mariano was known as effects (para indagar donde han
one of the first "pobladores" of the
ranches of Bexar.205 salido los dhos. Generos y efectos),
3 Miguel George, b. 1751.
4 Vicente Maria, b. 1753.
in consequence of which it was in-
IH. Jose (1), in the absence of dispensable that Lieut. Jose Men-
Francisco Prou, was appointed al- chaca leave the Presidio of San
ferez of the company in San An- Antonio owing to his "fatal con-
tonio.206 On March, 1774, he was duct." He was subsequently trans-
appointed alferez ad interim. The ferred for duty to CoahuUa.2*-*
seal of Don Joseph de Gorraez At the end of 1783, Lieut. Joseph
Beaumont y Navarra on this docu- Menchaca, in service on the Rio
ment in the Bexar Archives is Grande, was promoted to Captain
particularly interesting. Upon the of the Company of Aguaverde, sub-
retirement of Don Christoval de sequent to the death of Captain
205 B. A.. 1782, "Dilig.," No. 96.
206 " B . A.," Mexico, Sept. 3, 1771.
207 "A. G. L," Guadajarala. 104-6-8, October 15, 1776.
208 "B. A.." 1780, "Dilix.s Ynstruhidas," No. 93.
209 "B. A." 7-15-1780, No. 256; 9-20-1780; and "Oficio" No. 262, which was quoted, but
which is not to be found in the archives at Austin.
Juan Antonio Serrano; though in- ord. Joseph Menchaca and his wife
structions from De Croix, CabeUo's Maria Encarnacion Rodriguez had
predecessor, were that Pedro Lopez two daughters, Gertrudis, and Ma-
should be transferred to that post ria Josefa.
on first opportunity, and not Jose n . Joaquin (4), son of Francisco
Menchaca.210 When Joseph Men- or Jose Antonio and Antonia de
chaca retired as Second Lieuten- Urrutia, m. 1754, Juana Delgado:
ant, January 22, 1794, he was suc- 1 Maria Ignacia, b. 1755.
2 Maria Luisa, b. 1756; m. Francisco
ceeded by Joseph de SUva, who had Montes.
been Sargeant agregado at La Ba- 3 Antonia Blasa, b. 1759.
4 Joseph Macario, b. 1763.
hia.2n 5 Joseph Manuel, b. 1766.
6 Maria Gertrudis. b. 1767.
By deed of May 17, 1804, in the 7 Felipe Santiago Joseph Joaquin, b. 1769
Spanish Archives, Joseph Mencha- 8
9
Joseph Miguel Eduardo, b. 1771.
Joseph Fernando, b., 1773; m. 1804,
ca sold to Ygnacio Peres "a house Tomasa Ximenes (Toribio and Canu-
situated in the vUlage of San Fer- te R a m d n ) ; parents of Jose Manuel,
b. 1810.
nando de Bexar, on the west side II. Pedro (Pedro Joseph 5?), came
of MiUtary Plaza, bounded east by to San Antonio in 1744 from the
the barracks and said Plaza; north Rio Grande, where he was very
by the house of Maria Luisa Guer- Ukely in miUtary service; m. 1756
rero; south by the house of An- Gracia Leal (Juan and Maria Mag-
dres del VaUe; and west by the San dolena Flores):
Pedro Creek, said house having it 1 Gavino Lucas, q. a.
2 Mauricio Micaela, b. 1762.
corresponding depth, west, to the 3 Maria Magdalena, b. 1765.
said creek." This is the property 4 Joseph Antonio, b. 1767.
commonly known today as the IH. Gavino (1), b. 1759, spent 14
Governors* Palace. The deed was yrs. in Nacogdoches. He m. in San
executed before the alcalde, Ma- Antonio, Maria Ignacia CarUlo:
1 Maria Marcela. b. 1799.
nuel Barrera. 2 Maria Lorenza, b. 1801.
3 Maria Concepcidn Ursula, b. 1811.
In a deed of July 12, 1805, in the
Spanish Archives, to Antonio Ruiz. DE PALMA Y CARILLO
Jose Menchaca is described as Juan Antonio de Palma y Ca-
Captam of Cavalry, retired (con rUlo, from Real de Boca de Leones,
retire) in the Presidio of Aguaver- or the Punta de Lampasos, m. Jua-
de, and resident in the VUla of San na Flores (Sanches) :
Fernando, with permission from 1 Jose de Jesus, m. 1800, Maria Antonia
superior officers. del Toro (Tomas and Maria Serafina
Menchaca).
Joseph Menchaca married Ma- 2 Jose Maria, m. Antonia Garcia (Jose
Antonio and Maria Luisa Rodriguez):
ria Encarnacion Rodriguez, daugh- i Maria Gertrudis, b. 1807.
ter of Lieut. Col. Vicente Rodri- ii Maria Encarnacion, b. 1814.
3 Maria Ignacia. m. Gavino Menchaca.
guez and Maria Encarnacion Xime- 4 Fernando, b. 1775; m. 1805, Elogia de
nes. This marriage certificate was Ios Santos (Cabo. Francisco and Re-
fugia R a m 6 n ) :
dated Chihuahua, Febmary 18, i Juan Francisco, b. 1806.
1800, and was the first to appear I.Marcos Menchaca, who received
in the Bexar Archives, remaining a grant from the Spanish Crown
in the Spanish Archives at San in 1762, had seen quite a bit of
Antonio. This is not a church rec- miUtary service before coming to
210 The vacancy caused by Menchaca's promotion was filled by Don Juan Antonio de
Arce, Lieut, of the presidio of the "joining" of the Norte and Conchos Rivers.—"B. A., " 1 1 -
26-1783 .No. 796, "Respondo con el..."
211 "A. G. L," Guadalajara, 104-6-8.
San Antonio. Prom 1750 to 1761, he IV. Maria Antonia (3), m. 1857, P.
was at the Presidio of San Xavier, E M. Neuendorff:
in San Marcos and in San Saba. 1 Frederick, d. y.
2 Antonio, d. y.
He had been at Santa Rosa, and 3 Aurora, d. y.
on the Rio Grande as weU. His 4
5
Adela, m. Bonifacio Dias.
John, m. Mary Lempke:
grant was located on the San Pe- i Frederick Maximilian, m. Dora
dro, bounded north by Jacinto Her- Seiderman; parents of Frederick
Maximilian, and Philip Jacob.
nandez, south by unoccupied lands, 6 Maria Antonia, d.: S. A.
and east by a Camino Real, and 7 Ana-
8 Teresa.
his own lands. To the west were IV. Antonia Manuela (4), m. 1852.
also unoccupied lands. Marcos Jean Batiste Ducuron La Coste, of
Menchaca and Josefa Cadena had: Tarbes, Gascony, France. An aunt.
1 Antonio.
2 Juan Mariano, q. s. Julema du Four, was Uving in New
3
4
Juan Francisca.
Francisco Antonio, q. s.
Orleans. Antonia and Jean had:
5 Joseph Manuel, b. 1768; m. 1802, Ma- 1 Zulema, b. 1855; m. 1875, Ferdinand
ria Guadalupe Rodriguez, wid. of Ma- Herff.
nuel Uriegas, came to San Antonio 2 Maria, who sang in St. Mary's choir.
in 1790 from Valle de Santa Rosa. 3 Sofia.
6 Maria Josefa, b. 1763; m. Jose Ma- 4 Lucien, q. s.
nuel Flores. 5 Nita, d.
7 Bruni, m. Encarnacion Peres; parents 6 Amelie.
of Jose Marcos Luciano, b. 1784.
8 Diego, of the Presidio of San Sabas,
V. Lucien (4) m. Helen Merriam
d. before or in 1772, according to the (John J. and AmeUa EUzabeth Lob-
Bexar Archives; q. s. ering):
II. Juan Mariano (2), m. after 1786, 1 Lucien Jean Batiste, J r .
Maria Luz Guerra, daughter of 2 Elizabeth Merriam.
Joaquin Guerra and Guadalupe de II. Francisco (4), was in military
AvUa, of mixed blood: service in Santa Rosa, and return-
1 Concepcion, m. Manuel de la P e n a :
i Jose Lazaro, b. 1806.
ed to San Antonio from the Rio
ii Juana Francisca, b. 1809. Grande in 1759. He m. Josefa Ca-
2 Joseph Manuel, who according to fam- brera (Guerra):
ily tradition, was murdered by some
Mexicans, and this is the reason they 1 Maria Gertrudis, m .1804. Jose Carva-
give for joining the Anglo-Americans, jal, an Indian.
in the cause of Texas Independence. 2 Maria Asencion. b. 1784.
3 Joseph Antonio, q. s. 3 Marcos, b. 1773.
4 Maria Josefa, b. 1804. 4 J u a n Manuel, b. 1774.
5 Francisco Candido. b. 1807. 5 Joseph Faustino.
6 Maria Antonia, b. 1809; m. 1852, An- 6 Jose Luciano, m. 1804, Rolacia Duran
tonio Ybarbo Sanches: (Hercevio and Francisca Martines),
i Luis, Jr., d. in San Antonio. wid. of an Indian.
i Maria Gertrudis, b. 1807; m. 1825,
n i . Joseph Antonio (3), common- Francisco Sanderos, from San Ni-
monly known as Antonio Mencha- colas.
ii Maria Nicolasa, b. 1815
caa, the Texas patriot, who was so iii Jose Trinidad, b. 1819.
conspicuous in the Battle of San iv Jose Manuel, b. 1810.
7 Teodoro, b. 1782.
Jacinto, author of the Memoirs, re- 8 Maria Gertrudis, b. 1786; m. 1804, Jo-
se Carlo Carvajal, an Indian.
cently published by the Yunaguana 9 Jose Estanislas, b. 1789.
Society; m. Teresa Ramon (Martin 10 J u a n Francisco Antonio, b. 1791.
and Ana AguUar): n . Diego (8), m. before 1783, Ro-
1 Maria de Jesus, b. 1825. salia (Martmez) Rodriguez, prob-
2 Joaquina, q. s. ably the daughter of Jose Antonio
3 Maria Antonia Catalina, q. s.
4 Antonia Manuela, q. s. and Antonia del Toro:
IV. Joaquina (2), m. 1846, Juan 1 Juan Jose. q. s.
Joel Glanton (WUUam and Mar- IH. Juan Jose, b. in San Antonio;
garita) : volunteered, July 13, 1795; m. 1805,
1 John William, b. 1847.
2 Joaquina Margarita, b. 1849; m. a
Margarita Chaves (Francisco and
Spaniard, Sr. Quesada; by whom: Ra- Juana Padron):
fael, and Carida.
1 Jose Maria,, q. s. (Juan Antonio and Josefa de la

2 Gertrudis, m. Juan Manuel Rivas; pa-
rents of Gertrudis, who m. J u a n Cha- Garza), and their daughter Maria
ves. Jesusa, m. 1st, 1841, Jose Maria
IV. Jose Maria, (?), b. 1810, d. 1840; Ramires (Jose Maria and Maria
m. Concepcion Martmez (Manuel Rafaela CueUar); m. 2nd 1881,
and Paula Ortis): Clemente BustiUo y Cebaiios, prob-
1 Bernabe, q. s. ably the son of Alejo and Josefa
2 Margarita, m. Bruno Villareal.
de la Garza.
V. Bernabe (1), m. 1857, Genoveva Joseph Xavier Menchaca fUled
Falcon (Isidro and Gertrudis Gar- the vacancy of 2nd Alferez in San
cia) : Antonio, Ftebruary 22, 1789. He
1 Jose, m. 1909, Manuel Zapata (Ma-
nuel and Amada Gonzales of Laredo). had meritoriously served as Sar-
2 Santiago, m. Maria Vasquez: geant of the Company of San Juan
i Jose, m. Aurora Barrera; and
had Elvira. Bautista.21s Accordmg to the Bexar
ii Rafaela, m. Diego Flores, from
Mexico; and had: Ricardo, Mi- Archives, he acknowledged receipt
nerva, and Irene. of his commission on November
Manuel Menchaca was appoint- 23, 1788. His arrival at Bexar was
ed 2nd Alferes, March 31, 1796, af- reported on March 21, 1789, when
ter meritorious service as Sargeant he assumed duties in the cuar-
at Monclova, succeeding Don Joseph tel&*
Gervasio de Silva.212 By his 2nd Cayetano Menchaca, and his
wife, Rosalia de la Garza he had wife Maria Florencia Trevino, were
five children, of whom Manuel, m. Spaniards, and they had a son
Maria Antonia Peres Casanova Jose Miguel.2is
T HE Spanish hold on east Texas was not long undisturbed.

"The death of Louis XIV, closed a great era of French history....
From 1715 to 1723 came the reaction of the Regency, with its marvel-
lous effrontery, innovating spirit and frivolous immorality." The Duke
of Orleans, son of the princess palatine and Louis XIV's brother, held
the Regency, as Louis XV was but five years of age. The action of the
Regency however, was crippled owing to the wUl of Louis XIV, by which
he "delegated aU the power of the government to a councU" of which
the Duke of Maine, legitimatized son of Louis XIV, had the first, but
Madame de Maintenon and the Jesuits the predominant place. On
September 2, 1715, parliament "set aside the wUl in favor of the duke
of Orleans, who thus together with the title of regent had all the real
power."
Now Alberoni, who had won the favor of the Duke of Vendome,
commander of the French forces in Italy in the war of the Spanish
succession, and who had been favorably presented to Louis XIV, was
sympathetic to the old or legitimists' regime, and held an open hatred
for the Duke of Orleans. As prime minister, and then (1717) cardinal,
he was compeUed to consider the maternal greed of the new queen,
Elizabeth Farnese of Parma, who without doubt, aspired to conquer
212 "A. G. I." Guadalajara, 104-6-8.
213 "A. G. L," Guadalajara, 104-6-8.
214 "B. A.." April 7, 1789; and 3-21-1789, No. 325.
215 "B. A „ " Sept. 1781, "Digo yo..."
thrones. The reactionary foreign poUey of the Regency, too, had closed
an alliance between France and her ancient enemies, England (now
beginning her empire over the seas) and HoUand (reinstaUed in her
commercial position). The treaty of Utrecht left PhUip V and the Em-
peror dissatisfied. The Uttle principaUties of Savoy and Brandenburg
had profited too much by European wars not to wish their perpetua-
tion. The maritime powers of the Baltic were suffering a crisis. The
Turks were active on the Danube. This then, was the opportunity
which the Cardinal Alberoni was seeking. If he could set fire to aU
this inflamable material, he might snatch from the conflict a crown for
Spain. But this dream was shattered by the priest Dubois, whose com-
mon sense, at the disposal of the regent's interests, brought about Eu-
ropean peace, with the triple alUance at the Hague. The Spanish fleet
was destroyed before Syracuse, the intrigue of the Spanish ambassador
with the Duke of Maine "to exclude the famUy of Orleans from the suc-
cession on Louis XV's death was discovered and repressed; and Mar-
shaU Berwick burned the dockyards at Pasajes in Spain." The treaty
of London, in 1720, put an end to Spanish ambitions for the time.
The impatience of the king and his wife had given the minister no
time to mature his plans. The attempt to recover Sardinia and SicUy
had provoked the armed intervention of France and England, and
brought a flood of disaster on Spain. Alberoni was held responsible, and
was banished to Italy.
The British fleet attacked even Peru and ChUe.
The war of 1719 was not long in spreading to New Spain, where
the local situation was not favorable to the circumstances. Trie new
settlers were dissatisfied; nor were they of satisfactory quahties. The
missionaries lodged comphants against the men of 1718, whom they
said were useless; they complained as weU, that a sufficient number of
troops had not been sent out.
But as usual, the French, and particularly those of the American
continent, were availing themselves of every opportunity to carry out
their own schemes. The unsuccessful issue of the expedition under
Saint-Denis so disappointed Anthony Crozat, who had expected quick
returns of wealth, that he surrendered his charter, August 13, 1717, to
the so-caUed Westem Company, afterwards incorporated with the great
Company of the Indies, under the direction of the notorious John Law.
BienvUle founded New Orleans (1718). In this same year (1718) seven
vessels were sent from France with stores and immigrants; eleven fol-
lowed during the next year (1719). Five hundred negroes from the
Guinea coast were imported (1719), and many hundreds more soon fol-
lowed. In 1719, the Company of the Indies sent out, in fact, 1000 Eu-
ropeans to people Louisiana.
In the meantime (1719) a very deUcate correspondence was taking
place between Bernard de la Harpe, who had just estabUshed a French
post among the Nassonites on Red River above Natchitoches, and Father
MargU, superior of the Texas missions. Garrison says "La Harpe wrote
a most cordial letter to the good father, professing great reverence for
him, and an earnest desire that they should maintain perfect harmony
which should be useful in upbuUding the missions. He went on to say

that he knew that suppUes were necessary in order to preach the gospel,
and that he would suggest a sure way of getting them. MargU had only
to write to his friends in New Mexico, Parral and Nuevo Leon, that they
could find among the Natchitoches or Nassonites all sorts of European
merchandise at reasonable prices, on which they could make a sure
profit. La Harpe would fix prices with them and give Margil 5% of
sales. He urged this as an effective means of opening trade, of serving
many persons who needed the goods and of estabUshing the missions
surely; and he averred that the offer came from a heart devoted to his
reverence, in which benevolence had a larger place than any other
motive. FinaUy, he begged for ten cows and two bulls, praying Margil
would send to him for a supply of maize and beans in retum, and re-
marked that he had sent by the bearer a present for the padre, con-
sisting of ten pieces of Brittany Unen and one piece of damask."
By the same courier a brief and courteous communication was sent
to Govemor Alarcon, transmitting a diplomatic note from Bienville.
Answers were soon retumed to both these communications. The Gov-
ernor's was short and direct. WhUe he wished to keep on the best of
terms with his neighbors, he expressed surprise that the French had
settled among the Nassonites on territory belonging to Spain, and sug-
gested that he might have to force them to withdraw.
"But MargU wrote in a very different tone. He said that he had
heard of the arrival of La Harpe among the Nassonites and wished to
know him, and the he should prize his friendship and seek to merit it.
He accepted with joy trie proposal of harmony. He said he would write
to his friends as La Harpe had suggested; but, as it was not fitting for
a reUgious to engage in trade, their correspondence would best be secret,
not only for fear of possible consequences, but because they were not
friends with Alarcon, and he might foU their purposes. He did not think,
however, that Alarcon would stay long in the province. There were
many complaints agamst him; for example, he had not executed the
viceroy's orders, nor had he dealt properly with the Indians. MargU pro-
mised to keep La Harpe weU posted, and said that when the streams
fell he would sent him four cows and a buU, which were aU he could
spare just then."
After the surrender of Pensacola (May 19, 1719) to the French, it
was promptly observed that with the Spaniards on their west, the
French were in a conflict, in which they apparently had the advantage.
They had a much greater number of people to caU upon than had the
Spaniards. Their relations with the Indians were more reliable and
successful than those of the Spaniards. Their rivers were navigable;
and they had a continual Une of settlements to maintain and assist
them, adds the Testimonio.
In June, 1719, the Spanish missionaries on the eastem border fled
to Bexar, leaving their establishments to be plundered and destroyed by
the Indians. The reports regarding this incident, are conflicting. Bo-
niUa says that on the same day in the month of June, foUowing the
invasion of the Presidio of Panzacola, "Don Luis de San Denis took
the opportunity to relieve his outraged feelings [for he had been placed
under arrest by the Spanish who accused him of irregular trade with
Coahuila], by attacking, with the aid of the Indians of the North, the
missions of los Adaes and Texas and compelling their inhabitants to re-
treat posthaste to the Presidio of San Antonio de Vexar." "The religious
who escaped carried the news to the other missions near by. The sol-
diers, terrified by a rumor that the French from Pensacola were about
to invade the country, overruled 'the determination of the missionaries,*
and all retreated to San Antonio."
BonUla adds that Saint-Denis would have succeeded in dislodging
the Spaniards from the province, had not His Excellency the Viceroy,
Marques de Valero, accepted the worthy and laudable proposition which
the Marques de San Miguel de Aguayo made him, in offering his for-
tune and his person to carry on the war against the French.
Joseph Ramon de Azlor (2nd son of the 1st Count of Guara and
Josefa Maria Virto de Vera), was Marques de Aguayo in virtue of his
marriage with Ignacia Xaviera Echeverz, heiress of the 1st Marques de
San Miguel de Aguayo, Don Agustin, and his wife, Francisca de Valdes
Alcega y Urdihola, also an heiress,—of the Urdihola and Lopez de Lois,
whose estate was one of the largest and most productive in the new
world, covering more than half of the province of Nueva Extremadura,
and considerable portions of Nueva Vixcaya and of Zacatecas. Their
principal haciendas were Los Patos and Las Parr as in Nueva Vixcaya;
and Bonanza, Real de Mazapil, in Nueva Galacia. They also had con-
siderable estates in Spain.216
The first notice of Aguayo in relation to Texas was in 1715 and
1716, when he corresponded with the viceroy asking that Joseph de
Urrutia, who had accompanied the Teran expedition, 1691, be sent to
discover the Gran Quivira, "of whose wonders and riches he had heard
from an Indian from the interior during his sojourn among the Texas
tribes." At a junta in 1715, it was decided to ask both Aguayo and Urru-
tia for detailed reports regarding the solicited expedition. Aguayo in ac-
cordance with a request, described the lands as best he could from In-
dian accounts. He suggested that he be allowed to provide Urrutia with
10 or 12 men, and that Urrutia go incognito, depending for aid on his
following among the friendly Indians. Urrutia however, did not re-
port, as requested, and the correspondence closed, January 11, 1716. His
report was considered the more important as he was to be the leader
of the expedition.
In consequence of information from the viceroy conceming con-
dition in Texas which brought about the Alarcon Expedition, and of
correspondence from Gregorio de Salinas in Pensacola, warning that
the French would occupy San Bernardo Bay, the king issued the viceroy
a royal cedula, June 11, 1718, with specific instructions for meeting an
emergency. On November 1, 1719, the king issued another order, re-
peating in effect, the foregoing, adding that as the French were oc-
cupying territory to which they had no right whatever, the necessary
216 West, "Bonilla's Brief Compendium," in "Quarterly", VIII, 31, and note 4.
and Chabot,
PknkAf "The 'Powerful
••"T'l-iia P n i i r o f f i i l Aguayos,"
A o n n v n s " Ms
Ma
SPANISH-MEXICANS ill
provisions should be made, causing them to abandon it. Aguayo, who

was appointed govemor of CoahuUa and Texas, December 19, 1719, was
accordingly instructed by the viceroy, for the erection of a fort on the
Cadodacho River. But in the midst of preparations, the viceroy re-
ceived news of the truce between France and Spain, and his original
instructions to Aguayo were modified (October 5, 1720). Now, only a
defensive war with the French was to be maintained and additional con-
fidential instructions were given Aguayo for the reception of French-
ment who might wish to join the Spanish force or to live among the
Spaniards. The viceroy informed the king of his instructions for the
erection of a fort, in spite of the late truce, and for the increase of the
forces occupying Texas. The king approved in cedula of March 16,
1721, ordering that if the French should make any continuance of their
designs, the viceroy was to have them thrust by force from the pro-
vince, and from the rest of what they had occupied in the last war.
Then, in consideration of European poUtics, the King ordered the im-
mediate suspension of his orders of November 19, 1719, and March 16,
1720, though stiU approving the plan for the erection of a presidio.
Peiia, in his Diary of the Aguayo Expedition, says, the Marques de
Aguayo ,upon hearing of the French invasion, wrote to his Excellency
and offered in the service of the King, his estate, his life and his sword.
"In reply his Excellency sent him a commission in which, in the name
of his Majesty, he appomted him governor of those provinces. As soon
as he had received this communication his Lordship answered that in
the service of his Majesty he was most wilUng to go, even as a com-
mon soldier, on such a glorious expedition, and added that since the
discovery of America there had never been such daring enemies and
that the protection of those dominions from the imminent peril which
threatened them was a matter of the utmost importance.
"He set out immediately, and reached this town (Monclova) of
CoahuUa on October 21. Informed of existing conditions, he brought
to his Execellency's attention the fact that those kingdoms (Texas and
CoahuUa) were open to attack, because of insufficient troops, and
stressed the need of a larger force on the frontier. Acting on this in-
formation, the Viceroy ordered that 500 men be recruited in Queretaro,
Zacatecas, San Luis Potosi, Zelaya and Aguas Calientes, and that the
sum of 450 pesos for each soldier be handed over to the Marquis in
order that he might pay their salaries for one year in advance, and
also 25,000 pesos with which to defray other expenses of the expedi-
tion."
The first urgent recruiting had already begun in Leon, SaltiUo, and
Parras, for which the Marques had donated 9,000 pesos from his priv-
ate funds.
The gathering of 120 recruits and 500 horses in Zelaya will throw
an interesting light on the condition of the times, as well as on the
character of many of those who accompanied the miUtary expeditions
into Texas. Aguayo's representative soon reported gross abuses on the
part of the alcalde mayor with the levy, since he could benefit his
jurisdiction by thus getting rid of its vagabonds: a policy not unlike
112 WTTH THE MAKERS OF SAN ANTONIO
some of our modern emigration schemes. He was willing to supply not

only 120, but 200 men. The commissioners appomted to carry out his
plans pressed into service 250 men, forcibly relieving them of their
private possessions. FinaUy only 117 of them were reported, the bal-
ance having been used to the advantages of the commissioners, who
released such of them as were able to buy their freedom. Of the 117,
only 110 accepted service; of these, only 27 were married, whUe the
orders stipulated that the recruits be married men accompanied by
their famUies. Of a command of 500 or more men, in those tunes, it
was not to be expected that aU of them should be of the most carefuUy
selected classes. It is true, that many of the men under Aguayo, had
served prison terms; but the reasons for their arrest are not given.
Arrest was not a serious matter in those days; indeed, at one time, the
entire cabildo, a group of San Antonio's most representative citizens,
were arrested.
WhUe Aguayo was awaiting suppUes in Monclova, Father MargU
was awaiting the expedition in San Antonio. On December 26, 1719, he
addressed Aguayo from the San Antonio de Valero Mission, stating
that that mission had been founded by the Rev. F. OUvares for the Col-
lege of Queretaro, and that the one he wished to found was for the
CoUege of Zacatecas, for the love of God Our Lord, and Our Lady of
Guadalupe. He requested Aguayo, through the generosity of the king,
to grant an order and his personal commission, to Captain Juan Val-
des, who was Lieut. Gen. on that frontier, to select a convenient site for
the proposed mission, and show it to the reUgious, and also give them
possession of it, in the name of H. M.; in the saone manner as was done
in the case of Captain Domingo Ramon and the six missions which he
founded and lost in the province of Texas, upon the invasion of the
French. San Antonio and its vicinity was just where the Zacatecans
desired to estabUsh a mission, as it could be the center of activity for
them, from which to go out and found other missions, as he already
been done by the Queretarans in Texas, and in the north of Mexico,
and by the Zacatecans themselves in the south, to Tampico.
This, the first mission which the Zacatecans were requesting at
the site of San Antonio, was very necessary to them. Father Margil
explamed that as Senor OUban was already weU versed in the matter,
he could have let them have it, without their having to go through the
formaUties of requesting the permission. The mission, he stated, would
be an ospicio where the Zacatecans could meet, without being of fur-
ther responsibUity or burden, to the Queretarans, with whom they
were obUged to seek hospitahty, in the absence of a mission of their
own ( . . . a nos es mui necesaria y como ya estaba en todo esto el senor
Oliban como hauia de benir luego nos la hubiera entregado por que ha
de ser como cauesera de las que Dios . . . y S. Mag. fundard por oca y
como ospicio donde estemos juntos los de nro Colegio sin ser inerosos
a los del de Queretaro). The Zacatecans were actuaUy much more in
need of a mission than the Queretarans, who already had their head-
quarters at the Punta, which served as an ospicio for those of their
coUege who wished to enter Texas, and who had as weU the mission of
Valero at San Antonio, which served the same purpose, and where the
Zacatecans were guests.
The Queretarans offered serious opposition to this proposal for a
Zacatecan mission at San Antonio, on the grounds that the viceroy,
Valero, had given them San Antonio and its vicinity, and that the In-
dians for the new mission proposed by the Zacatecans, were enemies
of those at the Valero mission.
The Zacatecans had already come to an arrangement with the
Nation caUed the Pampoas, who had always been faithful and friend-
ly to the Spaniards, and who were very much afraid of the neighboring
nations. Three captains of the Pampoas had already come to see the
Zacatecan fathers, and in the name of aU of their nation, requested
that a mission be founded for them. They had observed how com was
gathered at the mission of San Antonio de Valero, and they too, wished
to cultivate and gather much of it. Other neighboring nations as weU,
were desirous of missions.
Father MargU added that great ornaments were not necessary for
the proposed mission, as they already had an image of San Joseph,
which was bequeathed to the Zacatecans, with the condition that it be
used in the mission which would be founded by the Zacatecans and
named San Joseph. So it was the intention of the Zacatecans to caU
the proposed mission San Joseph, with the second name of San Miguel
de Aguayo, in honor of the govemor, if he found it weU.
It would be necessary, as was the custom, to give presents to the
Indians gathered there; and the Zacatecans had already received some
flannel (zayalete), baize or thick flannel (bayeta) and some glass beads
(abalorios) from some good benefactors. It would be necessary, how-
ever, for the mission to have some oxen and com for tilling and sowing.
From the Texas missions they could only procure a few ornaments and
the necessary food stuffs. The Zacatecans beseached Aguayo to accept
the patronage of the mission, and to order the Presidio of San Antonio
to send some soldiers with oxen and com to begin the work.21?
On January 22, 1720, after having received notices from aU the sur-
rounding places of the said viUa (San Antonio), that there were many
docUe and friendly nations desirous of being shown the evangeUc Ught
(the nearest and first being the Pampoas, who numbered about 200),
the Marques de Aguayo commissioned Lieut. Gen., Capt. Juan Baldes, in
the name of the king, and of himself, as Gov. and Capt. Gen. of the
Province of CoaguUa, Nueva Estremadura and of Texas of the New
PhUipines, to select a site which would seem most convenient and where
there was abundant water and fertUe land for fields and pastures of
every kind, and found on it a mission with the name of San Joseph de
San Miguel de Aguayo, and that possession of the same be given the
Most Rev. Father Fr. Antonio Marjil de Jesus, President of said Preach-
217 "A. G. I., Guadalajara, 1710-1738; 67-3-11: "Testimonio for the possession of mis-
sion San Jose: "Fr. Ant. Marjil de Jesus, Pres. of the Missions of Guadalupe, to D. Joseph
de Azlor V. de V. Marquis of San Miguel de Aguayo... Capt. Gen. of the Provinces of Coa-
guila, Nueva Estremadura and Thexas, New Philipines, from; the Mission of S. A. de Valero,
December 26, 1719...; and "Marques de Aguayo, Villa de Santiago de la Monclova, Cavesera
de esta Provincia de San Francisco de Coaguila," January 22, 1720.
ing Missionary Fathers, with the ceremonies provided by law, and that
the appropriate governors and officers be appomted from the sons so
congregated.
On February 23, 1720, Captam Juan Baldes reported to Aguayo that
with the commission sent him from Monclova, and in the name of H.
M., and of the Marques de Aguayo, he had given possession to the Pam-
popas, the Pestias and the Suliajames... Captain Lorenzo Garcia acting
as interpreter; and as he could not write, Capt. Baldes signed for him;
he was aged about 38 years. Those present were Fr. Antonio de San
Buena Ventura Olivares, of the San Antonio de Valero Mission, Pr. An-
tonio MarjU de Jesus, as Prelate, and others: fathers, missionaries, in-
cluding Fr. Joseph Guerra, and soldiers, with the Alferez Nicolas Flo-
res y Baldes.
The party arrived at the point where water was taken from the
San Antonio River for irrigation purposes, where they found the Rev.
Fathers Fr. Agustin Patron and Fr. Miguel Nuhes de Haro, in a jacal,
accompanied by some soldiers who were posted there at the orders of
Captain Alonzo de Cardenas. The entire party, including the Quere-
taran missionaries, whose requests Captain Baldes had refused to com-
ply with, in obedience to superior orders, and whom he required to wit-
ness these ceremonies, with Capt. Alonzo de Cardenas and his com-
pany of 80 men, his sergeant, Nicolas Flores y Valdes, and Captain Lo-
renzo Garcia (the last two having already participated in such a cere-
mony), with the Indian captains, inspected the lands, pasturages and
the river which was nearby, and as there was much wood and many
poplars, with open spaces for the cattle to graze, it seemed the best
place for the location of the church and pueblo. A high spot was chosen
for the buUdings. Inquiry was made as to the distances from the mis-
sion San Antonio de Valero, and the reply was about 3 leagues. Here
possession was then given. They aU shook hands with the Indian
chiefs. Then the Indians were instructed through the interpreter, as
to their duties in tilling the soU, and in teaching their chUdren to do
the same, as weU as to worshiping the Lord. The water rights were also
granted, all of which was quietly accepted, without any contradiction
whatever; weeds puUed, stones thrown, branches cut from the hill side,
and aU of the customary acts of possession were gone through with, and
all were content with the lands and water. The pueblo was founded
nearby, and called San Joseph de San Miguel de Aguaio de Buena Vista,
in the name of H. M. Captain Baldes stated that he selected a site for
the Church, with ample rights for the cemetery, and all that was cus-
tomary for the convent, hospital and for the Royal Houses and barracks,
and aU other necessities. The plaza was 120 varas square, and the houses
were constructed in the customary manner, and the streets as well.
That the settlement should grow, and prosper, they buUt houses and
huts, and raised Spanish chickens and chachalacas (Gallinas de la
tierra).
In the name of H. M., Juan, the Captain of the Pampopas, was ap-
pointed Governor; Nicolas, the Captam of the SuUajames, was appomted
Alcalde; and Alonzo, Captain of the Pastias, was appointed Alguacil.
Francisco, of the Pampopa nation and Antonio of the Suliajame nation

were appomted regidores.
In due time, the auto of foundation was transmitted to Monclova.
The Rev. Father Fr. Miguel Nunes and Pr. Agustin Patron and the
said soldiers under orders of Captain Alonzo de Cardenas, were left in
charge of the mission and pueblo.21^
The Marques de Aguayo asknowledged the foundation of the Mis-
sion of San Jose from Monclova, March 13, 1720. This was the begin-
ning of a monument which in time outshone aU others in solitary
grandeur, a missionary masterpiece of art and beauty, unrivalled in aU
New Spain. It heralded the approach of the benefactor, the entry of
his expedition, to recover and hold for Spain alone, the Province of
Texas.
Aguayo divided the 500 men "into eight companies, formed a bat-
tahon of mounted infantry under the name of San Miguel de Aragon;
and, having received from his Excellency authorization to appoint of-
ficers, he chose as his heutenant-governor and captain-general Don
Fernando Perez de Almazan, and as captains Don Tomas de Zubiria,
Don Miguel Colon, Don Gabriel Costales, Don Manuel de Herrera, Don
Francisco Becerra Luque, Don Jose de Arroyo, Don Pedro de Oribe and
Don Juan Cantu, and also appomted subaltern officers."
Before setting out Aguayo ordered "the blessing of the standards,
a solemn ceremony performed in honor of Our Lady of PUar, to whose
guidance the entrada was being entrusted. On one of the standards
appeared the images of Our Lady of PUar, Saint Michael and Saint
Raphael, with the motto: Pugnate pro Fide et Rege [Fight for your
Faith and King]; on another those of Our Lady of Guadalupe, St. Mi-
chael and St. Francis Xavier; and on a third that of St. James [the
Greater, apostle of Spain].
Pena says the expedition entered the province of the Texas Indians,
or Nuevas FUipinas, "which is separated from the Province of CoahuUa,
Nueva Estremadura, by the Medina River," on Friday, AprU 4, 1721. That
day they reached San Antonio. "The governor (after his men had
crossed the river) proceeded with the entire battahon to the San An-
tonio de Valero Mission, dedicated to the glorious Saint Anthony of
Padua, in order that all the soldiers might offer their hearts to God
from the time they took their first steps in the Province of Nuevas
FUipinas."
Aguayo received news from Captain Jose Ramon, that Espiritu San-
to Bay had been taken possession of in the name of the Spanish King;
that La Bahia was very beautiful and said to be sufficiently large to
float many vessels. "This news was celebrated with joy befitting the
announcement of so necessary and so important a discovery, for, as this
bay is the key to the province, if it be defended the entire province can
be discovered and within a few days any necessary assistance can be
obtained from Vera Cruz."
218 "Auto" signed by Juan Baldes, Margil, Sebastian Gonzales Ortiz, and a witness, for
the interpreter.
Aguayo also visited San Jose Mission.

At Valero he clothed 240 of both sexes and at San Jose, 227.
Afterwards he clothed in Uke manner 50 Rancheria Grande In-
dians who accompanied Captam Juan Rodriguez, who had come to San
Antonio to request that a mission be estabUshed for them.
Aguayo restored the presidio in the Texas country, founded those
of Adaes and Bahia, and moved that of Bexar to a more satisfactory
location. As in the previous expedition, however, the mission and a
modified form of the civU settlement were also used. Aguayo was ac-
companied by representatives of both the CoUege of Queretaro and that
of Zacatecas—to the number of nine... Aguayo also settled famUies of
soldiers at Adaes. He left the province garrisoned by a force of 268 sol-
diers—100 at Adaes, 90 at Bahia, 25 in the Texas country, and 53 at
Bexar."2"*
On May 31, 1722, His Lordship disbanded the troops, for he had re-
ceived from his ExceUency orders to do this at the end of the expedition,
that is, as soon as he retumed to Monclova. The men, after receiving
their pay and provisions, left for their homes on June 12.
The arms of the Spanish king, says Pena, were covered with glory
on this expedition, because merely by a threat they brought back under
H. M.'s loving sway aU that the French had dominated in that extensive
province. They brought under his dominion the many various and
numerous tribes that inhabited "that territory in the 200 leagues that
lie between the vUla and presidio of San Antonio and N. S. del PUar de
los Adaes, and in the 80 leagues that Ue between San Antonio and Es-
piritu Santo Bay." During this undertaking they displayed a soldier's
valor, constancy and the spirit of endurance, by undergoing hardships
of every description on such long and painful marches, battling agamst
the rampages of rivers and enduring defiantly the inclemencies of the
weather, now the burning heats, now the biting winter frosts, traveUng
onward and subjected to the sudden changes of the torrid and frigid
zones.22©
The Aguayo Expedition was the sixth, and the last of its kind into
Texas. It exceeded aU others in size and results. By increasing the miU-
tary strength of the province of Texas and by the settlement of famiUes,
it secured to Spain her hold on Texas.
Disgusted with Alarcon's faUure to execute orders, Father Fr. Ma-
thias Sanz went to Mexico and made a report to the viceroy, represent-
ing the imminent danger of French invasion and the consequent neces-
sity for settlers. He succeeded in obtaining from the viceroy an order
that famiUes be sought for at once to settle in vUlas, though the plan
was not carried out until Father Espinosa took the matter in hand.
"Some time after Aguayo entered Texas, this priest went to Mex-
ico, and laid before the viceroy his plan for making the Spanish hold
on the country permanent... That the plans of aU the missionaries,
counting Padre MargU in this number, might be evident to aU, it was
219 Austin, "Municipal Government," in "Quarterly," VIII, 287.

220 The account of this expedition is taken from Forrestal, "Pena's Diary of the Agua-
yo Expedition," in "Preliminary Studies," II, v i i ; and Buckley, "The Aguayo Expedition
into Texas and Louisiana 1719-1722," in "Quarterly," XV, i.
our opinion that, in accordance with the Leyes de la Nueva Recopila-

don de las Indias, married men with their famUies, who should desire
to volunteer as settlers, should be taken instead of conscripts—as were
the majority of those previously taken although I am not speaking of
aU. To the men was to be given for two years, the pay of soldiers, to
their wives and to their chUdren over fifteen years of age half pay—
this to be furnished in money in order that they might carry every-
thing necessary for settlers. Upon their arrival in the province, land
was to be assigned each fanuly to cultivate—this to become the prop-
erty of the said family. The famiUes would doubtless cultivate the
lands, regarding their labors as a means of leaving an inheritance to
their children. The latter, being reared in the province, would look
upon it as their fatherland." Espinosa began the work of carrying out
this plan by securing from the viceroy an order authorizing him to pro-
cure famUies. Seven famUies with trades offered to go in the hopes of
bettering their miserable condition. The undertaking was, however,
frustrated by the suggestion of those managing the affair that it would
be better to secure the recruits from various cities. This was done to
Espinosa's displeasure, for he complains that but few persons went vol-
untarily, but that most of them were taken from prison. With these
recuits he joined Aguayo in his expedition into Texas. These settlers
located on the banks of the San Antonio River," in 1721.221
BANUL
I. Juan Banul, the master smith (maestro herrero) from the city
of Brussels, was a member of the Aguayo Expedition, and was one of
the founders of the Presidio of the Adaes. He was Cabo de Escuadra.
He was in San Antonio in or before 1719, and was therefore probably
one of the earUest recruits of the Aguayo Expedition, if not a member
of an earUer expedition, or an independent settler. He was m. to Maria
Adriana Garcia, a Flemish woman, the widow of Manuel Leal. The
records refer to her as "Madam Banul." This famUy Uved just east of
the 1736 grant to Xavier Cantu, the widow of Geronimo de la Garza;
and near Manuel de Carvajal. Juan Banul received a grant in 1741 at
which time it was stated that he had already been in the Royal Ser-
vice for over twenty years, and that he came into Texas with the
Aguayo Expedition. His grant was located near Marcelino Martinez',
and Juan Leal Goraz*. As he could not write, Pedro Ocon y TrUlo sign-
ed for nun. He was buried in San Antonio, March 29, 1775. In 1747
Juan Banul was Uving on the south side of the Potrero. Juan Banul
and Maria Adriana had:
1 Manuela, m. Enrique de Amador (Ignacio Xavier and Maria Nicolasa de Soto).
Juan Banul and Maria Fuentes had a dau. Manuela, 2nd wife of
Manuel Leal.
221 "Representacion," 1787. p. 6, B. A., in "Quarterly," VIH, 289-291.

SEGUIN
ERHAPS, with the exception of the De La Garza, the
Seguin gave the most scrupulous care to their family
records. Erasmo Seguin prepared a Noticia Genealogica
for the information and guidance of his chUdren; it was
signed by him, October 1, 1823. In it he quoted a sim-
ilar Noticia regarding his mother's (the Fuentes Fer-
nandez) family, the original of which was left in SaltiUo
among other papers and curious heirlooms; this Noticia was written by
Pedro Fuentes, the Cura and Asistente real of the Bishopric. To the
Erasmo Seguin Noticia was added the more recent family information,
compiled by Santiago Seguin, and signed by him at Nuevo Laredo, Feb-
ruary 23, 1895.
The famUy of Seguin in Prance is from Gevaudan. WUUam paid
homage to King PhUip Augustus in 1321. James, who lived in 1550, was
the ancestor of the Baron de Prades and the Marquis of Reynies.
Guillaume or GuUlermo de Seguin, the first in America, came from
Paris; he died in 1714, in his 73 year of age, at Aguascalientes, Mexico,
leaving four sons: Jose, Bartolome, Jose Luis and Jose Santiago.
I. Santiago, says Rodriguez in his Memoirs, p.67 was the first mention-
ed in Texas History, and came here in 1722. The church records state
that he was from SaltUlo. He m. Rita Gomez:
1 Joseph Miguel, m. 1752, Gertrudis de Inolosa, widow of Antonio Peres,
I. Bartolome, b. AguascaUentes, m. in San Antonio, Luisa de Ocon y
Trillo (Pedro, of CastUe, and Ignacia Flores Valdes):
1 Santiago, q. s.
£EI. Santiago (1), b. June 8, 1754; who, according to the B. A., departed
for SaltUlo in August, 1803. He m. Guadalupe Fuente Fernandez (To-
ribio and Juana Ramos):
1 Maria
2 Maria Josefa Trinidad, b. 1780.
3 Erasmo, q. s.
4 Juan Angel P o, b. 1784; d. Nacogdoches, August 18, according to the Columbia
"Telegraph and Texas Register" of September 21.
5 Francisco.
6 Jose Geronimo, b. 1787.
7 Pedro Jose,
i n . Juan Jose Maria Erasmo de Jesus (3), was baptized June 2, 1782,
aged seven days; with godparents: Toribio Fuentes and Silvestra Flo-
res (f. 147). He died, accordmg to Brown, II, 232, November 7, 1857;
Woods says, "at his home in what is now Wilson County." "To the
enterprise and energy of General Croix, is to be attributed the es-
tabUshment of maU service throughout the Provincias Internas. Short-
ly after his arrival in Chihuahua in 1778, he reported on the serious
necessity which existed for the extension of the royal mail service to
New Spain to the Provincias, and this was one of the earUest of his re-
forms. Instructions went out to Govemor Cabello of Texas on Feb-
ruary 15, 1779. Cabello repUed, advising Croix that service had been
instituted as ordered. In due time a direct maU route was estabUshed
between Arispe and San Antonio de Bexar. . . . On Febmary 1, 1780,
Governor Cabello was given permission to frank aU official mail, and
directed to keep a record of the amounts involved"—(B. A., 1771,
Diligencias, No. 41, 1779; Burgos, Administration of Theodoro de Croix,

Thesis, pp.334-335). In 1802 Don Francisco Xavier Galvan was in
charge of the administration of mails at San Antonio. There were
other post offices at Bahia and at Nacogdoches, the latter in charge of
Don Jose Luis de la Vega.—(B. A., June 9, 1802, Queda publicada en esta
prova). On November 16, 1822, Jesus Maria de Ybarra, postmaster at
Bexar, was ordered to tum over the postoffice to Erasmo Seguin. Se-
guin's appointment as postmaster at Bexar is dated SaltiUo, April 6,
1823. On June 4 of that year (1823) the Mexican authorities refused to
raise the rank of the office to principal and to grant Seguin a fixed
salary of 400 pesos,—(Sp .Ar.; Castaneda, Thesis, 259, 262, and 265).
No sooner had General Cos been informed of Juan N. Seguin's taking
an active part in the revolution, than he removed Don Erasmo, his
father, from the office of Postmaster, which he had fUled for several
years. "He forced him to leave San Antonio at once, and he had con-
sequently to walk the 33 mi. which separated him from his rancho,"
where the Juan N. Seguin family were living. "Such was the hurry
with which he was compeUed to depart, that he was obliged to leave
his fanuly, who remained exposed to" the fire of the Americans during
the whole siege of Bexar.—(Seguin, Juan N., Personal Memoirs).
Don Erasmo was also interested in education. In 1812 Don Vicen-
te Alvarez Travieso managed with the aid of Juan Manuel Zambrano,
to get 855 pesos together for the erection of a school buUding. It turn-
ed out to be a very poor edifice, with few or no locks and no keys at
all; and even the water barrel (an important article in that day) was
reported with a loosened hoop. The parents notwithstanding, were
ordered to send aU their chUdren under twelve years of age to this
school. Don Erasmo Seguin and Don Jose Antonio Saucedo drew up a
code of rules: they limited the capacity to 70 pupils, permitting the
master to select 5 of them. There were to be two classes, the first at
one peso and the other at four reales per month. There was to be a
system of advancement, but the pay was to remain the same. A salary
of 30 pesos per month was allowed the school master. One of the regi-
dores was to visit the school at least once a day to see that the rules
were properly carried out. The pupUs were to furnish their own books
and suppUes.—(Eby, Education in Texas; and Quarterly, VI, 31-32).
On June 24, 1819, Govemor Martinez ordered Alcalde Gaspar Flores
to return a confiscated house to Jose Erasmo Seguin. According to
Giraud, City Engineer's Records, 1848, Erasmo Seguin owned one of the
five lots facing Nueva St., in the block between Qiunta St. (Dwyer Av.)
and the Asequia Principal, one of his adjoining neighbors being Jose
Antonio de la Garza. Woods says "Don Erasmo owned large bodies of
land which he obtained through various grants and deeds situated
generaUy between San Antonio and FloresviUe in what is now WUson
County. His name first appears upon the Deed Record of Bexar Coun-
ty with the note upon the Index of Deed Records that on October 27,
1814, the Spanish Govemment executed a Release-Confiscation to a
large body of land in his favor. This instrument, together with many
others of that period, is not now obtainable," adds Woods (Don Erasmo
Seguin, p.4). "Upon this ranch Don Erasmo, in later years, erected
Casa Bianca, a wonderful house for that period, where he had his fam-
ily entertained most royally—Americans being especiaUy welcome. This
place, also known as The House of Don Erasmo is fairly weU preserved.
It is situated about four mUes north-west of PloresvUle and one-half
miles west of the highway to San Antonio. It is upon a considerable
elevation, overlooks the surrounding country, its broad veranda faces
the rising sun, emblematical bf the faith its buUder had in the future
of the Commonwealth he had done so much to estabUsh, at its rear stands
a magnificent Uve oak tree under whose branches was dug a weU of
sweet water. Its outer walls are of red sand stone plastered white, its
inner waUs are of dobie brick—the depth of both waUs being approxim-
ately 20 in. The ample windows are set flush with the outer wall, the
broad, deep window sUls are at a heigth from the floor to form com-
fortable seats. The lower 'half story' rises above the ground and pro-
vided ample 'ceUar space' and ventUation. The entire structure is sug-
gestive of the foresight and refinement of its builder." Beales tells us
in an its in his "Journal" for February 1-2, 1834, quoted in Kennedy's
Texas, p. 404, that Don Erasmo Seguin's rancho was admirably situated
on a rising ground, about 200 paces from the San Antonio River, and
that it was weU surrounded by woods. It was a kind of fortification
agamst the Indians. "It consists of a square," says Beales in 1834,
"palisadoed round, with the houses of the famUies residing there form-
ing the sides of the square. They have also three pieces of brass can-
non, but not yet mounted. This may be made a beautiful place, but it
is as yet in infancy, having been planted only two years. It consists of
two sitios of very fertile land. They have begun to sow cotton, which
thrives very weU; I procured a small quantity as a specimen."
Erasmo Seguin, with Bastrop and Martinez, was among prominent
San Antonions to identify himself with the interests of the incoming
Anglo-Americans. "He received Stephen F. Austin at Natchitoches in
July, 1821, and escorted him to San Antonio. Approachmg San Antonio
on the return, Seguin wrote the Governor: *I am accompanied by 16
Americans from those who expect to settle on the Colorado. They are
led by Stephen Austin, who, on account of the death of his father,
comes to fulfUl his contract. I suppose that you wUl want to entertain
him and those who accompany him—aU of them, as I am informed, of
highly respectable famUies—in the best manner possible. Therefore I
notifly you so that you may, if you think it desirable, have suitable
lodgings prepared for them for the 4 or 5 days they wiU stay in the
capital." The party set out on July 3. Their ten days at San Antonio
were busy and fuU of mterest. "Besides his conferences with the gov-
emor, Austin entered into some tentative plans with Bastrop and Se-
guin to acquire control of the Indian trade; engaged in a mustang
hunt; and recorded in his Joumal an Indian raid in which one Indian
was kUled. On the 21st he resumed the road, escorted for a time by
the govemor, Bastrop, and Berramendi." From this tune on, "a very
warm friendship developed between Austin and Seguin and aU his fam-
Uy. Austin always stayed at the Seguin home when he visited San
Antonio, and his younger brother Uved with the Seguins for more than
a year during 1822-1823 whUe he was learning Spanish. We have an

acknowledgement of Austin's social and pecuniary indebetedness to Se-
guin in a letter that he wrote to his secretary in 1833. He was then in
San Antonio on his way to Mexico. He wrote WilUams: T owe some-
thing to Don Erasmo—he refused to receive pay for the time my
brother staid here, and I have always staid here in my visits to Bexar
and he never would receive pay—he has planted cotton and wants a
gin. I wish you to make arrangements to get one for him on my ac-
count—not of the largest size, a strong gin of the common kind would
suit him better than any other, for it would be easier kept in order. I
wish you to write to him on the subject.' "The poUtical relations of
Austin and Seguin were always of the closest. "Seguin represented
Texas in the National Congress in 1824 and exerted himself faithfuUy
to advance the interest of colonization. He was always ready to assist
Austin with sympathetic advice Seguin was a member of the Con-
gress which passed this law against the further introduction of slaves.
He deplored it, but could do nothing to prevent its passage." He as-
sisted in forming the first Liberal Constitution, the Constitution of 1824,
Acta Constitutiva de la Federacion Mexicana.
Through the friendly cooperation of Don Erasmo Seguin, the Na-
varros, and other principal citizens, Austin was able, during his visit to
San Antonio in December, 1832, to induce a joint meeting of the ayun-
tamientos and of the principal citizens to adopt a vigorous arraignment
of the abuses of the state and federal administrations. The Memorial
in which it was stated that Bexar had been estabUshed 140 years, etc.
is too weU known to require repetition at this time. AU Texas was
greatly in debt to Bexar for the remonstrance of December 19th, which
was reprinted in Mexico City, and had more weight in favor of Texas
than aU that had been done or said. Austin doubted whether the
memorial of the Convention of 1833 would have been even looked at
had not the minds of the Govemment been prepared by this Bexar
representation. It came from natives, and was beUeved. The Commit-
tee consisted of Angel Navarro, Casiano, Don Erasmo, Balmaceda and
Antonio Navarro.
Don Erasmo Seguin was appointed by the Convention of 1833 with
Austin, as a member of the mission to Mexico. When Austin arrived in
San Antonio on AprU 29, 1833, in hope of being able to persuade the
Mexican mhabitants to endorse the petitions, and if possible, induce
them to send a representative to Mexico with him, "Don Erasmo Seguin
was absent at his plantation 30 mi. below this, where he arrived only a
few days since from Matamoros." Austin lost no time in sending for
him, but the high waters prevented his reaching San Antonio until May
3, when Austin communicated to him his appointment. At a meetmg
of the 4th, it was decided that a memorial should be sent to the state
govemment asking for the removal of the seat of govemment from
Monclova to this place, Don Erasmo being the only one who was in
favor of memorializing the General Congress for the separation and
State Government. But it was subsequently decided "that the law pro-
hibited the Ayuntamiento from petitioning or from calling the people
together to petition, and that only three persons could petition." As
Balmaceda was the only one willmg to sign as one of the three, the
meeting could not go on the mission to Mexico, but Austin was convinc-
ed that "no unfriendly feelings deter hirm—but his private affairs will
not permit his leaving home."—Barker, Native Latin American Contri-
bution to the Colonization and Independence of Texas, Ms., and Texas
History, 64, 170.
When intelligence was received from spies on the Rio Grande
that Santa Anna was preparing to invade Texas, Don Erasmo Seguin
with his and several other famUies, removed toward the center of the
country. When David Crockett with his fourteen young men from
Tennessee, arrived at the old Mexican graveyard on the west side of
the San Pedro, James Bowie and Antonio Menchaca received them,
brought them into the city, and lodged Crockett at Erasmo Seguin's
house.
When the refugee families received the welcome tidings of the
victory of San Jacinto, they went to Nacogdoches. There, aU the mem-
Ders of the Seguin famUy were attacked by fever. "Thus, prostrated
m their couches, deprived of all resources, they had to struggle in
the midst of their sufferings, to assist one another." Want of money
compelled them to part, little by little, with their valuables and art-
icles of clothing. A son, an uncle and several more remote relatives
of Juan N. Seguin fell victims to the disease. "Seeing that the fever
did not abate, the famiUes determined upon moving towards the in-
terior. The train presented a spectacle which beggars description.
Old men and chUdren were lying in the wagons, and for several days,
Captain Menchaca, who was the only person able to stand up, had to
drive the whole train, as weU as attend to the sick. The famiUes
reached San Antonio at last. There was not one of them who had
not to lament the loss of a relative, and to crown their misfortunes,
they found their houses in ruins, their fields laid waste, and their cat-
tle destroyed or dispersed."—Seguin, Personal Memoirs.
Don Erasmo Seguin presided over the election of February 1, 1836,
for judges to nominate the four delegates to Washington-on-Brazos.
On February 2, 1836, he received the second highest number of votes
(44, as against 46 received by Antonio Navarro), to represent Bexar in
the forming of the new Texas Govemment.
The town of Seguin was so named to commemorate the record of
Don Erasmo Seguin, of whom ThraU says, "He was a high-toned gen-
tleman of truly honorable and patriotic sentiments," and of whom Dr.
Cupples said he was "a perfect and courtly old Spanish gentleman."—
B. A., Lista, and Libro registro, Feb. 1 and 2, 1836; Woods, Op. Cit.;
ThraU, Pictorial Hist, of Tex., 666; Corner, S. A. de Bexar, 113, and
Barnes, Op. Cit., 229, were consulted in preparing this sketch.
Don Erasmo Seguin m. Dona Josefa Becerra (Miguel and Barbara
Sanchez); she d. Sept. 24, 1849; they had:
1 Juan Nepomuceno, q. s.
2 Tomas, b. December, 1807.
3 Leonidas, b. 1809; m. 1831, Jose Maria Flores (Jose and Maria Rodriguez).
IV. Juan Nepomuceno (1), who, according to the San Fernando
church records, Baptisms, Book. IV, 1793-1812, p. 779, item 805 was bap-
tised November 3, 1806, aged seven days, by the Curate Jose Cle-
mente de Arocha. This records gives his parents as Erasmo Seguin

and Josefa Augustina Bercerra; his paternal grandparents: Don San-
tiago Seguin and Dona Guadalupe de las Fuentes Fernandez; and
maternal grandparents, Don Miguel Bercerra and Doha Barbara San-
ches Navarro. The godparents were D. Bernardo Amado y Buton and
Da. Martina Becerra. The Rodriguez Memoirs, p. 40, say. "Some time
between 1829 and 1835 he organized the Mexican rangers and here re-
mained in command until the Mexican troops went out." From com-
munications in the Bexar Archives we leam that Juan N. Seguin in-
formed the Gefe Politico that he was ready to assume duties as gefe,
January 1, 1834; then, on February 27, 1834, he advised that he would
tum over the office to Ramon Musquiz on March 1, next. There is an
affidavit of his services as political chief from July 8, 1834 to Decem-
ber 31, 1834, dated March 9, 1835. In his Personal Memoirs, Seguin
states that in October, 1834, he was PoUtical Chief of the Department
of Bejar. Dissatisfied with the reactionary designs of General Santa
Ana, who was at that time President of the RepubUc of Mexico, and
endeavored to overthrow the Federal system, Seguin issued a cir-
cular, in which he urged every MunicipaUty in Texas to appoint dele-
gates to a convention that was to meet at San Antonio, for the pur-
pose of taking into consideration the impending dangers, and for de-
vising the means to aver them. "All the MunicipaUties appomted their
delegates, but the convention never met," adds Seguin, "the General
Govemment having ordered Colonel Jose Maria Mendoza to march with
his forces from Matamoros to San Antonio, and prevent the meetmg of
the delegates. The proofs of the above acts exist in the archives of
the County of Bejar." In AprU, 1835, the Governor of CoahuUa and
Texas caUed for assistance from the various Departments, to resist
the aggressions of Santa Ana agamst that State. Seguin volunteered
his services, and received from the Poltitical Chief, Don Angel Navarro,
the command of a party of National Guards, sent from San Antonio
to Monclova. They retumed to San Antonio in the beginning of June,
when Ugartechea, considering Seguin opposed to the existing govem-
ment, ordered two officers to watch secretly his motions. This, how-
ever, did not prevent him from working diUgently to prepare for the
mtended movement. They had agreed that the movement should
begin in the center of Texas, but, not hearing from that quarter, Se-
guin determmed to send an agent, to Brazoria, Juan A. Zambrano,
with directions to sound the disposition of the people. On the retum
of the agent they were apprized that there was a great deal of talk
about a revolution, in public meetings, but that the moment for an
armed movement was stUl remote. Their agent was sent to Victoria
and he caUed a meeting of the citizens, but the MiUtary Commander
of GoUad sent down a detachment of troops to prevent the assembly
and arrest the promoters. On the 13th of October Seguin met Austin
on the Salado, at the crossing of the Gonzales road, and joined forces
with his smaU army. Austin, as Commander in Chief of the Army,
gave Seguin the appointment of Captain. (In B. A., October 23, 1835).
He was recommended for special consideration, due to services rend-
ered, (B. A., November 24, 1835). After the capture of Bexar, General
124 WXTH THE MAKERS OF SAN ANTONIO
Cos capitulating in December, 1835, Travis' and Seguin's companies

were detaUed to pursue the Mexican forces, and capture from them a
cavallado which they had in the Parrita, Laredo road; they succeeded,
taking nearly 100 head of horses, which were sent to San PeUpe de
Austin, for the benefit of the pubhc service. Seguin was afterwards
detaUed to the ranchos on the San Antonio river, to see if he could
find more horses belonging to the Mexican troops.
On the 2nd of January, 1836, Seguin received from the Provisional
Govemment the commission of Captain of Regular Cavalry, with
orders to report to Lieut.-Col. Travis in San Antonio.
During the siege of the Alamo a CouncU of War resolved that
Seguin should leave the fort, and proceed with a communication to
Colonel Fannin, requesting him to come to their assistance. Seguin
met General Houston at Gonzales, who ordered Captam Salvador Flo-
res with 25 of Seguin's company to the lower ranchos on the San An-
tonio to protect the inhabitants against Indian depredations. After-
wards, Seguin was ordered to take possession, with the balance of his
company, of the Perra, distant about 4 mi. on the road to San Anto-
nio, with instructions to report every evening at headquarters. Thus
his company was forming the vanguard of the Texan army, on the
road to San Antonio. On the 6th of March, he received orders to go
to San Antonio with his company and a party of American citizens,
carrying, on horses, provisions for the defenders of the Alamo. He
arrived at the Cibolo, and not hearing the signal gun which was to be
discharged every 15 minutes, as long as the place held out, they re-
traced their steps to convey to the General-in-Chief the sad tidings.
A new party was sent out, which soon came back, having met with
Anselmo Vergara and Andres Barcena, both soldiers of Seguin's com-
pany, whom he had left for purposes of observation in the vicmity of
San Antonio; they brought the intelhgence of the fall of the Alamo.
Their report was so circumstantial as to preclude any doubts about
that disastrous event. "In 1873 and again in 1874, Juan N. Seguin
gave to Reuben M. Potter a Ust of nine soldiers who were under his
command, and who with himself constituted ten of the 25 men who
went to the Alamo with Travis, February 3, 1836. These soldiers were
enUsted for 6 months. They were a part of a company of 24 Mexicans
who had served under Seguin as captain at the storming of Bexar in
December, 1835. In February 1836, several of the 24 were on furlough,
the others were with Houston's troops at Gonzales. Seven of the ten
who went to the Alamo died there. Seguin and two of his men, An-
tonio Cruz y Arocha, and Alexandre de la Garza, were sent out as
messengers. The bounty and donation fUes fuUy verify four of the
seven whom Seguin listed as Alamo victims. E. M. Pease, Frank Tem-
pleton, and J. J. Linn mclude these seven Mexican names on the Usts
of the Alamo dead which they compUe. Seguin's nine soldiers were:
Juan AbamiUo, Antonio Cruz y Arocha, Juan Antonio BadiUo, Grego-
rio Esparza, Antonio Fuentes, Alexandre de la Garza, Jose Maria
Guerrero, Toribio Losoya, and Andres Nava."—Quarterly, X x ^ v u , 243.
When the Texan army began its retreat towards the center of
the country, Seguin was put in command of the rear-guard, with
orders not to leave any famiUes behind. He continued covering the

rear-guard, until they had crossed the Arenoso creek, near the Brazos,
where he was, by orders of the General, detached with Captam Mos-
ley Baker, to the town of San FeUpe de Austin, to cut off the enemy
from the passage of the river. The main army was encamped in the
bottom of the Paloma or Molino Creek, on the westem bank of the
3Brazos, where it remained until information was received that the
enemy had crossed the river at Fort Bend, and was marching towards
Harrisburg. The Texan army began at once to cross the river, on
board the steamer Yellow Stone, and when the whole force had cross-
ed took up the march, with the intention of harassing the enemy's
rear-guard. At noon on AprU 21, General Rusk dined with Seguin in
his tent. When he had done eating he asked Seguin if the Mexicans
weer not in the habit of taking a siesta at that hour. Seguin answer-
ed in the affirmative, adding, moreover, that in such cases they kept
under arms their main and advanced guards, with a Une of sentinels.
General Rusk observed that he thought so; however, the moment
seemed to him favorable to attack the enemy, and he further said:
"Do you feel like fighting?" Seguin answered that he was always
ready and wUling to fight, upon which the General rose, saying:
"Well, let us go!" After the Battle of San Jacinto Captain Kames
and Seguin were detailed to observe the retreat of the remains of the
Mexican army. They overtook their rear-guard at the Contrabando
marsh, where some of their wagons had broken down. The pursuit
continued to Victoria.
On May 30, Seguin received promotion to the rank of Lieutenant-
Colonel, with orders to take possession of San Antonio. He took pos-
session June 4. He was granted a leave of absence to go to Nacogdo-
ches on a visit to his family, then in that town on their return from
the Sabine, where they had sought a refuge from the Mexican army.
He found all members of his family sick with fever, and was stricken
with it himself. On September 11, the President handed Seguin his
commission of Lieutenant-Colonel, appointing htm to the command of
the city of San Antonio, with orders to proceed to his destination,
from Velasco, without delay. He arrived at headquarters at Lavaca on
the 15th, and reported to General Rusk who ordered him to begin re-
cruiting his regiment in that town. On the 11th of October he left
headquarters, with his regiment dismounted, and with instructions
to procure horses in San Antonio, where he arrived on the 17th. In
March, 1837, being in command of San Antonio, he received orders
from General Felix Huston to destroy that city and transfer its in-
Ihabitants to the east bank of the Brazos. At the same time Lieut.-
Col. Switzer of the Volunteers came, with instructions to assist Seguin
in carrying out the order. Considering the measure permature and un-
just, Seguin took upon himself the responsibUity of disobeying the
order, untU he had referred the matter to the President, with whom
he made use of aU his influence to have the order rescinded. The
President prevaUed upon General Huston to desist; Seguin thus
averted the impending destruction of San Antonio, but, in conse-
quence, he tells us in his Personal Memoirs, made General Felix Hus-

ton his bitter enemy.
Seguin wrote Hamilton P. Bee, from Laredo de Tamaulipas,
March 28, 1889: "I am answering your pleasing letter of the 9th Inst,
which I did not do before on account of my health. The rest of those
who died in the Alamo were ordered to be burned by the order of
General Santa Ana, and the little fragments (bones and ashes) I
ordered them to be deposited in an um; I ordered a sepulcher in the
Cathedral of San Antonio to be opened, immediately in front of the
Sanctuary it is, in front of the two gates that open in the Com-
munion railing, but very near the steps. All this is all I know about
the matter." Annexed to this letter is the foUowing note by H. P. Bee,
Secretary: "Below find the origmal letter from Colonel Seguin—to
the effect that he buried the remains of 'The Alamo Dead' in the
Cathedral on Main Plaza of San Antonio, in July, 1836. San Antonio,
October 9, 1893." This letter is copied from Evelyn Brogan's James
Bowie, A Hero of the Alamo, which transcribes the true and accurate
copy of the original manuscript, which is among the Nacogdoches
Papers, Misc., 1844-1889, on fUe in the Texas State Library. The Col-
umbia press of March 27, 1837, published that "In conformity with the
order from the General, commanding the army at headquarters, Col-
onel John N. Seguin, with his command, stationed at Bexar, paid
honors of war to the remains of the heroes of the Alamo. The ashes
were found in three places. The two smallest heaps were carefully
collected, placed in a coffin, neatly covered with black and having the
names of Travis, Bowie, and Crockett engraved on the inside of the
lid, and carried to Bexar and placed in the paris church, where the
Texian flag, a rifle, and a swords were laid upon it for the purpose of
being accompanied by the procession, which was formed at 3 o'clock
on the 25th of February, 1837. The honors to be paid were announced
in orders of the previous evening, and by the toUing kneU from day-
break to the hour of interment. At 4 o'clock the procession moved
from the church in Bexar . . . passed through the principal street of
the city passed to the river, passed through the principal avenue on
the other side, and halted at the place where the first ashes had been
gathered. The coffin was placed upon the spot, and three volleys of
musketry were discharged by one of the companies. The procession
then moved on to the second spot, where part of the ashes in the
coffin had been taken, and where the same honors were paid. The
procession then proceeded to the principal spot, the place of inter-
ment, where the graves had been prepared, the coffin had been placed
on the principal heap of ashes. Colonel Seguin made the following ad-
dress in his native tongue, CastUian: "Companions in arms, these hal-
lowed relics which we now have the melancholy task of bearing on-
ward, to consign to their kindred earth, are all that remain of those
heroic men who so nobly fell, valiantly defending yon tower of the
Alamo. If they, my brave associates, preferred rather to die a thous-
and times than basely bow under the vile yoke of tyranny, what a bril-
liant, what an illustrious example have they bequeathed us. How
worthy to illumine with unchanging splendor the ever glowing pages
h
I
1
4
•I
S
A
of history. Even now the genius of liberty is looking down from her
lofty seat, smUing with approbation upon our proceedings, and calUng
to us in the names of departed brethren, Travis, Bowie, and Crockett,
and their iron-hearted band, bids us in imitating their mighty deeds
to secure like them a high place upon the scroU of immortaUty. Since
then, soldiers and fellow citizens, undying fame is the glorious reward
of those who fall in this noble contest; cheerfully will I encounter the
most formidable dangers which fortune can crowd in the path of glory
in the noble attempt to achieve my country's independence, regard-
less of whatever indignity the brutal ferocity of my enemies may have
to offer to my lifeless body. I would joyfully perish on the field of
battle shouting the war cry, God and Liberty, Victory or Death, of
those heroes."
Juan N. Seguin was senator from the Bexar District in the 3rd
<and 4th Congress of the Republic of Texas, serving in that capacity
from September 25, 1837 to February 5, 1840. He was Mayor of the
City of San Antonio from January 9, 1841, to April 18, 1842, when he
resigned.
Through the Mexicans falsely declaring Seguin their friend, and
owing to animosity from lawless characters whom Seguin was obUged
in his official capacity to curb, his Ufe was in danger in San Antonio.
»He saw it was necessary to take some step which would place him in
security, and save his family from constant wretchedness. He held a
family council. All were in favor of his removing for some time to the
interior of Texas. But, to accomphsh this, there were some unavoid-
able obstacles. He could not take one step, from his ranch towards
the Brazos, without being exposed to the rifle of the first person who
might meet him, for, through the whole country, credit had been given
to the rumors against him. To emigrate with his famUy was impos-
sible, as he was a ruined man, from the time of the invasion of Santa
Ana and their flight to Nacogdoches; furthermore, the country of the
Brazos was unhealthier than that of Nacogdoches, and what might
they not expect to suffer from disease in a new country, and without
friends or means. Seeing that all these plans were impracticable, Se-
guin resolved to seek a refuge amongst his enemies, braving all dan-
gers. But before taking this step, he sent in his resignation to the
Corporation of San Antonio, as Mayor of the city, stating to them,
that, unable any longer to suffer the persecutions of some ungrateful
Americans, who strove to murder him, he had determined to free his
famUy and friends from their continual misery on his account, and
go and Uve peaceably in Mexico. That for these reasons he resigned
his office, with all his privUeges and honors as a Texan. He left
Bexar without any engagements towards Texas; his services paid by
jpersecutions, exUed and deprived of his privUeges as a Texas cit-
izen. By orders of General Arista, Seguin joined General WoU, who
told him, that Santa Ana, by his request, had aUowed him to go with
him, in his expedition to Texas, but, he should receive no command
until his services proved if he were worthy.
Seguin's views regarding Texas Independence and Annexation are
expressed in a letter dated July 24, 1845, transcribed in Anson Jones'

Republic of Texas, page 482.
Juan Nepomuceno Seguin died in Nuevo Laredo in 1890, and was
buried there.
The Seguin residence was a fine stone house on MiUtary Plaza.
Juan N. Seguin maried January n . Ermeregildo (2) ,222 m . 1st. Fran-
18, 1826, (I, 1798-1856, No. 297), cisca Flores (Christoval Valdes and
Gertmdis Flores (Jose and Maria Maria Gertrudis de Larra); and
Rodriguez), b. in San Antonio, m. 2nd, (?) Maria Leonarda Rodri-
1807; they had: guez (Eugenio and Maria Gertrudis
1 Antonia. m. Agustin Chaves. Flores). By the 1st m.:
2 Teresa, m. Gregorio Soto, brother of
Trinidad. 1 Jose Ignacio, b. 1784.
3 Jose Erasmo, q. s. 2 Jose Ignacio, b. 1786, soldier "vetera-
n o " ; m. Luzgarda Martines (Nicolas
4 Santiago, q. s. and Maria Gertrudis Mireles):
5 Josefa, m. Alfred A. Lewis; parents
of: Catarina; Erasmo, m. (Mexico); i Josefa Victoriana, b. 1811.
Luisa, d.; Jose, m. Aurora (Mexico); 3 Jose Manuel, b. 1788; m . :
and Alfredo, m. (Mexico). i Isidra, m. Antonio de Arocha.
6 Juan Nepomuceno, b. 1833. 4 Maria Fernanda Isabel, m. Mr. Ruis.
7 Eugenio. 5 Antonio Maria, b. 1793.
8 Maria Gertrudis, b. 1841. 6 Jose Mariano Tomas, q. s.
9 Maria Guadalupe, b. 1849. 7 Francisco Xavier Ramon, b. 1796.
V. Jose Erasmo (3), b. 1829, whose 8 Maria Josefa Canita, b. 1797.
9 Jose Luis and
godfather was Juan Angel Seguin, 10 Jose Antonio Jesus Luis, twins, b.
1800.
m. Teresa Flores: TH. Mariano (6), m. 1st. one of
1 Manuel, q. s.
2 Erasmo, m. the Fernandez; and m. 2nd, Ma-
3 Guadalupe, m. Nepomuceno Rodriguez: ria Jesus Rodriguez, of SaltUlo, by
parents of Nepomuceno, d.; Pedro, d.;
and Eduardo. whom:
4 Clotilde. m. 1 Maria Petra Angela, m. 1842, Joaquin
5 Josefa. Tarin.
6 Ortencia. 2 Antonio, q. s.
VE. Manuel (1), m. Maria Marti- 3 Maria del Carmen, m. I. L. Hewitt,
4 Maria Guadalupe Carlota.
nez, whose sister, CaroUna, Uves in
Courtland Place, San Antonio. IV. Antonio (2), m. Concepcion
1 Leonides, m. Rodriguez (Julian and Juana Del-
2 Elias, m. gado) :
3 Enrique, q. s.
4 Maria. 1 Mariana, m. Bias Cortari, brother of
5 Concepcion, m. Nieves, according to the Probate Rec-
6 Carolina. ords, Bexar County, partition of estate
V. Santiago (4), b. in San Antonio, of Mariano Seguin, July 1845, p. 375.
1840, m. HUaria Ramires, of Ca- 2 Saragosa, b. 1850; m. Eduardo Flores:
i Herminia, m. Nemencio de la
margo, TamauUpas, Mexico, b. Zerda: P. (Floresville).
ii Jesus, m. Delfina Delgado (Cle-
1842: ments and Concepcion Flores): P .
1 Guillermo, m. Julia Edelman (Eagle iii Teresa, m. Federico Martinez: P .
Pass). iv Eduardo, m. Hortencia Flores
2 Otilia. (Roman and Josefa): P . (Gray-
3 Santiago, m. Cadereyta Ximenes, d. town).
4 Elvira ,d.: S. A. v Clara, m. 1st: P . ; m. 2nd, Juan
5 Juan. m. (Mexico). Navarro.
6 Maria. vi Margarita, m. Jose Rorigez (Sal-
vador and Prudencia Flores) ; pa-
I. Bartolome, m. 2nd, Jacinto Ra- rents of Margarita, and Jose.
mos: 3 Antonia, m. Jesus Saucedo:
1 Jose. i Maria, m. Rafael Tarin (Antonio
2 Ermeregildo, q. s. and Concepci—n Casanova) ; pa-
3 Juan. rents of Aurelia, Celestina, Rodol-
4 Jacinta. fo, and Simon.
222 Ermeregildo Seguin, b. 1761. at the Presidio of La Bahia. son of Bartolome and
Manuela Martinez; volunteered for military service, February 21, 1784.—"B. A.," March 1784,
"Extracto."
ii Margarita, m. George Horld; parents of Avelardo, Federico, and Ma-

rents of Clara, and a son. ria de Jesus.
iii Virginia, d. 4 Alfredo, d.
iv Celectina, d. 5 Lucia.
4 Mariano, q. s. 6 Jose, m. Emestina Seguin (Manuel
5 Eduardo, q. s. and Mariana Casanova.
7 Miguel, m. Rosa Rodriguez (Juana and
V. Mariano (4), m. Anita Gortari, Elena).
niece of Nieves: 8 Soledad, m. Rafael Flores (Luis and
Virginia Tarin) ; parents of Ursela*
1 Santiago, d. y. Angela, and Antonia, m. Francisco
2 Mariano, m. Jesusa Chaves (Manuel): Ximenes; by whom: Eduardo.
i Fernanda,
ii Jesusa. One of EmeregUdo Seguin's
iii Micaela, m . : living near Calave-
ras, Texas.
daughters married Mr. Gray, the
3 Santiago, m. Micaela Chaves, sister founder of Graytown.
of Jesus: also near Calaveras.
4 Dionicio, m. Eloisa Rodriguez (Eduar- Xavier Seguin (?), m. Maria Jo-
do and Guadalupe Seguin): near Cana sefa Peres de Ybafies:
Verde, Texas.
5 Luis, m. Juana Casanova. 1 Juan Joseph, b. 1766.
6 Antonio, m. Juana Gomez: P. 2 Juan Joseph, b. 1768; m. 1791, Ger-
7 Alberto, d.; m. Josefa Tarin (Ma- trudis Flores de Abrego:
carlo and Luisa Talamantes): i J u a n Jose, b. 1792,
i Luisa.
ii Macario. 3 Joseph Manuel Refugio, b. 1772; his
iii Alberto, godfather was Bartolo Seguin, which
iv Alfredo. suggests that this family was connect-
8 Ana, m. Antonio Casanova; parents of ed with that already given. The
Ana. available records do not give the pa-
9 Candelaria, m. Guillermo Seguin (Eduar- rents of Xavier Seguin. The Spanish
do and Jesusa T a r i n ) ; parents of Archives show that he received a
Aurelia, and Candelaria. grant in 1765 (July 27), 80 varas
square, south of the lot requested by
V. Eduardo (5), m. Maria Jesusa Joseph Antonio de los Santos; and
Tarin, his cousin: bounded on the other sides by streets.
Bartolome Seguin received two grants,
1 Eduardo, d.
2 Guillermo, m. Candelaria Seguin. one in 1772, and the other in 1778.
3 Eloisa, m. Federico Rodriguez (Nepo- Esmeregildo Seguin received land in
muceno and Concepcion Flores); pa- 1819.
MEDINA
Lorenzo Medina and Maria Valdes were witnesses in 1721.
Joaquin Medina, m. Mariana Rincon; they had: Pedro Joseph
Pablo, b. 1758, Ana Jacoba; Marcos Lauriano; Joseph Francisco;
Joseph Maria; Juana Vicente, b. 1769; m. 1785, Francisco Benites,
originally from La Bahia ; son of Jose and Ana Maria Trevino. Ac-
cording to the Nacogdoches Census, Francisco Benites was in Louisiana
in 1794, whUe his wife Juana Vicenta was in Nacogdoches; they had a
daughter, b. 1786 and a son, b. 1789.
Luis Medina and Juana Pena had a son Manuel, m. Jesusa Vas-
quez (Antonio and Viviana de los Reyes), parents of Luciana Refugia,
b. 1812.
Juan Antonio Medina, from the presidio of Camargo, came to San
Antonio in 1764. He received a grant in 1773, east of Gertrudis Val-
des, and west of a lot belonging to Marcelo de Estrada. There were
streets on the north and south.
Juan Jose de Mata Medina, b. 1768, m. Maria Ruis, b. 1767 at the
Adaes; they were residents of Nacogdoches in 1796; they had: Euse-
bia, Sergia and Jose Joaquin Ambrocio, b. 1787.
One Pedro Medina, m. Maria Antonia Montalvo (1850) and they
had a daughter Maria de Jesus, b. 1852.
BUENO HERNANDEZ DE ROJAS

I. Juan Jose de Rojas (Rosas) was witness in San Antonio in 1722.
He had over fifteen years of miUtary service. He had served under
the Marques de Aguayo previous to the expedition into Texas, and he
accompanied the Marques at the founding of the Royal Presidio of
the Adaes, and served in aU that took place in those times. He was
again in San Antonio in 1726. He received a grant, March 15, 1741.
He had a wife and chUdren at the time, and was without dweUing ac-
comodations. Not knowing how to write, the necessary signatures of
the documents were attended to by Don Pedro de Ocon y TrUlo. Juan
Jose de Rojas, m. Nicolasa Trevifio; they had three chUdren:
Juana Gertrudis, probably, m. Joseph de Sosa; parents of Toribio,
who m. 1763, Gertrudis Rodriguez; BasiUo, conf. 1759; and RosaUa.
Juan Joseph Bueno de Roxas received a grant, September 6, 1770,
located between the San Pedro and the Acequia Madre, extending
along the river. It was bounded on the south by a street, and lot of
Juan Joseph Montes; on the north by Christoval Chirino, and some
uncultivated lands; to the east was the Acequia Madre, and a Calle
Heal; and to the west, his mother-in-law (suegra) .223
An earlier grant, dated October 13, 1736, to Don Joseph Antonio
Hernandez de Rosas, was also interestmg: Joseph de Urrutia, the Cap-
tain of the presidio, and the justicia mayor, at the time, executed the
grant, in accordance with an auto of Don Carlos Franquis Benitez de
JLugo, described as Colonel of Infantry of the Royal Army, Govemor
plect of the Province of Gran Tlascala, and Govemor and Captain
General of the Thexas, Nuevas PhiUpinas. This grant was witnessed
by Francisco Hernandez, Bernardo Joseph Barron and Domingo Flo-
res, mhabitants of the viUa. Joseph Antonio Hernandez de Rosas had
then been in San Antonio for over five years, and without a home
of his own. He wished a suitable tract of land for a house, corral and
garden, in the VUla of San Fernando. His grant, a fifty-vara square,
twas bounded east by the residence of Antonio de los Santos, Alcalde
fand Regidor of the viUa, along the CaUe Real, which started at the
San Pedro Creek; and bounded west by the San Pedro Creek. To the
north were the houses that bounded the Plaza; and to the south, un-
occupied lands. Joseph Antonio was given possession, as none of the
neighbors objected.
I. Joseph AntoniO BuenO de RO- 3 Francisco Xavier, b. 1792.
4
jas, one of the first mhabitants of J j j a^ncisco Tomas Trinidad Pas
-
t h e VUla, 1731, m . M a r i a C u r b e l o : 5 jUan Francisca Tomasa Gertrudw,
1 Juan Francisco, b. 1741, whose home twins, b. 1793.
was between the two plazas, south of 6 Juan Martin, b. 1796.
Marcelo Valdes. 7 Jose Manuel Dolores, b. 1797; probably
2 Juan Joseph Antonio, b. 1743. m. Guadalupe Barrera:
3 Juan Agustin, b 1744 i Juana Francisca, b. 1844.
4 Francisco Manuel, b. 1749. ii Susana, b. 1848.
U.Francisco (1 or 4), m. Antonia s Maria Lucia, b. isoo.
«„__,_. 9 Juan Nepomuceno Fulgencio, b. 1802;
•LrranaaO. m , ig27, Maria Luz Escalera (Jose and
1 Lorena Erlinda, b. 1789. Teresa Peres):
2 Francisco Xavier, b. 1791. i Ilario, b. 1829.
223 "Suegra", in Spanish, means as well, "a hard crust of bread."

II. Juan, m. 1775, Gertrudis de la Francisco Bueno sold to Andres del

Garza (Miguel and . . . Hernan- VaUe, one half of a suerte in the
dez) : Lower Labor, which was bounded
on the north by land of the de-
Juan Joseph, b. 1776.
Maria Gertrudis (Antonia), b. 1778;
ceased Patricio Rodriguez; south,
m. 1798, Ignacio Rodriguez (Salvador the Hernandez; east, the Rio del
and Gertrudis de la Pena). Presidio de Bejar (sic); and west,
Maria Luisa, b. 1781.
Juan Joaquin Pablo, b. 1787. by the Acequia Madre. The deed,
Jose Antonio, m. Juana de la Garza in the Spanish Archives, is dated
(Juan Jose and Juliana de Castro):
i Jose Miguel Antonio, b. 1809. July 11, 1812.
CORTINAS
I. Juan Cortinas, from Monterey, Jose Maria, b. 1793; m. Guada-
lupe Ruis, by whom: Refugia, m.
served with the Marques de Agua- 1847, Jose Tejeda (Clemente and
yo. Until 1741 he was Sargeant and Maria Josefa de Leon); and J o -
Jose Toribio, b. 1795.
Alferez at San Bautista del Nor- viii Vicente Polinario, b. 1769.
te (sic). He was a particular Juan Cortinas, son of Juan Cor-
friend of Toribio de Urrutia, and tinas of Monterrey, received a
was grateful to him for favors re- grant October 24, 1743, located in
ceived. Juan Cortinas, m. Josefa the westem part of the commun-
Fernandez: ity, near the San Pedro, 80 v.
1 Juan, q. s. square, next to MarceUno Marti-
II, Juan (1), Jr., was Lieut. Com- nez, with a street between. Wit-
mander of San Saba, and one of nesses were Mateo de Carvajal, Al-
the original discoverers. He m. berto Lopez and Miguel de Castro.
1724, Mariana Longoria, of Mon- It is stated in this connection, that
terey: Juan Cortinas had served in the
1 Francisco.
2 Maria de los Dolores, b. 1730; m. milicia and that after having been
1st, 1748, Luis Chirino; and m. 2nd, a soldier, he was head of a squad-
1760, Antonio Martines, of Coahuila.
3 Juana Maria Josefa. conf. 1759; m,
1751, Joaquin Sarache:
ron, sargeant and alferez of a com-
i Maria Teresa, conf. 1759. pany, and captam ad interim of
4 Antonia, conf. 1759; m. 1754, Pedro
Duran, native of Castile, and a soldier
the Royal Presidio of San Baptis-
a t San Saba: ta del Norte (sic). Proof that he
i Joseph Joaquin. shed his blood in the many inva-
ii Joseph Toribio, both conf. 1759;
• * •
m, 1801, Francisca Flores (Pedro
and Juliana de la Garza), wid.
sions of the enemy, was to be had
of Juan Jose de la Santa. among the officers of the presi-
iii Francisco Antonio, b. 1756, d. y. dio at San Antonio. To strengthen
iv Ana Maria conf. 1759.
v Maria Feliciana, b. 1760; m. 1780 his claim for lands, he added that
Andres Benites.
vi Pedro Mariano, b. 1763.
his daughter Josefa had married
vii Mariano de Ios Dolores, b. 1766. J. Andres Travieso; though they
m. Micaela de Sosa (Juan had no children.
Gertrudis Barron) ; parents of
TREVINO
Juan Bautista Trevifio m. Ines Longoria, and they had a daughter,
Maria Josefa, who m. 1723, Juan Antonio de Luna. She received a
grant in 1742.
Juan Domingo Trevino, assistant in the Presidio, m. 1723, Maria
Rita Maldonado (Joseph, from Rio Grande). They had a daughter,
Juana Francisca, b. 1729.
Pedro Regalado Trevifio was a witness in 1725. He m. Alejandra

de los Reyes, and their son Bemarbe probably m. Maria Senobia So-
ledad Jaime, b. 1797, daughter of Marcos Jaime who came to S. A. in
1785, from AguascaUentes, son of Joaquin and Maria Gertrudis de
Luebana, also in San Antonio; Marcos' brother Jose Victor, m. 1800,
Mauricia Rodriguez (Salvador and Gertrudis de la Pena). Marcos
Jaime, m. Concepcion Dias (Salvador and Brigida Rodriguez):
they had: Jose FeUpe, b. 1795; Maria who m. ?Bemabe Trevi-
fio; Juan Jose Prudencia, b. 1800; and Jose Ignacio, b. 1805. Ac-
cording to the 1793 Census, Miguel Xaime of AguascaUentes, b. 1769,
m. Francisca Enriques, and they had a son, Bemarbe Regalado Tre-
vifio and Maria Jaime had Maria Carmen, who m. 1826, Jose Francisco
Peres (Martin and Juan Vargas). Pedro S. Trevmo and Alejandra
had JuUan, b. 1729; Bartolo, b. 1731 (godparents: Domingo Flores and
his wife Marcela Tremino); and Barbara Luisa, b. 1743. Pedro R.
Trevmo sold to Martin Flores y Valdes, a soldier, a lot 50 v. square,
surrounded by stakes, with 26 fruit trees, and stone house, 9Vi v. long,
his residence, and a kitchen; bounded north by Francisco de Estrada;
south, lot of the heirs of Ignacio Gonzales de Ynclan; east, by the
street caUed del Norte; and west, by the lot of Joseph Sisneros Xi-
menes.224
I. Gaspar Trevino was godfather in Maria Antonia Genoveva, b. 1834; m.
J. L. Bartlett: P . A daughter m. a
San Antonio in 1728. He m. 1st, Quiroga of Monterrey, Mexico.
Ana Maria de la Garza; and 2nd, Jose Rafael, b. 1840; m. Leonides Flo-
Maria Gonzales. Accordmg to the res: P .
Maria, m. Garland Mays.
Bexar Archives, February 22, 1744, Rafael, m.
Matias de Treviho was the uncle of IV. Polinaria (4), b. August 12,
Gaspar Narsiso, Joseph Miguel and 1819; m. 1st, November 30, 1839,
Antonio Diego de Treviho, whose Antonio Lockmar, who according
father was deceased. They were to the testimony of Bias Herrera
from VaUe del Carrisal, Nuevo and Juana Gonzales, March 1, 1838,
Leon. Gaspar Treviho and his 2nd. had been a resident citizen of
wife, Maria Gonzales had: Texas for "the last four years" and
1 Diego, q. s. was a single man;225 and m. 2nd,
II. Diego (1), conf. 1759, and m. Augusta 22, 1849, Francois Giraud.
Rita Garcia: Anthony Lockmar who came to
1 Vicente, q. s,
Texas in 1830, with Dr. Beales'
m . Vicente (1), m. Catarina de colony, and who joined the Colony
Zepeda (Marcos and Justa Travie- of Dolores on the Las Moras Creek,
so). He d. in July 1828:
1 Concepcion, 1846, Jose Marcos Jaime came to San Antonio on the break-
(Jose Felipe and Juana Flores Qui- ing up of the latter (owing to In-
nones) ; parents of Jose, b. 1851.
2 Maria Jesusa, q. s. dian hostUities), aged 24 years, in
3 Jose Julian, b. 1817. 1836. He was bom in the town of
4 Maria Polinaria Casiana, q. s.
5 Maria Josefa, b. 1822. Zengg, Croatia. He died October
6 Francisco Xavier Antonio, b . 1824.
7 Ram6n, who taught bchool in Flores- 9, 1848. His brother, Joseph, had a
ville; and was a Notary Public in San son Alexander, Uving in Zagreb or
Antonio.
IV. Maria Jesusa (2), b. 1815, m. Agram, Croatia, who compUed and
Anavato Martmez: pubUshed an EngUsh-Croatian dic-
224 B. A., June 25. 1745.
225 "Head Rights", I, 60.
tionary. Anthony Lockmar and his 3 Leon Joseph, b. Jan. 23, 1857; d. J a n .
2. 1929; m. Charlotte Permilia Burr
wife Polonaria Treviho had a (Rufus and Clementine O hiwine) ;
Civil Eng. and Architect; in Laredo
home and hotel on Soledad St., be- and Mexico:
tween Acequia, Romana and Ro- i Leon Burr, m. Virginia Cortina, of
Iguala, Guerrero, Mex.
driguez Sts., her parents property; ii Mabel,
they were the last famUy to oc- iii Adele, m. Mr. Wheeler; parents of
Herbert, aged 17, in 1928; living
cupy the weU known Veramendi in San Antonio.
House. They had: 4 Eugene Antonio, b. Dec. 1, 1858; d.
July 9, 1921; m. Carrie Wilde (?), of
1 Isabel, m. Luis de Leon, of Bilbao. New Orleans; Civ. Eng. for Railroad;
Spain. Palestine and Austin, abo in oil busi-
2 Catalina, m. James R. Marmion, b. ness, at Bay City:
Dublin, Ireland: i Frances, a nun at the Holy Cress
i Richard: one child, Houston, Texas. Convent, Notre Dame, Ind.
ii Louis: P., Cuero, Texas. ii Virginia, m. Mr. Crockett; pa-
iii Bela, m. Ed. Rivas. rents of Constance, Eugenie, and
iv Alfredo, m. Bertha Peres, parents a son, living in California.
" of Consuelo. 5 Theodore, b. 1861; d.
v John, m.: P.
vi Charles, m . : P . ; Arizona. V. Frank (1), b. in San Antonio,
3 George.
4 Adeline, m. 1st. Robert D. B u r n s ; m. May 28, 1850; d. Aug. 24, 1924; m.
5
2nd, George W. Angle.
Pauline, m. Lieut Alfredo M. Raphael,
Oct. 14, 1878 Jesusa Quintana (Ra-
U. S. A . ; parents of Frank, in Aguas- fael and Dominga Garcia); City
caUentes, Mexico. Engineer, civU eng. for railroads;
IV. Polinaria (4), m. 2nd Aug. 22, mining in Mex.; oil busmess. Bay
1849, Francois Giraud, civU en- City:
gineer, architect, mayor of San An- 1 Frank Rafael, m. Vela Burney.
tonio, who "planned the method of 2 Addie.
the restoration of the San Fer- 3 Rafael, q. s.
4 Carrie, m. Dr. R. G. McCorkie, parents
nando Cathedral after the front of Robert George; and Henry Frank.
5 Theodore, d. y.
portion had been destroyed by fire, 6 Joseph, m. Emma Michel:
but his plans were lost," says Ear- 7
i Harold.
Elvira, m. Arnold de Bruhl; parents of
ner, p. 211, "and those of another Marjorie. and Arnold.
substituted for them when the 8 Bella, and another, twins; the latter
d. y.
sacred structure was restored." 9 Elvira.
10 Edward, b. "ca." 1897.
See Giraud, French families. Po-
linaria and Francois had: VE. Rafael (3), m. Beatrice CariUo:
Rafael, q. s.; Beatrice, Bemia, Frank*
1 Francois Marie, q. s. Edna, Maria, and Eugene.
2 Louis T., b. 1852; d. Oct. 11, 1893; City
Engineer, 1877-81. VII. Rafael (1).
Matias Treviho, from Nuevo Leoon, m. 1728, Maria Rosa Guerra:
Antonio; Maria Josefa, b. 1735, m. 1748, Antonio Juan Cambrai; Juan
Domingo; and Pedro Jose, m. 1759, Gregoria Peres, parents of Joseph
Francisco, b. 1759, Enrique Joseph Matias, b. 1762, and Maria Mag-
dalena, b. 1764.
Guadalupe Treviho, from RevUla, Mexico, m. Isabel Gonzales,
and their daughter Maria Brigida, m. 1801, Manuel Nunez (Manuel and
Maria Montes), of CoahuUa.
Bernardo Joseph Trevmo, m. Andrea, and their son Joseph Joa-
quin was b. 1735.
Alejandro Trevmo, an officer in the Spanish Army, came to San
Antonio with his sister, Maria de Jesus Trevino. A certified copy of
his enhstment papers was transmitted, August 20, 1826, so this is
probably the approximate date that he came to San Antonio. As early
as 1825, however, when he was stiU a Ueutenant, he purchased land
from Jose Antonio Montes and his wife, Paula de los Santos, located
west of the Acequia Madre, east of the river, and lands of the de-
ceased Remigio Peres, and south of lands belonging to Maria Luisa
Ximenes. In the same year, 1825, he also purchased properties at the
San Juan Mission, from the Granado family, and from Pablo Salinas.
Then, in 1831, he purchased the site of what became his homestead,
[the present Frost Bank Bldg,] from the representative of Pedro and
"Madame" Pereyra, who were in SaltiUo at the time, and who had
enherited the property in question. Its location was facing north on
the street going to the Alameda; east of land of Erasmo Seguin, and a
kind of street, as well as properties of Ignacio Peres and Antonio Sau-
cedo, to the street in front of the church; facing south on a street and
the plaza; and facing the plaza on the east as well. Alejandro Trevi-
no was a very popular officer in San Antonio, and Uttle by little he
rose to the popular rank of "the General." He did not marry, and
after his death, in about 1834, his sister and her children enherited his
estate. She m. Gregorio Soto of Laredo. She Uved in the old Treviho
homestead, which gave name to a street, just north of the Cathedral,
where the Frost Bank BuUding is now located, and where T. C. Frost
originaUy had his general merchandise estabUshment and Gamp Yard.
MONTOYA
Maria Montoya, m. Diego Nunes de Orosco. They were from Ce-
laya, Mexico. Their son Antonio Manuel was Sargeant at the Adaes.
|He m. in San Antonio, 1723, Ana Francisca Guerra, widow of Miguel
Muhoz.
Lorenzo Montoya, m. Maria Josefa Morales; their daughter Maria
Isidra, m. Jose Maria Martinez (Juan and Clara Hernandez), whose
son Jose Antonio was b. 1823.
Jose Tomas Montoya, m. Josefa Varela; their son Luzgardo, who
tame to San Antonio from Santa Fe, m. Benita Flores (Pablo and Ma-
nuela del Rio); they had Uario, b. 1798, m. Isidora Peres (parents of
Martin, b. 1826 and Jose Antonio, b. 1832); Jose or Juan, Nepo., b. 1806,
pn. Gertrudis Ximenes (Juan Jose and Petra de Herrera, parents of
Maria Dorotea, b. 1833; and Isabel Maria, b. 1811.
CAMACHO
Francisco Camacho from Que- 3 Ana Clara, conf. 1759: m. 1748, Jo-
seph Antonio de Estrada (Francisco
retaro, m. Agustina Angulo. Their and Maria Josefa Longoria):
son i Maria Concepci6n, m. Luis Ma-
riano Menchaca (Luis Antonio
I. Diego, came to San Antonio from and Ignacia Nunez Morillo).
the Adaes and m. here, 1723, An- 4 Margarita, m. Jose Antonio Saucedo,
probably the son of Martin and Ger-
tonia de Carvajal (Christoval and trudis de la Garza.
Josefa Guerra): Maria Encamacidn, b. 1729; probably
1 Agustin, m. 1748, Brigida Hernandez m. Andres Ram6n
Diego and J u a na de Sosa), with god-
parents, Andres Ramon and his wife One Francisco Camacho, m. Ger-
Maria Angulo. trudis de San Miguel and they had
2 Luisa Catarina, m. 1744, Matias Guer- a daughter Isabel, b. 1782.
rero (Cayetano and Ana Hernandez).
AVILA
FeUpe de AvUa, of SaltUlo, m. rina Barron (Joseph and Andres
Ildefonsa del Rincon and they had Trevmo) and they had 8 chUdren.
Marcos, b. 1725, and d. in battle; Bias and his mother took posses-
Guadalupe; Bias; Juan Baptista, sion of a grant in 1765.
m. Juana Saucedo de la Cruz, pa-
rents of Marcos ApoUto, b. 1771; Juan Bautista, bom in the S. A.
and Magdalena. presidio, was given a grant in 1774,
Bias, a cart driver, according to next to the lot of the Vargas fam-
the R. I., item 191, m. 1749, Cata- ily.
NUXEZ
In 1722 Manuel Nunez, from La Manuel Nunez (Manuel and Mar-
Cruz de Queretaro, was a witness garita Montes de AqueUa), of Coa-
in San Antonio. huila, m. 1801, Brigida Trevmo;
Diego Nunez, m. Ana Maria de and they had Jose Teodoro,b.
Estrada and they had a son San- 1801, who probably d. y.
tiago Joseph, who m. 1762, Tomasa
Vasquez (Juan and Maria CeciUa Gavino Nunez, m. JuUana Arci-
Bustamante), wid. of Joseph Anto- niega, widow of Martin Ramires,
nio Mireles; and they had a son and they had Jose Maria, m. 1787,
Fermin de la Trinidad, b. 1765. Maria Liverara Quihones.
NUftEZ MORILLO
I. Miguel Nunez MoriUo, m. 1726, 2 Manuel, Colonel of Cavalry.
3 Josefa, m. Francisco de Arocha; he d.
Maria Josefa Flores y Valdes, before 1828.
(Capt. Nicolas and Nicolasa Xime- The first record in the chapel
nes), native of SaltUlo. She, as a baptisms, 1731, is that of Ignacia
widow, received a grant, February Agustina (Miguel and Josefa Flo-
18 1740, bounded on the south by res y Valdes), her godfathers be-
lands of her mother; east, lands ing Alberto Lopez and Juana Xi-
promised to Alberto Lopez; and menes.226
north, by the so-caUed Calle An-
gosta; with the San Pedro to the Domingo Nunez came to San An-
west. She m. 2nd, Fermin de Hi- tonio in 1815. He applied for a
biricu; and 3rd, Toribio de Urru- grant in 1817 and received one in
tia. Miguel and Maria Josefa had: the following year: 30 by 50 v., in
1 Joseph Miguel, b. 1728; d. y. the Villa Nueva, along the Ace-
2 Manuel, q. s. quia of the Concepcion Mission, on
3 Ignacia, m. 1744, Luis Menchaca.
n . Manuel (2), who died before the south, fronting east on the
street which "circulated" the Villa
1787, m. and had: Nueva; bounded south by the lot
1 Roberto, a soldier, who in 1806, J a n -
uary 23, wrote to his sister, from Mon-
clova, concerning the disposition of a
of Santos Alameda (?); and north
certain piece of property in the Valero by unimproved lands, owned by
Mission, adjoining Ramon Fuentes cn
the west.
Pedro Flores.
226 See Will of Maria Josefa Flores, dated 1787, "Sp. A r /

OCON Y TRILLO
Pedro Ocon y TriUo, originally from Malaga, Spain, was a resi-
dent of SaltiUo before corning to San Antonio, according to the Bexar
Archives, 1749. He was a very active and important member of the
early community. He also did his share of mUitary service. It is be-
Ueved by his descendants that he belonged to a noble farmly of Spain.
The wUl of his daughter Juana clearly demonstrates an unusual re-
finement for those times in Texas.
Pedro Ocon y TriUo sold to Matias de la Serda, a stone house 12
v. long and 5 v. wide, on a lot 60 v. square, surrounded with stakes,
and planted with 57 fruit trees. This property was bounded on the
east by the San Antonio River; west, a street going to his own lands,
north, lot of Miguel de Castro, with a street between; and south, by
the house of Sargeant Raso, with a street between. This deed is in
the Bexar Archives; it is dated June 17, 1748.
When petty feelings were aroused in the disputes between the
old miUtary famUies of the presidio and the more recently arrived
settlers of the viUa capital, Pedro Ocon y TrUlo did not hesitate to ex-
press his sentiments, and reported that they, the Canary Islanders,
had no right to claim the title of first settlers, as they did not ante-
date the first families of the presidio, nor were they aU of the best
class of their own native islands.
Pedro Ocon y TrUlo was buried in San Antonio, March 6, 1777.
I. Pedro Ocon y TrUlo, m, June 19, 1728, Josefa Flores de Abrego. The
godparents at this ceremony were Lieut. Mateo Peres, and his daugh-
ter, Maria Antonia. Francisco Hernandez and Juan de Castro were
among those present. Pedro Ocon y TrUlo, m. 2nd, 1746, Juana de
Urrutia, the widow of Ignacio Gonzales, and daughter of Captam
Joseph de Urrutia, then deceased, and Rosa Flores Valdes, his widow.
The godparents at this ceremony were Joaquin de Urrutia and Josefa
Flores. It should be noted, however, that the Bexar Archives, Sep-
tember 25, 1747, state that Juana de Urrutia was the legitimate daugh-
ter of the deceased "Joaquin" de Urrutia (not Joseph). Pedro Ocon y
TrUlo and Josefa Flores had, according to the church records:
1 Bernardo Antonio, b. 1729.
2 Maria Magdalena, b. 1732, in Saltillo.
The Bexar Archives, June 17, 1748, state that he had two heirs in
SaltUlo. The Erasmo Seguin Noticia states that Pedro Ocon y Trillo,
m. Ignacia Flores Valdes, and that when he d. in 1779, he left only two
daughters: Maria Luisa, who m. Bartolome Seguin; and Juana. It is
not unlikely that Juana was a daughter by his 2nd wife, Juana de
Urrutia. She m. Macario Zambrano.
In 1815 there was a baptismal record for Pedro Flores, stating
that his father was Jose Maria Flores, the son of Francisco and Ger-
trudis Molano; and that his mother was Dolores Morales, daughter of
Alberto and Gertrudis Conytrillo.
Andres Ocon, m. Juana Soto and their son Jose Antonio, b. 1759,
(d. 1828), m. Josefa Zandoval (Xavier and Francisca de Urrutia); and
they had five chUdren, Juan Pedro, b. 1796, apparently the oldest and
Jose Maria Dolores, who m. 1820 Maria Sebastiana Vela.
GUERRERO
I. Cayetano Guerrero, the Master Matias Antonio probably m. 2nd,
Smith, m. 1729, Ana Hernandez: 1776, Matiana Ramon (Diego and
i Juan ignacio, conf. 1759. Teresa Ximenes):
2 Matias Antonio, q. s. 2 Maria Antonia, b. 1776, probably d. y.
3 Andres Rosalia, b. 1732; conf. 1759, m. 3 Maria Antonia, b. 1778.
" c a / ' 1753* Francisco Sanches: m . 4 Joseph Antonio, b. 1781.
2nd, 1765, Pedro Leal; and m. 3rd, af- 5 Cayetana, b. 1783.
ter 1772, Joaquin de Soto Silvestre. Q Maria Josefa, b. 1786.
4 Maria Bernarda, conf. 1759; m. 1st, 7 Francisca Teodora, q. s.
Margil Falcon; m. 2nd Bartolo Se- 8 Trinidad, m. Jose Ximenes (Joaquin
guin. and Guadalupe Ramon).
5 Juana Justa m Jacobo Hernandez. TJI. F r a n d S C a T e o d o r a ( 7 ) , b . 1788,
6 Antonia, m. 1760, Pedro Flores de . * *
Abrego, probably the son of Domingo HI. A n t O n i O H u i z a r :
and Marcela Trevieo: ! Pablo J o s ^ b. 1823.
1 Joaquin. 2 Jose Joaquin, b. 1825.
1827
II. Matias Antonio (2), conf. 1759, } j^ffiffifrfr '
m. 1744, Luisa Catarina AngUlO 5 Seferino, in. 1st. Trinidad Garcia (Jo-
, - _ M J. - J -i -is se Maria and Manuela Rodriguez):
(Juana and Antonia de Carvajal): i j ua n de Dios, b. isss:
1 Maria Luisa, m. 1st, 1764, Joseph Mi- SefeilnO probabl y m . 2nd, OaUa
guel Hernandez (Andres and Juana _r_ n r , 0 . c ,.
de Olios); she probably m. 2nd, Sal- riores.
vador Rodriguez (Patricio and Josefa i Francisco de Padua, b. 1851.
Granado). ii Geronimo, b. 1853.
The San Jose Mission records mention Pedro Huisar who m. Maria;
had Joseph, b. 1778. Pedro received land from Juan Leal Goraz, Feb. 20,
1783; from JuUan de Arocha, July 13, 1784; and from Leonardo de la
Garza, Dec. 29, 1784.227
Pedro Huizar, accordmg to the Bexar Archives, 1789, was Span-
ish Alcalde of the Concepcion Mission in 1795. His survey for irriga-
tion from the San Antonio River is mentioned in the Nacogdoches Ar-
chives, March 26, 1791. The Census reports for 1792 and 1793, Bexar
Archives, mention Pedro Huizar, the carpenter, who was bom in 1740,
at AguascaUentes, and who m. Trinidad Enrriques. By deed of July 13,
1784, in the Spanish Archives, Pedro Huizar, a resident of the VUla of
San Fernando, received land from JuUana de la Garza, and her son,
Joseph Flores, measuring 80 v. square. It was bounded N, lot of Dolores
Ximenes; S, lot of Juan Leal; W, San Pedro Creek; and E, lot of Josefa
Flores. The land received from Juan Leal Goraz, February 20, 1783, also
measured 80 v. square. It was bounded W, Calle de Arroyo de San Pedro;
E, lot of Juan Jose Montes de Oca; N, Juliana de la Garza; and S, lot of
Luis Perez.
PheUs Guerrero, b. 1750, m. Carmen Leal; they had two chUdren,
according to the B. G., Jose and Guadalupe. (See Leal).
Brlgido Guerrero was one of those who entered the Alamo under
Colonel Travis in February of 1836. He was one of the defenders of
the Alamo and remained in it up to the last moment, and after the
storming of the place by the Mexican army, when he saw there was
no hope left, he had the good fortune of saving his life by concealing
himself. He came to Texas with Colonel Ugartachea in 1835.228 Bri-
gido Guerrero, b. 1810, son of Juan Jose and Joaquina Salirdo (?), m.
1846, Dolores Mendes (Nicolas and Josefa Montoya), and they had a
daughter Maria Faustina, b. 1851.
227 "Sp. Ar.," I l l , 94-95.
228 "Headrights," II, 349; and "District Court/' Book A., p. 36, Oct. Term. 1838.
GUAYO'S last official act, noted in the SaltUlo ar-

chives, was the signing of a pardon, Monclova,
October 26, 1722. He was followed in office by his
Lieutenant-General.
Don Fernando Peres de Almazan was appomted
Govemor of Texas, January 22, 1722. He stayed in
Texas. He had assisted at the siege and capture
of New Caledonia on the Isthmus of Darien; he
had been alcalde mayor of SaltUlo and Parras, and
had been the juez comisario who measured the lands in SaltiUo, 1713;
he also assisted Aguayo in recruiting troops for Texas. In San Anto-
nio he carried out the building of the waU, ramparts, warehouses, of-
ficers' quarters and soldiers houses in the new presidio, and this out
of his own pocket. In the Adaes he was prompt in rebuilding the
PresdUo of Pilar, which had been destroyed by fire. He was also re-
sponsible for the erection of the San Miguel, Ais, and Nacogdoches
missions in that jurisdiction. At the same time he had to keep an eye
on the contraband trade, for no sooner had Aguayo left Texas than
this trade again sprang up between the French and Spaniards. Then,
in La Bahia the soldiers and Indians got into much trouble, and af-
fairs there had to be investigated.
Withal, the Spanish officers, it would seem, were no more virtuous
than many officials of today. What the soldiers purchased with their
salaries was fumished by contract at stipulated prices, and needless
to say, at very high ones. The greater part of the soldiers spent the
remainder of their pay in gambling, and when contractmg debts, sold
their horses and arms, and became servants to the officers, caring Ut-
tle for their position or the pubUc service, says Yoakum.
Most serious of all, however, was the new perU, the Apache, the
common enemy of the Internal Provinces. On August 17, 1723, the
Apaches defied even the presidio at San Antonio, and made a raid
upon the stock. "In spite of the fact that the corral was locked and
that ten soldiers guarded the gates, the Indians broke in and carried
off eighty horses. Captam Flores was notified, and, though it was
midnight, set out in pursuit." On the night of March 9, 1724, Fran-
cisco Minchaca (sic) of the Presidio of Rio Grande del Norte, serving
as an escort to Antonio Gonzales, the courier from the viceroy to La
Bahia, "arrived at San Antonio and reported that his companion. . . .
had been kUled by Indians about 15 leagues away." By 1725 the
Spaniards at San Antonio possessed considerable definite knowledge
concerning this enemy. As Father Hidalgo had rightly remarked, the
Apaches, little by Uttle, were showing their claws.229
WhUe the French were suppling the Apaches and Comanches with
arms, both the Apaches and their enemies to the North were sohcit-
ing peace with the Spaniards, but at the same time were not consum-
ating it. Captam Flores is said to have accomplished the confedera-
229 "Testimonio," San Antonio de Bejar, Feb. 8, 1726, in Wagner, "The Spanish South-
west," 180; A. G. I., 137-1-3; "Prov. Int.," Vol. 181, 1724; and in Quarterly, XIV, 223-224.
tion of the Apaches, and to have gained their friendship for the
Spaniards, aU of which was in Une with the policy of openmg up
commercial relations between New Mexico and Texas to La Bahia.230
As far as Indian activities were concemed, the period from 1726
to 1731 was a relatively quiet one. But as to the poUtical situation, it
was far from quiet. Almost from the very beginning there had been
some who distrusted the system of colonizing by means of missions
and presidios, and it was now that there was a very positive and out-
spoken objection to it.
From Perez de Almazan's report of July 4, 1726, it is evident that
that official also had difficulties with the reUgious. He stated that
the presidio was having great difficulty to attend mass, as the Rev.
Fath. Fr. Miguel SevUlano, president of the San Antonio de Valero
Mission, found excuses not to provide a religious for the presidio on
feast days. He suggested that two reUgious and a lego be provided
the missions. The presidio, he reported, was composed of forty-five
officers and soldiers, with four civiUans (vezinos) and their famUies.
The total population of 200 souls, he added, remained regularly with-
out hearing mass; and aside from the soldiers of the guard, he part-
icularly regretted that fact, that the women and greater part of the
boys of the settlement were unable to enjoy reUgious attention.231
Pedro de Rivera arrived in San Antonio, August, 1727, on his
revista of the frontier presidios. He was accompanied by Francisco
de Barreiro y Alvarez, miUtary engineer, who had returned to Spain
in 1720, subsequent to the Alarcon Expedition, in compUance with a
general order that aU Spaniards in Mexico whose wives were in Spain,
return to that country. Barreiro drew up six maps in colors and
described the territory which he covered with Rivera.232 Rivera re-
duced the garrison at San Antonio to forty-three, leaving only 100
men in aU the other presidios; and considered this number too large.
His arrangements were approved and the ordinances were drawn up
in 1729.
As a result, the missionaries, and particularly those among the In-
dians of eastem Texas, lodged strong complamts. Instead of having
their protection reduced, they demanded additional forces, and the
placing at their disposal of competent guards for the missions and
for separating the apostate Indians from the heathen. They were
disappointed, however; the garrison of Dolores was withdrawn in 1729,
whereupon the Queretarans asked that their three missions in that
vicinity, be removed to the protection of the presidio of San Antonio
de Bexar, where numbers of uncoverted Indians (Pacaos, Pajalata
and Pitalaques) could easUy be reduced.
The San Antonio de Valero mission and its pueblo were now sit-
uated to the east of the river, and of the presidio, and somewhat to
230 "Prov. Int.," Vol. 181, p. 279, Jan. 11, 1724.

231 "Prov. Int.," Vol. 236, 1726-1741, Part I, Bolton Trans., the Univ. of Tex., Cuen-
clara and Casa Fuerte correspondence, see Bolton "Guide," 132.
232 A. G, I., 67-4-4 and 136-7-39, 40. See Wagner, op. cit; Torres Lanzas "Mapas, Pia-
nos de Mexico y Floridas." Rivera's Diary, Guatemala, 1736, copy in A. G., "Guerra y Ma-
rina," Mex. See Bolton, Guide, 277.
the north. It consisted only of a little tower and several small jaca-
les.233 The first ten years of the existence of this mission had been
spent mainly in gathering in the Xarami Indians who had come from
the San Jose or San Francisco Solano Mission, and who had scattered
to the wilds in the vicinity of the San Antonio River'. Others were also
invited to come to the mission, including the Payayas and YerebrLpia-
mos, and the Muruabes and Paguaches, totaling 273, of whom only 73
were faithful Christians.
In the year 1724 a furious hurricane swept the place and aU of
the jacales of the primitive mission were destroyed, with great dam-
ages to all, and for this reason the mission was removed to a more
convenient site, where it was located in 1727, about two gun-shots dis-
tance from the original site. From the year 1724 to the year 1727,
three spacious cells were built; one gaUery, and another cell of stone
and adobe were under construction in 1727; they were to form the
convent. Other strong jacales for living quarters had been construct-
ed, as weU as aU other necessities, mcluding the entire Rancheria
where the Indians lived. An Asequia from the river had been made
which irrigated the lands of the labor of the mission, one league dis-
tant. They had worked four years in bringing the water from the
river to the fields. All the work had been done with bars, and the
rnissionaries themselves had not lacked a single day of work. Presi-
dent Fath. Joseph Gonzales was especially zealous, and was the one
who worked the most, for he appreciated the importance of irrigation
to his mission.
Up to 1727 no stone church edifice had been erected, but the
necessary materials for one were already coUected and ready for the
work. Father SevUlano de Paredes added that by the time his report
would have reached the Comisario General, the work on the stone
church would have commenced, and it would not be long before the
services would be held in the new edifice and not in the old jacal
which served the purpose, which would be spacious, and have a good
door, with cleanUness (aseo) and very decent decorations. Everyone
was reported working regularly to finish the pueblo, which was,
thanks, to God, ever increasing in size. The missionaries requested
materials to buUd with stone, and a master who understood such mat-
ters, as they had been unable to bring with them a qualified master
of works, as none would accompany them to these dangerous parts, in
spite of their repeated requests.
One of Aguayo's first communications to the king, after his with-
drawal from Texas,234 is proof of his constructive pohcy, which was
233 A. G. M,, "Monumentos para Coahuila," XXIX, "Visita de las Misiones del Rio
Grande del Norte por Fr. Miguel Sevillano de Paredes en 15 de Octubre de 1727," P a r t I, p.
37. Paredes said that the instruction in religious doctrines, and education of the Indians and
the administration of the Holy Sacraments were quite the same in all of the missions, and
that a report of this nature for the mission of "La Punta," would therefore include the mis-
sion of San Antonio.
Morfi states that the San Antonio mission was founded in the immediate vicinity of the
presidio of S. A. de Bexar, to gather some Indians whom the missionaries had "already" re-
duced "abecindad", of which an account was given the viceroy, and he approved the erection.
—Morfi. "Memorias," Book v. No. 25. See Bonilla, document 42, No. 43, p. 475, para. 663;
•"Historia," XXVIII, 163-164; and Fernandez Santa Ana, report, 1740.
234 Dated June 13, 1722; A. G. I., Guadalajara, 1719-1721; 67-3-11, p. 6.
far better for tLe province of Texas than the local conflict of selfish
interests and criticism. The Marques beUeved that one permanent
Spanish family would do more to hold the country than a hundred
soldiers.
He said that many Indians had gathered, as could be seen from
the testimonies for the founding of the province, which had been
transmitted to H. M., for the progress, establishing and maintenance
of the province. Instead of spending great sums for numerous mUit-
ary and presidios, Aguayo recommended as indispensable, populating
the province with 200 Spanish famUies from GaUcia, the Canary Is-
lands or Havana, as such settlers would be more given to work than
the natives of Texas (por ser gente mas hecha al trabajo que la de
este clima), as well as with an additional 200 settlers from Gran Tlax-
cala, who could be brought by way of Veracruz to La Bahia at Uttle
cost, and who had proved themselves very satisfactory whereever they
had settled (que an prouvada muy bien en todas partes), and as they
were ever mindful of their religious duties (aplicados al culto divino)
they would set an excellent example for the natives. Aguayo also re-
commended that these 400 famiUes be divided between La Bahia, San
Antonio, and aU the missions! of the Adys, and Thexas, and that a new
mission be founded with a Spanish pueblo, and Tlaxcaltecans, at mid-
road at one of the places, La Anguila or Nuestra Senora de Buena
vista, as the 172 leagues from San Antonio to the first mission of the
Texas were unpopulated. Aguayo added, that without these families
it would be very dififcult, it not impossible, to maintain the Province
of Texas.
In another l e t t e r s Aguayo explamed the convenience and bet-
ter security of the provinces, as weU as the economy for the Royal
Hacienda, in not having so many presidios and soldiers, and again re-
commended the 400 famiUes, without whom, he repeated, it would be
very difficult to maintain the province, which was one of the best in
America, being very fertile, with every kind of grain and cattle, and
with mines from which benefits could be received.
WhUe the missionaries and governors were quarreUing, these re-
commendations of the good Marques were having their due effect.
The King of Spain decided that the entire 400 famiUes should come
as volunteers, from the Canary Islands, owing to the facUities of
transportation from that point. Royal Cedulas of May 10, and 18,
1723, and February 14, 1729, ordered that they should be helped on
their way, so that they should be given no reason for tuming aside
from their destination.
Leopoldo von Buch said that after the Guanches were totaUy ex-
tirpated, their place was supplied by pure Spaniards, who were dis-
tinguished for regular habits, a respect for females and a rigid ad-
herence to the Catholic faith. The Spanish government believed
that the Canary Islanders, with these advantages, would be good sub-
jects in replacing the licentious soldiery of New Spain.
235 A. G. I., Guadalajara, 1710-1738; 67-1-37, pp. 1-6.

The Governor of Florida, Don Pablo de Hita Salacar, wrote (June

15, 1675) , that if the Spanish famUies to settle the province were
carefully selected, the most practical of the land and known to be the
best for the purpose, and that if they were good workers, they would
soon become wealthy as their crops would be very abundant. He
added that such famUies would help to afford the defense so neces-
sary to that province, and suggested that they come out by way of
Havana.
Don Ignacio Perez (previous to 1686) had been given charge
of 100 families from the Canary Islands, who after a 30-day voyage,
arrived at Santo Domingo. He had been given 17,000 pesos in ad-
vance, to carry out the project. Captain Martin de Echagarai, Cap-
tain of sea and war, of the presidio of Florida, and who had entered
service in Florida, January 31, 1671, and had been in Havana in 1675,
requested the same financial aid from the government, with 50 fam-
Uies from the Canary Islands, and some from Campeche, as these set-
tlers had already abundantly proved their satisfactory services in New
Spain and Havana. The contract for 50 famUies was granted, April
11, 1685. But during the following year, 1686, Echagarai reported that
it was impossible for him to comply with his contract for settling
Canary Islanders and Campeche Indians at La Bahia del Espiritu
Santo.236
During the year 1723 there was considerable activity in the field
of setthng Texas with Canary Islanders. On March 18, of that year,
instructions were issued regarding their transportation. On May 10,
instructions were issued regarding the management. On July 24, the
CouncU at Madrid was caUing for further information in regard to
Aguayo's plans for the settlement of famiUes in Texas.237 On Sep-
tember 19, it was reported that 200 families were ready to embark for
Campeche. But it was not until August 8, 1727, that it was finally
decided that such a number of emigrants, totalling over 1,000 souls,
could not possibly sail on any one vessel for Campeche or for Vera-
cruz, and that morever, if such a number of colonists should arrive at
La Bahia de San Bernardo at the same time, it would be impossible to
house and feed them. The appropriate authorities in Yucatan had al-
ready been instructed as to receiving these families; and it was sug-
gested that if the plans of Montero were accepted, the same instructions
should be sent to the appropriate authorities in Havana, for the
transportation of the families directly to La Bahia, or to Veracruz,
from whence they could be sent to La Bahia.238
It was in response to Royal Dispatch of February 14, 1729,239 that
"a few people—numbering when they left the Canary Islandrs but ten
families—volunteered to come to Texas. These immigrants reached
Bexar at eleven o'clock, March 9, 1731."24o
236 A. G. I. Mexico. Transcr. of L. S., April 22, 1686 and A. G. I„ Dunn Transcr, 1671-
1685, Seville-Mexico, 61-6-20,
237 A. G. I. S., Mexico, Transcr. of L. S., 3-1S-1723; 7-15-1727, pp. 1-10.
238 A. G. I., Guadalajara, 1710-1738, 67-1-37, p. 17.
239 In "Expediente Mandado formar por el Sor. Comandte. Gral. Brigadier Dn. Nemesio
Salcedo, 4-5 "vta." 1811 Nacogdoches Archives; in Quarterly, VIII, 329-331.
240 Austin, "Municipal Government," in Quarterly, VIII, 294.
This order recites what the Marques de Aguayo proposed, and

then adds: "After the above mentioned report had been seen in my
Council of the Indies, together with the opinion of the fiscal in regard
to it, I was likewise consulted on the point; and, as it was remember-
ed that by an order of March 18, 1723, issued por la via reservada,
Don Juan Montero, who was then serving as intendente ad interim of
those Islands, was given instructions that every register ship leaving
the Islands for Campeche should carry over 200 families of such per-
sons as desired to volunteer to settle in the above mentioned places,
in the Bay of San Bernardo, Bahia del Espiritu Santo, and the Prov-
ince of Texas, to be distributed proportionately in aU these places;
and that said famUies should be left in the port of Campeche from
whence they should be carried to Vera Cruz in trading vessels, I have
now resolved, that, for the peace and security of the aforesaid prov-
inces, there should be sent from those Islands 400 famiUes, including
the 200 for whose departure I had previously provided by the above
mentioned order of March 18, 1723. It must be understood that these
additional 200 families shall set saU from the Canaries in such reg-
ister ships as may leave for the port of Havana, each vessel carrying
ten or twelve families, and as many more as is possible, in order that
from the said port they may be transported to the port of Vera Cruz,
and from there they may travel by sea to the places which they are
to settle and inhabit. I, therefore, command and order that you
make known my royal wUl in those Islands, and see if there be fam-
Uies in them who desire to go by way of Havana to the places above
mentioned. If they agree to this voluntarily, and in no other case
(y no en otra forma), you shall arrange for the transportation of at
least ten or twelve famUies in each register ship as above stated.
Know that by dispatches I this day order the govemor and royal of-
ficials of Havana, as soon as the famUies arrive at that port, to re-
ceive them and to give them such assistance as they may need, and
to arrange for their transportation to Vera Cruz; and to the viceroy of
Nueva Espaha that he shall see that the same measures are taken in his
port, that he shall arrange for their transportation by sea to the places in
which they are to settle, and that he shaU provide them with what
they may need for their maintenance for one year, untU they plant
their crops. He is, likewise, to see that they are cared for, and are
given the proper treatment. This is my wUl. Likewise, you shaU re-
port, at the earUest opportunity, the receipt of this dispatch, and such
measures as shaU be taken in consequence."241
Pichardo says "In order that this settlement might be augment-
ed and so that others might be formed in the remainder of the Pro-
vince of Texas, families from the other continent were requested, as
is apparent from some cedulas, whose texts are as follows: In the
Cedula in No. 181, of document 39, this is said: 'And in order that the
said places may be profitable to my Royal Hacienda as their richness
promises, he asks that a large number of famiUes be sent to settle
them.' This petition of the Most ExceUent Senor Viceroy was the
241 To Don Bartolome de Masablanca y Mesa, "Juez del Comercio de Indias" in the
Canary Islands; signed for the King by Don Franko. Dias Roman, at Seville, Feb. 14, 1729.
cause of the coming of the famUies from the Canaries to San Antonio
de Bexar."242
"To begin with but ten famUies, under the leadership of Juan
Leal Goras, who was the oldest man among them and the one who
subsequently received the greatest honors within their gift, started
out from the Canary Islands. Within a month the number of fam-
Uies was increased from ten to fifteen. This was brought about by
marriage among the colonists, as may be seen from a comparison of
the list of the famUies taken at Quatitlan, September 9, 1730, with
the list taken just before they left Quatitlan, November 8, 1730."
There was a total of fifty-six persons; and sixteen famUies if the un-
married men be counted a family. In SaltUlo a new list and inven-
tory was certified to, January 31, 1731, and Colonel Aguirre provided
them an escort of ten soldiers to the Presidio del Norte (Rio Grande).
Prom there they were escorted anew to San Antonio by Francisco
Dubal.243
After their arrival in San Antonio the governor made a new and
final Ust, "in order to confer upon them, as first settlers, and upon
their descendants, the title of Hijos Dalgos or Hidalgos, the regular
honor bestowed upon first settlers of a new city in the colonies," in
accordance with the Laws of the Indies (Law VI, title vi, book iv).244
These famUies from the Canary Islands founded the villa which
was next to the Presidio of Vexar; "the Senor Casafuerte would not
have it given his name, but [favored giving it] that of San Fernando
in honor of His Serene Highness the Prince of Asturias."245
According to the Order of the Viceroy, November 28, 1730 (copy
dated December 27, 1806, in the Bexar Archives), it was to be made a
ciudad, and created the capital of Texas because it was the first civil
settiement founded in the province by famUies from the Canaries.246
The privUege, however, of confirming this decree, and of giving the
Ulustious municipality a coat of arms, should that be His Royal plea-
sure, was reserved by the viceroy to His Majesty, in order of Novem-
ber 28, 1730.
Then foUowed a decree for the temporary lodging of the colonists
In comphance with the eight-page order issued by the viceroy,
Don Juan de Acuna, Marques de Casafuerte, November 28, 1730, the
Captain of the presidio, Don Juan Antonio Perez de Almazan, owing
to the absence of the governor, immediately considered the existing
condition and difficulties preventing the immediate selection, exam-
ination, measurement, erection of buildings, etc. ordered made for the
VUla de San Fernando, which were: 1st, the lands to the west of the
presidio, the site designated for the location of the vUla, had no facU-
ities for irrigation, and to provide them would require time and
242 A. G. Mexico, PIchardo, "Historia," 544, P a r t 2, para. 666; trnslation by Dr. Hackett.
A series of cedulas in this connection. Ibid., pp. 479-484.
243 Cuatitlan list, Nov. 1730, Prov. Int., Vol. 32; Bolton, Guide, 425; and Quarterly,
244 Chabot, Powerful Aguayos, Ms.
VII, 295, and II, 219.
245 Bonilla, "Br. Com.," in Quarterly, VIII, 40-41.
246 "A better reason than that given by the viceroy for the establishment of the cap-
ital at San Fernando lay in natural advantages of the place."—Austin, "Municipal Gov-
ernment," in Quarterly, VIII, 297, note 2.
money; 2nd, the season (March) was the time for preparing the soU
for planting com, and this was absolutely necessary for the mainten-
ance of the famUies; and 3rd, the said judge had already arranged
and ordered that the said Islanders and their famUies be accommo-
dated in the houses of the soldiers and citizens of the presidio, where,
for the time being, they were as comfortable as could be expected.
Perfi
13 c cit a m i n o r a y coti ejj a J. a c h a d a <\ w e d ara

l a p o l l a c i c m <jue i e l a a i v i H e l J a e n d p / a .
Ho <juc c i i a elcripto afcajo, ctiyas l e r r a s
y nuTii ex o s co r r d p o n d CTL L eo u n el I wjar
d o n d e eft a n , C o l o c a d o * . R e i p o n d i e n r
rabrlcado.
A temporary division of lands, between the river and creek, north

and south of the presidio, was agreed upon, and planting was begun
at once. By the end of June much com had been planted; and the
most remarkable thing was that some grape cuttings brought from
Coahuila had taken root in spite of the great distance, and had fruit
that year. In July they proceeded to select and locate lands for the
vUla, a gun-shot distance to the east of the presidio. Then came the
partition and distribution of irrigable lands. Accordmg to said distri-
bution there were alloted to each of the sixteen famiUes one suerte,
or lot, of land 105 common varas wide, making 52% brazas, the usual
measurement in their islands, one brace measuring 6 ft., and the dis-
tance from the San Pedro to the river, long. Because of the windings
of the stream, some of the suertes were larger than others. Lots were
cast with 16 tickets, on each of which a number was written, from
one to sixteen, and each family drew his lot, without any preference
whatever, as foUows: Joseph Curbelo drew the 1st suerte; Joseph
Leal, 2nd; Salvador Rodriguez, 3rd; Juan Leal, Jr, 4th; Antonio Rodri-
guez, 5th; Francisco Arocha, 6th; Vicente Alvares, 7th; Francisco Del-
gado, 8th; Manuel de Nis, 9th; Joseph Padron, 10th; Maria Rodriguez,
widow, 11th; Juan Delgado, 12th; Antonio Santos, 13th; Juan Curbelo,
14th; Martin Lorenzo, for himself and in the name of the 3 other
single men, the 15th; and, Juan Leal Goras, the 16th and last suerte.
The famUies were given title to the land in the name of H. M., in ac-
cordance with the Laws of the Indies, IV, title xii, book 4. The de-
cree was to be deposited in the house of the Concejo of the CabUdo,
as part of the record for land titles.24?
The Bishop of Guadalajara was instructed by decree, to send a
resident of the oratory of San Carlos, a zealous person, to administer
the sacraments and perform the other reUgious duties for the in-
habitants of the new capital. The person selected was to act both as
curate and as ecclesiastic vicar judge. He was to hasten the erection
of a church. "A chapel was at once raised as a place of worship tUl
a proper parish church could be built. The records of this church
now date back to August 31,1731, when Bachelor Joseph de la Garza
was parish priest, and by his leave Father Augustin Cyprian baptized
a child of Spanish parentage. The next year the church itself must
have been opened, for the first time a baptism is recorded as per-
formed within its walls was on the 17th of July, 1732," says Shea in
"The Church in Texas."
In accordance with viceregal instructions, on July 20, 1731, Don
Juan Antonio Perez de Almazan, captain of the presidio, named [for
Ufe] aU of the officers of the municipal government. They were in-
staUed on August 1, 1731, and immediately elected two alcaldes as
judicial officers, who took the oath of office the same day. "Notifi-
cation of the result of the election was forwarded at once, but the
viceroy's approval was not given until October 24, 1731."248
247 "Record of the Division and Distribution of Lands. . .," in "Gaceta-Municipal, Organo
del Ayuntamiento Constitucional de Guadalajara," Jalisco, Mexico, Dec. 15, 1920; viceregal
dispatch authorizing assignment of land, in Quarterly, VIII, 338-343; "La Cartilla de Par-
tici6n," Leal vs. Padron, Bexar Archives, 1733, 6 0 ; and Prov. Int., Vol. 32, "Testimonio" of
the autos, 1731.
248 Quarterly, VIII, 297-298.
CANARY ISLAND FAMILIES
1730 List Final, 1731 List

I Leal Leal
n Curbelo Curbelo
m Juan Leal, el mozo Juan Leal, Jr.
IV Santos Santos
V Padron Padron
VI Nis Nis
vn Rodriguez (Salvador) Alvares Travieso
vm The widow Cabrera Rodriguez (Salvador)
(who died en route)
rx The widow Granado Arocha
X Delgado Rodriguez (Antonio)
XI Rodriguez (Antonio) Leal (Joseph)
xn Delgado (Juan)
xni Cabrera (Joseph)
xrv The widow Granado
xv The widow Delgado
XVI The two Armas and the
two Peres
Note that the Alvarez Travieso and the Arocha famUies apparent-
ly joined the origmal party of settlers after their arrival in Mexico.
They were aU, however, natives of the Canary Islandsi.249
LEAL GORAZ
Juan Leal Goraz, son of Antonio Goraz and Maria Perez was born
in the Island of Lancerote in 1676. He is described as "tall, long face,
thick beard, dark complexion, sharp nose, blind in the left eye, black
beard and hair, Ught grey eyes." His station in Ufe was that of a
smaU farmer (labrador), which honorable occupation he foUowed for
over fifty-four years of his long Ufe. In his native isle, a colonial
judge had already chosen him as head of the party which was organ-
izing to come to America. In Mexico the viceroy re-appointed him to
that position. With due respect to his venerable age, for he was the
oldest man among the settlers, he was chosen as perpetual alcalde and
Regidor de Cano. He was thus the first mayor of our municipaUty.
The official Ust drawn up at Cuatitlan states that Juan Leal "Gon-
zal" was the son of Antonio "Gonzal" while subsequent records show
this name to be Goraz. Many of the official records as well as fam-
ily tradition know this family by the name of Leal, without the Goraz,
249 Sec Quarterly, VIII, 277-352, Appendix II, for Nov. 8, 1730 Cuatitlan list; and "Pro-
vincias Internas," XXXII, Doc. 11, for June, 1731 list.
"In the year 1740," Morfi tells us in his History of Texas (Cas-
taneda's translation, pp. 291-293), "the viUa of San Fernando, through
their representatives Vicente Travieso and Juan Leal Goraz, and again
in 1744 [1743], through Patricio Rodriguez and Juan Delgado, com-
plained to the viceroy, giving their grievances such an appearance of
justice that they obtained a dispatch from his exceUency, ordering
that Indians from the missions be furnished them to work on their
farms, and the missionaries be informed that they were to abstain
from engaging in trade, that they were not to enlarge their fields,
nor spend their time in the sale of their crops, as this was not in
keeping with their caUing and was prejudicial to the settlers. The
captains [of the presidios] were to purchase such suppUes as they
needed from the settlers [of San Fernando]. Upon learning of the
above-cited report," adds Morfi, "the missionaries appeared before the
viceroy, through their president, to vindicate themselves. After a long
suit, his exceUency was pleased to declare, in his dispatch of January
4, 1745, that the previous order had been issued in view of the false
sinister report made by the members of the city councU of the vUla
of San Fernando; that, since everything provided therein was against
royal orders, as demonstrated by the president, his exceUency was
convinced of the unselfishness and good conduct of the missionaries
and now ordered the captains of the presidios [in Texas] to buy their
com from whomsoever they thought best, be they Indians or Span-
iards. He ordered that the Indians be not withdrawn from the mis-
sions under any pretext; that the Canary islanders should fence their
farms and abstain from kiUing the stock of the Indians, with whom
they were to have no dealings except through the missionaries. The
decree obtained by the Canary islanders under false pretenses should
be withdrawn, and the present decree enjoy strict and absolute en-
forcement. The governor and captains of the province were to see that
it was obeyed under pain of being fined 500 pesos. How honorable it
is for a viceroy to make so glorious a pubUc admission of an error!
"On May 14, of the same year [1745], it was necessary to repeat to
the captam of the presidio of San Antonio that a simUar fine of 500
pesos would be imposed on him if he allowed any of the soldiers, set-
tlers, or Canary islanders to go out to hunt wUd cattle, without first
giving notice to the missionaries, in order that they might have time
to round up the stock of the missions to prevent the soldiers or set-
tlers from killing them as wUd game."
And Morfi, who certainly did not hold friendly feelings for the
Canary island settlers of San Fernando, concludes, "Lastly, on Sep-
tember 19, 1745, the auditor, the marquis of Altamira, declared in a
report: "The fourteen famUies from the Canary islands complain
against the reverend fathers of the five missions, against the Indians
that reside therein, agamst the captain of the presidio and against
the other forty-nine famiUes settled there, so that it seems they de-
sire to be left alone in undisputed possession. Perhaps even then they
may not find enough room in the vast area of the entire province."
I. Juan Leal Goraz, m. 1st, Lucia he stated, he could find greater

(Catarina) Hernandez (Bartolo- advantages; or where at least, he
me and Catalina Rodriguez), b. might have found fewer disad-
1685, Lancerote; m. 2nd, in San vantages© He m. Maria Gracia
Antonio, Maria MeUan, widow of de Acosta (Pedro Gonzales Cabe-
Lucas Delgado. He d. in San An- zas and Francisca de Acosta), b.
tonio, intestate, at "two o'clock 1700, Teneriffe; "tall, full-faced,
the night before" March, 1743. fair complexion, Ught grey eyes,
By his 1st m.: black hair and eyebrows, pointed
1 Juan, "el mozo," or J r . ; q. s. nose." They had:
2 Joseph, q. s. 1 Miguel, b. 1720, Fuerteventura; "large
3 Vicente ,b. 1712, Lancerote; "medium grey eyes, meeting eyebrows, light
height broad shouldered, long face, chestnut hair, thin nose, scar at the end
beardless [when 18 yrs. of age*!, of the left eyebrow, blobber-lipped, black
aquiline nose, eyebrows meeting, light curled hair." He m. 1st, Juana Ma-
grey eyes, black curled hair, black ria de la Garza:
eyebrows, dark complexion." He m. i Maria Ignacia, b. 1764.
Juana Flores: m. 2nd, 1775, Magdalena Gonza-
i Rosalia, possibly m. 1777, Juan les (Pablo and Maria Rosa Rodri-
Antonio de San Miguel, from the guez), wid. of Joaquin Montalbo,
Adaes. of Valle de Santa Rosa.
4 Catalina, b. 1713, Lancerote; m. 1st, 2 Domingo, b. 1723, Palma, "fair com-
. Juan Delgado; m. 2nd, Juan Joseph plexion, black eyes, reddish hair, flat
Rodriguez: nose, freckly face." He m. Polinaria de
i Juan Francisco, conf. 1759; m. Herrera:
1776, J u a n a Travieso (?) ; (An- i Antonia Ursula, b. 1751.
other record states that Juan Ro- 3 Maria (or Josefa), b. 1724, Fuerte-
driguez m. Catarina de los San- ventura ; conf. 1759; "round face, dark
tos.) complexion, grey eyes, black hair and
6 Bernardo, b. 1717, Lancerote; round eyebrows." She m. Martin Flores y
face, flat nose, light grey eyes, chest- Valdes.
nut eyebrows and hair; d "ca" 1751. 4 Manuel, q. s.
He m. Leonor Delgado:
i Juan Antonio, b. 1745, d. y. III. Manuel (4), b. 1728, Lancerote;
ii Vicente, probably m. Maria de "dark complexion, Ught grey eyes,
Carvajal; they had Rosalia, m,
1755, Francisco Cortinas (Juan chestnut curled hair, scar above
and Mariana Longoria). the left eyebrow." He m. 1st, Jo-
II. Juan, el mozo, head of the 3rd sefa Galvan (?Juan and Francis-
family; b. 1700, Lancerote; "me- ca Xaviera Maldonado); and m.
dium height, broad-shouldered, 2nd, Manuela Banul (Juan and
dark complexion, long face, thick Maria Fuentes). By the 1st m.:
beard, sharp nose, meetmg eye-
brows, curled hair, black eye- 1 Juana Gertrudis, m, 1759, Basilio Arre-
dondo (Francisco and Ana Francisca
brows and hair, eyes almost grey, de la Garza), b. 1741, Coahuila; a sol-
dier from San Luis de las Amarillas.
blobber-lipped." He w a s also Juana Arredondo, m. 1st, Joaquin Flo-
caUed Juan Leal Alvarez; and res, and m. 2nd, 1760, Asencio del Ra-
so, his 3rd wife; probably Basilio's
was so-caUed in the partition of sister.
his father's estate, in 1743. He re- By the 2nd m., with Manuela Ba-
nounced his office of regidor per- nul:
petuo, March 28, 1742, owing to 2 Francisco, b. 1749; m. 1786, Maria
the deplorable situation in San Guerrero (Felix and Isabel de la Zer-
da).
Antonio, and removed with his 3 Juan Joseph, q. s.
4 Juana Maria de la Concepcion, and
family to the Presidio de Santa 5 Juana Gertrudis del Carmen, twins, b.
Rosa, an important base of sup- 1752 ; q. s.
ply for the colonists (and which IV. Juan Joseph (3), the arrero,
later became the capital of aU the m. 1773 Maria Luisa de Urrutia
Eastern Interior Provinces), where (Joaquin and Josefa Hernandez):
250 B. A., March 28, 1742, deed to Thoribio de Urrutia.
1 Maria Guadalupe Faustina, b. 1774. records, who married Margarita

2 Josefa, b. 1775; m. 1810, Tomas Perez
(Gregorio and Josefa Lopez), from the Bargas, daughter of Lorenzo Ra-
Valle de Santa Rosa.
3 Melchor, q. s. mos and Rita Bargas, and whose
4 Juana Vicenta. b. 1780.
5 Maria Luisa, b. 1781.
parents are given as FeUs and
6 Ana Gertrudis, b. 1783; m. 1804, Lo- Carmen Amador. Vicente and Car-
renzo Saucedo (Jose Antonio and Mar-
garita de Angulo).
men had:
7 Maria de la Concepcion, b. 1785; m. 1 Pedro, q. s.
1800, Juan Jose Zepeda, brother of
Rosalia.
VI. Pedro (1), bapt. October 3,
8 Maria Josefa, b. 1788. 1806, aged 6 days; who is undoubt-
9 Juana Justa, b. 1790. edly the Pedro who married Mar-
10 Juana Nieves. b. 1791.
11 Maria Encarnacion, b. 1793. tina Flores, parents of:
V. Melchor (3), b. 1778 (d. 1858); 1 Casimira, q. s.
m. 1800, RosaUa Zepeda (Marcos Vn.Casimira (1), d. 1896, aged 63;
and Justa Travieso): m. James or Santiago Mooney
(Mumin, or Monroe), parents of:
1 Maria Josefa. m. 1824, Francisca Pe- 1 Jose Patricio, q. s.
res (Jose Nieves and Maria Josefa de 2 Martha, m. Dan Pfeil, of New Braun-
la Garza) ; m. 1745, Nicolas Vara (Ma- fels ; parents of William, James, Dan,
nuel and Luisa Delgado), by whom: Edward, and Joseph Pat.
i Maria Josefa, b. 1747. 3 Mary Ann, m. Pedro L. Chaves.
2 Jose Luciano Trinidad, b. 1801; m. Vm. Jose Patricio (1), m. 1829
1822, Juana Delgado (Gaspar and Ma-
ria del Carmen Ramon):
i Isabel, b. 1822.
(San Fernando), Dolores Flores,
ii Maria Josefa Nieves, b. 1826. aged 27 years, daughter of Fran-
iii Ildefonso, b. 1831. cisco and Francisca, one of the
iv Melchora Luciana, b. 1834.
3 Jose Angel, b. 1803. godparents being a Galan; Joseph
4 Maria del Refugio, b. 1806.
5 Maria Josefa Ricarda, b. 1808. Pat and Dolores had:
6 Maria Francisca. baptised, October 10, 1 Stella, q. s.
1810; probably the Francisca who m. IX. SteUa (1), m. John R. Lozano
Jose Olivarri (Simon and Guadalupe
Torres). (Juan and Ramona Gonzales),
7 Maria Lino. b. 1812; m. 1829, Jose
Maria Escalera (Felipe and Guadalupe from Mexico, now living in San
de Leon). Another record states that
the first Jose Maria Escalera m. Gua-
Antonio:
dalupe de Leon, and their son, Jose 1 Stella, m. March. 1934. Albert Cas-
Maria, the 2nd, m. Teresa Peres (Do- tilldn.
mingo and Concepcion de Carvajal) 2 Lydia, m. Aug. 16, 1936, Manuel Mass.
and they had a son, Jose Maria de Je- 3 Bertha, m. June 2, 1936, Albert Saerz.
sus, b. 1809; who probably m. Maria 4 John.
Lino Leal, by whom: 5 Joseph Pat.
i Jose Ignes Trinidad, b. 1838.
8 Jose Esperion, b. 1817.
II. Joseph Leal (2), head of the
9 Juana Blasa. b. 1820. 11th famUy, b. 1708, Lancerote; d.
IV. Carmen (5), b. 1752; m. Jan- 1758; "good figure, long face, dark
uary 12, 1780, FeUs Guerrero, by complexion, thick beard, black
whom: hair and eyebrows, meetmg of eye-
1 Jose Timoteo, b. August 22, 1783; in brows, thin nose." He m. Ana de
the bapt. record said to be the son of
Feliz Guerrero and Carmen Banul. los Santos (Antonio and Isabel Ro-
2 Vicente, q. s.
3 Maria Guadalupe, b. December 11,
driguez), b. 1715, Lancerote; "me-
1787; godparents: Francisco Chaves dium height, broad shoulders, fuU
and Juana Padron. face, fair complexion, lively grey
V. Vicente (2), bapt. November 4, eyes, flat nose, Ught chestnut hair
1784, aged 10 days; said to be the and eyebrows." They had:
son of FeUs Guerrero and Carmen 1 Maria Josefa, conf. 1759; m. 1750, San-
Leal; godparents: Juan Leal and tiago Peres, soldier:
i Maria Tomasa, conf. 1759; m.
Luisa de Urrutia, see above; he is 1773, Cayetano Domiagues (Gre-
undoubtedly the Vicente, called gorio D. de Renteria and Luisa
Hernandez); parents of: Joseph
"Herrera" owing to the uncertain Ignacio de Jesus, b. 1775; Miguel,
b. 1783; Juan Francisco, b. 1785;
handwriting of the manuscript Maria Geronima, b. 1788; Jose
A n t o n i o Carmel, m . M a r i a Busti- 9 J u a n Gregorio, m . Josefa F l o r e s :

llos ( ? J o s e ) : Jose Antonio, b . i Luis M a r i a n o , b . 1786.
1 8 1 3 ; a n d Diego, m . 1806, J u a n a ii Jose D o m i n g o , b- 1789 ; m . 1811,
Acosca (Domingo Diego a n d J u a - Guadalupe Cadena (Jose M a r i a
n a G e r t r u d is P a d i l l a , sister of a n d J o s e f a de la F u e n t e ) :
J u a n Ignacio, b . 1774). a M a r i a J o s e f a Felipa, b . 1812.
ii J u a n J o s e p h, conf. 1759. iii Jose F r a n c i s c o A n t o n i o P i o , b .
iii J o s e p h Rafael de l a T r i n i d a d , b . 1792
1755. iv M a r i a J o s e f a .
iv J o s e p h Manuel, b . 1 7 6 4 ; probably v Jose A n t o n i o .
d. y . vi ? J o s e Nieves, b . 1772, accordin g
v J o s e p h Manuel, b . 1766. to t h e B . G.
vi J u a n de Dios, b- 1769. 10 P e d r o Jose , conf. 1759; m . 1765, M a -
vii J o s e M a r i a de la T r i n i d a d , b . 1770. r i a Rosalia G u e r r e r o (Cayetano a n d
viii M a r i a A n t o n i a G e r t r u d i s , b . 1773. Ana Hernandez) :
ix J u a n de Dios Dario, b . 1777. i Maria G e r t r u d i s , b . 1766.
2 Ignacia D o m i n g a , b . 1 7 3 3 ; m . 1754, ii Manuela, b . 1771.
J u a n J o s e de Sosa. iii Joseph Marcelino , b. 1 7 7 4 ; m . 1803,
3 J u a n , q. s. Antonia Navarro (Juan and Jo-
4 Maria M a g d a l e n a , m. 1759, J u a n Joseph sefa F l o r e s ) .
Gallardo y Salazar, from Castile, son
of J u a n J o s e p h a n d J u a n a de S a l a z a r ;
he was "Procurador" a n d "Mayor
m . Juan (3), son of Joseph and
D o m o " of t h e properties of t h e Villa Ana de los Santos, b. December 20,
of S a n F e r n a n d o ; 251 t h e y h a d :
i J o s e L u i s , m. 1812, M a r i a A l b i n a
1735, most Ukely the "Juan Leal
M a r t i n e z (Nicolas a n d Gertrudis Garza" who m. Teresa Menchaca,
M i r e l e s ) ; p a r e n t s of: J o s e Manuel
S a l v a d o r , b . 1815. " M a n u e l Ga- of San Antonio; they had:
l l a r d o " m . M a r i a Refugia E s p a r - 1 J o s e p h M a n u e l , b . 1752; a soldier a t
za ( a n d h a d : J e s u s , b . 1 8 4 1 ; J u a n t h e A d a e s ; m . Teodora de l a F u e n t e ,
J o s e , b . 1847; a n d M a r i a Candela- from Saltillo, d a u g h t e r of M a n u e l a n d
r i a , b . 1 8 5 2 ) ; a n d P e d r o , m . Ma- Teresa Flores d e A b r e g o :
r i a J o s e f a A m a d o r ; a n d h a d : Ma- i M a r i a J o s e f a Teodora, b . 1774.
r i a G e r t r u d is de J e s u s , b . 1829 ;
w i t h g o d p a r e n t s , J o s e L u i s Ga- 2 P e d r o Felis, b . 1754.
llardo a n d his wife. 3 J o s e p h F e r m i n , b . 1757.
Luis Gallardo p r o b a b ly m . 1st. 4 F r a n c i s c o R a f a e l , q. s.
(before his m . to M a r i a A . M a r -
tinez. Florenza F l o r e s : they h a d : IV. Francisco Rafael (4), was in
M a r i a A n t o n i a , b . 1789.
ii M a r i a Manuela. b . 1 7 6 4 ; m . Gre-
miUtary service at the Presidio of
g o r i o Flores Quinones, h i s 3rd Santa Rosa. He m. in San Anto-
wife, son of J o s e p h a n d M a r i a
F l o r e s de la P e n a ; M a r i a M a g -
nio July 28, 1773, Francisca Sisne-
d a l e n a , probably m . 2nd, J u a n ros de Ximenes (Joseph and Ger-
Ramon:
a J o s e p h Gregorio, b . 1774.
trudis Sanches), the witnesses for
b M a r i a L e o n a r d a M a n u e l a Magda - this ceremony being childhood
l e n a , b . 1775.
c. J u a n Joseph, b . 1778. friends, who had known both in
5 B e r n a r d i n a Helena, b . 1 7 4 6 ; m . 1766. San Antonio in their youth. Fran-
Ignacio Ramires (Christoval and cisco and Francisca had:
A n t o n i a A r r e d o n d o ) , a soldier, w h o
came to S a n Antonio in 1763, from 1 M a r i a de J e s u s , m . J u a n " P e r e s C a s a-
Revilla, Mexico. One M a n u e l R a m i r e s n o v a " (Jose a n d Gertrudis de l a Zer-
a n d J u a n a M a r i a Rodriguez h a d a son da):
Joseph F e r m i n , b . in S. A., 1755, who
volunteered for m i l i t a r y service, J u l y i Simon, m . 1842, Miguela Courbiere
11, 1785. ( J u a n A n d r e s a n d J u a n a d e la
6 M a r i a E n c a r n a c i o n , b . 1 7 4 7 ; m . Mateo Garza).
Rodriguez, w h o . a c c o r d i ng to t h e R. 2 J o s e p h A n t o n i o , b . 1774.
I., w a s a S p a n i a r d from Cadiz, a n d a 3 Remigio, q. s.
fisherman: 4 J o s e de J e s u s , b . 1777.
i M a r i a I n e s , m . J o s e F l o r e s (Nico- 5 M a r i a Gracia. b . 1778.
las a n d M a r i a V i l l a p a n d o ) : 6 M a r i a del C a r m e n , b . 1784.
a J u a n a Francisca , b . 1805. 7 M a r i a Josefa. b . 1786.
7 A n t o n i a E m e r e n c i a n a , b . 1750. 8 M a r i a A n t o n i a , b . 1789.
8 M a r i a Concepci6n, conf. 1 7 5 9 ; probably 9 J u a n a G e r t r u d i s de J e s u s , b . 1790.
m. Joseph Antonio de A g r e d a : 10 J o s e A n t o n i o A b a d . b . 1791.
11 J o s e Vicente, b . 1799.
i J o s e p h Nicolas Rosalino, b . 1771. 12 J o s e p h M a n u e l C a t a r i n o . b . 1793.
ii J o s e p h Manuel Gordiano, b . 1778. 13 J u a n A n d r e s , b . 1796; g o d p a r e n t s , J u a n
J o s e p h Guadalupe de A g r e d a , w h o A n d r e s a n d M a r i a Ignaci a Quinones.
m . G e r t r u d i s Ruis, w a s probably
t h e b r o t h e r of J o s e p h A n t o n i o : V. Remigio (3), b. September 2,
t h e y h a d a son J o s e p h Manuel
B r u n o Maximo, b . 1776.
1775; m. 1802, Maria Francisca
251 B . A., 1-1-1763.

iii Sara, m. Ernesto del Valle, of

Rodriguez (Patricio and Ana Ma- Mexico: and had Leola, m. George
ria Fuentes): House; parents of: Leola Patri-
cia, and Patricia.
1 Jose Geronimo, b. 1803; q. s. iv Alma, m. Mr. Brown: two sons,
2 Juan Agustin, b. July 10, 1808; q. s. one of whom was m. and living
3 Mariana, b. June 26, 1809, q. s. in Leal St.
4 Maria del Carmen, m. 1831, Salvador 4 Guadalupe, d.; m. Guadalupe Gonzales
Flores; witnesses: Alejo and Maria Je- (living in San Luis Potosi) ; parents
sus Trevino. of: Alberto, m. Leocadia, Longoria:
5 Maria Guadalupe, b. 1811. large family, living a t 321 San Pedro
6 Francisco Antonio, b. 1813, q. s. Ave.; Miguel, Maria, Anita, and Na-
VI. Jose Geronimo (1), m. Maria talia.
5 Tiburcio, d. from wounds received in
Luisa de Carvajal; he d. 1877: battle, in Confederate army: S. P .
6 Blasa, m. Tomas Martinez:
1 Santiago. i Tomas, m.: P . (San Pedro de las
2 Jose Maria, b. 1825; was shot by an Colonias, Mexico, near Torreon).
Irishman, and d. in consequence of the ii Elvira, m. General Martinez, of
wound. May, 1841. Mexico: daughter.
3 Maria Luisa, b. 1831. iii Estela, m. Plutarco Leal: P . (La-
VI. Juan (2), b. 1808; m. Juana redo).
7 Jesusa, m. Cesario Garcia, of Mier,
Guerra, of Mier, Mexico; their por- Mexico, one of whose sisters, m. Gen.
Naranjo.
traits in oU, are now in posses- i Maria, d.: S. A.
sion of the famUy. They had: 8 Eulogia, m. Idubijes Garcia, brother
of Cesario:
1 Narciso. m. Silvestra Garcia, of Mier, i Juan Manuel, m. P . (Mexico City),
a granddaughter of Juana Guerra: S. P. ii Cesario, m. (Mexico).
2 Florencia, "was bom on February 22, 9 Remigio, m. Carolina Herrera, of San
1838, at Mier, Tamaulipas, Mexico, Antonio:
and d. of pneumonia at Washington, i Carolina, m. Enrique Caseres.
D. C„ on January 4, 1894, after an (Tampico, Mexico): P .
illness of 11 days. She was m. February ii Adelaida, m. a German (dairy
24. 1855, to J . M. Garcia Villareal, near South San San Antonio).
in San Antonio . . living nearly 40 yrs. 10 Juan, q. s.
at t h e i r . . . hospitable and picturesque
French Villa." Florencia and Jose Ma- VII. Juan (10), m. Rosa Trevino
ria had: (Domingo, son of Andres, and Ber-
i Nicolas M., m. Felicita Montalbo
(Eduardo and Juliana Guerra, of nardo Gonzales, daughter of Lo-
Mier); parents of: Jose Maria
Santiago, Concepcion, "Concha",
renzo, of Monterrey), of Guerrero,
Toribio, Florencia, Juliana, and Tamaulipas, Mexico. She was one
O'Campo; all were living in Star
County, Texas. of the best informed regarding
ii Jose M. E., m. Ausencia Mon-
talbo, sister of Felicita ; parents of:
genealogy. Juan and Rosa had:
1 Juan Francisco, b. 1883, S. A.
Flora Cecilia, Stella, Arthur, Rosa 2 Rosa, m. Albert D. Newton (he d.
and Ciola, twins, Concepcion, An* Oct. 4, 1927), son of George and Isa-
gelina, and Josefa. bel Delgado:
iii Florencia. m. a Verasteguie, of i Rosie.
Fresnillo, Zacatecas, Mexico. ii Adeline
iv Benjamin, m. Rosa Pellegrin, of 3 Tiburcio, m. Elisa Estrada:
Laredo; parents of: Jose Maria, i Irena.
m. (California), and Alfredo. ii Florencia.
v Alberto, m. Gertrudis Olivarres; iii Zulema.
(Chihuahua) ; parents of: Alber- iv Margarita.
to, d.: S. A., Natalia, and En- 4 Lorenzo, S. A.
rique.
vi Porfirio P., m. Mercedes Schuch- VI. Mariana (3), daughter of Re-
a r t : (Chihuahua) Porfirio, J r .
(Alamo Heights). migio and Francisca Rodriguez, b.
vii Zulema, a talented musician, who
studied and travelled in Europe,
June 26, 1809; m. 1st, 1825, Rosa-
m. J. J. Olsen (they lived at rio Ramon; m. 2nd, July 18, 1843,
412 Pereida St.) ; parents of: Edward Dwyer (Joseph and Ana
J a n s ; Zulema, m. James Bidwell
(had James) ; Harold; Klaus, m. Power). For the posterity by the
Elsie Strain (had Klaus, Jr., Nor-
man, and Glen) ; Lidia, and Al- 1st m.,*see the Ramon genealogy,
bert. above. Mariana and Edward Dwyer
3 Santos, m. Joaquina Guerra, grand- had:
daughter of Juana Guerra:
i Emilio, m. Dolores Morales, of 1 Anita, m. John Withers, of Petersburgh,
Mexico, Va.:
ii Santos, m. Catherine CuIIenane; i Edward, d. y.
and had: Maria Alicia, m. Alberto ii John, d.: S. A.
Sanchez. iii Josephine, m. October 14, 1891,
John Lapham Bullis; b. Ma. 5 John, m. (Buffalo, N. Y.)

cedon, N . Y„ April 17, 1841; m. 6 Bessie.
1st, Alice Rodriguez. General Bul- The Dwyer family was originally
lis was the son of Abram Rogers from Kilmanagh County, Tipperary;
Bullis and Lydia Porter Lapham. several brothers of Edward and Tom
Josephine Withers and John L. went to Australia. One of the Dwyer
Bullis had three daughters: Octa- family was Lord Mayor of Dublin. The
via, m. William Sumner Teal] family in Europe, traces to the early
Halcomb (Charles Herbert, of Irish kings.
Sheffield, Eng., and Anna Teall,
of Syracure, N . Y . ; parents of: VI. Francisco (6), son of Remigio
William Sumner, b. 1927) ; Lydia Leal and Francisca Rodriguez, b.
and Anita, t w i n s ; S. A.
iv William. 1813; m. Guadalupe de la Garza:
v Robert, d,: S. A. 1 Francisco, q. s.
vi Clement.
vii Anita, m. Robert Reid Russell, VII. Francisco (1), m. 1869, Bar-
of Markinch, Fife, Scotland; pa- bara Sandoval (Carlos and Maria
rents of Madeleine Josephine,
Robert, John Withers, Edward Jesus CariUo):
Chandler (named for Edward B. 1 Jose, m. Maria Marquez:
Chandler), and Arthur Clement. i Ortensia, d- y.
2 Joe, q. s. ii Josefina.
3 Maria, d. y. 2 Francisco, m. Elvira Garcia (Basilic
4 Tom, d. y. and Teodora de la Garza of Browns-
VH, Joe (2), m. Anette Magoffin, ville) :
i Francisco Tomas.
of El Paso, whose fanuly were ii Maria Alicia.
3 Guadalupe, m. Emilio Villareal, of
from Kentucky, and descendants Mexico City.
of one of the governors there. 4 Trinidad, m. Fernando de la Garza,
of Mexico:
1 Edward, Judge, m. Marie Dalcour, of i Margarita,
Baltimore, originally from Cuba: ii Fernando, J r .
i Joe. I. Juan Leal Goraz, m. 2nd, Ma-
ii Ed
iii Dalcour, m. Edna Wright; and ria MeUan, widow of Lucas Delga-
had: Marie, Mark, and Joe (who
formerly lived in Dwyer Ave.). do, and they had:252
2 Anette, m. George Schmidt: 1 Figenia. b. 1735 ;352 m. 1754, Joaquin
i Anette, m. Hiram Phillips; hod: de la Garza.:
Jack, and Nash, i Martin, conf 1759, a t the same
ii Elsie, m. Carl E. Henion, U . S. time his mother was confirmed.
A . ; h a d : Jack and Carl, Juan Leal (?), m. Magdalena Flo-
iii Gertrudis.
iv Eleonore, m. Hugh Gaffey, U . S. res:
A.
3 Joe, m. Constance Marucheau: 1 Juan Nepomuceno.
i Joe. 2 Gracia, conf. 1759; m. 1756, Pedro
ii Charles. Menchaca (Francisco and Antonia de
iii Constance (New Orleans). Urrutia).
4 Sam. m. Miss Schmeltzer: 3 Joseph Antonio.
i Sam. 4 Matheo.
ii Pat. Joaquin Leal Goraz, b. in San
iii Jim.
5 Jim, m. 1st. wid. in El Paso: 3 SQUS Antonio, 1746, was not confirmed
and 1 daughter; m. 2nd, Miss H a l l :
two sons: and m. 3rd.
here in 1759. No record of his pa-
6 P a t . m. a Miss Schmeltzer. rents has been found, though he
7 Gertrude, m. Tom Leighton: 2 sons was very evidently of the Canary
and 2 daughters.
Island family. He received a grant
Thomas Dwyer, brother of Ed- in 1778. He d. a natural death in
ward, the first in San Antonio, m. the country, and was buried Jan.
m. Anne Crocker: 25, 1819. He m. Ana Maria de Aro-
1 Joe, m. Anne Inkin (Castroville):
i Inez, m. Hal. Christy (El P a s o ) :
cha, b. in San Antonio, 1756:
adopted a daughter, Joan, 1 Jose Antonio Ponciano, q. s.
ii John, m. (El Paso). 2 Joseph Francisco, b. 1772.
2 Tom, m . : P . (El Paso). 3 Maria Ignacia Polonia, b. 1774; m.
3 Anna, m. Nicholas Nolan, U. S. A . : 1797, Juan Antonio de Urrutia, (Fran-
daughter. cisco and Gertrudis Valdes).
4 Mollie. m. Charles Nordstrom, U. S. A . : 4 Joseph Julian Fernando, b. 1775.
i Marie, on the stage, 5 Joseph Rafael, b. 1777.
ii Frances Marie. 6 Maria Faustina del Pilar, b. 1778.
252 B. A„ No. 63.

7 Joseph Miguel, b. 1781.

8 Maria Josefa, b. 1782, m. Manuel
(wUl, Atascosa County); by his
Monjaras. 1st wife he had Jose Maria and
9 Maria Antonia, b. 1784.
10 Juana Maria, b. 1785. Guadalupe; by Manuela Farias,
11 Jose Simon Baltazar. b.
12 Jose Simon Lorenzo, b.
1787.
1788.
his 2nd wife, he had Juan, "Vicen-
13 Jose Antonio Albino, b. 1790, q. s. te, Lorenzo, CeciUa, Maria, Teresa
14 Juana Isidora. b. 1792. and SoUa.
15 Consolacion, b. 1795.
16 Jose Maria, b. 1797. One Antonio Leal, b. in San
IV. Jose Antonio Ponciano' (1), b. Antonio, 1745, m. Gertrudis de los
1771, Uved for a time at the VUla Santos; they had a daughter, b.
de La Santisima Trinidad de Sal- 1791, according to the R. I., No. 85.
cedo; m. June 20, 1803, Maria Jos-
sefa Ximenes (Jose and Maria CURBELO
Perfecta de Luna), b. 1783; m. 2nd,
1812? Maria Antonia Casanova I. Juan Curbelo, son of Domin-
(Juan Antonio and Maria Jose- go Curbelo and Maria Martin En-
ra de la Garza). By his 1st wife riquez, b. 1680, Lancerote; "taU,
he had: broad-shouldered, fuU-faced, fair
1 Cresencio, m. Dolores Arsiniega: complexion, grey beard, and hair,
i Juan Nepomuceno Desiderio, b.
1832. light grey eyes, black eyebrows,
ii Ramona, m. Maximo Peres,
iii Maria Paula, b. 1834; m. Policar-
rather bald, sharp nose." He was
pio Sais. appointed second regidor of San
2 Maria Josefa. b. 1806; probably m. Fernando de Bexar. On May 31,
(1824) Joseph Manuel Monjaras, Cabo
de Escuadra of the Cavalry, who m.
1st, 1811, Josefa Salinas (Francisco
1736 he was granted land of So-
Jose, the Alferez, and Margila Chiri- ledad St., for the purpose of rais-
no) ; he was the son of Juan Monja- ing com and beans, the govem-
ras, of the San Jose Mission (d. 179:3)
and Manuela Xaviera Flores (d. 1792). ment to receive one fifth of the
A daughter Manuela, sister to Jose
Manuela, m. 1789, J u a n Jose Calde- crop. Note that this Street was
ron, Drum Major "Tambor" of the
Presidio of Bexar, son of Pedro and
already caUed Soledad at this
Maria de Ochoa. By his 1st wife, Jo- time, 1736. On January 7, 1746,
se Manuel Monjaras h a d : Maria Tri- Christoval de los Santos Coy re-
nidad, b. 1812, Jose Jesus, b. 1815, and
Jose Gabriel, b. 1820; by his 2nd wife,
Maria Josefa Leal:
ceived a grant situated at the
i Maria Concepcion, b. 1825. southwest comer of what are now
3 Petra. b. 1812; m. Jose M. Vidal. Commerce and Uturri Streets.
IV. Jose Antonio (?13), m. Maria The boundaries were, east, on the
Antonia Casanova: south side of Commerce St., the
1 Jose Manuel de Jesus, b. December 27, house of Juan Banul, with a
1812; m. January 15, 1833, Casimira
Casias (Rafael and Micaela Sosa). The street between; to the west, Ma-
first record of the "Casillas" family is
that of Rafael, who by his wife Mi- riano Granado, and the Royal
guela de Sosa, had a son Manuel, b.
" c a " 1805, and probably brother of
House; to the north, the river,
Casimira, above; he m. 1843. Maria with a street going from the pla-
Ruiz (Antonio). Romano Casillas and za by the house of Juan Curbelo,
Isabel Cadena had a son Jose Irenio,
b. 1822. No record appears of the re-
lation of this family with the Casillas
between; to the south, the road
of the 1850s. Carlos Casillas and his or street going to the mission of
wife were at Espada Mission in 1803; San Antonio de Valero.
as were Felipe and his wife.
Manuel Leal m. March 10, 1859, Juan Curbelo m. Garcia Perdo-
Maria Luz Hernandez. Family mo y Umpienes [Garcia Prud-
tradition states that he was the homme y Umpierre], daughter of
son of Jose Maria Leal and his Marcos, and Maria Cabrera, b.
wife Maria S. Ruiz, and brother 1684, Lancerote; "medium height,
of Paula. Manuel Leal d. 1901 large face, dark complexion, black
eyes, aquiline nose, black hair boundaries were noted: a jacal on

and eyebrows." Spanish geneal- the river, in the part caUed la
ogists tell us that Maciot de Quinta, with a jacal of Polonia
Benthencourt, nephew and heir Tapia to the north; Francisco
of Jean de Bethencourt, king of Chaves to the south; Calle de los
the Canary Islands, had a daugh- Curbelos to the west; and the
ter Leonor Margarita, who mar- river to the east.
ried Juan Arriete Perdomo, Con- Joseph Curbelo m. Rafaela de
quistador, and Sieur of the Pass la Garza; she m. 2nd, Francisco
of Arriete, in Normandy; and Flores de Abrego, according to the
their son Maciot Perdomo de Bexar Archives. They had:
Bethencourt married the Infanta 1 Joseph Antonio Rafael, q. s.
2 Manuela Polonia. m. Prudencio Rodri-
of the Canaries, Doha Luisa Gua- guez (Antonio).
narteme. They had descendants 3 Fermin Buenaventura de la Trinidad,
b. 1756; d. 1758.
who went to Portugal and to Am- m . Jose Antonio (1), b. 1746;
erica. Juan Curbelo and Garcia con. 1759. He received his com-
had: mission in the army through very
1 Joseph, q. s.
2 Maria Ana, b. "ca" 1712, Lancerote; m.
unusual circumstances. Govemor
Vicente Alvarez Travieso. Domingo CabeUo, took it upon
3 Juana, b. 1716, Lancerote; d 1758; m. himself to ingratitate himself with
Francisco de Arocha.
4 Maria, b. 1717, Lancerote; m. 1st, the king, by sending to Spain, to
Joseph Bueno de Rojas; and m. 2nd,
Christoval de los Santos Coy; she d. H. M., a coUection of buffalo
1803, the last of the original Canary skins from the Lipan Indians, as
Islanders; she was called "tia Canaria,"
says Rodriguez in his "Memoirs." well as two Uve buffalo bulls and
5 Juan Francisco, b. 1721, Palma; "fair
complexion, round face, light grey eyes,
four buffalo cows. Jose Antonio
chesnut eyebrows and hair, thick eye- Curbelo was dispatched with two
lids." boys, Francisco Pacheco and Lo-
H. Joseph (1), received a grant renzo Renie, to conduct this de-
in 1761, on the east side of pre- licate negotiation. Of the six
sent Dwyer Avenue (located op- buffalos in question, only two, a
posite the Court House, and north cow and a buU, arrived in Spain
of the Groesbeeck property). Ma- aUve. This attention proved such
ria Nieves Curbelo stUl occupied a a satisfactory surprise to H. M.
portion of this origmal grant in that he arranged for the compen-
1847, when Ralph WilUam Pea- sation of those who had so suc-
cock (John Bowen), purchased cessfuUy carried out their diffi-
his homestead, which was also cult instmctions. In consequence,
originaUy buUt by the Curbelo Don Joseph Antonio Curbelo was
famUy, and which became known given an appointment in the
as the Quinta, or later, the first army, with the rank of active
Anglo-American post office in lieutenant and with the salary of
San Antonio. This street (Dwyer a regular Ueutenant, and assign-
Ave.), was originaUy caUed Calle ed for service, to the company of
de los Curbelos, and was the Con- the presidio of San Antonio. He
tinuation north of the plaza; i. e., was also aUowed ten thousand
to Soledad St. As late as 1820 it reales in Cadiz, for his voyage
was stiU caUed Calle de los Cur- back to Veracruz; with an addi-
belos. In the instrument of pos- tional allowance of 300 pesos in
session, from Manuel Perez to Mexico, to cover the land voyage
Juan Hernandez, the following from there to San Antonio. Out
of the same consideration, H, M. Mother Lewis, dau. of PeUciano

provided for the boys who accom- and Luisa Arocha):
panied Curbelo, allowing each of 1 Damiana Catarina, b. 1766.
2 Maria Gertrudis, b. 1769; m. Juan Ma-
them seven reales per day for nuel Enriquez:
subsistence, with an additional i Juana Gertrudis.
3 Juan Joseph Vicente, q .s.
sum of two thousand reales, to 4 Maria Teresa, b. 1774; m. Sargt. Ma-
each for the voyage. After their nuel Peres: 257.
i Juan Francisco, m. 1811, Maria
retum to San Antonio, each was Refugia Trevino (Fran, and Ma.
granted a pension of three reales. Josefa de la Garza).
5 Maria Nieves, b. 1777; m, Juan Jose
This was Royal gratitude in- Calderon (Pedro and Ochoa), cabo.,
deed.253 whose posterity, according to Mother
Lewis, are as follows:
i Antonio.
On April 30, 1784, Jose Antonio ii Jose de Jesus, b. 1800, m. Carmen
Curbelo was stiU in Mexico City, Menchaca; parents of Ma. de J e -
sus, m. Joaquin Acebo; and Ma.
from which place he wrote, that Luz, m. Alfonso Mucharraz.
he could not return to San Anto- iii Juan Francisco, b. 1804, m. Jua-
na Arambula; parents of 2 ch.:
nio at once, on account of the (a) Juan Jose, m. Filomena Cer-
vantes (Agapito and Ma. Luisa
unusual drought, which the nec- Roc ha) ; and had three ch.: Manue-
essary animals for the voyage la, m. A. A. Stowe: Riley, James,
and Ernest; J u a n Jose, m. Anita
could not endure. Moran: Juan, J r . (m. Hortensia
Ondaza) and Lucile (m. Gregorio
In virtue of superior orders, Gomez: Gloria Lou. Robt. and Pe-
Curbelo was attached to the com- ter) and Eliseo, m . : P . ; (b) Gua-
dalupe, m. Salomon Casias.
pany at San Antonio as Lieuten- iv Gertrudis, b. 1806, m. Manuel de
ant Vibo, December 1, 1786. Ios Santos; parents of Jose de J e -
sus, Francisco Arcadio, and Bri-
In consequence of these events, gida.
the governor in San Antonio, was v Guadalupe, b. 1808, m. Antonio
de los Santos Coy; parents of Ma.
informed that H. M. had duly ex- Luz, m. March 1, 1852, Joseph
L. Morin (Jose Luis, of La.) and
pressed his gratitude for this had: 6 ch.: Antonia Magdalena.
touching attention. He was in- "Mother Lewis," Ursuline Acade-
my ; Teresa; Gertrudis, m. Mel-
structed, however, that in spite of chor Santos Coy; Adela, (m. Joa-
the great pleasure which H. M. quin Rodriguez: Arturo and Joa-
quin) ; Edward and Guadalupe;
had experienced, he would in the Thomas, m. Margaret Hupmann:
Joseph George. Louis, Teresa and
future, refrain from sending any Mary (m. Agapito Martinez: Lu-
animals abroad, and not even a cille and Rita) ; Joseph, m. Ma-
ria Guerrero: Anthony, Erasmo,
burro, unless specifically instruct- Joseph and Magdalena; and Ed-
ed to do so.254 ward .
In January of 1780, Don Joseph IV. Juan Jose (3), b. 1771; he

Antonio Curbelo was Lieutenant acted as Indian Agent in very
Govemor of the province, in San precarious times, when the Texas
Femando.255 settlements were unarmed, and
He was kUled along with five exposed to Indian hostihties, with
other citizens of San Antonio, by every suggestion of American ag-
the Lipans.256 gression; in 1800 he gave the
Joseph Antonio Rafael m. Rita customary presents to the Co-
Flores (Francisco and ? Rafaela manches, Tahuayazes and Tahua-
de la Garza, or, according to cano Indians.258 The coast tribes
253
B. A., transmitting Royal Order, Aranjuez, May 22, 1784.
254
B. A., June 14, 1785, No. 84; and "Respon. con el No. 842," March 17, 1784.
255
B. A., January 11, 1720.
256
B. A., September 6. 1789.
257
See B. A., 12-7-1792, "Diligencias," vs. Ignacio Flores, No. 94; and Sp. Ar., C-l, 147,
deed.
258 B. A., 1800, Lists of presents, March 12, 21, April 3, and 16.
were also causing trouble. The thy old Creole Navarro and left
Karankawans deserted the mis- many worthy descendants in
sion; and Francisco de Urrutia Texas." Several members of the
was murdered. He m. Teresa de Tobin famUy, probably of this
Amador (Vicente and Manuela branch, Uve in Austin, Texas.
Banul): Agnes Lartigue was the daughter
1 Jose Antonio Saturnino, b. 1791; q. s.
2 Jose Agustin, b. 1794; m. Maria Ger-
of Girard, b. Bordeaux, 1766, by
trudis de Arocha (Ignacio and Jose- his 2nd wife, Anne Grace (Capt.
fa Salinas:
i Jose Tomas, b . 1813. Wm. of Va.). Girard Lartigue
3 Jose Antonio Jesus, b. 1796.
4 Juan a Gertrudis Rita Luisa, b. 1797.
emigrated to Santo Domingo.
5 Juan Manuel, b. 1799. During the uprising of ca 1796, he
6 Maria Beatrice, b. 1801. fled to America, Uved in Augusta,
7 Jose Remigio del Sacramento, bapt.
1802. Ga., and estabUshed a Une of
8 Maria de Jesus, b. 1805.
stages between Augusta and
V. Jose Antonio (1), b. 1791; m. Charleston. Josefa and WUliam
1811, Josefa Delgado (Clemente had:
and Maria Gertrudis Saucedo):
1 Zeliene, Jb. 1855; m. John A. Frazer:
accordmg to her wUl, dated 1848, i John A., Jr., m. Ethel Reese.
she was Uving in the VUlita. Jose ii Clara, m. Frank Lewis.
iii Zeliene, m. Max Graham.
and Josefa had: iv Girard, m. Ruth Shaw.
1 Jose Prudencio, b. 1812. v Alexander, m. Agnes Clamp.
2 Manuela. vi Douglas, m. Jessie.
3 Maria de Jesus, b. 1813; q. s. 2 Annie Cornelius, b. 1857; d. 1926; m.
A. W. Burroughs:
VI. Maria de Jesus (3), m. 1st, i William Girard, d.
John W. Smith; and m. 2nd, ii John Tobin.
iii Agnes Lartigue, m. Ed. Thomp-
James B. Lee, who, according to the son.
3 Mary Ellen, b. 1860; d. 1917; m. Jamea
San Fernando church records, was M. Vance:
a Protestant. By the 1st, m.: i Mary, m. A. B. Spencer: 4 ch.
ii Josephine, m. A. W. West: 3 ch.
1 Santiago Mateo, b . 1840; m. 2nd, Ma- iii Zeliene, m. Frank Gillespie: 3 ch.
tilda Goodwin: 4 Agnes Lartigue, b. 1861; m. Sam C
i Roberta, m. John H u n t ; and h a d : Bell:
John, Bessie, and Grace. i Agnes Lartigue, m. Marshall Ter-
2 Josefa Agusta, m. Captain William rell (son of J. O. Terrell) ; they
Girard Tobin; q. s. had: Agnes, q. s., Mary, Elizabeth
3 Lucinda, m. Henry Newton; q. s. (m. Felix McKnight), and Annie.
4 Susan, m. John Campbell; q. s. Agnes Terrell m. William Clegg.
VH. Josefa Agusta, (2), m. Capt. son of Luther B. Clegg and
Laura Smith (of N. C.) : Wm.
Wm. Girard Tobin. The Tobin Carney Jr., Agnes Terrell, and
famUy records state that Jose- Marshall Terrel.
ii Jessie, m. Arthur Mathis.
phine Smith Tobin was b. October iii Ellen, m. Sam Newton.
iv Annie, m. Albert Steves, J r .
30, 1836. WiUiam Girard Tobin, v Sam C , drowned, J u l / , 1890, aged
according to the same records, 13 yrs.
vi Elizabeth, d.
b. May 21, 1833, d. July, 1883, was vii Dorothy.
the son of Daniel Tobin and viii Joe.
5 Ella Bell, b. 1863; d. 1918; m. James
Agnes Lartigue. Daniel was son M. Carr:
i Ella, m. 1st. Warren Colvert: 2
of Comehus and Judith. Corne- ch. m. 2nd Raymond Barnes.: 2
lius was native of Ireland, b. ca ch.
ii Josephine, m. Scott Schreiner: 1
1730, d. 1826, emigrated from KU- ch.
kenney County, to BamweU iii Lucy. m. Charles Armstrong: _ ch.
6 WHilam Girard, q. s.
County, South CaroUna, where he 7 John Wallace, sheriff, Bexar County
(biography in "Men of Affairs"); m.
settled, between the years 1785 Minnie Thorton (James Simpson and
and 1790. WUliam Tobin had a Eate Foster) :
i Katherine, d. y.
brother, Daniel, in Texas, who 8 Josephine, m. William Pemberton Rote:
"married the daughter of a weal- i William P., Jr., m. Augusta
Tschirt: P .
ii Tobin, officer in the United States the first church of Milford, Conn., 1660-
Army; attache at the Embassy in June 7, 1683, the date of his death. In
Peking; m. Anne Burns. his will, dated March 1683, he mentioned
iii John, m. Emma Bell Owens: P. 8 ch. The probate records disclose that
iv Cynthia Pemberton, m. William he left an estate surpassed in value by few
Campbell (Neil and...) in those days. His library was remarkable.
9 Charles Milton, named for Col. C. M. It consister of more than 200 volumes,
Terrel, father of Dr. Frederick Ter- and in an age, be it remembered, when a
rell ; m. Olivia Prescott (Aransas bible and Catechism were an ordinary lib-
and A n n a ) : rary, and a score more of books, a clergy-
i Olivia, m. twice, man's library.
ii Agnes, m. Dorance Day, officer Capt. Samuel Newton, Rev. Roger's old-
in U. S. N . : P. est son, was b. Oct. 20, 1646 ; d. 1708; m.
10 Lucy Elizabeth, m. James Simpson Martha Fenn, March 14, 1669, dau. of
Thornton (James Thomas and Mary Benjamin, assistant governor of the col-
Simpson).: ony of Conn. (Reg., Conn. So, Col. Dames,
i Woodford, m. Virginia Silsbee: 1 238). He served in King Philip's War and
ch. in various Indian skirmishes. He repre-
ii William Tobin, m. Lydie Black- sented Milford in the General Court, 15
man. sessions, between 1691-1703.
iii Lucita, d. y. Samuel, son of Samuel and Martha Fenn,
VIII. William Girard (6), m. b. 1677, d. 1728, m. Phebe Platt, Nov.
29, 1705, dau. of Lt. Joseph, and his wife
Ethel Murphy: Mary Kellogg. Their son:
1 William Girard, d. y. Samue:, b. 1710, d. 1769: m. Debora
2 Edgar, q. s. Baldwin, dau. of Thomas of Milford, Conn,
3 Ethel, m. Lowell Riley, officer in the U. and Jerusha Clark; their son:
U. A. Lt. Samuel, b. Woodbridge, Conn., 1737,
4 Jane, d. y. d. Dec. 31, 1814; m. Mary Camp, dau.
5 Josephine, m. Mr. Shaw. of Nathaniel and Martha; Lt. Samuel was
IX. Edgar (2), m. 1st, Catherine an officer of the Conn, line in the Revolu-
tionary War, and was mustered out of ser-
Harrison, by whom he had Cath- vice while on duty in New York, at the
close of the war ("Conn. Men in the Rev.,
eine; and m. 2nd, Margaret Batts, 501; and Lineage Bk., IV, 288"). Their
by whom he had: son:
1 Robert Lynn Batts, named for his Capt. Samuel Newton, b. Feb. 2, 1765,
mother's father of Austin.259 d. Feb. 22, 1818; m. Lucy Smith, dau. of
David and Hulda Beecher; their son:
NEWTON Rev. Samuel, b. June 1, 1792, in Wood-
bridge, Conn.; d. May 28. 1865, in San
The Rev. Roger Newton, native of Eng- Antonio, Texas. He m. three times: 1st,
land, matriculated in King's College, Cam- Betsey Baldwin; 2nd, Mary Hunt Mc-
bridge University, England, Easter, 1636, Carty: 3rd. Mrs. Sophia M. Joslyn, Rev.
and emigrated to New England, landing Samuel Newton was appointed missionary
in Boston "ca" 1638. He is mentioned by to the Osage Indians. He left Woodbridge,
Cotton Mather as one of the young stu- Conn, to join the mission family in New
dents who came from England to finish York, Feb. 19, 1821. While journeying to
their education in America. Roger New- Missouri, his wife d. a t Shawneetown, 111.
ton was apparently the first of his family He m. 2nd, June 3, 1822, at Harmony, Mo,.
and name in America. By some he is Osage Nation. His 2nd wife d. at Fork's
said to be the son of Samuel Newton, III., Cherokee Nation.
of the same family as Sir Isaac Newton, The R e v . S a m u e l Newton
whose tomb is in Westminster Abbey. In
1640 he was in the senior class at Har- brought his family to San Anto-
vard College, although he is not mentioned nio, Texas in 1848. Family tradi-
in the list of graduates . Some of the early
Harvard records were accidentally burn- tion says that when he arrived
ed, so it is not certain that he ever re-
ceived a diploma there. here, there was but one house
He made the acquaintance of Rev. with a shingle roof, and but one
Thomas Hooker, of Hartford, Conn., and,
attracted by his powerful preaching and with a board floor. Most of the
personality, came to Hartford to become
a student in his family. There he met
houses were built of adobe, and
Mary Hooker, who he m. at Hartford, were only one story high. The
Conn., in 1645. Rev. Thomas Hooker was Rev. Samuel Newton started a
one of the recognized historic founders of
the Colony of Connecticut; was ordained
pastor. First Church of Hartford, Oct.
private school; and, according to
11, 1633; served as minister there, 1636- the family records, he was the
1647 (Register, Conn. So. Colonial Dames first Protestant (Presbyterian)
of Am., 253). The Rev. Roger Newton
was one of the seven founders and was minister to permanently settle
the first pastor of the church in Farming-
ton, Conn., 1645-1657. He was pastor of and reside in San Antonio. He
259 The writer is obliged to Mrs. Thornton and to Mrs. A. B. Spencer for the data in
the Tobin lineage.
•.si/uz.tc'ayeye<4cfj ?y/}i c//t'•*/neer U u c X t e / y
was one of the founders of the 4-29-1920; m. Alfred M. Patter-

son, by whom: Bessie.
First Presbyterian Church here. iv Henry Lee, b. 1-15-1868; m. Gen-
I. Samuel Newton, m. 1st, Betsey ary Gertrude Collins; by whom:
Mabel Dewella, m . ; and Henry
Balwin, dau. of Silas and Mary, of IJ6*£ Jr _y_
Milford, Conn; they had 2 ch: v Clara Sibert, b. 9-7-1869; m. Wal-

ter Scott Whitworth: S. P .
1 Malvina Ruth, b. 1-7-1815. vi Francis Richards, b. 1-4-1871; m.
2 Charles Gordon, b. 9-25-1816; d. 1-9- Carrie Thomason Boyle, b. 9-28-
1872, in Dallas, Texas; m. in Conn., 1882, a t "Rosedale," Brenham,
8-13-1837, Mary Hanford Bristol, b. Texas; dau. of William Minter
11-12-1818, d. at Austin, Texas, 3-5-1852. Boyle, of Tuscaloosa, Ala., and
They had 11 ch., raised in Dallas. Brenham, Tex., and Annie Evelyn
Watson. Grad. of the Univ. of
Samuel Newton, m. 2nd, 1822, Tex., 1897, L. L. B., County Clerk,
Mary Hunt McCarty, wid. of the Bexar Co., for 18 years. Mason:
Royal Order of Scotland. They
Rev. John M. Seeley, of DanviUe, had 6 ch.: Evelyn, b. 7-28-1901;
N. J.; dau. of Francis McCarty, Jr. m. 9-20-1924, Lt. Alfred Louis
Johnson: Patricia and Evelyn^
and Anne VanDevoort, of Rock- (Capt.) Francis Richards, Jr., b.
1-5-1903; to whom the writer is
away, N. J. They had: grateful for assistance in compil-
ing this account; Lawrence Boyle,
1 Samuel Galitzen, b. 3-21-1823; d. 6* b. 10-20-1905; Carrie, b. 10-27-1909
21-1874; m. Mary E. Tompkins: m. William Clark Turner : Car-
i Mary Elizabeth, m. J. Fred Witte. rie Newton, b. 3-8-1935; Dorothy,
ii Samuel G., Jr., m. 1st, Bettie D. b. 5-27-1911; d. 5-27-1912; and
Halcomb; parents of Samuel G. Arthur, b. 5-27-1913.
(m. Ellen Bell: Ellen, Samuel G., vii Joseph Samuel, b. 1-28-1873; m.
Bess and Jess) ; Wallace Halcomb Tillie Steinle. Commissioner, Bexar
(m. Nana Davenport: Wallace H-, Co.; by whom: Clarinda Elizabeth,
Jr., and Harris) ; Camilla (m. and Julia Elizabeth.
Clinton Padgitt) ; and Jesse. viii Charles Mayre, b. 10-2-1874; d.
iii Sarah, m. William W. Bogel; pa- 2-20-1907: S. A.
rents of Jessie, Augustus Julius, ix Bessie, b. 1-11-1876; m. Rev. Her-
Julian Woodworth, Galitzen New- bert Swain Springall; by whom:
ton, Edward Lindsey, and Amos Francis, and Arthur Jones.
Graves. x Julia, b. 8-10-1877; m. Larkin F .
iv Jessie, m. Samuel M. Gaines; pa- Price ; by whom: Helena, m . ;
rents of Samuel Newton, and Charles Gordon; and Julia New-
Sarah. ton.
v Charlotte, m. William Cassin; pa- xi Edith, b. 11-29-1879; m. Charles
rents of: Mary Elizabeth (m. Ter- Horatio Jackson; by whom: Clar-
rell Bartlett: P.) ; Edward Willet inda, m . ; Newton Walter, m.
(m. Starrow Devine Smth: P . ) ; Dorothy Ogden; and Charles Hor-
and Stanley (m. Caroline Gres- atio, J r .
ham: P.). 4 Mary Dwight, b. 1-11-1829; d. 10-29-
vi Lala, m. Price Cross. 1862; m. Winslow John Trowbridge:
vii Ora ,m. John L. Hodges. i Mary L., b. 5-6-1857. in Barba-
viii Tompkins Jones, m. Alma Spen- does. W. I . ; m. 7-1-1874, William
cer; parents of Charlotte (m. K. Townsend, at New Haven, Coo.
Lawrence Sheppard) ; Tompkins 5 Sarah Elizabeth, b. Sept. 1830; d.
Jones, J r . ; and Mary. 6-13-1835.
2 Ann Olivia, m. J. H. Johnson: 6 Lucy Jane, b. 11-26-1832; d. 6-2-1892;
i Eugene, m. F. William Sibert, brother of Clar-
ii Kent, inda, above:
iii Alma, i Janet, b. 2-19-1869; m. 1st, Tho-
iv Sidney. mas O. Murphy; m. 2nd, Dr.
v Arthur, Theodore F . Boyd. S. P.
vi Harvey. ii William Francis, b. 2-21-1871; m.
3 Captain Francis McCarty, b. 3-11-1827, Blanche Johnston; by whom:
in Harmony, Mo.; d- 4-1-1902, San Ora. Ross, m . ; Maye, m . ; and
Antonio; m. Clarinda Minerva Sibert, Flossie.
b. 7-10-1838, New Market. Shenandaoh 7 Henry Martin, b. 12-22-1834; d. 1-31-
Co., Va.; d. March 1926, San Anto- 1918; m. Lucinda E. Smith, 6-26-1867,
nio ; dau. of Joseph R. and Elizabeth above:
Marye, of Shenandaoh, Co., Va. Capt. i Ida, b. 4-24-1868; m. Herbert T.
in Confederate Army. Tax Collector, Herndon, 1-4-1893; by whom: Ar-
Bexar Co.; and County lerk. They had line, b. 2-27-1894; Ida Elizabeth,
11 ch: b. 1-24-1896; Henry Newton, b.
i Ann Elizabeth, b. 17-26-1861; d. 11-11-1898; Herbert Templeman,
10-12-1901; m. Charles Carroll J r . b. 3-8-1902, and John Cleve-
Johnson, land, b. 11-15-1905.
ii Mary Frances, b. 9-10-1864; d. 5- ii Samuel Henry, b. 10-25-1870; m.
2-199; m. Thomas Oscar Murphy, Ora Thomas: Ora.
by whom: Kate, m. Maj. Everett iii John Martin, b. 1-6-1877; m. Nan-
Hughes; and Daniel Newton, m. nie Young, by whom: Margaret
iii Virginia Ellen, b. 5-11-1866; d. Bell, Grace, and John Martin, J r .
iv Lucy Josephine, b. 7-30-1879. i Juan Manuel.

v Jessie George, b. 11-5-1886; m. 3 Joseph Damacio.
Frances Yancey, June 1918. 4 Maria Josefa, b. 1775.
Samuel Newton, m. 3rd, Sophia 5 Joseph Manuel, b. 1776.
6 Maria Paula, b. 1783: m. Jose Mon-
M. Joslyn, wid., b. 3-2-1811; they tes:
i Maria Juana, m. 1832, Justo Tra-
had: vieso (Vicente ind Maria Luisa
1 John H., b. J a n . 1835; m. Margaret Luna).
Bell: S. P . 7 Maria Magdalena, b. 1786.
2 Julia, b. 1840; m. George B. Cochran,
of Alexandria, Va. By the 2nd m. (with Josefa de
DE LOS SANTOS Estrada):
1 Fernando, m .1824. Maria Juliana Xi-
I. Antonio Santos, son of Simon menes (Jose Antonio and Regina Pe-
and Anna Rodriguez, b. 1680, res), from the presidio of the Rio
Grande:
Lancerote; "m e d i u m height, i Jose de Jesus, b. 1833.
broad-shouldered, r o u n d face, 2 Maria Gertrudis, m. Ponciano Murioz:
i Jose de Jesus, b. 1820.
dark complexion, large nose, black ii Rosa, m. 1847, Bartolo Rodriguez
eyes, thin beard, black beard and (Estevan and Jacinta Flores).
iii Jose Antonio Sinforoso, and
hair, rather grey and curled, black iv Maria Agustina, twins, b. 1823.
v Jose Francisco, b. 1825.
eyebrows." His original grant, as vi Nestor, b. 1828.
head of the third famUy, was vii Maria Rosa, b. 1829; m. Cayeta-
no Castillo.260
located between the two Plazas, viii Jose Antonio, b. 1832.
south of the church, and south of ix Maria Paula, b. 1835.
the Cabreras. He was appomted m . Francisco (2), b. 1747; m. Jo-
3rd regidor of San Fernando. sefa de Ramona:
1 Francisco, b. 1772.
Antonio Santos m. Isabel Rodi- 2 Maria Luisa, b. 1776.
3 Maria Antonia, b. 1778.
guez, daughter of Domingo de Other records mention Francis-
Bega and Leonor Rodriguez, b. co de los Santos (?Coy), m. Maria
1696, Lancerote; she d. 1756; "taU, Refugia Ramon; they had P. b.
fair complexion, thin nose, round 1771-89; of whom Maria Josefa, b.
face, Ught grey eyes, black eye- 1771, m. ? F. A. Rivas; Juan An-
brows and hair." They had: tonio, b. 1783, m. 1822, Maria Her-
1 Miguel, b. "ca" 1713, Lancerote; q. s.
2 Ana, b. 1715; m. Joseph Leal. nandez (Ignacio and Maria Anto-
3 Catarina, b. 1718; m. Francisco Delga- nia Muhoz); and Elogia, b. 1785,
do (Lucas and Mariana Meleano).
4 Maria, b. 1723; m. (?) Jose Peres. m. 1805, Fernando Carillo (Juan
5 Josefa, b, 1728; m. Juan Galvan.
II. Miguel, (1), m. 1744, Juana Antonio and Juana Sanchez), a
Maria Francisca Bietosia Galvan soldier.
(Juan and Francisca Xaviera The Census of 1793 states that
Maldonado): Francisco Santos, b. 1753, m. An-
1 George Antonio Nepomuceno, q. s.
tonia Granado, b. 1771, and that
2 Francisco, q. s. they were the parents of a son b.
3 Josefa, b. 1750.
4 son, d. y. 1789.
5
6
Judas Tadeo, b. 1753.
Jose Ignacio, b. 1764, San Antonio;
PADRON
volunteered for military service, Sep- I. Joseph Padron, no record of
tember 16, 1785, according to the Be- parentage, b. ca 1708, Palma. On
xar Archives.
HI. George Antonio, (1), b. 1745; June 25, 1733, he preferred a
m. 1st, Bernada Peres; and m. criminal complaint before the 1st
2nd, 1787, Josefa de Estrada (Ig- alcalde, Antonio de los Santos,
nacio and Antonia de Castro). against Juan Leal Goras for hav-
By the 1st m.: ing plowed over into complain-
1 Joseph Miguel, b. 1772, d. y. ant's corn, after having been ord-
2 Joseph Miguel, b. 1773; probably m. ered not to by certam inspectors
Marina Flores:
260 See Sp. Ar„ U-2, 262.
who had been sent out by the Goras (Dolorosa St.), and east by
govemor. After an examination uncultivated lands. They sold this
of witnesses. Leal was found guU- grant to Antonio Ximenes, vecino
ty and placed in jaU. He twice agregado, of the ViUa de San
broke prison and was fined 25 Fernando, October 22, 1745. On
pesos on each occasion. He then October 17,1740, they sold two of
appealed to the governor. On their original irrigated suertes to
March 4, 1734, aU concerned ap- Geronimo Flores; they were locat-
peared before the governor and ed in the Potrero, between the
compromised the case.26i Joseph river and the creek; one was
Padron m. Maria Francisca Sana- bounded north by the lands of
bria (Luis and Francisca Lagar- Manuel de Niz; south, Martin Lo-
da), b. 1710, Lancerote; slender, renzo; east, the river; and west,
fair complexion. They had: the creek; the other, west, the
1 Maria Rosa, whose baptism was the creek; south, Joseph Cabrera;
first of the Canary Islanders to be east, the river; and north, Juan
recorded in San Antonio, 1731, Her
godparents were Martin Lorenzo de Leal Goras. These deeds are in
Armas and Gertrudis Flores de Valdes.
She m. 1748, Joaquin Silvestre de Soto the Bexar Archives, 1744-1745.
(Marcos and Petrona de Urtado). In about 1741 Juan Leal Alba-
2 J u a n Joseph Francisco, q. s.
3 Brigida. rez, the regidor, sold his two
4 J u a n Nepomuceno.
5 Ana Petra, or Juana, m. 1754, J u a n suertes in the Potrero caUed the
Granado ( Juan and Maria Robaina de
Bethencourt), d. same year.
"Labor de los Islenos," to Thori-
6 Petra, m. 1st, 1765, Felipe Flores (Juan bio de Urrutia, Captain of the
Jose and Leonor Delgado) ; m. 2nd, presidio. One was bounded E, by
1770, Vicente Flores (Francisco and
Joaquin de Urrutia). the river; N, Patricio Rodriguez;
n . Juan Joseph Francisco (2), b. W, creek; S, Francisco Hernandez;
November 4, 1734; m. 1757, Anto- the other, E, river; W, creek; N,
nia Lorenzo de Armas (Martin Juan Curbelo, the regidor; and S,
and Maria Robaina de Bethen- Juan Delgado. By deed of April
court) : 12, 1749, Urrutia sold for 333 pe-
1 Gertrudis Tomasa, b. 1758. sos, to Antonio Rodriguez, the two
2 Maria Gertrudis, b. 1760, prob. d. y.
3 Maria Gertrudis, b. 1765, in San An-
suertes and a stone house, "al-
tonio, m. Francisco Santander, native ready fallen from currents" and a
of Burgos, Spain.262. grass jacal, and solar of 20 varas
4 Juana Francisca, b. 1767; m. 1st, Jo-
se Francisco Flores (Juan Jose and front. Sixteen years later, Mede-
Delgado); m. 2nd (?), Joseph Francis- ros sold the two suertes, with one
co de Ios Angeles, son of Pedro; and
m. 3rd, Francisco Xavier Chaves. day's water rights every 20 days,
Joseph de la Concepcion Pad- to Don Miguel de Castro, for 255
ron and his wife, Maria Sana- pesos. They were then described
bria, were granted by the king, as as follows: one, bounded E, river;
first settlers, the lot 30 by 30 W, creek; N, lands of Patricio..
varas fronting west on the east Rodriguez; and S, Francisco Her-
side of the Plaza of the ViUa, on nandez; the other, N, lands of
the south side of the street where Joseph Curbelo; S, lands of the
the Casas Reales were located deceased Juan Delgado. On May
(Market St.), bounded south by 21, 1749, Mederos sold to Castro,
the street on which were the for 80 pesos, another part of the
houses of the deceased Juan Leal Leal-Urrutia lands. The foUow-
261 Quarterly. VIII, 216-317; B. A.
262 B. A., Census, Espada Mission, 12-31-1793.
1S2 WITH T H E MAKERS OF SAN ANTONIO
ing day he sold Joseph Curbelo a in t u m sold to Bowen, in consid-

suerte in the northem part of the eration of a mortgage held by
Portero, which had been an orig- t h e latter on the land as secur-
inal grant to Joseph Cabrera. ity, 1855, (Sp. Ar., N - l , 286). The
According to the abstract for description at this time was as
this block, Joseph Padron and his foUows: the lot was located on
wife Antonia de Armas were the t h e E, side of the street running
next to own this property. The S from the SE comer of the pub-
widow, Antonia de Armas, sold Uc square, and fronting on said
part of the lot which she and her street, 29 ft., and bounded S,
husband had purchased from An- street crossing at right angles and
tonio Ximenes, to Pedro Jose Te- running E towards the river; E,
jada, February 20, 1783. Then, on lot formerly owned by F. Longa-
September 15, 1819, Francisco Xa- vUla; N, lot belonging to the heirs
vier Chaves, who had married of Jose Antonio de la Garza,
Juana Padron, the daughter of dec'd; and W, by the aforesaid
Jose, was granted, September 20, street, on which it fronted, 29 ft.
1819, a lot with a front of 40 va- J u a n Montes de Oca bequeathed
ras, and depth of 78 varas, on the property by his will of May
which he had buUt his house. 25, 1857, to his sons, Alejo, Jose
The property was described a t the Maria and Antonio, and daugh-
time as bounded N, alley which ters, Juana Francisca and Elena.
ran from the plaza; S, street run- The property was described in
ning to the plaza; E, lots of Juan this wUl as running along the
Bueno and Pedro LongaviUa; and river to the miU, with a front of
W, the plaza. In 1832, a third 10 v. on the Plaza of the Island-
part on Market St., was sold by ers, and about 70 v. on Dolorosa
Ignacio Chaves, administrator of
his father's estate, to his brother- St. DE NIZ
in-law, J u a n Montes. This deed I. Manuel de Niz, son of Juan de
caUs for Josefa Menchaca on t h e Niz, or Nistrosa, as the famUy
south (Sp. Ar„ F - l , 87). The name is sometimes given, and
middle strip belonged to Marga- Andrea Mireles, b. ca 1680, Grand
rita Chavez, wife of Jose Mencha- Canary; "medium height, broad-
ca. The southem strip on Dolo- shouldered, long face, dark com-
rosa St. was alloted to Francisco plexion, thin beard, flat nose,
Chaves, whose wife was Micaela light grey eyes, black beard and
Fragosa (that is, Francisco Xa- hair, rather bald, black eye-
vier Chaves m. 2nd, Micaela F r a - brows." He was 5th regidor. He
gosa). Their children, Jose, Mi- m. Sebastiana de la Pena de Leon,
,guel, Pedro and Candida, inherit- b. 1685, daughter of Domingo de
ed it, in comphance with the will Leon and Gregoria Suarez de la
of Micaela Fragosa, dated 1849. Pena; their only child:
In the description of the proper- 1 Josefa, b. 1711, Grand Canary, conf.
ty in 1852, the plaza is called 1759; m. Antonio Rodriguez, oldest
son of the widow Maria Rodriguez Ca-
"Plaza del Gobierno," (Sp. Ar., brera, or "son of J u a n and Maria del
Carmen."
K-l, 559). The Francisco Chaves A deed in the Bexar Archives,
heirs sold their interests to dated July 8, 1739, states t h a t the
Thomas J. Devine, and he sold Mayordomo of the Cabildo, Anto-
the property to one Luckie, who nio Rodriguez Mederos, and his
wife Josefa de Niz, sold for 150 goods for sale, and imprisonment,
pesos, to Joseph Antonio Bueno as for the punishment of crimes";
de Roxas, their origmal grant as the recovery of moneys; the sup-
principal settlers of the vUla: a erintendence of the prisons; and
stone house his dwelUng, and lot with his lieutenants was to go the
20 by 84 varas long, bounded E, rounds, and visit the pubhc
house and lot of Vizente Alvarez places, both by night and day, to
Travieso, the Alguacil Mayor; N, prevent noises and disputes, un-
lot of Manuel de Carvaxal, a sold-der the penalty of being suspend-
ier of the presidio; W, lot of Ma-ed from office, and payment of
nuel de Niz, regidor; and S, the the damages that might result
Plaza Mayor. In the foUowing from neglect; he had also to as-
year, January 7, 1740, Manuel de sist with the judges ordinary at
Niz and his wife sold to Bueno de the visitation of prisoners.263
Roxas: a Uttle adobe room, their A description of the Alvarez
dwelling, and kitchen made of Travieso home is given in an in-
poles, on a lot of 20 varas front-ventory in 1784, when the wiU,
age and 84 v. length, bounded E, dated 1778, of Vicente Alvarez
house and lot of the purchaser; Travieso was certified to by Sal-
N, lot of Manuel de Carbajal; W, vador Rodriguez. The stone house
street caUed "Asequia Madre;" was on a lot fronting 21 v. S on
and S, the Plaza Mayor of the the plaza of the villa, not count-
villa. May 26, 1741, Manuel de ing the wall bounding the Juan
Niz and his wife sold their two de Arocha property, with a back
irrigated suertes to Pedro Ocon y waU to the N, and 10 Vi v. on the
Trillo. One was bounded N, by other side of this; it was bound-
lands of Mariana MeUan; S, ed E by the house of Juan de
Joseph Padron (from whom it Arocha; and W, by the house of
was purchased by Geronimo Flo- Joaquin Leal (who m. Ana Maria
res) ; W, creek; E, river; the de Arocha). The house was com-
other, N, Patricio Rodriguez; S, posed of two Canones, in one of
Vizente A. Travieso; E, river; andwhich was a sola and an apocen-
W, creek. These deeds are in the to (Uving or bed room), looking
Bexar Archives. to the west; and two to the east,
composing two of another body,
ALVAREZ TRAVIESO of one Saguan, and one kitchen,
I. Vicente Alvarez Travieso, son whose sala and apocentos had
of Juan and Catharina Cayetano, their doors made of boards (a
b. 1705, Teneriffe; fair complex- medio labrar); having as well, a
ion, chesnut curled hair. He was solar which from north to south
appointed alguacil mayor of San was 68 v. deep and from east to
Fernando, and like the alcalde, west, 21 v. front (y sernna) in
had a vote in the cabUdo, and which were found seven big fig
was elected by it; in this office trees, bearing fruit, and three
he was "charged with the execu- Uttle ones. Among the furnish-
tion of sentences and judgments ings was one painting of Our
rendered, as well for payments Lady of Candelaria in a gilt
ordered, taking possession of frame, and four medium sized
263 Quarter. VIII, 318-319.
paintings. There was one old stiU cattle) should belong to the
(alambique) with its top (som- crown, laying down exact rules
brero); and one table and arm for their capture, slaughter or ex-
chair, which were old. This prop- portation. A book of permits for
erty was deeded by the heirs of cattle brands was begun January
Vicente Alvarez Travieso, in 1809, 12, 1778, in which were registered
to Vicente, Jr. It was destroyed the brands for Don Tomas Tra-
by the flood in 1819.264 bieso, for 250 head of cattle, in-
The Travieso ranch was caUed cluding those of his father and
"Las Mulas." They owned con- brothers; Vizente Flores, 40, with
siderable cattle, as wUl be noted brand of his father; Sebastian
in time. Monjaras, 150, 100 his own, and
Vicente Alvarez Travieso m. 500 with miscellaneous brands;
Maria Ana Curbelo, daughter of Francisco Xavier Rodriguez, 312,
Juan Curbelo and his wife Gar- 200 with the Espada Mission
cia, b. 1712. They had: brand, 100 with that of Don Luis
Menchaca, and 12 of his own;
1 Tomas Antonio, q. s.
2 Juan Andres, m. Josefa Cortinas GuiUermo Casanoba (Peres), 13,
(younger daughter of Juan Cortinas,
Lt. Commander of San Saba, and one
with his father's brand, and
of its discoverers): S. P . Martin de la Garza, with his own
3 J u a n Nepomuceno, b. 1745. brand. These permits were ap-
4 Vicenta de la Candelaria, b. 1746; m.
Esmeregildo Puentes:
i Juana, m. Jose Gregorio Hernan-
proved by the govemor for the
dez ; by whom: Maria Tiburcia, Rancho de las Cobras, May 19,
b. 1811; Vicenta, m. Francisco 1778. The following year, No-
Xavier Rodriguez.
5 Maria Antonia, b. 1749. vem 10, 1779, Govemor CabeUo is-
6 Justa Rufina ,b. 1751; m. Marcos Ze- sued a manifesto containing ins-
peda.
7 Catarina, m. 1773, Antonio Vicente
Matos de las Barcenas, from Cadiz,
tructions for an annual round-
Spain, who came to San Antonio in up and branding of aU Texas cat-
1769; he was the son of Santos Matos tle.265 The price current for Uve
de las Barcenas and Ana Maria de la
Oliva: stock in San Fernando and vicin-
i Maria de Ios Angeles Antonia Ca-
yetana Juana de los Santos, b. ity at this time, 1778, was:
1774; m. Vicente Travieso (To-
mas and Rosalia Sendejo). A fat cow 4 pesos
ii Jose Antonio, b. 1776. A 3-yr. old sheep 6 pesos
8 Rita, m. 1760, Jacinto Delgado. A breeding ewe 3 idem
9 Francisca, m. Francisco Flores. Goats 3 idem
Half broken horses 6 pesos
H. Tomas (1), b. September 18, Mares in droves, a peso a head,
1731. The very important indus- and even less.
Wild mules, male and females,
try of cattle raising was coming eight pesos apiece on an aver-
into prominence toward the end age.
of the century. The first real To conduct droves of cattle,
drive across Texas was by the sheep, horses, and mules, servants
Aguayo Expedition. In January, were needed, and could be secur-
1778, De Croix, issued a bando ed at cheap prices. Saddles,
(edict) at San Antonio, proclaim- lassos, halters, and pirol were aU
ing that all mostrencos ("Mave- cheap.
ricks," or loose and unbranded The best season was autumn,
264 B. A., Rodriguez vs. A. Travieso heirs, 1784, p. 2 3 ; Castaneda, A. Report on the Span-
ish Archives in San Antonio, Texas, Thesis, The Univ. of Tex., MS.; and S. A. Express, April
19, 1908, article regarding the flood of 1819 by Emma E. Pirie.
265 B. A.. 1778, January-August, No. 88, and "Sums de la. . ." and "Libro donde constan
las licencias," January 12, 1778; and Burgos, Administration of Theodoro de Croix, Thesis,
the Univ. of Tex., Ms., p. 337.
when the rivers were fordable prices were higher than those of-
and the pasturage good. To go fered by the govemment in
from the Trinity to Bexar it reg- Texas.267
ularly took 15 days; and from The accounts for 1784 show a
that pueblo to Apeluzas, an equal duty of four reales per head on
time. On account of the very cattle exported to Louisiana.
great difficulty of conducting Five hundred head of each buUs
stock and the danger of stam- and cows had been exported,
pedes, it was impossible to take principally by Luis Mariano Men-
large droves. chaca, Vizente Flores and Simon
De Mezieres gave assurance de Arocha. Luis Mariano Men-
*• that whenever the Senor Gover- chaca was found guUty of having
nor might need for the province illegally disposed of royal cattle
in his charge the articles above from his Rancho de San Francis-
listed, there would be no delay co, after trial for the offense.268
between his request and the de- Tomas Alvarez Travieso m. 1st,
Uvery, under the condition that 1756, Gertrudis Rodriguez (Joseph
they be paid for in money. Antonio and Antonia del Toro),
In payment a draft on Mexico, of CoahuUa; and m. 2nd, Maria
Vera Cruz, San Luis Potosi, or Rosalia Sendejo. By the 1st, m.:
SaltUlo was as acceptable as cash. 1 Nicolasa Emerenciana de la Trinidad,
b. 1757.
The Mission of Espiritu Santo 2 Ana Maria Joaquina, b. 1762.
(40 leagues from Bexar) was the 3 Francisco Antonio, b. 1764.
4 Jose Manuel, b. 1765.
one best perpared to seU cattle at 5 Estefania, d. 1817; m. 1st. 1773, Joseph
Martin de la Garza (Joaquin and Efi-
the lowest price. They sought a genia Leal) ; and m. 2nd, Joseph Mi-
market for it at Bexar.266 guel Sanches: S. P.
De Croix advocated, in 1781, the Tomas and his 2nd wife had:
6 Vicente, q. s.
union of the settlements and 7 Maria Gertrudis.
8 Mariana.
missions around San Antonio. He 9 Maria Josefa.
believed that this was indispen- 10 Maria de Jesus.
sable for the raising and conser- In June, 1791, Tomas Alvarez
• vation of cattle, and other in- Travieso was residing in Saltillo,
dustries and progress. In 1782 where he found it necessary to
the exportation of cattle increas- require that he be treated as a
ed. Antonio Blanc of New Or- first settler and hidalgo. In 1880,
leans came to San Antonio and however, it was declared impos-
purchased 2,000 head from the sible for him to move to Saltillo
mission of Espiritu Santo. Joseph to join his wife, and a report was
Antonio Cadena, sargeant of the made in regard to sending his
company of cavalry of Monclova, son for her.269 He died Octo-
stationed at Bexar, complained ber 5, 1808.
that he had plenty of cattle but HI. Vicente (1), b. in SaltiUo,
no land. Francisco de Arocha re- came to San Antonio in his youth.
quested a permit to seU his cattle He m. 1st, Maria de las Bercenas
in CoahuUa, where he stated the (Antonio Vicente and Catarina
266 Prov. Int., Vol. 182. 95; m. Bolton, "De Mezieres." 11, 241.
267 B. A., 1782, "Diligencia," No. 98, and No. 97.
268 B. A., 1784, Account Book, No. 19; and Dilig.. No. 104; No. 86, and No. 100; see
also "Cuaderno" No. 19, and Dilig. Nos. 86, 99, 100, and 102-104, for further sales of cattle.
269 B. A., June 20, 1791; and April 2, 1800.
Alvarez Travieso); m. 2nd, 1802, RODRIGUEZ

Maria Luisa de Luna (Tomas and I. Salvador Rodriguez, son of
Encarnacion Salinas Montalbo). Francisco and Isabel de los Reyes,
By the 1st m.: b. 1688, Teneriffe. He was 4th
1 Juana Francisca Gerdnima, b. 1796.
regidor and 2nd alcalde. He m.
By the 2nd m.: Maria Perez Cabrera, b. ca 1688,
2 Maria Jacoba, b. 1804
3
4
Juan Jose. b. 1805.
Jose Melchor, q. s.
Lancerote, daughter of Domingo
5 Jose Vicente, b. 1808. Cabrera and Maria Perez. They
6 Jose Justo Rufino, b. 1811; m. 1832, had:
Juana Montes (Jose and Paula de los
Santos). 1 Patricio, 271, b. "ca" 1715, Lancerote;
7 Maria Ines, b. 1814. q. s.
IV. Melchor (4) m. 1st, Maria n . Patricio (1), kiUed by the In-
Carmen Coy (she d. 1841); m. dians in 1748, the year of the
2nd, Guadalupe de la Garza, campaign of Rabago y Theran,
widow of Jose Rivas; by whom: Governor of CoahuUa, agamst the
1 Vicente, b. 1851. frontier Indians, with ten San
2 Jacoba Encarnacion, b. 1852. Antonio volunteers, weU acquaint-
3 Guadalupe, b. 1864.
ed with the Apache country and
The wUl of Luisa de Luna, wife by 20 soldiers of the presidio, in-
of Vicente Travieso, dated 1828, cluding Lieutenant Galban.272 He
mentions their stone house at m. Josefa Granado (Juan and
Mission San Juan Capistrano; Maria Robaina de Bethencourt):
their Rancho Las Mulas; and the 1 Brigida Tomasa, b. 1746.
2 Patricio, q. s.
house in the principal plaza, to 3 Maria Tesiaca, m. 1760, Domingo Cas-
the north, which was occupied by telo, from the City of Lugo, and res-
ident of the presidio of San Luis de
the curate of the vUla, Refugio de las Amarillas; son of Domingo and
Antonia Nunez:
la Garza, who was renting it at i Maria Trinidad, b. 1763.
the rate of seven pesos per 4 Salvador, q. s.
5 Rosalia, m. 1st, 1752, Joseph de Cas-
month; then, the jacalito, 7 by 8 tro (Miguel) ; m. 2nd, 1773, Bias Mal-
v., where she Uved, in the eastern donado (Joseph and Manuela Ramon
of La Bahia), from the Punta de Lam-
part of the community, in the pasos. an outpost of Nuevo Leon for
the defense of the province against the
Calle caUed del Potrero, which inroads of the Indians from the north;
went to the bridge of the Alame- m. 3rd, 1775, J u a n Joseph Sanches, a
soldier.
da; which property had been
purchased from Ignacio VUla- HI. Patricio (2), m. 1780, Ana
sefior, who petitioned the vice- Maria Fuentes, daughter of Ma-
governor at SaltUlo for permis- nuel. He was a soldier. He pur-
sion to estabUsh a billiard table chased a lot on Calle Real from
at Bexar. In SaltUlo was the Juan Manuel Ruiz, May 10, 1782.
house and lot, in the Callejon of In 1796 he purchased the interests
Francisco Farias, inherited from of his sister, RosaUa, in their
her husband, who got it from his parents' property located north of
father, Don Tomas.270 th land of the heirs of Juan Gra-
nado, and east of those of Salva-
Alvarez Travieso descendants dor Rodriguez. Patricio and Ana
are Uving in the vicinity of Sas- Maria had 17 ch., of whom, Maria,
panco and Elmendorff, Texas. m. 1802, Remigio Leal.
TH. Salvador (4), m. 1st, Gertru-
270 B. A. August 20, 1826, Drafe No. 286.
271 See B. A., 1784.
272 See Dunn, "Apache Relations," Quarterly, XVI, 253-254.
dis de la Pena; and m. 2nd, Luisa fore the alcaldes , He also per-
Guerrero (Matias and Luisa An- formed various duties assigned
gulo) . By the 1st, m.: him by the alcaldes or by the
1 Maria Josefa Zaragosa, b. 1768 (m.
Estefana Fragoso).
governor. On one occasion, for
2 Joseph Antonio Ildefonso. instance, he went at the gover-
8 Joseph Manuel, m. Victoriana Valdes nor's order, with the alcalde and
(Francisco and Gertrudis Gomes), who
came to S. A. 1795, from Saltillo.
4 Joseph Ignacio, soldier, volunteered
the alguacil mayor to see whether
July 26, 1795; m. 1798, Antonia Bueno or not Juan Leal Goras had gone
(Juan and Gertrudis de la Garza). beyond the Umits of his lands as
5 Maria Antonia, m. 1798, Jose Antonio
Flores de Abrego (Joaquin and Teo- charged by Joseph Padron. He
dora Montes).
6 Ana Petra. often served notice upon interest-
7 Maria Mauricia, m. 1800, Jose Victor
Jaimes (Joaquin and Maria Gertrudis
ed parties of the orders of the
Luerano), from Aguascalientes. alcalde and the governor." It was
8 Mariana, m. 1st, Ignacio Flores (?Gre-
gorio and Juana Maria Leal), m. 2nd,
the duty of the whole cabildo to
1799, Vicente Zepeda (Marcos and Jus- oversee the archives, and from in-
ta Travieso).
9 Maria Juliana, b. 1780. ventories of documents contained
therein; but Arocha signed these
AROCHA inventories, as long as he served
I. Francisco de Arocha, son of as escribano, with the rest of the
Simon de Arocha and Angela cabildo. "Other duties perform-
Francisca, b. 1703, Palma; "taU, ed by this officer were the keep-
long face, grey eyes, dark coming of certain municipal and
plexion, meetmg eyebrows, thick other accounts; but no records
beard, thin nose, black hair." He have been found of municipal ac-
and Vicente Alvarez Travieso may counts previous to 1800, and it
have been omitted from the first cannot be proved that Arocha
list; though they probably joined performed the duty in question,
the party after the Ust was made. although it is probable that he
He was appointed escribano de did, and that he also kept the
consejo y publico; "the only one archives in order, and that the
among the Islehos upon their ar- cabildo inspected both at the end
rival at Bexar who could write a of each year."274 i n 1757 Fran-
legible hand was Francisco cisco Joseph de Arocha present-
Joseph de Arocha, secretary of ed a petition to the cabildo pray-
the cabildo." Juan Leal Goras, ing to be reUeved of the duties of
however, "could write sufficiently his office on the ground that it
weU for any person knowing that did not yield enough to support
his signature was affixed to a his famly. He resigned January
document to identify it."273 He 13, 1757, according to the B. A.
was the first and only man who Francisco de Arocha m. Juana
served as escribano at San Fer- Curbelo (Juan and Garcia Prud-
nando during the 18th century. homme y Umpierre), b. 1716, lan-
"He kept the minutes of the ca- cerote. They had fifteen chU-
bildo, signing them with the dren; of whom:
other members. He Ukewise, drew 1 Sim6n, q. s.
up various legal documents, and 2 Domingo Estanislas Nepomuceno, b.
took depositions in lawsuits be- 1744; m. Juana Padilla:
i Maria Manuela, b. 1785.
273 Quarterly, VIII, 305.

274 Ibid.. VIII, 326-327.
3 Juana, conf. 1759; m. Maria Manuela

Montes de Oca (Juana Joseph and
officially recognized, on Novem-
Marcela de la P e n a ) : seven ch., of ber 8, 1791, the ranches, and their
whom only four were living at the proprieotrs, where cattle was
time of their mother's death, "ca"
1788:
i Joseph Manuel, b. 1770.
raised, and which were populated.
ii Fernando Antonio. Don Simon de Arocha heads the
iii Maria Josefa. list, with San Rafael de Pata-
iv Jose Maria.
v Jose' Manuel de Jesus, b. 1778. guiya; Don Luis Antonio Mencha-
vi Joseph Vicente, b. 1782.
4 Fernando, m. 1780, Maria Ignacia Her- ca follows, with San Rafael de
nendez.
5 Antonia, m. 1760, Ignacio Francisco
los Varais. The foUowing were
Xavier Calbillo (Joseph and Luzgar- recognized as being without pop-
da Lopez de L a r a ) :
i Franciso Antonio, b. 1762. ulation and improvements: Don
ii Maria del Carmen, b. 1765; m. ac-
cording to the B. G. Gavino Del-
Tomas Travieso, San Vizente de
gado. las Mulas; Don Jose Plasido Her-
iii Juana Josefa, b. 1767. nandez, San Bartolo del Cerrito;
iv Francisca, b. 1769; m., according
to the B. G., Mathias Casanova, Doha Leonor Delgado, San Jose
b. 1762; by whom: Jose Manuel,
b. 1785; and Ignacio, b. 1788. de los Alamos; Don Salvador Ro-
6 Angela Francisca, b. 1747; m. Manuel
Delgado.
driguez, Nuestra Senora de Can-
7 Ana Maria, probably m. Joaquin Leal. delaria; Don Ygnacio CalvUlo, N.
n . Simon (1), was Commandant S. de Guadalupe de la Mugeres;
of the Provincial Militia of the Don Ynacio Pena, San Eldifonzo
Villa de San Fernando de Bexar. del Chayopin; Doha Manuela
On June 23, 1788, an official do- Montes, N. S. de Guadalupe del
cument was dated "San Antonio Chayopin; Don Macarib Sambra-
de Bexar." Monthly reports were no, N. S. de Candelaria de las
now inaugurated, regarding mil- Calaveras; Don Diego Yrineo
itary activities in and around San Corriquez, Santa Cruz de la Laja;
Antonio. A Ust of the retired of- Dona Antonia de Armas, San Lo-
ficers, on annual pensions, who renzo de las Mulas; Don Manuel
resided in San Antonio includes: Delgado, San Christoval de Es-
Capt. Luis Antonio Menchaca, 270 panta Perros; Doha Josefa Qui-
pesos; Alferez Juan Jose Ydalgo, nones, San Miguel de la Amola-
250; Alf. Baltazar Peres, 250; deras. In the list of the cattle
Carabinero Diego Acosta, 96; and raisers of the vUla dated July 18,
soldiers: Antonio Gonzales, Pedro 1795, in the Bexar Archives, 1789,
Minon, Bartolome Resales, Jose Copias de las provindencias, it is
Miguel Gamez, and Jose Antonio interestmg to note that Manuel
Baquera, each receiving 96 pesos Dias is described as a servant of
per annum. The rations of the the Mission of San Antonio de
time included corn, soap, beans, Valero, and Baquero of the Ran-
salt, pilonzia (brown loaf sugar), cho de la Mora, corresponding to
chiles, and cigarets.275 the said mission.276 Many per-
Simon de Arocha was not only mits were granted for rounding
a military man, but a ranchman up and his disposmg of cattle,
and important cattle raiser. The and of horses. On August 24,
cabildo, in comphance with ins- 1791, Carlos Martmez appUed to
tructions dated October 3, 1791, go to his ranch caUed San Jose,
275 B, A., 1788, "Noticia de los Oficiales"; 7-19-1788, "Estado que manifiesta": and
1789. No. 325.
276 B. A., 1778, January-August.
with JuUan de Arocha, Manuel de riano and Luciano Mencha (Men-

Arocha, Juan Jose Cadena, Juan chaca?), and Juan Antonio Ro-
Jose Falcon, Miguel Minon, Juan driguez, for cattle and horses;
Jose Martmez and Joaquin de la Nov. 16, 1791: Jose Antonio Sau-
Garza, to catch and slaughter cedo, with Francisco PadUla,
cattle on unclaimed lands. On Francisco Guerra, Ygn. Flores,
September 2, 1791, Francisco Bue- Jose Maria Perez, Juan Jose Man-
no appUed, with Tomas de Aro- solo and Jose de la Garza, and
cha, Manuel Losoya, Mariano the Najar, for cattle on the Cibolo
Menchaca, Xavier Rodriguez, Ma- Creek; Nov. 30, 1791: Marcos Ze-
riano Renteria, Bonifacio Her- peda, with Francisco Salas de la
nandez, uan Jose Bergara, BacUio Zerda, Manuel Soto, Bias de Avi-
Juan Ramon and Felix Errera, Ja, and Juan Jose Zepeda, for
for horses and cattle. The same cattle.
date (Sep. 2, 1791) Miguel Gor- Simon de Arocha, m. 1752, Ma-
tari applied, with Clemente and ria Ignacia de Urrutia, daughter
Manuel Delgado, Manuel Saracho, of Joaquin and Josefa Hernandez.
Vizente Flores, Manuel Rodriguez, Their home was in North Street,
Juan Jose Seguin, Juan Flores, south of a lot belonging to Chris-
Jose Hernandez, Jose Luis del toval Chirino, and east of Nicho-
VaUe, Gavino Delgado, and Ma- las de Carvajal. This property
riano Duran, to proceed to the was a gift to Simon de Arocha's
other side of the Guadalupe River wife, from her nude, Toribio de
for cattle to supply meat for their Urrutia. In 1758, they traded it,
famiUes. Marcos Zepeda, on Sep- with a cash bonus, for a house
tember 1, applied, with Bias de and lot, 40 v. front by 80 v. deep,
AvUa, EsmeregUdo Seguin, Do- looking south on the Plaza of the
mingo Martmez, and Vizente Ze- Villa, on la Sequia Street its
peda (son of Marcos), for cattle. westem boundary. This property
On the 27th of Sept., Damian de had been acquired by Maria Cur-
Arocha applied, with Jose Antonio belo from her first husband,
sa, Jose Mireles, and Francisco, Joseph Antonio Bueno de Rojas
Martinez, Jose Antonio Quihones, Hernandez. She m. 2nd, Christo-
Jose Salinas, Jose Manuel de So- val de los Santos Coy, the school
Montemayor, for cattle and master, and to educate the four
horses. October 16, 1791, Joaquin chUdren, they wished to go to
de la Garza appUed, with Amador Saltillo, and hence this exchange
Delgado and his son, Francisco of properties, with the ca"sh
PadiUa, Juan Jose de Sosa, Jose bonus. Simon de Arocha received
Flores, Rafael Fuentes and Ma- a grant from Governor CabeUo,
nuel Salinas, for cattle. October June 20, 1782, of eight sitios of
21, 1791: Mariano Dominguez, land for a ranch.
with Gregorio Quinones, Rafael Simon de Arocha and Maria
Martinez, Felix de Herrera, Refu- Ignacia had:
gio Amador, Joseph Amador and 1 AnaMaria Gertrudis, b. 1754; m. To-
Jose Antonio de la Garza, for cat- ribio
Farias:
i
Leonicia Catarina.
tle; November 9, 1791: Francisco ii
Maria de la Concepcion, b. 1773;
Menchaca, with Jose Hernandez, m. 1791, Jose B .de la Garza.
2 Tomas Antonio, b. 1756; q. s.
Diego Menchaca, Francisco, Ma- 3 Joseph Miguel Damian, b. 1759; q. s.
4 Jose Ignacio de Ui Candelaria.
5 Josefa Gertrudis, d. y. V. Julia Concepcion (2), b. 1843;

6 Barbara Guadalupe, b. 1761.
7 Tomas, b. 1753, d. y. m. Victor Beze, son of John Beze,
8 Jose Cadete Ignacio, m. 1793, Josefa who came to San Antonio with
Salinas (Jose and Maria E. Rodriguez).
TH. Tomas (2), m. Antonia Jose- his parents, when only 11 yrs. of
fa Romero (Juan and Teresa Ce- age. His father, John Beze, re-
baUos); they had 10 ch. (b. 1797- turned to France in 1870, where
1811), of whom: he d. 1880. Victor Beze and Con-
1 Jose" Ignacio, q. s. cepcion de Arocha had:
TV. Jose Ignacio (1), m. Maria 1 Victor, b. San Antonio, 1883 (living in
California) ; m. 1st, Ines Collis (b. in
Juana Garcia: Leavenworth, K a n s . ; d.) ; m. 2nd, Miss
1 Jose Ignacio. - Wurzbach: P.
2 Simon de Jesus, b. 1834. 2 Albert, m. Alice Herff (Ferdinand, J r . ) .
3 Juan, d.
UI. Miguel (3), b. 1759, m . Jose- 4 Louis (Chief of Police).
5 Leonore, m. Dr. Edward Sauvignet, of
fa Seguro: Laredo.
1 Lino, q. s. 6 Maria, m. John Desco, of Dallas.
2 Antonio Cruz. q. s. 7 Ofelia, m. Frank Benavides.
IV. Lino (1), m. 1841, Encarna- RODRIGUEZ
cion de Urrutia, daughter of Juan I. Antonio Rodriguez, son of Juan
Antonio de Urrutia and Maria and Maria del Carmen, b. ca 1712,
Ignacia Leal; they had (b. 1843- Grand Canary; "medium height,
1853): broad-shouldered, fuU-faced, fair
1 Maria Trinidad, q. s.
2 Maria Josefa Refugio, m. Andres complexion, pitted with smaU-
Brown: pox, flat nose, grey eyes, chestnut
i Maria, m. Tomas Hernandez (Ra-
mon and Juana Trevino), by hair and eyebrows, mole on right
whom: Enrique, m. Amelia He-
rrera (Guillermo and Ortela Tre- cheek." In the first list he was
vino, dau. of Tomas and Jesusa among the five single men, with
Stevens), of Laredo: Enrique, b.
1924, and Beatrix. PheUpe and Jose Antonio Perez,
ii Andres, m.
3 Pedro Lino, q. s. Martin and Ignacio Lorenzo de
4 Maria Ignacia,
5 Juan Antonio Refugio.
Armas; but in the later Ust ap-
6 Refugio Epitacio. pears as having m. a daughter of
7 ?Maria de la Consolacion, m. Dec. 11. Islanders: Josefa de Niz, daugh-
1850, William Robertson Henry, Pro-
testant:
i Nathaniel William John Antonio.
ter of Manuel and Sebastiana de
b. March 29, 1853. m. Jan. 18. la Pena. He was the head of the
1879, Miguela Chavez (Jose and 10th family. He was appointed
Josefa Villalpando).
ii Virginia Martha, b. July 1, 1855. mayordomo and at first (1731)
iii Joseph, b. 1857; m. Dec, 24,
1880, Maria Antonia Galindo (Ma- bore the the of mayordomo de
riano and Candida Chavez): see
Chaves.
los bienes y propios de la repu-
V. Maria Trinidad (1), m. March blica. "A little later he was call-
15, 1863, Antonio Bruni, from the ed, without any apparent prefer-
duchy of Parma; see Heusinger, ence, mayordomo or procurador
German famiUes. even sindico procurador gene-
V. Pedro Lino (3), m. Maria En- ral."277 Antonio and Josefa had:
gracia de la Garza: 1 Prudencio, q. s.
1 Lino, m. 1909, Maria Suares, of La- II. Prudencio (1), sargeant, m.
redo, daughter of Miguel and Filar Polonia Curbelo (Jose and Rafae-
Trujillo.
2 Ofilio, m. 1819, Guadalupe Morales la de la Garza); 12 ch. (b. 1770-
(Cruz and Isabel).
TV. Antonio Cruz (2), m. Jesusa 1789):
1 Joseph Antonio, m. Maria Josefa Fa-
de la Pena: rias (Francisco and Encarnacion Re-
1 Alejandro, b. 1841. sales) :
2 Julia Concepci6n, q. s.
277 Quarterly, VIII, 318-319.
ii Maria de Jesus, b. 1808. Juan Leal Goraz. She was of

2 Manuel Ignacio, q. s. "good height, fair complexion,
HI. Manuel Ignacio (2), b. Sep- long face, black eyes, hair and
tember 7, 1778; m. 1800, Antonia eyebrows." Her wUl is in the BL
Courbiere (Andres Benites and A., dated December 3, 1740, ac-
FeUciana Duran): cording to it, she had by Lucas
1 Ambrosio, q. s. Delgado:
IV. Ambrocio (1), 1st Lieut., un- 1 Juan, q. s.
2 Francisco, q. s.
der Col. Juan N. Seguin, in Hous- 3 Leonor, b. "ca" 1726, Lancerote, m.
1st, Bernardo Leal; and m. 2nd, Juan
ton's army; m. January 16, 1828, Jose Flores de Abrego.
Maria de Jesus OUvarri (Simon 4 Domingo, b. 1728, Lancerote; m. 1750,
Josefa Leal: S. P. His will, dated
and Guadalupe de Torres): April 29, 1772, is in the B. A.
1 Jose Maria Salome, q. s. II. Juan (1) b. 1711, Lancerote,
2 Guadalupe, m. Adolfus Duran:
i Adolfus, d. m. on the voyage, one of the Is-
3 Josefa, d. y.
4 Romana, d. y.
landers, Catarina Leal, daughter
5 Carolina, m. Dr. Mason ,of Leesburg, of Juan Leal Goraz and Catarina
Va.: 2 sons and 1 daughter, m. a son Rodriguez, b. ca 1714, Lancerote;
of Dr. Swann, governor of Md., and
they had a son. "Uvely grey eyes, black hair and
6 Alice, m. John Bullis, his 1st wife; he
m. 2nd, Miss Withers. eyebrows." He was the head of
7 Susan, m. Tomas Rodriguez (lived in
Atascosa County).
the 12th family. He was the first
V. Jose Maria (1), b. 1829, author witness summoned for the examin-
of the Memoirs (used in this ation of the conduct of Sandoval;
genealogy), m. Felix Benavides he stated that he knew Sandoval
(Basilio, Webb County represen- very well and that he and all of
tative and member of Secession his subordinates had conducted
Convention): themselves in a very exemplary
1 Natalia, m . ; 6 ch. manner, carrying out all orders
2 Ambrocio. from the viceroy with promptness
The Rodriguez family lived in and exactitude. He mentioned in
the old two-story house on Com- particular, the order from H. E.
merce St., said to have been the that the Canary Islanders of San
first two-story house buUt in the Fernando de Bexar be aided by
Potrero, the first after crossing the miUtary, and that they be
from the Alamo, until the death furnished seeds for sowing, at
of Ambrocio Rodriguez, in 1848, at regular stipulated prices, aU of
which time the family moved to which Sandoval had scrupulously
Laredo St., where they resided carried out; he had never been
untU moving to Laredo, Texas. guilty of excesses. Delgado also
The Memoirs are a valuable con- testified that Sandoval had treat-
tribution; Judge Rodriguez reed the soldiers and natives in a
ceived much of his data from kindly manner, and that he had
Don Leonardo de la Garza, and evicted pubhc nuisances. The In-
from the Chaves famUy. dians had been induced to settle
DELGADO in the missions in great numbers;
I. Mariana or Maria Meleano or enemy Indians who had come to
MeUan, was the widow of Lucas make depredations had been
or Luis Delgado, who d. at Vera punished; and the friendly In-
Cruz. She was the daughter of dians had not been allowed to
Francisco and Ynes de Hoyos, b. indulge in games which might
ca 1700, Lancerote. She m. 2nd, have caused riots or disturbances.
Moreover, Sandoval had been m. Maria Gertrudis Saucedo; they

careful in his management of the had ten ch., of whom:
soldiers in the province, and of 1 Maria Josefa, m. 1811, Jose Antonio
Curbelo (Juan Jose and Teresa Ama-
this Delgado was quite positive, as dor).
2 Encarnacion, m. 1327, Maria Refugia
he had often seen an escort of de la Zerda (Pedro and Rosalia Ruiz).
soldiers who had come from the
Adaes to San Antonio. They n . Francisco (2), b. ca 1714; his
were always well equipped and wUl, dated 1764, in the Sp. Ar. He
weU clothed. Sandoval did not m. Catarina de los Santos (Anto-
aUow them to gamble; in none of nio and Isabel Rodriguez); they
the presidios were games aUowed had 12 ch.; his will mentions 8;
in which the soldiers could bet of1 whom: Manuel Margil, or Martin, q. s.
with their suppUes. Delgado add- 2 Maria Candelaria, m. "ca" 1750, Ma-
ed that Sandoval could hardly nuel Galvan (Juan and Francisca Xa-
viera Maldonado).
have had any understandings 3 Antonio Marcelino, b. 1746; m. Maria
Josefa Peres:
with the French, as he had spent i Maria Ines, b. 17 G9. Her godpa-
most of his time in San Antonio. rents were Francisco
and Teresa Sarachi.
Casanova
The testimony of all the witnesses 4 Gertrudis Isabel (?}, m. April 25, 1759,
bore out the statements of Delga- Pedro Flores.
5 Joseph Mariano, m. 1755; Polinaria de
do. AU of the Indians in their Garza.
6 J u a n Lucas Gavino de la Trinidad, b.
testimony, repeated that Sando- 1758; d. 1825; m. Ana Maria Calbillo:
val was a good, good captain i Juan. b. 1783.
(Buen Capitdn, buen Capitdn), ii Jose Anacleto, b. 1784.280.
They aU agreed that Sandoval HI. Manuel (?1), m. Angela de
had attracted many Indians to Arocha (Francisco and Juana
the missions by gifts of tobacco Curbelo); they had 12 ch. (b.
and other things. In aU the tes- 1771-1794), 1 Manuel, q. s.
of whom:
timony there was not even a hint 2 Jose Ignacio, m. 1811, Maria del Rosa-
that Sandoval had oppressed the rio Soto (Bernardo and Magdalena
Guerra):
Indians or crueUy punished them.278 i Jose Victor Elojio, b. 1812,
ii Ignacia Petra, b. 1814.
Juan Delgado and Catarina IV. Manuel (1), m. 1800, Antonia
had: Rodriguez (Francisco and Juana
1 Juan Lucas, conf. 1759. Travieso); they had 5 ch., of
2 Josefa Antonia. b. 1731; m. 1756, Mar- whom:
cos Guerra (Antonio and Catarina Xi-
menes Menchaca). 1 Jose Maria Jesus Pedro, q. s.
3 Jacinto, q. 8. 2 Jose Antonio, b. 1813; m. 1st, 1841,
Luzgarda Martinez, wid. of Ignacio
4 Cecilia, m. 1751. Joseph Peres. Seguin, and daughter of Nicolas and
5 Ana Gertrudis, b. 1745. Maria Gertrudis Mireles; and m. 2nd,
6 Juan Amador.279. 1850 Pabla Soto, wid. of Manuel Ol-
guin.
HI. Jacinto (3), b. 1733; m. 1st,
1760, Rita Travieso (Vicente and V. Jose Maria Jesus Pedro, b,
Maria Ana Curbelo); and m. 2nd, 1811; m. Juana Curbelo (?Juan
1776, Ramona de la Garza (Miguel Jose and Teresa Amador); they
and Ignacia Hemandez). By the Uved on the south side of Main
1st m.: Plaza, just west of the Gertmdis
1 Clemente, q. s. Salinas residence; they had 8 ch.,
IV. Clemente (1), who d. in 1833, of whom:
278 Evans, "Sandoval," Thesis, the Univ. of Tex.
279 Mentioned in his father's will, B. A., 1745.
280 The Census in the B. A., states that Gavino Delgado was b. 1760; that he m. Maria
Calvillo; and that they had a son b. 1792.
1 Teresa, m. 1841, Pasquier Leo Buguai, Ana was about to attack San An-
of Louisiana, son of Honore and Eu-
genie Provost. tonio the Delgado famUy with
2 Martin, b. "ca" 1823, of Peluciana,
La.; m. 1st, 1842 ,Maria Antonia Car- others, fled to Leon, their ranch,
denas (Jose and Maria Courbiere) ; and
m. 2nd, 1843, Maria Dolores Castaneda
about 7 mi. away. Amador Del-
(Juan and Ignacia Gomes). gado learned to be a traU driver,
3 Jose, m. Manuela Monjaras (Manuel beginning at the age of 15„ with
and Josefa).
i S"!vn-''"•. his elder brother Nicolas. His
HI. Amador (6), who is included home at the time of his death
in Juan Delgado's wUl, dated was at 658 Callaghan Avenue, San
October 20, 1745, B. A. Amado Antonio. He had had a previous
Delgado owned property along home in El Paso St., near the
with Jacinto and Josefa Delgado. I-G-N tracks.
Jose Amador (he was buried IV. Juan (4), m. 1st, Maria Con-
March 13,1799), m. Casiana Gal- cepcion Zepeda; and m. 2nd, 1843
van (native of Presidio of R;o Maria Refugia GU. By the 1st m.:
Grande), and they had 9 ch., of 1 Juana Francisca, m. Juan Rodriguez:
P.
whom: 2 Juan Jose.
1 Maria Dolores, b. 1766; m. 1786, Fran- 3 Francisco, d- 1833.
cisco Padilla, who according to the R. 4 Maria Trinidad Julia.
I., was b. 1762, and was of La Bahia, 5 Juan de Dios Celedonio, q. s.
son of Jose Luis and Candelaria Mon- 6 Rita, m. 1st, Nicolas Urbina ; and m.
tes de Oca: 2nd, Francisco Sotelo Garcia, by whom:
i Antonia, m. 1822, Manuel Zepeda. Ignacio, m. 1st, Josefa Tarin (Juan
ii Maria Josefa, m, 1822, Jose Her- and Jesusa Rivas) ; and m. 2nd, Vida-
nandez (Bonifacio and Juan Ma- la Huizar.
ria Velasquez). 7 Jose Simon.
2 Maria Ignacia, m. Vicente Zepeda 8 Margarita, m. Miguel Indo.
(Marcos and Justa Travieso). 9 Juan Manuel.
3 Jose, q. s.
4 Juan, q. s. V. Celedonio (5), m. 1846, Maria
IV. Jose (3), m. Maria Francisca Luisa Ruiz (Jose Antonio and Isa-
Peres (Baciho and Maria Antonia bel Seguin):
1 Celedonio, q. s.
Menchaca): 2 Jose, b. 1852; m. Teresa Anafia; by
whom: Refugia, d. y.
1 Maria Andrea, b. 1815; m. Dolores Ca- 3 Manuel.
sanova : 4 Martin, m. Trinidad Miranda (Mace-
i Tomasa. m. 1867, Guadalupe Espi- donio and Carmen Lopez) ; by whom:
nosa. Luisa, and Martin.
2 Nicolas. 5 Juan.
3 Casiana, m. 1852, Agustin Torres:
i Jose Presiliano, b. 1853. VE. Celedonio (1), m. Josefa GU:
4 Amador, q. s. 1 Ignacio, q. s.
V. Amador (4), m. CaroUna Burk- VII. Ignacio (1), m. Josefa Farias
hardt (Henry, from Germany, (Jose Antonio and Manuela):
and Alejandra Casanova): 1 Miguel, q. s.
2 Jesus
1 Antonia, m, Rosendo Gonzales: 3 Melchora.
i Guadalupe, m. Eduardo Vera. 4 Josefa.
2 Carolina, m. Reyes Urrutia, (one of 4 5 Polinaria.
ch. of Juan Bautista, and Rosanda R. 6 Rita.
Guerra, from Mexico): Esther. VTH. Miguel (1), m. Refugia Men-
3 Maria.
4 Nicolas, m. Helen Gesper, of German chaca (Manuel an Leonarda):
parentage. 1 Jesus, q. s.
5 Adolfo, m. Catherine Henkel, also of
German parentage, by whom: Lucile. IX. Jesus (1).
b. April, 1910; Leonardo, Edmund,
Gladys, Thelma, Clotilda (m. Lino San- IV. Juan (4), by his 2nd wife,
ches: Claudio, b. 1911 and Carolina),
and Amelia (m. Max Gonzales: Olga,
Refugia GU (Ignacio and Barbara
b. 1915). de los Santos):
1 Casiana, q. s.
Amador Delgado d. July 2, 1925, 2 Cecilio, m. Juan Tarin (Juan and Je-
susa Rivas).
aged 96 years. In his boyhood he 3 Trinidad, q. s
lived with his parents at the Con- V. Casiana (1), b. 1849; m. Cata-
cepcion Mission. When Santa rino Valdes, son of Josefa:
1 Juan Manuel, m. Josefa Ximenes (Jo-

se Maria and Ursula Suniga).
who m. Antonio Santos. She was
2 Eulalia, m. Alberto Ximenes; Josefa's of good figure; her eyes were
bro. small and black. Her husband,
3 Martina, m. Manuel Ximenes, another
bro. Juan Cabrera, d. at Pueblo de
4 Leonor, m. Jose Sanches.
5 Refugia. Apa, on the Vera Cruz road. In
6 Casiana.
7 Nicanor.
the Quatitlan Ust, -September 9,,
8 Catarion, m. Angela Ruis (Jose and 1730, "Maria Rodriguez (widow of
Isabel Martines ).
Juan Cabrera who d. near Vera
V. Trinidad (3), m. Eduardo Cruz)" is given with "two sons
"Rojo," son of Pedro Rodriguez and one daughter." In the list
and Margarita Peres: taken just before they left
1 Adolfo, m, Lola Sosa (Santiago and
Oliva).
2 Ramon, m. Concepcion Casas.
Quatitlan, November 8, 17 3 0,
3 Paula, m. Aurelio Sotelo. Joseph Cabrera is given as head
4 Cecilia, m. Jesus Pena (Jestis and Car- of the 13th family, and said to
men Bustillos) ; parents of Jesusa, Ines,
and Miguel. have been the son of Manuel Ca-
5 Barbara, m. Jesus Sosa .Lola's bro.
6 Margarita, m. Antonio Carnaval, brera and Maria Rodriguez, "na-
7 Candelaria, m. Eduardo Zepeda; pa-
rents of Rolando.
tive of Lancerota, about 50 years
IH. Jose Amador (?6), according old." Apparently the widow Ma-
to the church records, m. Juana ria Rodriguez-Cabrera had died.
Cortinas: The two sons and daughter men-
1 Caspar, q. s. tioned in the first list, as well as
IV. Gaspar (1), m. Carmel Ramon in subsquent land titles were:
(Manuel and Rosalie Martinez): 1 Joseph, b. Lancerote, 1715.
2 Ana, b. Lancerote, 1717; m. Ignacio
1 Caspar, m. 1812, Matiana Olibares Lorenzo de Armas.
(Juan and Ignacia Dias) ; by whom 3 Marcos, q. s.
Maria Josefa Canuta.
2 Juan Manuel, b. 1805. H. Marcos (3), b. 1724, Lancerote,
During the revolutionary days m. twice. By his 2nd wife, Maria
several members of the Delgado Celedonia de Vargas, he had:
family held properties on the 1 Maria Josefa, b. December 14, 1766.
2 Maria Dionicia, b. 1768.
south side of Main Plaza (see In- 3 Juan, b. 1751; d., same year.
surgents List, 1813, items 6, 7 and The original Cabrera grant was
8). In the partition (1834) of the the plot of land bounded S, Do-
estate of Clemente Delgado, who lorosa St.; W, Flores St.; N. Ga-
m. Maria Gertrudis Saucedo, their lan St.; E, the plaza, and the
home was described as a stone Acequia Madre de la Labor. When
house, with a lot fronting 11 Vz v. the Canary Islanders first arriv-
north on the south side of the ed in San Antonio, it was intend-
Plaza Principal, going back 130 v. ed to found the villa on the other
to the street called "of the Lower (west) side of the San Pedro
Labor." The eastern boundary Creek; but the continual warfare
of this property was the house of of the Indians made this impos-
Gertrudis Salinas; the westem, a sible. The new settlers therefore
jacal of Doha Gertrudis SaUnas. asked permission to live in or
Clemente Delgado was granted around the presidio for protec-
two sitios of land in 1829. tion; thus, they incidentaUy oc-
cupied some of the cultivated so-
CABRERA lares of the mUitary families.
I. The widow, Maria Rodriguez When the land grants were given
was the daughter of Domingo de to the original Canary Islanders,
Bega and Leonor Rodriguezz, b. the three Cabreras, two brothers
1690, Lancerote; sister of Isabel and a sister, received from Joa-
quin Antonio Perez de Almazan, of the street going to the Valero

Captain of the Presidio, as their Mission (now Commerce St.).
share, lands bounded N, by the She was head of the 14th famUy.
church property, with a street be- She was buried in San Antonio
tween; S, Antonio de los Santos, January 26, 1779. The Granado
"uncle" of Marcos Cabrera, with home was built in typical style,
an alley between; facing east on with a patio, and arcaded corrid-
the plaza. By an agreement of ors. The furnishings were worthy
June 8, 1747, this land was trans- of the most beautiful of modern
ferred by Joseph Cabrera, who homes, most of them being
was assigned for mUitary service brought from the Canary Islands,
at La Bahia, to Joseph Perez, as heirlooms. There was one
with the approval and consent of painting, an heirloom, of the
his brother and sister. There was Senora de la Limpia Concepcion;
no documentary evidence of this and four others of various sub-
sale in the archives, and the jects. There was a writing desk,
question came up of confiscating inlaid with ivory; a chest decor-
the lands from Joseph Perez, ated with tortoise shell and sU-
when he naturaUy protested and ver; another, of Cordova leather;
requested that he be given full two ornate trunks, with locks and
and legal possession. He had buUt trimmings of silver; six screens,
his house and planted trees, and two rugs and four cushions to
otherwise improved the property, match; and many other more
while the Cabrera had done no- necessary furnishings. The din-
thing to improve it. ing room was beautifully equip-
ped. The widow had a dozen sU-
ver plates, with sUver forks and
GRANADO spoons; a large sUver platter, and
I. Juan Rodriguez Granado d. in numerous pieces of fine china
Veracruz, leaving his widow, Ma- and crystal, decorated with gold.
ria Robaina de Bethencourt, and The hostess must have been
their chilren. She was the charming. She wore jewels wor-
daughter of Manuel and Paula thy of mention for those pioneer
Umpienes (Umpierre), aged 27 days: a rosary and ear rings set
years, according to the November with emeralds; a cross, with
8, 1730 Quatitlan Ust, natives of small stones, and pearl bracelets;
Lancerote; "good figure, slender, a strand of emeralds set in gold;
long face, fair complexion, black five strands of pearls; a pair of
hair and eyebrows, thin nose." garnet bracelets; golden lockets,
As a descendant of the first con- and an ivory fan. She had as
querors and rulers of the Canary well, her cigaret case, which was
Islands, she was without question, of burnished gold.28i According
the social leader of the vUla of to famUy tradition, the widow
3an Fernando de Bexar. Her Maria Robaina de Bethencourt
original grant was on the Plaza had letters to the viceroy, Don
of the Islas, facing west, and Juan de Acuna, Marques de Vale-
north of the Casas Reales, ex- ro, for whom she named her son,
tending east along the south side bom in Quatitlan, Juan de
281 Will of Josefa Granados, January 9, 1787; will of Robaina de Bethencourt, January
5, 1779.
Acuna, later caUed Juan Francis- iii J o s e M a n u e l R a f a e l M a r t i n , b .

1787.
co. iv M a r i a G u a d a l u p e, b . 1789.
1 Pedro, b . 1717, q. s. v J u a n a , m . 1st, 1814, J o s e M a r i a
2 Josefa, b . 1 7 2 0 ; m . P a t r i c i o A n t o n i o Jaime (Pedro and Francisca Enri-
Rodriguez ( S a l v a d or a n d M a r i a P e r e s ques) ; a n d m . 2nd, S a n t o s F l o -
C a b r e r a ) ; s h e w a s buried i n S a n A n - res (Francisco and Candelaria
tonio, A u g u s t 5, 1796. J u a r e s ) , b y w h o m : M a r i a Teresa,
3 P a u l a , b . 1 7 2 2 ; m . J o s e p h P e r e s (Do- b . 1832.
mingo a n d M a r i a G r a n a d o ) . vi M a r i a M a r g a r i t a , b . 1792.
4 M a r i a , b . 1725. vii J o s e L o r e n z o , b . 1793.
5 Manuel F r a n c i s c o , b . 1727; m . 1759, viii M a r i a N e p o m u c e n a F e l i c i a n a, b .
A n a M a r i a Gertrudi s Flores de A b r e - 1796.
go ( J u a n J o s e a n d Nicolasa d e A v i l a ) : ix M a r i a L o r e t o E u g e n i o , b . 1797.
i A n a M a r i a , b. 1762. x J o s e L a u r e a n o , b . 1800; m . 1826,
ii M a r i a Josefa, b . 1763. M a r i a de J e s u s P e n a (Ignacio
6 J u a n de A c u n a , or J u a n F r a n c i s c o , m . a n d M a r i a Luz N a v a r e t t e ) ; p a -
1st, 1754, J u a n a or A n a P e t r a P a d r o n r e n t s of C a r l o t a, m . 1846, R a m o n
(Joseph a n d F r a n c i s c a S a n a b r i a ) ; she de l a G a r z a (Isoylan a n d M a r i a
d. t h e s a m e y e a r . He m . 2nd, 1758, Ma- G e r o n i m a Meties) ; F e r n a n d o , b .
r i a Isabel d e Castro (Miguel a n d M a - 1827; m . 1851, M a r i a C a s i m i r a de
ria Hernandez) : de la G a r z a ; M a r i a Luz, b . 1830;
i J u a n a M a r i a , conf. 1759. M a r i a Concepcion, b . 1 8 3 2 ; a n d
ii M a r i a Josefa, b . 1759; m . 1776, M a r i a A n t o n i a . b . 1834.
Fernando Veramendi; m . 2nd xi M a r i a T e r e s a , b . 1804; m . 1820,
( ? ) J u a n M a r t i n de A m o n d a r a i n . Pablo Peres Casanova (Miguel
iii J o s e Miguel, b . 1760, d. y . and Maria Sandis).
iv J o s e M a t e o , b. 1761. 3 F r a n c i s c o , b . a t t h e Adaes, m . Mace-
v M a r i a d e l a T r i n i d a d, b . 1764. donia (Seledonia) Peres.284
vi P a u l a de la E n c a r n a c i o n , b . 1765.
vii M a r i a M a n u e l a de J e s u s , b . 1766. i n . Maria Josefa (ii, daughter of
viii A n t o n i a Josefa E u l a l i a , b . 1 7 7 1 ;
m . 1797, Joseph A l e j a n d r o G o r t a r i
Juan de Acuna, b. 1759); probably
(Miguel a n d Polonia T r a v i e s o ) . m. 2nd, Juan Martin de Amonda-
ix J u a n J o s e , b. 1768. rain, who was guardian of the
M a r i a A n t o n i a , b. 1 7 7 3 ; m . F r a n -
cisco V i l l a r e a l ; p a r e n t s of M a r i a minor heirs of Fernando Veramen-
I g n a c i a , a r d M a r i a G u a d a l u p e,
b . 1779. di, and who was declared unfit to
7 Polonia ( ? ) m . J o s e ph " d e el C a n a -
r i o , " before 1749. H e w a s a S p a n i a r d ,
remain such guardian.285
n a t i v e of t h e C a n a r y I s l a n d s , accord- V. Maria Josefa (U, daughter of
i n g to t h e B . A.282
The widow, Maria Robaina de
H. Pedro (1), b. 1717; d. April 11, Bethencourt, m. shortly after her
1784; Sargeant; m. Maria de Je- arrival in San Antonio, Martin Lo-
sus Ruiz, from the Presidio of the renzo de Armas. The Granado
Adaes. Pedro Granado was also children were aU of fair comple-
a tutor at the Presidio of Rio xion, with reddish or Ught chest-
Grande.283 nut hair, except Paula, who Uke
1 M a r i a A n t o n i a , m . 1st, F r a n c i s c o de
Castro, s o l d i e r ; m .2nd, 1798, A l e j a n -
her mother, had contrasting black
dro Idalgo ( J u a n J o s e a n d C a n d e l a r i a hair and eyebrows.
de Bosques, n a t i v e of t h e A d a e s ) . T h e r e
is record of o n e J u a n Bosque, a F r e n c h - By deed of gift, dated June 12,
m a n , b . 1735, m . J u a n a R a m 6 n , b . a t
L a J u n t a , 1765.
1779, the "widow Granados" trans-
2 Jose Manuel, b. a t the A d a e s ; was ca- ferred to her daughter, Gertrudis
bo, a n d I n d i a n expert, h a v i n g visited de Armas, part of her original
t h e T a h u a c a n e s s e t t l e m e n t s, F e b r u a r y .
1803; m . 1st .Maria J o s e fa P e r e s ( B a l - grant as a first settler. The lot
tazar and Rosalia Flores) ; a n d m .
2nd, M a r i a B a r b a r a de la Z e r d a : S. P . was 10 by 20 v., with one jacal;
By t h e 1st m . :
i F r a n c i s c o (there is record of F r a n -
it was situated between the home-
cisco G r a n a d o w h o m . Macedo- stead and the Casas Reales (Sp.
n i a P e r e s ; w i t h a s o n : J u a n de
Dios, b . 1 7 9 1 ; see B a l t a z a r P e - Ar., H, 41).
r e s ) : see n o t e following.
ii P e d r o J o s e , b . 1786. With the settlement of the es-
282 B . A., J u l y 23, 1749, Mederos T r i a l .
283 B A 2-2-1773.
284 See A b o v e ; B . A . , 1793, " E x p e d i e n t e . " N o . 89.
285 His f l i g h t a n d subsequent d e c l a r a t i o n , i n B . A., October 2 3 , 1794; see also Dec. 20,
1790.
tate of Maria Robaina de Bethen- the comer of the street which ran
court, June 7, 1781 (her wiU dated from the plaza to the bridge of
January 5, 1779), the oldest son Valero, bounded N, house of Ma-
Pedro, purchased the interests of nuel Yturri, and S by the Govem-
the others in the homestead; that ment House and property. In 1839
is, "eleven varas, with a stone Laureano Granado and his mother,
house on the comer of the plaza Josefa Perez, the 1st wife of Jose
of the vUla, and the street going Manuel Granado, sold the property
to the Upper Labor." The Grana- to Ramon Muzquiz, very Ukely Ra-
do ranch, on the other side of the mon Eca y Muzquiz, who was the
Cibolo Creek, was called "San An- last of the governors of CoahuUa
tonio del Cibolo." It was bounded and Texas, 1835.286 The first Con-
on the E by the ranch of Vizente gress of the RepubUc of Texas
Alvarez Travieso. BasUio Lorenzo granted the widow of Deaf Smith
de Armas sold his interests in the her choice of any confiscated pro-
Palo Quemado ranch, to his sister, perty in San Antonio. She chose
Antonia; they were chUdren of this prominent comer, and began
the "widow Granado" by her 2nd a great controversy.
husband, Martin Lorenzo de Ar- LORENZO DE ARMAS
mas, who received the Palo Que-
mado as a grant. I. Ignacio and Martin Lorenzo
de Armas, single men, who, with
On November 14, 1786, Maria An- the Peres brothers, were consider-
tonia Granado transferred her in- ed as a famUy. They were the sons
terests in the homestead to her of Roque Lorenzo de Armas and
brother Joseph Granado. Their Teresa de Aviles.
father, Pedro, left a wUl dated Ignacio Lorenzo de Armas was
1784. The site was then described born in the Canary Islands ca
as having 9 v. front on the plaza, 1706; "good height, long face,
bounded S, property of Joseph Se- dark complexion, thin nose, black
guro (who m. Gertrudis de Armas), eyes, beard and eyebrows and hair,
and the Casas Reales; and at the pitted with the small-pox, several
back, from W to E, by property of moles between the nose and the
the heirs of Juan Casanova, who left cheek." He m. Ana Cabrera
was an heir of Paula Granado, the (Juan and Maria Rodriguez):
1 Juana, m. 1759, Joseph Damaso de Al-
1st wife of Joseph Antonio Perez- dape, a soldier from the Presidio de
Casanova. N. S. de Loretto de la Bahia (Fran-
cisco Xavier and Francisca Rojas San-
Second Lieutenant Joseph Gra- ches).
2 Vicenta, b. 1746, d. y.
nado occupied the homestead for 3 Maria de la Candelaria, b. 1749.
forty-eight years (see Insurgents 4 Maria Teresa, b. 1752; m. 1st, Fran-
cisco Casanova (Joseph and Paula
list of 1813, item 5). By his wUl, Granado): m, 2nd. 1777, Manuel Ber-
wiU dated 1825, with protocole dat- ban, whose 1st wife, Josefa Rodriguez
was dec'd, by whom:
ed April 25, 1826, his son Jose Lau- i Jose, m. 1811, Maria Guadalupe
Ruy (Tiburcio and Maria Josefa),
reano, single and aged 23 years, of Parras.
enherited the property. It was 5 Ana Paula.
6 Juan Bautista.
then described as being situated 7 Juan Agustin.
on the Plaza, adjoining the Gov- The original town grant to Ig-
emment House, and mnning to nacio Lorenzo de Armas was locat-
286 Laureano's elder brother, Francisco, m. Maria Anna Buchot; his will is dated Feb-
ruary 18, 1867; it was witnessed by Antonio Menchaca, J. F . Minter and N. M. Lewis.
ed on the west side of the Plaza sanova came from Paris, and that
de las Islas, facing east on the Benito came from Barcelona. An-
plaza, just north of the church, other family of Casanova settled
with the street rurming from plaza in Cartegena, and it is said that
to plaza, between. This property they are descendants of the prin-
was sold in 1778, to Joseph de la cipal famUy at Genoa, who were
Santa, a merchant of San Anto- nobles and gentlemen. There was
nio. also a branch in Beam. The Casa-
I. Martin Lorenzo de Armas, b. ca nova of Pamplona are the legiti-
1710, Canary Islands; "good height, mate descendants of the Echeverz
broad shoulders, flat face, dark (the Marques de San Miguel de
complexion, flat nose, long eye- Aguayo).
brows, grey eyes, black beard, eye- I. PheUpe and Joseph Antonio Pe-
brows and hair, three moles on the res arrived in San Antonio with
left cheek toward the nose." He the Canary Islanders as single
m. the widow, Maria Robaina de men. They were sons of Domingo
Bethencourt, whose husband, Juan Peres and Maria Granado. PheUpe
Rodriguez, had d. at Veracruz. was b. 1710, Teneriffe; he received
They had: his share of land as first settler,
1 Fermia, b. 1734; d. 1747. with grant on the west side of the
2 Joseph, d. y.
3 Jose Bacilio, m. 1760, Maria Encarna- San Pedro Creek, adjoining the
ci6n del Rio (Antonio Marcelino and
Rafaela de Castro): lands of the mother of Maria Ere-
i Maria del Refugio,
ii Joseph Manuel,
riaca Rodriguez, widow of Domin-
iii Joseph Alejo. go Castelo, who purchased the Pe-
iv Joseph Manuel,
v Antonia. res land in 1772. PheUpe does not
4 Antonia, m. 1757, Joseph Padron (Jo-
seph and Maria Sanabria).
appear to have married.
Martin and his wife Uved in her Joseph Antonio Peres, m. 1st,
home on the plaza. They had a Paula Granado (Juan and Maria
ranch of one league of land called Robaina de Bethencourt); and m.
"San Antonio del Cibolo," and Mar- 2nd, Gertrudis de la Zerda. By the
tin himself, had a rincon or suer- 1st m.:
1 Santiago Domingo, b "ca" 1740; q. s.
te, granted to him as first settler. 2 Francisco Xavier, b. 1746; his god-
His will is dated April 6, 1769. father was Christoval de los Santos
Coy; m. 1770, Teresa de Armas (Ig-
There is a deed of sale dated Feb. nacio and Ana Cabrera).
20, 1783, from Antonia Rosalia de 3 Joseph Guillermo, b. 1747; m. 1776,
Gertrudis Montes dc Oca (Matias and
Armas, widow, to Pedro Jose Te- Josefa):
i Maria Gertrudis, p. 1778.
xada, for the portion 7 by 14 v. ii Joseph Ignacio, b. 1779.
on the plaza. There is a wUl of 4 Clara, b. 1751.
5 Juan Antonio, q. s.
Gertrudis de Armas, dated Feb. 8, 6 Juan Ignacio, b. 1756.
1802. 7 Juan Francisco, b. 1758.
8 Juan Joseph, conf. 1759.
PERES H. Domingo (1), b. ca 1740; enter-
The Casanova fanuly flourished ed mihtary service, 1756; he was
in Spain in the 13th century. Pe- First Cabo in 1779.287 He m. Maria
dro Casanova and Benito Casano- Concepcion de Carvajal (Nicolas
va served under Don Jaime I of and a Catarina Martmez):
Aragon in the conquest of Valen- 1 Maria Francisca de los Dolores, b. 1764;
cia. Tradition says that Pedro Ca- m. 1780, Juan Jos£ de C6rdova (Chris-
toval and Maria Asencion Trejo):
287 B. A., 1779, No. 21.

i Manuela, m. Luis Espinosa (Se-

bastian and Antonia Beltran):
structure with one sala, and a til-
a Jose Antonio Luis, b. 1800. ed roof. There was a Uving room
b Jose Maria, b. 1802. to the south, of adobe, and an-
c Jose Andres, b. 1814.
2 Maria Barbara, b. 1766. other of stone to the north. A
3 Juan Ignacio, q. s.288
4 Manuel Salvador, b. 1769. smaUer structure to the west, was
5
6
Joseph Manuel, b. 1770.
Joseph Maria, b. 1772.
used as a kitchen. In 1826 Cleto
7 Maria Trinidad, m. 1804, Joseph An- inherited this home from his
tonio Hernandez (Francisco and Ra-
faela de Avila). mother, along with other property,
8 Maria Ildefonsa, ra. 1787, Jose Maria
de Jesus Escalera (Felipe and Guada-
including a house and lot at the
lupe de L e o n ) : Espada mission.
i Jose Maria de Jesus, b. 1809; m. Juan Antonio, m. 2nd, 1759, Jua-
Maria Lino Leal (Melchor and
Rosal ia Zepeda). na Gertrudis de la Zerda, and they
9 Jose Nicolas b. 1775.
10 Antonia Manuela Juana, b. 1776. had six ch., of whom Maria Igna-
11 Maria Telesfora, b. 1779; m. (?) Jo-
se Maria Escalera (?Manuel Concep-
cia, m. previous to 1782, Bonifacio
cion Cervantes). Hernandez.
12 Juana Maria, b. 1781.
13 Manuel Ignacio, b. 1783. HI. Juan Ignacio (3), bapt. July
According to the Leonardo de la 16, 1761; was a Lieutenant Col-
Garza Notes, Antonio Peres, who onel in the Spanish Army. He d.
m. Josefa Falcon, was a descend- 1823, and was buried October 7,
ant of Domingo Peres, though the in the Purisima Concepcion chapel
notes do not trace the descent. He, of the Parish church of this city.
Antonio Peres was the son of An- He m. 1781, Clemencia Hernandez
tonio Peres, who d. April 8, 1848, (Placido and Rosalia Montes); she
leaving as his widow, Josefa Cour- was buried by Curate Refugio de
biere (she m. 2nd, Manuel Flores). la Garza, June 25, 1825. Ignacio
n . Juan Antonio (5), b. 1853; his and Clemencia had:
godmother was Maria Robaina de 1 Jose Ignacio, q. s.
Bethencourt; he m. Maria Josefa 2 Gertrudis, b. 1790; m. 1st, Antonio
Cordero, the Governor; he d. in Mexico,
de la Garza: and she m. 2nd, 1828, Jose Cassiano.
3 Concepcion, b. 1795.
1 Maria de la Encarnacion, b. 1783. 4 Adopted: Jose Antonio Peres.289
2 Jose Alejo del Carmen, b. 1785.
3 Maria Josefa, b. 1789; m. 1812, Jose
Antonio Leal (Juan Ramon and Mag- IV. Jose Ignacio (1), bapt. Oct. 2,
dalena).
4 Francisco Mariano, b. 1792.
1786, aged 8 days; (?) d. October
5 Maria de Jesus, b. 1797. 26, 1852; buried at the Medina
6 Jose Dolores. ranch, Sunday, June 2, 1861; m.
7 Jose Cleto, b. 1802; killed by thieves
in 1843; m. 1826, Francisca Barrera May 30 1812, by Curate Jose Da-
(she m. 2nd, 1847, Juan Jose Casillas;
she was daughter of J u a n and Maria ria Zambrano, to Maria Josefa
Antonia Sandoval):
i Maria Antonia, b. 1827.
Cortinas, b. 1786, daughter of Jo-
ii Francisco Antonio, b. 1830. se and Gertrudis de la Zerda; they
iii Juan Nepomuceno, b. 1842. had ch. (b. 1812-1824) :290
Their homestead was situated
1 Ignacio.
on the Calle de la Acequia Ma- 2 Jesus, m. daughter of the Cabo, Mon-
dre, across from the home of Mar- t e s : ch. living in the house of Vivian
Uron, according to Antonio Peres.
tin Veramendi. It was a stone 3 Maria Trinidad.291.
288 Maria Dolores Ayala y Mier, of Monterrey was the widow of Lieut. Ignacio Peres, ac-
cording to the Inventory of December 20, 1828, Texas Title G, Co. No. 45787, native of Vera-
cruz, buried in San Antonio, Oct. 30, 1828; San Fernando burial record.*
289 Clemente Hernandez, will, dated June 4, 1825.
290 Ignacio Peres, will, dated January 25, 1849; partition to ch., listed herewith; 28
different properties.
291 Ms., by Antonio Peres (who m. Josefa Falcon) ; perhaps ch. of Ignacio, son of Jose
Ignacio (IV)? by a dau. of Enemencio de la Zerda?
4 Maria Josefa de Jesus Anastacia To- "Jacob Linn, m. Maria de Josefa

ribia, b. April 26, 1824; q. s.
5 Ignacio, the younger. Perez, granddaughter of Colonel
6 Concepcion.
Perez. He continued in busmess in
V. Josepha (4), m. Jacob Linn (Da- San Antonio for some time and
niel and EUzabeth Gohnok), b. later entered the stock and ranch-
EgsweUer, Bavaria, November 30, ing business.
1825. "When 8 years of age, Jacob "He died December 8, 1878," and
Linn, in company with his father was buried from the chapel of the
and mother and one sister, left his Santisima Trinidad de Medina. His
homeland, bound for Texas. How- widow died December 23, 1889 and
ever, fate intervened, for Mrs. was buried at the Rancho de Leon.
Linn, his mother, became Ul on Jacob and Maria Josefa ^had:
1 Maria Isabel de la Trinidad, q. s.
the voyage, and died. She was 2 Casimira de la Concepcion, q. s.
buried in mid-ocean, and Daniel VI. Isabel Trinidad (1), b. Decem-
Linn, his father, d. as the voyagers ber 14, 1855; buried July 1, 1891,
reached Port Lavaca. The voyagers from Chapel Purisima Concepcion,
then proceeded to San Antonio Walsh ranch; m. at Leon May 20,
and shortly after their arrival 1883, Santiago Herrera, son of Ma-
here. Miss Linn, his sister, died. nuel Herrera and Maria Rivera, b.
Then Jacob Linn, the only sur- September 19, 1846, baptised Oct-
vivor of the Linn famUy, was ad- ober 4, 1846, according to the Reg-
opted by Father Maynes. Cared ister of Bapt., 1846, p. 112, No. 518;
for as a son, he was given aU the while the m. record, parish church,
possible advantages of an educa- Carmen, of Medina, states he was
tion in English and Spanish by aged 25 years, in 1883, and was the
Father Maynes. After the death son of Francisco Herrera and Lui-
of Father Maynes, Jacob Linn, sa Ramirez. Santiago Herrera was
then a young man, engaged in the buried February 24, 1919, in San
gun making busmess. In those by Fernando Cemetery No. 1, "aged 73
gone days, when every man prid- years, 6 months, 28 days." Isabel
ed himself on possessing as com- and Santiago had:
plete an assortment of arms as his 1 Jacobo Julio Daniel ("John J . " ) , q. s.
means permitted, the gun busmess VH. Jacob, b. Tues. January 3, 1884,
was mos fascinating [In] Posses- bapt. Sept. 23, 1884; d. May 3, 1911,
sion of one of the most completely buried in St. Mary's cemetery; m.
equipped shops then known in the June 12, 1907, Evelyn Elise Heer-
new world, Jacob Linn, gifted with mann, daughter of PeUpe Heer-
the genius of an artist, the guns mann and Jean KuykendaU, FeUpe
and arms there, created by him, or Felix being the son of Theodore,
were the most finished and person of Dr. Lewis Heerman, first of
fect specimens of the gun makers the famUy in America, in the Unit-
art. Here he catered to the rich ed States Navy. According to fam-
and the poor. Here were to be Uy tradition, Jacob Herrera, adopt-
found arms, plain and untrimmed, ed by his maternal grandmother,
but here also, were others display- took the name of Linn. Jacob and
with a rising scale of value, most Evelyn (she m. 2nd, Bryan Mauer-
elaborately designed and beautiful- mann) had:
ly with gold and sUver aU worthy 1 Mary Elise.
of the most fastidious dons of the 2 Hermann Jacob.
land. "VT. Concepcion (2), b. March 4,
1868; m. November 5,1891, Frank T.
Walsh (Patrick and Johanna Swee- other record, Juan Francisco Pe-
ney, who came to Texas from Ire- res, b. 1786, son of Manuel and
land) , b. AprU 19, 1860, in San An- Maria Carmen del Toro, or Maria
tonio. "As a young man Patrick Carmen Soto, m. Maria de Jesus
Walsh was engaged in the con- Leal. The other Juan Peres is al-
tracting and constructing busi- so recorded as having m. Maria de
ness in Texas and Mexico, and Jesus Leal; her parents in both
P. T. Walsh his son, was asso- instances were given as Francisco
ciated with him, contractmg Leal and Francisca Ximenes. Juan
and contracting works for rail- Peres and Maria de Jesus Leal had:
roads in M3exicos" Thje Walsh 1 Remigio, b. 1806; m. 1833, Doroteo de
Estrada (Felix and Josefa Rodriguez):
family are Uving off the Apple- i Jose Felix, b. 1842.
white Road, south of San An- ii Maria Jesusa, b. 1850.
2 J u a n Francisco, b. 1811.
tonio; they inherited the old Pe- 3 Jose Simon, b. 1819; m. 1842, Miguela
Courbiere (Juan Andres and Juana de
rez residence, or Governors' Pa- la Garza); by whom Concepcion, and
lace, which they sold to the City 4
Simon.
Jose Indefonso Remigio, and
of San Antonio. Concepcion and 5 Maria Carlota, twins, b. 1814; m. Jo-
Prank had: se de Jesus Hernandez.
1 Mary. Manuel Peres and Maria Gar-
2 Anita. den del Toro had:
3 Lottie, m. W. A. Mahla:
i Frances Walsh, 1 Jose Manuel, b. 1783; godparents: Jo-
ii Willis, se del Toro and Maria San Miguel.
iii Curtis. 2 Maria Gertrudis Regina. b. 1785; m.
4 Bessie. J. F . Martinez (Miguel and Marcelina
5 Frank T. de Luna).
6 Harry J. 3 Maria Salome Isidora, b. 1791.
7 Edward P.292 Manuel Peres, son of Joseph and
Ignacio Peres, who d. 1860, left Juana de la Zerda, m. 1797, Anto-
a widow, Madelina Menchaca, ad- nia Hernandez (Placido and Rosa-
ministratrix of his estate, and sev- lia Montes):
eral children. His will is dated i Juan Jose, b. 1809.
November 2, 1859. ii Maria Concepcion,
Menchaca.293
m. Manuel
Matias Peres, son of Joseph and When the question of confisca-

his 2nd wife (?Juana) de la Zer- tion of the Joseph Peres lands ac-
da (see note above), m. Juana quired from the Cabrera, came up,
Vargas, probably the sister of Jo- testimony was taken, September,
seph Nicolas Vargas, who m. Ma- 1777, from Joseph Peres, Ignacio
tiana Martinez, with a son Jose Lorenzo de Armas, Juan Leal Go-
Vicente, b. 1769; and Joseph Fran- ras and Vicente Alvares Travieso,
cisco, m. 1816, Maria del Carmen who were all of the same opinion.
Treviho (Bemabe and Maria Jai- Fearing that similar attempts at
me). confiscation might arise in regard
Matias Peres, m. Francisca Cal- to other properties, the foUowing
billo and they had 3 ch., of whom landlords appeared to testify in
Maria Antonia, b. 1792. favor of Joseph Peres: Ignacio L.
Juan Peres, in one record, son de Armas, M. R. de Bethencourt,
of Joseph and Maria Gertrudis de Jos. Padron, Francisco Leal, Bias
la Zerda, who had a daughter, Ma- de Avila, and Francisco Menchaca.
riana Casiana, b. 1809; and in an- Jeseph Peres was finally given sa-
292 Letter from F. T. Walsh, dated February 11, 1931; and family records of Mrs.
Mauermann.
293 See Sp. Ar., G-l, 376: 1848.
tisfactory possession, with the fol- had been Uving in a jacal at the
lowing boundaries noted: N, par- back of the church, and who had
ochial church; E, Acequia Madre; consequently lost his property, when
S, street to creek; and W, Calle the new street was opened (Sp.
Real, from above. This grant was Ar., H, 445). South of this grant
apparently re-estabhshed in part, was another, to Gertrudis San-
in September, 1782, in favor of chez, wid. of Jose Ximenes Cisne-
Juan and Domingo Peres, heirs of ros (Ibid., 323, 568). The NE cor.,
Joseph. Others also participated in at Dolorosa St., was granted to
the origmal tract, at about this Francisco Menchaca (Ibid, TH,
same date. The old Joseph Peres 235). The Perez-Casanova home-
homestead, at the southwest cor- stead remained in possession of
ner of the block, facing S on Do- the Perez-Casanova. It was the E
lorosa St., was inherited by Ger- boundary of the Menchaca grant.
trudis Peres, wife of Jose Cassia- The next was a long strip of land,
no; and in tum, by their son, Ig- extending from the AUey (Galan
nacio Cassiano. The old house was St.), to Dolorosa St., where it
destroyed by fire during the days fronted with 6 v. This was granted
of Ignacio's possession, but his to Domingo Perez, September 15,
father had it rebuUt for him. The 1782 (Ibid., 320). The center of
contract for the new building was the block had been granted by
with Fries and Kampmann, dated Govemor Ripperda, to Pedro Fuen-
April 6, 1852. Fifteen years later, tes. One shallow lot, fronting
1867, Ignacio Cassiano sold the 11 varas on Dolorosa St., was
property to August FretelUere and granted to Bonifacio Hemandez,
Theodore GentUz; then the former September 10, 1782, where he had
sold his interests to James P. his jacal (Ibid., TH, 65). A plot 19
Hickmann, as weU as did GentUz v. deep, fronting on the aUey, was
in time. transferred to Jose Antonio Busti-
On AprU 6, 1778, an origmal Uo y CevaUos by Francisco Perez,
grand was re-granted; and Flores June 8, 1781 (Ibid., 464). Francis-
St., was estabUshed and widened. co Perez retained the plot just S,
Along it, at the SE cor. of Galan east of Bonifacio Hernandez, run-
St., was granted to Ignacio Estra- ning along Dolorosa St., and front-
da, a soldier of the presidio, who ing on the Main Plaza.
CHAVES
FZP ERY ancient was the Chaves famUy of Portugal.

The word chaves means "keys." The arms of this
family are: five keys, reversed, handles down, gold
or silver, on a field of gules (red); or blue on a
field of gold. The following branches of the fam-
ily were estabUshed in Spain: Ciudad-Rodrigo
(Salamanca); TrujUlo (Caceres), from whom are
descended the Counts and Dukes of Noblejas; in
the provinces of Burgos and Taruel.
Gabriel de Chaves y Osorio was a general of the fleet of New Spain,
governor and captam general of the Island of Santo Domingo, and
president of its audiencia; he was of the Une of Ciudad-Rodrigo. Gomes
de Chaves was of the same Une. He went to Peru and m. in Guanuco,
Doha Constanza Tello de Sotomayor.
Maria del Rosario, a niece of the Duke of Osuna (Osuha-TeUez-
Giron), m. 1904, Madrid, Victorien de Chavez y Cistue, Count of Coba-
tUlas. A sister of Maria del Rosario was the 16th Duchess of Medina
de Rioseco, b. 1873, Bordeaux.
The Chaves were among the first settlers of New Mexico. Dennis
Chaves was Senator from New Mexico to the National Congress Wash-
ington, D. C.
In 1794 there were quite a few New Mexico settlers in Nacogdoches,
who apparently came from the Adaes. Among them were Nicolas Cha-
bes (sfc), b. N. Mex., 1770, m. Josefa Flores, of the Adaes, and they
had a daughter aged 8 years; Feliciano Barela, m. Josefa Caro of the
Adaes, with 2 sons; Antonio Cordoba, m. Juana de la Bega, of the
Adaes, with 1 daughter and 1 son; Francisco VUla Alpando, m. Ger-
trudis Resales, of the Adaes, S. P.; Juan Dominguez, m. Maria Santa
Cruz, of the Adaes, S. P.
The first member of the famUy in San Antonio was Don Fran-
cisco Xavier Chaves, b. in New Mexico in about 1760. In the Filiacion,
signed by Governor Manuel Muhoz, San Antonio de Bexar, March 31,
1794, it is stated that he was the son of Ignacio Chaves and Gregoria
Maesse, and that he was bom in the Pueblo of At...co (Ms. torn),
under the jurisdiction of the govemment of New Mexico, aged 26 years.
In his petition for retirement, 1814, he stated that he was 54 years of
age. Ignacio Duran y Chaves was his father. Gregoria Maesse, daughter
of Bartolome Maesse, Sargeant of the Royal Presidio at Albuquerque,
who participated in Indian campaigns, killing many Comanches, was
his mother. Ignacio was the son of Francisco Duran y Chaves and his
wife Juana Baca. Francisco was the son of Fernando Duran y Chaves,
who entered New Mexico as a Conquistador, and who became Alcalde
Mayor of Albuquerque, and his wife Doha Luisa Hurtado, who he mar-
ried in New Mexico. All of these were Spaniards, and generally known
to be of very good standing. The testimony of this descent was by
Pedro PadUla, Toribio and Jose Garcia Jurado, and was given by them
before Manuel de Arteaga, Alcalde Mayor of the Villa and Captam Co-
mandante of its militia, in the Pueblo of Ysleta, jurisdiction of San
PheUpe de Albuquerque, New Mexico, July 12, 1792. It was certified by
Govemor Fernando de la Concha, July 18,1792.
In early youth Francisco Xavier Chaves was taken into captivity
by the Comanche, accordmg to this testimony; though Rodriguez says
in his Memoirs, p. 64, "at the age of 8 years he was stolen by the Lipan
Indians;" and Jose Garcia Jurado testifies he was captured by the
Apaches or Comanches. Family tradition teUs us that an Indian wo-
man who had recently lost her own chUd, adopted him, and thus saved
his life. When the adoptive mother died, however, he was sold to the
Tayuayas.
In the year 1784, through the providence of Almight God, Chaves
was able to escape from captivity among the barbarous Indians of
the North. He entered the presidio of San Antonio de Bexar, where
he estabUshed his home, and married Dona Juana Padron, of the
Canary Island famUy.
In compliance with instructions from Governor Domingo Cabello,
Francisco Xavier Chaves accompanied Pierre Vial in making a treaty
of peace with the powerful and numerous Comanche Nation, who were
so hostUe in the province of Texas. "In 1786 Vial was commissioned by
Domingo Cabello, govemor of Texas, to explore a direct route from
San Antonio to Santa Fe. Setting out on October 4th, with one com-
panion" says Bolton (Texas in the Middle 18th Century, p. 129), "Vial
went north, crossed the Llano and reached the Colorado which he as-
cended for some distance... He ascended the Brazos... crossed over to
the Toavayas vUlages on the Red river... went up the Red River,
a n d . . . reached the Comanche vUlage of Chief Zoquine... westward
up the Red and Canadian rivers, accompanied by Zoquine, and ar-
rived at Santa Fe, on May 26, 1787, AU were friendly and the Comanche
asked for a Spanish settlement on the San Saba or the Pedemales
River, as more convenient and safer trading points than San Antonio."
cnaves met the Indians when they came to the presidio in San
Antonio. He accompanied them on the trail. He served in giving them
presents and as interpreter. For all of this he only received a month-
ly ration of corn, some homespun material, coarse footwear and linen
(un chulo de pane de la tierra, unos calzs de Tripe, una Bretana...),
and two pesos in cash as a private donation from the govemor ad in-
terim, Don Rafael Martines Pacheco; while, as a matter of fact, Cha-
ves had only received these rations since the beginning of the adminis-
tration of Governor Pacheco.
Offering to continue his services, Chaves appUed to the Coman-
dante General, April 80, 1788, for enhstment in the regular army, to
be stationed at San Antonio, with the understanding, however, that
he would not be obhged to do guard duty and the regular miUtary
routine in the barracks. He caUed attention to the fact that he spoke
two Indian languages perfectly; the principal one, of the Comanche,
and the other of the Toboayazes; whUe he understood those of thd
Tahuacanes, Flechazo and Huichitas as weU.
Comandante General Ugalde favorably endorsed this apphcation,

recommending that the govemor of the province appoint Chaves to
the first vacancy of soldier in the presidio of San Antonio de Bexar.
Chaves' apphcation to the Comandante General is dated April 30,
1788; the Comandante's endorsement is dated May 12, 1788. Chaves en-
Usted for a period of ten years, as a regular soldier of the company
of cavalry at San Antonio, on July 2, 1788, accordmg to the FUiacion,
to fiU the place of the deserter, Tomas de Luna.294
On February 22, 1791, Chaves requested the new Comandante Gen-
eral to confirm the order of his predecessor, Don Juan Ugalde, which
exempted him from certain miUtary duties and which only required
him to act as interpreter. This request received the favorable endorse-
ment of Castro, who accordingly made his recommendations to Gov-
ernor Mufioz, December 24, 1791.295
In the same year, 1791, Chaves set out for his native land, New
Mexico, to visit with his family, and procure his necessary credentials.
He was furnished letters of introduction to the Captains of the presi-
dios of the'Rio Grande and of the VUla de San Fernando de CoahuUa,
by Governor Munoz.296 He was weU provided with clothing and the
necessities of the trip, and with presents for the Indians. He started
out with the maU convoy, and on the way, paid his respects to the
Comandante General. Among the Comanches along the route, he was
respected as captain.297
Chaves was granted a three months leave of absence for his trip,
which began on the day that he left the presidio of San Antonio de
Bexar. The necessary official communications for his passport and gen-
eral information, were attended to at Santa Rosa, on March 24, 1792.298
Upon his arrival in New Mexico, Chaves petitioned the governor,
Colonel Don Fernando de la Concha, for an affidavit of his descent
and data regarding his antecedents, which were not known in Texas.
The governor forthwith appointed Captain Manuel de Arteaga, Alcalde
Mayor of the VUla of Albuquerque, to act as judge in the proceedings.
Witnesses Pedro PadiUa, resident of the Plaza del Sausal, Toribio Gar-
cia Jurado, resident of the Partido of Belen, and Jose Garcia Jurado,
same, appeared in due form and ceremony in the Pueblo of Ysleta, in
the jurisdiction of the Villa of San PheUpe de Albuquerque, July 12,
1792, and testified under oath, to the best of their abiUty, regarding
the information asked for. This was the first time since his captivity
that Chaves had been seen by his old friends, says the testimony of
descent.
Immediately after his return from Santa Fe, Chaves caUed at the
dwelling of Govemor Munoz, and gave an account of his trip. He had
been accompanied by Captains Soras, Soquina and others of the same
Comanche Nation.299
294 B. A., August 2, 1788. L. S.
295 Also, B. A., 12-24-1791.
296 "Nacogdoches Archives," September 12, 1781.
297 B. A., 1781.
298 B. A., 3-24-1792, Ramon de Castro.
299 B. A., 10-24-1792.
But Chaves had no more than retumed, when a complain was

lodged agamst him, for trouble caused a priest. This affair however,
came to nothing.soo
Two years later, AprU 1, 1794, Chaves was transferred to the com-
pany of CoahuUa, Presidio of the Rio Grande, under orders of Govemor
Miguel Joseph de Amparan,3oi where he continued in his capacity as
interpreter.
On January 1, 1799, he re-enlisted for a term of four years, ac-
cording to the witnesses, Sargeant San Miguel and Cabo Diego Xime-
nes, mentioned in the Filiacion, signed Carrasco. The following year,
February 21, 1800, Chaves petitioned Govemor Cordero of CoahuUa,
for a transfer from the Royal Presidio of San Juan Bautista del Rio
Grande de Norte, to the Presidio de Bexar, where he had begun his
military career, and where he knew the lands and waters, and where,
moreover, he had his own home. He was deserving of this favor as he
had bhndly obeyed orders, and risked his Ufe many times for H. M.,
in consumating treaties of peace with the barbarous Nations and Co-
manche Indians. Since the death of (Assistant Engineer) Lt. Col.
Don Juan Gutierres de la Cueva, who had been a friend to him, he
found no other hospitahty, and wished to retum to his home in San
Antonio. This petition, written and signed for Chaves by Francisco
Flores, was approved by Govemor Cordero.
Governor Elguezabal of Texas, at the time, 1800, was in need of
an interpreter for the Comanches who came daUy to San Antonio,
frequently requesting that conferences be held with them. He there-
for requested that Chaves be transferred to the Presidio at San Anto-
nio, as he was noted for his skiU in translating both the Comanche
and Tahuaya languages.302
By March 16, 1800, Chaves was again in San Antonio, where he
reported for duty, accordmg to a note signed by Elguezabal, in the
PUiacion. In virtue of a Cedula of March 9, 1808, signed by Lt. Gen.
Antonio Alaguer Feliu y Heredia at Aranjuez, and endorsed at Sal-
tiUo, September 17, 1808, Chaves received a monthly allowance of six
reales silver, in coin of America, for reward in having honorably dis-
charged his duties for three terms of five years each.
Chaves made a written statement, at Bexar, on March 10, 1809,
regarding the encounters he had had with the enemy Indians:
1. During the Rafael Pacheco administration (1787-1790), under
the command of Fernando Fernandes, when they persecuted the Co-
manches at the Cruz del Padre Frai Juan, taking 21 of them cap-
tives;
2. During the Munoz administration (1790-1799), under Lieut. Fer-
nandes, when they pursued the enemy for having broken the arm
of a Spaniard on the Salado, in which they overtook three Taguallas,
who were fleeing with stolen horses, and three others with mules stolen
300 B. A., 11-5-1792.
301 B. A., 1794, "Quademo" 4, "Oficio," 150; and 'Certificio," Jose Menchaca. Capt. of
Cavalry, Company of Agua Verde, retired in the Villa of San Fernando de Coahuila, March
22, 1805.
302 "Borrador," 1799-1801, Item 53. January 8, 1800.
from Don Juan Antonio Urtiaga, which were taken from them upon
their arrival at the presidio of Monclova;
3. Under the same Ueutenant, when they went out to persecute
some Taguallases, who had committed robberies at the ranches, and
whom they overtook on the Rio de Guadalupe, at the Paso de Geroni-
simo;
4. In 1792, during the campaign under Captain Pedro Carrasco, to
the Sierra Guadalupe;
5. In 1795, under the same captam, to the spring of Basillo;
6. Under Lieutenant Griego, during which they had two encount-
ers, the first with the Mescaleros on the Rio Puerco, where Chaves
kUled one of the enemy with his pistol;
7. In the Cavesera de San Pedro at the place caUed San Nicolas,
de los Ensinos, when one warrior was kUled and prisoners taken;
8 With Sargeant Miguel San Miguel, in pursuit of the Indians who
had stolen the mules of Don Juan Antonio Urtiaga; and
9. As evidenced in the five certificates submitted.303
The certificate of Juan Ignacio de Arrambide, 2nd Lieut, of the
company of Bexar, is dated May 1, 1804. Chaves killed one of the
enemy with his gun, and another with his pistol, in the engagement
with the Tuhuayas, in the vicmity of the Rio de San Jacinto, on the
road of the Tahuacano Pueblo.
The certificate of Jose Menchaca, Capt. of Cav., of the company
of Agua Verde, in retirement at the ViUa de San Fernando de Coahui-
la, is dated March 22, 1805. Menchaca knew Chaves since 1794, when
he presented himself with orders from Govemor Emparan, at the Pre-
sidio of Rio Grande, to continue his services as interpreter, untU his
return to the company of Bexar, in February, 1800; it was certam that
Chaves accompanied the govemor during one campaign when they
had two encounters, in one of which Chaves kiUed an enemy in a
hand to hand fight, cutting off his ears, and taking other spoils of
war, which he brought back with him; that he accompanied Chaves
in another campaign in which he distinguished himself on five dif-
ferent occasions, bringmg back the relics of war; and that in another
campaign under Govemor Cordero, with two encounters, Chaves had
conducted himself in an exemplary manner and had remained in good
spirits during many periods of hardships and starvation.
The certificate of Francisco de Amangual, Captain of the company
of La Bahia is dated at the Presidio of San Antonio, February 17, 1808.
During his campaign of February 17, 1788, seven Taguacana Indians,
who had stolen 17 beasts, were overtaken and imprisoned in the Guar-
dia, and the beasts retumed to their owners. Amangual knew Chaves
since 1789. He also caught up with the said Indians at the Arroyo
Blanco. It was also certain that Chaves compUed with orders in over-
taking the Indians who had stolen animals from San Antonio de Va-
lero, opposite Padre Fray Juan's, and that three of the thieves were
Taguallas, that they were imprisoned and the beasts retumed to their
owners.
303 ". . . Ias fusiones que he tenido . . ." Bexar, March 10, 1809.
The certificate of Jose Miguel Musquiz, Lieutenant of the company

of San Antonio de Bexar, is dated at this presidio, February 20, 1808.
Musquiz knew Chaves since 1789. He also testified that Chaves had cut
off the ears of his antagonist in a hand to hand fight; that Chaves
had been present during the campaign of Captain Bernardo Fernandez
of the company of La Bahia, and during another campaign in 1803,
agamst some Englishmen who had attempted to enter this province by
way of the Pueblo of the TaguaUas Nation, when they marched five
months without meeting the enemy; and during the campaign of 1805,
agamst some TaguaUas who had kiUed two inhabitants and captured
one woman on the Rio Medina, when Chaves received a buUet wound
in arm, in a pitched battle, when Chaves proved himself brave and in
good spirits.
The Filiacion mentions for 1795, one six-month campaign, with
one encounter, one warrior kiUed; 1796, one campaign; 1797, one cam-
pagin, two encounters and one warrior kUled; and another campaign;
1798-1799, four campaigns.
In 1813 the Comandante General compUed with a request from
Chaves, Quartel general de Bexar, November 6, 1813, ordering that he
act only as interpreter, with exemption from miUtary services, and
from sleepmg in the barracks, aU of which was in accordance with the
terms of his original appointment of 1788, and as he was now suffer-
ing from poor health, and burdened with a large family.
On March 9, of the foUowing year, 1814, Chaves communicated
with the Comandante General, describing himself as soldier interpreter
of the extinguished company of Bexar, respectfuUy requesting his re-
tirment from service. He caUed attention to the fact that he had
served H. M. since 1787, as could be seen from the documentary evid-
ence submitted; that he was now at an advanced age; and that he was
suffering from Ul health. He also had two sons serving in the recently
formed companies for the defense of the province. He therefore de-
served, he beUeved, permission to retire from active service and rest in
his own home. Two days later, March 11, Chaves entered another ap-
plication for retirement, noting that he had served H. M. in the glor-
ious career of arms for 30 years, one month and ten days, and that he
had taken part in nine*campaigns during which he had engaged in
twelve encounters with the enemy Indians, inflicting punishment on
them, personally kUling three of their warriors in hand to hand fights,
taking two others prisoners, and recovering a large amount of stolen
Uve stock. In virtue of these services, being at the advanced age of 54
years, and having two sons in service, he again requested his retire-
ment, so he could rest in his own home. This petition, Ciudad de Be-
jar, March 11, 1814, was endorsed with Arredondo's refusal, Laredo,
AprU 23, 1814, which Arredondo explained was due to existing cirmus-
tances, and to Chaves' presence in the Capital de Bejar.
In 1820, in accordance with Royal Decree of October 4, 1766, for the
distinction of soldiers of accredited constancy in service, H. M. Fernan-
do VH. granted to Sargeant Chaves, of the company of cavalry, of the
Royal Presidio of La Bahia del Espiritu Santo, an aUowance of 90
reales per month, in consideration of his having honorably discharged
his duties for five terms of five years each. This Cedula is dated Ma-
drid, January 11, 1820. It is signed by Don Pedro Diaz de Ribera; and
endorsed, Mexico, March 23, 1820, Venadito; and SaltUlo, September 5,
1820, Iturbide.
During the year 1822, Chaves communicated with his wife, Micaela
Fragoso, from SaltUlo, informing her that he was stUl awaiting orders
for his transfer. He said that his monthly aUowance was enough for
his support, and that he was stiU able to send some money home. He
particularly requested his wife not to permit the children to leave
school.
In virtue of Cedula signed by Gen. Anastacio Bustamante, Mata-
moros, April 22, 1828, in accordance with Supreme Order of March 27,
1828, and endorsed, Bejar, July 1, 1828, by Erasmo Seguin, Sargeant
Chaves of the Bahia company, received a monthly aUowance of 11214
reales, in consideration of six terms of honorable service, at five years
each.
President Guadalupe Victoria appomted Chaves to the rank of Al-
ferez, for 35 years of service, with a monthly allowance of 135 reales,
beginning one month after the 21st of March, 1822. This appointment
is signed by Guadalupe Victoria, Federal Palace, Mexico, March 27,
1828; and Bejar, July 1, 1828, by Erasmo Seguin. At the same date and
with the same routine, Chaves was promoted to the rank of Lieuten-
ant, in consideration of 40 years of honorable service, with a monthly
aUowance of 260 reales.
June 5, 1829, President Vicente Guerrero placed Chaves on the re-
tired Ust, with rank of Lieutenant, and with monthly aUowance of 26C
reales, for 51 years of honorable service. He was attached to the pre-
sidial company of Bejar. This document was endorsed at Soto la Ma-
rina, July 2, 1829, by FeUpe de la Garza; and at Bejar, August 4, 1829,
by Erasmo Seguin.
At the age of 25 years, Francisco Xavier Chaves was described as
being 5 ft. 5 in. high.
He m. 1st, Juana Padron; and m. 2nd, Micaela Fragoso. By the
1st m.:
1 Margarita, b. 1786; m. 1805, Juan press rider a t Santa Fe for the
Jose Menchaca, son of Diego. Butter Dispatch Co; from whence
2 Maria Antonia Margarita, b. 1788. he came to San Antonio, where
3 Jose Maria Trinidad, b. 1789. he became a teamster of a mule
4 Maria Antonia. freight train, operated by Adams,
5 Jose Ignacio, q. s. Wicks and Hickman. Langtry,
6 Jose Antonio Candido, b. 1800. Texas became his bailiwick; here
7 Maria Gertrudis Eugenia, b. 1801. he was Justice of the Peace and
(?) m. Juan Montes de Oca. self-styled "Law West of the
8 Francisco Antonio de la Cruz, b. 1802; Pecos." He d. March 19, 1903;
(?) m. Juan Montes de Oca. and was buried in the Catholic
i Maria Juana, b. 1831. Cemetery at Del Rio. His wife
9 Jose Miguel, m. 1816, Maria Josefa divorced him, and she m. a g a i n ;
Saucedo (Jose and Juana Calvillo). and d. in San Antonio, November
10 Vicente. 26, 1922, aged 77. By her 1st, m.
11 Leandro, m. 1st, Josefa Carvajal: she had L a u r a ; Zulema, both m.
i Maria Anastacia Virginia, b. 1848; bridge foremen of the Southern
m. October 28, 1866, San Fer- Pacific, and were living in New
nando church records, Roy Bean, Orleans; Sam, stabbed to death _ in
while he was living in the San a saloon a t Del Rio, and buried
Antonio suburb then known as by the side of his father; and
"Beanville". Tradition says he Roy, J r . ; and John, adopted.—
came from Kentucky. He was a Lloyd, Everett, "Law West of the
California '49er; then a Pony Ex- Pecos."
ii Maria del Carmen, m. Jesus Flo- Josefa Martines (Francisco and Nieves
res: P., of whom: Eluterio, fath- Talamantes) mother of Juana, b. 1878,
er of Federico- who m. Antonio Manino, of Palermo,
Leandro, m. 2nd: S. P . ; and m. 3rd, Sicily, parents of Antonio, b. 1916,
H. Jose Ignacio (5), b. Sept. 21 1791; d. of cholera, 1849; m. Maria
Leonarda Montes de Oca (Francisco and Josefa Zambrano). Their
homestead was at the site of the present Robert E. Lee Hotel. They
had 12 ch., of whom:
1. Agustin Sinforiano, b. 1820; m. An- when they captured San Antonio from
tonia Seguin: the Mexicans. The home he then lived
i Agustin. in at the corner of Obraje and North
ii Josefa. Flores St., down which a portion of
iii Maria, m. Pedro de la Garza. the attacking force came, was riddled
2 Erasmo, m. 1869, Antonia Rodriguez with shot, the marks of whim it bore
(Mariano and Josefa Estrada): for many years, as do the rear doors
i Alejandro, m. Ida Beversdorff. of the old Garza building.' Juan Cha-
3 Jose Maria, m. Pilar Rojo: ves, m. Gertrudis Rivas; parents of:
i Ignacio, m. i Richard H.
ii Francisco, m. Mina Young, by ii Fred.
whom: George, (San Francisco, iii Adela.
California). iv Gertrudis.
iii Jose Maria, who had. Joe. Adol- v Ella.
fo, m . : P . ; and Ernest, m . : P . Tomasa, m. Mariano Garcia; 214 W.
iv Margarita, m. George Gibson, by Salinas St.:
whom: Celia, m. Sam Rothwell; i Maria Teresa.
and George, m . : P. ii Ignacio, m. Luvenia Rodriguez;
v Paula; Emerenciana; and Gabrie- by whom: Luis, m. Guadalupe
la, d. y. Mazatlan, of Mexico: Luis; Stel-
4 Juan, b. San Antonio, Feb. 13, 1827; la (m. Robert McCauley: Robert
J u a n Antonio Chaves, says Barnes, and James Luis), and Robert.
lived with his parents on Obraje St., iii Delfina. d.: S. A.
when the Alamo was besieged. "They iv Mariano, m. Agusta Simmang.
fled with him to their Calaveras ranch, v Cecilia.
where they remained until the siege vi Antonio.
was over. He returned in time to wit- vii Luis J.
ness the burning of the bodies of the ix Alejandro.
victims which circumstance he well viii Sophia.
remembers, although he was quite x Amelia.
young. He also remembers the entrance xi Elisa.
into San Antonio of Milam's men xii Enrique.
Francisco Xavier Chaves m. 2nd, after the death of his 1st wife,
Micaela Fragoso, daughter of Estevan Fragoso, Cabo of Squadron, of
the company of cavalry. He was the son of "Francisco Antonio" Fra-
goso and Micaela Hemandez, originaUy from the abandoned Adaes. It
is interestmg to note that "Francisco Xavier" Fragoso accompanied the
Vial expedition, as diarist, which left Santa Fe June 24, 1788 and ar-
rived in San Antonio November 18. Estevan Fragoso m. 1st, Maria Ig-
nacia Quihones, daughter of Joseph Gregorio Quihones by his 3rd wife,
Juana Maria Leal, daughter of Manuel, Canary Islander, and Manuela
Banul. They were the parents of Micaela Fragoso, who m. Chaves.
Estevan Fragoso m. 2nd, Maria Zaragosa Rodriguez. His wUl is dated
March 4, 1819. The property on Dwyer Avenue, SW cor. of Main Plaza,
site of the present Court House, was owned by Maria Leal, daughter of
Manuel, above. It was sold by the Fragoso grandchildren to Mr. Dwyer,
who m. Mariana Leal, and was their residence. Francisco Xavier Cha-
ves and Micaela Fragoso had:
1 J u a n Manuel Eduardo, b. 1822. Mexico, by whom: Maria Virgi-
2 Jose Noverto Doroteo, b. 1823; q. s. nia, Antonia (a nun), and Aure-
lio, Jr., who m. a Villareal-Bell;
3 Miguel. and William: 2 sons, in Laredo.
4 Candida, m. Mariano Galindo: Pedro, b. in the Chaves home on Main
i Maria Antonia, m. Joseph Henry Plaza and Quinta St.; a farmer, rent-
(William and Conaolacion Aro- ing lands from Mariana Leal Dwyer.
cha) ; and had three ch.: Anita, on the S bank of the river, Probandt
m. Leopol Io Santa A n a ; Virginia, St., near the site of the S. A. P. de-
m. Aurelio Gonzales, of Monterrey, pot.
D. ANTONIO OLAGUER FELIU Y HEREDIA,
Caballero de la Real y distingmda Orden Espaiiola de Carlos III,
Teniente General de los Reales Exercitos, del Consejo de Estado,
Secrctario de Estado y del Despacho Universal de la Guerra de
Espaiia e Indias.
Porquanto J/O Uto'SCt*- Ci?flf/ / / / 6 !'e>.r, J a / J " ?•} J c I X c I *>
I'm hiXitat^Jx./?.^....<c a,c, :C>^ *> , . > '

••*:..; iflhTel
ux -. -v
• ha cumpWo-en el semcio tres tiempos de a cjnco anos honradamente, sin descrclon, uso de
licencia absoluta, ai haber incurndo en iealdad, hadendosc acreedor al prcmio y xespcctiva
ventaja dccbrada en cl Real Decreto dc 4 de Octubre de 1766: Por tanto manda S. M.
que cn virtud de esta Cedula, de que sc tomara razou cn los Oficios de Real Hacienda a
que corresponda, devolvlendo la original 11 la Parte, se le asiita desde el dia cn qut se to-
me la razon con sels reales de plata , moneda dc America , al mes sobre su prest, conforms
a lu picveniJo cn la Orden general dc ao de Agosto dc 1773; y que cn su Cuerpo y en los
demas do! Escrcito sc le trate con la distincion y aprccio a que supo haccrse acreedor por su
constancia y honradcz, segun sc prevtcne cn cl citado Real Decrcto; que asi es la voluntad
de S. M. DJ-JO en J t )liXi_A*U£'Z' -*. H TiUC'L^C - - - d e * < r 'X'Z<-'-.
de mil ochocicntos Y < / ', >
•
^2t J
XXz'i^j (yXct/L-r-'
n . Jose (2), b. 1823; m. Josefa ing one Vicente Gomes, the young
ViUa Alpando: 11 ch., of whom: brother of Maria Encarnacion Go-
1 Francisco, m. Adelina Perez (Tomas
and Maria Jesus Delgado): mes, who was poor and without
i Herminia, m. Adam S. McClellan
(Joseph and Vicenta Guerrero),
any means of support.304
by whom: Adam E., m. Dorothy The partition of the Francisco
Allien: 2 sons; Albert D., m.
Margaret Fisher: 2 sons; and Xavier Chaves estate took place
Mary R.
ii Albert, m. Hulda Opperman (Ru-
in Bexar, September 18, 1832.305
dolph and Lena Pfeil). The Micaela Fragoso Chaves will
iii Rudolph.
2 Micaela, m. Nathaniel Henry (William
is dated 1849.
and Consolacion Arocha): Many interesting accounts of
i Consolacion, m. Silverio Valdes:
P. the colorful biography of Fran-
II. Pedro (5), m. 1853, Concep- cisco Xavier Chaves have been
cion Enriques, b. 1835, whose published. See the San Antonio
mother was Antonia Gamez of La Express, December 15, 1907; and
Villita: the Twentieth Century History of
Southwest Texas, I, 453, for ex-
1 Felicidad. ample.
2 Pedro.
3 Benicio.
4 Federico. MONTES DE OCA
5 Dominga.
6 J u a n Jos-£. This family, according to the
7 Esteban, b. Nov. 28, 1863, at 825 S. Rodriguez Memoirs, came to San
Flores St., next to SW cor. of Guada-
lupe St., His reminiscences are used Antonio "with the Monterrey
throughout this genealogy.
8 Pedro Luis, b. Aug. 25, 1867; d. June colonists."
7, 1917; a. s. I. Matias Montes de Oca, from
9 Francisco, d. y.
the City of Mexico, was a soldier
m . Pedro (8), b. 1867; m. Jan. 1, at the Adaes. He came to San
1889, Mary Ann Murnin (James Antonio in 1735. He was a tailor.soe
"Monroe" and Casimira Herrera): He m. 1750, Josefa de la Gar-
1 Luis, m. Stella Herrera (Rafael and
Maria del Refugio de la Zerda): za:
i Herminia. 1 Juan, b. 1751.
ii Maria Luisa. 2 Joseph Francisco.
iii Gloria. 3 Maria Gertrudis, b. 1754; m. 1777, Jo-
2 Alfredo M., m. Margarita de la Garza seph Peres (Josepn and Paula Grana-
(Lucas and Rafaela Canamar): do).
i Alfred G.. m . : S. P. 4 Rita Gertrudis. b. 1756.
ii Rudolph, 5 Antonio, b. 1759.
iii Marguerite,
iv Rudolph.
3 Maria Antonia, b. December 3, 1895, I. Juan Joseph Montes de Oca,
q. s.
IV. Maria Antonia (3), b. 1895; son of Lucas (from the Island of
m. March 6, 1920, Jesus Saldana: Cuba), and Petraca de Ortega, b.
1 John Jesse, b. October 28, 1920. 1720, came to San Antonio in
2 William Wilfred, b. 1922.
3 Joseph Milton, b. 1930.
1741.307 He received a grant in
Francisco Xavier Chaves must April, 1751, when he stated that
have been a very generous man, he had made several trips at his
for with all of his own children, own expense to bring the Indians
he took upon himself the respon- into the Holy Church. His m.
sibility of supporting and educat- 1742, is recorded in the San Fer-
304 In the Ciudad of San Fernando de Bejar, Department of the Free State of Coahuila
and Texas, December 16, 1825, before Juan Martin de Beramendi, constitutional first Al-
calde of the said city; signed Mariano Gortari, Secretary of the Ayuntamiento.
305 "Yjuela que manifiesta el reparto echo en favor de Da. Micaela Fragoso, y las sinco
hijos en el modo y forma qe en ella se expresa de la casa mortoria del finado Franco Chaves.
306 B. A., 1738. Sandoval Testimony; and 1749, Mederos Trial.
307 B. A., "Visita," 1762; and "Diligencia," No. 55.
nando church archives; his wife Francisco, m. Margarite Turner

(New Y o r k ) ; Enrique: P . (Mex-
was Marcela de la Pena (Manuel ico City) ; and Jesusa. m. Ma-
and Manuela de Castro), of Coa- nuel Sanchez (202 W. Euclid S t . ) :
7 ch.
huila, wid. of Alonzo Pareda. iv Josefa, m. Juan Jose Rosas; by
whom: J u a n J o s e: P. (Durango) ;
They had 12 ch.; of whom: Estevan: P . (Durango): Maria,
1 Maria Manuela, b. 1747; m. Juan de m. Casablanca; and Hermenegil-
Arocha (Francisco and Juana Curbe- do, (Durango).
lo). v Anna, m. Benjamin Guerrero.
2 Marcos, b. 1751; killed by the Coman- (San Antonio); by whom: En-
ches; m. 1773, Margarita Ximenes (Jo- riqueta. Benjamin, Carlos, Maria
seph and Dolores Flores de -\brego): Teresa, Rodolfo, and others.
2 daughters, and: 7 Helena, a nun in the Ursuline Con-
i Joseph Joaquin, b. 1776. vent.
3 Ana Teodora, b. 1756; m. Joseph Joa-
quin Flores (Francisco and Rosa Her-
IV. Jose Alejo (3), b. 1824; m.
nandez). Clara Nunez, of El Paso:
4 Joseph Manuel, b. 1757; m. (?) Fran- 1 Romualdo Alejo de Jesus, b. 1852; m.
cisca Cervantes: P . (410 Durango St.).
i Jose, m. 1821, Maria de Jesus 2 Juana, b. 1853; m. 1st. Maria Fernan-
Dias (Santiago and Dorotea Mar- do de la Garza: S. P . ; m. 2nd, Paulo
tines). Persia.
5 Francisco, q. s. 3 Felix, m. 1st. Lorenzo Scheley.
4 Maria, m. Francisco Flores.
n . Francisco (5), whose will is 5 Clara, m. a Rivas: P .
6 Jesus.
dated 1824; m. 1st, Maria Luisa 7 Josefa, m. a Quintanilla: P .
Menchaca; and m. 2nd, 1775, Jo- Francisco Montes de Oca had a
sefa Zambrano (Macario and Jua- daughter Ignacia, who m. Juan
na Ocon y Trillo). By the 1st m.: Jose Falcon, b. 1765.
1 Maria Josefa,. b. 1772.
By the 2nd, m.: 15 ch.; of DEL RIO
whom: Diego de los Rios, from the pre-
2 Maria Josefa. b. 1780; m. 1805. Fran- sidio of La Bahia, and his wife,
cisco Flores.
3 Juan Jose Maria, q. s.
4 Jose Francisco, b. 1785; m. Encarna-
Josefa de la Garza, were wit-
cion Delgado (Clemente and Maria nesses in San Antonio in 1735.
Saucedo): 2 daughters and Jose Maria Matias del Rio and Paula Sier-
Eulalio, b. 1810.
5 Maria Antonia Seledonia, b. 1791; m. ra had Jacinto, soldier, m. Jose-
1828, Manuel Cadena (Juan and Ma-
ria Falcon). fa Flores (Jose Francisco and
6 Maria Leonarda, b. 1729; m. Ignacio
Chaves (Francisco Xavier and Juana
Juana Padron), parents of Pablo
Padron). Antonio, b. 1803 and Maria Anto-
HI. Juan Jose Maria (3), b. De- nia Mauricia; and Jose Antonio
cember 16, 1782; m. April 20, 1818, Luz, b. 1784, m. Gertrudis Carmo-
Gertrudis Chaves (Francisco Xa- na (Francisco and Catarina de
vier and Juana Padron): Estrada), parents of Maria Anto-
1 Jose Antonio Doroteo, b. 1819; m. Ger-
trudis Ramires: S. P .
nia, b. 1808 and Jose Simon.
2 Jose Maria, m. 1848, Susana Indo (Ma- Antonio Marcelino del Rio and
nuel and Maria Casiana Zambrano):
i Manuel, m. 1st, Ignacia Tala- Rafaela de Castro had 8 ch., of
mantez; by whom: Jose Maria,
d. in France: S. A . ; and Victo-
whom Encarnacion, m. 1760 Basi-
toria. b. in F r a n c e : S. A . ; m. lic Lorenzo de Armas (Martin and
2nd, Bruna de la Garza: S. P . Maria R. de Bethencourt).
ii J u a n : S. A.
3
4
Jose Alejo, q. s.
Juana Francisca, b. 1827; m. 1st, Jo-
Xavier de los Rios and Tomasa
se de la Garza Trudot (?) : S. P . ; and de la Garza had 4 ch., of whom:
m. 2nd, Jose Flores: S. P. Ernestacia, m. 1751, Christoval
5 Carmen, m. Jose Antonio Cadena.
6 Maria de Jesus, b. 1831; m. Estevan Peres (Antonio and Gertrudis
de la Garza:
i Pedro, m. Maria Chaves: S. P . Inolosa); and Juan Ignacio, conf.
ii Amelia, d.: S. A.
iii Elena, m. Francisco Hoyos: 19
1759, who m. Isabel Cadena,
ch (Mexico City) ; of whom: Seve- parents of Francisco Antonio and
ra, m. Epitacio Mondragdn: P . ;
Elena, m. Nestor Martines: P . ; Jose Antonio, m. Casiana Mansolo
(Jesus and Juana Cervantes), ily in the center of San Fernando.

parents of Jose, Clara, and Anto- He received a square of 40 v.,
nia, m. 1823 Faustino Martines bounded W, Ausencio Guadalupe;
Sotomayor (Julian and Victoriana E, and N, by river; S, Marcelo de
Barrios). Estrada, with the Calle Real be-
ESTRADA tween. Witnesses to this grant
Francisco de Estrada, who re- were Juan Banul, Felipe Valdes
ceived a grant in 1739, and Maria and Joseph Antonio Escalante,
Josefa Longoria had Joseph An- residents of the VUla. Simon de
tonio, Ignacia (m. 1747, Luis Pe- Aragon m. Maria Andrea Morillo,
res), and Mariana, who m. 1st, before coming to San Antonio;
1744, Joseph de Carvajal; and m. they had: Juan Santos, m. 1st,
2nd, 1748, Baltazar Peres; Joseph 1776, Maria Casilda de la Garza,
Antonio, above, m. 1748 (?) Clara from the Adaes, daughter of
de Camacho (Angulo) and they Francisco Jesus and Maria Mar-
had Maria Concepcion. garita de la Zerda; m. 2nd, Clara
Manuel de Estrada and Maria Solis, and they had Jose Jesus, b.
Saenz had Juan Ignacio, who 1784.
came to San Antonio ca 1737, SOTO
from San Jose del Parral, m. 1757, I. Marcos Alejandro Soto m. Pe-
Antonia de Castro (Miguel and trona Micaela de Urtado y Men-
Maria Hemandez), and had Jo- doza:
sefa who m. 1787, George de los 1 Joaquin Silvestre, q. s.
Santos. II. Joaquin (1), m. 1st, 1748,
Enrique de Estrada, from Lam- Rosa Padron (Joseph and Fran-
pasos, and Margarita Romero, of cisca Sasabria); m. 2nd, after her
Natchitoches, had Juan Asencio, death, 1780, Rosalia Guerrero,
who m. Maria Castaneda, parents daughter of Cayentano and Ana
of Maria Leonicia, b. 1812; and Hemandez; widow, 1st, of Fran-
Jose Felix, who m. 1st, Maria Jo- cisco Sanches, and 2nd, of Pedro
sefa Valdes, parents of Rosa, Leal. By the 1st m.:
1 Silvestre Manuel, b. 1749; q. s.
probably d. y.; who m. 2nd, Maria 2 Maria Francisca, conf. 1759.
3 Maria Dolores, b. 1764.
Josefa Rodriguez (Salvador and 4 Jose Joaquin Jesus, b. 1772.
Maria Luisa Guerrero), parents of HI. Silvestre Manuel (1), m. 1st,
Jose Manuel, b. 1809, Maria Ra- Polonia Trevino (?); and m. 2nd,
mona and Trinidad, probably m. Maria Antonia Ximenes, by
Jose Flores; and who m. 3rd, Ca- whom:
simira Casanova, of Natchitoches, 1 Jose Asencio, b. 1783.
2 Jose Vicente, b. 1784; q. s.
parents of 4 ch, all of whom were 3 J u a n de la Cruz, b. 1791.
d. by 1822, the time of their IV. Vicente (2), m. 1823, Casilda
father's d. Guerra (Chris, and Juana Alma-
ARAGON guey):
1 Juan de Mata, b. 1827.
Simon de Aragon, a soldier at 2 Juan Manuel, b. 1830.
the Adaes, came to San Antonio I. Gregorio Soto, of Laredo, m.
in 1737. He received a grant in Maria de Jesus Trevmo, sister of
1769. At that time he stated that Alejandro Trevino:
he had left the service on account 1 Concepcidn, m. Francisco Ruiz.
2 Trinidad.
of poor health and old age. He 3 Casimira.
wished to hve and raise his fam- 4 Agustin.
5 Gregorio, q. s.
n . Gregorio (5), m. Teresa Se- DEL CASTILLO

guin (Juan N. and Gertrudis): I. Pasqual del Castillo, from the
1 Maria Gertrudis Jesus, b. 1850.
2 Miguel, b. 1852. ViUa of Tulanzingo, m. Felipa
3 Jose Gregorio. b. 1854.
4 Teresa. Ximenes:
1 Francisco Antonio, q. s.
SALINAS 2 7 Pedro, m. Encarnacion del Rio:
i Maria Juliana, b. 1784.
I. Joseph (Francisco) Salinas, ii Mariano, b. 1789.
the Alferez, b. ca. 1722, came to LT. Francisco Antonio (1), m.
San Antonio in 1742 (B. A., 1762); 1760, Juana Francisca Maldonado
m. Margila Chirino, and their (Jose Antomo and Ana Maria Xi-
daughter Josefa m. 1811, Manuel menes) : 5 ch., of whom:
1 Joseph, q. s.
Monjaras, the Cabo. i n . Joseph (1), m. Florencia de
Domingo SaUnas m. Francisca la Zerda (?Bernardo and Rosa de
Camacho, and their daughter Ce- Urrutia): 4 ch. of whom:
cilia m. Manuel Barrera (Juan 1 Antonio, m. 1822, Maria Candida Her-
nandez (Francisco and Refugia Va-
and Gert. Ximenes). dila).
2 Jose Bernardo, q. s.
Joseph Salinas m. Margarita IV. Jose Bernardo, m. Maria Es-
Menchaca: tefana Jesus Ximenes (Jose Ma-
1 Pedro Xavier, m. Josefa Padr6n:
i Refugia, m. Manuel, a French- ria and Rosa de la Garza):
m a n ; by whom: Maria Luisa, b. 1 Maria Petra, b. 1819.
1815. 2 Maria Asencion.
ii Maria Refugia, m. Estevan Gon- 3 Jose Manuel, b. 1825.
zales (Miguel and Petra Hernan-
dez) ; by whom: Jose Leonardo,
Antonio del CastiUo m. Floren-
b. 1817 cia Flores, and their son Dionicio
2 Jose Francisco, m. Josefa de U r a g a ;
they had 5 ch. (b. 1775-1788). m. Juana Francisca Musquiz (Mi-
3 Francisco Manuel, b. 1752; d. 1820; m.
Maria Ignacia Flores (Juan Jose and
guel and Catarina Gonzalez),
Leonor Delgado): 10 ch., of whom: parents of Jose Jesus, b. 1813.
i Jose Maria Jesus, b. 1797; m.
Teresa Arriola; parents of Jose
Maria, b. 1830; m. in Mexico: AMADOR
Emilio, Jose. Urbano. Virginia
(m. Caranza), and Guadalupe (m.
Ybarra).
I. Vicente Ferrer Enrriques, son
ii Maria Ana Marcelina, b. 1807; of Ignacio Xavier Alejo Enrriques
m. 1827, Agustin Barrera (Juan de Amador and Maria Nicolasa
and Encarnacion Pulido).
iii Pablo, m. 1st, 1818, Maria Ma- de Soto, of Zelaya, came to San
nuela Saucedo (d. 1824, Jcse An-
tonio and Manuela Flores): by Antonio from Zelaya in 1756; he
whom: Jose Francisco Teodoro,
b. 1822; and Jose Manuel Basilio;
m. Manuela Banul (Juan and
and m. 2nd, Teodora Dias ; by Maria Garcia). According to the
whom: Felipe Jesus, b. 1829; and B. A., 6-3-1778, their residence in
Maria Jesus Carmen.
4 Maria Margarita ,b. 1758; m. 1772, San Antonio was a httle frame
Joseph Antonio Bustillos.
5 Jose Antonio, m. Francisca del Raso: house. He received a lot, as a
i Jose Mariano, b. September, 1773,
on the Adaes Road; m. 1797, Ma-
grant, July 16, 1762; and another
ria Josefa Peres (Juan and Maria lot, July 26, 1771. He was in
Gert. Rodriguez) ; by whom: Jo- charge of the Valero Mission
se Maria Encarnacion, b. 1798.
ii Jose Antonio, b. 1784. lands when they were granted
iii Juan, b. 1787.
(1793). Vicente and Manuela
Joseph Salinas bought a lot and had:
stone house on Real St. from Ma- 1 Joseph Maria Trinidad, b. 1757; q. s.
thias de la Cerda July 26, 1761. 2 Maria Ignacia.
3 Jose Refugio, m. Marcela de Oliva:
His will was certified by the al- Ma. Josefa, b. Nov. 16, 1789.
4 Maria Josefa.
calde, May 16, 1787. 5 Jose Refugio, b. 1766; q. s.
6 Juan a Leocades Luciana, b. 1768; m .

Pedro Santa Cruz (Juan and Isabel
Analla; and m. 2nd, Apolinario
Castillon): GU; and their 8th ch., Genoveva,
i Maria Magdalena, b. 1812. m. Bernabe Menchaca (Jose Ma-
ii Maria Teresa Guadalupe, b. 1773;
m. Jose Antonio Curbelo (Jose ria and Concepcion Martmez).
Antonio and Rita Flores).
iii Maria Juliana Fernando, b. 1775. Margarita Falcon m. Marcelo
H. Joseph Maria Trinidad (1), m. Valdes, Lieutenant of the presidio.
1798, Maria Josefa Fuentes (Ma- He was granted a lot 16 by 6 v.
nuel and Teresa Flores de Abre- on the presidio plaza, to build a
go) : house. May 29, 1782. At his d.,
1 Maria Josefa. b. 1800. there were so many debts left for
2 Maria Concepcion Nicolasa, b. 1803. settlement, that his widow was
n . Jose Refugio (5), m. 1st, Mar- obliged to seU the grant in 1795.
cela Oliva: It was purchased by the Curate,
1 Jose Miguel, b. 1788.
2 Maria Josefa, b. 1789.
Gavino Valdes, and was known as
m. 2nd, (?) Felipe Martines: his house and lot on the Plaza,
1 Maria Antonia, m. 1819, Juan Sala- next to Miguel de la Garza; S. of
zar. from Rio Grande, came to San
Antonio, 1816; son of Francisco and
Jose Miguel Flores and N. of the
Encarnacion Vela. house of Ignacio de los Santos
2 Juan Maria, m. 1824 (d. 1858), Maria
Dolores Arriola (Jose and Ana P e t ra Coy. Thirteeen years before, at
de la P e n a ) :
i Jose Maria Jesus, b. 1328; m .
the time of the grant there were
2nd, Josefa Sunega: other neighbors: N., Juan Fran-
i Manuel, b. 1847; m. (7). 1868, Ce- cisco Bueno, and to the S., Alber-
cilia Gonzales,
ii Jose Dolores, b. 1851. to Lopez; the property was on
iii Jose Jesus, b. 1853.
iv Gertrudis, m. Antonio Saucedo. MUitary Plaza, with its E. bound-
v Manuela. ary .the Plaza of the VUla. W.
FALCON was the creek, with a street be-
I. Margil Falcon received a grant tween.
of a city lot January 15, 1771, at GORTARI
which time it was stated that he
had been in San Antonio for I. Miguel Gortari purchased a lot
many years. He m. Bemarda and jacales, and some fruit trees,
Guerrero, b. 1740, daughter of Ca- from Francisco de Urrutia, for 200
yetano and Ana Hernandez; they pesos, in horses and cows, Jan-
had: uary 13, 1769. He was a Spaniard
1 Maria Antonia, b. 1761. from over the seas; and died in
2 Maria del Refugio, probably m. J u a n
Cadena.
his room at night, without sacra-
3 Joseph Ignacio, b. 1767. ments; and was buried October,
4 Juan Jose, b. 1769; according to the 1787. He m. Maria Polonia Alva-
B. G.; and b. 1765, and m. Ignacia
Montes, according to the R. L rez Travieso:
5 Juana Maria.
6 Joseph Manuel. 1 Ignacio Miguel, q. s.
7 Joseph Francisco. 2 Joseph Asiselo, b. 1766.
8 Jose de Jesus, b. 1777; m. Josefa Pe- 3 Joseph Alejo. b. 1768; m. 1793, An-
res: tonia Granado (Juan and Maria Isa-
i Maria Josefa Victoriana, b. 1795; bel de Castro):
m. 1812, Jose Maria Cuellar, i Maria Isabel, b. 1795; m. 1818.
(Asencio and Refugia de la Gar- Jose Hernandez (Trinidad and
za), of Saltillo. Ana Maria de la Pena), from Ca-
ii Maria Antonia. pete.
iii Maria Trinidad, m. Juan Valdes, ii Ignacia, m. Xavier Riojas, by
by whom: Jose d. y., 1817. whom: Maria Josefa Ignacia, b .
iv Jose Esmeregildo Epitacio, b. 1817.
1804. iii Jose Antonio Dario, b. 1793.
4 Maria Antonia Gertrudis, b. 1793.
Isidro de la Garza Falcon m. Vicente de la Cuera by whom: J u a n
Gertrudis Garcia, and their 7th Miguel Gerdnimo, b. 1791.
5 Vicente Cornelio, b. 1772; m. 1803,
ch., Felicita, b. 1851, m. Isabel Maria de Estrada (Ignacio and Anto-
nia de Castro), she m. 2nd, Juan Pedro and probably Juana de

Barrera.
6 Mariano. Urrutia. They had:
7 Micaela, b. 1776. 1 Pedro, q. s.
n . Ignacio Miguel (1), b. 1764; 2 Jose Maria, b. 1766; d. 1835; his will
is dated Dec. 23, 1835; the administra-
m. Concepcion Charle: tors of his estate were Antonio Men-
1 Miguel, q. 8. chaca, Juan Angel Seguin, and Eras-
mo Seguin: partition of estate, Oct.
m . Miguel (1), kUled by the 21, 1841, (Sp. Ar., A-blue, 2, 39-42 and
Indians, June 1843; m. 1822, Ma- 93). He received a grant of four sitios
of grazing hinds on Laguna de las
ria Candelaria de la Garza (Jose Animas, Feb. 14, 1809. He m. 1st, Ma-
ria Antonia Garcia, according to the
Antonio and Gertrudis Mansola): Census of 1793; and m. 2nd Refugia
1 Maria Ursula Cecilia, b. 1822 Falcon, d. 1832, aged 54 years.
2 Eligio. m. Maria Josefa Courbiere, wid. 3 Joseph Dario, b. Dec. 17, 1768; Curate
of Lieut. Miguel Dias de Luna. "presbitero" in San Antonio, June 29,
3 Maria Santa, q. s. 1811 to March 31, 1813; and Aug. 22,
IV. Maria Santa (3), m. Jesus 1813 to Nov. 29, 1816.
4 Juan Joseph Manuel Vicente, b. 1772.
Cantu. They had: Received a grant of four sitios of
1 Miguel, q. s. grazing land in the vicinity of Espada
Mission, J a n . 26, 1809. Won a law suit
V. Miguel (1), m, July 26, 1841, against Jose Antonio de la Garza, for
Gertrudis Navarro, b. 1812, dau. confiscated lands he had purchased,
Sept. 15, 1813. His political activities
of Jose Angel Navarro and Con- began as early as 1793, for on July 10.
of that year, it was asked (B. A.)
cepcion Cervantes (Jose and Bar- that steps be taken to curb him, and
bara Pozos). They had a dau.: that he be expelled from the country.
He was banished in 1807. In 1812, "be-
1 Santos, q. s. ing a man who owned a great many
VT. Santos (1), m. Salvador Del- sheep, having 77,000 sheep; determined
to put four droves of mules loaded
gado (Jose and Manuela Monja- with wool on the road to Nacogdoches.
ras, whose father Manuel Monja- He went to Nacogdoches, arrived there
and there some of his friends inform-
ras, hved at the SW? cor. of S. ed him to his projected death. Bernar-
do Gutierres and Miguel Menchaca
Presa and Villita Sts.). They were the ones who were going to kill
had: him; they were a t that place re-
cruiting men for the contemplated in-
1 Gertrudis, the compiler of this line surrection. As soon as Zambrano as-
-age: m. Rafael Saenz, by whom: certained that Gutierres and Mencha-
i Rafael, ca had 300 men, he left Nacogdoches
ii Santos. through the instructions of some of his
2 Adelina, m. Bias Delgado: 6 ch. friends, having lost all his wool and
3 Salvador, father of Virginia. returned to San Antonio arriving here
Fernando Gortari m. Juliana towards the latter part of August, and
Ximenes. They had: advised Governor Salcedo of what was
going on at Nacogdoches; who imme-
1 Margarita, m. Jose Maria Saucedo. ditely sent couriers to the City of
2 Antonio, m, Candelaria Delgado, by Mexico and Chihuahua notifying what
whom: was expected."309 Las Casas was the
i Ana, m. Mariano Seguin. leader of the insurrection; he was im-
3 ManueL prisoned in San Antonio, then taken
4 Nieves. to Monclova where he was shot, and
5 Bias. his head severed from his body and
€ Felis. placed in a box, sent to San Antonio
7 Federico, m. Antonia Tarin, by whom: and "put in the middle of Military
i Federico. Plaza on a pole," says Menchaca. Jo-
ii Antonio. se Menchaca was imprisoned and sent
to Chihuahua, where he d, 1820. Zam-
ZAMBRANO brano was a member of the Junta, and
managed to gain the support of all the
L Joseph Macario Zambrano, people of Bexar and to turn the tide in
favor of the European-born Spaniards,
purchased a house and lot from at first, by merely pretending to cor-
rect the faults of Las Casas' adminis-
Santiago Seguin, March 7, 1779. tration, and later, by charging that
His name appears in the B. A, as certain agents of the insurgents of
Coahuila. who had passed through
early as 1781.308 He m. Juana de Texas on their way to the United States
Ocon y TrUlo, b. 1740, daughter of were French emisaries who were plan-
808 B. A., 12-20-1781, "Raz6n de las Rezes. . . " There is record of one Patricia Zam-
brano, b. 1742.—B. A. 1782, No. 66, p . 63.
309 Menchaca, Antonio, Memoirs. See Quarterly. VL 30.
ing to sell Texas to the United States. CebaUos, the son of Joseph Mon-
The European Spaniards were thus for
a time, victorious. This junta also or- dragon y ZebaUos and Rosa de
ganized more throughly tiie school sys-
tef here. Juan Manuel Zambrano was Torres y Guerrero, came to San
Lieut. Col. in 1819. Knowing that he
was suspicioned by Cos, he fled to
Antonio in 1766, from the Ciudad
Louisiana in 1835. de N. S. de Guadalupe de la Cor-
5 Joseph Ignacio, b. 1774. te, Mexico. He received a grant
6 Juan Joseph Lino, b. 1776; d. 1832;
purchased a lot on Flores St. from of one small lot, with 16 v. front,
Manuel Flores de Valdes, March 14,
1812. March 12, 1783. He m. 1772, Ma-
7
8
Maria Luisa Matiana, b. 1778.
Juan Joseph, b. 1780; probably alcalde,
ria Margarita Salinas (Joseph
1826. and Margarita Menchaca): 11
9 Juan Francisco. ch.; of whom:
10 Josefa, m. Francisco Montes de Oca.
One member of the Zambrano went to 1 Alexo, b. 1772; m. 1805. Maria Josefa
Monterrey. Mexico, and it is believed de la Garza (Luis and Francisca de
he left descendants there. Sosa):
i Francisco Antonio, b. 1809.
n . Pedro (1), b. 1762; Coman- ii Clemente, b. 1814; m. (?) Maria
dante of the MUitia, and d. in Jesus Menchaca.
2 Joseph Antonio Justo, q. s.
office, November 19, 1801.su> He 3 Joseph Leonardo Alejo, b. 1781; m .
Maria Josefa de la Garza (Jos-e Luis
m. Concepcon de la Santa, b. 1765, and Francisca Chacdn):
SaltUlo, accordmg to the 1793 i Clemente Dario, m., 1st, Antonia
de la Garza; by whom, Manuel,
Census. They had: b. 1849, m, 2nd. Maria Jesus Men.
1 Petra. b. 1788; m. Gaspar Flores. chaca (7).
2 Maria Casiana. q. s. 4 Jose Domingo Estevan, b. 1779; m .
Petra Martines: 5 ch.
m . Maria Casiana, (2), m. July
1812, Manuel Indo, an officer in Domingo BustUlos m. Eufemia
the Spanish army, says Rodriguez Wisar (Huizar) and their son
in his Memoirs, son of Agustin Francisco m. 1901, Teodora Flores
and Maria Antonia Arsimisgaray. (Jesus and Carmen Chaves). The
He came to San Antonio from descendants of Eufemia Huizar
VUla de Paraga, in CastUe, Spain. and her sister, are listed in the
They had: partition of their parents* estate.
1 Miguel, m. 181*J. Margarita Delgado: Some of this fanuly owned the
i Manuel, d. 1927; m. Gert. Tarin granary at San Jose Mission.su
(Macario and Gert. Smith): Mar-
garita, m. Joe Forbese; Gertrudis,
m. Adalbert© Tommy of Mexico:
Juan Jose CebaUos, from San
P ; Herminia, m. a Flores (Flores- Francisco Xavier de Guigedo, son
ville) ; Miguel, m. Ursula Rodri- of Juan and Juana ManciUa (he
guez : P . ; Venecia; and Manuel,
m. a Flores. d. 1756), m. 1747, Juana Francis-
ii Juan, d.; S. P .
2 Melchora, m. Pedro Flores. ca Rodriguez (she m. 2nd, Carlos
3 Susana, m. Jose Maria Montes de Oca
(Juan and Gert. Chaves).
Veles de la Torre; she was daugh-
4 Maria Engracia, m. Joseph Flores: ter of Jose Antonio and Antonia
i Francisco, m. Maria Montes. del Toro); their daughter Maria
5 Felipa Bemicia, m. Dr. De Niz: S. P . ;
and m. 2nd, Feb. 20. 1848. Denis Fou-
trel .(Jacques Laurent and Catherine
Teresa b. 1752, m. Juan Romero.
Adelaide Nattard) ; she d. 1849. Denis' Barnes (p. 115) tells us that
brother, Jean Germain m. 1st, Cecile "A man named Domingo BustiUo
(parents of Leon, m. Leonie Gresser:
Ferdinand and Cecile: and Marie, in. also ran a fandango resort at the
Mr. Thevenet: Cecile, m. Fred W.
L i s t ) ; m. 2nd, Henriette Descous, by comer of Acequia and Obraje
whom: Gabrielle, m. Emile Tschirhart: Streets, but had as a very strong
George, Harvey, Lucile, and Allen.
rival a woman named Doha Do-
BUSTILLO Y CEBALLOS lores Martmez, whose dancing re-
I. - Joseph Antonio BustiUo y sort was on the same street and.
310 "Cuaderno Borrador." 1799-1801, item No. 287.

311 See Vol. 23, 45th District Court, pp. 131-142.
near by. The last place that fan- la Pena, b. 1745, SaltUlo, accord-
dangoes were held was on the ing to the Census, 1793 and B. G.
Alazan creek and Madam Cande- His wiU is dated July 28, 1797; it
laria managed this resort, which mentions the stone house and
closed about 1876." stone room adjoining, on the cor-
The SW cor. Main Plaza and ner of the Calle Real, caUed de
Galan St., was granted to Jose An- las Flores; and a lot fronting on
tonio BustiUo y CebaUos, March 12, the Calle Real de la Plaza, which
1783, accordmg to the abstract of he sold to his son-in-law, Don An-
the property. In 1841 Alejo Bus- gel Navarro; he gives as his chU-
tiUo bequeathed his interests, dren, by his wife Manuela de la
fronting on the Main Plaza, to Pena, Maria Josefa and Maria
his children Clemente and Josefa. Antonia, both married; Jose An-
In 1852 Domingo BustiUo acquir- tonio, Maria Rosalia, Jose Fran-
ed the land from Mariano Garcia, cisco and Francisco Antonio. The
one of the heirs at law of Teresa wUl of Manuela de la Pena,
Galan BustiUo, and Maria Eslin- widow of Juan Manuel Ruiz is
da BustiUo, both deceased; they dated May 12, 1834; in it she ex-
were aU heirs of Jose Antonio. pressed the desire to be buried in
In 1855 the chUdren of Domingo the Church of San Antonio de
BustiUo and Petra Martmez en- Balero, in acordance with the
herited this land: Maria Trini- legal restrictions, and the super-
dad, m. to Santiago Gutierrez; vision of her chUdren, Doha Jo-
Jose Antonio, d., represented by sefa and Don Francisco Ruiz; by
his daughter, Josefa, wife of An- her deceased husband, Juan Ma-
dres Orosco; Teresa de Jesus; nuel Ruiz she had five chUdren:
Elena de la Cruz; Jose Domingo; two of whom survived her, Josefa
Jesus Maria; and Alejo. In 1856, and Francisco. Her wUl was wit-
Teresa BustiUo, wife of (Canuto) nessed by Father Francisco May-
Rivas, was in possession of this nes. Juan Manuel Ruis, native of
property. The acequia or irriga- Queretaro, m. Manuela de la Pe-
tion ditch, coming from Acequia na, native of SaltiUo, was buried
St., present Main Ave., crossed in San Antonio July 30, 1797.
the plaza in front of San Fer- 1 Maria Josefa, m. Angel Navarro.
nando church, and separated the 2 Maria Antonia, b. 1771; m. (2nd) 7
1800, Francisco Rodriguez.
BustiUo property from the de- 3 Jose Antonio, or Joseph Antonio Pa-
tached block in front of the Ma- blo Longino, according to the church
records, b. March 13, 1775 (f. 104);
riana Leal comer. q. s.
4 Maria Rosalia, b. May 12, 1777.
RUIZ 5 Jose Francisco, bapt. February 5, 1783,
aged 8 days; godparents. Jose Her-
nandez and Luisa Guerrero.
Agustin Ruiz, m. Ana Maria, 6 Francisco Antonio, (?) ; Jph. Antonio
and their daughter Maria Ger- Francisco Victoriano, b. September 1,
1780, with godparents: Bartolome and
trudis, m. 1775, Joseph Guadalupe Catalina Seguin; J u a n Francisco, and
Fernandes de Agreda. Jose Francisco, twins, b. March, 1789;
and Francisco Ruiz, according to
I. Juan Manuel Ruiz, b. Quereta- Dixon,312 "born in San Antonio, Aug-
ust 31, 1772;" though not found in the
ro, 1726; according to the R. I., a church records available; note that
Spaniard, b. at Queretaro, 1737; births 1771 and 1775 are in the church
records. Jose Antonio Ruiz was buried
and a tailor. He m. Manuela de Feb. 13, 1812.
812 Dixon, Sam Houston, "Men Who Made Texas Free," 315.
II. Jose Antonio (3); received a rose in revolt agamst Bustamen-

grant in La Vihta from Govemor te's reign Mr. Ruiz joined the
Martmez, February 15, 1818; m. Texans in their support of Santa
Rafaela Isabel Seguin (EsmergU- Ana's announced policies. He
do and Francisca Flores): was regarded both by the Mexi-
1 Maria Isabel, b. 1810. can population of Texas and the
2 Maria Angeles Gregoria, b. 1812. American settlers as a most use-
3 Maria Sinforosa, b. ca 1815; m. 1st,
Jose Maria Leal; and m. 2nd, Manuel ful man and one who was cap-
Casillas.
4 Jose Antonio, b. 1823.
able of exerting a most whole-
5 Eudowiges, b. 1825; m. 1841, Pablo some influence over his race."
Farias (Antonio and Manuela Flores). He was with Navarro and Zavala
6 Maria Luisa, m. 1846, Celedonia Del-
gado. in the Convention of 1836; and
7 Jose Remigio, d. y.
signed the Declaration of Inde-
IT. Francisco (5 or 6), son of pendence. He was first Senator
Manuel and Manuela to quote from Bexar.
Dixon: "On completing his ht- Francisco Ruiz m., 1804, Jose-
erary training in Spain he re- pha Hemandez (Placido and R.
turned to San Antonio and joined Montes); they had:
his father in a business enter- 1 Maria Antonia, b. 1809; m. Bias He-
prise. His father owned a large rrera (Benito, a "mestizo" of La Pun-
ranch on the Nueces River and ta de Lampasos and Jacoba de las
Puentes, Spaniard) ; who gave news
young Ruiz spent a large portion of the approach of the Mexican forces.
"When the Mexicans entered Texas,
of his early hfe on this ranch. Francisco Ruiz is said to have sought
As he grew to years of mature refuge among the wild Indians. When
Santa Ana entered San Antonio, he
manhood he became interested in was in Columbia, Texas; from there
he wrote, December 27, 1836, a letter
the affairs effecting the people to Bias Herrera advising him and the
of his native state. He soon be- family not to trust the Mexicans, and
under no circumstances to do anything
came recognized as an ardent ad- for them against the Texans. Jacoba
Herrera, wife of Miguel de la Gar-
vocate of freedom of Mexico za, told the family that Santa Ana
from Spanish rule. He became so and his forces entered San Antonio
through their property, on the south
closely identified with the move- side of Military Plaza; and that two
ment to overthrow the yoke of Mexican officers were billetted in the
Ruiz home, the bed linen being used
Spanish rule that he was forced for bandages. She said she also re-
membered that the dead were piled
to flee to the United States to like wood and burned. When Fran-
avoid arrest and imprisonment cisco Ruiz died, he was in the home,
his "chamacuero," just west of his
and perhaps death at the hands son, Francisco, Jr.'s home, the pre-
sent one-story house occupied by the
of the Royalist party. His exile Pablo Broggia store. Francisco Ruiz
in the United States lasted from and his wife are said to be buried in
the San Fernando church," according
1813 to 1822. Returning to San to this family tradition which was re-
Antonio in 1822 he re-entered a lated to the writer by Antonio Herre-
ra. "Francisco Ruiz, Jr., and his sis-
business career, giving attention ter Maria Antonia, and her husband.
Bias Herrera, are buried in the fam-
to his large ranch holdings west ily cemetery, at Garza's Crossing on
and southwest of San Antonio. the Medina River, off the Somerset
Road." Maria Antonia and Bias had:
When Bustamante assumed auth- i Jacoba, m. Miguel de la Garza.
ority in Mexico and ignored the ii Francisco, m. Luisa Ramirez.
iii Benito, m. Narcisa Calderon.
rights guaranteed the Texas col- iv Antonia, m. Josiah Cass.
onies by the Constitution of 1824, v Bias, Jr., m. Sabina Salinas (Mar-
tin and Josefa Flores), parents
he openly denounced him for his of: Antonio (m. Guadalupe Gua-
bad faith toward the people of gardo: Guadalupe, m. Abel Gar-
cia ; Sabina, m. Pablo Perez; Do-
Texas. And when Santa Anna rotea, m. Frank R. Feille; Nie-
ves, m. Ricardo L. Flores; Anto-
nio 6., m. Adelina Gonzales; and sufficient room in the graveyard

Maria Aurora, m. Maurieio Villa-
nueva); Francisco (m. Simona for Santa Ana's dead, Ruiz order-
Casias: 8 c h . ) ; J u a n Jose (m.
Refugia Perez, sister of Pablo, ed some to be thrown into the
from Mexico: Juventino R . ) :
Bias (m. Teodora Navarro, dau.
river, which was done on the
of Cisto and Ga. Cortinas: _ c h . ) ; same day. "The men burnt,"
Maria (m. Miguel P a t i n o : 5 c h . ) ; says Ruiz, "were 182. I was an
Feliz (m. Desiderio Perez, brother
of Rumaldo: Desiderio); Martin
(m. Librada Trevifio, from Mex.:
eye-witness for as Alcalde of San
Martin and Esther) ; Josefa (m. Antonio, I was, with some of the
' Arnulfo Aguirre, from Lampasos": neighbors, coUecting the dead
Feliz and Margarita) ; and Euge-
nio (m. Guadalupe Casias: 11 ch.). bodies and placing them on the
vi Juan Jose, d.: S. A. funeral pyre."3i3
vii Manuel, m. Refugia Tijerina.
viii Jose Maria, m. Josefa Perez, sis.
of Rumaldo.
Lieut. Col. Francisco Ruiz was
ix Josefa, m, Fernando Sandoval. buried from San Fernando church,
2 Francisco Antonio, q. s.; called "Don Jan. 20, 1840; he died, aged 61
Pancho," according to Rodriguez.
m . Francisco Antonio (2), lieut., years, a widower.
1811; Lieut. Col., March 19, 1824, Francisco Antonio Ruiz m. Con-
at which time he purchased a cepcion Soto:
1 Francisco Antonio, b. 1840, lived in
house and lot in San Jose Mission El Paso.
at public auction for 236 pesos. 2 Alejandro Modesto, b . 71841.
3' Eugenio, m. Carlota Garcia, sister of
When Col. Jos6 Antonio Mexia, Mrs. Quintana.
finding Texas again peaceful, 4 Francisco, lived in El Paso.
sailed away on July 24, 1832, and In the opinion of Govemor
colonial Santanistas a week later Juan Bautista de Elguezabal,
expeUed Colonel Piedras and his education was of the greatest im-
garrison from Nacogdoches, Col- portance to both the reUgious and
onel Ruiz withdrew his company the pohtical hfe of the commun-
from the upper Brazos, falling ity. On January 10, 1802, he is-
back to San Antonio. As Alcalde sued a proclamation urging the
of San Antonio at the time of the alcaldes to encourage parents to
FaU of the Alamo, Colonel Ruiz send their chUdren to school. On
thought he should remain neu- the 20th of January of the fol-
tral, and took orders from Santa lowing year (1803) the cabUdo in
Ana, and with a company of meeing, discussed the founding of
dragoons brought "wood and dry a school house and the appoint-
branches from the neighboring ment of a new teacher. They de-
forests, and about 3 o'clock in the cided that Jose Francisco Ruiz,
aftemoon of March 6, 1836, they whose father had been a pioneer
laid the wood and dry branches pedagogue, though under age, be
upon which a pUe of dead bodies given the position, on trial. His
were placed, more wood was pUed delapidated house was to serve as
on them and another pUe of the temporary school house.
bodies was brought, and in this I. Salvador de Castaneda Ruiz, b.
manner they were aU arranged Queretaro, 1744, sometimes caUed
in layers. Kindling wood was Bernardino, m. Maria Ignacia
distributed through the pUe and Robleau, b. 1767, Natchitoches,
about 5 o'clock in the evenmg it daughter of Pierre and Ignacia;
was lighted." As there was not the De La Garza Notes state that
313 Barker, Texas History, 271-272; J. M. Quintero trans, in Tex Almanac; Quarterly.
XXXVII, 39, note 80.
she was the daughter of Desidero Lillian (m. Austin G. Kingston;

Sharon Arlaine and Austin G..
Robleau. According to famUy Jr.).
tradition, the Robleau famUy ii Laura, d.; m. Clyde Nunes: S. P .
iii Simpson, m. Ethel Bright: 5 ch.
were pohtical refugees from iv Berry, m. Norine Young: S. P .
v Susan, m. Joseph K. Carnal: S.
France, in Louisiana; they hved P.
at Nacogdoches also. Maria Ig- vi William ,m. Amanda Seffel: 2 ch.
vii Carl, m. Augusta Seffel, his sis-
nacia was said to be very fair, of ter-in-law: S. P .
medium size. The Ruiz, it is said, 2 James G., b., 1846; lawyer; m. Sal-
lie Revelle:
were from Andalusia, Spain. They i James.
ii Opal, m. Fred Brown: Olaf.
first settled In Zacatecas. Salva- iii Ruby, m. Frank Peter McCarty:
dor was sent from there with a Thyra and Pat. Lincoln.
iv Erastus, m. Mrs. Leila Fitch.
drove of horses, to Louisiana. He v Zoroaster, m. Miss Holland.
sold the stock and came to San UL. Simona (7), b. Oct. 28, 1829;
Antonio and remained. Salvador m. Aug. 1, 1849, James N. Fisk,
and Maria Ignacia had a large her brother-in-law, by whom:
famUy, of whom: 1 Susan, q. s.
2 Parma, d.
1 a son, b. 1791. 3 Erastus, d.
2 Jose Bernardino, b. 1803 (San Jose 4 Cordelia, m. Charles S. Broadbent, by
Mission), and m. 1832, Maria Car- whom:
men Gongora (Pedro and Juana Her- i Simona, m. Henry R. Wofford,
nandez ; or Joaquin and Juliana Her- parents of Simona (m. Ernest B.
nandez) : 11 ch., of whom: Rubsamen, Jr., of Murray Hill,
i Dolores, m. Salamon Delgado (Jo- N. J . : Ernest B. and Rollins S.) ;
se Maria and J u a n a Curbelo). Doris (m. Ernest Lee Brown:
3 Jose Ignacio, b. 1808 (San Jose Mis- Lrnest Lea> ; and Henry Rol-
sion) ; m. 1830, Maria Rivera (Gil and lins, J r .
Encarnacion Rodriguez), from Rio ii Adelaide, m. H. D. Elliott: S. P .
Grande. iii Charles S., Jr., m. Maud F a y : 4.
4 Concepcion, m. a Monjaras. ch., of whom Elizabeth and
5 Guadalupe, q. s. Charles.
iv Irey Smith.
LT. Guadalupe (5), b. December v Josephine: S. A.
12, 1797 (Bexar); m. 1st, 1812, vi Cordelia, m. L. E. Melior, by
whom: Duane (Austin, Texas).
Jose Maria Duran; and m. 2nd, 5 Sam H., m. Josefa Trevino. dau. of
a gov. of Nuevo Leon, Mex.
Erastus, "Deaf," Smith. By the 6 Benjamin, Justice of the Peace; m.
Is, m.: Isabel Hernandez (Pedro and Anto-
nia Salinas); Cordelia and Susan.
1 Refugia, b. 1813; m. Jose Tejada. 7 Zoroaster.
2 Josefa, m. John Q. Wall, of La., by 8 David.
whom Josephine, who m. W.alter M. 9 Mary, m. W. F . M. Ross:
Graham, his 1st wife: S. P. i Dorothy.
3 Lucinda, m. E. M. Bates. 10 Simona, d. y.
By the 2nd, m.: IV. Susan (1), m. Henry Roach,
4 Susan, q. s.
5 Gertrude, b. 1825; m. Macario Tarin. of England; they had two sons
6
7
Travis, b. 1827; d- of cholera.
Simona, q. s.
who d. y. and:
1 Sarah, q. s.
HI. Susan (4), b. 1823; m. Nov
12, 1839, James Nathaniel Fisk V. Sarah (1), m. O. M. Farns-
(Hon. James, and PriscUla West, worth:
1 Lois, m. Oran Kirkpatrick, my whom:
of Conn.), b. Sep. 4, 1815, at Oran Gould, Jr., Lois, and John Otis,
Swanton, Vermont. A resident 2 Otis and.
8 Alan, twins, b. 1904; m. Winifred
citizen of Texas at the date of Graver, by whom: Sally.
the date of the Declaration of In- "Deaf Smith's" famUy hved in
dependence, according to H. R. I, San Antonio at the SW comer of
149; Sheriff: Presa and Nueva Sts., not far
1 Ofelia Gabriela, b. 1844; m. W. C from the house "occupied by
Kroeger:
i Ernestine, m. Russell Beck, by General Cos, in La ViUita, when
whom: Ophelia (m. Claude Urfell,
of Corpus Christi: Ernestine Cos surrendered to Milam's men,"
Maude and Charles Russell), and says Barnes; the dwelling remains
very much as it was originaUy ed him one league and labor of

buUt. Section 1 of "An Act for public land.—Gammel, Laws of
the Rehef of Erastus Smith," ap- Texas, I, 1088-89. Previous to
proved Nov. 11, 1836, granted him, coming to Texas "Deaf Smith"
"Any house and lot in the city had been a citizen of Mississippi,
of Bexar, which may be confis- residing where the town of Grand
cated for pubhc use." His widow Gulf now stands. His sister Mary,
selected the old Granado home- m, Mr. Snow, and their dau. m.
stead at the southeast comer of Henry Black, parents of Henry
Main Plaza and Commerce St. and Mary, who m. Mr. Moreland,
Section 3 of the same act, grant- of Houston, Texas.3i4
NAVARRO
Juan Navarro m. Ist, Juliana del 13 or 14 years of age; visited in
Rio, and they had a son Juan Genoa, Barcelona and Cadiz; and
Andres, b. 1773, and a daughter after service in the Spanish army,
Maria Josefa, b. 1775; he m. 2nd, emigrated to Mexico. He was a
1778, Josefa Flores (Pedro and resident of Real de BayecUlos for
Isabel Delgado), and they had a eight years, and came to San An-
daughter Maria Antonia, m. 1803, tonio in the capacity of a mer-
Jose Leal. chant, in about 1777. The Bexar
Juan Antonio Navarro sold Archives, May 14, 1792 says "after
Bartolo Seguin a lot on Real St., six years he married," and in 1792
August 31, 1780; it measured 10 he had been married nine years.
by 40 v., and entered the Plaza de He was alcalde in 1790. On June
Armas (Military Plaza); it was 27, 1808, he purchased a lot 10 v.
improved with a chamaquero of square from Manuela de la Pena.
frame, or good lumber (buena He was the first one buried in the
madera); it was bounded E, Campo Santo, which replaced the
street; N, land of Cabo Pedro Pe- origmal cemetery immediately
res; W, Josefa Flores; S, Angel surrounding the parish church,
Navarro. on the plaza, and which was re-
I. Angel Navarro was a native moved to the site of present
of Ajaccio, Corsica, "a country- MUam Square, his burial taking
man of Napoleon Bonaparte, the place with religious ceremony,
latter going toward the rising sun November 1, 1808.
to become the greatest man men- The Navarro home was at the
tioned in secular history, and the northeast comer of Presidio and
former towards the setting sun to Flores Streets (Commerce and N.
a small border town in the Flores); it had adobe walls Z\_
wilds of Texas," says Rodriguez ft. thick. To the N, was the fam-
(Memoirs), "where unknown to ous Zambrano Row; the imme-
fortune and renown, he quietly diate property to the N, being the
passed away in peace and con- Bartolo Seguin chamacuero, re-
tentment." He left his native is- ferred to above, 1780.
land, Corsica, in 1772, when about Angel Navarro m. Maria Jose-
314 Sp. Ar., C-2. 56. See Chabot. "Alamo, Altar of Texas Liberty" 94-98, for biog of
Deaf Smith; also, Foote, "Texas and Texans", IL 298, note.
fa Ruiz y Pena, daughter of Ma- ated house and lot from Maria
nuel Ruiz de Pesia and Manuela Josefa de Zaga and Francisco P6-
de la Pena, of Spanish and Creole rez.
origin, native of San Antonio, ac- He was the Pohtical Chief in
cording to the Navarro Apuntes Bexar, 1835.
Historicos. They had: H. Jose Antonio (8), b. February
1 Jose Francisco Eduardo, b. 1783.
2 Jose de Ios Angeles, b. 1784, q. s. 27, 1795. Early in his boyhood he
3 Maria Gertrudis. lost his father and went to work
4 Maria Simona.
5 Maria Francisca Candida.
6 Maria Josefa Candida.
in a merchantUe estabUshment in
7 Jose Francisco Salas, b. 1794. Louisiana. He was fond of read-
8 Jose Antonio Baldomero, b. February ing books, and as scarce as they
27, 1795, San Antonio, q. s.315
9 Maria Antonio, b. 1797. were, he practicaUy educated
10 Jose Luciano, b. 1800, q. s. himself, says Fehciano Flores
11 Jose Anselmo, b. 1802.
12 Jose Eugenio, b. 1803; d. intestate,
1838 (Sp. Ar., P-2, 358).
(Sketch, Ms.); though Dixon says
According to local tradition lege he was educated in the best col-
Angel Navarro left three daugh- eraryindegree. Spain, and received a ht-
He was a friend of
ters: Juana, adopted by Juan Stephen F. Austin, adds Flores,
Veramendi, m. Alejo Peres; Ger- and accompanied him to Mexico
trudis, adopted by Luciano Na- to obtain his colonization con-
varro, m. Miguel Cantu; and Jo- tract. As a member of the Coa-
sefa, called "Chipita," adopted by huila-Texas State Congress, he
Luz Escalera. fought for Constitutional Govem-
LT. Jose Angeles (2), a Lieut, ment, and was frequently referred
under Arrendon; m. 1st, Concep- to as the Americanized-Texan. In
cion Cervantes (Jose and Barbara 1831 he was appomted Commis-
Peres or Pozos); and m. 2nd, 1831, sioner of De Witt's colony. In
Maria Juana Ramires (Jose and 1833 he was elected supplemen-
Maria or Juana Josefa de la Gar- tary representative to the Gen-
za). By the 1st, m.: eral Congress of Mexico. From
1 Maria Petra. b. 1814; see Delgado and
Veramendi. 1834-1835 he was Land Commis-
By the 2nd, m.: sioner for the District of Bexar.
1 Jose de los Angeles Narciso, b. 1832. In 1835 he was elected senator,
2 Federico. but this position he declined and
Jose Angel proclaimed the plan resigned, as he had already made
of Iturbide in San Antonio, when up his mind to join the Texas
Govemor Martinez surrendered to struggle for Independence. The
him, dehvering aU the govem- same year he was elected by
ment archives, and afterwards Bexar, to the Convention at
adhering to Iturbide's plan of in- Washington-on-Brazos. In that
dependence. From this period body, with Ruiz and De Zavala,
dates the restoration and retum the three Spanish - Americans
of the Navarros, who, hke Col. gave it some appearance of being
Francisco Ruiz their mother's more than a mere assembly of
brother, had been in refuge in disgruntled Anglo-Americans, says
the United States.316 In 1825, Barker (Tex. Hist., 249). Na-
April 22, he purchased a dilapid-
315 See "Secretaria de Guerra y Marina," Mexico, 1841-46, pp. 14, 24, 26, 27 and 3 1 ;
UniV
3 1 6 0 f R l d r i ^ ! 7 " M e L n ^ " 7 : 4 * a n d Cordova, J . de. "Texas." 1st Ed.. Philadelphia, 1858.
varro was a signer of the Decla- ary man. He was a strong sup-
ration of Independence. Menefee porter of our American institu-
tells us that his modest bearing tions, pubhc spirited and pro-
attracted the attention of the de- gressive in thought. He often re-
legation, and that "He at first ferred to his confinement in a
appeared Ul at ease, but as he Mexican prison and of the suffer-
came in contact with the dele- ing endured by the Texan prison-
gates who greeted him cordiaUy, ers in their forced march from
he threw off his reserve and Santa Fe to Mexico City. He was
mingled freely with them and im- a man of means and spent his
pressed them aU that he was money freely to reUeve the suf-
sincerely devoted to our cause. fering of the Texans on their
When he and Mr. Zavala were march. Colonel Cooke told me
appomted on the Committee to that 'had it not been for the gen-
draft the Constitution, he seem- erosity of Mr. Navarro many more
ed greatly pleased. . . .During the of the Texan prisoners would
preparation of the Constitution have perished than did.*"
he made frequent suggestions re- "When Navarro County was
garding its phraseology, demon- created from Robertson County in
strating his famUiarity with Re- 1846 it was named in honor of
pubhcan institutions." Navarro Jose Antonio Navarro, a Mexican
was appointed one of the Com- patriot and signer of the Declara-
missioners to accompany the tion of Texas Independence. When
Santa Fe Expedition. He was Navarro County was organized
captured and imprisoned in the and a permanent seat of govern-
Acordada (for the first two years) ment established in 1848, it was
and then in the dungeon of the named Corsicana in honor of his
San Juan Ulloa. Santa Ana con- father's place of birth, Corsica."3i7
demned him to life imprisonment, "After more than twenty years
and close confinement; though he of pubhc service to his beloved
offered him his hberty and high country and having led a useful
office if he would tum against hfe, on January 13, 1871, at his
Texas. When Herrera succeeded home in San Antonio, in an old
Santa Ana, Navarro secured his fashioned stone buUding which is
release, and immediately left for stUl standmg at the [NE] comer
Texas, landing at Galveston Feb- of Nueva and Laredo Streets, sur-
ruary 15, 1845. "He at once pro- rounded by his loving famUy,
ceeded to San Antonio and was there passed away one of the
elecetd a delegate to the Conven- greatest characters in Texas his-
tion which framed the State tory. Colonel Jose Antonio Navarro,
Constitution. He served in the the Texas patriot, who was laid
First State Senate. Colonel Ed- to rest in San Fernando Ceme-
ward Burleson, son of the Gen- tery."3is
eral and Vice-President, was a Jose Antonio Navarro, accord-
close personal friend of Mr. Na- ing to his will, dated San Antonio,
varro's; in speaking of him, he February 15, 1817, had five chU-
said: "Mr. Navarro was no ordin- dren:
317 Dixon, "Men Who Made Texas Free," 343-347; and Green, "Mier Expedition," 448.
318 Flores, Feliciano, "Sketch," Col. Jose Antonio Navarro, Ms.; Feliciano Flores m. An-
gelita, daughter of Jose Angel, son of Jose Antonio Navarro.
1 Jose Antonio George, q. s. ria de Jesus Balderas:

2 Celso Comelio, m. Agapita Garcia; i Agapita, d.; S. A.
lived in Atascosa County (Sp. Ar., W-l, ii Lucinda, m. Felimdn Guerra.
221), q. s. iii Carolina, m. Arthur Ross.
3 Angel, q. s. iv Jose Antonio, m. Florence Fores-
4 Sixto Eusebio, Captain in the Con- tier,
federate Army; lived in Atascosa v Mary, m. James Battersby.
County; m. Genoveva Cortinas of Na- vi John E.
cogdoches : 12 ch.; among whom: vii Trinidad, m. C. J. LeComte.
i Antonio, " a noble young man, of viii Stella, d.; S. A.
courteous manners and pleasing ix Jose Celso, m. Delfina Aguilar.
address and a Spanish teacher in x Agnes, m. Lloyd Schurdevin.
the Public Schools of San Anto- 3 Eugenio, m. Francisca Garcia:
nio, Texas," Rodriguez "Memoirs" i Carolina, m.
ii Nereo, m—Feliz. ii Celso.
i iii Teodora, m. Bias Herrera: P. iii Elvira, m. Miguel Torres,
i vi Cisto, m. iv Emma,
v Frank. v Eugenio.
vi Gertrudis. vi Jose Angel.
vii Josefa, m. vii Olivia, m. a Munoz.
5 Josefa, m. Daniel Tcbin. UT. Angel (3), m. Concepcion Ra-
FamUy records include Carmen mon, widow of Bryan Callaghan:
and Maria Gertrudis.319 1 Angelita, m. Feliciano Flores (who was
in the District Attorney's Office), son
HI. Jose Antonio George (1), m. of Feliciano, son of Gregorio, son of
Juana Chaves (her mother was Gaspar Flores. Feliciano Flores had a
brother Gregorio, m. Fay Barrera (pa-
Maria Leonarda Montes, (Sp. Ar., rents of Margarita), and a brother Jo-
XH, 523): se Angel, m. Margarita Ogden (Euge-
nio and Elvira Navarro).
1 Jose Eugenio Tiburcio, b. 1840; d. in- 2 Eugenio, m. Juana Balderas: P., of
testate, 1838, leaving a sister, o. s. whom:
(Sp. Ar., P-2, 358), m. Antonia Chaves: i Jose Angel, living in San Anto*
i Leonardo, m. Eliza Vela: nio.
a Juana Cantu. 3 Rosaria. m. twice.
b Leonardo.
c Alfonso, d.; S. A. The Navarro property on Cam-
ii Elvira, m. Eugenio Ogden (d.).
iii Anita, d.: m. Dominic Tripodi;
aron St., "Our Reading Club"
by whom: Tony, John Chicano, headquarters, was conveyed to
Eliza Rossi, and Adelina. John H. James, November 10, 1908,
iv Juana, m. Frank Marasco: P.
v Lucia, m . : P .
vi Josefa, m.
by deed from Eugenio, Juan and
vii Jose Antonio Victor, m. Eliza Agapito G. Navarro, Fred, Willie
Dorson.
2 Maria Antonia Romalda, b . 1844; m.
and Sarah Swisher, and her hus-
John C. Ross: band, Juan Martmez; 50 by 227 ft.,
i Tom. bounded N, property of John H.
ii Tony, d.; m . : P .
iii Max. m. James (the James residence); Lot
iv Hanna. m. Eason Woods.
v Robert. 22, City Block 132. This was part
vi Alex, m.
3 Margarita, Isidra, b. 1846; m. Robert
of the original subdivision: Angel,
Langston (Sp. Ar., 1, 234): Celso C. and Sixto E. Navarro.320
i Stephen, d.; S. A. II. Luciano (10), m. Teodora de
ii Juana, m. Howard Sendles.
iii Walter, m. Lottie Ross. Carvajal (Jose Antonio and Ger-
iv Lawrence, m. Leonore Ross.
v Arthur, m. Miss Ross. trudis Sanches):
vi George, m. 1 Angela Maria de Jesus, q. s.
UT. Celso (2), m. Agapita Garcia: HI. Angela (1), b. February 1,
1 Maria Antonia, m. William Swisher:
i John, d.; S. A.
1824; m. 1844, WUUam G. Cook,
ii William, m. Victoria Garcia. of the Protestant ReUgion, from
iii Fred, May Wagner, both d. Virginia, b. ca 1807, son of Adam
iv Henry, d.; S. A.
v Sarah, m. Cook, and Martha Riddle. Witnes-
vi Tony, m.
vii Mamie, m. ses to this ceremony were Thomas
2 Juan Jose, b. April 26, 1856; d. March
25, 1925; m. November 16, 1876, Ma-
Addicks, Juana Chaves, Luciano
319 Jose Antonio Navarro, m. Margarita de la Garza, of Mier, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Their
family consisted of seven children.—Navarro, Jose Antonio, letter dated San Antonio, Texas,
August 2, 1930.
320 Sp. Ar., Vol. 320, p. 454; and W-l, 471.
Navarro and Rafael de la Garza. ESPARZA

According to the famUy records,
Cooke, b. Sept. 1771, m, Martha I. Jose Francisco Maria Esparza
Adam RiddeU, b. Glaslough, Ireland (his will dated September 2, 1808),
1775. Their son James, b. Jan. 6, m. 1st, Rosa Ramirez: 2 ch., d. y.;
1796, Dumfines, Prince WilUam m. 2nd, Ana Polonia Peres:
County, Va., m. EmUy Margarite 1 Juan, who according to the church rec-
ords was the son of Jose and Jacin-
Pearson (Wilham and Eleanor), b. ta Briceno; m. Petra de Oliva (Tomas
Fredericksburg, Va., Nov. 12, 1799. Antonio, from "San Joseph del Parral",
son of Joseph Joaquin and Nicolasa
Their son WUUam (brother to Escudera, and Maria Josefa Peres Ba-
James?) m. Angela Navarro (she nos, m. 1773, daughter of Manuel An-
tonio and Antonia Margarita Rome-
m. 2nd, Isea Martin, and their ro), from Monterrey, widow of Xa-
vier Seguin:
son Isea, Jr., m. Julia Jones: P. i Victor Filomeno, b. 1806.
living in Uvalde, Texas); and m. 3rd, Ana Tarin Gertrudis Bri-
1 William Navarro, q. s.
IV. WUUam Navarro (1), b. 1846, seho y Durana:
1 Maria Petra.
near Seguin, on the Navarro ranch, 2 Jose Ignacio, q. s.
3 Pedro Joseph.
m. Pauline Quintile: 9 ch.: of LT. Jose Ignacio (2), m. 1815, Ni-
whom: colasa Ramires (Eugenio and Ma-
1 Robert, m. Gertrude King:
i Robert. ria Gusman):
2 Stanley, m, Gertrude H u g g : 3 ch. liv- 1 Francisco, be 1806; m. 1828, Maria
ing in Wichita Falls. Josefa Flores.
W. G. Cooke was b. in Fred- 2 Gregorio, q. s.
ericksburg, Va., March 26, 1808, ILL. Gregorio (2), who, accordmg
and moved to New Orleans and to the tradition cited by Barnes
was in business there in October (Combats and Conquests, p. 34),
of 1835. His entrance into Texas with his famUy, was lifted into the
with the New Orleans Grays, and self-same window out of which
his participation in Texas activi- Rose went, after the hostilities or
ties are well known. He was a siege of the Alamo began. "Age,
commissioner with the Santa Fe 33, rank, private; native and res-
Expedition, was imprisoned, but ident of San Antonio. Sources: Be-
released in 1842. He was Adjutant xar, 1183; Travis, 762; I Bexar,
General under the State Govern- 682; Court of Claims Apphcations,
ment. He d. in Seguin, December, No. 572, File (D-G). This last cit-
1847. Cooke County was named for ed document shows plainly that it
him; as was Cooke Camp, at the was more difficult for the Mexican
head of the San Antonio River, who participated in the battles of
where the Indians were held for the Texas Revolution, to secure
a time after the Court House Fight warrants for the lands due for
of 1840.321 He was a Congressional their services than it was for oth-
candidate with Maverick and Pas- ers. Esparza was one of Juan N.
chal in 1843. Seguin's soldiers. His famUy, wife
and four children, were in the
Alamo when it fell. He had a
brother in Santa Anna's army
who, with other friends, asked
Santa Ana for the dead body of
their friend. Santa Ana granted
321 See Chabot. "Perote Prisoners.*

% w y m •: %
..
the request, and his body was not SANDOVAL

bumed with the rest of the vic-
tims, but was carried away by his I. Juan Antonio Sandoval, of Coa-
friends and buried."322 There is a huUa, m. Ana Barrera:
1 Francisco Xavier, q. s.
local tradition that the widow had II. Francisco Xavier (1), m. 1st,
her husband were buried in Cath- Francisca de Urrutia; and m. 2nd,
edral ground, by special permission. 1785, Teresa de AvUa (Gerbacio
The church burial -records show thfat and Guadalupe de Leon, of Sal-
the foUowmg Mexicans kUled in tUlo). By the 1st m.:
the assault of the Alamo received 1 Joseph Manuel, b. 1775.
2 Maria Manuela Alberta Antonia, b.
rehgious interment: March 4, Joa- 1776.
quin GuUlen, Captain of Grana- 3 Jose Maria de Jesus, b. 1777; q. s.
deros; leaving a widow, Urbana de ILT.4 Jose
Maria, b. 1783.
Maria de Jesus, b. 1777,
Luna; March 6; Jose Maria Torres, was a Lieut, in the army. He m.
unmarried; Lieut, of the Battalion Maria Gertrudis Rodriguez:
of Sapadores; Irineo Guerrero, 1 Fernando Antonio, b . 1S23; m. 1S51,
Lieut, of Active BattaUon of San Francisca Duran:
i Guadalupe, b. 1852.
Luis Potosi; leaving a widow, Her- 2 Carlos Quirino, q. s.
megUda Basques; both natives of IV. Carlos (2), b. 1825; m. 1850,
San MigueUto; Jose Maria Alcala, Maria Jesus CarUlo:
Lieut, of Gren. of Permanent Bat- 1 Felipe, q. s.
taUon of Aldema; leaving a widow, 2 Estevan.
3 Gertrudis, m. Juan de la Garza:
Dolores. i Josefa, m. a Musquiz.
ii Victoria, m.
Gregorio Esparza, m. a younger 4 Barbara, m. Francisco Leal (Francis-
co and Guadalupe de la Garza.)
sister of Mrs. Horace Alsbury, an
adoptive daughter of Vice Gov- V. FeUpe (1), m. Carmel Dias:
1 Braulio, b. 1861; m. Anita Hernandez
ernor Veramendi. Their son (Jose and Adela Colon j a ) :
1 Enrique, q. s. i adopted Antonio.
Another record states that FeU-
IV. Enrique (1), it is said, hid pe was the son of Carlos and Ca-
himself in the hay, stored near tarina Rodriguez. The Sandoval
the Alamo Chapel (where the con- home was at the southwest comer
vent or Hugo and Schmeltzer of Flores and Arsenal Streets.
Bldg. used to be) and was thus LT. Francisco Xavier, and his 2nd
saved from massacre. He, with Pa- wife, had:
blo Diaz (whose brother was one 1 Jose Francisco Xavier Crisanto, b.
of Santa Ana's soldiers), saw the 1786.
2 Maria Josefa Carmen, b. 1788; m.
bodies of the Alamo heroes bum- Jose Antonio Ocon (Andres and Juana
Soto).
ing, in the two pyres, they said, 3 Jose Simdn, b. 1790.
one extending into the eastem 4 Jose de Jesus Nasario, b. 1792.
portion of the front yard of what
was the Ludlow House; the other
in the yard of Dr. Herff's old Post,
or Springfield House.323 He Uved
to a good old age, dying in his
home in Nogalitos Street. His por-
trait is in Barnes Combats, p. 32.
322 Williams, Amelia, "A Critical Study of the Siege of the Alamo and of the Person-
nel of its Defenders," in Quarterly, XXXVII, 257.
323 Barnes, "Combats and Conquests," 36-37.
OLIVARRI
I. If the tradition is correct, this of the Peres fanuly, and their son
famUy was originaUy from Bis- Mariano went to Mexico. Accord-
cay, Spain. Jose OUvarri came to ing to the Probate Record, Bexar
San Antonio from the demolished County, letters of guardianship
presidio of the Adaes. He m. issued to Jose Maria Rodriguez,
Gertrudis Rodriguez. They had: Jan. 31, 1849 (p. 337), Jose and
1 Jose Maris | . *. Francisca had:
n . Jose Maria (1), Usted in the 1 Paula, q. s.
military review of 1782, B. A., one 2 Leonides, m. an Ochoa: P . (Chihuahua,
Mex.).
of a total of 106. He is Usted 3 Trinidad, m. Verdnica Garza:
i Paula, m. Luis Moglia, an Ital-
fourth in the cavalry Extracto of i a n : 7 ch.
December, 1797, Ms. He was kUl- 4 Jesus, d. y.
5 Catarina, m. a Sanches:
ed by the Indians in 1815. He m. i Julidn.
1st, Barbara Uriega, or Carmona; V. Paula G. (1), d. Nov. 19, 1908,
and m. 2nd, 1798, Maria Martinez aged 74 years (S. A. Express, Nov.
(Rafael and Guadalupe Arredon- 20, 1908, p. 5); m. Anton Frede-
do, of Monclova). By the 1st m.: rick Wvlff, b. Dec. 23, 1822, at
1 Maria Antonia, b. 1782. Hamburg on Elbe, son of Mathias
2 Jose Simdn, b. 1783.
Heinrich and Mari EUzabeth
By the 2nd, m.: Biehn. They were Lutherans.
3 Dolores, b. 1799; m. Guillermo Sosa.
4 Casimiro. Anton Frederick Wulff came to
5 Antonia, m. 1st., Ignacio de Herrera:
S. P . ; m. 2nd, in Monclova, also, S. P. Texas in 1848, settling first in
6 Francisco, m. in Louisiana, and d.
there; adopted a daughter, Mrs. Lous*
New Braunfels; he came to San
teneau, according to family records. Antonio in about 1850 or 1851. He
7 Simdn, (b. 1783, by the 1st m. 7), an started a general merchandise
army officer; q. s.
m . Simon (7), m. Guadalupe de store on the Mihtary Plaza short-
Torres, daughter of Lazarro de ly before his marriage. He was
Torres, of the army, and Ana Jo- interested in horticulture. His
sefa de la Garza, "who," accord- garden around the old home,
ing to the Rodriguez Memoirs, 107 King WiUiam St., "said to be
p. 45, "was bom in the historic a repUca of one of the Rhenish
Garza house on the 12th of June, castles," was most attractive. He
1760," and m, 1779. They had: was owner of a large covered
1 Maria de Jesus, m. Jan. 16, 1828. Am- wagon train. "He was alderman,
brocio Rodriguez (Manuel Ignacio and
Antonia Courbiere). and mayor protempore for several
2 Jose, q. s.
3 Placido. q. s.
terms and the projector of the
parks on Alamo and Main Plazas.
IV. Jose (2), Uved on Soledad He was San Antonio's first Park
St.; kUled by Indians whUe hunt- Commissioner," says Barnes, p.
ing deer on Leon Creek; received 223. He transformed the old
headright grant of one league, plazas, planting about them, trees,
April 10, 1838 (witnesses: Anto- grass and flowers, and it is stated
nio Menchaca and Ignacio Cas- that he did this at his own per-
tro.—I, 55); m. Francisca Leal, sonal expense. In appreciation of
most Ukely the daughter of Mel- his success in this connection, the
chor Leal and RosaUa Zepeda, b. office of park commissioner was
1810. After his d. she m. 2nd, one created, and he was appomted to
fUl it, a rare stroke of poUtical Mex., Aug. 18, 1865; m. Otto Lam-
mers, by whom:
gratitude, for which Mayor French i Alice Paulita, m. Kenneth Ayer,
should be duly credited. In Jan- of Lynn, Mass.
ii Seguin Otto.
uary 1872 he dissolved partner- 8 Maria, b. San Antonio, June 19, 1867.
9 Emil, b. J a n . 31, 1869; d. y.
ship with Schetelig; and formed 10 Edward, b. Feb. 8, 1870; m. Tosca
partnership with Ed. Fritsch; he Peterson (see Sartor) :
i Adrian, d. y.
was a director of the San Antonio 11 Isabel, b. Dec. 29, 1872.
Electric Light Company, 1881; he IV. Placido (3), b. 1815, San Anto-
d. July 2, 1894 (S. A. Express, July nio; received one-third league of
7, 1894, p. 5). Anton Frederick land as a headright, Feb. 24, 1838
and Paula had: (I, 55); m. Micaela Ximenes, by
1 Henry Fred., b. Fredericksburg, March
9, 1854.
whom, 14 ch., of whom:
1 Antonia, m. Tiburcio Sanches: P . (El
2 Fred., b. San Antonio, J a n . 4, 1856; Paso).
m. Linda Groos; they lived in Torreon, 2 Dolores, m. 1880, Mauricio Riojas
Mex.: (Francisco and Maria Carmen de la
i Frederick Rodriguez, b . Saltillo, Garza, from Buenaventura):
Nov. 19, 1884; m. Laura Lee i Jose,
White, by whom: Fred- Roderic, ii Micaela.
b. Sept. 1914 (Brady, Tex.). 3 Jose Maria, q. s.
ii Paulina Gertrudis, b. Hoboken, 4 Ignacio.
N. Y.. J a n . 15, 1886; m. Dr. W. 5 Micaela, m. Oscar B. Smith.
R. Jamieson, of EI Paso, by 6 Placido, in Mexico.
whom: Evelyn Cameron and Bar- 7 Jesus Prajeres, m. Grace Reeside, wid.
ry, d. of Mr. Metcalf, (Los Angeles, Cal.).
iii Harry A. (Brady, Tex.). 8 Zulema.
iv Alice, m. Robert McCart, Jr., by 9 Francisco.
whom: Alice Roberta (Ft. Worth). 10 Eduardo, m. Manuela Garcia, niece
v Carlos 6 . (Los Angeles, Cal.). of Mrs. Narciso Leal:
vi Robert G. (Los Angeles, Ca!.). i Manuela.
3 Francisca Carolina Rafaela, b. Presi- ii Eduardo.
dio del Norte, 1858; m. April 28, 1888, 11 Maria.
Phillip Tyrrasch: 12 Alejandro, d. y.
i Anita Federica, m. Charles An-
derson, by whom: Barbara and V. Jose Maria (3), m. Georgie Cup-
Charles, J r . pies Smith (Manor, Texas):
ii Linda.
iii Regina. 1 Minnie, m. Robert Hill Traylor.
iv Harry, m. Merle Gordon Howard. 2 Sam Smith, d. y.
4 Edward T., d. y. 3 Joseph Sidney.
5 Elena Maria, b. Presidio del Norte, 4 George Placido, m. Verba CuIIi.
Oct. 23, 1861; m. Dec. 28, 1885, Max- 5 Percy Turner.
imilian Earnhardt Mayer, b. Darm- 6 Alice.
stadt, Germany, Feb. 9, 1861: they h a d :
i Max, Frederick, b. J a n . 5, 1887. 7 Robert Dabney.
ii George Max., S. A. 8 William Henry.
iii Marguerite Olivarri. 9 Margarite, m. Mr. Moore.
iv Amy, m. Charles Janvrin Browne, 10 Louise, d. y.
of New Hampshire, officer in the 11 Virginia Elizabeth.
U. S. A., d. 1928, by whom; Placido Ohvarri, as scout for
Charles Janvrin, Barry Durand,
Barbara Janvrin, and Jean Pilk- Sam Houston, rendered such ef-
ington.
v Barry, m. (in Paris, France), Ma-
ficient service, that Santa Ana of-
rie Guiret, of Limoges; they reside fered a price for his head, it is
at Port Washington, L. I . ; pa- stated. At one time he was oblig-
rents of: Barry, Jr., Jacques, and
Charles. ed to remain in hiding on the
vi Fred (twins), m. Mary Belle
Townsend, parents of Arthur banks of the San Antonio River
James.
vii Isabel Durand, m. Charles P .
for three successive days. He fin-
Hall, of Mississippi, officer in aUy escaped to the ranch of his
the U. S. A., by whom: Gail niece, a sister of Mrs. Rodriguez,
Thornton.
6 Edward Trinidad, b. Altona on Elbe, near Seguin. The Ohvarri home
March 21, 1864; arrived a t San An-
tonio, May 11, 1866.
was N, across from the De La
7 Maria Guadalupe Paula, b. Monterrey, Garza home, facing Soledad St.
?mmm
^::::;;x;x:;v;;::;::::
n
DAES, a presidio on the Louisiana frontier, 7 leagues

from Natchitoches, was founded by Rubi, during his
inspection, and garrisoned by 60 soldiers, "who, with
the Indians in the neighborhood peaceful and Louis-
iana a Spanish province, had nothing to do. Round
about the presidio in a village and on ranches was a
declining population of some 30 famiUes." The parts
of the province beyond San Antonio Rubi regarded as only "imaginary
possessions." His first recommendation, therefore, was "that the Adaes
either be annexed to the governmnt of Louisiana, or that it be ex-
tinguished and the settlers there brought near Bexar, or if they pre-
ferred, aUowed to settle somewhere in Louisiana." He advised fortifica-
tions, and weU garrisoned ones, to protect the citizens of San Fer-
nando de Bexar. He even thought the govemor, residing at Bexar,
should be made commander of the presidio of San Juan Bautista, on
the Rio Grande, "which might be moved nearer Bexar if circumstances
demanded it." As a result of the report of the Marques de Rubi, the
Spanish king issued, on September 10, 1772, the order popularly known
as the "New Regulation of Presidios," which was practically an adop-
tion of Rubi's proposals. The families at Adaes and Los Ais were to
be brought to the vicmity of Bexar and given lands. Viceroy Oconor's
instructions to Govemor Ripperda are dated March 10, 1773. The gov-
emor was to proceed to the frontier and extinguish the two presidios
and four missions. "The settlers were to be brought to the villa of
San Fernando, given lands within the viUa for buUding spots, and out-
side the viUa for pasture and arable lands, and the privUege of mak-
ing at their own expense an irrigating ditch from the San Antonio
River. On returning to Bexar, he was to reorganize the garrison,
choosing for the prescribed 80 men the best in aU three of the com-
panies at Adaes, Orcoquisac, and Bexar. Ripperda was to remain cap-
tain, Cordova and Oranday, lieutenants of the garrisons of Orcoquisac
and Bexar, were to be Ueutenants of the reformed company, while the
aged lieutenant of Adaes, Jose Gonzales, a veteran of some 40 years
of service at the same place, was to be retired with other superannuat-
ed and useless soldiers. The company at Bexar having been reorganized,
a detachment of 20 men was to be sent at once to Arroyo del Cibolo.
The purpose of garrisoning this place was to protect a number of
ranches in the neighborhood, and to cover the long distance between
Bexar and Bahia del Espiritu Santo."
Ripperda, who received these instructions on May 18, 1773, found
a population of approximately 500, "living near the presidio and on
ranches round about Adaes and Los Ais." In a report dated Dec. 15,
1771, we leam that 50 of the soldiers from Adaes were already in Bexar.
The Adaes population "was a mixture of Spanish, French, and In-
dians, and, perhaps, Negroes. Much of the recent growth seems to have
been due to an influx, after Louisiana became a Spanish province, of
French and half-breeds from Natchitoches, some of them Indian

traders."
"The most prominent citizen of the vicinity was Antonio Gil
Ybarro, who becomes the central character of the remainder of this
sketch . . . Ybarro was a native of Adaes, and at the time when this
story opens he was about 44 years old." Accordmg to a statement made
by him in 1792, he was then 63 years old. He was reputed to be a
mulatto, by his enemies, and particularly by Juan Ugalde, comandante
general of the Eastem Internal Provinces, who tried to secure his re-
moval from office (Oct. 30, 1788). "Though his headquarters seem to
have been at Adaes, he was the owner of and lived part of the time
upon a large ranch, caUed El LobaniUo (the Mole or Wart), situated
near the mission of Los Ais, where he had a large amount of stock,
and the beginnings of a fair pueblo. "In addition to his ranching in-
terests he was also a trader, having for several years maintained com-
mercial relations, both at Adaes and El LobaniUo, with a wealthy
French marchant, Nicolas de la Mathe, from Point Coupee, Louisiana."
These trading activities got him into trouble, for according to Hugo
Oconor, who attempted to put an end to contraband trade in Texas,
"at one time Ybarro had been imprisoned several months, in hand-
cuffs, for comphcity in the sale at Natchitoches and New Orleans of
various droves of mules and horses stolen by the Indians from San.
Saba, Bexar, and Bahia." By the Baron de Ripperda, Oconor's succes-
sor, Ybarro was intrusted with the administration of the funds for
purchasing the presidial suppUes, "a responsibUity which he is said to
have discharged wisely and honestly." Ripperda's final order requir-
ed that Adaes be abandoned on June 26. This created a commotion.
"A number of persons, 35 according to the reports, refusing to be thus
evicted, fled to the woods, but shortly after came to El LobaniUo. Most
of the mhabitants, however, prepared to obey the command, though
apparently with bad grace in some cases for complaint was made
agamst Gonzalez that 'when the day for leaving arrived he mounted
a horse and went from house to house, driving the people from them.'"
The weary joumey from Adaes to San Antonio began on June 25.
At El LobaniUo 24 dropped behind, including Ybarro's mother, sister,
and sister-in-law, for whom he procured written permission to re-
main with his son and another fanuly. At mission Nacogdoches 9,
comprising two famihes, dropped but, and here the aged Gonzalez and
two women died, the sergeant taking charge of the march. At Arroyo
del Cibolo, a few more dropped out. The residue straggled into Bexar,
September 26, "foot-sore, and so broken in health that within some 3
months more than 30 others died.
The Adaesans, both at Arroyo del Cibolo and at Bexar, promptly
refused to choose lands or to accept them, for they wished to return
to their homes on the eastem frontier. Eight days after arrival they
petitioned the govemor to this efect. "According to Lieutenant Pa-
checo there were in Bexar in AprU, 1774, 140 men from Adaes capable
of bearmg arms." Ripperda soon found reason to support the Adaes-
ans' request. The Vidais and Texas Indians were becoming too friend-
ly toward the Apaches, the worst enemy of the Spaniards. He there-

fore suggested they carry their petition to the viceroy. On Dcember
10, Ybarbo and GU Flores, those of the refugees who had most to lose,
as they put it to emphasize their importance, were formaUy author-
ized as agent and expedited to the viceroy, with letters from the
govemor.
The Mexican authorities cited Rubi's report, and caUed attention
to the fact that the Adaes had long been the seat of contraband trade
in fire-arms and ammunition, and that in their opinion "and that the
reason why GU Ybarbo and his co-petitioners wished to retum to Los
Ais was to engage in this UUcit trade." A final junta on May 5, "de-
cided to refer the matter, with full testimony, to Oconor, with au-
thority to grant or refuse the request, as he thought best." On the
same day the viceroy referred the decision to Oconor, he instructed
Ripperda not to permit Ybarbo and Flores to go to Natchitoches un-
der any consideration, but added that he should give them aid in
locating the Adaesans "in a suitable place."
Taking advantage of the elasticity of this latter clause, Ripperda,
temporarily in charge of the matter untU Oconor's interferance, de-
signated a site on the right bank of the Trinity River, at Paso Tomas,
at the crossing of the Old San Antonio Road and the La Bahia Road,
above the mouth of Bidais Creek, modem Robbin's Ferry, at the old
vUlage of Randolph, in Madison County. But evU motives were at-
tributed to the selection of this site, especiaUy as the Vidais, the chief
intermediaries between French and Apache contraband, hved nearby.
"As soon as Oconor gave the governor's choice any attention, he re-
ported what he knew of Ybarbo's previous career and of smuggling at
Adaes before its abandonment, and proceeded to say that the Adaesans
had been located by Ripperda in 'the place which better than any
other enables them to engage in UUcit trade and to encourage the
northem Indians in stealing droves of horses from the presidios of
San Antonio de Bejar, Bahia del Espiritu Santo, and even as far as
Laredo, as lately has been done. Moreover, the Trinity River facUitates
navigation to the Opelusas and the neighborhood of New Orleans it-
self. Hence, it is concluded that the citizens established on the Trinity
have better facUities than formerly for their contraband trade." But
Ripperda's friends might remark that for him to have been tolerant
with French traders would have been quite consistent with his desire
to keep on good terms with the Indians, over whom the French held
great influence.
"Preparations for removal of the Adaesans to the Trinity were
made in August, 1774. Before leaving Bexar the emigrants chose for
their prospective settlement the name of Nuestra Senora del Pilar de
Bucareli, [Pilar de los Adaes], and at the same time invoking the
patronage of the viceroy, Antonio Maria de BucareU y Ursua... GU
Ybarbo was made captain of the company and justicia mayor of the
prospective pueblo, since he was, as Ripperda said, 'the best fitted
and the most acceptable to his compatriots.' Gil Flores was appomted
lieutenant and Juan de la Mora alferez."
"Because of the poverty of the Adaesans, only a part of the fam-

Uies, including at the most not more than 70 fuU-grown men, could
get together an outfit for the exodus, and even these had to be aided
by the missions with a supply of com." Ybarbo said that a 'large
portion" of them remained at Bexar, though nearly all of them de-
clared their intention to foUow. "Thus the Uttle band of ignorant,
poverty-stricken colonists had been able, through the aid of the gov-
ernor, the vacUlation of the viceroy, the delays of Oconor, and the per-
sonal force of their leader, Ybarbo, to circumvent the royal pohcy."
By June, 1777, Ybarbo reported more than 50 houses "of hewn wood*,
corrals, fields, roads cut open, and an improved river crossing,"at
BucareU.
"Ybarbo found French traders from Adaes and Natchitoches among
the Vidais Indians when he first went to estabUsh Bucareli. Some of
them, whose Spanish wives went to Uve at BucareU, applied for res-
idence there, which, according to Ripperda, was granted only upon
condition of their giving up Indian trade. BucareU had scarcely been
founded when La Mathe, apparently king of the Indian traders, ar-
rived at the place, with a pass from the govemor authorizing him to
'collect some debts'—a subterfuge, more than likely, to enable him to
continue his traffic... he put himself into the good graces of the
community by buUding a church for it, but one is inclined to be skep-
tical when told that he did this through extreme piety alone, parti-
cularly when informed by one of Ybarbo's admirers that La Mathe
and Ybarbo kept up former relations during the whole existence of
BucareU, buying and seUing of each other, just as before." Ripperda
was instructed (July, 1775), in consequence of a report to the viceroy
by Cazorla, to report upon the reputed disorders at Bucareli. Then
Oconor expressed to the viceroy (December 31) the strongest con-
demnation of BucareU, recommending that the matter be taken out
of Ripperda's hands and put into Cazorla's, giving him authority to
distribute the Bucareli settlers at Bexar, Bahia and Arroyo del Cibolo
as the royal order had required. A change of administration, when the
CabaUero de Croix became comandante general, independent of the
viceroy, gave BucareU an additional term of grace, "and, of more im-
portance, it transferred the supervision of the interests of Texas from
Oconor, the main opponent of BucareU, to Croix, who was not only op-
posed to the royal pohcy of withdrawing from East Texas, but who
also enjoyed a high degree of independence in his office." When the
new government's attention was finaUy brought to Bucareli, the fate
of the place had already been decided independently of govemmental
authority.
A series of Comanche raids so frightened the little undefended
vUlage, that by 1779, the settlers began to appeal either for protection
or for permission to remove to the neighborhood of the Texas villages
to the eastward; they did not ask to go to Bexar. "On January 25 the
larger part of the famUies, including Ybarbo's own, began to leave.
Two days later Father Garza set off on foot with the sick and the
church treasures in his care, Ybarbo remaining behind with 20 men
to protect the famihes and to guard the stock and goods left in the
flight untU the owners might retum for them. Incident to the de-
parture of these famiUes, either by accident or design, half of the
houses of the place were destroyed by fire."
"Now an adidtional reason for deserting Bucareli represented it-
self in the form of a flood. On the night of February 14, accordmg
to the story, the Trinity River overflowed its banks, rose to half the
height of the houses of the pueblo, and drowned part of the remaining
stock. The women and chUdren and some of the stock were saved on
improvised boats and rafts and removed to higher land quite a distance
from the river. Here the people remained a few days, when they
were again molested by Comanches, who, after what was reported to
be an aU night siege, ran off 38 head of horses that had been saved
from the deluge, and then kUled, nearby- half a dozen Indians friendly
to the Spanish. After this raid, haste was made to remove the people
in boats to the east bank of the river, but here they were again dis-
turbed by the Indians. Being now thoroughly frightened by the In-
dians and evited by fire and flood, Ybarbo at once set out for the
Texas country with the remainder of the settlers."
"On the way he apparently picked up the people who had gone on
before and who were living scattered among the Indians. The journey
was continued toward the northeast 'until,' to use the words of Ybarbo
in his report to Croix, 'there were seen the site of the Texas Indians
and, three leagues beyond, the old mission of Nacogdoches, where there
was a smaU chapel in which the reverend father may perform the holy
sacraments and a house where he may Uve, as well as plenty of water,
lands, and materials for houses."... this entry of Ybarbo's into the
abandoned mission was the beginning of the modem city of Nacog-
doches, for the contmuous existence of a settlement there from this
time forward can be traced."
"With the occupation of Nacogdoches begins a new and important
epoch in the history of the Spanish regime on the Texas-Louisiana
frontier, and of the developments there Nacogdoches instead of Adaes
becomes the center. The trading house asked for by Ybarbo was es-
tabUshed and the Indian trade was reorganized. Nacogdoches, through
being made the headquarters for the trade and the distribution of
presents among the dozen or more tribes in whose midst it lay, be-
came the most important Indian agency in the province, whUe Yharbo,
as head of the community, became among the Indians of the north-
east the most influential Spaniard of his day."324
324 This entire account is taken from Bolton, "Spanish Abandonment and Re-Occupation
of East Texas," in Quarterly, IX, 67-137.
LIST OF THOSE FROM ADAES

Who Received Land Grants
—1793—
Manuel Martmez. Francisco Zerda.

Jose Ma. Rodriguez. Fernando Zerda.
Manuel de los Santos. Gaspar Ydalgo.
Joaquin Musques. Sipriano Losoya.
Mariano SaUnas. Jose de Zepeda.
Juan Martmez. Manuel de la Cruz.
Manuel Franco. Manuel Losoya.
Bernardo Zervantes. Luis Hemandez.
Francisco Carmona. Jose Serafin Manzolo.
Luis de Castro. Jose Alcala.
Nepo San Miguel. Ambrocio Zepeda.
Manuel de Alcala. Diego de Herrera.
Felix Guerrero. Tomas Maldonado.
Francisco Antonio Guerrero Teodoro de la Zerda.
Luis Ramires. Pablo Flores.
Domingo Carmona. Antonio Chiver.
Juan de la Zerda. _ _
L r e M 0 Ramos
Jose Ramires. ° '
Matias del Rio. Xavier de Zepeda.
Jose Antonio Acosta. Luis Cruz.
G7L YBARBO
Matheo Antonio Gil y Barbo was a member of the first expedi-
tion to the province of Texas. He hved for many years in the presi-
dio of the Adaes, in which vicinity he had a competent rancho. He m.
1723, Juana Lasgarda Hemandez; they had: Juana Antonia, baptised
in 1728; with godparents Lt. Matheo Perez and his wife, Maria de
San Juan; had:
I. Antonio, who Uved for many years in the presidio of Adaes; and
who managed the rancho, El LobaniUo. He was permitted to reside
in the territory of the Aix, 25 leagues to the west of the Adaes. He
was appomted Captain of MUicias of the Pueblo of Our Lady del PUar
de Bucarely, February 1, 1778, for valuable services rendered there.325
At BucareU, he and his men served without pay and had furnished
their own arms and ammunition. "He asked, therefore, shortly before
leaving the place, that arms and ammunition be furnished him and his
men, and that they be paid for time spent in actual service." Both,
Ripperda and his successor, CabeUo, supporting his request, Croix in
October, 1779, assigned him a salary of 500 pesos a year; CabeUo at the
same time conferring on him the title of Liteutenant-Govemor of the
Pueblo of Nacogdoches. He was now kept on the frontier "through the
positive desire of CabeUo and Croix to maintain an influence over the
325 B. A. January-August. 1778; and No. 91, 1775-1777. See Bolton, "Texas in the Mid-
dle 18th Century." 388, 390, 406 and 438.
Indians of the northeast." "His Ufe at Adaes and El LobaniUo had

given him some knowledge of Indian character, and now, by his four
years in a position of responsibUity, and at the same time of semi-in-
dependence, at BucareU, he so extended his acquaintance with the
natives and his knowledge of Indian affairs that he became very in-
fluential among the tribes of East Texas. During these four years, he
made—according to his own statement—in addition to hostUe cam-
paigns against the Comanches, no less than three friendly tours among
the northern Indians and as many to the coast for the double pur-
pose of conducting Indian relations and looking for Englishmen
[Ybarbo to Ripperda, June 30, 17771. The govemor ordered Lieutenant
Arocha, when he founded BucareU, to go with Ybarbo to invade the
Vidais, Texas, Quitseis, Yscanes, and, if possible, the more distant
tribes, to come and hve near the new establishment. Before Arocha
retumed to Bexar he and Ybarbo were able, through lack of horses,
to visit only the Texas and the Vidais. But later, through friendly
visits, presents, and other inducements, Ybarbo graduaUy attracted va-
rious bands to the vicinity of BucareU to Uve or to trade and receive
presents. In March, 1778, he went with Mezieres and made a treaty
with the Tonkawas, one of the conditions of which was that this tribe
should regularly be visited by a trader. On the same expedition he.
Garza, and Mezieres persuaded part of the Xaranames Uving among
the Tawakanas to return to their mission at Bahia. The most note-
worthy of these expedition was that made in 1777 to the mouth of the
Sabine River. In the summer of that year a trader stationed among
the Orcoquisac Indians reported to Ybarbo that in the mouth of the
Neches River there was a stranded EngUsh vessel laden with bricks;
that the bricks had been given to the Opelousas and the Atakapas
Indians near by; and that there was another vessel in the mouth of
the Trinity. Ybarbo at once got together 30 men and started for the
coast, going first to the Orcoquisac town. The Indians here told him
that the EngUsh had entered the Neches with smaU vessels to trade
with the natives; that in the summer of 1774 they had remamed long
enough to sow a crop; and that the vessel now lying in the Neches had
arrived in the previous May (1777), had missed the channel, and strand-
ed, the occupants withdrawing, but promising to return. Ybarbo scold-
ed the Indians for not reporting the matter promptly, and then, with
ten men and two paid Indian guides, he reconnoitered the coast. He
passed eastward along the shore and came upon the vessel, apparent-
ly in Sabine Lake. It stUl contained some bricks, but nothing else.
Such other things as had been on board were seen in the possession
of the near-by Atakapas. These Indians told Ybarbo that the EngUsh
had left three men to guard the vessel until the main party should
return, but nothing was seen of them by the Spaniards. Ybarbo next
returned to reconnoiter the mouth of the Trinity, but he did not find
the vessel reported to have been there. Near the shore some distance
farther west, however, he found an EngUshman, lost and nearly naked.
Ybarbo understood him to say that his name was Bautista MUer, that
he had come from Jamaica bound for the Mississippi with a Captain
named Jose David, who in order to rob him of some coffee, whiskey,
and five negroes, had cast him adrift in a canoe, and that he had
been lost for seven months . . . Before returning to BucareU, Ybarbo
made a map of the coast from Sabine Pass to a point some distance
west of the Trinity River. The sketch has historical value, particularly
as it helps us to locate with some accuracy the old Spanish presidio
of Orcoquisac. After an absence of 22 days, Ybarbo retumed with
MUer in custody, and reported his exploit to Croix. Wishing to ascer-
tain the truth about the other EngUsh vessel, Ripperda dispatched a
second expedition, composed of 50 men, including Ybarbo and 30 of his
mUitia, to reconnoiter the coast from where Ybarbo had left off to the
Colorado. The party set out from BucareU July 11, 1777, but what it
accomphshed does not appear."326
In fact, by 1807, Ybarbo's importance had become so weU known,
that whenever the province of Texas was spoken of in Mexico, his
memory was recaUed.327
Ybarbo was promoted to the rank of Captam of MiUtia, and per-
sonally thanked for his work among the Indians, by Croix, at the
great council held in San Antonio de Bexar, January 12, 1778.328
His wUl, dated May 19, 1800, was probated in San Antonio in 1800,
where he had retired and was living. His hbrary was one of the best
of the time and place. He had two volumes of the RecopUacion de In-
dias, La Curia FUipica, Paz; eight volumes of La Libreria de Juezes,
Melgarejo; two volumes of Nuestra Madre Agreda; two volumes of
Cartas de la Virgen, Montenegro; and other books. He also possessed
old silver and furniture. He had seven slaves for his domestic estab-
lishment. His stone house in San Antonio has already been mention-
ed in connection with the Barrera shop. He had frame houses in Na-
cogdoches, and the ranch as weU.
Antonio GU Ybarbo, m. st, Maria PadUla; and m. 2nd, Guadalupe
de Herrera, it would seem, a close relative of Encarnacion PuUdo, wife
of Juan Barrera. Permission for the 2nd marriage (from which there
were no posterity), was receiced from De Nava, dated January 26,
1796.329 By the 1st, m.: Mariano; Marcos, q. s.; Maria Antonia; and
Maria Josefa.
n . Marcos (2), came to San Antonio from the Adaes in 1788; m. 1st,
Gertrudis San Miguel; and m. 2nd, 1788, Antonia Ruiz (Juan Manuel
and Manuela de la Pena).
There is also record of Antonio Ybarbo, m. Ana Maria de Urrutia, whose son, Juan
Joseph, was b. San Jose Mission, 1778; though there is no intimation of relationship with
the family above.
Christoval Gil, m. Rafaela Orosco, and their son Juan Joseph was confirmed in 1759.
Jose Gil, m. Maria Rita Herrera, and they had (1) Jose Maria de Jesus, who came to
San Antonio, "ca" 1794, from Bahia; m. 1807, Maria Josefa Guerrero (Matias and Maria
Matiana Ramon) ; resided a t San Juan Mission; and (2) Jose Apolinario, who came to San
Antonio during his youth, from Boca de Leones; m. 1798, Maria Josefa Flores (Pablo and
Manuela del Rio).
326 Bolton, in Quarterly. IX. 135-136, 117-119.

327 A. G. M., "Historia" 544, p. 413, para. 579.
328 Morfi, Diary, in "Documentos para la Historia de Mexico, Tercera Serie, Viage de
Indios y Diario", I, 306-487, 1856, in Garcia Library, the Univ. of Tex.
329 B. A. This m. is also mentioned in Sp. Ar., deed, Torivio Durdn to Antonio Gil y
Barbo, Oct. 24, 1803.
ZEPEDA 16 Jose Maria de la Cruz, b. 1798.

II. Juan Jose (2), b. 1802; m. Ma-
Ignacio Zepeda m. Maria Anto- ria Concepcion Leal (Juan and
nia Gertrudis Ximenes (?Joseph Luisa de Urrutia):
and Maria Flores Valdes), and 1 Jose Manuel, q. s.
they had Juan Nepomuceno, b. 2 Maria Sabina, b. 1805.
1746, and Ignacio, who m. Josefa LLT. Jose Manuel (1), b. 1802; m.
Flores (Jose Francisco and Juana 1822, Maria Antonia Rodriguez
Francisca Padron), parents of Pe- (Jose Antonio and Josefa- Fa
dro Jose Prudencio, b. 1818. rias):
1 Jose Miguel, q. s.
Ambrocio Zepeda, m. Francisca 2 Maria Carmen, b. 1825.
Hemandez and they had Juan 3 Juan Jose Bartoloma, b. 1829.
Jose, confirmed, 1749. IV. Jose Miguel (1), b. 1823; most
Francisco Xavier Zepeda, a hkely m. Miguela or Micaela Flo-
soldier from San Luis de la Ama- res:
1 Nicolas, and
rUlas, son of Francisco and Maria 2 J u a n Severino, twins, b. 1840.
3 Vicente Severiano. b. 1845.
Josefa Sanches, m. 1759, Teresa 4 Josefa, b. 1847.
Guerrero (Onofre and Maria Lu- 5
6
Eufemia, b. 1849.
Manuel Jesus, b. 1852.
cretia Martmez), widow of Cle- Early in the 19th century, Vi-
mente Flores. cent and Victoriano Zepeda left
I. Marcos Zepeda, b. 1748, at Mexico, as they were not Royal-
Santa Rosa, came to San Antonio ists, and came to San Antonio.
from the Adaes, where he had Vicente had descendants who
served in the army from January Uved on the river below San An-
25, 1768 to 1772.330 He m. Justa tonio.
Refina Travieso (Vicente and Ma- I. Victoriano m. Francisco Her-
ria Ana Curbelo): nandez, of Mexico:
1 Maria Concepcion, m. Juan Delgado 1 Jose Casimiro de Jesus, q. s.
(Amador and Casiana Galvan).
2 Juan Jose Ignacio Carlos, q. s. 2 Antonio:
3 Vicente, m. 1st, Maria Ignacia Delga- i Victoriano, father of Fidencio,
d o ; and m. 2nd, 1799, Mariana Ro- who m .Josefa Tarin Delgado;
driguez (Salvador and Gertrudis de la parents of Beatrice and Lilia.
4
Pena). widow of Ignacio Flores.
Joseph Lorenzo, b. 1773.
LT. Jose Casimiro (1), b. 1824; m.
5 Manuel Luciano, b. 1778. 1850, Juana Rodriguez, of Mexico,
6 Maria Josefa Trinidad, b. 1780. widow of Antonio Peres:
7 Maria Rosalia, b. 1781; m. Melchor
Leal (Juan and Luisa de Urrutia). 1 Jesus, q. s.
8 Manuel, b. 1782; godparents: Vicente HI. Jesus (1).:
Flores and Antonia Fuentes; m. 1st,
Maria Soils Zapata (Ignacio Joaquin 1 Victoriana, b. 1850.
and Matilde Escalera) ; and m. 2nd, 2 Victoriano, m. 1872, Catarina Trevino
1822, Antonia Padilla (Francisco and (Pedro and Manuela Torres).
Maria Dolores Delgado); by the 1st LOSOYA
m.:
i Maria Concepcidn, b. 1813. I. Manuel Antonio Losoya, one of
ii Juan Jose, b. 1815.
by the 2nd m . : the Aguayo Expedition, was
iii J u a n Francisco Cresencio, b. 1823.
iv Juan Jose Felix, b. 1831. Lieutenant at the Adaes, and
9
10
Ana Josefa Rosalia, b. 1785.
Maria Nicolasa, b. 1787.
participated in the re-establish-
11 Maria Luisa, b. 1789. ment of the Adaes district, ac-
12 Jose Francisco Rosalia, b. 1790. cording to his testimony, in the
13 Maria Gertrudis, b. 1792.
14 Maria Catarina, b. 1792; m. 1st. Vi- Bexar Archives, 1751. He pur-
cente Trevino (Diego and Rita Garcia);
and m. 2nd ( ? ) : chased from the widow Maria An-
i Mariano,
ii Ignacio.
tonia Ximenes, September 12,
15 Francisco Xavier, b. 1795. 1784, a 12-v. lot with jacal and
330 B. A., No. 55, "Diligencias," p. 28; and "Noticias," 1792.
kitchen. He m. Concepcion Be- CERVANTES

nites:
1 Jose Seferino, q. s. I. Jose Bernardo Cervantes, or
2 Jose Antonio Lino, b. 1785.
3 Maria Josefa.
Zerbantes, was a witness in San
II. Jose Seferino (1), b. 1782; a Antonio in 1790, and at that time
soldier of the 2nd Co. of MUitia, stated that he was 66 years of
San Antonio; m. Teresa Rivas age.33i He m. Maria Luisa Ber-
(Pedro and Antonia Vela): ban:
1 Maria Antonia. m. 1st, Jose Antonio 1 Jos-6 Maria, b. 1765, the Adaes; volun-
Hernandez; and m. 2nd, 1840, Jose teered for military service in San An-
Maria Nandin (Tacomo and Maria tonio .November 1, 1786, according to
Encamacidn Valdes). the B. A. of t h a t year.
2 Maria Alejandra Zeferina, b. 1806. 2 Joseph Marcelo, q. s.
3 Jose Bernardino, b. 1809. 3 Joseph Anselmo, b. 1777.
4 Maria Refugia, b. 1811.
5 Jose Antonio, b. 1813. H. Marcelo (2), b. 1773; m. 1797,
6 Teodora Concepcion, b. 1814. Juana Maria Martines (Juan and
Francisco Losoya, m. Catarina Posos
and they were the parents of 7 ch. (b. Clara Hernandez):
1773-1785). 1 Agapito, q. s.
Ciprian Losoya, m. 1st, Juana Ber-
b a n ; they had Maria Josefa, b. 1774; and 2 Jose Maria, d., S. A.
m. 2nd, 1778, Prudencia Hernandez, wid. LLT. Agapito (1), served under
of Felipe Neri del Valle; they had Joseph
Manuel de San Luis, b. 1779. Placido Benavides, at the storm-
I. Miguel Antonio Losoya, b. 1738, ing of Bexar in 1835; m. Maria
acording to the B. G., m. Maria Luisa Rocha (sister of Mrs. Jose
del PUar Hidalgo, b. 1760: PoUcarpio Rodriguez):
1 Maria Josefa. b. 1774. 1 J u a n Nepomuceno, q. s.
2 Joseph Domingo, b. 1784; petitioner 2 Manuel, m. Zenobia Ramires:
for lot in Valero neighborhood; m.
Guadalupe Ramon (Jose Agustin and i Leonides.
Maria Josefa Perez). ii Rosa, m. J u a n Vidal (Alejandro
3 Ventura, q. s. and Alejandra Trapnell).
iii Luis. m. November 16. 1887, Ani-
IE. Ventura (3), m, Concepcion ta Vidal, sister of Juan, and wid.
of Federico Cantu.
de los Angeles (Pedro and Maria iv Carlos, m. Oct. 17, 1897, Adela
Estrada): Vidal (Adolfo and Antonia Del-
gado), niece of Juan and Anita;
1 JosS Toribio. b. 1808.
2 ?Juan Anselmo, q. s. they had: Carlos, Jr., and Ma-
nuel.
HE. Juan Anselmo (2?), after 3 Ramon, m. twice.
whom Losoya Street was named, 4 Francisco, m. Bonifacia Quinones:
i Ofelia, m . : P .
b. 1822; m. 1842, Juana Rocha ii Antonio, ra. twice: P.
5 Filomena, m. J u a n Jose Calderon (Juan
(Mateo and Victoriana Herrera): Fran, and Juana) ; parents of
1 Maria Concepcion Refugia. b. 1844. i Manuel, m. A. A. Stowe: 3 ch.
2 Jos-e Miguel. ii Juan Jose, m. Anita Moran: 2 ch.
3 Apolinaria de Jesus, b. 1850. iii Eliseo. m . : P .
4 Leandro. q. s.
IV. Leandro (4), m. 1887, Santa IV. Juan N. (1), m. Maria Pru-
Casanova (Melquiades and Trini- dencia Sanches (widow of Jose
dad Casias): Maria Ramon, by whom she had:
Jose Maria and ClotUde), of La-
1 Leandro, J r .
2 Antonio. redo:
3 Federico. 1 Lucinda, m. Anacleto Vidaurri, of La-
4 Delfina, m. Mr. Cruz. redo.
5 Juana, m. Mr. Esquivel. 2 Eulalio, q. s.
6 Maria, m. Mr. Perez. 3 Damas, b. 1867; m. twice: S. P.
7 Sofia, m. Mr. Esquivel.
8 Santa, m. Mr. Newton. V. Eulalio (2), Febmary 12, 1862;
Leandro Losoya, d. Aug. 23, 1929. His
home was at 323 Varga St. He left a
brother Epigmenio. according to the " S .
m. December 29, 1919 Maria Bian-
A. Light" (Aug. 26, 1929). and a sister, ca EscamiUa, of Guadalajara:
Mrs. Apolonia L. Krespe; and 26 grand- S. P.
children.
331 B. A., 11-1-1790, No. 70.

RIVAS Captain
tillo; his
Francisco Rivas was from Sal-
daughter Josefa. m. Jose Anto-
nio de la Garza, parents of Rafael, who
I. Pedro Rivas, from the Presidio m. Josefa Veramendi.
of Santa Rosa, m. Maria Antonia Antonio
Feliciano,
Rivas, m. Isabel Seguin: Jose
b. 1820.
Vela: After the cemetery was remov-
1 Francisco Antonio, q. s.
LT. Francisco Antonio (1), who ed to present Milam Square and
came to San Antonio in his youth, the Santa Rosa Hospital site,
what is now West Houston Street,
most Ukely with his parents, from was called Campo Santo Street.
Presidio of Rio Grande. He d. Eduardo Rivas and his wife Tere-
February, 1847; m. 1798, Josefa de sa Valdes resided at the NE cor-
los Santos Coy (Francisco and ner of this and Laredo St., and
Refugia Ramon), ca 1779, d. July, in consequence, Campo Santo St.
1845. became known as Rivas St. In
1 Maria Gertrudis, b. 1799, whose god-
father was Philip Nolan; m. 1813, Jo- 1849, startmg at present Santa
se Antonio de la Garza. Rosa Ave., and going west, it was
2 Juan Manuel, b. 1800; m. 1824, Maria
Gertrudis Menchaca (Jose and Marga- caUed North Street by some.
rita Chaves):
i Jose Luis, m. 1846, Guadalupe de
East Houston St. was known as
la Garza: the Paseo, or walk, for it was
a Jose Maria Vicente, b. 1848. customary to stroU toward the
ii Maria de Jesus, b. 1829.
iii Nomencio, b. 1833. Valero mission settlement on that
iv Juan Manuel, b. 1841; m. 1877,
Ana Garcia (Francisco and Prn- way.
dencia), of Monterrey,
v Maria Emilia, b. 1842. CUELLAR
vi Antonio, b. 1846 .
3 Jose Eduardo Jesus Trinidad, b. 1815,
q. s. I. Asencio CueUar, from SaltUlo,
4 Maria Isabel Cecilia, b. 1818; m. Ce- m. Refugia de la Garza:
sario Menchaca, of Santa Rosa.
5 Santiago, b. 1820. 1 Rafaela, m. 1805, Jose Maria Ramires
6 Rafael Bias, b. 1822. (Jose Maria and Maria Rosalia de la
7 Jose Antonio Gervasio, b. 1801. Fuente):
i Jose Dionicio. b. 1808.
ii Jose Tiburcio. b. 1810.
m . Eduardo (3), m. Teresa Val- 2 Jose Maria, b. 1794, a soldier in the
des, widow of Nicolas Flores: infantry; m. 1812, Maria
Falcon.
Vitoriana
1 Antonio P., q. s. 3 Manuel Maria, b. 1796.
2 Josefa, m. 1st, Marcos Flores: 4 Jose Figenio, b. 1798; m. 1st, Gregoria
i Alfred (in New York). Casillas:
ii Antonio. i Juan Francisco, and
iii Marcos, ii Maria Rita, twins, b. 1826.
and m. 2nd, Francisco Vela (of Flores- and m. 2nd, Maria Ignacia Dias:
ville): i Mariano, b. 1832.
i Maria. 5 Jose Simon, b. 1801.
ii Francisco. 6 Jose Luis, b. 1802; m. Maria Suniga
iii Victoria. (Pedro and Juana Maria Dias):
iv. Ofelia. i Maria Ilaria, b. 1833.
IV. Antonio P. (1), m. Maria ARRIOLA
Quintana:
1 Eduardo (living at 503 E. Courtland), Juan Ramos de Arriola m. Isa-
m. 1st, Elizabeth Marmion: S. P . ; and bel de la Fuente: Juana Petra, m.
m. 2nd, Minnie Egli Shafer: S. P .
2 Antonio, q. s. 1756, Juan Joseph Ramon Resio
3 Adelaida, m. Francisco Asis Chapa:
i Isabel.
de Leon.
ii Francisco, m. Blanche Laborde, Joseph Marcelino Arriola m.
from Rio Grande City; by whom: Juana Maria Palacios: Joseph
Marie Ernestine, b. 1917; and
Beatrice. Asencio, b. 1769; and Maria Veral-
V. Antonio (2), m. Enriqueta Ta- da de la Trinidad, b. 1771.
mez: I. Christoval Arriola, from Mon-
1 Joe.
2 Edward. terey, m. Maria de Ochoa:
3 David (were living in Mexico). 1 Jose Estanislao, q. s.
IT. Jose Estanislao (1), came to golden hair. Two of his sons
San Antonio from Monterrey, and have served as members of the
was a tailor, according to Expe- police force. The home of this
diente No. 121, 1792, B. A. He m. famUy adjoined that of the Tre-
Ana Petra de la Pena (Ignacio vihos and was in the immediate
and Francisca Orrutia): rear of the present Frost Bank
1 Gabriel, q. s.
2 Jose Leandro, b. 1804; m. Polonia
Bldg." He m. Dominga Garcia
Fuentes (Cresencio and Gertrudis Dias): (Alejandro and Casimira Soto, of
i Jose Maria Jesus, b. 1833.
ii Maria Tomasa, b. 1843.
Laredo); they had 8 ch.:
iii Jose Angeles, b. 1849. 1 Lorenzo, q. s.
3 Maria Dolores, m. 1824, Juan Maria 2 Rafael, m. Juliana Flores, sister of
Amador. Refugia:
4 Maria Josefa Juliana, b. 1809. i Tules, m. Rafael Garza: P . (in
Von Ormy).
III. Gabriel (1), b. 1799; m. Ma- ii Margarita,
ria Riberas: iii Maria.
iv Elvira, m. Antonio Casias: P . (in
1 Gabriel, b. 1840. Von Ormy).
3 Maria, m. Antonio P. Rivas (Eduardo
QUINTANA and Teresa Valdes).
4 Jesusita, m. Fran k Marie Giraud.
I. Rafael Quintana, native of 5 Emilia.
6 Jose, m. Teresa Cuellar:
Mahon, Minorca, Balearic Islands, i Jose m. Margarita Klaus; parents
Spain. "He came to Texas as the of Alton and Gerome.
7 Isabel, m. Romaldo Peres.
band master of the regimental 8 Geronimo, d.: S. A.
band of United States Dragoons.
He was a very large, tall and II. Lorenzo (1), m. Refugia Flo-
powerful man. Although the res, of Von Ormy, Texas:
leader, or chief musician of this 1 Dominga, m. a Solis:
i Maria, lived at Collins Gardens.
band he frequently served as its 2 Jorge.
drum major. His daughters, aU 3 Casimira.
4 Antonia.
of whom are beautiful women," 5 Trinidad, d. y.
6 Lorenzo, d. y.
says Barnes, "were blondes with 7 Alberto.
CASSIANO
(• — — • —M E T us now consider the outstanding patriot and man

ra^^VST rffli^ll of affairs, Guiseppe Cassini, known in Texas as Jose
Cassiano. He was bora in 1791, at San Remo, near Ge-
noa, on the Italian Riviera, the son of Geronimo Cas-
sini and CataUna Cabassa. He was a ship owner, and
experienced on the seas. He procured a British
passport and phed his own way to New Orleans.
This passport was dated November 20, 1816, and
was signed by Alexander TurnbuU, Consul of Great
Britain at MarseUles, and issued to Guiseppe Cas-
sini, "inhabitant" of Gibraltar. It has not been ascertained whether
he became a naturahzed British subject or not. That he admired
the principles of independence, and the Anglo-Saxon, can hardly be
doubted. In his last wUl and testament, he let it be clearly known
that he was bom in San Remo, "in the former RepubUc of Genoa";
he also let it be known that he had become an American citizen. There
is a tradition that he knew the cachets of Lafitte; and that he be-
lieved, in love and warfare aU was fair. That he amassed a veritable
fortune cannot be questioned. He was a friend to the Americans and
the cause of liberty in Texas. It is stated that he made an important
loan in cash to Sam Houston, and that he was most instrumental in
financing the Texas war of independence. He did so much in fact,
that on June 21, 1836, Thomas J. Rusk, Brig. General in Command, is-
sued instructions to the appropriate authorities that Cassiano be per-
mitted to embark aboard any vessel, with his family, servants and
household effects, to return to New Orleans; and at the same time,
that he be freely permitted to bring back into any of the ports, Gal-
veston, Velasco or Matagorda, any provisions or goods he might choose
to import into Texas. In the winter of 1835, his home and store were
given over to the Texas army when they took possession of San An-
tonio. Cassiano offered to present the Government of the United
States 500 A. of land situated on the Rio Grande, just opposite the
Presidio del Rio Grande; this contract was signed in 1849 by E. B. Bab-
bitt, Quartermaster of the U. S. A., and by Jose Cassiano; these sign-
atures were witnessed by W. W. Harrison.
Jose Cassiano, who died January 1, 1862, m. four times: he m. 1st,
Josefa Menchaca; 2nd, Gertrudis Peres, the widow of Govemor
Antonio Cordero; 3rd, 1833, Margarita Valdes (Jose and Maria Juana
Gonzales); and 4th, 1842, Trinidad Soto (Miguel and Jesusa Trevmo),
though they were separated shortly after marriage, and never again
Uved together. The Cassiano homestead was the old Ignacio Peres
property, on Dolorosa St., between the Plazas, which was enherited by
Gertrudis Peres. The Samuel Mavericks on their way to San Antonio,
enjoyed the hospitahty of the Cassiano famUy at their ranch. The

Mavericks also accepted the further hospitahty of the Cassianos, by
spending their first few months in San Antonio, during the summer of
1838, in the Cassiano plaza homestead.
Jose Cassiano and Gertrudis Pe- other son Miguel, m. Victoriana Decker,
parents of Miguel, J r . Another son was
res had one son: Juan Antonio. A daughter Dominga,
1 Jose, q. s. m. Rafael Quintana; and another
daughter Carlota m. Eugenio Ruiz.
II. Jose (1), b. 1827, in the old Pe- Jose £ . Garcia's m. with Isabel Cas-
siano is recorded in the San Fernando
res homestead; generaUy known as archives. Book II, No. 203, copied from
"Ignacio," who d. November 15, Court House records: witnesses to this
m. were Miguel and Carlota Garcia.
1882; m. 1847, Margarita Rodriguez Casimira Soto was a niece of Alejandro
Trevino. In a deed, complying with a n
(Rufino and Dolores Ruiz): agreement of December 3, 1853, in
1 Gertrudis, b- November 19, 1847; d. favor of Maria de Jesus Trevino, the
February 27, 1926; m. Charles P. Smith, old Trevino property is described as
an ordinance officer of the U. S. A. (d. a tract of land fronting on the Main
March 18. 1923), son of William H. or Public Square, and on Commerce
who lived in Pittsburg, founder and St,, "being the corner where C. J.
proprietor of the "Pittsburg Post," and Cooke has his store and the adjacent
Sarah Phillips, of Philadelphia. Wil- Buildings, and running back to Tre-
liam H. was the son of Henry Smith, vino St., which connects the two Pla-
an early settler in Philadelphia: zas, in said city, including the build-
i Charles Cassiano. who now has ing where said store is situated, the
the Cordero heirlooms, realtor. one where the "Ledger" Office is
ii Stella. situated, the one used as a City Sur-
iii Adele, d. y. veyor's Office, and the houses, out-
iv Margaret Cassiano, living at home- houses and buildings occupied by said
stead Jones Ave., now N. St. Trevino, and fronting on said Trevino
Mary's St. (No. 2717). St."—Vol. M-l, 317. Isabel and Jose
v Alfred W., d. y. Evaristo had:
vi Alfred, d. y. i Alberto Miguel Cassiano, violin-
vii Roland, d. y. ist,
2 Frank. ii Carlota, m. George R. Pena, of
3 Margarita, m. Ignacio Gonzales: 2 ch., Hebronville, parents of George,
d. y. Jr.
4 Josefa. iii Ernesto, adopted by Carlota Gar-
5 Jose. m. Pauline Hafner: cia and Eugenio Ruiz, and takes
i Lucita, d. y. the name Ruiz; m. Teodora Ova*
ii Frank, m. Pinkie Jones, niece of He, of Corpus Christi; they h a d :
Gus Jones, ex-mayor: S. P. Enrique, Maria, Rita, Carmen,
iii Joe. Cecilia Carlota, and Eugenio.
iv Alice, d. y.
v Henry. LT. Jose Fermin (1), d. January 23,
6 Albert, m. 1887; m. February 5, 1857, Toma-
7 Guadalupe, m. Manuel Steel, of Mon-
terrey : sa Flores Valdes (Nicolas and Te-
i Manuel, m. an Ortiz.
ii Olivarrio, m. another Ortiz, his resa Valdes) :
sister-in-law. 1 Catarina.
iii Roberto, m. 2 Adelaida, q. s.
8 Luisa. 3 Teresa, q. s.
9 Ignacio, m. 1892, Lucinda Rodriguez 4 Geronimo, m. Miss Pigott: 2 ch,
(Encarnacion and E. Castro).
10 Jesus, m. 1907 Maria Jesus Espinosa LLT. Teresa (3), m. Antonio Pe-
(Ignacio and Dolores Gonzales).
res, or Antonio R. Peres, b. 1843,
Gertrudis Peres, d. September, son of Antonio and Josefa de la
1832, aged 48. Jose Cassiano m. Garza Falcon. Antonio Peres and
3rd, Margarita Valdes, March 26, Josefa Falcon had: Rafaela, who
1833; she d. December 9, 1841, aged m. Cleofas Ximenes; Juana, who
ca 30: m. a Menchaca; Ignacio, and An-
1 Jose Fermin, q. s.
2 Isabel, b. 1841; d. May 29, 1902; m. tonio. Rafaela and Cleofas Xime-
June 1, 1859, Jose Evaristo Garcia,
son of Al<*jandro Garcia and Casimira nes had Maria (m. Frank Light-
Soto. The oldest son, Juan, of Laredo,
m. Vicenta Ramdn, parents of Casi-
foot) , and Cleofas, Jr., (m. Delfina
mira and Antonio. Juan Garcia's will, Garza, of Monterrey): Rafaela,
dated December 19. 1877, is recorded
in the "Sp. Ar.," Vol. 50, p. 97. An- Cleofas, Ana Pedro, Maria and
Roberto. The Antonio Peres home KRiver, from Manuel Flores and Jo-
on Commerce St., was deeded to sefa Courbiere. In the deed, dated
Josefa de la Garza Falcon in 1850, October 5, 1848, the lot is described
by Manuel Flores and his wife Jo- as bounded E, lands of Josefa de
sefa Courbiere, who according to la Garza, S, Refugio Garcia and
famUy tradition, were her, Josefa W, lands of Manuel Flores and Jo-
de la Garza Falcon's grandmother's sefa Courbiere (G-l, 423). The divi-
sister and husband. Seven years sion of the estate of PeUciana Du-
later the home was deeded to the ran, widow of Benito Courbiere is
four chUdren: Rafaela, Juana, Ig- in A-2, 149, 1839; and for Maria
nacio and Antonio (Sp. Ar., I-l, Josefa Courbiere and her husband,
140; and P-2, 361). The 1850 deed Manuel Flores, B-2, 320, 1844. Te-
describes the property as bound- resa and Antonio had:
ed on the N, by the street that 1 Esther, m. G. C de Carvajal: S. P . ;
she is supervisor of Spanish in the
runs from the pubhc plaza to the public schools.
Alamo; E, property belonging to 2 Bertha, m. A. R .Marmion; parents of
Consuelo.
the heirs of Ambrosio Rodriguez; 3 Josephine.
4 William C.
south, lot belonging to Refugio 5 Margarita Teresa.
Garcia, and W, by the lot belong- 6 Federico.
7 John Arthur.
ing to J. M. Rodriguez. The 1857 8 Roberto Antonio, m. Anne W a y ; pa-
deed describes the property as rents of: Robert and Rene.
9 GUbert.
fronting on the S side of Main or 10 Gudelia.
Commerce St., 8 v. frontage and m . Adelaida (2), m. M. M. Camp-
38 v. depth, bounded E, property beU (Martin and Lola Barrera):
1 Adelaide, m. John Garza, bro. of Adol-
of estate of Ambrosio Rodriguez, fo, who m. Margarita Mateu:
W, property of L. Zork, the same i Joseph, m. Hortense Tamer., of
Monterrey, Mexico, by whom*
being the property conveyed to Mary Louise and Alice.
Josefa Peres by deed of January ii Evelyn, m. Gerald Burdick, by
whom: Katherine Jane and Gerald
22, 1850, from Manuel Flores and Jr.
Josefa Courbiere. J. M. Rodriguez 2 Eleanore, m. Ben Moroney (d.)
3 Gertrude, m, Walter Freeman:
also acquired his lot on the S side i Dorothy Lee.
ii Walter, J r .
of the street caUed Main St., run- 4 Pauline, m. Edward Bricker:
ning from the PubUc Square to the i PauL
ii Alice.
bridge across the San Antonio 5 Evelyn: S. A.
6 Martin, d. y.
Two interesting accounts of Jose Cassiano and his family are published in tbe " S . A.
Express," of Aug. 30, 1936; and in the Texas Pioneer magazine, August 1930. FamiJy records
state that Cassiano was born in 1787.
YTURRI CASTILLO
I. Manuel Yturri CastUlo was a n a - Maria Clara Flores. She m. at Con-
cepcion Mission, August 1, 1861, Ernest
tive of Elgueta, [Guipuscoa], Spain. B. Edmunds, whom she had met while
attending the convent in New Orleans.
He was t h e son of Pelayo de Ytu- His family were originally British,
rri CastiUo and Maria Josefa Acor- migrated to France, and then resided
in Norfolk, Va., before coming to La.
ta. The Asturias says Rodriguez in They had:
his Memoirs, "was a province i Ernest, d. y.
ii Victor, d. y.
where the Spaniards made a de- iii Ida, d. y.
iv Josephine.
termined stand and gradually v Edgar.
drove the Saracens out of Spain. vi Ernestine.
For this reason they hold them- The m. license of Ernest B. Edmunds
and Vicenta de Yturri Castillos, dated
selves above the rest of the in- July 26, 1881, is recorded in D-2, 204,
County Clerk's Office, Bexar County. See
habitants of Spain. In early also abstract No. 15494, October 26. 1917,
youth Don Manuel left home and The Bexar Abstract Company.
The Edmunds reside in the old home-
started for Mexico bearmg a let- stead, with the mill, on Concepcion Road.
ter of recommendation to the They have a rosary which, according to
family tradition, came originally from
Viceroy of Mexico. He obtained the Holy Land, and was brought from the
Canary Islands to Texas; and was there-
work as a clerk in t h e busmess fore most likely enherited from Dona
house of the Urtiaga Brothers, Vicenta Alvares Travieso.
celebrated Spanish merchants of II. Manuel (1), m. Apr. 25, 1860,
Mexico, and they having business Elena de la Garza:
here sent Mr. Yturri to represent 1 Manuel, b. Wina Hebgen: S. P.
them and becoming enamoured 2 Elena, m. Wilhelm Marx:
of the town, he settled perman- i Fritz, m. 1st, Hattie May Ben-
ton : Jane Ella; and m. 2nd,
ently during the War of Inde- Catherine De Hymel: 2 ch.
ii Elena.
pendence; but after it, he r e t u m - iii Victor.
ed and was weU received, and his iv Howard.
v Edwin.
property restored to him." Manuel 3 Josephine, d. March, 1937; m. Scott
Yturri m. August 20, 1821, Josefa James: P .
4 Federico: S. A.
Rodriguez (Mariano and Maria de 5 Elvira: S. A.
6 Alfredo, d. (Mexico): m. Maria Luisa
Carvajal). Their home was on Gonzales: Alfredo.
the Main St. of the Potrero, a t 7 Evelyn: S. A.
8 Robert (d.). m. Verna Morse: S. A.
the comer of the alley, [Yturri 9 Howard, q. s.
Street of today], which divid- 10 Henry, m. Verna Morse, wid. of
his brother Robert.
ed it from the Bowie Tavern.
It was the land granted Christo- i n . Howard (9), living on the old
val de los Santos Coy. Yturri ob- Buena Vista Ranch, near San
tained it as a grant from the gov- Antonio; m. Enedina HoUand:
emment, August 31, 1819. He Elena.
leased this property to WUUam B. Henrietta.
Edward Manuel.
Jaques, September 8, 1840. The Robert Howard.
John Richard.
Yturri family also owned weU Evelyn.
known property on the N. side of Mary Alice.
the plaza, at the comer of Ase- The Yturri famUy, residing on
quia St., or Main Avenue. Manuel S. Presa St., have the portrait of
and Josefa had: Don Manuel, painted in oil by
1 Manuel, q. s. Iwonski. His wiU, dated October
2 Maria Josefa Vicenta Carmen, b. 1841;
godparents: Jose Salvador Flores and 15, 1842 (fUed March 31, 1843,
B-red, pp. 183-4), declares that by the Mexican Govemment to

by his first and only wife, Maria Manuel Yturri CastUlo, dated
Josefa Rodriguez, he left a son AprU 10, 1824 (F-l, 106, also Sp.
four years old, and some months, Vol, 2, 380) "when partition was
and a daughter one year and made of the lands belonging to
about three months old, both his the Missions" (Petition, October
legitimate chUdren and heirs. The 30, 1829, P-l, 82), which grant
house where he Uved he had sold was for "three days water with
to his wife, in exchange for two its corresponding land at the
leagues of land and a house with abandoned Concepcion Mission."
land on "Galveston Island," "The Petition of Thomas White-
which were hers. In a deed of head, of Goliad county, Texas,
partition, dated September 15, represents:—that he was formerly
1863 (T-l, 42-43) the house and m. to Maria Josefa Rodriguez who
lot at the S. W. cor. of Commerce departed this life interstate in
and Yturri Sts. were bounded E, said county and State about the
Yturri St., S, lots of HeiUgman month of April, 1849."—Thomas
and Barrera, and W, property of Whitehead, No. 1298, vs Mariano
the legates of Manuel de Yturri Rodriguez, Guardian, of the per-
CastUlo, deceased, the old Herald sons and property of Manuel
Office. Yturri and Vicente Yturri, minors,
The present Edmunds home- in the 4th District Court, Bexar
stead is part of the original grant County, fUed February 15, 1855.
^JL^__ZSÂ-_^!M\/Z VEN though the four missions around the

*- - ^ • W J J L . -v^MR presidio of the Adaes were abohshed by
Royal Cedula of September 10, 1772, and
their convents removed to San Antonio,
the Adaes "continued to languish tiU 1790,
when it was broken up and deserted, and
the inhabitants removed to San Antonio."
This was the beginning of the end of the
Spanish mission era in Texas. The orna-
ments which had been used in the chapel
of the presidio were removed to the Fuer-
te de la Santa Cruz del Cibolo, and when
that mission became extinct, they were delivered by Domingo CabeUo
to Captam Rafael Martmez Pacheco (January 28, 1787) and deposited
in the church at Bexar.332
Prom experience with the highly cultured Indians of Peru and
Mexico, the Spaniards had come to beUeve that a mission could ac-
comphsh its work in ten years. In Texas, however, it was found that
this could not be done. Though San Antonio de Valero ceased to be a
mission in 1783, the pueblo continued to have its own separate poUtical
organization and was rehgiously distinct from either San Fernando or
San Antonio de Bexar. From the book of baptisms it is apparent that
332 B. A., 1-28-1787, No. 27, "Entrego que y o /
this independent pueblo existed for ten years, as Pray Francisco Lo-
pez, the parish priest, transferred the book of records, of the pueblo de
San Antonio de Valero to the archives of the VUla de San Fernando
and Presidio de San Antonio de Bexar, on August 22, 1793, by order
of the Rt. Rev. Dr. Don Andres de Llanos y Valdez, the most worthy
bishop of the diocese, dated January 2, of that year, 1793, by reason
of the pueblo having been aggregated to the curacy of Bexar.
Instructions were issued by the Count of Sierragorda on Septem-
ber 7, 1792, regarding the secularization of the missions of San An-
tonio de Valero and Nacogdoches, and the merging of the missions of
San Juan Capistrano and San Francisco de la Espada with those of
Concepcion and San Jose, because of the fact that missionaries were in
Santo Angel de Satevo and Basanopa (May 29, 1793). These instruc-
tions were transmitted by the viceroy, the Count of RevUla Gigedo,
January 9, 1793, to Governor Manuel Munoz in San Antonio, who re-
ported on May 27, 1793, that he had compUed with them. He had re-
ceived the sacred vessels and ornaments of the church, and had divid-
ed the lands of the former mission (San Antonio de Valero), as weU
as the oxen, cows, tools and seed, among the inhabitants of the aban-
doned presidio of the Adaes, the Indians of the mission and those who
had aided.
Munoz reported at the same time, that in accordance with in*
structions, he had advised the Lipan Indian, Mariano, along with the
seventeen of his Nation at the secularized mission of S. A. de Valero,
to remove to mission San Jose, and that the Lipan repUed that neith*
er he nor the three vagabonds and fourteen women who were Uving in
his company, would consider for a minute leaving the Valero mission
where they were quite satisfied with Ufe. Munoz added that to expeU
them from the mission would mean their returning to the wUds, and
that this would not be for the good of the holy reUgion, particularly as
some of them had been baptised; so, on the contrary, he had used
the 20 fanegas of com remaining from the general division, for pre-
sents to the Indians who had come in, in search of food, as this would
keep them friendly to the Spaniards, and would very Ukely influence
the other Lipans who had only recently come to peace terms, as re-
ported in paper of the 14th of September, last.333
On t h same day, May 27, 1793, Govemor Munoz communicated
with the Comandante General informing him that the justice of the
missions San Francisco de la Espada and San Juan Capistrano had
protested in writing, and that their original protest was enclosed,
against the merging of the missions as required by superior orders.
He added that never had the Indians of Concepcion and San Jose had
friendly relations with those of the other two missions (Espada and
San Juan) but on the contrary, only Uttle over a month before, they
had aU met to amuse themselves in a baU game (juntaron a divertirse
en el Juego de la Chueca) when they got into a fight over the rules
of the game, and many were injured and others mistreated. Munoz
requested his superior, in view of these data, to reconsider the instruc-
333 B. A., 1793, No. 3, "Cuaderno," Item 20.

tions. He added that to enforce such an unpopular law would lead

to the flight of the Indians and their probable union with other dis-
satisfied tribes who would eventuaUy cause the Spaniards much
trouble. He preferred leaving them in their respective missions, under
the guidance of the missionaries who understood them, and whom they
Uked. The settlers from the Adaes mission were already sufficiently
dissatisfied, and it would be an error to add to the discontent of the
province.334
The lands which were divided among the forty Adaesans
(Adaesenos), the mission Indians and the sixteen famiUes of San An-
tonio, were on the east bank of the river, north of the mission, in-
cluding the suertes between the mission ditch and the river, and later
became known as "the Labor of the Adaesenos."S35 Though the Royal
command for the complete and detaUed data regarding the extinguish-
ing of the missions in charge of regulars, was dated El Pardo,335 Jan-
uary 31, 1784, it was not received in this province of Texas until a
much later date; a copy in the Bexar Archives is dated Chihuahua,
February 27, 1795. The census reports for the San Antonio de Valero
mission show that there were six farmers, three artesans, ten day
laborers and one reUgious, with a total of 108 souls, in 1790. The fol-
lowing year there were forty-five Indians. In 1792 there were fifteen
Indian famUies, ten servants to the mission, including Ramon Fuentes,
a Spaniard of SaltUlo, aged 37, married to Guadalupe Flores, with a
daughter aged 11, and two sons aged 9 and 5, respectively; and George
de los Santos, a Baquero, native of Bexar, aged 53, married to Juana
Estrada, with a daughter aged 2; and ten residents, mcluding Maria
Estrada, a Spaniard, of the Presidio of Bexar, aged 26, with a son,
aged 7; Miguel Gortari, Spaniard, of the presidio, aged 28, married to
Maria Concepcion Charle; Ignacio Galban, Spaniard, of Monterrey, aged
56, married to BacUia Galban, aged 64, with a son aged 22; and Jose
Antonio Martmez, a Spaniard of Monterrey, aged 45, married to FeU-
ciana Gamboa, aged 33, with a son aged 7, and two daughters aged
15 and 13, respectively. There was a total of fifteen Spaniards, thirty-
six Indians, nineteen mulatos, mcluding twenty-eight farmers, one
master-workman (fabricante), five day laborers and one religious,
making a grand total of one hundred and three. In 1794 there were
45 Indian inhabitants at the mission; in 1795, 158 Indians and Span-
iards; and in 1796, a grand total of 122, including 35 Indians; with
Don Vicente Amador, Alcalde, with an increase in 1797, to 139, includ-
ing 46 Spaniards and 67 Indians and others.
The San Antonio de Valero mission inventory as deUvered to the
parish of San Fernando, April 11, 1793, gives a very detaUed descrip-
tion of the mission at the time. The Juez Comisionado of the inven-
tory was Don Vizente Amador; the Procurador General of the VUla de
San Fernando, Don Joaquin Flores; an expert opinion of the state and
circumstances of the mission was rendered by the master buUder, An-
tonio Salazar, and by the carpeuter, Don Pedro Guizar (sic).
The Father Minister's dwelling was of stone. The west and north
334 Ibid.. Item 21.
sides were two stories high with six corridors; five rooms served as
eells; the roof of aU was sadly in need of repairs. The west line was
the same height as the corridor; on the ground floor were five office-
rooms, four of which were of the same size as the proceeding, and
one, quite smaU, on the landing of the stairs. The second floor con-
tained three cells, above those of the north side, with very bad ceU-
ings, as the boards had rotted.
In the center of the patio was a weU, with its curb-stone and
stone arc, and its monton.
Th© mission was surrounded by waUs; the one from N to S, 175
v. long; the one from E to W, 58; they were 3A v. thick, and 3 v. high,
of stone, adobe and mud. The N and S waU had about 874 v., in half
use (medio servicio), the other half being in ruins. In the S waU was
the principal entrance to the plaza, which was 50 v. wide and 4 high.
In this square, which was badly formed, were the dwellings of the In-
dians, united to the house of the padre, with a room 30 v. long, 5 wide,
and 7 high, with adobe floor which served as a granary (troxe), but
only the beams of the roof were in good condition. Adjoining the en-
trance to the minister's house was a httle bulwark, with a small bronze
canon, of one pound caUber. There was also a jacal of palling (jacal
de palizada) and reeds, which actuaUy served as a granary, as the
regular granary was in bad condition. The habitations of the Indians
were in the square of the arcades (Arqueria) in the W part, only twelve
of which were servicible, the rest being in ruins.
The church, as was weU known, had never been finished. It was
of crude workmanship, with transepts. The vault of the Presviterio was
finished with its tower arch, and the other three were closed without
vaults, and in a condition ready to receive the Zimbornio. Two other
arches were finished in the Canon of the Church. Under the one of
the Choir was placed the capital with its two Salmenes. The Baptistry
was finished, with its fronteriza, its Bobeda aristes, with frames of
carved stone, but without wooden doors. The principal doorway of this
edifice was beautiful. The first body was finished, with four niches,
two of which were omamented with stone images of San Francisco
and Santo Domingo; the other two of the second body, were unfinish-
ed as the columns had stiU to be placed, but its alquitrabes were fin-
ished; the stone cornice was lacking as weU. The Scaristy was in good
condition and in use. It had two doors of carved stone. There were
staUs (Puestas) to the E and N, with two windows looking to the S.
and W, and the doors had their transoms with knockers, the one to
the E, having an iron grating. Thus was this room, as were the others
of the convent, aU in need of repairs if they were not to suffer great-
er ruin.
This document was signed by Govemor Manuel Munoz, and the
above mentioned experts, the Rev. Fathers, Fr. Jose Francisco Lopez,
Fr. Jose Mariano Garza, with witnesses, Visente Amador, Antonio Sa-
lazar, Francisco Xavier Galan, Pedro Huisar and Joachin Flores.336
The Valero mission delivered to the San Fernando parish, a waU
336 Nacogdoches Archives, April 11, 1793, pp. 21-30.
ornament (Corateral) of carved wood, gilded, over, with its niche, and
glass case, in which was placed an image of carved wood of Saint An-
thony (San Antonio), with his diadem and sUver feather, with the
ChUd in his arms. There was also a wood carving of Saint Joseph
(de tres quartos) with his diadem and sUver staff, with the ChUd Je-
sus in his hands; an image of Our Lady of Dolores, and an image
of Saint Anthony (como de tres quartos), which was in the room which
served as the Sacristy.
Further descriptions followed, when the mission branding iron
was deUvered, along with the measures in the temporary granary.337
On April 10, 1794, Don Pedro de Nava, the Comandante General
of the northeastern interior provinces, including Texas, pubUshed a
decree by which the missions within his jurisdiction were secularized.
His orders, however, for the discontinuance of the Texas missions, and
the aboUtoin of the community system by which the Indians held
their property, placing them on the same footing as other Spanish
subjects, do not seem to have been fuUy carried out in Texas. The
Franciscans in many instances remamed as pastors, though they re-
ceived their jurisdiction from the bishop, Uke other parish priests.
Their missions subsisted in a flourishing state untU about 1813, when
they were suppressed by the Spanish Govemment, and the Indians dis-
persed, says the Catholic Encyclopedia, citing a decree of the Spanish
Cortes, dated September 13, 1813. The Supreme Government of Mexico
ordered the execution of the decree of the Cortes, and finaUy in 1827,
the Legislature of CoahuUa and Texas divided out the mission lands.
From the records in the County Clerk's office, Bexar County, "it is
evident that many petitioned for and obtained grants of lands in the
old missions. In 1824 aU property belonging to the missions was sold
at auction, including houses, waUs, and even fences."338 As late as
August 23, 1830, Ygnacio Chaves, Alcalde, gave possession of a grant
of a lot on Valero Mission lands, to Jose Maria de Cardenas.
"Although it be admitted that the ecclesiastics did not always use
the power placed in their hands for the best interests of the country
and the material prosperity of the colonists, yet it must be conceded
that the work of the religious orders was the most sincere and faith-
ful of that done under any part of the colonial system. Faulty as their
system might be, and ignorant as were many of those who sustained
it, the rule of the ecclesiastics is, after all, the only redeeming feature
of the early practical results of the great theory of conquest. The
missionaries, as far as possible, stood between the natives and the Eu-
ropeans, and shielded the former from the oppression of unjust and
rapacious men." The missionaries settled Texas, their process of col-
onizing the native and buUding churches being about the same here as
elsewhere.339 They introduced civUization, as it is known to Europeans,
and prepared the soil for future colonization and industry.
337 Villa de San Fernando and Presidio de S. A. de B-, May 12, 1794; signed Manuel
Munoz, in the presence of Andres Benito Courbiere and Gabriel Gutierrez.
338 Castaneda, Carlos £., A Report of the Spanish Archives in San Antonio, Texas,
Thesis, the Univ. of Texas., Brownsville, Tex., August, 1923, Ms., p . 27.
339 Blackmar, Frank W., "Spanish Institutions of the Southwest," Baltimore, 1891, pp.
64-56 and 238.
I N 1803 the Flying Company of San Carlos de Parras was station-

tioned at the mission of San Antonio de Valero, under the
jurisdiction of the curacy of the VUla de San Fernando, and
the Bishop of Nuevo Leon. They used the chapel of said mission for
their reUgious services, accordmg to the reUgious records of the com-
pany, AprU 5, 1803, now in the San Fernando Cathedral archives. The
mihtary and their famihes resided on their arrival, outside of but ad-
joining the mission. Indian depredations, however, soon caused them
to erect barracks within the mission enclosure, on its south side.340
The reUgious records of the Company of San Carlos de Parras be-
gan in about 1790, at the Pueblo de San Jose y Santiago del Alamo.
One of the earUest marriage records is that of Jose Hernandez, in 1790.
He was the son of Marcos and Maria CasUda BeUa. The bride was
Maria Josefa, daughter of Jose Quinones and Maria Rita Veronica de
Soto, of San Juan del Rio, Durango. The Captain of the Company at
the time was Juan Fernandez Carmona, who had come to San Jose
y Santiago del Alamo from Chihuahua in 1785.
San Jose y Santiago del Alamo, VUla de Viesca, was officiaUy set-
tled July 24, 1731, by 45 families and 4 single men under Don Pru-
dencio de Basterra, in accordance with instructions from the Governor
of New Biscay. The lake of Parras, and Pueblo of Santa Maria de las
Parras, and the points of the Alamo, were aU in the properties and
jurisdiction of the Marques de Aguayo, and were originaUy settled by
the Aguayo ancestors, with a few Spanish famUies and some Tlaxcal-
tecan Indians. It was noted that the company was caUed Ca. Volan-
te de San Carlos de Parras, and that it was on duty in the Pueblo
of San Jose y Santiago del Alamo; and again, simply in the Pueblo
del Alamo. The chaplain, B. Manuel Saenz de Juan Gorena officiated
at a baptism for the Second Company Volante de San Caros de Parras,
and it appears he assumed duties on March 1, 1788. In 1797 the com-
pany was stationed at the Pueblo de Santa Maria de la Parras; in 1798,
in the VUla de Chihuahua, where a ceremony took place in the par-
ochial church, March 6th. In the same year they were in the ViUa de
San Geronimo, where another ceremony took place on AprU 1st. The
first baptism in the mission of San Antonio de Valero, was that of
Manuel Maria, son of the soldier Jose VUlegas and Maria Nieves, in
1803. Vicenta Peres, wife of Juan Montoya, a soldier of the presidio,
was the godmother.
In 1808, it is interesting to note that there was an independent
Alcalde for the mission, Don Vizente Amador, who is mentioned in the
Sp. Ar., January 21, 1808.
On April 1, 1812, the Alamo discontinued keeping its individual
records (Note V, bapt. 1812-1825). On that day there was a note in
the San Fernando book of baptisms stating that three sheets pertain-
ing to the Alamo of Parras were taken from the book, which at that
date belonged to the city of San Fernando de Bexar. Owing the re-
volutionary movements and danger therefrom, part of the Alamo rec-
340 Book IL Valero Mission records.
ords, fohos 5, 12 and 14, from 1809, were sent to N. Juan Jose Guerra
in Laredo.
In the list of valuations of Insurgents property in 1813, the entire
mission settlement and pueblo is referred to as "the Alamo."
The baptismal record of Manuel Mauricio Navarro, in 1814, states
that his father, Ignacio, was the drum major of the Cuerpo Caba-
lleria del Alamo. In another record, 1822, the company is referred to
as that of the Alamo. In the left margin, under the name of the chUd
baptised, the simple abbreviation "Alamo" is frequently inserted. In
the closing notes of 1825 reference is made to "the companies of the
Alamo of Parras" and to "the company of the Alamo of Parras." It
is very evident, therefore, that the name "Alamo" was very old and
weU known in Mexico, and that it was given to the Valero Mission
owing to the fact that the company of the Alamo, in Mexico, was sta-
tioned here. This company remamed in the deserted mission until
1813, when the revolution caused a temporary abandonment. After
the revolution, the company retumed to its old quarters, where it re-
mained untU at least late in the 20's, says Mrs. Wright.
In 1803 the citizens . of San Antonio were ordered to finish the
bridge for facilitating communication with the Pueblo of San Antonio
de Valero. They were particularly requested to furnish their personal
services, as well as their carts, for procuring the necessary stone.34i
The Alameda (present East Commerce St.), which was a popular
promenade, beneath a double row of shade trees, on the other side
of the river, was planned and finished by order of Governor Cordero.
The land between Alamo St., one of the early roads to the mis-
sions, the Alameda and the river, were granted to Joaquin Leal. Ad-
joining was the block later purchased by Mr. GuUbeau. The opposite
(present Joske's) corner, Alameda and Alamo, was owned by Consola-
cion Leal.
Many of the soldiers of the Alamo Company married Indians and
established their homes in the vicinity of the mission. Then Spaniards
purchased the old mission lands, and graduaUy a new town grew up
there, which was called La Villita. On January 2, 1807, Antonio Ro-^
driguez Baca purchased land from Juana Maria de la Serda. He con-
tinued to purchase lands in the Valero Mission section through 1808.
The last deed of sale recorded in the mission records is dated Septem-
ber 5, 1809: Juana Maria de la Serda to Juan Martinez.
After the flood of July 5, 1819, many of the old famiUes left San
Fernando, for higher ground on the east side of the river. On July 10
Juan Ximenes requested a lot in the VUla Nueva, to move his home
on account of the flood; as did Maria Luisa Ximenes. On the 14th
the foUowing requested lots in La Villita: Polonio Tapia, Luisa de Urru-
tia, Leandro Sosa, Jose Hemandez, Juana de Soto, and Maria Jose-
fa Serna.
The foUowing were some of the famUies of the Company of San
Carlos de Parras, from the Pueblo del Alamo, stationed in the old Va-
lero Mission property:
341 B. A., 1783. Minutes of the Cabildo, No. 63, 1803.
Captain Juan Fernandez Carmona, 1797.

Lieut. Joseph Ramon Dias de Bustamante, 1801.
Pascual Vaca, of Parral, and his wife Maria Navarro, of Alamo, with a daughter Ma-
ria Josefa, b. 1788.
Joseph Victor Villegas, and his wife Antonia Graseda, and their son Joseph Domingo,
b. 1788.
Jose Juan Simon Lazarin, from Parras, and his wife Juana Rivas, with four children
(b. 1796-1808).
Nicolas Olquin and his wife Maria Rosaria Salgado, and two ch., (b. 1802-1810).
Jose Balberde and his wife Maria Josefa Rubascara, and three ch. (b. 1802-1814).
Juan Martinez and his wife Maria Clara, whose son Manuel, m. Antonia Avila (Fran-
cisco and Maria Jesus de la Garza), parents of Maria Gregoria, b. 1804.
Timotheo Nunez, Cabo of the Company, and his wife Maria Gertrudis Cortinas, with
twins, Maria Claudia and Claudia Julia, b. 1814.
Ignacio Navarro, Drum Major of the Cavalry 'Tambor Mayor del Cuerpo de Caballeria
del Alamo", and his wife Nicolasa de la Garza, with a son Mauricio, b. 1814.
ARCINIEGA II. Vicente (1), caUed Manuel in

some manuscripts, m. Juana Leal
I. Gregorio Arciniega was a soldier (Joaquin and Ana Maria de Aro-
from the Presidio of San Carlos cha) :
de Parras. He was b. 1761 and d. 1 Joaquin, q. s.
1822. He received a grant of a city 2 Juan, q. s.
3 Vicente, m. Concepcion Ruis:
lot, November 13, 1811; and of land i Maria Antonio, b. 1847.
on the outskirts, February 11, 1818. ii Salome Francisca, b. 1849.
4 Macario, m. March 25, 1847, Gertru-
He m. Josefa Flores: dis Smith y Ruis, daughter of Deaf
1 Miguel, q. s. Smith:
i Juan, m. Ortilia Rodriguez (Juan
II. Miguel (1), m. Alejandra Loso- Manuel and Lucinda Tarin).
ii Gertrudis, m. Manuel Indo (Mi-
ya (Seferino and Teresa Francisca guel and Margarita Delgado).
Rivas): 5 Antonio.
6 Manuel, m. Maria Lina Casares:
1 Jose Miguel Christoval. b. 1822; m. i Maria Irinea del Refugio, b. 1846.
1841, Ursula Gortari (Miguel and Can-
delaria de la Garza): III. Joaquin (1), m. Angela Seguin
i Federico. b. 1842.
2 Jesusa. b. 1826; m. 1841, Luis La
(Mariano and Maria de Jesus Ro-
France, son of Baptiste and Margarite driguez) :
Conseyer: 1 Mariano.
i Adolfo. b. 1842. 2 Maria de Jesus, m. Epitacio Mondragdn,
3 Maria Petra. b. 1824. of Mexico:
4 Tadeo Matheo. b. 1834. x Zulema, m. Estevan Berban: Au-
5 Alfonso, b. 1848. relia.
ii Alelina: S. A.
In 1827 Miguel Arciniega was ap- iii Epitacio, m. Severn de Hoyos;
pointed by the Mexican Govem- by whom: Enriqueta, and Epita-
cio, d.
ment to lay out new towns for iv Joaquin, m. (Piedras Negras,
Austin's Colony. He founded Bas- Mex-*}: Zulema, Minerva, Joa-
quin, Jesusa and Antonia, m.
trop on June 8, 1832.3*2 Jorge del Bosque, of Monterey: P.
3 Carolina, m. Antonio Cadena:
i Adelina: S. A.
TARIN ii Jose Antonio.
iii Beatrice, m. Adolfo Femdndes.
The Tarin famUy, though not iv Elena, d. y.
v Florencio, m. Luisa Turpie: Ele-
connected with the Company of na, Luisa and Carolina.
San Carlos de Parras, is interest- 4 Maria, m. Nieves Gortari.
5 Antonia, m. Federico Gortari, bro. of.
ing if only from a genealogical Nieves:
i Federico, m. Maria Hobrecht, by
point of view. The marriages bring whom: Lena, Celia, and Clarisa.
back to mind, in a summary as it ii Antonio.
6 Angela, m. Santiago Tarin (Macario
were, many of the old and famiUar and Gertrudis Smith).
names of San Antonio. 7 Carlota, m. Macedonio Gortari, bro.
of Nieves:
I. Pedro Tarin, m. Bemarda Arau- i Carlota.
8 Joaquin.
jo; they had: 9 Carmen.
1 Vicente, q. s. 10 Dionicio, q. s.
342 Biesele. "German Settlements;" and Barker, "Life of Stephen F. Austin.'

IV. Dionicio (10), m. 1st, CecUia v Ortilia, m. Juan Tarin (Maca-

rio and Gert. Smith), by whom:
Cadena; m. 2nd, Vitoria Rodriguez Lucinda.
(Juan Manuel and Lucinda Ta- vi Maria de Jesus, m. Alfino Casa-
nova, by whom: Simon, Jesus, and
rin) ; by the 1st m.: Jose,
vii Victoria, m. Dionicio Tarin,
1 Herminia. viii Margarita, m. David Sosa (Vi-
2 Josefa. cente and Concepcion), by whom:
3 Dionicio. David, Esther, Concepcion, and
4 Carmen. another dau.
Antonio, m. Concepcion Casanova (Si-
By the 2nd m.: mon and M.):
i Ana.
6 Mariano. ii Virginia,
6 Jesus. iii Manuel, m . : P.
7 Jose. iv Rafael, m. Maria Saucedo (Je-
8 Joaquin. sus and Antonia Seguin, daugh-
9 Guadalupe. ter of Antonio), by whom: Au-
10 Teresa. relio, Simon, Celestina, and Ro-
11 Agustin. dolfo.
12 Maria. v Lerdo, m. Elvira Casanova,
13 Santiago, living in Elmendorf, Texas. vi Simon, D.: S. A.
vii Antonio.
ILL. Juan (2), m. Jesus Rivas: viii Adan, m. Virginia Garza, by
1 Juan, q. s. whom: Benjamin, and Estela.
2 Lucinda, m. Juan Manuel Rodriguez Josefa, m. Ignacio Sotelo.
(Juan and Juana Delgado, daughter Antonia, m. Jesus Casanova (Simon
of J u a n ) : and M.): 9 ch.
i Delfina, m. Estevan Casanova (Si- Santiago, m. Antonia Casanova (Si-
mon and M.), by whom: Jose, mon and M . ) :
and Lucia. i Erasmo, m. Maria Montes: P.
ii Eufemia. ii Victoria, m. Aurelio Valdes.
iii Juana, m. iii Leon.
iv J u a n Manuel, m. Vicenta Herre- iv Eduardo.
ra (Manuel and Felicidad Flores, v Luzgarda ,m. 2nd, a De La Pena.
by whom: Manuel and Felicidad. vi Urbaldo, m. 1st, Carmen Sosa.343
343 The writer is obliged to Mrs. Tarin (312 Riddle St.) and to Mrs. Cecilia Delgado
Tarin (Zarzamora St.) for the greater part of this genealogy.
H E Governors who resided in San Antonio, and

whose famUies were identified with the place,
wiU now be mentioned in concluding the first sec-
tion of this work.
RIPPERDA
f\ON Juan Maria Vicencio, Baron de Ripperda,
• ' f r o m the Court and VUla of Madrid, son of
the Duke of Ripperda, Don Juan GuUlermo and
Doha Francisca Navarra, married Mariana Gomez
de Parada Gallo y VUlavicencio, of Spanish origin,
of the City of Guadalajara, daughter of Juan Gomez de Parada and
Gertrudis GaUo VUlavicencio. "He entered the miUtary service at an
early age and rose from a private soldier to the rank of colonel of
cavalry." He came directly from Spain with a royal appointment as
govemor of Texas. Arriving in Mexico early in 1769, he presented his
credentials to the viceroy with the request that the salary he enjoyed
in the army be paid to him from the date of his appointment until
he officially took possession of his new office."
"During his stay in Mexico city, he courted and married, on Oct-
ober 22, 1769, Dona Mariana..., native of Guadalajara, the wedding be-
ing attended by the highest officials. He must have departed shoirtly
thereafter, for he was in San Antonio by March, 1770," says Castaneda
Morfi's History, pp. 441-442. He served as Govemor of Texas from 1770
to 1778. During the last year of his administration he received the
CavaUero de Croix, and attended the Indian Conferences in San Antonio.
"Ripperda was appomted govemor of Comayagua (Honduras) by
the royal cedula of AprU 24, 1776, but remained in Texas, until the faU
of 1778, when he turned over the province to his successor, Domingo
Cabello. He spent more than eleven months in settling his affairs in
Mexico before going to Comayagua. His administration there was short
due to his untimely death on October 21, 1780." He died intestate, at
Pueblo de Lexamani. "The king had promoted him to the rank of
brigadier on June 28, 1779," Brigadier of Cavalry of the Royal Armies,
Aranjuez, June 10, 1779.344
On December 8, 1770, the Curate, Juan Joseph Saenz, baptized Ma-
ria Gertrudis Manuela Barbara Francisca GuiUermina Josefa Rafaela
HerUnda Parada y GaUo, a Spaniard, daughter of Don Juan Maria de
Rdperda y Jaraba, Baron de Riperda, Governor of this Province and
Commander General of the Arms here, and Doha Maria Ana Parada
y GaUo. The godparents at this ceremony were Don Joseph Menchaca
and Doha Ignacia Nunez. Morfi says in his Memoirs that "the baroness
gave birth to her first chUd in the guardroom of the presidio, the best
room in the buUding."345
344 "Historia," Vol. 93, pp. 192, 214 and 240; and Castaneda, Morfi's History of Texas,
note 9, pp. 441-442, citing "Historia," Vol. 83 and 100, and Morfi's Memorias. See Chabot,
Indian Exerpts, from Morfi's Memorias.
345 Castaneda, Morfi's Hist., p . 442; and Chabot, "Indian Excerpts," p . 58. See also,
Chabot, "San Antonio and Its Beginnings."
"The residence of the Govemor Baron de Ripperda, when I was

there," says Morfi, "was the Carzel and his wife gave birth to a chUd in
the Calabozo which was the most comfortable room and best sheltered,
where she had her bedroom."
On November 30, 1771,-Juan Baptista Maria Joseph GuiUermo Cata-
lina Andres Rafael, son of the Baron de Riperda, Colonel of Cavalry,
Governor and Commander General of the Province of the Texas, native
of the city of Madrid and Dona Maria Ana Josefa Vemauela Gomes de
Parada GaUo Fonseca y Enriques, native of the city of Guadalajara in
this kmgdom. This time the godparents were none of the citizens of
San Antonio, for the Parish Priest, Don Pedro Fuentes y Fernandez was
godfather.
In 1773 another son was baptised: Juan Joseph Maria GuiUermo
Santiago Rafael Francisco Manuel Antonio Pedro.
In 1775 another son: Joseph Manuel Maria Juan Baptista GuiUermo
Francisco Antonio Rafael Pedro.
In 1776 a daughter was baptised by Fray Pedro Rarnires, with spe-
cial permission from the Curate, Don Pedro Fuentes y Fernandez; her
name was Maria Herlinda Gertrudis Jesusa GuiUermina Francisca Ra-
faela Josefa Victoria Juana.
The last baptism of the famUy recorded in San Antonio, took place
in 1778: Manuel Maria Juan Francisco Jose Guillermo Rafael Agustin
Antonio Pedro.
The office of govemor was ordered suppressed in 1788, when the
province was put under a presidial captain.
JLJANUEL Munoz' appointment as governor was approved October 18,

• * 1790. He married Maria Gertrudis del Ciprian, native of CastUe.
He died, aged 70 years, and was buried from San Fernando church,
July, 1799. Munoz, accordmg to the Bexar Archives, did not actuaUy
take over the government of the province until September 10, 1792,
Sierragorda reporting on September 17th, that he had surrendered
th govemment to him, in accordance with viceregal order of August
7, previous, and Royal order of May 6, 1791. An Extracto in the B. A.
dated August 1, 1792, states that the governor of this province, by com-
mission, was Don Manuel de Escandon, Lieut. Colonel, Conde de Sierra-
gorda, CavaUero of the Order of Santiago, Govemor and Comandante
of the Arms of the Colony of New Santander. He reported his arrival
at Bexar, and readiness to begin the execution of his commission on
April 9, 1792. Another document dated September 3, 1792, states that
he was actuaUy in charge of the govemment of this province. On Sep-
tember 10, 1792, Sierragorda dehvered various documents to Munoz,
for ratification. On AprU 17, 1792, instructions were sent Govemor
Munoz to make an immediate and confidential report regarding aU
foreigners to be found in the territories under his jurisdiction. The
Viceroy Gigego expressed the special hope that these instructions
would be compUed with. He ordered as weU, that any or aU foreigners
who entered the province of Texas, or any individual who seemed to
be a foreigner, be immediately placed under safe arrest, though such
persons were not to be treated in a vigorous manner, nor were they

to be placed in shackles, nor kept in bad prisons (duras prisiones),
though in any event they were to be sufficiently watched, so they
could not escape. This order was not to be mentioned to the foreign-
ers employed in the presidial companies pf the province, nor those
married there, nor those who might be domiciled there (May 23, 1792,
Mexico). As a result of these instructions, very detaUed census re-
ports were made, and the subsequent individual reports of the foreign-
ers in the province give us much information which might otherwise
have remained unreported or unknown. All inn keepers were instruct-
ed (October 26, 1792), to make daUy reports concerning travelers. Dur-
ing the early part of 1793 Govemor Munoz was absent from San An-
tonio, when his office was temporarily fiUed by Juan Joseph de la San-
ta, elected Regidor Decano, December 20, 1792.
Joseph Irigoyen was apparently appointed govemor but did not
serve. He was followed by Juan Bautista de Elguezabal.
A NTONIO Cordero y Bustamante, who came from Spain in 1772 to

" discipUne Mexican troops, eventually became a reliable specialist for
the Indians of North Mexico; and made a series of confidential re-
ports in 1792, in accordance with instructions from De Nava, regard-
ing Indian activities in the vicinity of Paso del Norte. He then rank-
ed as Lieutenant-Colonel. He was govemor of CoahuUa from 1800 to
1805, succeeding Elguezabal as govemor of Texas in 1805, with the ap-
poinment of MUitary and PoUtical Governor ad interim of this pro-
vince of the Texas or New Philipines and Comandante of the Arms
of its coasts and frontiers. He promptly arrived at Nacogdoches, with
two companies of troops, and with others ready to follow. He figured
prominently in the organization of the general reenforcement of the
province, giving special attention to the boundary question before the
withdrawal of the American army from Natchitoches. He held con-
siderable correspondence with Wilkinson in this connection, 1806. He
was an old school Royalist. He did not hesitate to command the ar-
rest of Napoleon Bonaparte's representative, who was passing through
San Antonio on his projected trip from Louisiana to Mexico. The key-
note of his administration was sounded in his initial speech to the
Cabildo, 1805, when he stated that "the circumstances of the day re-
quire a variety of political and govemmental foresight for the organ-
ization of this villa, which is going to become the metropolis of the
Internal Eastern Command, recently created by His Majesty."346 This
speech was published by Bando, at the four comers of the two plazas
of the Capital (San Antonio) after High Mass, and was then deliver-
ed to the Alcalde for the subsequent customary formalities, September
21, 1805. Govemor Cordero planned the Alameda, a beautiful drive
under a double row of shade (cotton wood) trees, the present East
346 "B. A.." Minutes of the Cabildo, 1783-1807; for his new regulations, see pp. 22, 24
and 25; also "B. A.," Misc., 1802-1808, 9-21-1805. Governmental provisions for reorganiza-
tion of villa to be seat of gorvernment for eastern provinces, Sept. 21, 1805, Castaneda, A
Report on the Spanish Archives, Thesis, 230.
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Commerce St. He was also responsible for the first meat market in
San Antonio. Previous to his arrival no one had been responsible for
the sanitary slaughtering and preparation of fresh meat, for pubhc
sale. He ordered a large jacal built, on September 12, 1805, to serve
as a temporary meat market. Then on October 25, he caUed a special
meeting of the CabUdo to consider a permanent market, and on the
foUowing day, formal plans for the same were drawn up. Subsequent-
ly, regulations were passed for the slaughtering of animals, and the
cutting and the sale of fresh meat. The first official price stipulated,
was one real for four pounds of meat, mcluding bones. The Procura-
dor and a Commissioner were appointed to see to it that sufficient
meat was suppUed. In emergencies these two officials were authoriz-
ed to consult with the government.
Antonio Cordero, as has been stated in the Perez genealogy, mar-
ried the daughter of Ignacio Perez. Among the heirlooms of the de-
scendants of the widow, by her second husband, is the beautifully made
history of the Cordero family. The binding is artistic, of sUver. The
parchment foUos are Uluminated and Ulustrated, and the arms and
quarterings are exquisitely done. Prom this genealogy are taken the
foUowmg data:
Don Juan Treviho, m. Doha Maria Ana Pinteho; their daughter
Maria m. Pedro de Bustamante; and they had a son Pedro de Busta-
mante, who was Oydor de la Real Audencia de la Cd. de Cadiz and
who m. Eufemia Manaldo y Larriba, daughter of Don Carlos Joseph
Manaldo y Montalvo and Doha Eugenia de Larriba y Gomez. Doha Eu-
genia was the daughter of Don Juan de Larriba Palacios and Doha
Thomasa Gomez de Quijada. The daughter, Agustina de Bustamante
Maldonado Treviho y Larriba, was the mother of Doha Maria, Don
Joseph Maria and Don Antonio Joseph Cordero, our govemor. The
father, or husband of Dona Agustma de Bustamante, was Don Do-
mingo Cordero Odoardo, Ponce y Joanes. He was the son of Don Jo-
seph Cordero y Ponce, Probedor de las Reales Armas de S. M. and Do-
na Ynes Maria Odoardo y Joanes. Don Joseph was the son of Don
Juan Cordero and Dona CathaUna Ponce and the grandson of Don Bar-
tholome Cordero and Doha Francisca Gomez. Doha Ynes Maria Odoar-
do y Joanes was the daughter of Don Gregorio Odoardo, Ayudante de
la Plaza del 3 de la Artilla., the son of Don Domingo Odoardo and Do-
ha Ana Maria Dota (?); and Doha Ursola Joanes, the daughter ofi
Don Geraldo Joanes and Dona Maria Canmio (?).
When Major Z. M. Pike and his company departed from San An-
tonio on Sunday, June 14, 1807, he wrote that "everything appeared to
be in a flourishing and improvmg state, owing to the examples and
encouragement given to industry, pohteness and civUization by their
exceUent govemor Cordero and his colleague Herrera; also the large
body of troops maintained at that place in consequence of the differ-
ence existing between the Unitd States and Spain." Pike described
Governor Cordero as foUows: "Don Antonio Cordero is about 5 ft. 10
in. in height, 50 years of age, fair complexion, and blue eyes; he wore
his hair tumed back, and in every part of his deportment was legibly
written The Soldier.' He yet possessed an exceUent constitution, and
a body which appeared to be neither impaired by the fatigues of the
various campaigns he had made, nor disfigured by the numerous
wounds received from the enemies of his king. He was one of the
select officers who had been chosen by the court of Madrid to be sent
to America about 35 years since, to discipUne and organize the Span-
ish provincials, and had been employed in aU the various kingdoms
and provinces of New Spain. Through the parts which we explored,
he was universaUy beloved and respected; and when I pronounce him
by far the most popular man in the internal provinces, I risk nothing
by the assertion. He spoke the Latin and French languages weU—was
generous, gaUant, brave, and sincerely attached to his king and coun-
try. Those numerous qualifications have advanced him to the rank
of colonel of cavalry, and govemor of the provinces of CogquiUa and
Texas. His usual residence was Montelovez, which he had embellished
a great deal, but since our taking possession of Louisiana, he had re-
moved to Saint Antonio, in order to be nearer the frontier, to be able
to apply the remedy to any evU which might arise from the collision
of our lines."
Governor Cordero, who according to Navarro's Apuntes, p. 5,
died in Mexico in 1821, was succeeded in office by Manuel de Salcedo,
in 1810.
OVERNOR Salcedo fought the Americans at Gohad, whUe the Indians
G threatened the capital (San Antonio). On March 10, says Men-
chaca in his Memoirs, the Mexicans finding they could not whip the
Americans, started for San Antonio. The Americans gave them time
to arrive, when they advanced and encamped on the RosUlo. The Mex-
icans came out; a fierce battle ensued in which the Americans were
victorious, kiUing about 200 Spanish soldiers, and wounding many
more. "The Mexicans retreated in a bad condition; the Americans re-
mained on the field. Thee days after the Americans moved up and
encamped at Concepcion Mission, being Thursday. On Friday, Ber-
nardo Gutierres and Miguel Menchaca, sent a herald to Manuel Sal-
cedo stating that by next day at 10 o'clock, they wanted the San An-
tonio plaza evacuated. The answer was sent through J. M. Veramendi,
that at any time they chose to come in, no resistance would be offered.
At the appointed hour on Saturday the Americans entered the City.
At 3 o'clock of the same day the Americans imprisoned Miguel Del-
gado, Santiago Menchaca, Francisco Riojas, and 21 others of the
American (sic) side, and Manuel Salcedo, Simon de Herrera, Geroni-
mo Herrera, Francisco Povela, Miguel de Arcos, and old Captain Gra-
viel de Arcos, son of Captain de Arcos, Miguel de Arcos, Jr., Miguel
Pando, Juan Francisco Caso, and four others, of the Mexican side were
all taken to the Salado, and arrived at the RosUlo the same evening
and that same evening were beheaded," says Menchaca. We are told
that Governor Salcedo with his staff of 14, were compeUed to come to
the American camp. Salcedot approaching Captam Taylor, offered him
his sword. Taylor referred him to Kemper, who also declined to re-
ceive the sword, referring him to Gutierres. One can easUy imagine
the thoughts entertained by Salcedo at such a juncture: He simply
stuck his sword into the ground in front of Gutierres, and left it there.
Gutierres, only nominaUy in charge, took much upon himself, on en-
tering Bexar. He paraded the httle army about, and read to them
what he affirmed was a letter informing him that two vessels, at Ma-
tagorda Bay, were about to sail to the United States, and stated that
he considered it safest to send Salcedo and his staff to New Orleans,
there to remain on their parole untU the war was over. The troops
acquiesced to this proposition. Gutierres obtained possession of the
prisoners from the guard by showing an order signed by Kemper, and
written in a very careful language so as to allay apprehensions of foul
play if any had existed. The unfortunate men were deUvered to Cap-
tain Delgado, who started them off for Matagorda. When at the bat-
tle ground of the Salado, just below San Antonio, the prisoners were
stripped and tied, and their throats cut, with dull camp knives. The
remains of the murdered prisoners were gathered and according to the
curate, Jose Dario Zambrano, were buried in the San Fernando church,
August 28, 1813. The church records read: Jose Dario Zambrano
buried in the second tramo of the church the remains of the follow-
ing, who were decapitated (degoyaron) on RocUlo Creek: Colonel Ge-
ronimo Herrera, not married; Lieut. Colonel Miguel de Arcos, married;
Lt. Col. Jose Goseascocho (Groscochia), m.; Capt. Joaquin de Ugarte,
m.; Capt. Juan Ignacio Aroambides (Arambido), m.; Capt. Andres
Motheos, widower; Capt. Francisco Pereida (Fereira), m.; Lt. Grego-
rio Amador, m.; Lt. Juan Caso, not m.; Lt. Luis de Arcos, not m.; Al-
feres Francisco de Arcos, not m.; and Antonio Lopez, an inhabitant,
m. A note foUows in the church records, by CamUo Torrente, that
these remains were taken up in 1925 and reverently reburied in front
of the Altar of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
f\ON Antonio Martmez, Knight of the Royal Order of San Hermene-

*^ gUdo, Colonel in the Royal Armies, and CivU and Military Gov-
emor for H. M. of this Province of the Texas, New Philipines, etc., re-
lieved Don Antonio Puertas of the command of San Antonio in 1818.
During the following year our humble city, already reduced by recent
revolutions, suffered a catastrophe deserving of royal sympathy. Gov-
ernor Martinez reported: "On the morning of the 5th instant, in con-
sequence of a terrific water-spout which burst north of this city, the
river became so swoUen as to run over its banks, causing a general
overflow such as has never been beheld in the province before, leaving
the city in such a condition that it may be said to exist no longer, its
inhabitants (those who were not victims of the fury of the waters)
being reduced to the most lamentable destitution. The landed estate
belonging to the Royal Domain, by sequestration has been ruined by
that overflow, a statement of which property I enclose herewith
for the knowledge of Your Lordship. The unfortunate condition of
WITH THE MAKERS OF SAN ANTONIO
242
this people did not allow me to offer that property for sale, as Y. L.
had instructed; now and for better cause it will be more difficult, and
all the houses left standing will by degrees fall in ruins, as they have
been considerably shattered by the overflow; even t h e parcels of cul-
tivable land are no longer fit for cultivation. Therefore Y. L. will please
determine as you may deem most advisable, in order t h a t the Royal,
Domain may not suffer a total loss. May God preserve you many
years." This report was signed by Antonio Martinez, a t Bexar, July 9,
1819. Subsequent to this flood began the migration to La Villita,
where the Martinez family received several Royal Grants. Bastrop,
Alcalde of 2nd vote, was indeed a personal friend of Governor Mar-
tinez. He received from him, 1818, a grant of the confiscated lands of
the Frenchman, Pedro LongaviUa, to the north of the Alameda. The
distinguished citizen, Philip Henry Neri, called Baron de Bastrop,
first came to Bexar with Mordecai Richards, in 1805. He conveyed
his grant from Arredondo, "Cotton Wbod Grove," on the south side of
the Alameda, to the La Baume, old Louisiana friends, which property
later became known as "La Baume Place." The services of both Bas-
trop and Governor Martinez to Austin are too well known to require
repetition at this time.
What today is known as the Cos House, on Villita Street, because
of the fact that General Cos signed the capitulations here in December,
1835, was, according to the abstract of t h e property, a grant to Don
Antonio Martinez, who made application for it, for the purpose of en-
closing it as a corral to serve him for keeping his cows. Don Matias
del Rio was Alcalde at the time (ca 1797), and it was through his good
offices that the governor confirmed the grant. Maria Rafaela Mar-
tinez, daughter of Don Antonio, took possession in about 1812, and
permanently resided here. Again in August, 1830, the property was
confirmed to her by the Jefe Politico of the Department, after due
Investigation, and with the approval of the Ayuntamiento of San
Antonio.3«
VERAMENDI HOUSE
•.» 8 A 7 .. C h f b o t ' " F i r s t Annual Eeport of the Secretary, Yanagnana Society, for the Year
3-34, Ma.
VERAMENDI
I. Don Fernando de Veramendi, the first of the famUy in San

Antonio, was born in Navarre, the son of Martin de Veramendi and
his wife, Doha Benita de Olagrie. Don Fernando left his mother and
three sisters in Pamplona, Navarre, the home of the Echeverz family,
which produced the first Marques de Aguayo. Don Fernando was killed
by the Apaches May 31, 1783, at Canada del Pescado, or Charco de
Pescado, near Palmitos, under the jurisdiction of the Presidio of San
Juan Bautista on the Rio Grande, Coahuila. His will, in the Bexar
Archives (No. 62, Causa Mortual), is dated San Fernando, April 28,
1783. His paternal inheritance in Europe, he left to his mother for
her lifetime, and to his three sisters, after her death. All of his
clothes were left to the poor of the Presidio of San Antonio. His mer-
cantile establishment was considered unusually valuable for the times
(en mucha opulencia en el giro de su comerdo). The inventory of his
estate exceeded 12,300 pesos. The estate was not properly managed,
however, Juan M. Amondarain, guardian for the minor heirs, getting
into difficulties. In 1790 the Veramendi shop was closed, and Uttle
busmess, if any, was transacted (B. A., Quaderno No. 6, Expediente No.
88). Aside from the residence in the street caUed Soledad, he left four
suertes in the upper labor, with two days water, which he had pur-
chased from Joaquin Menchaca, and Clemente Delgado, the origmal
grantees (B. A., 4-28-1783; 10-3-1783; No. 62). He purchased 12 hours
water rights and corresponding land, from Ramona de la Garza, widow,
and her two sons, April 20, 1782; and 2 suertes and 24 hours water
rights in the upper labor, from Francisco Menchaca, acting for his
father, June 25, 1782, which deeds were in the Spanish Archives.
Don Fernando de Veramendi married Dona Maria Josefa Grana-
do in San Antonio. The Process upon the division and disposition of
the estate of Maria Josefa Granado, deceased, to their heirs, is dated
January 9, 1787, and comprised 50 pages in the Spanish Archives.
They had:
1 Jose Maria, b. 1777; m. 1801. Maria de los Santos Coy (Jose and Mbria de Urrutia) ;
parents of Encarnaci6n, b. 1805.
2 Juan Martin del Carmen, q. s.
3 Maria Josefa Vicente, b. 1780; probably d. y., as she is not mentioned in her father's
will.
4 Fernando Ramon Nepomuceno, b. 1782; buried in San Antonio. April 2, 1816; m.
Maria Antonia Flores (Jose Manuel and Maria Josefa Menchaca, daughter of Mar-
cos) ; parents of Fernando Segrundo, b. 1809.
H. Juan Martin (2) ; b. December 17, 1778 (/. 130); in 1830 he was
appointed Lieut. Governor, and started for Mexico to qualify; whUe
there, he met Bowie, says Menchaca, in his Memoirs and they became
friends; returning to San Antonio together. Upon the death of Gov-
ernor Jose Maria Letona, 1832, Veramendi proceeded to Mexico to take
charge of the govemment, arriving at SaltiUo November 11, 1832. "As
soon as he arrived he received his commission as governor, which he
exercised until the 7th of February, 1833." Here he received Bowie who
was accompanied by seven other Americans, and presented him to Con-
gress. Juan Martin de Veramendi m. Josefa Navarro. She, Josefa Ruiz

de Navarro, purchased one-half suerte, 50 varas square, with one-half
dula, in San Jose, from Jose Maria Urena, for the heirs of Juan Mar-
tin de Berramendi, May 22, 1834, according to the deed which was in
the Spanish Archives. The foUowing year Antonio Navarro, represent-
ing the sons of Juan Martin Veramendi, petitioned for lands in Texas
(Bolton, Guide, 350). Juan Martin and Josefa had:
1 Ursula, q. s.
2 Juana, adopted; sister of Gertrudis, who m. Miguel Cantu; daughters of Jose Angel
Navarro and Concepcion Cervantes; she m. 1st. 1832, Alejo Peres; and 2nd. Dr.
Alexander Alsbury, of Alamo fame.
3 Josefa, m. Rafael de la Garza.
4 Maria Antonia, m. Rafael de la Garza, after Josefa's d.
5 Teresa, m. 1846, Jesus Cantu; m. 2nd, Juan Rodriguez.
6 Jose Marcos Antonio, b. 1818; m. Luisa Meade; lived in Leon, Mex.
7 Pepe, who went to California in '49; and other children, b. 1813-1832, who probablj
d. y.
HI. Ursula (1), baptised by Curate Jose Dario Zambrano, November
1, 1811, aged six days (No. 1125); m. April 25, 1831, James Bowie; god-
parents: Angel Navarro and Juan Francisco Bueno. James Bowie was
bom in Logan County, Kentucky, His grandfather, Reese Bowie, with
two brothers, were Scotch Highlanders of the Macgregor Clan. Reese
came to America in 1705 and settled in S. Ca.; the other two settled
in Md. James Bowie's father, John Bowie, was a captain in the 5th S.
Ca., during the Revolution, joining or rather being made captain in
1777; he was severely wounded at Savanah, Ga., Oct. 9, 1779; and
there m. Elvy Apcatesby Jones, a nurse to the wounded Americans.
James Bowie's parents "were typical citizens of the frontier, ever on
the move westward. They were both bom and m. in Ga. They moved
to Tenn., Mo., Ky., and finaUy to La. The father is described as a man
of strong mind and good judgment, the mother, as a woman of keen
inteUect, fair education, and sincere piety. They had a famUy of six
chUdren, four boys and two girls, aU of whom Uved to be grown.
"Living mostly in wUd regions, these chUdren had Uttle opportunity
for getting an education from books. John J., the eldest son, said that
their mother gave to aU her children the rudiments of an education,
but except for this statement not a word can be found concerning the
formal schooling of James Bowie. There are, however, a considerable
number of letters and other documents from his pen, which are to be
found in the archives of the Texas State Library, and among various
other collections of papers in the state; these show that either by
formal or informal methods, he had acquired a fair education, for
these letters do not suffer from a critical comparison with the writ-
ings of other prominent men of the times who are known to have had
coUege training. His brother, Rezin P. Bowie, at one time said that he
and James were equaUy at home in the use of the EngUsh, the French,
and the Spanish languages . . .
"In 1814, at the age of 18, Bowie left his father's home to face the
world for himself. He settled at Bayou Boef, Rapides Parish, and alone
cleared a smaU tract of land which he tiUed. His chief money income,
however, came from the sale of lumber which he sawed with a com-
mon whip ripsaw and boated down the river to New Orleans. The
boy was poor, proud, and ambitious, without rich family connections or
influence, but at this early date he determined to be something in

the world. His brother says of him that he was always friendly with
everybody. He loved all kinds of sports, but took especial deUght In
fishing, hunting and the catching of wUd horses. He was an expert
with the lasso, and he fumished great amusement for his neighbors
by roping and riding wUd horses. In fact, it is said that he often ropea
and rode the aUiators in the bayou.
"When his farm increased in value as the country settled up
around it, Bowie sold it, and for a few months in the early part of
1819, he was connected with the Long Expedition. In the fall of 1819
he and his brother, Rezin P. Bowie, entered into partnership for the
development of sugar plantations. During the 7 or 8 years of this
partnership these brothers owned and developed several valuable es-
tates in the La Fourche, the Rapids, and the Opelousas districts. On
their Arcadia plantation they introduced the first steam mill for grind-
ing sugar cane ever used in Louisiana. They finaUy sold Arcadia for
$90,000. To their plantation interests, the Bowie brothers, John J. (who
Uved in Arkansas), Rezin P., and James, added a side line. They fit-
ted out smaU boats at the mouths of the Calcasieu and the Sabine
Rivers, and from 1818 to 1821, they engaged in the slave trade. Jean
Lafitte and his privateers were, at this time, harrying aU commerce
on the Gulf. They would capture slave ships—mostly under the Span-
ish flag—and would carry their prizes to Galveston island where La-
fitte had established a regular pirate colony. Prom this station many
slaves were sold in the United States, sometimes directly to planters,
but more often through agents such as the Bowies. John J. Bowie said
that they paid Lafitte a doUar a pound for negroes, or an average
of $140 per head, and then shipped their purchase, by means of their
smaU boats, to the mouth of either the Calcasieu, or of the Sabine,
and thence on foot, through the swamps of East Texas and Louisiana,
to a custom house official. The law of the day concerning the slave
trade was rather irregular. Slave-trading was Ulegal, but smuggling
was common, and the question what to do with the negroes after they
had been smuggled into the United States was puzzling. Most of the
southem states had laws that permitted such slaves to be sold by a
United States marshal to the highest bidder; half of such sale price
was given to the person or persons who informed the government of
the fact of such smuggling. Thus, the Bowie brothers would carry
their slaves, bought from Lafitte, to a custom house officer and be-
come informers. The marshal would then seU the negroes at auction,
the Bowies becoming a second time the purchasers, but receiving back,
as informers, half the price they paid. After this double dealing had
been consummated, their title to the negroes was legalized and they
were then free to seU them at a profit, anywhere in the South. But
there was considerable risk in this busmess. Often they had to keep
the negroes for some time before they found sale for them; then, again,
transportation risks were heavy. On one occasion James Bowie was
convoying 30 slaves through the wilds of East Texas, they escaped
from him whUe he slept and were captured by the Comanche Indians.
He traUed them to the Colorado River, but at last had to abandon
his property. But notwithstanding these disadvantages and losses, the

brothers had within 2 or 3 years made $65,000 at the busmess.
"With money thus earned, James Bowie began to speculate in
Louisiana lands. He bought up large tracts of wUd land and sold or
traded it as opportunity offered. This new enterprise kept him con-
stantly in the woods, but he loved the woods and aU wUd Ufe, so his
natural inclinations gave to his employment a pecuUar fascination.
He was in constant danger, however, from both wUd beasts and from
Indians, and it was at this time that Rezin P. Bowie designed a hunt-
ing knife for his brother, and had his plantation blacksmith, Jesse
Cliffe, make one from an old fUe. This knife was 8!4 in. long and VA
in. wide. It was sharp on only one edge and had a curved point. The
knife was designed to be used solely for huntmg purposes, and except
for the notorious brawl on the sandbar of the Mississippi River, was
not used by Bowie in dueling...
"From land trafficking in Louisiana, James Bowie cleared from
$15,000 to $20,000. In the operation of this busmess he estabUshed an
office in New Orleans and spent several winters in that city. By 1828
he had disposed of most of his negroes and land, and then decided
to go to Texas and play the land game in that newly opened coutnr^
He arrived in Texas in the early days of 1828, and spent several months
in a fruitless search for the famous [San Saba] silver mines, chron-
icled in old Spanish records. It is said that he never gave up the
dream of some day reopening those mines. He set up his headquart-
ers at Bexar, and on June 26, 1828, was baptised into the Roman Cath-
oUc Church, Juan Martin and Joseph Navarro de Veramendi stand-
ing sponsors in baptism. He retumed to Louisiana, but at just what
time, our records do not make clear. However, in February, 1830, he
came back to Texas, bearing to Stephen P. Austin a letter of intro-
duction from Thomas P. McKinney of Nacogdoches, which said, 'Per-
mit me to introduce to you Mr. James Bowie, a gentleman who stands
highly esteemed by his acquaintances, and merits the attention parti-
cularly of the citizens of Texas as he is disposed to become a citizen
of that country and wiU evidently be able to promote its general in-
terests. I hope that you and Mr. Bowie may concur in sentiments and
that you may facihtate his views.'...
"During the early months of 1830 Bowie invested from $1,000 to
$15,000 in Texas lands, and set up his residence at Bexar. There he
quickly made friends with the most influential famUies of the town,
and became popular both in social and in busmess circles." During
this year he was elected colonel of Texas Rangers. On April 25, 1831,
he married Ursula Maria de Veramendi. "Refugio de la Garza, the
same priest who had baptized him in 1828, read the marriage cere-
mony, Jose Angel Navarro and Juana Francisco Bueno, standing spon-
sors for the marriage. By the terms of the pre-nuptial contract we
leam that at this time Bowie's estate was valued at some $250,000,
and that he endowed his bride with his worldly goods to the amount
of $15,000, including the deeds to machinery for cotton miUs, already
purchased, but stUl in Boston.
"This marriage was a real romance. On the wedding tour, Bowie

carried his bride to New Orleans to introduce her to his kindred and
friends. The whole trip was a series of ovations. At New Orleans the
beauty critics pronounced Ursula Bowie to be one of the most beauti-
ful women of the South, and when the couple went abroad upon the
streets they were t h e observed of aU observers.' James Bowie adopted
his wife's people as his own, and even at the time of his death, he stiU
considered himself as one of the Veramendi sons... But his domestic
happiness was brief. At the time of his marriage, Bowie had formed
a partnership with Veramendi for the establishment of cotton nulls
at SaltUlo. Since a foreigner could not engage in manufacturing
within Mexican territory, letters of citizenship were granted to him by
the Congress of CoahuUa and Texas, September 30, 1830. After the
nulls were set up, however, Bowie left the busmess of their operation
to his father-in-law, who consequently estabhshed a residence at Sal-
tillo as weU as at Bexar, and spent much time there. This was con-
venient, because as vice-governor of CoahuUa-Texas he had to be in
Mexico frequently on political busmess. The Veramendi famUy also
had a summer home at Monclova. In the year 1833, Bowie had to be
away from home a great deal, frequently on expeditions agamst the
Indians, and in the operation of his various interests, so in June of
that year, finding it necessary to make a protracted trip to New Or-
leans, he urged his wife to accompany her father's famUy to Monclova,
promising to join her there in September or October. While on this
visit to her father, Mrs. Bowie, her two infant chUdren, her father,
her mother, and several other members of the family died of cholera,
aU within three days' time." J. A. Navarro wrote S. M. WiUiams, Sep-
tember 26, 1833 of the unexpected death in Monclova of his brother-
in-law, Veramendi, his sister Josepha (Veramendi's wife), and Ursula
Bowie and her children, asking him to advise poor Bowie in some way
of this sad news. Encarnacion Basquez was advised "by recent mail
from Monclova, we have leamed of the cholera epidemic in that city,
and by maU which arrived three days ago, stating that the epidemic
had ceased, we learned that on that day only 8 persons had been at-
tacked, and among the victims were my compadre Veramendi and his
lady, Doha Ursuhta, with three or four servants, Don Francisco Madero,
the Asesor General, Gefe PoUtico and Counselor of State, who after
the death of my friend Veramendi, assumed the govemment, but who
himself was attacked and died.. ."348
"Self-controUed and calm as Bowie habitually was, the death of
his famUy seemed to upset the foundations of his hfe. Upon hearing
of the tragic news, he rushed off to Monclova. WhUe there he lost
aU mterest in his manufacturing enterprise and sold the machinery
at SaltUlo at a great sacrifice. By the middle of October he was again
in Louisiana; after making his wiU, October 31, 1833, at Natchez, Mis-
sissippi, he buried himself in the heart of his own family to mourta
his loss. But Bowie's nature could not tolerate inactivity, and before
Christmas he was back in Texas.
348 Navarro letter, Williams Papers, Rosenberg Library, cited in Quarterly, XXXVII, 97;
and "Borrador" 1833-1834, Bexar.
"Records do not give a clear account of what he was doing in

1834, but glimpses show that he was in SaltUlo, Monclova, New Or-
leans, Bexar, and we know that it was in 1834 that he became imphcat-
ed as John T. Mason's agent in the 400-league land deals. During the
early months of 1835 he was still in Monclova, but by July he had re-
tumed to Texas and Louisiana, for John Forbes in writing to a friend
on July 24, 1835, says: 'Colonel Bowie is ever ahve to the interests of
Texas,' and continues with an account of how Bowie on certain occa-
sions had boldly intercepted dispatches from the Mexican government
to its consul at New Orleans." He was also famihar with PadiUa's house
in the lower labors, where Mexicans ready to desert, were harbored.349
It seems that he was under surveillance, for the Bexar Archives report
that he was able to escape from Bexar.
"The Texas Revolution broke out on October 2, 1835. Although
there are a good many documents concerning Bowie's activities be-
tween October, 1835, and January, 1836, they are difficult to interpret
with accuracy. It appears, however, that he never held any rank in
the army except the nominal one of 'Volunteer Aid,' although for a
time the First Division of the First Battalion was nominaUy under his
and Captain Fannin's joint command. Hard feelings arose between
him and Austin, the details of which are not known, but it was rumor-
ed through the camp that Bowie felt aggrieved because no definite
command had been given him, and because even in the division that
he was supposed to command with Captain Fannin, he was actuaUy
a mere figurehead, a sort of guide and adviser, but not in actual au-
thority. The color of truth is given to this rumor by the fact that
Bowie sent to Austin two resignations within a week. The first was
on October 26, but almost immediately afterward Austin caUed on
Bowie for service, and Bowie obeyed so promptly and efficiently as to
merit and to receive Austin's unstinted praise for his skUlful and suc-
cesful conduct of the Battle of Concepcion on October 28." Juan N.
Seguin says in his Personal Memoirs, "I was commanded to accom-
pany Colonel Bowie to the Mission of San Jose, with my company,
with orders to approach the city as nearly as possible, following the
banks of the river. We arrived, on the evenmg of the 21st of Novem-
ber, at the Mission of Concepcion, and noticing that we had been ob-
served by the scouts of General Cos, passed the night in making pre-
parations to resist an attack which we considered imminent. We were
not deceived; on the morning of the 22nd a force was seen moving
along the road from San Antonio to the Mission. A few men, sent by
Bowie to reconnoitre, made such a rash charge, that they were cut
off from their line of retreat, and had to shut themselves up in the
steeple of the church, where they remained during the action. The
day was soon ours; the enemy retreating, with the loss of one piece
of artillery."
From the time that Edward Burleson was elected to the chief
command in Austin's stead, Bowie was continuously active, "tiU he
was stricken down with typhoid-pneumonia on February 24, 1836."
349 Baker. "Texas Scrap Book," 646.
"He led his men in the Grass Fight on November 26, and was con-
spicuous at the storming of Bexar, December 5-9, 1835."
When Antonio Menchaca arrived at Bexar, on December 20, 1835,
after having deUvered a note to Marcial Borrego, he sought Bowie
and was received by him in a very touching manner. Weeping because
of the loss of his famUy, Bowie asked Menchaca if he was stUl his
companion in arms. Menchaca replied "I shaU be your companion
Jim Bowie, until I die." Bowie replied: "Then come this evening to
take you to introduce you to Travis, at the Alamo."35o
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F A C - M M I I E S OF MCMATUKES OF HISTORICAL II-.KSONACKS.
Mrs. Alsbury says that when Bowie realized that he had typhoid
fever, he had his cot carried to a "smaU room of the low barracks
on the south side," to prevent the spread of the disease; but, "when
the fever was somewhat abated, his soldiers would bring his cot to
the main building, where he would talk" with the soldiers of the Alamo
"and urge that they remember that Travis was now their commander."
"The accounts concerning the spot where Bowie died are conflict-
ing. Some state that he was kUled on his cot in the hospital, the south-
west room in the second story of the long barracks; some on the south
350 Menchaca, Antonio, Memoirs, Ms.

side; while a number of others say that on March 4, or 5, he grew

so very Ul that he was brought down to the church where the women
and the chUdren were, both that he be in a safer place and that he
might have better care. AU these accounts agree that with his last
strength he kUled several of his assaUants. They aU likewise agee
that his body was mutUated by the enemy."35i
"While he was in New Orleans in 1834, Bowie had his portrait
painted by the celebrated artist, Benjamm West. The origmal portrait
is in the possession of his kinsmen in New Orleans, but an oU copy
hangs on the waUs of the old Alamo chapel in San Antonio. This
portrait is said to be an exceUent likeness of the man. John J. Bowie
describes his brother as being 6 ft., 1 in. taU, weight 180 lbs., with an
especiaUy weU-made body and limbs. His hair was chestnut brown—
not quite red; his eyes dark grey-blue and deep in his head, calm,
quiet, but penetrating in their glance. His complexion was fair, and
where unexposed to the sun was white as milk. His hands were long,
slender, white, and very capable, with a grip Uke steel. Altogether, he
was a manly, fine-looking person."352
The Veramendi Palace, as the governor's residence was sometimes
caUed, in Soledad Street (so-caUed as early as 1736, see Curbelo), was
acquired by Don Fernando de Veramendi from Marcos de Castro and
his wife, by deed of February 5, 1780. The property was described at
the time as having a front of 12 varas, with a depth to the river;
bounded E, river; N, vendor's lands; W, street from the Plaza of the
Islas; and S, land of Antonio de los Barcenas. By deed of exchange,
dated March 17, 1781, Don Fernando gave 3 v. of land he had pur-
chased from Julian de Arocha, to Barcenas, in exchange for 3 v. which
he, Barcenas, had purchased from Marcos de Castro. Barcenas re-
ceived 51Vi v., N to S, from Joaquin Menchaca October 3, 1777, bounded
E, river, W, street, N, land of Marcos de Castro, and S, JuUan de Aro-
cha. Menchaca purchased this property from Diego Ortiz de ParriUa.
There is record of the purchase of two lots with two stone houses by
Colonel Ortiz y PariUa, February 22, 1759.
In 1783 the stone house in the Calle de la Soledad is described as
having a saguan paved with flagging, one sala and one aposento of
brick; a Uving room roofed with mesqute shingles, on hve oak beams;
the saguan having two large doors, one openmg on the street with its
carved stone frame, and the other, entering the patio, with two other
doors to the sala and aposento; the sala having two windows, and the
aposento, one. The patio measured 12 v. from W to E, and WA v. from
S to N, and was enclosed by two stone walls, beginning at the main
house and ending in the kitchen, which was 13 v. long and 4% v. wide,
roofed with cedar, with one door looking on the river. This property
was then valued at 1,880 pesos and 4 reales. The household effects
and furnishings at the time of Don Femando's death, 1783, included
351 Quarterly, XXXVII, 17, note 42; and p . 43.

352 This entire account is from Williams, Amelia, "A Critical Study of the Siege of the
Alamo and of the Personnel of Its Defenders," in Quarterly, XXXVII, 90-103. Biographical
data are also taken from a letter of John S. Moore, Bowie's nephew, dated New Orleans,
June 24, 1894, Ms. Bowie's citizenship papers in Bexar, 1830, Spanish Archives, September
30, 1830, Decree No. 159. See also, Chabot, Alamo Altar of Texas Liberty, 77-79.
9 chairs of rough wood with cane seats; 6 shades of painted glass with
gUded trimmings; 1 large crystal vase, with gilded decorations; and 1
sword, decorated with silver. Of Uvestock there were 5 yoke of oxen,
with one cart, 3 milk cows and 2 horses. Maria Josefa Granado is
mentioned in the partition as Don Fernando's widow; their oldest son
being Joseph Maria; the second, Juan Martin; the third, Fernando;
and a fourth chUd, postumo. See the Lamar Papers.
In 1801 Juan Martin de Veramendi acquired the holdings of Jose
Maria and Fernando Ramon.
In the inventory of October 1, 1833, of Juan Martin and Maria
Josefa, the Veramendi House was described as being situated on Sole-
dad Street, with 15 v. front, running back to the river. It was bound-
ed N, property of the heirs of the late Francisco Amangual; S, land
of Juana Ximenes; W, Soledad St.; and E, river.
The southeast comer of Houston and Soledad Sts., of today, just
north of the Veramendi property, also originaUy belonged to Marcos
de Castro. He sold the site to Jose Antonio BustiUo y CebaUos, who
sold it (March 7, 1785) to Francisco Amangual. Francisco Amangual,
2nd Alferez, was rewarded for meritorious service as Sgt. of the reg.
of dragoons of Spain, May 14, 1782. He was elected paymaster of the
company of Bexar, December 30, 1788. He was 2nd Lieut., after meritor-
irous service as 1st Alf., of the presidial company of Bexar (June 10,
1789). Subsequent to the promotion of Don Bernardo Fernandez, he
was promoted for meritorious service to the rank of 1st Lieut., Feb-
ruary 6, 1797. He was again promoted, when his place as 1st Lieut.,
was taken by Miguel Francisco Muzquiz, after services as 2nd Lieut,
of the presidio in Monclova (AprU 2, 1803). In the wiU of Maria Tri-
nidad Garcia, dated 1815, widow of Francisco Amangual, the stone
house is described as having had four rooms, in front and six in the
rear, wtih a front of 36 varas.353
In the venerable old Veramendi house, brave Bowie wooed and won
his blushing bride;" here too, "matchless Milam battled and died." We
are told (Barnes, p. 22) that the double doors so scarred and shattered
by shot and shell during the siege, were fashioned and placed on their
pivots "by the hand of the master artisan, Manuel Cabrera." These
doors, now the property of Mrs. Maria WiUiams James and Mrs. A.
ColUns are on exhibit in the Alamo. The water color painting of
them is in possession of Miss Sarah King. "The last prominent fanuly
that resided there before it was given over to commercial uses, was
that of the Lockmars and the Angles, iUustrious ones of early days,
whose scions stUl dweU in San Antonio." In this, and in the palace of
the governors on MiUtary Plaza, "were held the stately functions and
revels of the official famUies of the various regimes of Spain and Mex-
ico, the duels taking place either immediately beneath their roofs or in
the plazas and streets hard by. The old Veramendi later became the
place for holding the pubUc revelry of the middle and lower class and
more deadly duels probably occurred there than at any other of the
scenes of Terpshichorean transport." It was here that the United States
353 A. G. L, Guadalajara. 104-6-8; "B. A.," 1788; and Sp. Ar.
Commander, General Twiggs, surrendered Federal authority to the

Southem Confederacy's Commissioners, Thomas J. Devine, Samuel A.
Maverick, and P. N. Luckett.
"WaUs are said to have ears. If this be so, and the walls of the
Veramendi House had also a mouth to talk, they could teU stories of
romance and war, of sieges and battles, intrigues and death more in-
teresting, if possible, than a bound volume of Texas Sittings." The
northern waU of the Veramendi House stUl showed the indentation
where the hole through which the Texans entered had been fUled up.
But then the old landmark had to go. "It must foUow the old Texans,
to whom it was so dear and so famUiar, into oblivion. And yet it is
not obhvion. Their names coupled with those of the Alamo, San Ja-
cinto, GoUad, and other spots they made famous, wUl never be for-
gotten."
"Ruthless is the hand of commercialism. Utterly relentless is its
iconoclasm. Naught from it can escape. No shrine, whether of Faith
cr Valor, to it is sacred nor from it secure. One of the most venerable
and historic of structures in San Antonio has faUen." Owing to the
widening of Soledad Street, we are told, the City CouncU ordered the
destruction of the Veramendi Palace in February 1909. The actual site
of the front waU and facade was at about the middle of present So-
ledad St., in front of the Clegg Co. The owners of the property, re-
presented by Houston, Boyle, Storey and Davis, fUed suit, November
22, 1909, agamst the City of San Antonio, represented by Bryan Cal-
laghan, Chas. Van Riper, Leo M. J. Dielman, and Fritz Russi, with
"Apphcation to restrain defendants from enforcing the terms of a
city ordinance which condemns the Veramendi BuUding on Soledad
St., as unsafe and ordering its removal, also for writ of mandamus re-
quiring the buUding inspectors to issue a permit aUowing plaintiffs to
repair said buUding." The City Ordinance, Joumal and Minutes of
Council T. City of San Antonio, Texas, pp. 227-228, reads as foUows:
AN ORDINANCE
Declaring the old Veramendi House to be unsafe and liable to fall down and endanger
persons and property, and directing the removal thereof.
Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of San Antonio:
Section 1: That the N, £, S and W walls of that certain one-story building situated on
N . C. Block 106, on the £ side of Soledad St., bounded on the N by a new two-story brick
building occupied by the S. A. Printing Co., on the S by property of Helen Alice Smith, and
on the W by Soledad St., said building known as part of the old Veramendi Building, in the
City of San Antonio. Bexar County, Texas, owned or claimed by L. B. Clegg, Adolph Groos
and the S. A. Loan & Trust Co.. and the roof covering said building as well a s the sup-
ports thereof and the partition walls therein, are hereby declared to be unsafe and liable to
fall down and endanger persons and property.
Section 2 : That in accordance with the ordinances of the City, the City Marshall and
Inspector of Buildings shall give notice in writing to the respective owners, agents or oc-
cupants of said above described premises to take down and remove the same, and should the
said respective owners, agents or occupants fail or refuse so to do, then the Street Commis-
sioner is hereby directed to forthwith remove the same a t the expense of the owners of said
above described premises, and said expense is hereby declared to be a lien on the lot and
grounds upon which said building and structure is situated, and said expense shall be col-
lected in accordance with law.
November 8, 1909.
This ordinance, after a third reading was unanimously "adopted
by the foUowing vote on roU caU towit: Ayes, aldermen Amaud,
Braden, Dietzmann, Klaus, Kuehn, Lambert, Lockwood, Mauermann,

Menger, Richter, Smith, Wickeland. Nays none."
The suit was settled February 25, 1910, the City paying the plaint-
iffs $1,250, with mutual acknowledgement for clear, unincumbered title
and possession.354
N Expedition under Mendoza and Lopez in

proceeding downstream along Pecos River
came upon the Jediondo (Ul-smeUing) In-
dians, January 17, 1684. "Their chiefs and
the rest of the people came out to wel-
come us with much joy," declares Men-
doza. "Most of them came on foot, others
on horseback. They brought a very weU
made cross, which seemed to measure
about two and a half varas. It had been
fashioned out of heavy timber, was painted
red and yeUow and it had a large naU (to
hold the two arms). It was evident that they had made the cross sometime
before. They also brought a white taffeta flag, a Uttle less than a
vara in length. In the center of the flag, there were two crosses of
blue taffeta, very well made." Possession of a French flag, says Cas-
taneda (Our Catholic Heritage in Texas, n , 321), was even more sign-
ificant than the cross borne by the Indians; for this was no other than
a French flag, the two crosses of blue taffeta, being fleurs-de-lis. *Tt
is incontrovertible proof that French traders had been as far as the
Pecos by 1604, or that the Indians of this region traded with the French
to the east either directly or through other tribes. This fact has not
been fuUy appreciated by the early historians of Texas," adds Casta-
neda. "La Salle's ill-starred settlement on Matagorda Bay was not,
then, the first formal incursion into Texas by the French."
"The proximity of the French had from the first been the char-
acteristic motive for maintaining Spanish settlements in East Texas.
News of La Salle's fortification on Matagorda Bay was what led Spain,
after more than a century and a half's activity, to found in 1690 the
first mission in Texas. Mission San Francisco de los Texas, as the
establishment was caUed, was placed far to the east, near the Neches
River. This mission and another that was founded soon after, being
abandoned, it required new French encroachments, in the form of San
Denis's trading expedition across Texas (1714-1715) to bring the Span-
ish back to the frontier. Whatever may have been the designs of San
Denis or of the government behind him, the Spanish authorities fear-
ed danger, and proceeded again to secure a foot-hold in the country
threatened. An expedition sent out in 1715 re-established the Texas
354 Barnes, "Combats," 21-23. 113-114; "Express." Feb. 24, 1909, p . 14; Clegg vs. City
of S. A., Case 24.180. 57th Distr. Court. 1909, VoL VFL pp. 15, 99, 115, 119, 137 (jacket and
contents l o s t ) ; and "Office Docket," 11. 44, City Attorney's Office.
mission, founded five new ones in the vicinity, and placed a garrison
at Presidio de los Texas, or Dolores. All of these new missions were
nearer the French frontier than San Francisco, the first one, while one
of them, San Miguel de Linares, was beyond the Sabine River, squarely
in front of the French post at Natchitoches.
"The frontier miUtary policy thus begun by estabUshing Presidio
de los Texas, was developed by war between France and Spain. A
French attack on Pensacola in 1719 was followed by the flight of the
frightened Spanish garrison and missionaries from the frontier to
Bexar. As soon as possible the Marques de San Miguel de Aguayo was
sent (1721) to recover the province and to strengthen its defences. He
re-estabUshed the abandoned missions and Presidio de los Texas, built
a new presidio caUed Pilar de los Adaes near Mission San Miguel, and
garrisoned it with a hundred soldiers."
"For a score or more of years no important change was made in
East Texas, but the chief matters of mterest there were a dispute over
the boundary between Spanish and French territory and complaints
about French smuggling on the border. The increase of this species of
trade along the Trinity led to the establishment about 1755 of a new
presidio on that river, which, after two removals was located at Orco-
quisac, the site of the mission of Nuestra Sehora de la Luz, near the
present town of Liberty.
"It is thus seen that fear of the French, in one form or another,
had from the very beginning been a decisive factor in the Spanish,
policy on the Texas-Louisiana frontier. But in 1762 came the cession
cf Louisiana to Spain, and it was felt that danger from the French
was largely removed."
The influence of the French over the Indians, Govemor Ripperda's
relations, and GU Ybarbo's activities with Nicolas de la Mathe, have
alreadv been discussed in the first part of this work.355
The La Salle colonists who escaped massacre at Fort Saint Louis
probably visited the Indian village at the site of present San Antonio.
St. Denis and his companions, however, were probably the first French-
men in official status, to appear in this vicinity. St. Denis, as we have
seen, with Jean de Medar and Pierre Largen, accompanied or helped to
guide the Ramon Expedition in 1716.
"Juan de Medarde," accordmg to the San Fernando church rec-
ords, was a Frenchman. He was godfather in San Antonio in 1724.
at the wedding of Alberto Lopez and Juana Ximenes Valdes.
Manuel de Espadas, in conformity with instructions, reported to
Governor Munoz, May 18, 1792, (B. A., 1793), that there were three
Frenchmen in the jurisdiction of his presidio at La Bahia, who had
been hving there for many years. One of them, he said, was of advanced
age, and married; he was Francisco Bontari. Another, native of
Louisiana, caUed Don Antonio Demesieres (sic), with the rank of First
Alferez of the Company of La Bahia, was of the same status as the
first. The third, native of Marseilles, Europe, was Don Lorenzo Rene,
355 See Bolton, "Spanish Abandonment," in Quarterly, IX, 67-137.

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FRENCH 255
who enjoyed a pension of three reales per diem, granted him through
the kindness of Don Carlos m ; he was a widower, but ready to
marry a second time. He was of as commendable conduct as the other
two. His relations, Espadas added, were perfectly in accord with the
ofifce he was holding; he was always obedient to superior orders.
The 1794 Census of Nacogdoches reports the foUowmg Frenchmen
resident at that place: Juan Lamaque, a trader, with the friendly In-
dians, born in Europe in 1734; married to Maria Cortinas, b. in the
Adaes, 1758; with three daughters and two sons; Pedro Angle, b. in
New Orleans, 1763; m. Juana Santa Cruz, b. Adaes, 1768; Luis Annan,
b. La Punta Cortada, 1765; trader; Luis Belanche, native of Canada,
farmer; widower, two sons; "Tomelete," native of Europe; Leone Sa-
muel, native of Europe; m. an Apache caUed "Juana"; four children;
Esteban Goguete, b. New Orleans, 1754; m. Juana de Lata; one daugh-
ter; "Nicolas", b. New Orleans, 1752; farmer; Jose Guadon, b. Merlan,
1734; m. Maria, b. BersaUa (sic), 1744; four chUdren. It might be sug-
gested, from the sound of this name, that the good man was none too
famUiar with the Spanish language, or did not care to answer ques-
tions put to him, in that he might have answered or asked in French
"Quoi Done?", meaning "WeU, what?"
In 1719 there was a Frenchman in San Antonio caUed Francisco.
He was godfather at that date, and was described as being the maes-
tro de Escoplo y Asnela.
DE LOS ANGELES
I. Pedro de los Angeles, from the City of Angers, France, (though
the B. A., 1787, state that he was from Saumur, Anjou, France), was
the son of Pedro Carlos and Andrea Garniere (Gamiero). Other records
church, and B. A., 5-14-1792, state that Pedro or Pierre de los Ange-
les Charlis (Charle or Sarly) was the son of Pedro and Andrea, of
the VUla Redondo, and was baptised in the Cathedral of Somer
(Saumur), in the Province of Anjou, France. At the age of 18 or 20,
he came to New Louisiana (sic) where he Uved for nine years; the,
first three years he worked as a barber, and then spent the remaining
six years in the mihtary service of the King of Prance. When Jacinto
de Barrios was govemor of Texas, he came to the Adaes, and accom-
panied this govemor to San Antonio. In 1792 he stated that he was
33 years of age; and that he had married twice, having two chUdren,
the fruit of his first marriage. He m. 1st, 1760, Agueda Maldonado
(Luis and Luisa Peres); and m. 2nd, 1778, Maria de Estrada.
By the 1st m.: Jose Francisco, b. 1764; m. Juana Padron (pos-
sibly the widow of Jose Francisco Flores), parents of Juan Manuel
Aniceto, b. 1794; (2) Joseph Joaquin, b. 1766; By the 2nd m.: (3) Maria
Concepcion, b. 1799; and (4) Alejo, b. ca 1786; d. 1821; m. 1804, Juana
Travieso (Francisco and Ana Maria de Luna), parents of: Alvira Tri-
nidad, b. 1806; m. Pedro del Toro (Juan and Rosalia Ximenes); by
whom: Maria, b. 1823.
In 1756 Jean Henri Cambrai, son of Jean Action Antoin Cam-
brai and Jeanne Garniere (Gamiero) came to San Antonio and m. An-
tonia Flores, an Apache Indian. They had legitimate chUdren: Si-

mon, b. 1760, Pedro Jose, Joseph Manuel, and Joseph Joaquin, b. 1766.
ROLEN MINON
I. Pedro Rolen Minon, son of Pedro Rolen Minon and Margarita
Delfine, was a native of Boforte (sic), of the Province of Aldas. They
were ah from the city of Chatle (sic) of the Dominion of the French
king. Pedro Minon stated that he was separated from his country, in
the city of Paris, where he enlisted as a soldier, to go to New Orleans.
Louisiana. After five years in New Orleans, he came to San Antonio,
and then proceeded to the presidio at San Marcos, where he enUsted.
He served in San Saba (1761) until one of his arms was lost by a can-
non shot, and untU both legs were wounded in a struggle with the
enemy. He was pensioned at eight pesos per month, by the Marquis
of Croix; and continued in service in San Antonio (1767). In 1769 he
received a grant from the Spanish Crown.
According to his own statement in the Bexar Archives, 1792, Pe-
dro Minon had two sons, one married and in the presidio; and two
daughters, both married. Three years later he testified, B. A., 1795,
January-June, that he was a native of Bofort, Province of Aldas, where
he was a soldier. He came to New Orleans on a boat caUed La Chinela.
At this time, 1795, he had been in Texas for thirty-four years. He had
served in the Presidio of San Marcos. By his first marriage he had two
sons and three daughters. One son was a soldier at Bexar. By his 2nd
wife, he had no posterity. He had only one lot and a jacal, which he
was permitted to use, through the authority of the Ayuntamiento, not
possessing any deed to the property.
Pedro Rolen Minon m. in San Antonio, 1756, Maria Antonia Mus-
quiz (Francisco and Dominga Sanchez-Navarro); Andres Ramon was
a witness at this ceremony; Luis Antonio Menchaca and his wife, Ig-
nacia Nunez, were godparents. He m. 2nd, Manuela Salinas.
Following the 1795 declaration of Pedro Rolen Minon, was one by
Ildefonso Reyes, who stated that he was from Tablisman, Islas Negras,
Louisiana, having been brought to Texas by Juan Bosquet. He m. Ma-
ria de los Angeles, by whom he had five children, all deceased. He d.
at San Fernando, April 6, 1795.—B. A. 1795, Oficio 289.
Then followed Mauricio Demoy, b. near MobUe; taken by his pa-
rents to New Orleans. He m. Maria del Refugio de la Garza.—Ibid., p. 8.
Antonio Gonzalez, b. at ViUanueva de los Infantes, Spain, in the
jurisdiction of the Archbishopric of Toledo; proceeded to Bordeaux,
where he enlisted, via Grumete, Barcelona; continuing to Louisiana; he
spent six months in MobUe and three years in the Islas Negras; one
year at the post of Ca, and two years in Tablisman.—Ibid., p. 9.
Francisco Peres, who was found in Monclova, March 4, 1795, with-
out papers of identity, said that he was a native of San Sebastian in
the Province of Guispcoa (sic). Govemor Munoz reported March 30,
that he was the son of a Frenchman, and that he was bom at Cados;
FRENCH 257
and t h a t his father sent him to Bordeaux, and then to Louisiana;

from whence he came to Texas with a Frenchman named Alexandre
Dupont. He was a barber.—B. A. 1795, January-June.
In the early days, there was also the carpenter, Jean Jupier, from
a French island, caUed Isla del Rey de los Reynos de Francia. His wife
Marie Mini, was of the same island. They had no children. Their
adopted heirs were Pedro Granado and Lorenzo Flores. In his wiU
dated AprU 3, 1783, J u a n Jupier stated t h a t in his native isle he had
h a d a stone house, but that he married and left there to make a for-
tune.
Pedro Josef Lambremon, native of New Orleans, came to San An-
tonio in search of fortune. He was a taUor. In 1792 he formally de-
clared t h a t he had been married for six years and that he had a
daughter four years old—B. A. 5-12-1792.
Juan M. Damouri, b. in MobUe, came to San Antonio to collect a
debt owed him by Alexandre Dupont, t h e Frenchman. He presented
himself in Mexico with a passport for himself and three servants, from
San Antonio, July 23, 1789. Revilla Gigedo requested data regarding
Dupont (Mexico, December 30, 1789), who had passed through Nuevo
Leon, and who was benefitting from the mines of Real SaltiUo—B. A.,
12-5-1792. Dupont presented Revilla Gigedo with an account of his ex-
periences among the friendly nations of the north, recommending that
t h e Spaniards establish a presidio a t the Rancheria of the Faogache
(Taobayas?) on the Colorado River.—B. A., 1789. As Juan M. Damouri
h a d not been successful in coUecting the debt, he wished to reside in
San Antonio with his wife and one daughter, but with the intention
of rejoining his company after coUecting the money in question. B. A.,
5-13-1792.
COURBIERE
N D R E S Benito Coubiere, formaUy declared himself
on March 7, 1795.—B. A., 1795, July-December. He
was b. in Leon, France. His father was Juan Bau-
tista Courbiere, and his mother, Juana Francisca
Martinez. He had spent 4 or 5 years in Guarico,
navigating on French boats at that island, and
New London of the Americas; his captain was n a m -
ed Faribo. From Guarico he sailed on a boat of Mr.
Pupet, and landing with the crew, proceeded to
New Orleans, where he remamed about three years,
as jomalero (day-laborer) on merchant boats to and from Nachitos.
He eventually remamed in Nachitos, where he had good relations, owing
t o a letter from Matheo de Bos to Gaspar Piol, a merchant there. Fiol
was a member of a trading company, along with Juan Bosquet and
Agustin Duchesne. They traded with the Tahuacanes and Tancahues
Indians. Courbiere leamed this busmess. He remamed with this com-
pany for five years, for the most time serving J u a n Bosquet, in keep-
ing his accounts an detaUed records of his commercial affairs. Their
25S WITH THE MAKERS OF SAN ANTONIO
trade with the Indians consisted principaUy of guns, powder, balls,

textiles, fresadas, and other effects. On one trip returning to Nachi-
tos, Athanasio de Mecieres, requested Courbiere to accompany him to
New Orleans, which offer was accepted. They remamed only a short
time in New Orleans, returning to Nachitos, where Courbiere was
again engaged by Mr. MeteUe. They then accompanied the picket
which was conducted by De Mecieres, acting as interpreter of Indian
languages. In this company, which was weU suppUed with arms and
horses, Courbiere arrived at San Antonio de Bexar, capital of the pro-
J t ' T%e*uA* tft Jiun cfat&u* dcibcma/rUS*-t-fc tJ_^nU /fe / 7 3 J .
4 i e i a e i » n C h ^ y 7 u x a > f c a i t £ j f a c ^ & ^ i 4 x _ \ 1&7uu&u/*Tt*fL'y £~*m?2>mMm~
y t t u n t x , act&el 9*rt* f.,a,'vr'4kct>. skevtncuu *k /at Vt^tt'nOU jXaaimctJet J f a u t t*

ac, C v H t m * tunc- faint. Px^vtoxt- y Attn 6m/bh Je Pa*, a, c*S?J?M_r*Jui ttodeyui*
Afcuh'm* 4t}ii a /av<n
t i'cmtof-* Je /atJJctcumu
t i *
Ca GuayaiZ, XimMan Cmjma.ifife**»et* VM* rmtrns, *£**«*
t/ieuUxco......
TiufSat ,
" [ncMan tan QnO,<h'tcu*ta_. Im. mitm*. <&nm*i

r
Jfatfa3aefun\ '
{JvZci....
Jiaath/che*..
\
Cyocci.
ibt'daut_>.. •
iancaauvz..
CaxamoaAuairK J. JuitttSH lot n/aymme/atn* r if
Cumo/ru/i*.,
• c. tUpaiia*...
\'Xa> f-i'ez */eu t,faei*nm Jc qut./eAeu*t, Mctcxe-nc**.,** £a Aeititma*< a**/<KV<*fe-

ry/m .uu nwmu* at/Ve S&t/hnf*e» /5t*u'&/cx*ti*'_e, *&Jdaife /ti&noulto t*cta.&m
i-*y etti. J*4i*i tk *f*. C*>ft«7**i yVc iianjm*eiitnJmA t *n &*tu fixe*uJC» o. Vx-r
* V t & PafiL^c^catuÛti^tm^t e n e i f l j>&uLqu£'C**&£+ a m J e n t c tomb**
vince of Texas. He remamed here to the present date, 1795, De Me-

cieres having died, and the others having retumd to Nachitos.
In San Antonio Courbiere acted as interpreter with the Indiana
who came to the Quartel, during the entire year of 1780. In 1781 he
accompanied Nicolas Lamathe, commissioned by CabeUo. I n Novem-
FRENCH 259
ber of that year, 1781, he enUsted as a soldier interpreter in the com-

pany of San Antonio, and became a distinguished soldier; and along
with Francisco Xavier Chaves, was considered one of the most re-
liable Interpreters, and best informed regarding Indian affairs, in the
Spanish service; especiaUy was Courbiere weU informed as to the re-
lations with the Nations of the North, who frequented the Presidio of
San Antonio In times of peace.sse
In the Bexar Archives, 1804, reporting that the king at Madrid
had appointed Andres Benites Courbiere as Sargeant at Bexar, we
find a supplementary statement, Courbiere having recaUed, after mak-
ing his formal declaration in 1795, that he had been baptised in St.
Nlsiere, one of the parishes of Leon, and that his godfather was Be-
nito Lebet. He added that he was taken from Leon to MarseUles,
when he was three years of age, where he remained for ten years
with his parents, who died there.
Andres Courbiere m. 1780, Maria FeUciana Duran (Pedro and An-
tonia Cortinas); they had nine chUdren, five of whom were deceased
at the time of Courbiere's declaration in 1795. The witnesses at this
marriage were Francisco Ugues, native of MarseUles, JuUan Ronden,
from the post of Nachitos; and the godparents: Thomas flores, from
CoahuUa, and Teresa Sarracho, of San Antonio. Don Pedro Fuentes
officiated. Andres Benites and Maria FeUciana had:
1 Jose Vicente, b. 1781. 2 Jose Antonio Noverto, b. 1809.
2 Maria Aleja. b. ' 7 8 2 ; m. Manuel Xi- 3 Jose Matias, b, 1816; q. a.
menas; he d. 1745. aged 6 5 : S. P . 4 Jose Fernando Estanislai. b 1819.
3 Antonia. b. 1786; m. 1806. Manuel Ig- JU. JQS£ MatiaS (3), m . JCSUSa d e
nacio Rodriguez (Prudencio and Polo- , _ * *~*~~» •*«-•
nia curbelo). Ia Garza:
4 Juan Andres Mariano, b. 1784; q. 8. \
Fernando b 1842
5 Maria A n t o n * Margila. b. 1788. 2
Catarina.' b.* 1843;* probably d. y.
S £**. * £ ? * * b - i 7 9 ? ^ . 3
Catarina. b. 1845.
7 Mana Tomas*, b. 1793. 4
Pelfciaiuu b 1847
8 Maria Erlinda. b. 1801; m. Jose Maria 5 Clemente. b . 1864.
Cardenas, b. 1796, son of Jose Man a £ j ^ Mating
in military service, and Josefa Fcen- „ , __ -',„,,« ........ -*..-
tes. of saitiiio: HI. Fernando (4), b. 1819; m. 1849,
'« "SSL. I S S S S i T S f r t K ^ g e l a Chacon:
tin Delgado. 1 Jose Antonio, b. 1852.
iii Eugenio de Jesus, b. 18*26. 2 Fernando Simon, b. 1855.
iv Adrian©, b. 1828. 3 Maria de Ios Angeles, b. 1867.
v Maria Josefa. b. 1832. 4 Juan Manuel, b. 1860.
9 Maria Josefa. q. s. 5 Matias. b. 1862.
n Maria Josefa
H. Juan Andres (4), m. 1st, Cata- - <9>> m - lst » *&'
tonio
rina Flores (Jose and Josefa Men- Peres; he d. April 8, 1848;
s h e m 2nd
chaca); m. 2nd, Juana de la Gar- - > Manuel Flores; she d.
J u n e 18 1854
za, by whom: Miguela, b. ca 1828, > » by t h e l s t m - :
m. 1842, Simon Peres Casanova. By HI. Antonio, m. Josefa de la Gar-
the 1st m.: za Falcon; they had:
1 Francisca Vicenta, m. 1st, Toribio Gor- 1 Rafaela.
t a r i ; m. 2nd, 1833, Calistro Lopez, of 2 Juana. m. a Menchaca, S. P .
Santa Rosa, Mexico. According to the 3 Ignacio.
Sp. Ar„ A-2, 149, Vicenta Courbiere 4 Antonio R., m. Tomasa Teresa Caf-
m. Rafael Herrera. siano (see).
356 "B. A." 5-12-1792, "Noticia;" San Fernando baptismal records, 1793-1812. No. 40, . . .
settling in Natchitoches, where he enlisted in the militia; and "Borrador," 1799-1801, Oct. 80,
1799, No. 36: "Owing to the lack of men capable of service in San Antonio, the distinguished
soldier, Don Andres Benito Courbiere was transferred from the company of La Bahia to the
presidio of San Antonio."
IV. Rafaela (1), m. Cleofas Xime- Albert Robi, m. Juana Gertrudis

nes: del Rio; their daughter Maria
1 Maria, m. Frank Lightfoot: S. P . Francisca was b. 1770.
2 Cleofas, Jr., m. Delfina Garza: 6 ch.
Captain Alphonso Cardenas and Francisco Yons, from MarseUles,
his wife Josefa Ponce were on rec- was the son of Pedro and Fran-
ord in San Antonio as early as cisca Bernarda; he m. 1st, Juana
1720. Alonso de Cardenas, Lieut- Fehcita VUlafranca. As early as
enant, was here in 1721. 1726 Diego VUlafranca m. Juana
For the Courbiere heirs, see Guerra (Miguel and Josefa Lon-
Spanish Archives, A-2, p. 149, goria). Francisco Yons m. 2nd,
1780, Maria Josefa Peres (Christo-
1839 and B-2, p. 320, 1844. Pehcia val and Josefa de Luna).
na Duran d. at Monclova. Juan Foutan, m. Concepcion de
£ $ # *
Avila (Jose Antonio and Juana
Other French families in San Joaquina Trevino); their daughter
Antonio were: Maria Francisca was b. 1811.
LA BAUME
I. Joseph de La Baume, accord- female succession, his son Joseph
ing to his last wiU and testament, was to succeed him. His wUl is
was the oldest son of Joseph PhUip dated Bexar, April 4, 1834 (B-red,
Comte de La Baume, and Mary pp. 325-326). The deed of Feb. 17,
Isabel Dalton, of the countship of 1808, is in the Sp. Ar., J-l, p. 8.
La Baume, Province of Avignon, Joseph de La Baume received a
France; and came originaUy, from pension from the United States
Montpelher. His homestead, known Government for services rendered
in San Antonio as "La Baume as captam in the "glorious strug-
Place," was a double stone house, gle for Independence from Great
on land located on the S side of Britain." He d. at the advanced age
the Alameda (E. Commerce St.) at of 103 years.
Alamo (approximately at present Joseph de La Baume m. 1st, Ana
St. Joseph's) St. This location was Maria Kentree, of the district of
called "Cotton Wood Grove." The Ouhachita, Louisiana: S. P.; and
La Baume property, extending E m. 2nd, Louise Cuturie, in Nacog-
to the ditch, and bounded S by doches, "Department of Bexar,
land of Antonio Martmez, was Texas," by whom he had:
acquired by purchase from Maria 1 Victorine, q. s.
Rosa Marques, Feb. 17, 1808; and 2 Joseph.
3 Gertrude.
from PhUip Henry Neri, "Baron de 4 Sancir Pierre.
Bastrop," with the approval of II. Victorine (1), mherited a fifth
Joaquin de Arredondo, in conform- part of the American estate of the
ity with the law of December 21, "Baron de Bastrop," in just retri-
1821. Joseph de La Baume be- bution for the services rendered
queathed his rights of inheritance him by her father; she m. Alex-
to the countship and properties in ander Vidal, a native Frenchman
France, to his daughter Victoria- who had come to Texas from
na, with the understanding that Louisiana; they had:
should the laws of Prance prevent 1 Alexander, q. 8.
FRENCH 261
m . Alexander (1), m. Alexandria Perrot, of Picardy, Prance. Gus-

TrapneU, May 24, 1854; and they tave Toudouze, a naturahst, tax-
had seven chUdren, of whom: idermist and musician, settled near
1 Tomas Adolfo, q. s. Carmen, "close to the Losoya cross-
IV. Tomas (1), b. March 7, 1855; ing of the Medina," says Barnes.
m. Antonia Delgado (Salomon and In San Antonio he was associated
Dolores Ruiz; Solomon, son of Jo- with H. P. Attwater, of Canada.
se Maria and Juana Curbelo; and The Toudouze Museum on the sec-
Dolores, dau. of Bernardino, son of ond floor of the Grenet Building,
Salvador Ruiz and Ignacia Roblo, comprised an interesting coUection
and Maria del Carmen Gongora, of animals and fauna. A represen-
dau. of Joaquin and JuUana Her- tation at the New Orleans Agricul-
nandez) : tural Exhibition, 1883, won high
1 Adolfo, q. s.
2 Cedela, m. Carlos Cervantes. honors. The Free Press of Novem-
3 Victor, b. June 20, 1882, m. Dolores
Guerra: 2 daughters. ber 28, and December 19, 1879, and
4 Clemente, m . : P.
5 Sofia, m. Antonio Valdes.
the Express of July 13, 1884, con-
V. Adolfo (1), m. JuUana Casano- tain articles regarding the Tou-
va (Melquiades and Trinidad Ca- douze Museum collection. Mr. Tou-
sias) : douze sold the museum in 1895.
1 Eugenio, m. Hilaria Gonzales: Mr. Attwater went to Houston in
i Julia, 1900.
ii Virginia,
iii Eugene Anthony. Gustave Toudouze, b. 1819, d.
May 10, 1902; and Josephine Per-
LECOMTE rot, had 7 ch.: Henri, d. y.; WU-
L Angel Serafin Lecomte m. Geno- fred was father of 6 ch., of whom
veva Florentina de Watine (she d. Frank, father of 3 daughters; Leon
1849); the famUy was known as was father of 7 ch., of whom Gus-
Lecomte Watine. This gentleman tave, father of 3 ch, ind., Gus-
Uved "in a smaU structure near tave, Jr.; Octavie was the wife of
the river where Mitchell Street is Leon Lecomte; Francois was the
now." He was mysteriously mur- father of Gustave (father of 5 ch.)
dered. "Before he died," continued and EmUe, (father of 4 ch.); Emile*
Barnes, p. 243, "he managed to b. 1862, d. 1923, m. Mary Vaque",
crawl to the Mission Concepcion and was the father of 9 ch., of
where he was cared for until he whom Auguste Charles, b. July 1,
succumbed. This was near where 1881, m. July 3, 1913, DeUa Maas
Mrs. Sarah Gibson was robbed and (W. J. and Elizabeth Lewis, of
thrown in the river where she was Bandera County), parents of Leo
left for dead but escaped alive." Milton, b. 1914, Mary Louise, Char-
Angel Serafin and Genoveva Flo- les, and LiUan Marguerite; and
rentina had: Josephine, m.
1 Carlos Felix, d. y. 1845. Leon Lecomte and Octavie Tou-
2 Adele. m. a Bessiere.
3 Lucile, d. y. douze had:
4 Agustin. 1 Charles.
5 Leon, q. s. 2 Louis.
3 Mary.
LT. Leon (5), m. Octavie Toudouze, 4 Florentine, m. Frank Rubio.
5 Emilie, m. a Doring.
daughter of Gustave and Josephine 6 Adele.
262 WITH THE MAKERS or SAM ANTONIO
LEBOVX FRETELUERE
I. Auguste FretelUere, from Mont-
Constant Nicolas Leroux, son of pelier, m. Feb. 7, 1852, Henriette
Nicolas and Marguerite Petinger, Adelaide Gentilz; witnesses at this
was b. Nov. 18, 1825, at Malz6ville, ceremony were Messrs. Guilbeau,
arrondisement of Nancy, Meurthe- Lacoste and Gentilz. The San Fer-
et-Moselle, France; proprietor, ac- nando Church record, No. 701, is
cording to the "Extract" from the in English. Henriette Gentilz was
"Registres des Actes de 1'Etat civil a sister of Theodore Gentilz, the
de la commune de Malzeville," de- artist, who came to Texas with the
posited at the Tribunal of First
Instance of Nancy. He acquired his
first real estate in San Antonio, in ;• ?
SSggSSSS***^::::. ; v : : :
i
August 1859. He m. Marie Jeanne
Michel, and they were the parents
of: Ellse, m. Feb. 3, 1881, by Path.
J. C. Neraz, No. 1364, Timoteo Cas-
taneda (Eduardo and Andrea Or-
tega), of Camargo, Tamaulipas,
aged 25 years, and for three years
in San Antonio, parents of Dr.
Carlos Eduardo Castaneda, Latin-
American Librarian and historian;
Marie, m. 1st, George France, pa-
rents of Mamie, and m. 2nd, Al-
fred Grandjean, parents of Ed-
ward; Ella Louise, m. Auguste Fre-
telliere; and Constant Nicolas, Jr.
Leroux & Cosgrove was at one
time the largest hardware busmess
in San Antonio. Their new three-
story building was completed in
November 1876. "The iron railing
along the edge of the roof is an
innovation and should be copied,"
published the Free Press, Nov. 25,
1876. Nicholas James Cosgrave was
a director of the S. A. Electric TH. GENTILZ
Light Co. In 1881. With A. Giles, J. first Castro settlers in 1844, per-
H. Syme, and W. C. Peters, he in- manently settling in San Antonio
corporated the Alamo Ice & Brew- in about 1846. He returned to Pa-
ing Co., with capital stock of $150,- ris in 1849; m. Marie Fargeix; and
000, in February 1887. The brewing they returned to San Antonio,
capacity was 200 kegs daily. Mr. bringing with them Henriette Gen-
Cosgrave lived in Arciniega St. He tilz. The Gentilz residence and
d. May 1906, aged 70 years, and studio was at 318 North Flores St.
was buried in St. Mary's cemetery. Their early residence, next to the
Nicholas Cosgrove, nat. Cork, Ireland; m.
"Buffalo Camp Yard," was paint-
Julia Barleman; Constance; James (m. ed by Gentilz. Theo. Gentilz' will
Clara Broadbridge: James and Lucile) ; is dated May 8, 1900; by it he be-
and William (m. Lula N a s h : Nicholas).
FRENCH 263
queathed his entire estate to his "Wholesale Grocer and General

nieces, Matilde and Louise Fretel- Commission Merchant, Importer of
Uere. Auguste FretelUere and Hen- Wines, Liquors, and Cigars. Dry
riette Gentilz had: Goods. Boots and Shoes. China,
1 Marie Jeanne Matilde. b. 1853; d.: S. Crockery, Clothing, Glassware and
A. Will dated Sept. 4. 1918, by which
she bequeathed her estate to her sister. Fancy Goods." He imported objects
2 Louise Andree, b. 1857; living in San
Antonio. of art from Rousseau, Olivier &
3 Auguste Em. Honore, b. 1ST,] ; ra. 1st, Cie., and communicated with V.
Corinne Guillotte; and m. 2nd, Ella
Louise Leroux: S. P . By the 1st, m . : Conslderant, in Paris. The invent-
Olan. ory of his stock totalled $77,018.35.
4 Henri Theodore, b. 1864.
See Sp. Ar., Vol. 46, pp. 568-9; and
Probate Records, No. 1269. He was
a member of W n i o n Francaise
Honor6 Grenet m. Magdalena Marie
Coll (she d. Dec. 21, 1864, at Mar-
seilles, France), by whom:
1 Louis Edward, q. s.
2 Francois Auguste, bapt. 1862; m. Flor-
ence Day (New Y o r k ) : Honore, and 2
daughters.
3 Marie, m. James Callaghan (Bryan and
Concepci6n Ramon).
4 Marguerite, m. Peyton G. Bowman,
nephew of Capt. Tobin, from South
Carolina: P .
5 Adale Henriette. bapt. 1860; m. Dr. J.
L. Powell, XJ. S. A., who was in the
Confederate service and was after-
wards appointed to the U. S. A . : Adele.
H. Edward (1), b. Nov. 22, 1856;
studied art with Bouguereau and
Robert Bleury; obtained numerous
medals at London and at provin-
cial expositions in France; exhibit-
ed in the Paris Salon; his portraits
of early San Antonians, and land-
scapes, have historic as well as
artistic value to the local field. See
E. Benezit's Dictionnaire, and the
Yanaguana Soc. "Catalogue of Old
S. A. Paintings," p. 10, for further
ED. GRENET
biographical data. Edward Grenet
GRENET m. 1879, Eugenie Guilbeau (Fran-
cois and Rosaria Ramon), by whom
I. Agustine Honore Grenet, b. at (living near Paris, France):
Monthois, Ardenne, Prance, Sept. 1 Marguerite.
6, 1823; found d. in his bath tub, 2 Rosaria.
3 Constance.
on the morning of Feb. 21, 1882;
leaving an estate valued at over
$337,000; Jos. E. Dwyer, Executor, GUILBEAU
and Geo. H. Kalteyer, Adminis- I. Francois, d. June 8, 1845, aged
trator. His shop was at the site of 70 years and 7 months: m. Mar-
the old convent building of the guerite Louise Mortier. They had:
Alamo, ' later sold to Hugo & 1 Francois, q. B.
Schmeltzer; he advertised as II. Francois (1), b. August 4, 1813,
at Acenis, Brittany. He and his 2 Theodore E-, b. Charleston, S. C.; m.

Catherine:
father came to San Antonio, with i Richard, m . : P . ; lived in Hous-
Mr. Elliot, in 1839. The father d. ton, Texas,
ii James.
In June, 1845. Francois, Jr., was
the French Consular Agent in San TOUTANT BEAUREGARD
Antonio. He m. July 15, 1848, Ro- The Toutant family dates from 1290,
saria Ramon (Rosario and Maria- when Tider, sumamed the Young, headed
a party of Welsh in revolt against Edward
na Leal): I., King of England. Tider was defeated
1 Ana, b. 1849; m. Dr. Nozeras, of Mont- and sought refuge in France, where he
pilier, France. was welcomed at the court of Philip rV.
2 Adele, bapt. 1860; m. Bryan Callaghan He married there. Mile de Lafayette, maid
(Bryan and Concepcion Ramon). of honor to Madame Marguerite, sister of
3 Francois, b. June 29, 1851; d. March the king. For political reasons the king
17, 1914; his godparents at baptism of England married a French princess;
were Albert Huth and Francisca Ro- accompanying her to England were Tider
driguez. He m. December 18, 1879, Ca- and his wife. Their eldest son. Marc, re-
tarina Callaghan (Bryan and' Maria turned to France for possession of his
Concepcion Ramon), b. 1848, d. Sep- father's estates, obtaining part of them,
tember 5, 1924; they h a d : in Saintonge. To please the royal will of
i Anita, m.: 2 daughters and 1 son. England, Tider changed his name, for •"
4 Rosaria, b. 1853. was still odious to the king, to "Toutank."
5 Eugenie, m. December 18, 1379, Ed. Gradually the " k " was substituted by 't".
Grenet (Augustine Honore and Mag- Toward the close of the 16th century, the
dalena Marie Coll). This was a double last male descendant died leaving an only
marriage (see Francois, 3, above) ; the daughter. This heiress married Sieur Pai
witnesses were: the Count of Eeroman, de Beauregard; their family taking the
Edward Guilbeau, Mary Lacoste, and double name, Toutant Beauregard.
Maria del Rosario Guilbeau. Jacques was the first to come to Louis-
iana from France. He was commander of
GIRAUD a flotilla, during the reign of Louis XIV
Francois Giraud, born in Bor- He brought over supplies to the colony,
and returned to France with lumber. His
deaux, France, October 7, 1786, died services were so appreciated that he was
decorated with the Cross of Saint Louis.
in San Antonio, May 19, 1855. He He finally settled in Louisiana, where he
married Adele, of Bordeaux. They married Victoire Ducros, daughter of a
respected planter of St. Bernard parish,
came to San Antonio in about 1847, near New Orleans.
from Charleston, S. C. They had Jacques Toutant Beauregard and Helene
de Reggio (m. 1808), were the parents
two sons: Augustin, q. s. and Pierre Gustave, gen-
1 Francois P., b. Charleston, S. C , June eral of Confederate fame; who m. 1st,
1, 1818; d. San Antonio, May 8, 1877; Laure Villre; and 2nd, Caroline des Londe.
m. Maria Apolinaria Trevino, wid. of By the 1st m . : Rene, m. Alice Cenas, pa-
Anthony Lockmar; she was b. in San rents of daughters and a son, Gustave
Antonio, site of Milam Bldg., Aug. 13. Pierre; Henri, m. Nettie Harny, daughter
1819 and d. Sept. 19, 1885. Francois of General H a r n y : S. P . ; and Laure, zn.
P . received his early education a t Em- Charles Larendon, parents of Laure.
mittsburg (Mount St. Mary), Md.,
where he was also a teacher; and later I. Augustin Toutant de Beauregard,
studied in Paris, France. He was a suffering from poor health in
civil engineer and architect. He built
olt St. Mary's Church and St. Mary's
College; and then Ursuline Convent.
Louisiana, came to Texas in 1853.
He furnished plans and specifications He married Adele de Reggio, of
for the reconstruction of San Fernan- the same family as his mother.
do Church, but it appears they were
lost and never used. He was City En- Francois Marie, Chevalier de Reg-
gineer, 1849-1853; made the survey
to establish the boundaries of San gio, a younger, son was akin to
Antonio. On Nov. 8, 1852, he pleaded
with the City Council to reserve to
the reigning duke, and a descend-
the City, the property a t the head of of the dukes of Reggio and Modena,
the river, for an Arsenal, or Public
Utility, or male college, but it was and consequently, a scion of the
transferred to Alderman Sweet; and
finally to the Brackenridge. In 1872
house of Este. He accompanied the
he furnished maps and plans for the duke of Richelieu to the siege of
Alazan and San Pedro Creeks; also Bergen-op-Zoom, so distinguishing
surveyed the laterals of these creeks
for irrigation. In 1848 he surveyed and himself that he was given a cap-
established the boundaries for the mis-
sions. He was Mayor under Charter taincy in the French army by Louis
Election from Nov. 13, 1872, to 1875. XV, and shortly afterward sent to
FRENCH 265
Louisiana. He married one of the grade, 1911; instructor i n modem

Fleuriau family; their son Louis languages; aide on New York dur-
Emmanuel m. Louise Judith Olivier ing occupation of Vera Cruz;
de Vezin; their daughter Helene Lieut., 1914; temp. Lt. Commander,
Judith was the wife of Jacques 1917; Bureau of Nav., 1918-19; temp.
Toutant Beauregard (parents of Commander, 1918; Lt. Commander,
Augustin). The account of this 1920-21, nav. of new Tennessee;
family is taken from family rec- Commander, 1922; mem. of Naval
ords and from Alfred Roman, Gen- Mission to Brazil, 1923-26; Nav.
eral Beauregard. and Executive Officer, 2nd in com-
mand, of Texas; head of Dept. of
By a decree of Court, Bexar Modem Languages at Nav. Acade-
County, Texas, February 25, 1867, my, 1929-31; Chief of Staff to
the family name was abbreviated Commander-in-Chief, on Pennsyl-
to Beauregard. vania; promoted Capt., 1932; in
Agustin and Adele had: Command of Altair, at San Diego,
1 Alcee, S. A . 1933-34; Nav. Intelligence, 1934;
2 Richard, q. s.
3 Leo, S. A- Naval Attache, Am. Embassies,
4 Amelie, t e a c h e r of t h e F r e n c h l a n g u a g e ;
d.. S. A . Paris and Madrid, 1934-36; Nav.
5 Estelle. m. 1st, A b a t ; a n d a f t e r h i s d., War College, Newport, R. I., 1936-
m . 2nd, Louis D u v a l .
37; decorations: Mex. Campaign
II. Richard (2), a major in the Medal, Victory Medal with bronze
Confederate army; m. Aglae Phil- and silver stars; Legion of Honor;
lips, of northem Louisiana; they and Order of Abdon Calderon of
had: . T'HI Ecuador; served on temp, duty as
1 A u g u s t i n , q. s. aide during Latin-American visits.
2 Richard, m . Elizabeth Robuck, of
K a r n e s County, T e x a s . He m. Elizabeth Henry Munford,
IH. Augustin Toutant, b. Dec. 1, of Clarksville, Tenn., granddau. of
1885, Alamo St., site of Dietzel's Micajah H. Clark, last acting
Bakery; grad. Main Ave. High Sen., Treasurer of the Confederacy and
Feb. 1903; entered Naval Academy, Sec'y of Jefferson Davis. Their
Annapolis, as Midshipman, June dau. Elizabeth m. Porter P. Bedell,
24, 1903; grad. Sept. 12, 1906, on Ensign, U. S. N., parents of Joan
Tennessee; ensign, 1908; Lt., Jr. Elizabeth.
MARUCHEAU
w a s m a d e a p r i s o n e r a n d confined o n board
a B r i t i s h g u n b o a t . I n t h e w a t e r s of t h e
CCORDING t o family W e s t Indies p a r o l w a s n o t considered n e -
tradition, an ancestor cessary, o w i n g t o t h e a b u n d a n c e of m a n -
participated in the e a t i n g s h a r k s , which would a s s u r e thos e
Crusades; and Pier- a b o a r d , r e m a i n i n g t h e r e . P i e r r e de M a r u -
r e de M a r u c h e a u (son cheau, however, w i t h knife in mouth,
of P i e r r e ) , w a s a de- braved t h e m i g h t y deep a n d s h a r k s a s
scendant of t h e Vi- well, l a n d i n g a t St. L u c i a , t h e n a F r e n c h
.-omtes de Marseilles island. H e worked his w a y into t h e s u g a r
(of a n c i e n t a n d r o - i n d u s t r y , becoming v e r y successful.
y a l lineagre). P i e r r e ,
b o r n in F r a n c e Iin T h e f i r s t person seen by P i e r r e on t h e
a b o u t 1755, accom- island w a s a negro, w h o conducted him
panied t h e expedition unde r A d m i r a l De t o a F r e n c h family, t h e A q u a r d . H e m a r -
Grasse, who afte r t h e defeat of t h e B r i t - ried C h a r l o t t e A q u a r d ; t h e y h a d : C h a r l o t -
ish a t Yorktown, w a s ordered t o t h e West te, d, y , ; P e t e r , Raymond , Clermont, A n -
Indies to protec t commerce a n d F r e n c h t h o n y a n d J u l e s ; all educated in E u r o p e.
interests t h e r e . H e w a s followed by t h e I. Peter, b. 1800, m. 1830, Felicite
British, a n d defeated off Dominica, n e a r
St. Lucia, in 1781. P i e r r e de M a r u c h e a u Geoffrion, well connected in Bor-
266 W I T H T H E MAKERS or SAN ANTONIO
deaux; she m. 2nd, Clermont Ma- 4 Daisy, m. Chris W. Buhler:

rucheau. Peter and Felicite had: i Constance, m. James Ryan, of
Plattsburg, N. Y,, by whom:
1 Felicite, d. y. Patricia, and James,
2 Peter. ii Evelyn, m. Tom Edwards,
3 Eugene, m. Elizabeth Grimshaw, widow iii Christine.
of Zachary Hanna; she was native of
Louisiana, living in Columbus, Texas; Peter, son of Pierre and Char-
she was the aunt of Mrs. Solon Stewart
(nee Grimshaw). Zachary Hanna was lotte Aquard, b. 1834, d. while at-
a brother of the mother of Mrs. George
and Mrs. Ike West, nee Searcy. tending school in France, in 1848.
4 Charles, q. s.
Clermont m. Felicite, his broth-
H. Charles (4), m. Margarita Cas- er's widow: Caroline, Josephine,
tanola (Miguel and Marguerite Eugenie (a nun at the Ursuline
Coll). Miguel Castanola, b. J a n - Convent), and Emelie.
uary 17, 1817 in Mahon, Balearic
Islands, Spain, friend of the Quin- Eugenie, b. 1836, had commercial
tana family, m. Marguerite Coll, experience in Castries, under his
sister of Mrs. Grenet; they had step-father. He and Charles em-
Antonio, b. 1853; came to San An- igrated to America and landed at
tonio in 1855, m. Feb. 14, 1883, Ma- New Orleans in 1860. They had an
rie Fleury (Nicolas and Carolina aunt there, Mme. Girard, nee
Mueller), parents of Antonio, Jr. Aquard. An old friend, Alfred
who m. one of the Damm family; Whitake, who had been in Castries,
and other children. Charles and invited them to come to Texas;
Margarita had: they proceeded to Houston, and
1 Albert Charles, m. Annie Park Carrier, following Whitaker's advice, con-
of Pittsburg, Pa., niece of Charles P. tinued to Columbus, to open a gen-
Smith.
i Edwin Charles, m. Harriet Grigg, eral merchandise shop of their
by whom: Harriet,
ii Marguerite, m. J . Croswell Hall, own. I n December, 1860, they com-
by whom: Margery Ann, and menced business under the name
Croswell, J r .
iii Albert S., m. Diana Dickinson, of "Marucheau Brothers." After
by whom: Albert.
2 Constance, m. Joseph Dwyer. the outbreak of the Civil War, the
3 Henry Anthony, m. Nathalie Rogers ports were closed, and in 1862 a
Gould, daughter of Stephen Gould, who
came to San Antonio in 1874, Scottish cotton business sprang up with
Rite Mason. Sec'y. of the Board of
Trade in 1879; author of the San An- Mexico, which resulted favorably
tonio "Guide," and Mary Long, of for Columbus. The following year,
iieorgia, Stephen Gould's sister, Emily
m. Robert J. Onderdonk, the artist, however, the business shifted to
came to San Antonio with her pa-
rents, Nathan Gould and Emily Rogers, San Antonio, and t h e Marucheau
on Christmas Eve, 1876. Nathan Gould brothers, Eugene and Charles, re-
was son of Isaac, son of James and
Hanna Wanton, daughter of Stephen moved to San Antonio, in 1863,
Wanton and Mary Maury Clark, daugh-
ter of Samuel Clark of Canonicut. where they established themselves
Stephen Wanton was son of Michael, as E. Marucheau & Co. and
son of Edward, in Boston before 1658 ;
Stephen inherited the paternal estate later as "E. & C. Marucheau."
in Scituate, sold it to John Stetson
1740, and moved to Newport, R. I. v/ith general merchandise, as well
Henry and Nathalie had: as cotton. This firm continued un-
i Valerie Gould,
ii Eugenie Nathalie, til 1882. These data are from the
iii Henry Anthony, J r . Charles Marucheau Diary, Ms.
iv Susanne.
THIS IS THE END OF SECTION ONE

OR THE GENEALOGIES OF THE
LATINS OF SAN ANTONIO
yyyy*Yv*v*'fVY¥'VW¥'VV,f'*?¥,¥
PART II
Anglo-Americans
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4 *7M5i regard to the purity of descent preserves the harmony of public
and private life; but the mixture of foreign blood is the fruitful
source of disorder and discord.—Gibbon.
M E R I C A N H I S T O R Y , by Marcius Wil-
son, published in New York in 1847 says:
"The plundering habits of the roving Co-
manches, and other tribes on the northern
frontier, limited the range of missions in
that direction; and the policy of Spain,
aiming at interposing between her more
populous Mexican provinces and the repub-
lican states of the north, a wilderness bar-
rier, studiously guarded against the intro-
duction of emigrants in numbers sufficient
to reclaim the country from the native In-
dian. So jealous of foreign influence were
the Spanish authorities, that it was made a capital crime for a for-
eigner to enter the Spanish provinces without a license from the king
of Spain; and such was their dread of the Anglo-American in parti-

cular, that it was a favorite saying of a captain-general of one of the
eastern Mexican provinces, that, if. he had the power, he would pre-
vent the birds from flying across the boundary line between Texas
and the United States."
In strong contrast to the Spanish missionary and political scheme
of colonization was the French encouragement of trade. WMle Saint
Denis was attempting to build up trade with Mexico, he was at the
same time, learning the condition of Texas. The map which he pro-
duced of the province was so accurate, indeed, that it astonished Span-
ish officials. The French, however, were not without competition in
this field of action.
In 1768 there was definite information regarding the purchase of
goods by Indians from Englishmen who had penetrated as far west
as the Texas border. In the following year, 1769, four Englishmen were
found residing in Natchitoches. Then, in August, 1771, four English-
men and two negroes were picked up on the coast and taken to La
Bahia. They had been shipwrecked, it seems, near the mouth of the
Nueces, August 23, 1771, according to the Bexar Archives, and found
themselves on the coast of Texas.357 The crew and the cargo of The
Two Friends were ordered delivered to Menchaca in San Antonio. Two
of the crew, Neill McMillan and Arch. McKenzie, it was reported, were
pleased with the kind treatment received from Francisco Thovar.
Shortly thereafter, however, Joseph Dickson and James Sherman, mer-
chants of the English wreck, complained, in San Antonio, of the un-
just treatment received from Thovar.358
Ripperda was instructed by the Marquis of Croix, March 27, 1771,
Nacogdoches Archives, to exercise particular vigilance, in view of the
designs of the English in Florida agamst the Spanish colonies.
The following year, the party of stranded Englishmen proceeded
oveiland to Natchitoches, driving 133 head of cattle and more than 40
horses which they had "purchased in San Antonio with three pipes
of rum and three barrels of sugar." It is understood that this trade
was authorized by the officials in San Antonio.
During this year, 1772, it was leamed that English fire arms and
ammunition were in use on Red River. Two years later, 1774, it was
reported that John Hamilton and others "continued" to make jour-
neys to the mouth of the Trinity to buy horses and mules, which the
Indians had stolen from the Spaniards. At the same time there was
an agent of English merchants conducting similar trades among the
tribes of the Neches River. About this time also, a group of English-
men had remained long enough to plant a crop.
By 1777 English traders "had introduced themselves by way of
the Mississippi as far as and beyond Red river, as well as along the
coast. By offering to the natives a trade more profitable than that
S57 "Prov. Int.". Vol. 100, 324.
358 Ibid., 212; B. A., Index, Oct. 24, 1771, statement of amount of liquor to be used by
t r e crew; and March 7, 1772.
ANGLO-AMERICANS 269
enjoyed at Natchitoches, the English were rapidly gaining the good

will of the Indians and endangering the safety of the entire province.
Ripperda, having heard of this, ordered forty or more members of the
Bidais nations to come to San Antonio, using as a pretext the elec-
tion of a new chief to replace the old who died at this time. While in
San Antonio the governor entertained them lavishly and then wamed
them agamst permitting the English to land on the coast. He in-
structed them to give notice to the high justice of Bucareli. Gil Ibar-
bo, who was also the commander of. a company of organized militia-
men, the moment they saw any ships on the coast." The most recent
attempt of the Enghsh to penetrate the province of Texas was made
in 1777, during the month of July, "but because of their ignorance of
the coast line, they left their ship stranded on the coast. The traders
from Lousiana, who resided among the nations, gave an exact account
of the affair to Gil Ibarbo, captain of militia at Bucareli, who imme-
diately set out with as many settlers as he was able to make ready to
find the English. But, in spite of all the haste he could make, he
found only the recently stranded vessel at the mouth of the Neches
river, which could still be seen in January, 1778, and a few huts on the
banks of the stream. He learned that the cargo consisted only of
bricks, provisions, and some articles of trade, seemingly mtended to
establish a settlement; that the English had unloaded the stranded
vessel; and that, after putting most of its cargo on the other vessels,
they had sailed away, giving to the Indians of Orcoquisac some suits
of excellent cloth and several bolts of fine goods before leaving with
a promise to retum soon to visit them. Gil Ibarbo took this oppor-
tunity to examine the mouths of several of the rivers in the neigh-
borhood, among these the Trinity and the Brazos. He found an Eng-
lishman [named Miller] who declared he had been shipwrecked in
another vessel. After making him secure, he sent him to the gover-
nor.*^
During the American Revolution, Texas was apparently safe from
Enghsh danger, and rested quietly. But with the treaty of peace of
1783, by which the United States claimed all territory east of the Mis-
sissippi, "a door was opened to the egress of the people of the Union,"
Yoakum says. By 1785 an illicit trade had sprung up between San
Antonio and Natchez, which was carried on by Philip Nolan, who, it
was reported, was a relative of Don Hugo Oconor. On December 21,
1794, Nolan appeared in San Antonio, and presented his passport to
Governor Munoz, who befriended him. He went on to La Bahia where
he delivered some hides and then returned to Nacogdoches.36o
Nolan wished to retum to San Antonio in July, 1797, and for
that purpose obtained a passport from the govemor of Louisiana, grv-
359 Castaneda, "Morfi's Hist, of Tex.," 426, 428. See Bolton "De Mezieres," and
"Tex. in the Middle 18th Century."
360 B. A., Munoz to Pedro de Nava, June 6, 1794; "Quaderno," 1-4-1794; 6-25-1794;
"Oficio," i71, 'Quad." 4, 1794; De Nava acknowledged receipt of Nolan's passport sent him
under "oficio' No. 247, December 27, 1794, from Chihuahua, January 27, 1795. And B. A.,
"Reservada," Chris. Cordoba to Munoz; and Munoz to the Lieut. Gov. of Nacogdoches, 1794;
and Muiioz to Carondelet, January 18, 1795.
Ing as the reason for his joumey, the purchase of horses for a
Louisiana regiment. He proceeded to San Antonio, where with spe-
cial permission of the Commandante General De Nava, of Chihuahua,
he purchased about 1,300 horses which he took to Louisiana, pastur-
ing them for a while, en route, on the Trinity River. But matters
became complicated, for the new govemor of Louisiana favored the
arrest of all foreigners entering the Spanish dominions. He had spe-
cific information conceming Nolan and advised that he was "a dang-
erous man and a sacriligious hypocrite who had deceived the previous
govemor to get a passport," and that he had been sent by Wilkinson
to make maps and to influence the Indians agamst the Spaniards.
Nolan was of the opinion that Vidal was responsible for his plans be-
ing made known to the Spanish authorities; though it was Richards
who informed Vidal of further details of Nolan's proposed expedi-
t i o n ^ ! Accordingly, in August, 1800, orders were given by De Nava
for the arrest of Nolan should he retum to the province.
In October, under pretext of huntmg wild horses, Nolan entered
Texas again with some 30 or 40 men. Again fortune was against him.
One of his men deserted, and informed the Spaniards, in December,
that Nolan was planning to build a fort near the settlements of the
Caddo Indians, from whence to explore the country. The expedition
was well known in Natchez before its departure, and the Spanish
consul, Vidal, had complained to the govemor asking that the
company be detained; the United States authorities, however,
remaining indifferent to his request. In March, 1801, the expedition
was overtaken near the present city of Waco, by 100 men who had
been sent out from Nacogdoches to find them. Nolan was killed and
three of his men were wounded. The band were captured, but three
of them managed to escape shortly thereafter. Nolan's companions
were imprisoned on the 21st of March, 1801. The Americans, with the
exception of the ex-lieutenant among them, numbering thirteen were
imprisoned in the Cuerpo de Guardia in Nacogdoches; they were al-
lowed one and one-half reales per day for subsistence expenses.
Three of the Anglo-Americans and one negro, of the two captured,
escaped from Nacogdoches, (June 14, 1801). Pablo Lafitte smuggled a
file into the Guard House to the prisoners, and was subsequently
placed under arrest. His family relations, and his personal influence
with the Indians, however, worried the Spanish officials, who were
very careful with him.
The governor promised to send the ears of the deceased Nolan to
the Comandante; the Irishman, WiUiam Barr, being recommended to
the king for his services in this connection (March 30, 1801).
Santiago Fynn and his wife, Protestants, who had cooperated
with the Anglo-Americans in Nacogdoches, were held under suspicion
(October 1, 1800). Orders were issued for the arrest of an American
by the name of Henderson, expected at the Rancho de los Aes; and
for the arrest of Antonio Leal and his wife, Gertrudis de los Santos,
361 "Historia." Vol. 413, 209-212, December 13, 1800.

y/nvteryvt?. ^/iuyceiy'rye'y?et(>y
ANGLO-AMERICANS 271
who were accused of being in Nolan's confidence. A Frenchman,

Pierre, was also held under suspicion in Nacogdoches (November 30,
1800). Joseph Cook, who escaped arrest, was finally brought in on
January 13, 1801. He had been in communication with a Frenchman,
Pedro Longueville, who, however, seemed interested only in business
relations (February 4, 1801).
The prisoners, when surrendering, expected to be sent home from
Nacogdoches, "but on the contrary they were marched to Mexico."
They were escorted to San Antonio under Captain Bernardo Dortolan.
They arrived at the capital on August 10, 1801. David Fero, who had
been a lieutenant in the American Regiment, No. 3, and who had es-
caped, had been recaptured in Nacogdoches. The Americans were
imprisoned in the Casas Reales or Municipal Hall on Main Plaza. The
Spaniards (seven of them, and one Louisiana Creole) were imprisoned
in the Carzel of the old barracks on Military Plaza. They were Lu-
ciano Garcia, and Reyner, both married in Nacogdoches; Vicente Lara,
San Antonio; Jose Sanchez and Joseph Berban, La Bahia; Ignacio
Fojas; and one unknown.362
As soon as the rivers lowered, the prisoners were sent out (Novem-
ber 3, 1801), under Lieutenant Francisco Amangual with an escort of
50 men of the Coahuila troop, on their way to Saltillo. After the
complications and delays of Mexican justice, it was fmally decided
that the execution of one of them would prove satisfactory. "The lot
fell on Ephraim Blackburn, a Quaker, but who was converted and
baptized a Catholic before he died," says Garrison. "He was hanged
at Chihuahua, November 11, 1807." Ellis P. Bean, then 17 years of
age, was among the party. His Memoirs, Appendix 2, in Yoakum,
describe their experiences in detail.3*3
Philip Nolan, according to the Nacogdoches Census of December,
1794, was an Irishman, native of Belfast; resident of Nacogdoches,
single, aged twenty-three years; and having a negro slave, native of
New Orleans, aged 25, and a servant, single, from Bruges, aged 31.364
This Census mentions another Irishman, Francisco Connichi, aged 50
years, married to Mariana, bom in Philadelphia, 1754. They had four
sons, aged 18, 14, 10 and 8, respectively. There are also items for:
Antonio Buquer, nationality, of America, b. 1750, m. to Maria of Na-
chitos; one son, aged 28; one Fil, b. in Carolina, 1732; m. to Ana of
Nachitos; and Francisco Borman, aged 62, single, with 3 servants.
This census shows a population of 453 at Nacogdoches. Forty-seven
had died during the previous year, 1793.
It is interestmg to note that Maria Josefa, aged nine days, nat-
ural daughter of Don Felipe Nolan, of English nationality, was bap-
362 Elguezabal, certified copies of commuunications from the Comandante of Orachita,
Bexar, Nov. 30, 1800, MSS.
363 These data are taken from "Cuaderno Borrador," 1799-1801; Elguezabal to Nava,
Item, 125, Oct. 1, 1800; No. 144, Nov. 30, 1800; No. 157, J a n . 13, 1801; No. 164, Feb. 4, 1801;
Nos. 203, 218, 256; No. 179, March 30, 1801; No. 188, Apr. 15, 1801; No. 212, June 14, 1801;
Nos, 226 and 227, Aug.10, 1801; and No. 281, Nov. 11, 1801.
364 B, A., 1794, Census for 1794, Pueblo de Na. Sa. del Pilar de Nacogdoches, Dec. 31,
1794, back of page 2, entry 5 : "Don Felipe Nolan, Irlandes, natl. de Belfaste, soltero, su edad
23 as, un sirbiente, soltero, de Bruque, su edad 31 as."
tized at San Fernando, August 29, 1798, with godparents: Juan Jos£
Leal and Josefa Leal, while another church record states that Philip
Nolan was godfather to the Rivas in 1799.
Vidal communicated with the Comandante at Nacogdoches, from
Concordia, October 20, 1800, as follows: "In strict confidence I com-
municate to you that I know that Nolan has many friends there and
in San Antonio, and none of them, not even excepting the govern-
ment officials, should be advised, because the last time that Nolan
was in these parts, he was able to leam the steps that had been
Taken and the reports that had been made of his conduct. Nolan is
active, enterprising and bold and knows these localities better than
the natives themselves."
Another Englishman, one Jones, was living in Nacogdoches in 1793.
Accordmg to the communication of Cordova to Munoz, dated January
12, 1794, in the Bexar Archives, Jones was married to Concepcion Pe-
rez, a native of that presidio.
On June 6, 1794, the Comanche Captain, called "El Cojo," the
Cripple, brought to the capital, San Antonio de Bexar, Juan Culbert,
of English nationality, native of Philadelphia, and this, in spite of all
that Governor Munoz could do to prevent it. Culbert was a silver-
smith (platero) by trade, and of the Presbyterian religion. He said
that he had left his country three years before, that is, in 1791, and
that he had been hunting on the plains for fifteen months, living
twenty-one months at Nachi, and at the post of Natchitos (en el
Nachi, y Puesto de Natchitos). He stated that the purpose of his ar-
rival in San Antonio was to be converted to the Catholic religion, to
be baptised, and to follow his trade as silversmith, and to repair
arms. As he could not speak or understand Spanish, Govemor Mufioz
was unable to investigate the case as he desired. He immediately
communicated with the Comandante to ask whether Culbert should
be permitted to reside in the capital or not. This communication is
in the Bexar Archives, Oficio No. 178, Quademo No. 4, 1794, June 9,
1794. Munoz was instructed, on July 15, 1794, to forward all papers
found on the person of the English American, Juan Culbert, who had
arrived at the Presidio of San Antonio with the Comanche Captam,
El Cojo, and to report all data available in regard to him (Oficio No.
203, Chihuahua). The next notice we have of the silversmith is when
Munoz informed Bernardo Fernandez, 1795, that Culbert had been
placed in shackles, imprisoned in the Calaboso, and deprived of all
communication with the outside world. Then, in October, 1795, Mu-
noz informed the Comandante that the English American, Colbert
(sic), or Galbes, as he signed his name (Oficio No. 347, Sep. 25, 1795),
because, as he gave assurances, his father had told him that he was
a cousin (prime hermano) of the Count of Galvez, would continue his
march, along with the couriers who carried the valise (conductores de
balija) to San Juan Bautista del Rio Grande, the following Monday,
for which purpose he had his passport, and all in accordance with the
disposition of the Govemor of Coahuila. For his supplies, received
from the Lieutenant Abilitado of the company, he had spent twenty-
^
ANGLO-AMERICANS 273
five pesos. Calbert arrived at the Valle de Santa Rosa on October 9,

1795, according to Cueva's communication to Munoz, in the B. A.
Stephen Rechan (Richard) came to San Antonio in 1799. He m.
Maria Guadalupe Ramon, 1811, at which time he stated that his
parents were Mordie Rechan and Sarah Danolin, and that he was
from the state of Pennsylvania in the U. S. A.; and that he had been
in Chihuahua 9 years, and in San Antonio 12 years. Mordie Richard
came to San Antonio from Louisiana, January 28, 1808, with a pass-
port issued in New Orleans, Sep. 20, 1804, for the purpose of proceed-
ing to Bexar on personal busmess and to secure the release of his son
and nephew. This information is from the B. A., 1804. Having become
a Spanish subject, he hoped that h e would be facilitated in receiving
land grants. This statement was made in connection with grant of
Jan. 28, 1808, Sp. Ar. There was a plan (Dec. 20, 1800) of land be-
longing to "Mordico" Richard in the Sp. Ar., but the grant was an-
nulled by order of Oct. 28, 1810.365
D. Juan Kenner Herocy, foreigner, aged 36 years; native of Lon-
don, England, was buried from San Fernando church July 6, 1821; he
left a widow Da. Elena Benand.
The following Americans were baptised at San Fernando:
Jacoba Petra, b. 1822, daughter of James LONG and Juana Wilson, m. in Missouri; bapt.
June 29, 1823.
James, aged 6 yrs., 4 mos., 20 days; and Maria Josefa, aged 5 mos., and 4 days; ch. of
Tomas COX and Santia Xerbruc; bapt. Feb. 24, 1824.
Maria Cecilia Elena Margarita, aged 3 yrs., daughter of George NIXON and Elena Ase-
loi; b. in Tenn.; bapt. Oct. 6, 1824.
Joseph Warren BROWN, aged 41 yrs., b. Mass.; bapt. Apr. 30, 1827.
Francis SMITH, aged 36 yrs., b. Carolina, son of John and Isabel; bapt. May 20, 1828.
John W. SMITH, aged 35 yrs., same parents, that is, John and Isabel; his godfather was
Ramon Musquiz; bapt., June 24, 1828.
James ROX, aged 23 yrs., b. S. Ca., son of James and J u a n a ; godfather, Juan Martin
Veramendi; bapt. June 26, 1828.
Maria Josefa MANCE, aged 17 yrs., b. Tenn., daughter of James and Maria Josefa; god-
parents: Gaspar Flores and Teresa Zambrano; bapt. June 26. 1828.
Francisco Andres BROWN, aged 6 mos., of Colo., son of James and Maria Josefa; bapt.
June 26, 1828.
William LUIS, aged 26 yrs., b. Ky., son of Bernardo and Mary ; bapt., July 12, 1828.
Mary BENSON, aged 26 yrs., b . Tenn., daughter of Benjamin and Isabel; bapt. July
12, 1828.
William BRANCHIN, aged 24 yrs., by Ey., son of Mateo and Maria Ignacia; bapt. Nov.
18, 1829.
Several items follow, without family names.
George SINGLETON, aged 46 yrs., b. N. Ca., son of Richard and A n a ; bapt. Sep. 6, 1830.
Maria Ignacia, b. Dec. 6, 1830, daughter of Juan Baptista BRAUM and Maria Ignacia
Howell; bapt. Dec. 10, 1830.
Brown says (I, 128, footnote), two girl children b. respectively in 1828 and 1830 to the
same parents, were the first American children b. in San Antonio. They d. before reaching
2 or 3 yrs. of age.
James B. PATRICK, aged 29 yrs., son of John and Isavella, of Ky.; bapt. Aug. 10, 1831.
Philip DEMITT m. Luisa Laso; their son Antonio Alamo, b. 1841; see Chabot,. "True-
heart D i a r y " ; Dewees, p. 31, says Philip Dimmitt landed with others previous to March 15,
1823, unloaded their vessel and took their goods and provisions 25 mi. up the Colorado, where
they built a cabin and stored away their goods; according to a deed in the "Sp. Ar.," he had
property in San Antonio previous to February 28, 1829, for on t h a t date he petitioned for a
vacant tract adjoining his property, and was granted it.
Henry ARNOL, son of David and Rachel, of Missouri, m. 1831; his son Miguel, b. 1845,
and daughter Catalina b. 1848.
Maria Isabel, daughter of Juan "SOI" \Sawyer! and Mariana Mayo (May), b. March
9, 1832; according to the "Sawyer" family records, they came to San Antonio from St. Louis,
Mo. There were two brothers: (1) Patrick, who brought his daughter Mary Anne, aged 6
yrs. m. Oct. 31, 1850, Edward Miles, of San Jacinto fame: their daughter Esther Miles, m.
John Crawford (see Garza) : and (2) John Sawyer, most likely the "Juan Soi." above, who had
two daughters, Isabel, d,, S. A., and Ellen M. G., m. Fred P. J. Meyers: P., of whom John
365 Castaneda, Report, Thesis, 228.

and Essie, bapt., St. Mary's church. Oct. 22, 1878. John McMullen was guardian of the three
Sawyer children (Mary Anne, Isabel or Elisabeth, and Ellen), who were left orphans a t an
early date. The Land Records and the District Court Records, in English, Book A, mention
JOHN SOY.—John McMullen vs. Estate of John Soy, dec'd. Oct. term, 1838.
James W. GRAY, aged 26 yrs., son of William and Isabel Louars. m. June 16, 1841, Ma-
ria Simona Fernandez, daughter of Gerbasco and Maria Jesds Herrera.
Luis MALLETTE, son of Riscal and Margarite Bois, from St. Louis, Mo., m. 1841, Maria
Joaquina Galan, daughter of Nicolas and Elogia Emandez, from Espiritu Santo; godparents:
Juan Seguin and Josefa Valdes.
James FISK. m. 1st, 1837, Susan Concepei6n Smith (she d. Jan., 1849) ; m. 2nd, 1849,
Simona Smith, daughter of "IRINIO JUAN SMITH." and Guadalupe Ruis. A sister of Si-
mona Smith. Maria Trinidad, m. Henry ArnoL son of Pedro and Mary Dimmitt, and they
had a daughter, Mary Martha, b. 1833; she m. Henry (?) ADAMS, and they had Henry
and Sarah.
Benjamin FRANKLIN, m. Eleanor B. Beale, and they had: Arthur Emmett, b. 1843 and
Willbert Henry, b. 1847.
John MAC MULLEN and Esther Espadas adopted Joseph Anthony, aged 9 yrs., from
the United States, in 1833. She d. November 9, 1846, aged about 70 years. He was found
murdered in his home (site of present Public Library).
SMITH
The four families of Smith are interestmg, but the records con-
fusing:
Erastus, or "Deaf Smith", known as El Sordo, who m. Guadalupe
Ruis, estabhshed a home below Mission San Jose, where he introduc-
ed a stock of fine Mulie cattle from Louisiana, a contrast to the
native Long Homs. He was buried at Richmond, in the Episcopal
church yard, where a modest monument marks his grave: "Deaf
Smith, The Texas Spy, Died Nov. 30, 1837."
The following is from the Valentine Bennet Scrapbook (Photostat
copy, the University cf Texas), 1838-1839: "We went on to San An-
tonio where there were a few scattered mihtary stones, and some
Government Cattle and Horses.
"We put up at Dolson and Anton Lockmar's tavem; there were
some Americans here though at times it was difficult to muster
twenty American men. We boarded in the late Deaf Smith's family.
There were Henry Amold, John W. Smith, Wilham B. Jacques, MT.
Elliot, Samuel A. Maverick, Nat Lewis, with their famUies, with Fore-
man Lewis, Mr. Garrety, Wiley George, Surveyor Lindsey, Frank Pas-
chal, King, Arch Jones, Earnest, James L. Trueheart, and perhaps one
or two others. . . .
"August 1st: The Land Office opened at San Antonio and I went
out to the Medina River with Mr. Maverick, Josh. ThreadgiU and Sur-
veyors. . . ."
"Tuesday night, May 28th: Preaching! the first I had heard of
in San Antonio, at the Court House; by some stranger. Well attend-
ed. An unprecedented occurrence here."
John W. Smith, or "Red Head," known as El Colorado, came to
San Antonio from Missouri in 1826. He m. in San Antonio, 1832, one
of the Delgado-Curbelo famUy. He was a scout and guide, and knew
the Texas territory exceedingly weU. After the American occupation,
he was elected the first mayor of San Antonio (1837), which office he
held until March 9, 1838; the aldermen during his administration were
Manuel Martinez, Francisco BustiUo, Ramon Trevino, Pedro Flores
Morales, Gabriel Arriola, Rafael Herrera, Francisco Granado and
Francisco A. Ruiz. He was followed in office by WiUiam H. Danger-
ANGLO-AMERICANS 275
field; who was succeeded July 20, 1838, to Jan. 8, 1839, by Antonio
Menchaca, pro tem. W. E. Houth being the first and only American
alderman. During the Samuel A. Maverick administration (Jan. 8,
1839 to Jan. 8, 1840), there were two American aldermen: John W.
Smith and George Dolson. John W. Smith was mayor from Jan. 8,
1840 to Jan. 9, 1841 with three American aldermen: Comelio Van
Ness, George Blow, and John McMullen. He was mayor, succeeding
the Juan N. Seguin administration, from April 18, 1842 to March 30,
1844, with American aldermen: J. McMullen, B. CaUaghan, S. A.
Maverick, E. Dwyer, and B. Bradley.
John W. Smith was representative from Bexar in the congress of
the Republic in Washington on Brazos. He died there in 1844. See
Chabot, Alamo, Altar of Texas Liberty, 100-105.
Sam S. Smith, or "Big Beard," known as El Barbon, came to San
Antonio in February, 1837. He served as alderman during the ad-
ministration of Charles F. King, and acted as mayor pro tem, 1847.
He was County and District Clerk for many years. He married into
the Brackett family. His son Thad, was "one of the best informed
men on matters appertaining to the hfe and people of old San An-
tonio," and was connected with the administration of the office of
the County Clerk untU his death. The writer is grateful to him for
many data in this work.
The old Spanish Court House, or Casas Reales, was located at the
northeast corner of Main Plaza and Market St., as has already been
noted. The "Old Bat Cave," at the northwest corner of Military
Plaza, the two-story building without the waUed enclosure, was begun,
says Corner, September 6, 1850. It served as a Court House; the
building within the walled enclosure serving as a jaU. The French
Building, at the corner of Dwyer Avenue and Dolorosa St., was near-
ly completed by August 14, 1858. On Apnl 13, 1868, it constituted a
part of the county court house, where the district court was held; and
this is where Sam S. Smith was county clerk. The next court house
(Apr. 27, 1882) was located on the east side of Soledad St., between
Commerce and Houston, at the site of the old Masonic Lodge, No. 44.
The present court house, facing Main Plaza, is located in part, on the
old Dwyer homestead site. Two annexes were constructed during the
administrations of Judges J. R. Davis and McCloskey (1927-28); the
southern portion occupying the old Bennet homestead site.
Charles P. Smith, or "The Captam," known as El Capitdn, was an
ordinance officer in the American army, stationed at the Arsenal in
San Antonio. He was born Sept. 19, 1844; and died March 18, 1923. He
married Gertrudis, dau. of Ignacio Cassiano and Margarita Rodriguez.
Ignacio Cassiano was the son of Jose Cassiano by his 2nd wife, Gertrudis
Peres, the widow of Gov. Antonio Cordero, from whom the Smiths en-
herited the Cordero heirlooms. Jose Cassiano m. 3rd, Margarita Valdes;
and after her death, m. 4th, in October 1842, Maria Trinidad Soto, at
which time he (Jose Cassiano) was fifty-one years of age, accordmg to
San Fernando Cathedral Marriage Records, Vol. I, item No. 404.
MAVERICK
LAIN FOLK were the Mavericks, "of that yeoman stock,"

says Beatrix Cresswell, "which has always been the back-
bone of England — those 'plain Folk' of whom it has
been said:—
Though kings may boast and knights cavort
We broke the spears at Agincourt,
Never a field was starkly won
But ours the dead that faced the sun.
"The name occurs in various forms as Mavericke, Mauverricke,
Madericke, Mathericke, and Maverick. . . .Whence the name is de-
rived can be merely a matter of conjecture. It has been suggested
that it is a form of Maurice. No connection is, however, traceable be-
tween the Morrices of the West Country and the Mavericks.
"Whatever may be its source the name, or term, of Maverick has
found a permanent place in the English language, and that in a
somewhat remarkable manner."
Samuel A. Maverick, the first to come to Texas, was never part-
icularly interested in cattle raising. The lands which he acquired
however, were extensive, and no trouble was taken to brand the cat-
tle at large. "A calf or yearling found without a brand was sure to
be Maverick's, and such cattle are known as "mavericks" at the pre-
sent day. But as they were easUy adopted by dishonest individuals,
the term a maverick was appUed to property Ulegally appropriated.
By a further development, a masterless man was caUed a maverick.
The word has found its way into literature; Rudyard Kipling tells
the story of The Mutiny of the Mavericks, that Irish regiment "of
loyal musketeers, commonly known as the Mavericks, because they
were masterless and unbranded cattle."
"Robert Maverick of Awliscombe (East uncle Radford was vicar. He was rector
Devon, England) is the first member of of Beaworthy, in North Devin, for 14
the family of whom there are any definite years. He was chosen as one of the teach-
xecords. He was born early in the 16th ers of the Puritan church, at Plymouth,
century, most likely in pre-reformation Devon, and *xm afterwards sailed for
times; the entry of his burial on Nov- New England.
ember 14. 157S, in tha Paris Register at The Rev. John Maverick with his fam-
Awliscombe describes him as 'Robert ily of seven his origin given as Devon,
Maierwick clerk. " As the Awliscombe was the first mentioned on a provisional
Pariah Register does not begin until 1559, list of passengers for the ship "Mary and
there U no entry of Robert's marriage, John" which sailed from Plymouth, Eng- -
nor the baptisms of his elder children. land, March 20. 1630, and arrived May
Robert MavericK had: 30, 1630. Mr. Maverick with Messrs. Lud-
1 Peter, ordained deacon, J a n . 15, 1773-4 low and Rossitur, were brought out with
and priest March 16, following; m. the West Country people by Captain
Dorothie Tucke; they h a d : (i) John, Squib, according to the Winthrop Journal,
bapt. Oct. 28, 1578; and (ii) Nathaniel, June 17, 1630. They were set down a t
bapt. June 24, 1583; seems to have Mattapan. These were the founders oi
followed the legal profession; head Dorchester, Mass. As Winthrop's license
clerk to the town clerk of the City was nominally for a Trading Co., the set-
of London. tlers had to become Freemen of the Com-
2 John. pany. In a list of those wishing to be-
3 Edward. come freemen, Oct. 6, 1630, are "Mr.
4 Alice. Samuel Mavracke. Mr. John Mavracke.
5 Alexander ( ? ) . Mr. John Maverick took the oath of Free-
6 Radford ( ? ) . bapt. 1560. man, May 18, 1631; his son Samuel did
John Maverick m. Mary Gye, at Ilsing- not, however, take the oath till Oct. 2,
ton, Co. Devon, Oct. 28, 1600, when his 1632; Elias, June 11. 1633, and Moses
ANGLO-AMERICANS 277
Maverick, Sept. 3, 1634. I t is possible t h a t ly hospitabl e m a n in al l t h e c o u n t r y , g i v -

J o h n ' s y o u n g e r sons w e r e n o t qualified i n g e n t e r t a i n m e n t t o all comers g r a t i s . "
f o r freemen u n t i l t h e l a t e r d a t e s . " H e a n d his wife a n d s e r v a n t s , w e n t daily
" J o h n Maverick w a s highly esteemed to m i n i s t e r to t h e I n d i a n s w h e n t h e y w e s e
b y a l l in t h e Colony. H e is called t h e a t t a c k e d by t h e " w h i t e m a n ' s s c o u r g e , "
'godly M r . J o h n Maverick.' H e died a t t h e Small-pox, 1633.
B o s t o n aged 60. W i n t h r o p said h e w a s
" a m a n of v e r y h u m b l e spirit, a n d f a i t h - " A t t h e t i m e of his f a t h e r ' s d e a t h S a -
ful in f u r t h e r i n g t h e w o r k of t h e Lord muel w a s in V i r g i n i a w h e r e h e r e m a i n -
b o t h in t h e churches a n d civil s t a t e . " H i s ed for a y e a r . W i n t h r o p records his r e t u r n
widow, M a r y Gye, survived h i m m a n y on A u g u s t 3, 1636: ' S a m u e l Maverick, w h o
y e a r s , a n d w a s living in New E n g l a n d as had been in V i r g i n i a n e a r twelve m o n t h s ,
l a t e a s Oct. 9, 1666. T h e y h a d ; now returned with two pinnaces, a n d
b r o u g h t some 14 heiffers, a n d a b o u t 80
1 A a r o n , m e n t i o n e d in t h e will of his g o a t s . ' H e also b r o u g h t ' t e n n i g g e r s ' some
g r e a t uncle, R a d f o r d ; p r o b a b ly d. y. of t h e f i r s t negroes imported i n t o N e w
2 Samuel a n d E n g l a n d , w h e r e Samuel Maverick w a s one
3 E l i a s , mentioned a s " t w o of t h e sons of t h e earliest employers of slave l a b o r.
of J o h n Moverick, son of t h e said One of t h e t w o p i n n a c es w a s a vessel of
P e t e r , " a n d " w e r e n a m e d in t h e i r a b o u t 40 t o n s built of c e d a r wood a t t h e
g r a n d f a t h e r ' s leas e in 1 6 0 9 ; a n d oc- Barbadoes. O w i n g t o t h e death of t h e
c u r a g a i n in h i s c o m p l a i n t a g a i n s t o w n e r , it w a s sold cheaply in V i r g i n i a ,
W i l l i a m C h a m p e n e y in 1612; t h e y w e r e a n d t h e r e bough t by Samuel, w h o h a d
t h e n boys of n o t m o r e t h a n 7 o r 8 t a k e n only one p i n n a c e from Boston a n d
y e a r s old." E l i as m . A n n e , d a u g h t e r evidently required a second vessel for all
of T h o m a s H a r r i s . H e lived a t W i n - t h e m e r c h a n d i s e he b r o u g h t home.
nissimet, n e a r his b r o t h e r Samuel. H e " I n s p i t e of his good qualities S a m u e l ' s
defended t h e Colony, w a s a m e m b e r of religious opinions did n o t satisfy t h e
t h e Ancient a n d Honorable Artillery P u r i t a n s of N e w E n g l a n d . The Maver-
Company in 1654. H e d. 1684, aged icks w e r e loyal to t h e E n g l i s h c r o w n ,
80, a n d w a s buried a t C h a r l e s t o n. a n d t h e i r religious t e n e t s inclined t o b e
Mass., his wife' s u r v i v i n g h i m till 1697. episcopalian." The g o v e r n m e n t of t h e
T h e i r son P a u l , o n e of eleven chij n o n - c o n f o r m i s t founders of M a s s a c h u s e t t s
d r e n , b . J u n e 10, 1657, m . J e m i m a become a s o r t of theocracy, " a n d i t is
Smith, d a u g h t e r of Lieut. J o h n S m i t h well k n o w n t h a t so f a r from h a v i n g 'free-
a n d M a r y Bill of W i n n i s s i m e t , They dom of conscience' t h e s e t t l e r s e n d u r e d
h a d a son J o h n , f a t h e r of A n d r e w , t h e s h a r p persecution unless they s h a r e d t h e
p a i n t e r , w h o w a s a d m i t t e d a s a free- n a r r o w opinions of t h e i r s u p e r i o r s . " T h e
m a n t o t h e City of N e w York , J u l y 17, e d i t o r of W i n t h r o p ' s J o u r n a l notes t h a t
1 7 5 3 ; who m . t h e n e x t y e a r , S a r a h , " T h i s e s t i m a b le m a n S a m u e l Maverick w a s
d a u g h t e r of P e t e r a n d B e t h i a Ruston, looked u p o n a s k a n c e in t h e c o m m u n i t y ,
or R u s h t o n ; t h e i r son P e t e r R u s h t o n w h e r e , t h o u g h recognized a s a m a n of
Maverick, b, A p r i l 11, 1755, N e w York, s u b s t a n c e a n d w o r t h , h e w a s given n o
w a s a silver s m i t h , etcher and en- public p l a c e . " So f r e q u e n t l y w a s h e e m -
g r a v e r ; he i n h e r i t e d a big e s t a t e f r o m broiled w i t h t h e Governors of t h e s e t t l e-
h i s g r a n d f a t h e r ; h e d. D e c . 1811. m e n t , indeed, t h a t he r e t u r n e d t o E n g l a n d
P e t e r , his son, h a d a son A u g u s t u s . a n d lay before t h e G o v e r n m e n t t h e case
4 Mary. of t h o s e w h o . like himself, did n o t con-
5 Moses. sider t h e y w e r e fairly t r e a t e d . H i s " B r i e f
6 Abigail. description of N e w E n g l a n d " w h i ch b e a r s
7 Antipas. i n t e r n a l evidence of being w r i t t e n in
a b o u t 1660, c a n be seen in t h e B r i t i s h
8 J o h n , identified a s son of R e v . J o h n Museum Library. The original manuscripts
Maverick, in a deposition of April 24, of his l e t t e r s a r e a t t h e Bodleian, Oxford.
1 6 4 5 : q. s. W i t h t h e r e s t o r a t i o n of t h e royal g o v e r n -
S a m u e l Maverick received a g r a n t of m e n t u n d e r Charles I L , S a m u e l Maverick
Noddles Island, E a s t Boston, in 1633. a n d w a s a p p o i n t e d one of t h e commissioners
b u i l t a house t h e r e . Maverick S q u a r e in " T o visit o u r 'Colony of M a s s a c h u s e t t s i n
E a s t Boston w a s n a m e d for h i m . I n con- o u r P l a n t a c i o n of N e w E n g l a n d . " A t fhe
t r a s t t o t h e f a t h e r s of Massachusetts , h e s a m e t i m e , A p r i l 23, 1664, i n s t r u c t i o n s
w a s full of g e n i a l i t y a n d friendship t o - w e r e issued " F o r t h e visitacion of o u r
w a r d s all h e m e t . " H e came o u t in 1624. Colony of Connecticot," I n 1664 h e r e -
possibly w i t h the first c o n t i n g e n t of t u r n e d t o America a s one of t h e four
D o r s e t s h i r e m e n , despatched by t h e Rev. commissioners to s e t t l e t h e a f f a i r s of N e w
J o h n W h i t e of Dorchester. A r r i v i n g a t E n g l a n d , a n d reduce t h e D u t c h i n N e w
Massachusetts he settled a t W i n i s s i m e t N e t h e r l a n d . T h e P u r i t a n F a t h e r s however,
o n t h e Mystic River, W i t h his neighbor, h a d n o i n t e n t i o n of s u b m i t t i n g t o a n y
David Thompson, he b u i l t a f"*rt a s a de- m a n a g e m e n t but their own. T h e commis-
fense a g a i n s t t h e I n d i a n s . " I t w a s s t a n d - sioners w e r e n o t successful w i t h t h e i r
i n g in 1660, t h e a n t i e n t i s t house in t h e d e a l i n g s i n M a s s a c h u s e t t s. S a m u e l M a v e r -
M a s s a c h u s e t t s Government.' H e r e Samuel ick settled in New Y o r k a f t e r it passed
p r a c t i s e d ' l a r g e h e a r t e d hospitality ' a n d u n d e r E n g l i s h rule. I n r e w a r d f o r his
shewed special kindnes s in welcoming all loyalty h e w a s given " a house o n t h e
n e w a r r i v a l s a s soon as they landed." Broad W a y " in October of 1669, t h e p r e -
W i n t h o r p visited h i m a f t e r his first a r - s e n t N o . 50.
r i v a l , a n d t h i s " m u s t have been especial-
ly welcome to S a m u e l Maverick, for his " H e lived a n o t h e r t e n y e a r s , o r m o r e .
f a t h e r a n d m o t h e r c a m e over a t t h e s a m e H i s n a m e a p p e a r s on a deed dated 1676.
t i m e . " J o h n Josselyn, who c a m e over in P r o b a b l y h e died in N e w York, b u t t h e
1638, visited Samuel Maverick a t Nodd- a c t u a l p l a ce of his d e a t h h a s n o t y e t been
les Island a n d described him a s " t h e o n - a s c e r t a i n e d n o r his will discovered."
He married Amyea, or Amias Thomp- and was the ancestor of Samuel Maverick,
son, the widow of his friend David Thomp- who was killed in front of the old South
son, who died in about 1628. Their elder Chureh, in Boston, in the earliest resist,
son, Nathaniel, died at Barbadoes in 1673. ance to the home government of England.
leaving a son Nathaniel, and other chil- March 5, 1770. Mr. John Maverick and
dren, from whom are descended the Ma- servants from Barbadoes arrived in Car-
vericks of Texas. Their second son, Sa- olina 8 February 1670-1. He was a large
muel, died at Boston in 1663, leaving two land owner in the first town of Charles-
infant daughters. town. possessing lot No. 43, of the first
Nathaniel, "Gentleman." of New Eng- 62 lots laid out in the present city of
land, is so-called in the agreement of sale Charleston. He was elected a member of
of Noddles Island in 1649. Noddless is- the colonial parliament by the free-hold-
land seems to have been entailed by Sa- ers of the city in the year 1672, being the
muel Maverick on his son Nathaniel. The first popular election held in that col-
sale, to Captain Briggs of the Barbadoe*, ony, and probably the first ever held on
was with the consent of Nathaniel's father this continent.
and by the advice of his friends. The con-
sideration waa 40,000 lbs. of white sugar, "Samuel Maverick was the
"to be lodged in some convenient place."
He died between January 8, and February name of thre. generations after
24, 1673-4, styling himself in his will, John to Samuel, the subject of
dated August 16, 1676. and proved at Bar-
badoes, Feb. 24, 1673-4. of the Parish of this sketch. The Mavericks, from
St. Lucy's in the Island of Barbadoes,
Esquire. His children, in the order in John, the great-great-grandfather,
which they were given in his will were: to Samuel Maverick, were ship-
1 Moses, d. before Aug. 16. 1670.
2 Mary. owners, builders of ships and
3 John, under 21 yrs. of age on Aug. merchants, always men of energy
16, 1676. and men of means, until Samuel,
4 Samuel, Captain.
5 Nathaniel. the father, was reduced by the
In this will, dated August 16, 1670. the
last three sons, were mentioned as all
war of the Revolution. Samuel,
under 21 years of age. This will was wit- the grandfather, married Cath-
nessed by John Maverick, Samuel Ma- erine Coyer, a Huguenot."
verick, and two other men. I t may be as-
sumed that the first two witnesses were
not the minor sons of Nathaniel Maverick,
The foUowing letter addressed
and also that the minors of 1670. were to Samuel Augustus Maverick, the
not the Charleston settlers, "John and first of the fanuly in Texas, by
Samuel Maverick, brothers," being origin-
al settlers of Charlestown, South Carolina, his father Samuel Maverick, dat-
1670-1680. It therefore seems reasonable
to believe that the John Maverick who went ed MontpeUer, Pendleton, South
from the Barbadoes to Carolina in 1670-1. Carolina, Dec. 30, 1848, is a very
was John, son of Rev. John Maverick.
Mr. J . R. Hutchinson of London, in complete account of the family:
his "Genealogical Notes from the High
Court of Admiralty Examinations," has "My Dear Son:
contributed a bit of information of con-
siderable interest, viz.. 'John Maverick of I am seventy-six years old this
Dorchester in New England, sailor, de- day. Thanks to God for his con-
poses 24 April, 1645. aged 24. His brother
'liveth hard by Boston.'" tinued kindness. Tour sister,
"This disposition identified the John
Maverick of Boston who had a wife Jane, Lydia Arm Van Wyck left this
and who, it was conjectured, was per-
haps a son of Samuel Maverick of Noddles
place on the 7th of May, 1844, for
Island and a grandson of Rev. John Ma- New York, by the MaU Stage, and
verick, as another son of Rev. John Ma-
verick. He was undoubtedly the John her book yet remains here with
Maverick who married at All Hallows,
London Wall, 15 April 1645 (nine days
me. And thinking it might not
before John Maverick of Dorchester de- be unexceptable for your chUdren
posed at the High Court of Admiralty),
Jane Andrewes; and Jane (Andrewes) to have a rough sketch of some
Maverick, appears as a legatee in the
will of James Astwood of Boston, dattM
of my adventures, and some ac-
17 'Sept. 1653. John and Jane Maverick count of the Maverick and Tur-
of Boston had: John. b. Apr. 18, 1653, and
Dorothy, b. Jan. 23, 1645-5. pin families, my father's and
This John Maverick, father of John and
Dorothy, disappears from New England
mother's ancestors, I wiU here
some time before 1670. According to th* therefore send you a copy from
Maverick family records (see "Ency. of the her book, etc.:"
New West," Texas Volume, Marshall, Tex-
as, 1881), John was a younger brother oi My Dear Daughter Lydia Ann Van
Samuel, who settled on Noddles Island, Wyck:
ANGLO-AMERICANS 279
You left this book with me before thc ary Street House in Charleston, Sept. 2,
7th of May, 1844, when you went to New 1809, aged four years and five months
York, requesting that I should write ten days. Your brother Robert, Sept. 15,
something in it and sign my name, but 1806, and died t h a t night, your mother
from the multiplicity of my business, it having been thrown ont of a carriage
has remained in my chest until this 15th several days before, and while I was gone
day of Marcli. 1846. My age and passing trading to New York. Your sister Mary
time now admonishes me to my neglect. Elizabeth Maverick, was born Dec. 23,
I was born in Charlestown, now Charles- 1807, in Charleston, S. C , and was first
ton, South Carolina, on the 30th of Dec- married to Joseph Turpin Weyman, Mar.
ember. 1772. I am now in my 74th year; 21, 1825 in Charleston, and he. Joseph
my blessed mother was Lydia Turpin, the Turpin Weyman, died at my Montpelier
daughter of Capt. Joseph Turpin and Mary Plantation, Pendleton, S. C., May 20,
Turpin; this Joseph Turpin my grand- 1834. and she. your sister Mary Elizabeth
father, was the son of Joseph Turpin of Weyman was the mother of Elizabeth
Providence, R. I., a merchant and ship Anderson Weyman, Augustus Maverick
owner of that place, many years before Weyman and Joseph Bossier Weyman.
the American Revolution, and owned a And your said sister, Mary Elizabeth, af-
considerable part of that place and it terwards married Joseph Thompson of
was said gave the burial ground to Pro- Lauderdale County, Alabama, on the 14th
vidence, and was buried in it. Your sis- of October, 1836, and by whom she had
ter, Mary Elizabeth, and you, were with two children; viz.. a daughter, Josephine
me there, and we found the old grave stone Thompson, on Aug. 80, 1837 and a son,
with Joseph Turpin marked on it. My Samuel Maverick Thompson, on Nov. 27,
grandmother was the daughter of Isaack 1840, and your said sister Mary Elizabeth
and Easter Brown, and sister of Thomas Thompson died in Lauderdale County, Ala.
Brown of the brick farm in Rheobath, five on June 30, 1842, aged 34 yrs., 5 mos.
or six miles below Providence, on the and 7 days. Your brother Samuel Augustus
west side of Providence River and oppo- Maverick was married to Mary Adams of
site two little islands and the town of Tuskaloosa, Ala., on Aug. 4, 1836 and they
Potucket. She, my blessed grandmother, have five children; viz., Samuel Maverick
was born on the 20th of February, 1731, who was born at Montpelier, S. C , May
and died in Charleston, S. C , Oct. 20, 14, 1837, Lewis Antonio Maverick, born
1796. She had three children: Joseph, at San Antonio, Texas, March 23. 1839,
Lydia (my mother) and William Turpin. Agatha Maverick born at San Antonio,
Joseph was the father of Capt. William Apr. 12, 1841, Augusta born a t La Grange,
Turpin, now of Greenville, S. C , and Fayette Co., Texas, on Mar. 30, 1843, and
father of Catherine, who married Edward George Maverick was born a t Matagorda,
Weyman, and father of Mary Turpin, who Texas, on Sept. 7, 1845. And you, Lydia
married Mr. Footman; the said Catherine Ann Maverick were born at Montpelier,
Weyman was the mother of Joseph Turpin S. C , June 28, 1814, and were married to
Weyman who married your sister, Mary William Van Wyck in the Pendleton Epis-
Elizabeth Maverick. My father and moth- copal Church, Oct. 23, 1833, and your
er were married in Charlestown, S. C , children were: Samuel Maverick Van
(now Charleston) ; she, my mother, had Wyck, born in New York Apr. 14, 1835,
six children: myself, the oldest and five fm. Margaret C. Broyles: Samuel Ma-
others: viz., Joseph, born in Charlestown, verick, m. Nina Harrison: 7 ch.~| Abraham
June 5, 1774; Mary Easter, Dec. 22, 1775; Van Wyck, born in Blount Co., Ala. on
a daughter still born, Apr. 26, 1777; Isaack Apr. 23, 1838, and died in Blount Co.,
Jacob, Apr. 9, 1779; and Lydia, born in Ala. in 1838, aged five months, William
Providence, R. I., June 10, 1780, and all Van Wyck, born in Lauderdale Co., Ala.,
died without issue. My mother married Apr. 17, 1840, Zaruah Van Wyck, born
the second time. General Robert Ander- at Rock Mills, Anderson Dist., S. C.
son of Pendleton District, S. C. And my April 1, 1843. And Augustus Van Wyck,
mother died J a n . 19, 1803 . . . and Gen- in New York, Oct. 14, 1845. Your mother
eral Robert Anderson died on Dec. 25, 1812, died at Montpelier, Pendleton, now An-
aged 70 years, and they were both buried derson Dist.. S. C , Sept. 27, 1818, aged
in his burial ground on his plantation on 35 yrs. and one month, and was buried
Seneca River, Pendleton Dist.. S. C. My in my burial ground a t Montpelier, Pen-
grandmother's son, William Turpin (my dleton Dist. S. C.
uncle) was a merchant of Charleston,
and with whom I lived as a shop boy. My father, Samuel Maverick, was born
and I was afterwards concerned with in Charlestown, now Charleston, S. C ,
them in mercantile business, under the and was the son of Samuel Maverick, and
firm of Wadsworth, Turpin and Maverick. his father Samuel was the son of John
My said uncle, William Turpin, married Maverick or Samuel Maverick, as these
the widow, Mary Savage, and they had two brothers came to South Carolina, sup-
no children, and after her death my un- posedly about the year 1620, by way of
cle William Turpin moved to New York, Bermuda; they were here before the pre-
and he died there Jan. 21, 1835, and was sent City of Charlestown, now Charleston,
buried in the Quaker meeting burial was laid off or built on. John Maverick
Ground, in the eighty-first year of his was elected by the Free Holders a mem-
age. I was married in Pendleton Dist., S. ber of the New Parliament, and it is the
C , to your mother, Eilxabeth Anderson, first popular election on record in South
the youngest daughter of General Robert Carolina on the 9th of April, 1672, and
Anderson, on the fifth day of October, he owned lot No. 43, one of the first
1802. Your brother. Samuel Augustus Ma- sixty-two lots. laid off in Charlestown,
verick was born July 23, 1803. Your sister now the City of Charleston, S. C , having
AAn Caroline Maverick was born Mar. 23, surrendered his lots in the first Charles-
1805, and died of yellow fever in Bound- town, several miles to the west, and over
the salt water from Oyster point, the
present City of Charleston. I have a copy but did not remove his family from South
of two letters in Benjamin Maverick old Carolina.
account book about 10 years ago, which My blessed mother was Lydia Turpin
were directed to his cousins, Capt. Jon- as I have said. She married my father
athan Burchall and Edward Jones, Esq., in Charleston, S. C. ; she was the daugh-
in Bermuda complaining of his relatives ter of Mary and Joseph Turpin, my said
not writing from Philadelphia and Bur- blessed grandmother was born in Reho-
muda, so that the Maverick family had bath, R. I., and my grandfather Joseph
been here a considerable time and were Turpin was of Providence, R. X., my said
seafaring people and ship builders in the grandfather died in Charleston, July 4 :
first settlement of the country. I pre- 1784, aged 56 years and 5 months, and
sume that Samuel Maverick who was found my said grandmother died in Charleston,
comfortably settled on Noddle's Island, now Oct. 20, 1796, and they were both buried
East Boston, in the year Sixteen Hundred in the Quaker Meeting Yard, on the east
and Thirty was either my great grand- side of King Street, and their son Joseph
father of his brother, the said John Ma- Turpin, my uncle died the same year that
verick mentioned before. My father as I his father died in 1784, both with the
said was married to my mother Lydia Tur- Stranger's (or Yellow) fever. My father's
pin in Charlestown on Mar. 5, 1772, and mother, Catherine (Coyer) Maverick died
I was born on Dec. 30, 1772, and I have in Charleston, Oct. 3, 1799, aged 79 years
five brothers and sisters who all died and was buried in the old Episcopal
without issued: viz., Joseph, born Dec. Church yard in Church Street, Charleston.
80, 7174, Mary Easter, Dec. 22, 1775. Still The old Maverick family were strict mem-
born, Apr. 1777, Isaack Jacob, Apr. 9, bers of that Church, my father's mother
1779, ali in Charlestown, and my sister was born in London in 1720 as I have
Lydia was born in Providence, R. L, said before.
June 1, 1780. My father had been pre- Montpelier farm .Anderson Dist., S. C.
viously married to Miss Rivers, and by May 28. 1848.
her had five children: John was the name (Signed) SAM MAVERICK.
of his first son, whose picture is now Finished this Copy 9th March 1849
hanging in my house at Montpelier, these Adoration to the most high God,
children all died in infancy. And then his (Signed) SAML. MAVERICK.
wife died. My grandfather, my father's
father, Samuel Maverick, was born in
Charlestown, and was a ship carpenter The note book in which this
as well as his brother Benjamin Maverick, letter was copied was given to
on James Island and had a ship yard on
that island which we lost by possession;
he, my grandfather, married my grand-
Mary Brown Maverick by her
mother, my father's mother, in Charles- father, September, 1868, accord-
town ; her maiden name was Catherine ing to a note on the fly leaf.
Coyer; she came to Charlestown, S. C ,
when a child (or Catherine Coier) and she
was born in London in 1720 and died in Samuel Maverick, the father,
Charlestown, Oct., 3, 1799, aged 79 years. and author of this document, was
She, my father's mother had two chil-
dren ; viz., my father, Samuel, and his once a prominent merchant of
sister, Frances Maverick, who married
Mr. Jackson in 1773 in Charlestown, and Charleston, S. C, where he had
they had one child: Judath Jackson. raised himself from the almost
And he, said Jackson, was lost in the
American army in the American Revolu- abject poverty to which the war
tion, and was never heard of by any
of the family; and she, Frances of the Revolution had reduced his
Jackson, died in Charlestown about the family, to a position of great af-
year 1801. And their daughter Judath
Jackson married Mr. Spillers and they fluence.
had three children: Eliza, Harriet, and
Russell Spillers. Eliza Spillers married
Park Strawhan, and they had several Samuel Maverick wrote to his
children: the first, a son, Samuel Spil-
lers. My father died with the dropsey in
son Samuel Augustus, Letter No.
the town of Province, R. I. Jan, 3, 1784, 47, 1842, Transcript, Maverick
reduced by the war of the Revolution
and by the depreciation of continental Papers, the University of Texas,
money to the greatest poverty, aged 42
years, he had been taken a prisoner and
"My father was a patriot in the
lay on board the Old Jersey Prison ship American Revolution and lost
eleven months, in hand cuffs and was at every dollar of a considerable
last excahnged and turned ashore, with-
out hat or shoes, and walked on foot from estate and his Ufe from confine-
New York to Charleston, S. C , in the
year 1778. He then sold out for continent- ment aboard the Old Jersey. . . .
al money and removed by land with my My grandfather, Joseph Turpin,
mother and myself and one negro wo-
man. Rose, in company with the Turpin had twenty-two square rigged
family, viz., Capt. Joseph Turpin and my
grandmother Mary Turpin, and their son, vessels, brigs and schooners,
my uncle William Turpin, Joseph Tur-
pin, Jun. His brother came afterwards.
which were all lost, every cent.
I was the only grandchUd Uving
ANGLO-AMERICANS 281
except my uncle, Joseph Turpin, a pair of sleeve buttons set with

Jr., three chUdren, and the fam- beautiful red cut glass for 6'A
ily could not spare the means to cents; young Samuel at once paid
send us to school to leam Eng- him down the cash and ran home
lish grammar. . ." with the buttons, and showed
It is said of him that he sent them to his mother and told her
ventures to the Celestial Empire, of the great purchase he had
and that he shipped the first made. She heartily laughed at
bale of cotton from America to him, and cried out "pewter Unks"
Europe. Some mercantUe miscar- and "pewter cups", but Samuel
riage caused him subsequently to insisted they were sUver. How-
withdraw from, and close out his ever, he related, that he soon dis-
business, and he retired to Pen- covered that his mother was right
dleton District in the northwest for he had worn them but a few
corner of South Carolina, at the days, before one of the beautiful
foot of the mountains. Here he glasses feU out and was lost. But
spent the balance of his days and what he had lost in money, he
invested and speculated largely in doubly gained in experience, for
lands in South Carolina, Georgia it induced him to look better in
and Alabama. He displayed a the future to his bargains.
coat of arms, and spoke of an Samuel Maverick m. Oct. 5,
ancestor, Margaret Coyer, who 1802, EUzabeth, 7th and youngest
was a Huguenot, banished from chUd of Gen. Robert Anderson
France, and from whom he in- (his step-father) by his 1st, wife,
herited the privUege. He caUed Ann Thompson; he m. 2nd, after
his place in Pendleton, Mont- 1790, the wid. of Samuel Maverick
pelier, for her ancestral home in of Charleston; and m. 3rd, Jane
Southern France. Samuel Mave- Harris, wid. of Rev. Mr. Reese,
rick's early training in the com- distinguished pastor of the Pres-
mercial world was under the care byterian Church. Gen. Robert
of his great grandmother, the Anderson was the 2nd son of 5
widow of Joseph Turpin, and ch. of John Anderson and his
mother of Joseph Turpin. his wife Jean, Scotch-Irish pioneers,
grandfather. In his youth he re- who arrived in Philadelphia in
sided with her in Providence, R. 1735 (see Cole, CorneUa A., Gen,
I. One day he remembered he Robert Anderson). Samuel Mave-
went to a Jews Table standing on rick and EUzabeth Anderson had:
the bridge covered with a vast 1 Samuel Augustus, b. July 23, 1803, a t
appointment of articles for sale: Pendleton, S. C.: q. s.
2 Ann Carolina, d. y., of yellow fever.
knives, scizzers, Jews' Harps, 3 Robert, d. y.
4 Mary Elizabeth, q. s.
sleeve buttons. Garters, etc., and 5 Lydia Ann, b. June 28, 1814; m. Wil-
the Jew told him that he would liam Van Wyck, of New York, by
whom: Samuel Maverick, b. 1835; Wil-
let him have a great bargain of liam. Zeruah L, Augustus, Robert An-
derson, Lydia, and Benjamin S.
HOUSTON
Mary EUzabeth (4), b. Dec. 23, 1807; m. Joseph Turpin Weyman;
and after his d., m. 2nd, Joseph Thompson; by the 1st, m., she had:
(i) Elizabeth Anderson Maverick, b. Dec. 17, 1826; m. Apr. 4, 1844, Dr.
Gray Jones Houston, of whom Sam wrote to Samuel Augustas, on
AprU 4, 1844, Letter No. 59, "Dr. Houston is the son of the Houston
you sold your farm to, in Colbat's reserve. . . .the match was made up
in Alabama; he appears to be a decent smart man, and I hope all
wUl be for the best." On the same day of the marriage they set out
for Florence, Ala., accompanied by her brother, Augustus M. Weyman.
Mary EUzabeth and Dr. Houston had: (a) A. W. (Gus), state senator;
m. SaUy Moore, of La., parents of Augustus W. (of New York), and
Elizabeth (of San Antonio); (b) Reagan, m. Mattie Green, dau. of
Judge Nathan Green (Lebanon, Tenn.); parents of 9 ch., of whom:
Reagan, Jr.; (c) Joe W., whose dau. GrlzeUe, m. Harold Lamb (Salt
Lake City), and whose son Bryan, Uved in Pasadena, Cal.; (d) Bryan;
(e) Josephine, m. Thomas C. Frost; and (f) Routez, m. R. B. Minor,
judge: P. Dr. and Mrs. Houston and Routez, arrived in San Antonio
from Alabama, Nov. 31, 1851. "Dr. Houston took his farnUy to then-
new home on the Cibolo, Saturday, the 3rd of January 1852/' sayts
Mrs. Maverick in her Notebook,
FROST
Thomas Claybome Frost was bom in Belfont county, Alabama,
December 31, 1833. His father was Thomas Frost, of Jackson coun-
ty, Ala., a son of Dr. Joseph Frost; his mother was Crissy Price,
daughter of Reuben Price and Dorothy Cody. Thomas C. Frost, af-
ter graduating at Irving College, in 1853, located near McMinviUe,
Tenn. He took first honoris in his class, and was awarded a profes-
sorship in Latin the same year, 1853. In December, 1854, he came to
Texas and was made professor of Latin at Austin CoUege at Hunts-
viUe. At the same time he read law in the offices of Judge Yoakum
and Governor Sam Houston. In 1856, under their advice, he moved to
Comanche County, where he practiced law until the outbreak of the
CicU War. During his residence here, the border was Infested with
Indians and marauders. He was made Captain of a company of
Rangers for the protection of the people on the border. He served as
a member of the secession convention which met in Austin, 1861. In
the beginning of the war he became Colonel of the First Mounted
Rifles, which position he held untU the close of the war. Subsequent
to the declaration of peace, having lost aU his accumulations, and un-
able to practice law on account of the oath required, he embarked in
a commercial enterprise. Securing a train of wagon teams, he con-
ducted a business of hauling freight between San Antonio and the
coast, Messrs. Frost and Brother (Thomas C. and John M. Frost), be-
gan business in San Antonio in 1865. The firm of "Fitch, Frost and
Bro.", Auction and Commission Merchants, was also estabUshed in San
ANGLO-AMERICANS 283
Antonio. The Frosts' early establishment was on North Flores St., ad-
joining the Gentilz residence. The site of the old "Buffalo Camp Yard
Store," (see the water color by Gentilz) was one of the first to be
improved by Colonel Frost in San Antonio. In 1868 Colonel Frost open-
ed the general merchandise store on Main Plaza, in the old Trevino
home, site of the present Frost National Bank Bldg. The dry goods
department of Frost & Bro. was eventuaUy taken over by John K.
Beretta, who later opened a bank at Laredo, and became interested
in the international bridge there; and who, today, is the president bf
the National Bank of Commerce. The Frost brothers next specialized
in wool, principaUy as commission merchants, and in course of time
practicaUy controUed the wool busmess in this district. Colonel Frost's
success, and the confidence of the people in him was such that he
eventuaUy entered the banking business In which his talents were af-
forded wider scope and activity. November 30, 1892, Thomas C. Frost
purchased the banking business of Messrs. Thornton, Wright & Co, "His
name at home and throughout West and Southwest Texas has always
stood for rare business abiUty and integrity," says the S, A. Express
of Nov. 27, 1903 at the time of his death.
Thomas Claybome Frost m. 1st, Nov. 30, 1858, at Belton, Texas,
Mrs. Betty Eastland Roberts (she d. in San Antonio in 1873), and
they had several chUdren who died young, and a daughter Lula, who
married in 1885, Josiah Townsend WoodhuU, of Long Island (son of
Josiah and Martha Jones), parents of Frost, formerly County Julge;
Townsend; and Josephine, who married an officer in the army.
Thomas C. Frost m. 2nd, Dec. 31, 1878 (St. Mark's Church), Josephine
Houston (above), by whom: (1) Tom, Jr. (m. LiUy Beal); (2) Joseph
Hardin, Pres. of the Frost National Bank, m. 1st Eda Kampmann, by
whom: John and Joe; he m. 2nd, JuUa King, wid. of Samuel Gleaves
(by whom she was mother of Ann, m. Francis Drought, and JuUa);
(3) John (m. Betty Green Houston, wid. of Capt. HoUiday); and (4)
Lucy, who m. Dr. Ferdinand P. Herff.
I. Samuel Augustus Maverick, son of Sam and EUzabeth Ander-
son, was b. July 23, 1803, at Pendleton, S. C ; he received an unusruaUy
good education at home; then studied law under Henry St. George
Tucker at Winchester, Va.; was admitted to the bar of S. C. after ex-
amination at Columbia, S. C, May 6, 1829; graduated from Yale. Dur-
ing his joumeyings to and from Yale, he made the acquaintance of
one destined to be for long years his friend and neighbor, and to fol-
low him to the tomb at an interval of but 13 days. This was WiUiam
B. Jaques. In 1829 he was defeated, as one of eight candidates for the
legislature, the highest receiving 2,386 votes, agamst Maverick's 1,628.
He was opposed to nullification, so left S. C. In 1833 he was at Cherokee
Nation, Scudder's P. O. on Federal Reserve; and in Augusta, Ga., for
the purpose of attending to land transactions and loans, connected
with family properties. The foUowmg year he was in Lauderdale
County, Ala.
On March 16, 1835, Samuel A, Maverick left his new home (Lauder-
dale Co., Ala.), proceeding by steamer Miner, to New Orleans, where
he arrived on the 26. On AprU 16, he proceeded to Texas with the
Brig Henry, via BoUvar Point and Galveston. On the 21st, they anchor-
ed at Velasco, at the mouth of the Brazos, arriving at Brazoria on
the 29th. Mr. Maverck continued his voyage on horseback (May 4),
leaving Matagorda on the 12th, and arriving at Coxe's Point (via
Casey's Ferry, Augusta on Colorado, Francis Keller's Camp and EUdn's)
where he purchased, May 20, the individual half interest, with Mr. P.
E. Cocke, of the property of Thomas Coxe, for the sum, of $3,200.00.
By August 4, Mr. Maverick had arrived at San FeUpe (via White Sul-
phur Springs, Fort Bend, Columbia, Brazoria, Velasco, Quintana and
the McNeil's estate). He then proceed to Gonzales and on September
5, left that place for Bexar (via Judge WiUiams, the Cibolo and Salado
Creek). He arrived in San Antonio de Bexar on Sep. 8, 1835, in due
time to witness the Grand Independence Celebration, on the 16th.
According to the Head Rights, Samuel A. Maverick "emigrated to
Texas in 1835, was a single man at the date of the declaration of In-
dependence, and contributed to the defense of the country..." There
were four witnesses who testified in his behalf: Wm. R. Hensley, John
W. Smith, James CampbeU, and George C. Hatch; James CampbeU
having emigrated to Texas previous to May, 1835, and married when
testimony was given, March 1, 1838 (I, 60).
Mr. Maverick was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He
received eleven votes, of a total of 198, at Bexar elections, February 2,
1836; while other Americans were J. B. Badgett, who recived 4; J. B.
Bonham, 18; Jamison, 1; and Dr. PoUard, 2, according to the Libro
Registro, B. A.
After the Battle of San Jacinto, when Texas was made more secure
for American famUies, Mr. Maverick retumed to Alabama, where, on
Thursday, August 4, 1836, he married Mary Ann Adams, at her widow-
ed mother's home and plantation, three mUes north of Tuskaloosa.
Mary Ann Adams, born March 16, 1818, Tuskaloosa County, Ala.,
was the daughter of William Lewis Adams and Agatha Strother Lewis.
William Lewis Adams was the son of Capt. Robert Adams of Mass.,
and Mary Lynch of Lynchburg, Va., dau. of Charles and Sarah Clark,
dau. of Christopher. Agatha Strother Lewis was the daughter of Wil-
liam Lewis and Lucy, (daughter of John Madison and Agatha Strother),
his 1st wife; his 2nd wife being Nancy McClenahan, by whom he had
Anne Madison, wife of John Bradley. General WiUiam Lewis was the
son of General Andrew Lewis, who emigrated to America with his pa-
rents, John Lewis and Margaret Lynn, and lived in Botetourt County,
Va., on Roanoke river, by his wife Elizabeth Givens of Augusta Co.,
Va. General John W. Lewis, brother of Mrs. Bradley, moved to Texas
in 1842.
Mr. Maverick and his bride returned to San Antonio in 1838. On
the way they met Don Jose Cassiano at his ranch, who offered them
his house until they might secure one of their own. In this house on
Main Plaza, with Dolores St. to the south, WiUiam Adams, Mrs. Mave-
ANGLO-AMERICANS 285
rick's brother, kept a store; he had Uquidated his possessions in Tuska-

loosa, and bought goods and brought them out to San Antonio as a
merchant. The Mavericks Uved in the Cassiano home untU September
1, 1838, when they moved into a house north of, and adjoining the
historic Veramendi house. This property they rented from the Huizar
family. Early in February, 1839, they moved into their own home, at
the NE cor. of Commerce and Soledad Sts., on the Plaza, at the site
of the present Kampmann Bldg. The main house was of stone, and
had three rooms, one fronting S. on Main St., and W. on Soledad St.;
also a shed in the yard along the E. wall of the house towards the
N. end. This shed they closed in with an adobe waU, and divided it in-
to a kitchen and servant's room. They also built an adobe servant's
room on Soledad St., leaving a gateway between it and the main
house; and a stable near the river. A strong but homely picket fence
was placed around the garden to the N. and fence around the garden
to the N. and fenced the garden off from the yard. In the garden
were 16 large fig trees and many rows of old pomegranites. In the
yard were several China trees, and on the river bank just below their
Une in the De La Zerda premises, their neighbors on the E., was a
grand old cypress, which they could touch through their fence; its
roots made ridges in their yard. In 1840 the De La Zerda place was
leased to a Greek, called Roque Catahdie, who kept a shop on the
street and Uved in the rear of the house. He married a pretty, bright-
eyed Mexican girl 14 years of age, dressed her in jewelry and fine
clothes, and bought her a dilapidated piano, which was the attrac-
tion of the town. Their neighbors on the N., on Soledad St., were Dona
Juana Varcinez and her son, Leonicio. When the Mavericks were away
at the coast in 1847, it seems that Sam S. Smith purchased the place
and subsequently Uved there. It was from this home on the Plaza
that Mr. Maverick led the Americans in their attack on the approach-
ing Mexicans under General WoU in 1842; whUe Antonio Menchaca
led the Mexicans, stationed in the old Municipal HaU, at the comer of
Market St., and the Plaza.
In July, 1849, the Mavericks moved to their weU known home on
Alamo Plaza, at Houston St., where the Gibbs Bldg. now stands. In
a Note Book among the Maverick Papers, is the following entry:
"Schmidt commenced building our Alamo house, under the big pecan,
early in July (1850), a stone house two rooms above and two below,
good sized and airy. September 19th, Bombre, with his men have come
this evening to begin the carpenter work. As it stands, the stone, lime,
mortar, dirt and buUding cost $725.00."
Mr. Maverick was mayor of the City of San Antonio from January
8, 1839 to January 8, 1840, with Aldermen: Jose Cassiano, Vicente Gar-
za, Francisco A. Ruiz, Domingo BustiUo, John W. Smith, Manuel Perez,
George Dolson, and Luciano Navarro.
Samuel Augustus Maverick's character is weU described by his
father who wrote in 1842 (Letter No. 47), "It seems to me that your
best policy has ever been and is now, the WiUiam P e n n . . . poUey to
be honest and to treat the Comanches and other Indians with per-
feet justice. You wUl have to act in the defensive rather than the
offensive way. Your lands wiU attract emigrants and you wUl grow
stronger every day."
The city of San Antonio, today, enjoys monuments of Mr. Mave-
rick's generosity. He gave parks; the first contributions to charity
and reUgious causes were from him; he gave the use of a lot for the
first Literary Society, and donated many books. All that he did, he
did in confidence, and much that he did, we shaU never know.
Samuel Augustus Maverick died in San Antonio, September 2,
1870. In his Eulogy, Dr. Cupples said of him: Samuel Maverick was
truthful to a punctUio and no one can say that he ever used equivocal
language, and his sincerity was testified to by the confidence he
commended from all who knew him. Prudent and considerate, he
never said of the absent one word, which uttered in their presence,
could have wounded or*pained them. Modest and retiring to a fault he
ever manifested that forgetfulness of his own comfort and convenience
which is the true test of good breeding. He was frugal and unostent-
atious in his habits, and he carried into practice his phUosophic scorn
of the gewgaws of fashion and of display."
"To the inheritors of his name he has bequeathed a heritage
richer than broad lands, more precious than fine gold—the name of
a just, an upright and a conscientious man, of one who never com-
promised with his convictions, who never bowed the knee to expedience.
His name has long been a synonym for honor, integrity and truth."
Mrs. Maverick made drawings of the San Fernando parish church,
and of the San Antonio de Valero Mission, which she sent to the old
home in Carolina. Samuel Maverick, the father, sent his son in
Texas, a daguerreotype of himself, in exchange for these drawings (let-
ters of Feb. 24, 1848 and March 17, 1848). Mrs. Maverick's Memoirs
are a contribution to early San Antonio history. She died February 24,
1898.366
Samuel Augustus and Mary A. j Augustus, d. y.
5 George Madison, b. Sept. 7, 1845, Ma-
tiad: tagorda, Texas ; q. s.
1 Samuel, b. May 14, 1837, at Pandle- 6 Willie Harvey, b . D e c . 24 1847; m.
ton S C ; q s. Emme Virginia Chilton, daughter of
2 Lewis Antonio,* b. in San Antonio, May General Robert
she w a s an
H. Chilton of Virginia;
23, 1839; m. Ada Bradley, his cousin: man the
unusually beautiful wo-
S. P . ; he d. June 16, 1866; she m. 2nd, : y *>*&:
Jacob Frederick Waelder (see Bradley). i William Chilton, m. Grace Fox,
3 Agatha, d. y. of Philadelphia.
366 Cresswell. Beatrix F., "The Mavericks of Devonshire and Massachusetts," Exeter,
Eng., 1929, written for Robert Van W. Maverick, in commemoration of the tercentenary
of John Maverick's arrival in Mass., 1630-1930.
"Boston Evening Transcript, Mon., Apr. 15, 1929, authority, Clapp; "New England His-
torical and Genealogical Register"; Rowell, Miss., Genealogical Library, Los Angeles, Cal.,
Notes, compiled June 26, 1923, for Mrs. M. V. Maverick; South Carolina "Historical Society
Collections; The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography," New York, 1896; "Maverick
Papers," the University of Texas; Maverick, George M., Letter to the Editor of the St. Louis
"Republic," Nov. 16, 1899; reprint thereof, "Ye Maverick, authentic account of the term
Maverick as applied to Unbranded Cattle, preserved in the interest of Mr. Maverick's descend-
ants and in the interest of truth," which reprint includes letter, Nov. 19, from Dallas. Tex.,
to the Ed. of the "Republic" ; by John Henry Brown; and note by Geo. M. Maverick, San
Antonio, April, 1905. Maverick. Mrs. "Memoirs": Bexar Archives; Spanish Archives; Cas-
taneda and Chabot "Early Texas Album"; Richardson, Rev. Walter R., "In Memory of Mrs.
Mary A. Maverick"; Maverick Family Bible; and Chabot, "Alamo, Altar of Texas Liberty."
106-125.
1
-
ANGLO-AMERICANS 287
ii Lewis, m. Ada Robards: a Rena, b. Sept. 29, 1930.

a Lewis. iii Mary Vance, m. Aug. 31, 1930,
b Ada, m. Lt. James Jameson. Waldron Everett Blanke (Green-
c Helen, wich, Conn.)
iii Laura Wise, m. 1st, Amos Graves: iv Rowena Robert.
a Amos, Jr., m, 2 Lola, b. Nov. 14, 1875; m. William
b Laura, m. 1st, Capt. Rattie; m. Bross Lloyd (Illinois).
m. 2nd, in Greece, i Jessie Bross.
iv Robert Van Wyck, secretary in ii Mary Maverick,
the diplomatic service of the iii William Bross, J r .
United -States; m. 1st, Laura iv Georgia.
Grice: 3 George, b. Apr. 16, 1880; m. 1st, Lau-
a Laura, m. Richard Gaines: ra Blocker (John and Annie L a n e ) :
Laura and John. 1 Anne,
b Robert. m. 2nd, Glenn Worthington, nee Scanlin,
c William H. wid. of Gustave Worthington (by
d Jean, whom: Glenn, Virginia, and Gustave,
m. 2nd. Stella (Fred Cook and Jr.):
Minnie Kalteyer), wid. of John i Mary.
Cutrer, by whom she had twins: After Georges d., the wid. m. King B.
John and Stella Cutrer. Key.
v Augustus, m. Elizabeth. 4 Lucy Madison, b. Jan. 5, 1883; artist.
a Vienna. 5 Augusta Lewis, b. June 24, 1885; m.
b Augusta. Nicholas Kelley (New York):
7 John Hays, d. y. i Nicholas, Jr.
8 Mary Brown, b. June 17, 1851; m. ii Florence,
August 17, 1874, Edwin H. Terrell, iii Augustus.
of Indianapolis, Ind., Minister to Bel- 6 Lewis Adams, b. June 11. 1891; m.
gium ; brother of Colonel Terrell: 1st, Jennie Byrd Rousseau: S. P . ; and
i Maverick, b. June 12, 1875; m. m. 2nd, Pirie Davidson (California.):
1st: Mary and Ruth; m. 2nd. i Janet.
ii George Holland, b. Oct. 1, 1877: ii Andrew Lewis.
a daughter (in Seattle), iii George Vance, b. 1929.
iii Edwin H., d- y.
iv Martha, m. Richard Miller: VANCE
a Richard, J r . (Seattle),
v Lewis. John Vance and his wife Mar-
vi Mary, m. Mr. Giesting:
a Nancy, tha Davis, from Strabane, Ireland,
vii Dorothy.
Mr. Edwin H. Terrel m. 2nd. Miss
settled in New York City. They
Lassiter, and they had a son, had three sons and one daughter:
Lassiter. James, WUUam, John and Martha.
9 Albert, b. May 7. 1854; q. «s.
Et. Samuel (1), m. SaUy Frost, sis- The sons were merchant taUors in
ter of T. C. Frost, above: New York, then in New Orleans.
1 Sam Augustus, b. Sept. 2, 1872; m. WUliam came to San Antonio from
Frances Cure (Galveston): Little Rock, Ark. James and John
i Frankie.
ii Sam. came to San Antonio later, in
2 John Frost, b. March 23, 1874; m.
Ann Luth (Galveston): about 1848.
i John,
ii Lawson. James m. Sarah Grey of N. Y.;
ii Ann Luth.
i Mary.
their daughter Mary m. Thomas
3 Mary Agatha, b. Sept. 12, 1875; m. E. HaU of N. O. Their son WUUam
O. Sammons (Austin): m. Annie Bumey; their daughter
i Edward House.
ii John Maverick, m. Etta Martin. Mary Eugenia, b. in Paris, m. Mr.
4 Sally, b. Aug. 20, 1877; m. A. A. Gray.
5 Elizabeth G., d. y. Wmslow, and Uved in the old
6 Emily Virginia, m. Edmund Thornton
Miller (Austin):
homestead on the S. side of Nue-
i Emily Maverick. va St., at Dwyer Ave. A son James,
ii Edmund Thornton, J r .
iii Mary. brother of Mrs. Winslow, d. y.
7 Georgia, m. Eugene Alden Harris. William m. Frances Tabor; they
H. George Madison (5), m. Mary had: James MUton (m. Mary To-
Vance: bin) ; Frances (m. Dr. John Rice,
1 Mary Rowena, b. Feb. 10, 1874; m. of Mo.); Ida (m. Harvey Skinner);
Robert B. Green, judge:
i George Maverick. and Tilly (m. Dr. John Kenney).
ii Martha Fulton; m. Oct. 11, 1929.
Edwin Houston (Reagan and John Vance m. in San Antonio,
Mattie Green), living at the 1850, Rowena Baldwin, daughter
Houston ranch, at Welfare, Tex.:
of the Rev. Thomas Baldwin and tion Retums, Book I ) . Columbus

AbigaU Pollard, from Plymouth, Upson was a Democrat elector in
Vt. They were among the earliest 1876 and was elected to the 46th
settlers of t h a t part of the coun-Congress to fiU the vacancy caus-
try, of ancient EngUsh stock. John ed by the death of the Hon. G.
and Rowena had: Abby Rowena, Schleicher, and was reelected to
m. Wm. Noonan; John Thomas; the 47th Congress. He resumed the
Mary EUzabeth, m. George M. practice of law and was a partner
Maverick, above; Sarah; Edwin B., of the firm of Waelder and Upson.
m. Mary Stewart; and James Wm., 'His greatest master piece of or-
m. Constance Thompson. atory, uttered shortly before his
death, was t h e address deUvered
Martha Vance m. Mr. Dougherty; by him on t h e occasion of the de-
their daughter Martha, adopted dication of t h e Confederate monu-
by the Vances, and called "Mar- ment in Travis Park at San Anto-
tha Vance," m. Dec. 27, 1865 (St. nio." He m. Martha D. Vance, De-
Mark's) Columbus Upson, "one of cember 27, 1865; they had: James
Texas' and San Antonio's most V., George, and Lee, who m. Mr.
briUiant, brainy, and honorable Palfrey, parents of Frank. The
m e n . . . He was a gifted orator, Hon. Columbus Upson d. February
whose voice thrUled many a u - 8, 1902.
diences on different occasions on
the hustings in the courts, and n . Albert Maverick (9), b. May 7,
the halls of Congress. He was b. 1854; m. March 20. 1877, Jane
Lewis Maury, daughter of Jessie
in Onondaga Co., N. Y., Oct. 7,
Lewis Maury and Lucy Price of
1829; educated in WiUiams Col-
Fauquier Co., Va., who resided at
lege, Mass.; admitted t o the bar
his father's (Reuben Maury, m.
in Syracuse, 1851; came to Texas Elizabeth, daughter of Jesse Pit-
in 1854, landing at Galveston, man Lewis, son of John, son of
thence to Austin. He accompanied, David, son of John Lewis, who d. in
as the guest of its owner, a wagon Hanover Co., Va., 1726) old home-
train, carrying merchandise from stead. Piedmont, near the Univer-
San Antonio to El Paso. When sity of Virginia. Jane Lewis Maury's
one of t h e teamsters deserted brother m. EUzabeth Stribling, sis-
where no substitute could be ob- ter of Ben, whose daughter are
tained he pluckily volunteered to well known in San Antonio t o -
take the deserter's place and drove day. Her sister m. the Hon. James
its ox team a distance of 700 L. Slayden. Albert and Jane h a d :
mUes." He served in the Confeder-
ate Army as a volunteer with the 1 Jessie, b. Dec. 27, 1877; m. James S.
McNeel: 6 ch.
rank of Colonel, on the staff cf 2 Agatha, b. Bandera, Dec. 9, 1879; m.
N. J. Welsh, of N. Y.: 8 ch.
Gen. W. H. C. Whiting. He was a p - 3 Ellen b. San Antonio, Dec. 2, 1881; m.
pointed Associate Justice of Ariz- Louis A. Wright, of N. Y.: one
daughter.
ona in 1862. He was defeated by 4 Albert, b. Virginia, Aug. 14, 1883; m.
Gustavus Schleicher for the Sen- Lilian Williams, of N. M.: 5 ch.
5 Reuben, d.: S. A.
ate, 1859, when Jacob Frederick 6 Phillip, b. Jan- 2, 1887; m. Jean
Evans, of Mich.: 2 ch.
Waelder defeated T. T. Teel (who 7 Virginia, b. March 3, 1889; m. Mur-
m. Emily F. Wynans) as Repre- ray S. Crosette, of Chicago; 5 ch.
8 James Slayden, b. Dec. 27, 1890; m.
sentative from the 71st Repre- Hazel Davis: one daughter.
sentative District (Record of Elec- 9 Mary ("Maix"), m. 2nd, Robert Mc-
ANGLO-AMERICANS 289
Garraugh of Ohio: 2 ch she had no United S t a t e s Congress a n d Was

ch. by the 1st m., and adopted a boy. . -««- « j~,
10 George Madison, b. Dec. 11, 1893; m. S W O m m J a n u a r y , 1 9 3 5 . AS C o n -
ii Sntei^Maury3, t s. gressman during the 74th Con-
IH. Fointaine Maury, b. Oct. 23, S r e s s h e attained national pro-
1895; m. Terrel Dobbs: 2 ch. minence as a leader in the fight
for civil a n d
"Maury, youngest of eleven chil- religious Uberties.
dren of Albert Maverick, was a Besides this Maury has taken an
soldier in the war with Germany, active part in conservation, in-
and was wounded in action. He re- eluding leadership in the Tennes-
turned to San Antonio and then see Valley Authority extension, al-
so
at the age of 23 was made pres- taking part in maintaining
ident of the Bar Association, world peace; his activity being
Later, however, he discontinued his along the Une of investigation in
law practice and went into the munitions, taking the profits out
of wa
lumber busmess. He at all times r , and neutraUty." Maury is
now
took an active part in politics, serving a second term in the
and haying been elected tax col- House of Representatives, Wash-
lector twice, was elected to the ington, D. C.
JAQUES
I. William Budd Jacques, associated with Mr. Vanderbilt in busi-
ness, removed from New Jersey to Mexico, where he operated a stage
coach system between Mexico City and Veracruz. According to family
tradition, he came to San Antonio in 1836. He himself respectfully set
forth (District Court Records, Book A, 1839, John W. Smith, Dep. Clk.)
that sometime in the month of February 1838, he was employed to
bring to Texas certain goods, wares, and merchandise from the town
of Grand Gulf in the State of Mississippi, which goods belonged to the
firm of Jaques & Browning, formerly of the said town of Grand Gulf.
Lewis Jaques was a member of that firm. WiUiam Jaques also operated
a stage coach line between San Antonio and Mexico. According to the
land, October 12, 1838, when he "presented a document from the Board
testimony of WilUam P. Delmour, Head Rights, I, 136, Mr. Jaques ar-
rived in Texas previous to October 1, 1837. He applied for 1,280 A. of
of Land Commissioners for the County of Brazoria, and a certificate
from the Chief Justice of the same, setting forth his arrival in the
country and that he was then a married man."
"He narrowly escaped death at the hands of General Woll in
1842, who held him a prisoner until he was released at the instance
of Colonel Carasco and other Mexican officers who had known him in
Mexico. Though never in the army, he was patriotic and honest, never
taking advantage of anyone." The Jaques' house "was ever opened as
a refuge for all who were active in defending Texas from Mexican in-
vasion," says the writer of the biography in the Encyclopaedia of the
New West, p. 339. The same writer informs us that William B. Jaques
was the son of Richard Jaques.
William Budd Jaques married Catherine Louise Bown, a descend-
ant, according to family tradition, of "Ready Money Provost" of New
Jersey. During the summer of 1839, and before June 16, the Jaques
arrived in San Antonio with two little girls, one of whom died the
same year. They came to San Antonio from Mexico, where it was be-
lieved Mr. Jaques had made and lost a fortune. He and Rivas re-
fused appointment as aldermen, March 11, 1841. Mr. Jaques served as
alderman from January 1, 1846-1847; 1846-65; and in 1866, when he
was reinstated by Leg. Act. After purchasing a ranch on the Medina,
Mr. Jaques spent most of his time in the country. He died in San
Antonio, 12:05 P. M., Sep. 15, 1870, and was interred in the San Fer-
nando Cemetery the 2nd day after his death, 22 days before complet-
ing his 72 year of age.
Mrs. Jaques was very kind, hospitable, and indeed a pleasant
woman. She was an excellent nurse, and was very popular with the
gentlemen in the community. "So great were her charities in her
visits to the sick and dying, that she was called the mother of the
poor." In 1841 she started a boarding house in the Yturri property
on Commerce and Yturri Sts. All of the nice young Americans were
glad to have such an opportunity for home life. "On Eastem Sunday
of this year," says Mrs. Maverick in her Memoirs, "she invited all the
American families, and many young gentlemen to dine with her. She
served her dinner at the long room. The dinner was simply elegant,
the company large and lively and we all enjoyed the day very much.
In the afternoon we promenaded up Soledad St., in a gay and happy
throng." Mrs. Catherine L. Jaques purchased the old Trevino property
on Soledad St., Feb. 14, 1844; the deed was from Francisco Trevino and
Anavato and Maria J. Martinez. This old two-story house was de-
molished to open Travis St., across the river. Mrs. Jaques died Sep-
tember 8, 1866 (at 9:10 P. M.), of cholera, while nursing patients af-
flicted with the same disease; and was interred in San Fernando
Cemetery the following day, 2 days before completing her 59th year
of age.
MR. AND MRS. JAQUES

ANGLO-AMERICANS 291
there during t h e first Carlist War

William Budd Jaques and his in 1836. He afterwards returned t o
wife Catherine L. had: Paris where he met Henri Castro
1 Lauretta Allice, q. s.
2 Adellia Josephine, b. in the City of
who induced him to emigrate t o
Mexico, March 31, 1837; d. in San Texas. It was Dr. Cupples who all
Antonio in 1839; buried in San Fer-
nando parish church, Oct. 12, 1839, unwittingly, located the present
where the tombstone is still to be seen, town of CastroviUe," says Mrs.
"Maria de la Concepciion Josef ina
Adelida." Only two other tombstones Wright (San Antonio de Bexar, p.
are still to be seen in the Cathedral: 103). When Castro departed late
that of Dona Maria Gertrudis Peres,
wife of D, J . Caciano, d. Sep. 16, 1833, in the autumn of '44, he transfer-
aged 38 years; and that of Eugenio
Navarro, d. May 6, 1838, aged 34 red authority to Louis Huth and
years, 5 months, and 21 days. Dr. Cupples, "the Scotchman who
II. Lauretta Allice (1) Lagrave, b. had come over with the colonists,
in New York City, Nov. 13, 1833; and was one of the stays of the
baptised by the rector of St. Mat- undertaking," adds Mrs. JuUa N.
Waugh (Castro-Ville and Henry
thew's Church, Jersey City, J a n -
Castro, Empresario, p. 28). He d.
uary 1835, with sponsors, John J.
4: A. M., Apr. 19, 1895, aged 79
and Laura S. Lagrave; graduated
years, 6 months and 6 days. By
from Mrs. GardelU's school in the 1st m.:
PhUadelphia, 1851; m. 1st, by the
Rev. C. F. Rottenstein of the Pro- 1 William Daniel, b. at San Antonio,
testant Episcopal Church, on the May 11, 1854; and d. Dec. 31. the
same year.
evening of Sep. 15, 1853, John 2 Julia Kate Laura, q. s.
Stanislaus Sheahan, son of Daniel i n . Julia Kate Laura (2), b. San
and Julia, b. in Cork, Ireland,, Antonio, 1: A. M., Thurs., Sep. 6,
Aug. 15, 1825; d. at Greytown, Mas- 1855; m. by Bishop Neraz, in San
quito Territory, Central America, Fernando Church, July 11, 1882,
on the morning of Tuesday, March William Stanislaus Lambkin, b.
31, 1857, aged 31 years, 7 months Dec. 12, 1858, son of Robert Lamb-
and 16 days, and was buried the kin and Margaret Sheahan, both
same day in the Burial Ground of Cork, Ireland. They had:
attached to the English Church at 1 Margaret, d. y.
t h a t place; his certificate of Amer- 2 George Cupples, b. March 28, 1885;
m. in San Feranndo Cathedral, Sep.
ican citizenship, signed by John M. 21, 1912, Carmen Cobb, of Brownsville:
(i) George C , Jr., b. Feb. 21, 1913; and
Carolan, Clerk, District Court, (ii) William Ray, b. March 5, 1917.
Bexar County, is dated April 25, 3 John Sheahan.
1851; he was chief clerk in the 4 Catherine Margaret, m. Allan Ray
Cross (James McK. and Agnes Bock):
quartermaster's department in San (i) Allan Ray, Jr., and (ii) James
Vicent.
Antonio. She m. 2nd, Thursday 5 Laura Lagrave.
evening (by Bishop Neraz), July 6 Bertram Robert, m. Bessie Deveney.
18, 1874, Dr. George Cupples, an 7 Thomas Vivian, m. Alma Rohde: (i)
Thomas William.
important member of the Castro The writer is obliged to the Lambkin
Colony, 1844, "who had served as family for the use of their family bibles
and other records in compiling this sketch.
Staff Assistant Surgeon to the They have in their possession several
British Legion in Spain, going ancestral portraits, including Mr. and
Mrs. Jaques', and Dr. Cupples'.
ELLIOT
WiUiam EUiot, native of Ireland, CathoUc, was born in 1799. His
father was a merchant. WiUiam EUiot served as apprentice for seven
years in a mercantile house in Dublin, and came to America in 1820.
He was interested in mines in Mexico and was in busmess in Matamo-
ros in 1836. He married, 1835, Eleanor ConnaUy (she d. in San Anto-
nio, August 27, 1885). In the latter part of August, 1839, Mr. EUiot, his
wife and two chUdren, Mary and BUly, arrived in San Antonio. Mr.
ElUot was described as being a very handsome man. They purchased
a house on the west side of Soledad St., opposite the north end of the
Mavericks' garden. Mr. ElUot went into busmess, and was first a part-
ner with Edward Dwyer, their place of business being in the old Howard
block, just opposite the Court House on Soledad St. Mr. ElUot d. in
New Orleans, May 12, 1847. He was there to purchase dry goods and
suppUes for the business. It was there, indeed, that he had met his
wife, whose father was a wholesale merchant, also of Irish descent.
Mrs. EUiot had returned to New Orleans to visit her parents when Mr.
Elliot first decided to settle in San Antonio. She said she would not
come and live here until she had her own comfortable home. So Mr.
Elliot arranged with Peter GaUagher, and brought him out, to buUd
a house. On the same boat were Messrs. GUbeau, CaUaghan, John
Carolan, and Fisk. This party was made up in New Orleans and after
a sufficient number had taken passage, the boat saUed for Port Lavaca.
The ElUot home was built on Soledad St. It had a board floor,
glassed windows, the panes were imported of course, and a chimney.
Mrs. Howard always told that this was the first house in San An-
tonio to have such "modem improvements." With her home, Mrs. El-
Uot desiired servants; so she proposed the purchase of some slaves,
but her husband said that he could not own any human flesh and
blood, and refused to buy any for her. She saved her spending money,
however, purchased her own slaves in New Orleans, and brought them
out to Texas. In later years, the ElUots bought the home on Dwyer
Avenue, or Quinta St., backing on the river.
According to what Mrs. Howard told, twelve days after Christmas
they celebrated "King's Day," by electing not one, but two kings, and
in the evening a baU was held. Once, Samuel Maverick and John Con-
naUy were elected kings. As Mrs. Maverick's home was the larger, the
King's Ball was held there. They arranged for ice cream, very Ukely
the first time that it was served in the community, by improvising a tin
can as a freezer, and other necessities. As the year was unusually cold,
there was plenty of ice. Mrs. Maverick tells us in her Memoirs, p. 22,
that early in February, 1839, there was heavy snow, which drifted in
some places to a depth of two feet, and which lasted 5 or 6 days on
the north side of the house. "Anthony Lockmar rigged up a sleigh
and took some girls riding up and down Soledad St." Mrs. EUiot made
the King's cake, a taU pyramid. The old-timers were very much amus-
ANGLO-AMERICANS 293
ed; many famUies gather around, in curiosity, to witness such novel

proceedings, some taking home with them, bits of this unusual cake.
Another pleasant passtime in old San Antonio was the gathering
of dewberries. Mrs. Maverick relates in her Memoirs, p. 50, "In the
spring of 1841, Mrs. EUiot and I set out up the river to gather dew-
berries. They grew in great abundance where the Ursuline Convent
now stands (then a wild-wood). Mr. ElUott sent his two clerks, Peter
GaUagher and John ConnaUy, Mrs. EUiot's brother, along, they being
weU armed. We with my son Sam and BiUy EUiot and the two nurses
Rachael and JuUa, took our buckets and started up directly after
dinner."
WUliam and Eleanor had:
1 Mary, m. Russell Howard, brother of Volney Howard, who represented this district at
Congress of the Republic of Texas; and who m. a Miss Gooch; theyN had ch. who lived in
California. Another brother, Richard Howard, m. 1st, Mary Evans: S.> P . ; and m. 2nd, and
was living in N. O. Mrs. Howard lived in her parents' 1 old homestead, which is still stand
ing, hidden away by more modern structures, at the NE cor. of Dwyer Ave. and Nueva St.,
Dn the river. She had beautiful furnishings and old paintings, and just previous to her death,
distributed most of what she had, to her friends. A nephew, living away from San Antonio,
eery probably inherited the family portraits. Mrs. Goggan had a picture of Mrs. Elliot;
and Mrs. Conroy had one of Peter GaUagher.
2 William, d. 1889: m. Katherine Richey; they h a d : (i) William, m. Eloise Foster, of N .
Y.: Mary Charlotte Elliot (living in Baltimore) ; (ii) Katherine, m. a n Adams of N. O . ; and
(iii) Eleanor, lived in N. Y.
3 John B., served in the Confederate Army; d. 1864, at Brownsville.
BRADLEY
The name Bradley dates back to the fading years of the 10th century. The family was
originally from Fin gundy. In the year 1000 A. D., they were titled, but later, during tha
intrigues of the Capetian Dynasty, they became pauperized. They were a proud and liberty-
loving race, and went with William the Conqueror to England. He enobled them and gave
them many valuable possessions. The head of the house was Sir William Bradley. During
the reign of Queen Elizabeth, the Bradleys again became involved in political intrigues, and
were expelled from England, when some went to Scotland, others to America, settling in Mary-
land, but subsequently moving to what is now Washington county, Virginia.
Elizabeth, daughter of John Bradley, of Bradley county. L a n e , was wife of William
Stone, who came to Virginia in 1633, or possibly at an easier date. He was governor of a
Non-Conformist colony in Maryland ("Va. Magazine of Hist, and Biog.," I l l , 272-273).
Anne Bradley, alias Brockhull. was a cousin of William Cattlett, gentleman, ofi Sitting-
bourne, County of Kent, brother of John, who appears to have been the grandfather of John
Caltlett of Virginia. Wm. Cattlett's will is dated March 15, 1646-7 ("Ibid.," XXIII, 381-382).
The Bradley family were among the first settlers of Old Somerset on the eastern shore
of Maryland, prior to the creation of Somerset County in August, 1666 (Torrence, "Old
Somerset").
Captain "Bradly", who carried tobacco between England and Virginia and Maryland,
was frequently mentioned in the correspondence of William Byrd. In 1688 he wrote to
North that "most of this relating to Bradly hath (as justly it might) given distaste t o
several of your friends here, and I did promise them to give you an account thereof, for
though men may be somewhat behind hand yet they do not desire such as Bradly with a
supercilious magisterial gravity, to throw out hints and short sentences to blast their re-
putations." In 1686 Charles Harris was attorney for Robert Bradley, probably a brother of
Capt. William Bradly ("Va. Mag.," XXIV, 227; XXV. 418; and XVI. 21).
James Bradley, of the branch of Ann Arundel County, Maryland, was father of John
Bradley of Augusta County, Virginia, where he resided prior to May, 1765. John Bradley's
name appears among the members of Captain Shelby's company a t the famous Battle of
Point Pleasant in the Great Kanawha War. The Bradley family possessed lands on Chica-
hominy Swamp, and in 1774, were petitioners for a boundary line of Henrico and Hanover
counties. Among the petitioners. May 23, 1774, were James, Joseph and Gideon Bradley, and
James Eppes, guardian for John and Dancey Bradley (Ibid., XIII, 36-37). John Bradley m.
Sarah Lillard, daughter of John (and his wife, a member of the Glassel family, of Culpepper
County), son of Moise, the Huguenot, son of Jasper, who resided near Angers, France, a
descendant of Sir Thomas Lollard, who accompanied Henry V. to France in 1415, and who
m. a French lady of gentle birth, settling at Saumur on the Loire, (Lillard, J. E. S., "Lil-
lard," 1929, p. 21). John Bradley and Sarah Lillard had James, Reuben, Abram, William,
John, Jr. and Milly.
"The Meadows," a t Abingdon, Va., was the Bradley homestead.

James Bradley m. 1st, Naomi Wells; and m. 2nd, Jeannie Colville Hays. There were 6
ch. by the 1st m . : Joshua. Frank, Sally, Susan. Naomi, and James, who moved to Alabama
in 1824 and m. Adeline Bibb, daughter of the governor; their daughter Susan Wells Brad-
ley m. Thomas White, of Abingdon, and they had a large family. Joseph C. Bradley, son of
James and Jeannie Colville Hays, also went to Alabama, and m. in Huntsville, Isabella
Martha Clark; they h a d : Susan, m. Col. G. L. Johnson; Mary. m. Capt. Stanage (parents
of James Oscar, living in Dallas, and May Belle, m. William Stanage: William and Sherman,
also living in Dallas) ; William, m. Lizzie Hughes (parents of Robert, d. 1910).; Huntsville.
Ala.; Jane, m. William H. Stanage (parents of William, Jr., m. Elaine Chismees: Susan
J a n e of Cincinnati, Ohio) : John Clarke, m. Mary Vicent (parents of Jennie Bell, m. Harry
Wendel. Washington, D. C.; Susie, m. Dr. Harrison, Chatonooga, Tenn.; and Ann. m. Mr.
Swift, Atlanta, Ga.) ; and Emily, m. William R Van Valkenburgh, Huntsville.
"Probably the most widely connected famUy of the sons of John
Bradley was that of Reuben [a personal friend of Andrew Jackson],
whose descendants are located through the country Uke churches in
France, almost everywhere. Their citizenship is of the highest, most
reputable order, their influence and helpfulness in the progress and
elevation of the country's welfare of the most serviceable kind," says
the Abingdon Virginian, of AprU 27, 1911, in an article entitled: "A
Noted Old Virginia FamUy." Reuben Bradley m. March 10, 1789,
EUzabeth Lusk, the Rev. Charles Cummings officiating. They had 8
ch.: SaUy, m. Frederick Fulkerson: 13 ch., Missouri; Margaret L., m.
1817 Thomas Fulkerson, brother-in-law: 6 ch., Mo., and Gonzales, Texas;
WiUiam L., m. Mrs. EUzabeth Nunn: Louisa (m. Mr. Pouder), and
Pauline (m. Mr. Snow, Camden, Ark., resided at Little Rock); John,
of HuntsviUe, Ala., of the firm of Bradley & Christian (his brother-in-
law), m. Anne Madison Lewis, moved to San Antonio, 1840, q. s.; Or-
lando; James L.; Robert; and Reuben.
John Bradley, who had moved from Virginia to Alabama between 1823 and 1828, married
a t Tuscumbia, Ala., Anne Madison Lewis (d. August 12, 1897, aged 91), daughter of General
William Lewis and Nancy McClenahan, who moved from Virginia to Tuscumbia. Ala., in
about 1820. General William Lewis, b. 1764, was son of General Andrew Lewis and Elizabeth
Givens, of Augusta County, Va., m. 1749. General Andrew Lewis emigrated to America
with his parents. John Lewis and Margaret L y n n ; they lived in Botetourt County. Va.. on
Roanoke River. During the French and Indian War, he was appointed Major by General
Washington; and a t the commencement of the Revolutionary War, was considered by Wash-
ington the foremost military man in America, and the one most worthy of the post of com-
mander-in-chief of the American Army. John Lewis, b. in Donegal County. Ireland, 1678.
was son of Andrew Lewis and Mary Calhoun. He was educated in Scotland, where he made
the acquaintance of Margaret Lynn, who became his wife and went with him to his native
county of Donegal, where they prospered and reared a family. She was the daughter of the
Laird of Loch Lynn, "descended from! a very distinguished old Protestant family of Scotch
Highlanders who were quite famous for their bravery and military prowess back in the early
history of Scotland, when the clans were so frequently marshalled for bloody* contest on the
moors and glens of that historic old country, where her ancestory had fought and success-
fully for their lands, their leaders and their religion. She was therefore of a stock that were
intelligent, generous, hospitable and fearless," says Van Meter in his "Genealogies and Sketches
of Some Old Families." John Lewis and his wife Margaret Lynn resided in Clonnel Castle,
with an advantageous lease hold on the estates of Clonmithgarin and Dunderry. The pro-
r r i d or, Inango Campbell, Lord of Clonmithgarin, desired to revoke the contract. Van Meter
says this wealthy Irish Lord was a Catholic, and preferred a Catholic tenant and undertook
to oust Lew ist from his lease without regard to law or justice; while Bellet states he "at-
tempted in a lawless and brutal manner to evict him from his premises, of which he held a
freehold hc-n, and had slain an invalid brother, before his eyes." John Lewis, however, did
not choose to be driven to and fro in the matter of his rightful possessions. One evening, as
was the custom of the household, when they had not gone out to evening service, John Lewis
had his family around him for prayers. As the passage "Are you come out as against a thief
with swords and stones," passed his lips, "a rude shouting was heard without. On looking to
the direction of the noise." they perceived "the drunken Lord Clonmithgarin heading an armed
force of ruffian clans. This to eject John Lewis from his rightful domains." John armed him-
self like a man, and rallied the domestics around him. Wielding right and left, first the
obnoxious noble, then his favorite Stewart were dispatched. Finally the interloppers were
dispatched. But Clonmithgarin was a man of power and weight, and the Lewis family hur-
ried from the scene of t h a t brief bloody battle. John Lewis made his escape to Portugal,
leaving his wife to settle up his business affairs in Ireland. "But after three years Marg-
aret Lewis emigrated to Philadelphia with her children, and. according to prearrangement.
ANGLO-AMERICANS 295
met her husband there in 1720. They lived in Pennsylvania for twelve years, and then re-
moved to the very frontier of Virginia in 1732. and settled on the west side of the Blue
Ridge when Augusta County comprised all that territory claimed by the British Government
west of this range of mountains and extending to the Mississippi River, comprising a con-
siderable part of what is now West Virginia, and all of Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, and
Illinois." A good friend a t the British Court, and one worthy to he entrusted. Lord Finegal.
made known the right circumstances of the affray, according to a written statement given
him by John Lewis; and witnesses thereto were a t last found and proved. "His Majesty sent
free and full pardon and also generous patents grants of land in this Eden Valley of Vir-
ginia." In 1732 John Lewis and his family established a home in the wilds of the Shenan-
doah Valley; this they called "Beverly Manor", which some called "Lewis Fort." Here John
Lewis resided for 30 years; when he died, he found a grave where he had found a home On
his tomb, two miles east of Staunton, overlooking the Lewis River, is the following inscrip-
tion:
Here lie the remains of
JOHN LEWIS
Who slew the Irish Lord, settled Augusta County,
Located the town of Staunton,
And furnished five sons to fight the battles of the
American Revolution.
He was the son of Andrew Lewis. Esq., and Mary Calhoun,
and was born in Donegal County, Ireland, 1678,
and died in Virginia, February 1, 1762.
He was a brave man, a true patriot, and a firm
friend of liberty through the world.
Mortalitate relicta vivit immortalitate inducing.
"Colonel John Lewis' will, executed Nov. 28, 1761, after expressing commendable faith
and hope for his eternal future, disposes of his large estate to his family, and then namies
his three sons (Thomas, Andrew, and William) as his executors. He was buried a t Belle-
fonte, and an enormous uncut limestone slab was placed over his grave, where it yet lies
half buried. In 1850 this was supplemented by a marble slab bearing the inscription."
Andrew Lewis was the son of William Lewis and his wife, a McClelland, of Ireland. By
some it is stated that William Lewis was one of several brothers who migrated fromi Wales,
about the middle of the 17th century; but according to the "Valley Manuscript" of Margaret
Lynn, her husband's family were Huguenots. Three brothers fled from France to England:
William, Samuel, and John. "Shortly afterwards William removed to the north of Ireland,
where he married a Miss McClelland. Samuel fixed his residence in Wales, while John con-
tinued in England. Descendants of each of these three brothers are supposed to have settled
in Virginia," says Bellet. It is suggested that the Huguenot brothers were of the family of
the Marquis de Lois, Anglicized, "Lewis."367
John Bradley and his wife Anne Madison Lewis arrived in San
Antonio in December of 1840; they spent 2 or 3 weeks with the Mave-
ricks, and then moved into the house opposite the Mavericks, at the
comer of Main Plaza and Commerce St. (where the Higginbothams
had Uved before moving to the country). Then they moved to the
house which fmally became the ElUot-Howard home, on Nueva St.
It had been commenced by an Irishman named Mead, who with his
wife, an EngUsh woman, went to Mexico. The Bradleys finally estab-
lished themselves in their more familiar home, on the north side of
Martin St., at Travis; to their east, the Minters later erected their red
stone home; purchased by John Stevens.
On August 9, 1841, WUUam B. Jacques received a power of at-
torney for assessment in the case of bankruptcy of John Bradley.
During the "Runaway" of March 1842, Mr. Bradley was in Galveston
for a few months. "He soon retumed as far as Dabney's place, near
La Grange, adjoining which place Mr. Maverick owned and was culti-
367 These data are gathered from: Van Meter. Benjamin F . , "Genealogies and Sketches of
some Old Families." Louisville, 1901, pp. 1-8; Bellet, Louise Pecquet du, "Some Prominent
Virginia Families," Lynchburg, Va., 1907; Smiles, "History of the Huguenots.*" Lewis, Wil-
liam Terrell "Genealogy of the Lewis Family;" Lynn, Margaret. "Valley Manuscript," writer's
copy from the Ms. in possession of Mrs. Bessie Lewis Cleaney. a descendant of William
Lewis, resident of Front Royal, Va., and Washington, D. C.
vating a small farm." He was one of the few Fayette County men who
escaped, when Dawson tried to join Caldwell.
John Bradley was a Perote Prisoner (see Chabot, Perote Prisoners),
His friends endeavored to obtain his release through government de-
mands and by diplomacy, but without the sUghtest effect. General
Andrew Jackson was then appealed to though he was but a plain
American citizen, retired from pubUc life. The old hero of New Or-
leans, from his quiet Tennessee home, addressed a note to Santa Ana
and this simple Uttle effort had more influence, it would seem, than
aU the power exerted by the govemment. This was accompanied by
another from Governor David Campbell of Abingdon, whose letter to
Jackson is reproduced in the William and Mary Quarterly, VoL 27, pp.
242-243. As a result of this effort, after others had been exhausted, for
Mr. Bradley was a very prominent and influential citizen of the Unit-
ed States, an order for his release was issued.
In reply to the letters of" General Jackson and Governor Camp-
beU, Santa Ana addressed the foUowing note to the Honorable Waddy
Thompson, Minister of the United States at that time, to Mexico, (see
Thompson's Recollections of Mexico):
September 21, 1848
To His Excellency, Mr. Waddy Thompson, Etc,
Most Esteemed S i r :
I have received your polite favor of the 13th instant, and with it those of General An-
drew Jackson, and Governor David Campbell, who interest themselves for the liberty of John
Bradley, a prisoner in the Fortress of Perote. The mediation of the Honorable General Jack-
son, for me is highly respectable, as much for his being one of the most distinguished men
of the United States, as the special favors which he bestowed on me in 1836, when I was re-
turned from my captivity in Texas. This interposition has induced me to grant the order
for the liberty of Bradley, which I enclose to you, that you may be pleased to give i t the
necessary direction and also to manifest to General Jackson, that I shall always be happy to
be honored with his orders, in as much as they can never give molestation, whatever may be
the suject to wbich they relate, but on the contrary, it will give me great pleasure, because
it is always pleasing to correspond with persons, who, like him, enjoy a fame so highly
conspicuous.
I avail myself of this etc.
(Signed) A. L. DE SANTA ANA
"Upon Mr. Bradley's return to La Grange more than a year later
he was induced to run for Senator, but on attempting to canvass he
was obliged to retum home, where he soon died from inflamatory
rheumatism, contracted in the dungeons of Perote." (Express, Aug 14,
1897); while Mrs. Maverick tells us in her Memoirs, p. 84, that "In the
summer of 1844, Mr. Bradley was persuaded to run for Congress. Whilst
out electioneering, he was taken down with a fever, of which he died
September 24th," 1844. "Mrs. Bradley was self reUant, and she deter-
mined to provide for the large famUy left in her widowed care. How
ably and successfully she performed that difficult task is quite well
known." She soon returned to San Antonio with her seven children:
1 Anne, m. Robert Bibb, of Huntsville, Ala.: 9 ch.
2 Mary, m. Thomas Gamble Pitcher, of Indiana; grad. of Military Academy, 1841,
40th in his class; Brig. General of the Volunteers, in 1862; settled in Washing-
ton, D. C.:
i William Lewis, officer in tha U. S. A., m. a very charming Washington
lady: S. P.
ii John ("Jack"), officer in the U. S. A., m. 1st, "Tilly" Jones, of an early
family of Detroit, Mich.:
a Catherine, m, "Dick" Knight, son of Admiral Knight: a son, John Aus-
tin ; the Pitcher home was at Edgewater, Md.
3 William Flemming, d.: S. A.; under Jack Hays in Mexico and California, in '49.
ANGLO-AMERICANS 297
4 Pauline, m. Johnston J. Minter; parents uf Johnston, Jr., d.: S. A.

5 Charles, d. y., with the measles.
6 John, m. 1st, Jan. 13, 1869. Virginia A. Tabor, of N. Y., the ceremony taking
place at the home of William Vance. John Newton, May Waelder, Frank Conrad
and Maggie Bell were present; m. 2nd, Wed., Apr. 20, 1870, Louisa Conrad;
Dean Richardson officiating, witnesses: Major J. and Mrs. Pauline Minter. Judge
C. Upson and George Maverick. John Bradley is well remembered by his
many friends, as a gentleman of the old school. He bad no1 posterity, but
adopted a nephew of his second wife's. He d. May 21, 1914, and was buried
in the Masonic Cemetery.
7 Ada, m. 1st, Sep. 20, 1865, Lewis Antonio Maverick, her cousin; they settled
on the Colorado, near Austin; he had become almost an invalid while attending
the University of Vermont; during the war his malady was aggravated; he d.
in the spring of 1866: S. P. Ada m. 2nd, April 20, 1870, at St. Mark's Church,
Jacob Waelder. She d. Feb. 23, 1920, aged 76 years.
WAELDER
Frederick Jacob Waelder was bom at Meisenheim, Germany, May

17, 1820. He was a Lutheran. Because of RepubUcan sympathies, his
father left there, and came to New York, brmging his son with him.
They moved to Pennsylvania. In 1838 Frederick Jacob was sent back
to Germany to contmue his education. In 1841 he returned to the
United States, and in that year established a newspaper at Wilkesbarre,
Pa. In 1842 he was admitted into the law office of the Hon. L. D.
Shoemaker; and in 1845, he was admitted to the bar. During the fol-
lowing year (1846) he was elected Lieutenant Captain in Dana's Com-
pany of the First Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers. Soon after
the Battle of Cerro Gordo he was appomted Adjutant of a battalion of
six companies. He also served as aid-de-camp and active Assistant
Adjutant General on the staff of Brig. General ChUds. After the Mex-
ican War, Mr. Waelder retumed to Wilkesbarre and practiced law untU
1852.
He married EUzabeth Pool Lamb, whose younger sister was Mary
Adams Lamb, daughters of Henry P. Lamb and Frances Bulkeley, of
Colchester, Conn., dau. of Colonel EUphalet, son of Colonel John, son
of John, son of Gershom, son of Reverend Peter Bulkeley. Mrs. Lamb
was baptised at St. Stephen's Episcopal Church, WUkesBarre, March
9, 1828; she "removed South" in 1853, according to the Bulkeley Gen-
ealogy, p. 710. As Mrs. Waelder suffered from poor health, they came
to San Antonio to live, Mr. Waelder resigning from the office of Dis-
trict Attorney for Luzerne County, Pa. in consequence.
Mr. Waelder served as Representative in the Texas Legislature
from 1855-1857-1859; and was associated in law with Judge Upson. Mr.
Waelder was elected vestryman and trustee, along with Major D. H.
Vinton, Captam E. C. McLane, and Messrs. James R. Sweet and WU-
Uam J. Clarke, by St. Mark's Episcopal congregation, June 21, 1859;
the Rev. L. H. Jones, chairman. A copy of the resolutions is in the
Spanish Archives, H-2, p. 142. Mr. Waelder served as Major in the
Confederate army. He was a member of the Constitutional Conven-
tion. He was one of the few Germans who "joined the Rebellion."
He went north after the war, but returned to San Antonio. On a visit
to New Braunfels he was received with catcaUs and burned in effigy,
says the Free Press of November 5, 1868. Nevertheless, Major Waelder
befriended the German colonists of Texas. He was the first president

of the Casino Association, and sold the club the site of the Casino HaU
on Market St.; he was again its president from 1884-1887 (also one of
the directors of the American club). He was a member and director
of the German-English School, and its president, alternate with F.
Groos, 1884. For his extraordinary efforts in behalf of the Saengerfest,
he was serenaded by the Festival Orchestra, directed by C. Beck, in
April 1887. He was also president of the San Antonio Literary Asso-
ciation, 1879. He was an active member of the Agricultural, Cattle &
Industrial Ass'n. (1875), and an organizer of the San Antonio Water-
works Co. in September 1875, Mr. Kampmann, Temporary Pres.; and
one of its directors (1879). Mr. Waelder expressed himself as opposed
to the division of the state of Texas in July 1875. He also opposed re-
ducing salaries of state officials. Furthermore, he expressed himself
firmly in opposition to the "present pubUc school system, and that the
state should not estabUsh parochial schools." He was president of the
Democratic District Convention, when Gustav Schleicher was the suc-
cessful candidate for the Legislature, 1878. Judge Waelder was one of
those who revised the city charter in 1884. For valuable services render-
ed raUroad interests in the early days, 1873, the town of Waelder was
named for him.
After the death of his first wife, Mr. Waelder m. 2nd, in San An-
tonio, AprU 20, 1870, Ada Bradley, widow of Lewis A. Maverick. Their
home was at 214 Jefferson St., facing west, on Travis Park. It was one
of the first homes which Mr. Kampmann erected in San Antonio.
Frederick Jacob Waelder died at White Sulphur Springs, Va.,
August 28, 1887, aged 67 years. The funeral took place Sunday after-
noon, October 30. It was said to be the most imposing funeral since
Mr. Schleicher's death. Services were held at St. Mark's Church. The
funeral procession was headed by the Eighth U. S. Cavalry Band, fol-
lowed by a detachment of U. S. Cavalry and ArtiUery and many car-
riages. The foUowing acted as paUbearers: Dr. F. Herff, General Young,
Judge Devine, Judge T. D. Noonan, Judge Simpson, Judge W. Ogden,
Colonel Withers, Colonel Ford, Colonel R. WalthaU, Gus Groos, A.
Maverick, R. Hanschke, A. W. Houston and G. R. DashieU. The Belknap
Rifles acted as the escort of honor. The Casino Club, the American
Club, and the American Legion of Honor were all represented. Upon
their arrival at the cemetery the United States soldiers formed a lane
through which the coffin was carried. Funeral services at the grave
were begun with a funeral dirge played by the U. S. Band, foUowed
by a song by the Beethoven Men's Chorus, after which the minister
said a prayer. The Beethoven Chorus then rendered another song. Af-
ter the body had been lowered into its last resting place on earth, the
Belknap Rifles fired a salvo over the grave, and this ended the cere-
mony.
The Free Press pubUshed that Mr. Waelder "was one of our most
esteemed citizens and considered one of the brightest lawyers in this
city and was known for his thoroughness, clarity of vision and con-
ANGLO-AMERICANS 299
scientiousness; his character was beyond reproach, his memory pleas-

ing and courteous, his general bearing made him the binding tie be-
tween the German Americans and the Americans." Major Wlaelder's
portrait is reproduced in the Biog. Ency., Tex,, 1880. By his 1st m.:
1 May, q. s.
n . May m. January 1886, Edward B. Chandler, b. Woodstock, Conn.,
May 27, 1852; grad. Yale, 1875; first came to San Antonio in 1877; then
taught school and served as county surveyor, 1882, in Uvalde. He was
for several years engaged in surveying in western Texas, an occupa-
tion that gave him special knowledge of that country. He permanent-
ly settled in San Antonio in 1882 or 1883, gradually taking up the
mortgage and loan business. He was agent of the Scottish American
Mtg. Co., Ltd., of Edinburgh (1890); of the U. S. Investment Corp., Ltd.,
of Edinburgh (1893); of the Aetna Life Ins. Co., of Hartford (1908);
and of the State Mutual Life Assurance Co., of Worcester, Mass. (1912);
and formed a partnership with Gus J. Groos, S. L. Stumberg, E. C.
Tarrant, and Guy S. McFarland in 1917, the firm taking the name E.
B. Chandler & Co. in 1920. Mr. Chandler was president of the Associat-
ed Charities, of the S. A. Country Club, and of the S. A. Water Sup-
ply Co. He d. July 9, 1923. He and his wife left their large estate for
endowment of the Chandler Memorial Home. His former partners
and A. S. Gage were made trustees.
By his 2nd m. Frederick J. Waelder had:
2 Pauline Minter, b. Oct. 24, 1871; d. Sunday morning. May 17, 1891; m. March
20. 1889, at St. Mark's Church, Charles Jasper Chabot (George S. and Mary
Van Derlip):
i Frederick Charles, b. May 11, 1891, a t 427 Madison St., San Antonio,
Texas.
3 Frederick Jacob A., b. 1873; m. Elise Cerdier Benjamin (New Y o r k ) ; she is
A • *•*? P
4 Ada Bradley, bapt. (St. Mark's), Dec. 26, 1875; m. 1st, "Hal" Weir:
i Henry, living in Houston, Texas: S. P .
m. 2nd. Jessie Sinclair Fry ( d ) : S. P.
E Anne Lewis, b. Aug. 4, 1877; m. Fred. J. Johnston, son of the bishop:
i Ruth Chandler, m. Henry Laurence Bolanz: Fred and Barbara Anna,
ii Jean, m. Bernard Weber, J r . : Bernard, III.
6 Bradley, m. Byrnie Handy (Monroe, L a . ) : S. P.
7 Carl, m. Faye Patterson:
i Carl, J r .
ii Ada Jane,
iii Frederick.
8 Emilie, m. H. R. Smith (New York City): S. P .
RIDDLE
I. Wilson Irvine Riddle was bom in Ireland, in 1812, of Scotch-
Irish descent, the son of Mathew Riddle and his wife, who was a mem-
ber of the MaxweU fanuly. He was reared in Pennsylvania and at-
tended school in PhUadelphia. When stUl a youth he went to Ten-
nessee, where he was employed by Gibson and Co., at NashviUe. He
became acquainted with David Crockett and Sam Houston; and in 1839,
having his spirit of adventure aroused by news of the faU of the Alamo,
came out to Texas. He sold his few slaves, and had some ready cash
for speculation in real estate. In 1840 he retumed to Tennessee, on a
visit, and niarried in Pulaski, April 26, 1841, EUzabeth Mary Menefee,
b. Aug. 26, 1820, daughter of John and EUzabeth Hughes, daughter of
Thomas and Jane Lewis, daughter of Thomas Lewis (son of John and
Margaret Lynn) and Jane, daughter of WUliam Strother and Margaret
Thornton, of Stafford County, Va. WilUam Strother was the son of
William, who came to Virginia in about 1672. Mrs. Riddle (EUzabeth
Mary Menefee) was taken to Tennessee by her parents during her
youth; they lived first in Columbia and then in Pulaski. She was
educated a t Nashville. Her brother, Strother Menefee, came to Texas
in 1842 to visit, and remamed here; he m. in Indianola, where he was
mayor. WUson Riddle and his bride returned to Texas, arriving in
San Antonio May 22, 1841. They arranged with Peter Gallagher, the
same year, to construct their "quaint Uttle two-story" home on t h e
north side of Commerce St., one door east of St. Mary's St., at the site
of the present Aztec Bldg. This house also h a d board floors, and
panes of window glass, imported from New Orleans. In this abode
v/ere born a daughter Sarah, and a son James Wilson, b. 1845.
Just before the Vasquez invasion in 1842, a priest very kindly
communicated with the Riddles, showing them a letter, and within
three hours they were on their way to Gonzales. While camping on
the Salado, Mrs. Riddle received a shock, for as she turned the pUlow
where she reposed, a snake was found coiled, which soon made its
way. In consequence there was no further nourishment for the babe
in arms; and not untU meeting Mrs. Maverick h a d little Sarah more
t h a n sweetened water to appease her appetite. In was in Gonzales
t h a t the Riddles first saw the Van Derlips, when they encouraged them
to change their home, to the larger and more progressive town of San
Antonio. Mr. Riddle was a Perote prisoner; he d. in San Antonio, Sept.
12. 1847.
II. Sarah, b. in San Antonio, February 19, 1842; baptised 1847,
with godparents, John McMullen and Elena EUiott; m. Sept. 18, 1866
(St. Mark's), Robert Eagar, son of WilUam, an artist; he and his
brother Frank were b. in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Their father's guardian
and god-father was the Earl of Shanon, a blood relative. Robert Eagar
d. before his mother (his father d. comparatively young), and the es-
tate was left to Frank, in Nova Scotia. Sarah and Robert had:
1 Blanche, m. F. J. Badger, of New Ella Good w y n ; and (ii) Blanche, d. y.
Orleans: (i) Aline, m. H. C. Carter, 2 Florence ("Flo"), twins; m. Col. H.
his 2nd wife: Champe, Francis and L. Roberts, of Washington: (i) Robert
David; by his 1st wife, Ella, daughter Eagai.
of Dr. A. E. Goodwyn, the well
known Methodist minister from La., 3 Fannie Henrietta, born Oct. 5, 1869;
Mr. Carter had: Randolph, m. Muriel bapt. St. Mark's, Sept. 16, 1870; m,
Kokernot (J. W. and Mary Harper), Ed. McCullough, son of the Rev. John
parents of Muriel J o y ; Mary Louise, McCullough, the pioneer Presbyterian
m. Leroy Denman, (son of Judge minister in San Antonio; parents of:
Denman) parents of Leroy, J r . ; and Robert Eagar, Ed. J., Jr., and Harold.
MCCULLOUGH
George McCullough. b. Scotland, 1700; volution, 1776; John, in. Margaret Kayes
came to America in 1730, locating at (5 sons and 3 daughters); George; and
Elkton, Md., then at Lower Oxford William. John and Margaret had George,
Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania d. y . ; David, m. Nov. 3, 1829, Perry
(300 A.), in 1740. He fought in the County, Ala., Eliza Jane Scott, parents
French and Indian W a r ; he was an of John James (m. Marie Embert), Mary
ensign in a Chester County Regiment, Eugenia (m. Col. James Guiguard Gibbes.
1747-1748. He married a daughter of of Columbia. S. C ) , Ann Jane. d. y.,
Samuel Stuart; they had 5 sons: James William Wallace, S. A., Anna Eliza (m.
and Isaac, killed in the War of che Re- Capt. James Osborne Moore, of Charlotte,
ANGLO-AMERICANS 301
S. C ) , David Scott, S. A., Pauline Leil- Elsie, m. Richard Moore, J r . of Charlotte,

lian, (m. Carter Singleton, of Columbia, N, C.); James, d. in Alexandria, V a . ; S.
S. C ) , Robert Wilson, S. A., Eva A.; John, q. s.; William, d. at the old
Tallulah (m. Robert Wilson Sandifer, of homstead in Pennsylvania, the compUer
Dallas. Gaston County, S. C : Robert of these family d a t a ; Jane, Anne and
Wilson, m. Pauline Fisher and Marie Margaret,
John McCullough was b. in Lower Oxford Township, Chester Coun-

ty, Pa., April 3, 1805. His father (John, above) d. in 1815, leaving seven
children. In 1826 the family moved to Pequa, Lancaster County, and
became teachers and pupils in a school under the Rev. Joseph Barr.
In 1830 they moved to Moscow Academy, near Parkersburg, Chester
County. Young John was an apt student and was remarkable for his
knowledge of books. He was a student at the Princeton Theological
Seminary, 1830-32; was licensed by the Presbytery of Newton, Dec.
22, 1835; after ordination became the supply of Lower Mt. Bethel
Church, where he remained for about 2y2 years. In November, 1838,
he and William Youel AUen met for the first time, in New Orleans, and
proceeded together to the Republic of Texas. On their arrival at Hous-
ton, the 3rd Congress soon assembled and they were electd chaplains,
Allen of the House, and McCullough of the Senate. In May, 1839, on
the adjournment of Congress, McCullough returned to Galveston. Soon
thereafter yellow fever appeared, but he remained at his post through
it all, ministering to the needs of the sick and dying. In the fall of
1839, the citizens of Galveston, in public meetmg, commenced the erec-
tion of a house of worship for his congregation, we are told in the
Texas Presbyterian, of June 9, 1876. On January 1, 1840, Mr. McCul-
lough organized the First Presbyterian Church of Galveston. In this
year he made a trip to San Antonio with a view to preaching to the
Mexicans. He remained only a few days, returning to Columbia, where
he ministered to the little church and supplemented his income by
teaching, untU the early part of 1846. Then a portion of the Columbia
Church were organized by Mr. McCuUough into a church to be known
as the First Presbyterian Church of San Antonio, "since they intend-
ed soon to remove to San Antonio and desired to promote their own
spiritual welfare and usefulness," say the Minutes of the Presbytery of
Brazos, of April 4, 1846. According to Edward McCuUough, Rev. John
McCullough taught school in San Antonio in 1842; in that year he
gave testament to Mrs. RiddeU; he was to have buried Mr. RiddeU, but
arrived just after burial. In 1845 Rev. John McCuUough went to the
United States to secure the assistance of the Board of Foreign Mis-
sions of the Old School Assembly with special regard to the work in
San Antonio. This church on wheels consisted of Mrs. Lorena Mc-
CuUough (nee Sayre), Charles D. Sayre and wife, Catherine W. Sayre,
and a negro woman belonging to Mr. Sayre. In writing to the Board
of Domestic Missions, Mr. McCuUough said: "I came here with a com-
mission from the Foreign Board. Since annexation, my connection with
the Board has been dissolved; after the connection was dissolved, I
was compeUed to teach for support." The Rev. John McCullough's wife
assisted him in this enterprise, and in August 1847, they opened a day
school for Mexican children. This was soon followed by a Sunday
School, of 35 chUdren, "all Americans except three or four Mexicans

and as many Germans." In the faU of 1847 a lot was purchased and
the congregation commenced the erection of an adobe house of worship
on Commerce St., Mr. McCuUough doing much of the work with his
own hands. That same faU the agent of the American Sunday School
Union attended his services and wrote, "the sermon was truly evangel-
ical in its character and couched in chaste language. As a pulpit
exercise it would have been quite creditable to the speaker even in
one of our largest cities." In the afternoon he preached to the negroes.
He remained in San Antonio preaching, and teaching a school of 35
Mexicans and 10 Anglo-Americans until the death of his wife, when
the strenous Ufe began to teU upon his health. Miss Rankin says
(Texas in 1850, p. 182) of Mr. McCuUough's work in San Antonio: "The
Presbyterian Church has been represented by Rev. Mr. McCullough,
who has devoted 2 or 3 years to the community and to teaching and
laboring in harmony with Methodist missionaries, both occupying the
same house of worship... The Church, built mainly through the agency
of Rev. Mc. McCullough, is generally well fUled with attentive hearers
every Sabbath."
McCullough retumed to Galveston in 1849, where, in colaboration
with Rev. WUUam Baker, he estabUshed a bureau of information con-
ceming "places destitute of churches and schools" so that preachers
and teachers coming to Texas might be guided to that locality where
they could be of the greatest service. Mention is made of this in the
Texas State Gazette, Oct. 27, 1849. But McCuUough's chief purpose in
going to Galveston was to found a Female Seminary. In this enter-
prise he was joined by his two sisters, "veteran teachers of eminence,
trained by active service in Philadelphia." Mr. E. H. Cushing also as-
sisted. After two years the school was visited by James Burke who re-
marked that the Seminary was eminently prosperous, contaming about
90 students, and that Mr. McCullough had recently erected at his own
expense one of the best buildings for the purpose of a Seminary of
Learning that he had seen in the State (Telegraph, March 5, 1852).
This school was broken up by a yellow fever epidemic five years after
its beginning. Mr. McCuUough then proceeded to Ohio v/here he sup-
pUed the Muskingum Church for 3 years. Next he appeared as a res-
ident of Burnett County, Texas, where he supported himself and
engaged in missionary work up to the time of his removal in 1869, to
Prairie Lea, within the bounds of the Presbytery of Westem Texas,
where he had been invited to take charge of the school and church.
He had just finished making his arrangements and the prospects for
his future usefulness were bright, when he was stricken with apoplexy,
on Sunday evenmg, January 9, 1870, and soon expired.
J o h n McCuUOUgh m . 1st, Lorena Kellar by whom: Riddell. Edward, and
Sayre, of Columbia, Texas; m, 2nd, 2 Ja^ a b J u n e 15 1856: s A
Oct. 12, 1851, Margaret J. RiddeU, 3 wiiiiam. b. Aug. 31, 1858; m. Euphe-
of Pennsylvania, by whom he had: £!nhJ?rlle? u by™ ,wh,om: Jw^llac!'
J
i-upnemia, John, Malcolm, and David.
1 Emma, b. Nov. 16, 1853; m. D. G. Mc- 4 Anne, b . May 1. 1860; m Lucien
=yîyiyX To. IsOs/v'X/l&tCefa
yt-uantzsyx. /?y^y)^yyXy€yTyy/
ANGLO-AMERICANS 303
Minor by whom: Lucien Margaret, Ed. Lancaster Watkins, of New York,

Dorothy, and Anne. and had: Harvey; Bessie (m. Eev. C.
5 Edward, b. March 25. 1863; m. Fannie B. Cross. Methodist: Mildred and
Eagar, above. Harvey) : James (m. Caroline Wright,
6 Jennie, b. March 27, 1865; m. J . P . of Austin: Harvey, Geo. Henry, Caryl
Alvey by whom: Perrie, Jane, and James, Eleanor Jane, Geo., Josephine,
Carroll. m. John Buckley, of Eagle Pass,
7 Leila, b. March 6. 1867; m. Jerome parents of Stuart, Lora and Eileen;
Parker, hy whom: Margaret, John, and, Edward).
Jerome, and Elizabeth. 3 Harvey Edward, b. Nov. 23, 1869.
8 Lulu, b. March 6, 1867; m. William
Henry Brown, by whom: Constance,
Malcolm, and Mary Lee. John, Mildred and Harvey, were
9 Mary, b . Aug. 5, 1869; S. A. baptised at St. Mark's Church,
I. Elizabeth Menefee, after the d. Sept. 27, 1865, Mrs. Canterbury
of her 1st husband, Wilson Riddle, having united with the Episcopal
m. 2nd, May 8, 1851, Harvey Can- Church in 1864. Mrs. Canterbury
terbury, who came to San Antonio d. in San Antonio, Wednesday,
from Kentucky. They had: July 4, 1900. The funeral was
1 John Warner, b. July 17, 18B2; m. from St. Mark's Church, Friday at
Minnie Clements, and had Joseph 6: P. M. (See Express, July 5,
(Mexico).
2 Mildred Lee, b. March 11„ 1854; TO. 1900).
SARAH RIDDLE
Born in San Antonio, February 19, 1842.
From the painting by Wueste.
CAMPBELL
James CampbeU came to Texas had 12 ch., 4 of whom have de-
from Missouri in 1829. Hem.twice, scendants here today:
ahd brought his 2nd wife, Teresa 1 Minnie m. Frank H. Bushick, parents
B. O'Neill to San Antonio in 1841; of: (i) Charles M., m. Anna Smet: 5
ch.; and (ii) Frank. J r . . m. 1st, Fleta
her sister Eleanor O'NeUl accom- Cloutier:
a Robert P.
panied them. Teresa O'NeUl had m. 2nd. Rachel Hosea.
just retumed from the Sacred 2 Eleanor, bap. March 11, 1869; m. A.
Allsbury, parents of (i) Catherine, m.
Heart Academy in Montreal, Can., 1st. Allen Mathews; m. 2nd, a Devine:
and was visiting in New Orleans (ii) Edward, m., was living in Hous-
ton ; and (iii) Elizabeth, m. Jessie
where she met James Campbell. Lentz: Jessie, J r . ; (iv) Mabel, m. in
They were m. in the Cathedral in St. Louis; a daughter, Elizabeth; and
(v) Alice.
N. O. Catherine CampbeU, their 3 Elizabeth, bap. J a n . 1. 1876; m.
daughter, was b. 1843, in their old Roderick McDonald: P.. living in
Enid, Okla.
home which was where the Chand-
ler Bldg. now stands, at the SW According to the Sp. Ar., D-2,
cor. of Crockett and Losoya Sts. 4 and E-2, 69, land was deeded
James Campbell bought the prop- to Phineas G. Merritt in 1846, and
erty from Col. Dangerfield, who to E. Smith Merritt in 1847.
left San Antonio to represent the The Frontier Times (Vol. V, No.
Republic of Texas at the Court of 7), has an account of this family.
St. James. James Campbell was killed by
Catherine CampbeU m. Feb. 14, the Comanches, near San Antonio,
1883, St. Mary's Catholic Church, in 1842. Mrs. Campbell d. May 1,
Capt. Charles H. Merritt, and they 1888.
ANGLO-AMERICANS 305
VAN DERLIP
The first historical record of the "Von Utrecht in 1560 when the religious per-
Der Lippe" family was in 948 A. D. The secutions were in progress in the South-
descendants of this line were the Dukes ern Netherlands.
von der Lippe, of Wintrap, Vinsebeck, The ancestor of the New York family,
Laudebeck, and Ottenhausen of Pader- according to the N . Y. press, and family
born. According to a letter of the Duke tradition, came over from Holland in
Alexander, dated 1826, branches of this 1625.
family extended into Holland and the The line of David Campbell Van Der-
East Indies. lip, the first of the family in Texas, be-
The German families Von Der Lippe, gins with Elias, who m. Betsey Hartsuff.
descending from the landlords on the They had twins, one of whom d. y., and
river Lippe were mentioned as Noble the other, Elias, m. about 1789, Sarah
Lords as early as the 12th century. Adams, of Troy, N- Y. They had 12 ch.
Count Simon VI. d. 1613, leaving 4 sons. Their son Samuel Adams, m. Catherine
Simon VII. became ruler and founded the Mairs in Argyle, N . Y., and they were
older or Detmoldske line. Philipp found- the parents of George Mairs, who was the
ed the Schaumburger or younger line. author of the letter which led to the
In Norway the name was first known founding of the Young Mens' Christian
in 1592, the year that Peter von der Association in the United States. He
Lippe took citizenship in Bergen. There was one of the founders of the Metro-
is also a Norwegian line beginning with politan Museum of Art, New York, and
Jacob, from Bremen, who took citizenship accumulated a fine collection of paint-
in Bergen in 1655. ings. His daughter, Mrs. A. V. Watson,
The Bohemian family began in the 11th who was residing in Duluth, Minn., in-
century, when the Emperor Rudolph II. herited her father's artistic taste. She
raised two brothers, Girzich and Samuel, was a painter in water colors and a de-
to the ranks of the Bohemian nobility, signer for stained glass windows. "Not-
with the surname "Von Kozarkow." able among her works are the Williams
The common ancestor of the Southern- memorial window, Marquand chapel, Yale
Netherland branch and the present College, the great transoms of the New
Northern-Netherland branch, was J a n York Cotton Exchange, and the Bayard
yan der Lip, who was schepen of Bruges memorial window in the old Swedish
in 1536. A son Johan Jansen settled in church at Wilmington, Del."
I. David CampbeU, b. December 15, 1812 (New York), tenth child
of Elias and Sarah Adams, married JuUana Adelia Cook, December,
1836. Shortly after, a calamity befeU him; his rug and carpet shop
in the city being seriously damaged by fire. His partner in business
proceeded to New Orleans to dispose of stock; and from aU that is
known, did not return to New York, but left the UabUities to his part-
ner, Mr. Van Derlip. Times were particularly hard, but Mr. Van DerUp
succeeded in liquidating the business. With what capital he could
reaUze, he purchased a store of general merchandise, and came out
to Texas in 1838 to dispose of the same. He opened a shop in Gon-
zales. Here he was accidentaUy wounded from a stray shot, fired by
a drunken man. This wound eventuaUy led to Mr. Van DerUp's com-
paratively early death, February 24, 1856. During his convalescence
he studied law with Judge Jones, a prominent and wealthy settler in
Gonzales, with over a hundred slaves. When he was sufficiently re-
covered, he passed the examinations and was entered to the bar. He
became a member of the firm of Judge Jones. Having determined to
remain in Texas, Mr. Van Derlip had a house buUt in the outskirts of
Gonzales and sent for his wife, who had remamed with her mother
and sister in Sag Harbour, Long Island. "She came in a saUing vessel
from New York, as he had previously, a voyage of six weeks, and land-
ed at Port Lavaca about 1839 or '40," where she was met by her hus-
band. They came up to Gonzales by horse and buggy their goods be-
ing transported by ox-teams.
Their oldest chUd, Mary Taft (later changed to Mary Cook), was
b. in Gonzales in 1842. "They could not have had a very pleasant or
cheerful life in Gonzales for besides many privations, they aU had
malarial fever and were in constant fear of the Indians, who many
nights came and hooted around their house trying to steal their
horses;" failing to do this the Indians shot the horses with poisoned
arrows through the chinks of the log stable in which they were kept.
"V^hen the baby Mary was about a year old, the women, chUdren and
negroes were aU sent to eastem Texas for safety for a whUe, on ac-
count of an alarm about the Mexican army coming; the men remain-
ed to fight in Gonzales. My mother," says Mrs. Cresson in her Re-
miniscences, "went on horseback carrying her baby in front of her on
the saddle. Tired of the hardships and dangers of Gonzales, they de-
cided to move to San Antonio. The joumey from Gonzales to San
Antonio was attended with many dangers from roving bands of In-
dians."
In 1842 the Mavericks who had taken refuge from the Vasquez
raid on San Antonio, occupied a house vacated by the owners, who had
fled further east. Mr. Robinson, partner of her husband, brought Mrs.
Riddle in a buggy behind a fleet horse, from San Antonio; she oc-
cupied the house with the Mavericks; and it was here that the infant
Sarah again received her nourishment. Mrs. Maverick adds, in her
Diary, that they met Mr. and Mrs. Van DerUp, young people, who af-
terwards came to San Antonio. Mrs. Van DerUp had a piano and was
very pretty and not long from New York. Mrs. BaUinger of South
CaroUna was also in Gonzales, and her sister, Miss Roach, who became
Mrs. Frank Paschal.
It was at this time that the Van DerUps were persuaded that San
Antonio was the better place for their abode; so in the latter part of
1843, they came to San Antonio, and took one of the old houses on
the north side of MUitary Plaza, where Kalteyer's Drug Store was sub-
sequently located. After a short time, Mrs. Van DerUp, in her tidy,
orderly, Puritan way, soon had her home in good condition, with nice
clean rugs, and fresh white curtains. Then came a fearful downpour;
the adobe mud gave way, and water entered everywhere. Just at this
unfortunate time, the distinguished Mrs. Bradley caUed for her first
time. It is easy to imagine the mortification which Mrs. Van DerUp
suffered, having to receive under such unfavorable circumstances. Not
long after, the Van DerUps took a house on Commerce St., the site of
the San Antonio National Bank. They then purchased a property of
several acres and a five-room house, about a half mUe out on North
Flores St. The deed (E-2, 294) from Wm. D. Lacy, dated May 12, 1847,
reads: "...known as the property formerly belonging to one Bal-
masaca and wife, and by them sold to Peter GaUagher, and by the
said Peter GaUagher, to me, and described as foUows, to wit: Begin-
ning at a point on Flores St. in the City of San Antonio in the N. part
of said city, at the SE cor. of an aUey that separates the property here
conveyed from the house and lot now occupied by the widow of John
W. Smith, and running said Flores St., in a northerly direction 80
varas . . . thence in a westerly direction to a point on San Pedro Cr.,
and from thence in a southerly direction down said creek, 80 v. to
a point on said aUey, and from thence along said aUey to the point
ANGLO-AMERICANS 307
of beginning having 80 v. front and rear, and measuring 350 v. on

either side, and containing 1V2 A...with aU improvements... and
water privUeges." As Mr. Van DerUp was frequently away on business,
and as the neighborhood was not considered healthy at that time, they
took the Rippstein house, more centraUy located, on Acequia St. (Main
Av.), at the NE cor. of SaUnas St., opposite Castanola's store, in Nov-
ember, 1852. This homestead was eventuaUy exchanged for the Bat-
tagUa property on the N. side of East Commerce St., east of Bonham S t
The following is from a letter from Mrs. Van DerUp to her sister
Mary, dated San Antonio, November 21, 1852: " . . . I am going to move.
I have signed away by old homestead. David has made a first rate
exchange; first I wUl tell you what we give: this house has one large
front room and three shed rooms which leak badly; the kitchen leaks
also. The house is buUt of adobe, which is mud hardened in the sun;
it is level with the ground, and open gaUeries around. We have 9 A.
of land, and some 50 peach trees which are just beginning to bear. It
is surrounded with rose bushes and a double row of shade trees which
I have set out; there is a chicken coop, com crib and stable. This
property is valued at $3,000. The house we exchange this for, is white
stone with five rooms, three fireplaces in the main house, handsome
pannel doors; it was buUt by a German last year to hire out to the of-
ficers who gave $50. per month; now they have nearly aU been order-
ed away and rents have faUen and he thinks he could do better cul-
tivating the soU. About six steps from the large house is a small one,
one room and gaUery, which the German occupied; also a good kit-
chen; there is room for a flower garden and he is going to buy a lot
in the rear; then I can raise some more peach trees. It is close by
Mrs. Jaques, and in a very good neighborhood. There is a new Meth-
odist Church buUding just across the street. We shaU move into it
one week from tomorrow. Last week I made two ingrain carpets; one
is red and green, the other is for the parlour and is so pretty; a large
bunch of roses. And we are going to have some new furniture. David
also bought me a brocade silk; it is pretty...my dress cost $22. this
being the second one since 1837... He got me such a good cooking
stove, 'Pacific'; yesterday I baked six mince pies at one time; it is so
much better than these old bake kettles. It looks too good for the
servants to have in the kitchen...
"The chUdren are aU weU and so pleased with the idea of going
into town; it is so far to school from here. Last winter David offer-
ed this same man $600, and this property to change and he would not.
This year he changes even. We can afford to buy furniture. David
has so much law busmess that he has no time to bmld. Court is in
session now. He never had as much business as he has now...
"I wiU be glad to leave the old premises. It is the greatest won-
der in the world we have never been snake bitten long ago, I came
very near picking up a rattle snake. I had been sitting up, covering
Mary some school books. I gathered up the books to lay them away
and reached down to pick up what I thought was a strip of calUco. I
did not quite touch it. I turned, thinking I wiU not be so foolish and
308 WITH T H E MAKERS OF SAN ANTONIO
as I was reachmg my hand down the second time, I saw it move; the
shadow of the cradle was on it (in which the baby was sleeping). I
ran with the light. A rattle snake with three rattles. We killed him,
but I scarcely slept that night. Mary must have gone close by him to
get the callico. The other night May Ann came in saying there was a
snake on her table. I made her hold the light while I went to kill
him. I got up in a chair with a long; iron poker, took up some of her
work, when I put it in her workbasket, ziz-ziz went the rattle and out
he was coming, when the nigger was so frightened she droped the
light and out it went. I sprang over him and landed outside of the
door. He caught one nigger and sprung after me. He went after one
of the neighbors, who killed him, coiled up in a flour barrel. . ."
Mrs. Van Derlip purchased the lots on the west side of Madison
St., at the northwest cor. of Sheridan, then called Lee St., from J. F.
Martin, February 6, 1875, who had acquired the property from T. J.
Devine. She then had a stone house buUt.
The Francis Walnut grant, on Lipan Creek, in Atascosa County,
(dated Columbia, March 14, 1839), lying east of Campbelton, was
patented to Mr. Van Derlip, AprU 7, 1847. It is stiU owned by his
descendants.
Mr. Van DerUp wrote Horatio Taft from San Antonio, January 4,
1847, regarding the agreement of Amendment to the Constitution of
New York State: "If the appointment of a State Cabinet to perform
executive duties cannot be safely entrusted to a Governor elect, tha t
Governor is unworthy of the suffrages t h a t elevated him to that station
and the amended Constitution in my humble opinion has reduced the
executive of your state to a mere appendage, without any real power,
a mere gUded image for the vulgar to gaze at. . . But what shall I
say of Article 4th, entitled Judiciary. When I first read it, I did say
that 'the glory of the Empire State had departed and Democracy has
run m a d . ' . . . To expect a judge whose official existence depends upon
the will of the suiters in his own court to be independent of the People
and of those suiters, is expecting more t h a n we are authorized to do
until the frailties of human nature are entirely corrected. May Heaven
preserve me from the judicial administration of what might be called
a popular judge. When the bench is filled by a demagogue, let every
honest candid man prepare to defend his own right. . . But to see
Nev/ York, t h a t stern old State whose judicial decisions have always
been cited throughout America and even England with admiration and
respect, to see her open the way to her bench to every aspiring de-
magogue who may impose himself upon the people, is what I little ex-
pected could occur. . . The last two articles are excellent, and show
much wisdom and good sense. I was gratified however, to see t h a t the
separate proposition of negro suffrage was so promptly and signally
rebuked by the People of New York. I t was not only a decided rebuke
to fanaticism generaUy, but to the demagogues of both parties who
hoped to make it a hobby. The State is a t least sound t h e r e . . . "
When Mr. Van Derlip was a candidate for the office of District
Judge (4th Judicial District, Texas) the S. A. Ledger of June 19, 1851
ANGLO-AMERICANS 309
DAVID CAMPBELL VAN DERLIP

From a painting by his daughter, Mrs. Chabot, of a daguerreotype.
pubUshed that he had had ten years of extensive and diversified prac-
tice of more than ten years at the bar in Texas. Mr. Van DerUp ex-
pressed his views as foUows: "A judicial officer cannot know party dis-
tinctions nor is he permitted to be controUed by private feeUngs of
prejudice or friendship." He was defeated by Thomas J. Devine.
In passmg let it be recorded that Mr. Van DerUp did aU in his
power to protect the properties of old San Antonio families, particular-
ly the Zambrano, from what Juan N. Seguin caUed the "scum of
society."
The Express pubUshed, Nov. 30, 1902: "Judge Van DerUp was
among the State's leading lawyers in the earUer days, in those days
when Texas was a RepubUc and after the annexation. He fought for
Texas Independence agamst Mexico, and was a member of the first
Texas Legislature. He died Feb. 24, 1856, and was then a partner in
law with the late Judge N. O. Green, father of the present County
Judge."
Ira P. Jones wrote: "I received this morning the San Antonio
WLedWger. It was with no ordinary feelings that I read from it the an-
nouncement of the death of my much esteemed friend, D. C. Van Der-
Up. It was an event for which I had looked with painful uneasiness
for more than a year. The condition of his health was, indeed, such
when I left you that there was but Uttle reason to hope for a long
Ufe for him. But I assure you the shock of the announcement was one
of the most painful that I have ever experienced. His uniform friend-
ship and kindness toward me from the beginning of our association
was of that generous and unselfish kind which created stronger ties
than the ordinary manifestations of friendship. I have always re-
gretted the chain of circumstances which compeUed me to forego the
pleasures of a continued association with him. He was a man of un-
common ability in his profession, and maintained throughout his
career, a character for high-toned honor and professional courtesy
unspotted and unblemished. He steadfastly tumed a deaf ear to all
those numberless arts and tricks by which others of his times amassed
large fortunes, and has bequeathed to you and his children a memory
untainted by the sUghtest moral blemish. During the period I was in
the most intimate and confidential intercourse with him, I saw nothing
but the exhibition of sentiments of the highest sense of honor and in-
tegrity, nothing but the bold and impressive outlines of an accompUsh-
ed and honorable gentleman..."
JuUana AdeUa Cook, the wife and the Earls of Hereford, trace to Ed-
ward I. of England. Mary Rogers was
of David Campbell Van Derlip, was said to have been a very beautiful woman.
The only painting of her, a miniature
born at Bridgehampton, L. I. AprU on ivory, was lost by Capt. Cook, a t sea.
10, 1815, daughter of Captain Jere- Mary Malvina, sister of Mrs. Van Der-
lip, remained with her mother in the
miah Halsey Cook and Mary Rogers. homestead a t Sag Harbour; she m.
Mary Rogers, according to tradition, Horatio Taft, oldest son of Cheney Taft
was descended from Abram Rogers, the and Chloe White ( direct descendant of
first of the family in America, a first Peregrine White, the first Anglo-Saxon
settler of Boston, brother of John Rogers, child b. in New England). The following
the martyr, whose most important work quotations are from the press: "Mrs.
was an edition of the Bible in 1537; the Mary M. Taft, of this place, and daugh-
Rogers, through Catherine de Court«uty. ter of Capt. Jeremiah Halsey Cook, of
ANGLO-AMERICANS 311
Bride-Hampton, passed her 90th birthday, Dutch New York; he d. there, Aug. 27.
in her usual good health. Wednesday of 1678.
last week, July 30. She received many Samuel Cook was the son of David and
congratulatory calls during the day, ac- Hannah Topping. David was the son of
companied by flowers and other remem- Elias; and Elias. of John, son of Ellis
brances. Mrs. Taft has lived long enough Cook, one of the first settlers of
to see our country pass successfully Southampton, L. I., and Martha, daugh-
through four w a r s : the English, Mexican, ter of John Cooper, who came from Eng-
Rebellion and Spanish; though quite land in the "Hopewell," 1635. Accordmg
young during the former, and has taken to family traditions (including the line of
a deep interest in them, as well as in Mrs. Taft, nee Cook, descendants of
other national matters. She is a very Johnathon, son of John and brother of
bright, sprightly woman for one of her Elias), the first Ellis Cook, of Lynn,
years, possessing her perfect faculties as Mass., was of the family who came over
in years gone by, is a constant reader, on the "Mayflower": "the son of John
keeps well posted in the rapid strides in Cook,, one of the Mayflower's company;
which our country is making history, and he. John Cook, was a boy of twelve and
aside from these has plenty of time to came with his Father Francis Cook."
attend to her household duties, call upon Mrs. Van DerUp, nee Cook, died
her neighbors and friends, and occasion-
ally to go to the Presbyterian church, of
which, she has for many years been a
Saturday, November 29, 1902, short-
member. And to show how supple she ly before noon at the home of her
is, we will state that it is but a few daughter, Mrs. C. C. Cresson, 815
weeks ago she walked to our own resid-
ence, about half a mile distant, accom- Grayson St.; she had been slowly
panied by her son, spent the evening, and
then walked home." sinking for the past two weeks;
Mrs. Mary A. Taft d. a t her home her death came as the result of old
about 1:40 Wednesday morning. She age. The funeral took place Sun-
was b. at Bridge-Hampton. July 30, 1812.
"When about six years of age, the home
of her parents being destroyed by fire,
day aftemoon from the Cresson
the family moved to this place and lived residence. Services were conduct-
in a house which then stood on the site ed by Rev. Mercer Johnston of St.
of the present residence of Dr. C. E.
Wells, and afterwards that house was Paul's Episcopal Church. The paU-
moved to the corner of Union and
Church street, where The Atheneum now bearers were: Judge John R. Shook,
stands and Mrs. Cook built and lived in
the house now occupied by Dr. Wells. In
George Maverick, Edward R. Nor-
1843 she m. Horatio N. Taft. of Lyons, ton, Judge John James, Dr. Frank
N. Y.. where she went to live. The
writer is in possession of the old square Paschal, and Judge Robert B.
piano and several chairs, which stood in
the Cook home for many years; the piano
Green.
is said to have been the second in Long
Island. William Cook Taft m. his cousin.
"The Van DerUp home was one
Phoebie Cook, and they had many family of the best known in the State and
heirlooms of interest. The writer ex- beneath its hospitable roof many
presses appreciation for the many val-
uable data received from Mr. Taft. weU known Texans found shelter,
His daughter Mary, m. Russell Todd;
they live in Bronxville. New York. An- among them being the late Rev.
other daughter, Priscilla, m. twice, and
is living in California. Elsie is his
De VUbis. She came to Texas a very
oldest daughter; she is also living in beautiful woman and attracted a
California: S. A. 368
Capt. Jeremiah Halsey Cook was the
great deal of attention... Her Ufe
son of Samuel Cook and Elizabeth Hal- was very quiet and retiring, Uving
sey. Elizabeth Halsey was the daughter for her famUy, and particularly
of Jeremiah (1737-82) and Elizabeth
Woodruff (1742-1831) ; Jeremiah was the disUking notoriety. Many historians
son of Jeremiah, b. at Bridgehampton,
ca 1690, d. there, 1768, farmer; son of came to her in search of historical
Jeremiah, b. a t Bridgehampton, L. I..
Sep. 7, 1667; d. there, Dec. 29, 1737; son
facts, but she steadfastly refused
of Thomas Halsey, b. ca 1627; son of to grant interviews to any one con-
Thomas Halsey. b. Great Gaddesden,
Hertford Co.. England. Jan. 2, 1592 (son nected with a pubUcation."
of Robert and Dorothy Downes). a resi-
dent of Lynn, Mass., in 1637, and owned "This venerable and aged lady
land there; one of the original twenty was the last of San Antonio's
settlers whose names were affixed to the
articles of agreement formed in Lynn for
the founding of Southampton, L. I., 1640.
earUer American pioneers." In
which was the first English settlement in Texas she witnessed many stirring
368 See Bayne, Julia Taft; "Tad Lincoln's Father," and S. A. Express, "Taft Family.
March 4, 1930.
scenes. A great many old stories London; m. 1st ,at St. Mark's Epis-
and much Texas history died with copal Church, San Antonio, Wed-
her. She was survived by her sis- nesday afternoon, March 20, 1889
ter at their old home in Sag Har- (see Express, March 21 and 25),
bor, L. I., who only shortly before PauUne Minter Waelder (Frederick
had celebrated her 90th birthday. Jacob and Ada Maverick, nee Brad-
1
2
Mary Taft, q. s.
Adelia C„ q. s.
ley).
3 Sarah Lockwood, and 1 Frederick Charles, b. May 11, 1891;
4 Eleanor Elliot, twins, b. Feb. 8. 1851; (St. Mark's, A-II, 149). for biog., see
d. y. "Register," Department of State,
Washington, D. C ; secretary in
H. Mary Taft (1), later, Mary Diplomatic Service.
"Cook," b. in Gonzales, Texas, Dec. m. 2nd, 1894 (St. Mark's A-m, 200-
28, 1842; d. in San Antonio, at her 201), LiUian Blanche Hugo (Charles
residence, 403 Madison St., Nov. 6, and EUse Haseloff):
1929, at 4:30 A. M.; m. Dec. 3, 1863, 2 Charles Hugo, who was drowned,
while trying to save his mother, who
George Stocks Chabot, b. in Lon- also drowned, near Comfort. June 8,
don, Sept. 22, 1821; d. in San An- 1907 (A-rV, 444-445).
3 Edith Lillian, b. May 10. 1898; m.
tonio, Nov. 14, 1902; son of James Nov. 28, 1919 (St. Mark's, A-VL 112-
113), Capt. Charles Solomon Kilburn
Chabot and Harriet Beek, of Lon- (John Franklin and Harriet Randall),
don and Mexico. They resided in U. S. A. of El Paso, Texas: (i) Nancy
Van Derlip, b. Nov. 6, 1920; (ii)
Mexico for many years, where Mr. Edith Lillian, b. Oct. 31. 1922; (iii)
Chabot, b, Feb. 20, 1926; and (iv)
Chabot was in the British foreign ser Helene, b. 1933.
vice. Mrs. Chabot was a good music-
ian; she wrote considerable verse; m. 3rd, Olive Joyce Anderson (wid.
was an artist; a member of the of James K. Johnston, by whom
Texas Press Ass'n. Art League, etc. she had J. K., Jr.):
4 Mary Lea, b. Sept. 18, 1913: S. A.
She was instrumental in bringmg
fine art to San Antonio (Van Dyke II. Adelia Cook (2), b. Sept. 14,
Art Exhibit, March 1887; Art Ex- 1848; d. Feb. 20, 1930, at 2:45 P. M.
hibit, May 1893); she was an or- 815 Grayson St.; did much for the
ganizer of the Protestants' Orphans' Protestants' Orpahns Home; and
Home in San Antonio, and with for the development of Grayson
her sister, Mrs. Cresson, worked St., on Government HiU; m. March
hard to make it a success; she was 3. 1870 (by Rev. Mr. Martin, of the
elected its 1st Vice-Pres., Feb. 11, Presbyterian Church), Charles
1888; and Pres., Jan., 1890; corner Clement Cresson (John Blackwood
stone laid, Nov. 1, 1913. Mary Cook and Amanda Webb) of PhUadel-
and George Stooks had: phia; entered the Union army at
1 George Alexander, m. Sept. 1893,
Lucile Stapp: the age of 16, 2nd Lieut., 66th Reg.;
i Lucile Low, b. Sept. 26, 1894;
bapt. at St. Mark's; m. Harry C
with 73rd Penn., during Civil War;
Mitchell: S. P . ; living in Fresno, Capt., 1862; Maj., 1864; Lieut-Col.,
Cal.
Dec. 1864, and Col., 1865; 2nd Lieut.,
III. Charles Jasper, (2) named in 17th Inf., 1866; 1st Lieut., 1867;
for Jasper Lynch, who was asso- retired on account of wounds, April
ciated with Geo. S. Chabot in Mex- 4, 1879; in retired list, 1904; remov-
ico, and whose son m. Rowena Nye, ed to San Antonio in 1879; com-
living in England; b. in Mexico un- mandant of West Texas MiUtary
der the British flag, February 21, Academy; d. March 15, 1906; buried
1856, his birth being registered in with military honors, services con-
ANGLO-AMERICANS 313
ducted at 815 Grayson St., by Bi- association, January. 1882, was

shop Johnston. AdeUa Cook and presided over by H. J. Chamber-
Charles Clement h a d : lain, with J. P. Moss, Secretary.
1Charles Clement, J r . . attorney a t law. The wool growers of Texas met
and officer in the U. S. A . ; b. March with Chabot, Moss & Co. in June.
23, 1873; m. Mary J o r d a n : S. P .
2 Mary Chabot, b. March 22, 1876; m. Bergstrom & Mauermann opened
Clinton Hall Kearny; in October. From 1881 to 1883, the
i Clinton Cresson, b. Aug. 7, 1912;
d. six days old. largest dealers in stock sheep for
ii Cresson Henry, b. J a n . 7, 1914; wool in these parts were Chabot,
and,
iii Clinton Charles, b. Sept. 19. Moss & Co. When P. J. Moss retir-
1916, 369
ed, August 1, 1883, Charles C. Cres-
son was taken in and the firm
name changed to Chabot and
Cresson. The Wool Warehouse &
Cotton Compress Co. held its first
meeting in 1889. Colonel Zander-
When George Wilkins Kendall son purcased the stock Yards at
introduced a fine breed of Merino Flores and Nueva Streets, in 1890,
bucks, Sept. 18, 1857, he did some- during which year there was an
thing of importance for Texas. immense market for wool in San
The first wool was purchased and Antonio.
warehoused in San Antonio, April Quoting Barnes, p. 134: "San
15, 1859. Nine years later Col. T. Antonio was once the greatest
H. Zanderson estabUshed an wool market of the world, there
agency here; he induced northern having in the early 70's of the last
manufacturers to give Texas wool century and even as late as the
a trial. By the summer of 1871 early 80's, been more sheep in t h e
the wool market in San Antonio region tributary to tha t market
was lively. AprU 14, 1876, Zander- t h a n in Australia or any other
son established a wool house in portion of the globe. In those
San Antonio, and during the year days, the great wool kings were
the S. A. Woolen Factory exhibit- Ed. Cotulla, T. C. Frost, the Halff's
ed samples, when t h e training of and towards the latter part, T. H.
sheep dogs was discussed. During Zanderson, while Charles Schrein-
1878, 14,000,000 lbs. of wool were er, of KerrviUe, then and even
shipped from here. During the now markets many hundred thous-
following year the Wool Growers' and pounds of that staple. Jim
Association came to the foreground. McLymont, probably was the
On Apr. 3, 1879, Louis Bergstrom largest individual sheep owner in
purchased grade one a t 15c per the world before he sold to Swift
lb. Then Colonel Zanderson, as & Co., his big mutton herd be-
Danish Consul, influenced the cause the tariff on wool had been
Danish market. The Texas Wool reduced so low as to render sheep
Journal was started in July, 1881. raising unprofitable in comparison
The 3rd annual meeting of t h e what it had been."
369 The "Van Derlip Family,*' privately published for Frank Arthur Van Derlip, N. Y„
1914; Howell, Geo. Rogers, "The Early History of Southampton, Long Island, New York,
with Genealogies;" Cook, Capt. Jeremiah Halsey, Autobiography, Ms.; Cresson family papers.
MSS.; Cresson, Mrs. Adelia Van Derlip, "Reminiscences," 1929, Ms.; transcripts from
"Thomas Halsey and His Descendants in America," courtesy of New York Public Liibrary,
Genealogy Div.; and Bates, S. P., "Martial Deeds of Pennsylvania." For. D. C. Van Derlip's
will, see Probate Journal E, p. 2.
LOCKWOOD
The first of this family from England, had several children, none of whom
settled in Connecticut in the 17th cen- remained in San Antonio, of whom:
tury. By marriage they were connected Emma A., residing in El Paso, Texas,
with the best families of that state. to whom the writer is grateful for
Albert A. Lockwood was in business in most of the information in this sketch;
New York City, where he met his wife, Mary, m. Mr. Wheatley; Gertrude, m . ;
Mary Morelle, sister-in-law of his part- d.; Francis, d.; and George, m. Delia.
ner, Mr. Bramhall; the Morelle being of
Huguenot stock, the first of whom came GIDDINGS
over under Lafayette as an officer in the George Giddings was b. St. Albans.
French navy, and settled at New England, 1608. He came to Ipswich,
Rochelle. Mary Morelle's sister was the Mass., where he was freeman, and rep-
grandmother of Harry Gilbert, of New resentative, 1641; He d. in June, 1676.
York, of polo fame. He m. Jane Lawrence of St. Albans, Feb.
20, 1634, daughter of Thomas and Jane,
Albert A. Lockwood came to of royal descent. They had James, m.
Elizabeth, only daughter of John Andres,
Texas on account of his wife's parents of Nathaniel, who removed from
health; they settled in San An- Mass., to Norwich, Conn., and m. Sarah
Goodhue, parents of Nathaniel, m. Mar-
tonio in 1843, according to famUy tha Corning, parents of Solomon, m.
tradition. Mr. Lockwood was a Sarah Waterman (Elisha and Sarah
Hackley), of royal descent, parents of
man of culture and refinement. He Capt. James who carried on trade with
the West Indies, was seized by a French
brought with him from New York, privateer, confined in a Cuban prison.
"the most valuable Ubrary of first was shipwrecked off the coast of Hat-
eras, gave up seafaring for the life of a
editions and classics ever brought farmer, settling in Susquehanna County.
P a . ; he m. Lucy Deming, of Norwich,
to Texas—aU lost in the Galves- Conn.; they had 13 ch., of whom:
ton flood sometime in the 60s." Mr. 1 Giles Albert, b. 1812; went to Texas
in 1835, to select and survey a tract
Lockwood was very weU off. He of land for a colony, but the revolt
started a commission busmess here, of Texas from Mexico and consequent
war interfered with his plans and he
his first store being located on the joined the army under General Sam
Houston; was mortally wounded a t the
SE cor. of Main Plaza and Com- battle of San Jacinto, and d. June 8,
merce St. He was alderman (1850- 1836.
2 Jabez Deming, b. in Pa., 1814, came
54) and mayor of San Antonio for out to settle Giles's estate; d. in
two terms: from July 1, 1857 to Brenham, Texas, June 10, 1878; m.
Ann Tarver.
January 1, 1859. Notice was given 3 John James, b. 1821, d. 1861, a victim
of Indian barbarity; q. s.
in the Express, AprU 4, 1871, by F. 4 George Henry, b. July 1823, in Her-
W. Chandler, Administrator of the rick township, Susquehanna County,
Pa. He d. in Mexico City, December
Estate of A. A. Lockwood, deceas- 15, 1903. He m. 1st, Emma Lock-,
wood; and m. 2nd, Julia Thompson of
ed, that he would, at the June Washington, D. C. He followed, to
term of the District Court of join Jabez; they came to San Antonio
from Pennsylvania in 1846. George
Bexar County, apply for an order Henry was a merchant; he was also
of sale of the property situated the principal owner of a stage line,
"Overland to the Pacific," which be-
on Commerce St., to satisfy judg- gan successful operation in July, 1857.
This line, from New Orleans to San
ment Uens, said property being Francisco, by way of San Antonio,
bounded as foUows: fronting 23 was awarded the transportation of
mails in April, 1858. The Texas town
varas on the N. side of Commerce of Giddings was named for him.
St.; S, said street; W, property of 5 Francis Marion, b. 1825, d. a t the
hands of a desperado. El Paso, Texas,
J. H. Kampmann; N, river; E. where he was a practicing physician
property occupied by Dosche and and was at the time of his death at-
tending the transfer of the United
Rische. States mail into Mexico. He was a
graduate of the medical college of
Albert A. Lockwood and Mary Castletown, Vt.
6 Derwith Clinton, b. July 18, 1827, d.
Morelle had: in Brenham, Texas, and engaged in
the practice of law. He was three
1 Heloise. m. Captain Howland. parents terms a member of congress, serving
of Mary. d. y. on the committee of Land Claims, and
2 Emma. b. New York City. m. George Indian Affairs. He entered the Con-
Henry Giddings. in N. Y. City; they
ANGLO-AMERICANS 315
federate service, held the commission (1) James, of Brenham, Texas;
of the war. He was a member of the
State Constitution Convention of 1866. (2) George, of Wichita Falls; (3)
He was chosen by the State Governor
of Texas to go to Europe to manage WUUam, of Ennis; (4) John; and
a law suit between the cotton-growers
and the manufacturers of cotton goods.
(5) Anna, q. s.
He won the case. He m. Malinda Lusk H. Anna (5), m. John N. Brown,
in 1860. of Virginia:
I. John James (3), 1821-186T, was 1 Daisy.
a civU engineer; he surveyed the 2 Ernest Lee, q. s.
3 Clinton Giddings, m. 1st. Ethel Rob-
German colony in Texas, at that inson, of Austin:
time 250 mi. from any settlement i Clinton and
ii Robinson, t w i n s ;
among hostUe Indians. At the com- m. 2nd, Marguerite Muller:
iii John N., b. 1936, in San Antonio.
mencement of the Civil War he 4 Annie Louise, m. Stanhope Henry,
was traveling in one of the mail greatgrandson of Patrick Henry; they
live in Austin: 2 ch.
coaches from San Antonio to Cal- 5 Marguerite, d. y.
ifomia, when the United States III. Ernest Lee (2), m. Benita
Troops were recaUed from the Mount (C. W. and Mary R.):
frontier, and he and all his com- 1 Ernest Lee. Jr.. q. s.
pany were massacred by the In- 2 Ann.
dians. One of his boots and a IV. Emest Lee, Jr. (1), m, Doris
glove was aU that was found to Wofford (Henry R. and Simona
teU his sad fate. James married Broadbent):
MatUda Sloane and they had: 1 Ernest Lee, III.
PASCHAL
The Paschal family in American are
descended from three brothers, who were
thrope County, Georgia. He re-
Huguenot exiles in North Carolina. The ceived most of his education from
Catholic French branch spell the name his mother. As a very young man
"Pascal," without the "h". They are of
the family of the marquises of Roche-
gude.
he was compeUed to seek work
George Paschal was b. in N . C , 1760,
and clerked for a time in a store.
and d. in Ga., 1832. He was the son of He organized and taught a Uttle
William. George m. Agnes Brewer, who
d. in Big Savannah, Ga., 1869, aged 94; school. He was called home tobe
she was of Scotch-Irish stock. with his father during his long Ul-
George W. Paschal, son of George and ness and death. In 1836 news of the
Agnes, sat on the supreme court bench
of Arkansas, and removed to Texas in
1846, and was the author of the volumin-
Goliad massacre of the Georgia
ous digest of the decisions of the Sup- BattaUon resulted in the banding
reme Court. He d. in Washington City, together of a force of men, by
ca 1877, while extending his labors in
legal literature. He m. three times; 1st, Major Augustus Parker, at Rome,
Sarah Ridge, daughter of Major Ridge, a
full blooded Cherokee Indian, by whom: Ga., who came to Texas and join-
Agnes, George (m. Fannie Tilley), and
Ridge; Agnes m. William McNeir. of
ed in the fight for Uberty. Frank-
Md., and they had Paschal (m. Edith Un L. Paschal was elected lieut-
Hogan: Catharine, Leonore and Watie) enant of this company and came
and Forest (m. Stella Frick, daughter of
Henry and May Kissling, of Bandera:
Waldo, Prof, of English at Univ. of N.
to Texas with them. Shortly after-
C , Stella, Ralph, George and Virginia, wards he became commissary of
living in Houston. Texas). George W. Green's brigade. He then became
Paschal had Bessie by his 2nd m., who m.
T. P . O'Connor, M. P . from Ireland. a member of Jack Hays' command,
I. Frank Lafitte, another son of "and was known for his unflinch-
George and Agnes, was born Jan- ing bravery and calm and quiet
uary 15, 1810, at Lexington, Ogle- bearmg which made him the trust-
ed scout who performed many Three years after his retum to

perUous and important services." San Antonio, FrankUn L. Paschal
He must also have been a good met Miss Frances Roach. The re-
rifle shot and an expert horse- sulting courtship and engagement
man, to have joined this com- "was exceedingly romantic in quite
mand. "While on a scouting ex- a different manner than all such
pedition near Leon Springs he affairs of the present day. Mr.
was ambushed and desperately Paschal, we are told, would fre-
wounded. He was confined to his quently take Miss Roach bouquets
bed for several weeks and was of wUd flowers tied with a buck
finaUy removed to Georgia from skin thong." They were married
which state when fully recovered, in the Canterbury home. Mrs. Kate
he retumed to San Antonio, in Merritt was the flower girl. Mrs.
1839." Paschal rode from Gonzales, where
"He was the first sheriff of she was visiting a sister, Mrs. Ed.
Bexar County during the regime Balllnger, on horseback, a dist-
of the Texas republic... He was ance of 90 mi. with every foot of
at one time a member of the City the way beset with danger from
Council and CoUeetor at another Indians, then savage and murder-
and his last service was that of ous. Frances Roach, whose father
a crier of the United States dis- was an EngUshman and whose
trict and circuit court." He was mother was of the McDowell fam-
a member of the association of ily, Episcopalian, was from Char-
Texas Veterans. leston, S. C. This mamage in San
Antonio, took place Msy 30, 1344.
The Hon. Frank L. Paschal de- according to manuscript notes in
parted this life at 8:30 A. M., the family, and is said to have
February 13, 1884, at the residence been the first marriage of Amer-
of his daughter, Mrs. Mary Hup- icans performed in this city. The
pertz, "where he had been ill for Paschal homestead was located on
some time, suffering from pneu- Soledad St., at the site of the
monia." The funeral took place Milam Garage, NE cor. of Salinas.
from the First Presbyterian Church It was decorated with a "fort. -
at 11 o'clock on the morning of like" parapet. It was just N of the
February 14, 1884, members of the old Jaques place. "Mrs. Paschal
Texas Veterans Association acting was a hospitable lady and her
as pallbearers. The deceased was home was always open to friends.
"universaUy esteemed in this City, She often entertained lavishly and
being weU known and was a gen- in the early days army officers
tleman possessing many rare vir- such as Robert E. Lee were fre-
tues which endeared him to all quently guests at the Paschal
who knew him. His record is one home."
of which his relatives may weU
feel proud of and a heritage that Franklin L. and Frances had:
they will be able to look upon al- (1) Ann, m. Eugene Archer; "she
ways with pride. The deceased was burned to death in a fire
was at one time possessed of ample tragedy that destroyed their home
means but died leaving but Uttle in Uvalde in 1875;" they had a
else other than the worthy record dau. Florence; (2) Agnes; (3)
above aUuded to." George, m. Emma Vasma; he was
ANGLO-AMERICANS 317
District Attorney for several years; Aaron and Anne had Aaron, who m.
1st, Mary Evans, of Phila., and m. 2nd.
he d. whUe Mayor of the City, Mary Test. Aaron had by his 1st m . :
1894; (4) Frank, the doctor; d. Josiah Evans, who m. Sally Judson,
daughter of George and Emeline Campbell,
1926; m. Lady Jane Grey Napier, daughter of Moses Campbell of Bedford
County, Virginia, and Zarilda Parish, who
parents of (i) Edwin, who m. 1st, moved from Va. to Ky., and then to Texas
Gladys Woods by whom: Frank in 1834 or 1835. Josiah and SaUy had
George, m. Carrie Walthall, above, she
and Edwin, Jr.; and who m. 2nd, is d.: 5 ch.; Emeline. m. Leon Walthall,
Mary Downie; (U) NeUie, who m. above; Mary (d. 1936). m. Joshua Dove:
4 ch.; Frank, m. Ann Delano Hartwell;
Walter WalthaU, by whom: 5 Nellie; Joseph, m. Fannie £ . Byus; and
sons; (Ui) Bettie, who m. George Henry, m. Mary Dick.
Aaron had by his 2nd m . : Rena; Beulah;
Saunders, by whom: George and H a r r i e t ; Francelia; William, m. Clara
Fred Anderson (PearsaU, Texas); Caffery of Louisiana (parents of Mary
and E d i t h ) ; and Aaron, m. Mary Soper
(iv) Frank, who m. Stella Plum- (parents of Elsie).
mer, (wid. of Grant MUls) by
whom: Frank and Lady Jane, I. Isaiah Addison Paschal, an able
twins and Stella Mae; and (v) lawyer, and his wife, Mary Chew
George, who m. Mary Louise Richardson, daughter of WilUam
Steele, by whom: George, Jr. and and Martha Robinson, came to
James Steele; (5) Mary, m. 1872, San Antonio late in the spring of
H. J. Huppertz, parents of Paschal; 1846. They first occupied the old
Ernestine (m. WUUam Schoch); FretelUere house on che W. side
George; and Mary Frances, prin- of N. Flores St. In the latter part
cipal of the Hawthorne Junior of 1853, or the early part of 1854,
High School, San Antonio; (6) they moved their home to Oak-
Augustus, d. 1879: S. A.; and (7) land St., the site occupying part
Ernest, d. 1896: S. A. of the present Graves homestead.
Judge and Mrs. Isaiah A. Paschal
WALTHALL had: (1) Thomas, q. s.: (2) Em-
Leon N. Walthall, originally of Tenn..
met, b. Sept. 20, 1854; m. Mattie
moved to Marion, Ala. From there he Kinney; and (3) Florence, b. Sept.
came to San Antonio after the Civil War.
By his wife Martha Elizabeth Walthall, 20, 1860; d. in San Antonio, 1866.
his first cousin, there were 2 sons: John,
who came with his father, m. Fannie
n . Thomas Moore (1), b. in Alex-
Degues. Christine, John. Leon (m. 1st, andria, La., December 15, 1845; sus-
Emeline Pancoast; m. 2nd, Mary Davis), tained a distinguished reputation
Carrie (m. George Pancoast), and Mattie
(m. Arthur Leman), twins. The other
son (of Leon and Martha), who came to
at the bar of San Antonio from
Texas later. was Thomas J., who m. his arrival in 1846 to his death in
Alice Lee Du Bose, by whom: Thomas J., 1869. He was many years state
J r . (m. Marjorie Taylor), James Du Bose
(m. Mary Adele Carson), Richard 6 . (m. senator. "He was able, eloquent,
Bessie Garrison), Walter (m. Nellie Pas-
chal, above), Daisy (m. C. H. Folbe), Leona genial and given to the protection
(m. Arthur C. Upleger), Eugene (m. Faith
Larkin, wid. of Mr. Watson), and Wil-
of the poor and necessitous; withal
son J. (m. Nina Trimble). a man of superior personal pre-
sence." He m. Apr. 13, 1871 (St.
PANCOAST Mark's) Florida A. Mayes (WU-
Joseph Pancoast, Quaker, of Northamp-
liam and Mary Cotton), of Mem-
tonshire, England, was father of John, phis, Tenn.; they had:
who with William Penn and others, sign-
ed thp Jersey Concessions, March 3, 1676,
and arrived a t Burlington, West N. J., 1 Natalie, m. Capt. Celwyn E. Hampton:
on the "Paradise,' William Evelyn, mas- i Dorothy Paschal, m. Heber Powell,
ter, October, 1680. John was father of Wil- Episcopal minister: daughter, b.
liam, who had William, Jr., father of 1928; Kansas City.
Aaron, who had Aaron, Jr., who married ii Helen Natalie, m. Arthur A. Hop-
Anne Cooper, and who moved from Phila- kins : Undine Helen, and Paschal
delphia to San Antonio in 1853. Arthur, N . Y.
iii Carmen Emerson, m. Robert 3 Harold, m. Ethel Wade; Mexico City.

Brown Moore: Dorris Virginia, 4 Elmcre Tom.
Galveston. 5 Pauline, m. Charles Henry Benson, of
Lenore; living in the old home in New York City, Manager of the Amer-
Natalen St. ican Express Co., in the Far East.370
JONES
Thomas Griffith Jones of Wales, immigrated to the United States
from that country, first to Pennsylvania, pushing on further west to
or near MassUlon, Ohio. "He was the first Baptist Minister west of
the AUegheny Mountams. He became very prominent in many ways,
and must have been a most active and able man. He became a mem-
ber of the Ohio State Legislature and a banker, besides being engaged
in other businesses." He married Susana Jones, not of his own family,
whose ancestors settled in the Welsh Delaware Tract of Pennsylvania
in 1639. Thomas G. and his wife moved to Worcester, Ohio in 1801
Their son:
I. Enoch, b. at Worcester, Ohio, 1802; (d. 1863); was principally
self educated and at about the age of 12, entered the grocery store of
Mr. Alexander, thus beginning his long successful and honorable
busmess career. "Before his majority he secured the contract to con-
struct the locks and the westem division of the Pennsylvania Canal
and in his younger years constructed the dam at Johnston, one of
the first large reservoir dams ever erected in this country." After his
engineering on the Erie Canal construction, he moved from MassiUon
to Detroit, Mich., where he began a most extensive business, "startmg
a store in the city and engaging on a large scale, in lumber manu-
facturing in that thickly wooded country."
Accordmg to Head Rights, I, 103, Enoch Jones emigrated to Texas
a single man, previous to October 1, 1837; famUy tradition stating that
he was here, and probably in San Antonio, as early as 1835. He re-
mained about one year, and retumed to St. Louis, accordmg to the
testimony of John W. Smith and Samuel Kinney.
Enoch Jones married in 1838, Mrs. OUve Ann Selkirk, widow of
Charles Webb. "The business in Detroit not proving successful, he
came to Texas in 1839, [with his famUy] and in partnership with Mr.
Smith, began the extensive purchase of wUd land. After a short time
he returned North, settling in St. Louis and again starting a most ex-
tensive commercial busmess and founded a trade which extended through-
out aU the Southwest. "Mr. Smith, partner of Mr. Jones, dying about
1845, the latter closed out his busmess in St. Louis and retumed to
Texas, with his family. They landed at Galveston, Feb. 11, 1846; saU-
ed to Port Lavaca; where they remamed a month; and then came to
San Antonio.
They first lived on the west side of the Plaza, off Trevino St.,
next to the Cathedral, their neighbors being the Brackett family. Here
370 Family MSS.; Biographical Ency. of the New West; MS Notes by Mary Wagenfehr;
Express, Feb. 14, 1884; Light, May 13. 1924; Richardson family bible, dating from 1773;
Express, Sept. 2. 1892; Roller. Rev. Robert Douglas. "Richardson-De Priest Family".
£^<X'mle-.
ANGLO-AMERICANS 319
Mr. Jones opened a general merchandise store. In 1847 he buUt what

Barnes says, p. 192, was the first three story house in San Antonio, at
the site of the old Municipal Hall or Casas Reales, NE cor. of the Plaza
and Market St. "Enoch Jone's partner in this establishment was Joseph
Ulrich yet residing here." adds Barnes, in 1910, "at the comer of
Avenue C and Fourth St. Ulrich, who was a printer, set up the pros-
pectus announcing the forthcoming of Horace Greely's New York
Tribune. He enjoys the distinction of being the only present San An-
tonian whose name has consecutively appeared on every city directory
in that city from the first, one pubUshed [1877] up to the one issued
this [1910] year. He for years, was secretary of the Waterworks com-
pany." Mr. Jones gave the adjoining property to the city and had a
new market house built back of his store in 1858. The first market
house, at approximately the same site, dated from April 23, 1840. The
one designed after the Greek-temple model, 1858, was buUt by John
Fries and David Russi, leading contractors of the time. Under an ap-
propriation in 1849, they restored the Alamo Mission cluster, devoting
particular attention to the front of the church. David Russi built the
First Presbyterian Church at the NE cor. of Flores and Houston Sts.
He also built the French BuUding at the SE cor, of Dolorosa and Dwyer
Ave., which was owned by John C. French, the weU known capitalist,
president of the S. A. Gas Co., organized in 1860.
Mrs. Jones died in 1847.
Mrs. Jones, by her first husband, Charles Webb, had a daughter
Sarah L. ("SaUy"), b. in Detroit, Mich., who married James H. French,
"who was the best mayor [1877] San Antonio ever had," says Barnes,
p. 217, "and who made more improvements and built more bridges
than any mayor with less money," and who "was a well known mer-
chant and a man of splendid physique and of great dignity. He was
very handsome and of distinguished appearance. He was mayor for
nearly two decades, being generally elected without opposition." His
son Charles went out to Califomia; his son Junius, was a Presbyterian
minister, located at Ft. Worth; his daughter, OlUe, married Joe Devine.
Mrs. French was an origmal member of the First Presbyterian Church.
She was a genealogist, and was a member of various historical societies
(see Wright, S. A. de Bexar, 96-101).
"Sarah L. (Webb) French, widow of James H. French, for many
years mayor of San Antonio, was for over 70 years a citizen of the
metropoUs. Bom in Detroit, Mich., she was first brought by her pa-
rents to Port Lavaca, Texas, in 1839, when but three years of age. They
did not remain long at this time, but returned in 1846, coming to San
Antonio where they continued to reside. Mrs. French was fond of and
a great favorite in society, having a briUiant mind, while the promin-
ence of her own and her husband's family gave her unusual oppor-
tunities to meet and know the leading Texans and visitors to the State
before the war. She was one of the origmal memoers of the First
Presbyterian church, whose corner-stone was laid with much ceremony,
February 29, 1860. A genealogist of note, she was a member of various
historical and patriotic societies and served as first State Regent of
Texas for the Daughters of the Revolution, also as regent of the San
Antonio de Bexar Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolu-
tion, and a State Chaplain in 1914. She died one day after the 22nd
anniversary of the death of her husband."37i
At one time Mr. Jones owned 40 Spanish leagues, or about 75,000
A. of land; in the late 50's, he acquired a fine tract on the Medina,
12 mi. SW of San Antonio, where he built a stone mansion, later pur-
chased by the Count Von Ormy (1885).
Enoch and Olive Ann had:
1 Olive, m. March 8, 1860, Thornton Augustin Washington (John Thornton Augustin
and Elizabeth Conrad Bedinger), a descendant of Colonel Samuel Washington,
brother of George Washington, President of the United States. Thornton A
Washington was the acting assistant adjutant general ef the Department of
Texas.
2 Flora Kate, m. April 17, 1866 (St. Mark's). Major Hardin B. Adams, of the Con-
federate army, first commander of the "Alamo Rifles" (formed in 1857), after
the Civil War who in the late 60's, with E. D. L. Wickes, under the firm name
of Adams and Wickes, carried on an important business in wagons and trains.
In May, 1871, they received a government contract for transportation of all
government merchandise; and again in 1876, for route No. 2. Majer Adams was
one of San Antonio's most public spirited and progressive citizens. He promot-
ed a Water Works as early as 1875. The earliest agitation for a water works
began about May, 1870. George M. Maverick made the first really definite pro-
position for a water works. May, 1873. A meeting was held at the Menger Hotel,
1875, in the interest of the installation of a water works, Mr. Nathan, president
of the N. Y. Water Works Co., present. The company offered to lay a system
of water pipes and SO fire hydrants, the expense of which was to be brought
before the City Council at the next meeting. At subsequent meetings it was de-
cided to reduce the guaranty demanded by the company from the city to $25,000.
The president selected a committee, Messrs. DashieU, Hahn, Muench, Cupples,
Adams, Kampmann, and Graves, to confer with S. J. Lockwood to alter pro-
posals for the installation of a water vorks system, that might be acceptable to
all. On September 7, 1875, the press announced that a Water Works Co., had
been organized in San Antonio by F. Giraud, H. B. Adams, T. J . Devine, J . S.
Lockwood, Jacob Waelder, E. D. L. Wickes, and H. Hampmann, elected tempor-
ary president, with Mr. Giraud as temporary secretary. However, late in 1876,
nothing definite had been accomplished. Mr. La Coste then made tbe city a pro-
position to cover a 9 mi. area, each party to have the use of 75 gal. daily, the
cost of 10 gal. not to exceed 6c. He then set forth a contract in which he had
15 months from April 3, 1877, to complete the water mains. The full proposi-
tion was placed before the City Council, April 5, 1877. With a few changes and
alterations, a committee finally recommended the acceptance of the La Ceste
plan in preference to three others submitted. La Coste, after Foutrel, was one
of the first manufacturers of ice on a large scale in San Antonio. The water
works contract was ratified by the City Council, June 21 1877. An office was
opened in Ed. Rische's Cigar Store, December 1, 1877. The original investment
was said to be $100,000. The foundation of the pump house was laid January
28, 1878. The first mains were laid on Avenue C, February 6, 1878. Formal ac-
ceptance was dated July 10, 1878. Nine days later an ice factory was put into
operation, in connection with the water works (the earlier ioe factory having
been started »n 1866). Formal inspection of the completed water works took
place April 8, 1879. The stockholders in 1879 were J. B. La Coste, Geo. W.
Brackenridge, Wm. G. Freeman, James P. Newcomb, W. R. Freemand, and F .
Herff, Jr., who issued $50,000 stock. J. H. Kampmann, G. H. Noonan, Jacob
Waelder and J. A. Fraser were added to the list of directors. La Coste sold to
Brackenridge in 1883.
The San Antonio Street Railway Co., chartered May 2, 1874, had the fol-
lowing officers in 1877: H. B. Adams, Pres.; J. H. Kampmann, Vice Pres.; James
P. Newcomb, Secy.; J. S. Lockwood, Treas.; and the directors: H. B. Adams,
J. H. Kampmann, R. C. Norton, E. D. L. Wickes, Jacob Waelder, D . Devine,
J. S. Lockwood ("Historical Facts from First City Directory of San Antonio for
1877-78," reprinted for Albert Steves, Naylor, 1931). In June, 1878, the press
announced that Mr. Adams acted as driver of Car No. 1, of the S. A. Street
Railroad. By August of that year, 1878, the owners of wagon trains had or-
371 Mrs. French's Reminiscences of Early Days in Bexar, are published in Wright, Mrs.
S. J. "San Antonio de Bexar," S. A. Express, article by Col. Crimmins, after an interview
with a member of the Jones family. 1929; and Ibid., July 19, 1931. Barnes, Charles Merritt,
"Combats and Conquests of Immortal Heroes"; Chabot, Frederick C , "Historic San Antonio.
Guide," M S . ; and Wagenfehr Mary, Ms. Notes, compiled for C. W. A. Project, were all con-
sulted in preparing this sketch.
ANGLO-AMERICANS 321
ganized and called themselves the " S . A. Transportation Co."; members: Froboese,
Monier, Adams, Walker, Medina, Smith, Hernandez, Holly and Caldron.
In 1877 Mr. Adams was promoting a $200,000 hotel in San Antonio. In 1881
he was active for the I & G N ; he offered land for a new market house; and
was particularly generous to his church, St. Mark's. He was vice president of
the "San Antonio Building & Loan Association," organized June, 1874, which
held regular meetings at his office the first Thursday of every month.
Flora Kate and Hardin B. had: go W. Gray, and J. L. Trueheart.
(i) Charles, d. y., 1870; and (U) Ira and Carmen had*
Hardin Wickes, b. Christmas, 1869; 1 Alfred, m. Blanche.
m. 1st, Nann Davis; m. 2nd, Emily 2 Mary, m. Edward Whittmore:
Griesenbeck; (DaUas). i Edward.
3 Ira (Grobert Hypolite Ira, b. Aug.,
Enoch m. 2nd, May 22, 1852, 1855, and bapt. at San Fernando), m.
Charlotte Jones, above:
Charlotte Tomkins, who had come i Charlotte.
to San Antonio in 1850, with her ii Ira.
iii Carmen.
brother Walter, from New York.
4 Catherina, m. David Powell:
She was a highly educated wom- i Angle,
an, and with her sister, Mary E., ii a son.
iii Flora, m. Don Bliss.
who m. February, 1852, Col. Samuel 5 Flora, m. William Bush, of St. Louis:
G. Newton, advertised the opening i Carmenita.
ii William.
of the San Antonio Female Semin- 6 Edward.
ary, November 15, 1852. Enoch and 7 Mortimer Julius, m. Mary Siemering,
Charlotte had: (3) Charlotte, q. daughter of August and Clara Schuetze,
b. Aug. 14, 1843, daughter of Louis
s.; and (4) Mary, twins; d. aged and Emilie Ritter, of Dessau, Ger-
5; (5) Enoch, d. y.; (6) Enoch many. August Siemering was the
brother of Mrs. Frederick Groos. He
Griffith, q. s.; and (7) Eleanor, m. started the "Frei Presse fuer Texas" ;
and later with W. B. Moore and J. P .
Harry Ryan; parents of: (i) Char- Newcomb, started the "Express," "A.
lotte, librarian, Jacksonville, IU.; Siemering & Co., Publishers," in com-
petition with the "San Antonio Her-
and (ii) AUcia, m. Henry D. Lock- ald." San Antonio's first newspaper,
the "Westem Texian," was founded by
ley, by whom: AUcia BeUe (Del a Mr. West, and owned by Nat Lewis,
Rio), and H. D., Jr. Sr. and his partner, J. D. Groesbeeck.
"It was printed in the old Lewis Mill
whose mill stones were the first in
II. Enoch Grififth (6), m. Kate Texas and brought over by the thirteen
Carolan; and had: (1) Enoch, m. Canary Island colonists," says Barnes,
p. 175. "One of these stones is now
Marie Bird (of Wise; Okla.); (2) in the Alamo chapel placed there by
myself through the instrumentality of
EUzabeth (Washington, D. C.); and the late Frank Grice, who obtained it
(3) Thomas Griffith, "Griff," m. from the owner, Nat Lewis, J r . The
paper, a weekly, was called the "West
Mirriam Jauchler; by whom he Texan," the editor and progenitor hav-
had: Constance. ing been Henry Lewis, one of the very
early brainy men of Texas. It made
its initial appearance in 1848. Lewis
HEWITT was succeeded by a man named Glass
after the cholera scourge in 1849 car-
ried off one of its editors. It lived
Accordmg to the San Fernando just a decade when it was succeeded by
church records, Ira Leslie Hewitt, tbe "Ledger" established by Jacob
Walker, who had been one of its staff
of the Protestant reUgion, the son until dissention arose. Wallcer finally
of Robert Hewitt and Catharme secured control of the Texan and
merged it into the "Ledger." It was
Strope, married July 20, 1845, Ma- purchased by Van Derlip and Hewitt,
who had it but a short time, when it
ria del Carmen Seguin, daughter passed into the hands of Michael Burke,
of Mariano, deceased, and Maria who conv«4rted it into a d-iily, the first
daily published in San Antonio, 1856.
de Jesus Herrera; with godparents Burke was succeeded by William Mave-
and witnesses: John Twohig, Ma- rick, with headquarters in the Vera-
mendi Palace, with John A. Logan,
ria Josefa Agustin Becerra, Santia- manager.
DEVINE
William Devine, implicated in the Rebellion of 1798, emigrated
from Waterford County, Ireland, in that year, settUng in Truro and
HaUfax, Nova Scotia. He m. in Ireland, Catherine Maxwell, by whom
he had six sons and one daughter, who d. y.:
1 William, Jr., spent his life in Nova Scotia.
2 Thomas Jefferson, q. s.
3 Dr. James M., was treasurer of the City of San Antonio 1848-9; and mayor from
(his election, Dec. 25, 1848), Jan. 1, 1849 to Jan. 1, 1851; J a n . 1, 1853 to J a n .
1, 1854; J a n . 1, 1856 tc June 3, 1S57, when he resigned by letter- With J. A. Pas-
chal and W. B. Knox, he was delegated to revise the city Charter and Ordinances
(March 19, 1857). "Owned the property on which the present United States Ar-
senal a t San Antonio is situated;" he sold this property to the State of Texas,
who deeded it to the Southern Confederate States Government during the Civil
War. "The Confederacy having lost, one of the results of its unavailing struggle
was the successful confiscation of this magnificent property by the United States
Government." Dr. James M. Devine, a Union sympathizer went to Connecticut.
His descendants by two marriages are now scattered in New Haven. Conn., Col-
lumbus O., and Denver, Colo.
4 Daniel: S. A . ; alderman in San Antonio. 1847.
5 Joseph, became a prominent business man of New Orleans. He d. suddenly of
yellow fever en route to New York: S. A.
6 Gregory: S. A., owned valuable property in Texas.
I. Thomas Jefferson (2) b. at Halifax, N. S., Feb. 28, 1820. He was

thrown upon his own resources early in Ufe. He worked for different
firms in New York to get his education At the age of 15 he became
a clerk in a clothing house in TaUahasse, Fla. In 1838 he entered the
law office of Truxton Davidson, at WoodviUe, Miss., where he read law
for nearly two years. According to family tradition he was also in
the office of Judge Perkins Smith, who was afterward Chief Justice
of Miss., and also attended a law school in Tenn. He spent three years
in Transylvania University, Law Department, in Lexington, Ky., where
he graduated. This same year he received his Ucense from the Sup-
reme Court of Kentucky, and was admitted to the state bar. Late in
1842 he came to Texas, settUng first at La Grange, where he met Helen
Ann Elder (dau. of Dr. Thomas G. Elder, pioneer 1837 or 1838 planter
of that vicinity, of a prominent CathoUc famUy of Kentucky), his
future wife. They were married October 31, 1844. The same year
(1844) the Devines came to San Antonio, chiefly through the influence
of Samuel Maverick, and permanently settled here. Mr. Devine pur-
chased a tract of land on the banks of the San Antonio River, just off
what is now S. St. Mary's St., near Alamo St. Their first home was
a smaU adobe house on the Concepcion ditch, though upon their ar-
rival in San Antonio, they spent several weeks with the EUiots. Two
chUdren were bom to them in this first home, but died of the cholera
in 1849. This disease, according to Mr. Newcomb, was brought from
Asia to New Orleans, then to Port Lavaca, and then to San Antonio,
where it started among the Mexicans. The Devines then left the city
limits to live on a plantation. But during the same year (1849) they
had their permanent home constructed on South Flores St., northeast
corner of W. Sheridan. In the garden there stUl remains a cedar tree,
which was brought in a potato, and planted there in 1849.
ANGLO-AMERICANS 32&
Thomas Jefferson Devine was delegated to represent the City of

San Antonio in law suits, Sept. 9, 1844. The foUowing year (March
15, 1845) he entered into a contract with the City Attorney. He resign-
ed as City Attorney, Sept. 6, 1850, to which position he had been elect-
ed, Feb. 23, 1850. He was elected District Attorney and was re-elected
to that office until 1851, when he was elected District Judge of Bexar
County, which office he held untU the breaking out of the Civil War,
1861. "He was appointed associate justice of the Texas Supreme Court
by Governor Coke, at that time Hon. Oran M. Roberts being its chief
justice." Judge Devine was closely associated with John James in the
claiming of lands for the city, against unlawful squatters; he attend-
ed to many legal matters, whUe Mr. James engineered the survey,
and was instrumental in plotting the new town map. He owned The
Western Texan newspaper (untU Dec. 23, 1852). He was a promoter
and corporator of the San Antonio and Mexican Gulf Railroad, charter-
ed in 1850, J. W. Clarke of New York, President, which railroad was
destroyed by the Confederates in 1863 under Magruder, and con-
sequently never reached San Antonio.
As a Southern sympathizer, Thomas Jefferson Devine was a pro-
minent figure in the Texas secession convention of 1861. He was one
of the committee of safety to confer with General David E. Twiggs
(headquarters in the Veramendi House) in the demand for the sur-
render of government stores and ammunition at the post of San An-
tonio (which surrender was made in the Veramendi House). The other
Confederate commissioners were Samuel A. Maverick and P. N. Luckett,
who became a Colonel of a Texas Confederate Infantry regiment and
served throughout the Civil War. Judge Devine was also one of the
Confederate commissioners to receive all property seized in Texas by
the Confederacy. He was appointed by the Confederate States as judge
of the district of Western Texas. "In 1863 the threatened troubles be-
tween Mexico and the Confederate States called for an adjustment
and at the request of General Kirby Smith, Judge Devine was sent
as a mediator to the City of Mexico, where the matter was amicably
adjusted."
"After the close of the CivU War Judge Devine removed to Mexico,
but remained only a few months. On his return he was arrested by
the federal authorities and confined at Fort Jackson for four months
but was finally released [early in January 1866] on giving bond that
he would confine his residence to San Antonio. He became very Ul
in prison. In San Antonio he was twice indicted for high treason. "He
enjoyed the distinction, together with Jefferson Davis and Clement
Clay of being the only three who were charged with treason during
the Civil War and the only ones to have been pardoned without trial,
accused of such offence. He, Maverick and Luckett, the three Con-
federate commissioners, were sued by the United States Govemment
for $2,500,000 the valuation placed by the United States upon the seiz-
ed property placed in their charge as such commissioners. This suit
was dismissed by the late United States District Attorney Andrew Jack-
son Evans shortly before the latter's death." He was pardoned by the
President of the United States, June 17, 1867.
In 1871 Judge Devine became associated with Judge Isaac P.
Simpson, "and the firm title of Devine & Simpson was known in San
Antonio until it was dissolved in 1873 through Judge Devine's appoint-
ment [1874] to the supreme bench by Govemor Coke." In 1875 he re-
signed the supreme judgeship, and again devoted his energies to the
practic of law." He was baUotted for the governorship of Texas, but
withdrew. His steady refusal to have his name used in connection
with pubUc office kept him out of poUtics. "As a lawyer he was con-
sidered in the front ranks, and as a man he was bold, open, and both
physicaUy and morally fearless. He was considered the poor man's
friend in both his official and civU capacities—patient in judicial in-
vestigation, and courteous and gentle in his manner toward aU man-
kind. His sense of humor was very fine, and his aptness at repartee
made him a central figure in company," says Barnes. He was regent
of The University of Texas, 1881-1882.
Judge Devine, after lying at the point of death for nearly a week,
died very peacefuUy at about 4:30 A. M., Sunday, March 16, 1890, at
his residence on South Flores St. The cause of his death dated back
to January 1, during which month he was attacked with la grippe in
a very acute form. Prom this he was confined to his bed for sev-
eral weeks and never fuUy recovered. New compUcations arose, which
together with age and general debiUty, resulted in his death as stated.
Funeral services were held at the famUy residence on Wednesday af-
temoon March 19, 1890; the cortege moving from the St. Mary's Street
Church, to lay the body at final rest.
Thomas Jefferson Devine and »*ts of: Hazel, Catherine Fior-
.„,.,., - _ _ • * * _ , ence, and John Leonard.
h l S W i f e H e l e n A n n h a d 10 C h . : 4 Helen Alice, b. March 31, 1861; m.
1st, William Smith, b. March 3, 1856,
1 Thomas NetterviUe, b. d. Oct. 16, 1907; son of Colonel Larkin
m. Feb. 28, 1878 (St. Mark's Episcopal Smith and Catherine Storrow Brown,
Ch. records), Mary Ringgold, dau. of dau. of General Jacob Brown of the
James (m. Susan Anne Gardiner), son War of 1812:
of Richard (m. Frances Isabel Livings- i T. J . Devine, d. S. A.
ton), son of Jacob, son of WiUiam ii William Spencer, d.: S. A.
Ringgold, b. in Maryland in 1728 (m. iii Helen Elder; m. Claiborne Adams;
Sarah Jones) : both d.: S. P.
i Helen Gardiner, b. Jan. 27, 1879; iv Gregory Daniel, m . : S. P. (Los
m. Richard Garner MUler: Kleber Angeles, CaL)
Ringgold (reporter for the "Even- v Larkin Brown, m. Anna Gramann:
ing News"), Bradford Francis, Larkin, Jr., Henry Albert, and
and Helen Mary. Carl (Victoria, Texas),
ii Thomas Ringgold, d.: S. A. vi George Malvern, m. Katherine
iii Florence, d.: S. A. Alsbury, wid, of AUen Matthew*:
iv Kate Frances, d.: S. A. S. P . (San Antonio).
v
2 Joseph PhUip, q. s. " Storrow Devine, m. Edward Wii.
8
3 Kate, m. 1st. Tom Elder; son of dJejr" g ^ S L I S ^ T ' Helen El-
Thomas L . : ' Edward W., Jr., and Stor-
w
i John Devine. d. Dec. 13, 1936, w ™ P,!™** e .4. t t
aged 49 years.; m. LiUian E. Par- wnifo5 t 8
w T i h! u s^bma int dJ 1 ' Sl r < pS i e r 1 . o f
rott, of Kentucky; parents of: T ^ f ^ l J ^ . } d ^D e v .m e r e s :i Jd e n>c e -'- a
Kv-
Helen Mary. m. Ben Forrest Q V £ , %? * 7 24
Sharp: Ben, J r . ; Catherine Flor- 5K
A.VI^ ™ « A ,fl« T, . m •
ence. m. Harold Stanley Vorpahl: ^ ^2 , ASl b?e rrt ' I dd -: sl 9 ZAV m * B e S 8 i e W e i r :
Myron Gregory; and John D., Jr., » - - -
m. Evelyn McCullough: Mary
Johnie and Phylis Anne. II. Joseph PhUip (2), b. July 17
^ i ' S t i e ^ ^ i S n ^ & n ; pa- 1856; d. May 28, 1902; ranchman;
ANGLO-AMERICANS 325
alderman and city assessor; m. ii David J .

iii Patricia.
OUve French, dau. of Capt. James i n . Joseph PhiUp (3), b. Oct. 29,
Henry French and Sarah Webb; 1881; d. March 3, 1936; general
she d. Jan. 26, 1936: agent. Life Insurance; m. 1st, Bel-
1 Sarah L., m. James Francis Clarkson.
City Attorney of Corpus Christi; lived le Throop, by whom:
in San Diego. Texas, where he was 1 Olive Kenner.
county attorney and county judge.
2 Helen Ann, "Olive." d. 1920: S. A. 2 Virginia.
3 Joseph Philip, q. s. m. 2nd, Ann Elizabeth Fitzgibbon. by
4 James Henry, d. y. whom:
3 Joseph Philip, q. s.
5 Thomas Jefferson, b. Feb. 26, 1887; 4 Thomas Franklin.
m. Sept. 24, 1924, Helen McKibbin, 5 Helen Olive.
of Minn., by whom:
i Thomas J., Jr.. b. Aug. 23. 1927. IV. Joseph PhUip (3), b. 1917, in
6 William Webb, m. Isabel Lamar, by
whom:
San Antonio; Uving in Cincinnati,
i William W., J r . O.
ii Lamar French, These data are principally from famUy
iii Mary Frances, records; from Meredith. Mary Owen, "The
iv Lanier. Life and Work of Thomas Jefferson De-
7 Franklin French, m. Elizabeth Mas- vine," Thesis, The University of Texas.
terson, of Houston, by whom: August 1930; and from the local press:
i Franklin F., J r . " S . A. Ledger," and "Express" (June 21,
1927, March 19, 1890 and AprU 6. 1905).
GROESBEECK
Nicolaas Jacobse Groesbeeck was bom was Lieut, of the Albany County troops,
in about 1626. He came to New York in m. 1st, 1690, Arianntje Ver Planck (daugh-
1662, on the ship "Half Moon", from Rot- ter of Abraham and Maria Vigne; Abraham
terdam. He was by trade a carpenter. accompanied Governor Stuyvesant in 1656
"On the 10th of October, 1696, he deposed in his expedition against the Swedes on
that he was about 72 years old; he then South River, and was a member of "the
had a house and lot on the west side of twelve men" from 1641 to 1642). Their
Pearl St., the 2nd north of Maiden Lane oldest, of 8 ch., was Melgert, who m.
(Albany, N. Y.) ; his wife was Elizabeth... May 17, 1696, Catharina Van Alen, daugh-
made a will January 3, 1707-7," and men- ter of Lourens, who enherited a large es-
tioned in it, 7 ch., of whom: WUliam tate from her father who was a son-in-
(Claas), the 3rd ch. (d. 1722), m. Gertruy law of De Bruyn. who had a land patent
Schuyler in about 1684. "In the year 1650 on the Hudson. Their 4th ch., Maria, bapt.
there arrived at New Amsterdam two J a n . 1, 1703, m. David Groesbeeck, pa-
brothers, David and Philip Pieterse Van rents of 11 ch., of whom: John D., the
Schuyler. They were, as their name im- 10th ch., b. July 12, 1741, m. 2nd, 1773,
plies, sons of Peter Van Schuyler, who is Catalina Van Schaick. Gozen Gerritse Van
said by tradition to have been an es- Schaick and Philip Pieterse Schuyler re-
timable merchant of Amsterdam, Hol- ceived from three Mohican Indians, as a
land. . . Philip Schuyler used a coat of grant, Sept. 11, 1665, Quahemesicos Is-
arms directly upon his arrival in America," land. Schuyler conveyed his interest to
which arms were found on an old piece Gozen Van Schaick by deed of July 12,
of famUy plate. The two brothers set- 1674; "the latter having by his will de-
tled first a t Fort Orange (Albany), where vised the said lands to his wife Annetje.
the younger, David Pieterse Schuyler mar- After his death she conveyed them to his
ried, Oct. 13, 1667, Catylntje, daughter of son Anthony (in accordance with an an-
Abraham Isaacsen Ver Planck, the owner tenuptial contract) for '550 good mer-
of Paulus Hook. David and Catlyntje had chantable beaver skins'. The Dutch called
S ch., of whom: Gertrude, b. Sept. 19. this "Long Island" and it was sometimes
1*31, m. Wm. Groesbeeck, parents of 6 known as "Whale Island" because a
ch., of whom: David, 3rd ch., m. Maria whale running up the Hudson became
Vanderpuel, of the famUy who lived or- stranded there. After Anthony Van Schaick
iginally in Gorichem. on the Rhine. In took possession it was known as "An-
1600, or thereabouts, one branch settled thony's Island" and occasionally referred
in Amsterdam, Holland, coming to Amer- to as "Cohoes Island" or "Isle of Cohoes."
ica, not long after. The first in America The Van Schaick family were arms bear-
was Teunis (Anthony) Cornells. Wynant ing. Captain Gozen Gerritse was a brew-
Gerritse (son of Gerrit van der Poel, prob- er and a prominent resident of Albany
ably b. in Holland, and who was in Al- (b. 1633, d. 1676). "He does not appear to
bany as early as 1657) was by trade a have occupied the island himself. In 1680
gunsmith. He remained in Albany until Harmon Lievense or Lieveise was an oc-
1694. His will, dated February 29, 1696, cupant and one Van Schoonhoven had a
states that he was then of New York, farm there in 1681. He was probably a
formerly of Albany. He m. Tryntje Mel- relative of Annetje Livense, the 2nd wife
gers. Their son Melgert (1649-1720) who of Capt. Van Schaick. Anthony Van
Schaick who m. Maria Van Der Poel lived beeck was very probably the first
upon this island as is clearly proved by
his will," The Van Schaick farm was wholesale druggist in Texas. The
occupied by the famUy for nearly two hun-
dred years- "The dwelling house was built
Houston Telegraph of Jan. 26, 1846,
prior to 1737." Gozen Gerritse Van Schaick announced that "J. D. Groesbeeck
came from Westerbroeck, Holland, in the
service of KUian Van Rensselaer, arriving
has removed his drugs and medi-
in 1637, probably on the ship "Rens- cines to the room formerly occupied
selaerswyck." He was commissioned Lieut, by D. Niel, next door to Torrey and
of the Militia in 1670; Capt. in 1676, and
was a magistrate a t Fort Orange, 1664." Brother. . ." He sold his entire
(St. Nicholas Society Records, II, 131).
Capt. Gozen Gerritse Van Schaick m. 1649, interests to his cousin, A. Groes-
Gerrtje Barents Peelen, Their 2nd, of i»
ch., was Sybrant, b. "ca." 1653, in Al-
beeck, and to WilUam Marsh Rice,
bany, d. there, 1685; m. Elizabeth Van the founder of the Rice Institute
Der Poel (Anthony and Catrina Croon) ; of Houston, and came to San An-
parents of Gerrit, bapt. Jan. 4, 1685, m.
Oct. 23, 1705, in 2Si. Y. City, Sarah Goe- tonio in 1846. Here he entered
wey. They had 9 ch., of whom Johan-
nes, the 5th, b. Apr. 20, 1712, m. July 9, business in 1847, with Nathaniel
1736, Alida Bogart; parents of Catalina,
who m. John D. Groesbeeck, in 1773, his
Lewis, his brother-in-law. They
2nd wife, as recorded in the Dutch Church began banking. Their house of
of Albany; parents of 10 ch., of whom: business was located on the south
Jacob D., the 6th ch., b. Feb. 28, 1786,
at Albany; m. Nov. 9, 1805, Catherine side of Main Plaza, one of the
Shever, b. Jan. 29, 1787. Gerhart Schaef-
fer, b. in Germany, came to America in two houses in the plaza, in front
1685. Drafted into military service, July
16, 1711, to fight the French in Canada.
of the site of the present Court
He d. on the march, according to the Notes House. The first record of land
of Wm. Brinkman, of Altamont, N. Y. conveyed to J. D. Groesbeeck, in
Jacob D. and Catherine had 8 ch., of
whom, Catherine, the 4th, b. Dec. 10, 1815, San Antonio, is dated November
m. Sept. 4, 1865, a t Albany, Elias Van
Derlip. The marriage certificate reads: 29, 1848, Sp. Ar. In 1854 Natha-
"This certifies that the Rite of Holy Ma-
trimony was celebrated between Elias
niel Lewis sold his interests to
Vanderlip of the city of Albany and Cath- John C. French. The business
arine Groesbeck of the same place, on
September 4, 1865, at the bride's res-
continued untU the death of Mr.
idence by I. N. Wychoff V. D. M„ pastor Groesbeeck, in October, 1855. As
of the Second R. P. D. Church of Albany. "Post Suttler," Mr. Groesbeeck
Witness, Mrs. Groesbeck, the bride's
mother." supplied the United States army
John D., the 5th ch. of Jacob D. and posts throughout this section of
Catherine, was born April 13, 1816; and the country (Forts Phantom HUl,
was married at Galveston, Texas, by Rev.
Mr. Eaton, April 18, 1848, to Phoebe Hen- Griffin, Davis, McKavett, Concho,
rietta Tuttle, b. in Maine, July 8, 1827.
Letitia, the 7th ch., b. Oct. 1820; m. etc.). The Groesbeeck purchased
April 18, 1847, at Houston, Texas, Nath- their attractive home on the
aniel Lewis.
banks of the San Antonio River,
1. John D. Groesbeeck (Jacob D. Dwyer Ave., Jan. 29, 1855, from
and Catherine), was a civil en- George T. Howard and wife, Mary
gineer, and was instrumental in F., by whom it had been com-
buUding the railway between menced, but only partly finished,
Boston and Albany. He came to the year before, (M-n, 471).
Texas in 1837, remaining in Gal- J. D. Groesbeeck served as al-
veston, where he made the orig- derman from Jan. 1, 1849 to Jan.
inal survey of that city; that is, 1, 1850; and from Jan. 1, 1855 to
the one officially recognized. He Jan. 1, 1856.
entered the wholesale drug busi-
ness, and in 1841 moved to Hous- Phoebe Henrietta Tuttle was a descend-
a n t of John Tuttle, "a soldier of the Re-
ton, where he continued in the volution of the fifth "sic" generation in
same business, taking on addi- the Tuttle genealogy, which is traced to
Richard Tuttle, who came from England
tional responsibUities. Mr. Groes- in the ship "Planter," in 1635, and set-
ANGLO-AMERICANS 327
tied in Boston, m. Mary BurriU, of the 1873, Lydia Horton Phelps (John
5th generation in the BurrUl genealogy,
which is traced to George BurrUl. who Horton and Phoebe Kemp).
came from England in 1630 and settled
in Lynn. Phoebe H. Tuttle was the daugh- Lydia Horton Phelps was a descendant
ter of Eli Tuttle and Ruth Scott. Eli of WUliam Phelps (1599-1672). son of WU-
Tuttle (1780-1860). was the son of Eben- liam, bailiff of Tewkesbury, E n g . ; he
ezer and Sarah Nason. Ebenezer was the came from England on the "Mary and
son of John and Mary BurrUl. Phoebe H- John", to Dorchester. Mass.. in 1630; h e
Tuttle. or Mrs. Groesbeeck was a descend- was made a freeman, 1631; Rep. 1st Gen-
ant of many other illustrious New Eng- eral Court of Mass., 1634; selectman. 1634.
landers ; some of whom were the Farring- 35; founded Windsor, Conn., 1636; one of
ton, Mansfield, Perry. Foster, Holyoke. 8 commissioners appointed by the Colony
South and Stockton, (see Sanderson, How- of Mass. Bay to govern tbe colony
ard Kendall, "Lynn in the Revolution," of Conn., 1636; Governor's Ass't., 1636-42;
Boston, 1909). Her father was a warm 1658-62; Rep. Gen. Court, 1645-57; Mem.
friend of Mildred P . Norton, according of CouncU. 1637 (see HUl's "Historical
to the Groesbeeck famUy tradition, and Register." 1921; "The Abridged Com-
being of an adventurous disposition, ac- pendium of American Genealogy." 192S
companied the Nortons out to Texas. ed.; and Appleton's "Cyclo. of Am. BiogV
Mrs. Phoebe Henrietta Groesbeeck d. a t IV. 753). John and Lydia had:
ber residence Sunday morning, according 1 John Norton, Jr., q. s.
to the "Express" of July 25, 1904. She 2 Charlotte Henrie, b. March 30, 1878.
was b. near Augusta, Me., in 1827. "As in Stephenville, Earth County, Tex. ;
a ward of Judge M. P . Norton, remember- m. Aug. 5, 1916, George Boeck. of Bur-
ed in West Texas as judge of this judicial lington, Iowa; they h a d : Charlotte
district, many years ago, she came with Groesbeeck, b. July 23, 1918.
his famUy to Montgomery County, Texas, 3 Mary Kate, b. Oct. 11, 1881; m. Oct.
in the 30's. Later, when Judge Norton 7, 1916, John D. Groesbeeck.
moved to Houston, she there met John D. 4 Jennie, d. y.
Groesbeeck, whom she subsequently m. in 5 George Cupples, d. y.
AprU 1846. In the fall of the same year 6 Henry Smythe, b. Aug. 3, 1886; m .
Mr. and Mrs. Groesbeeck came to San 1st, Yadie Clamp; m. 2nd, Honor Moore ;
A n t o n i o . . . " They were the parents of by the 1st m.; Yadie Adele.
4 ch.: 7 Lydia, d- y.
1 William Rice, b. Sept. 25, 1848, in
Houston; d. Feb. 10. 1850. m . John Norton, Jr. (1), b. Oct.
2 John Norton, q. s.
3 Henry Smythe.
11, 1875; m. June 1, 1898, Jessie
4 Charles Frothingham, m. Mary Garth. Johnston; they had: Prank, EUza-
H. John Norton (2), b. May 30, beth, Jessie, George Pavey, John
1850, in San Antonio; m. March 3, Norton, and Charlotte Henrie.372
LEWIS
The first of this Welsh family in America, settled in Cape Cod in
the early part of the 17th century. Nathaniel Lewis and Sarah Hatch
were married September 29, 1799. They had: Nathaniel, q. s.; and
Henry M., who came to San Antonio at a later date than his brother;
married, but had no posterity; he was "a very brilUant lawyer and
editor of the West Texan, the first paper pubUshed in San Antonio."
I. Nathaniel, b. June 11, 1806, in Mass., near Nantucket, it is be-
Ueved; he d. October 21, 1872. Without any extended Uterary education
he went to sea at an early age in a whaling vessel. According to fanuly
tradition, he ran away from home at the age of 14, and foUowed the
life of an adventurer. DanieU (Personnel of the Texas State Govem-
372 David the brother of Jacob Groesbeeck was a mem. of the firm of "David Groesbeeck
& Co.," of N. Y. City, where the first stock market ticker was installed and operated.—Ex-
press, J a n . 31, 1926. The writer is obliged to Mrs. Geo. Boeck for the use of her collection
of materials regarding the Groesbeeck and allied families. Works consulted were: Joel Mun-
sell s Sons., Albany, N. Y., photostat pamplet, from Talcott, "N. Y. & New Eng. Fam-
ilies ;" research by the "N. Y. Hist Soc.;" "The Holland Soc. of N- Y . : " and Jessie F .
Wheeler's (22 S. Main St., Mechanicville, N. Y.), "Some of the Ancestors of Mrs. Charlotte
Groesbeeck Boeck"; and S. A. "Express," July 26, 1904 and Dec. 27, 1914.
ment, p. 452) says he was of Falmouth, Mass., and that he was ship-
wrecked, and taken to South America, from whence he returned to
New Orleans, and thence to Port Lavaca. Another account teUs us
that he finally located in Cincinnati, where there are stiU connections
of the Lewis family, but soon started down the Mississippi River with
a boat-load of tobacco. Upon entering the Giuf of Mexico, the boat
was seized by the Mexicans. Lewis landed on the Texas coast without
a penny in his pocket. He was befriended by Don Calisto de la Garza,
who brought him to San Antonio. The Express of Oct. 23, 1872, said
"His strong natural sense, quickness of observation, and firmness of
character, soon induced him to go into business *on his own hooks' as
the yankee would say. He came at an early day to the coast of Texas,
about 1832, we are told, and engaged in a coast-wise trade which by
his shrewdness, and otherwise, he made very lucrative. Visiting San
Antonio he took a fancy to the country and invested his money here."
Accordmg to the Head Rights, I, 6, John W. Smith and George Suther-
land testified, January 26, 1838, that Nathaniel Lewis, single, had emi-
grated to Texas previous to the Declaration of Independence. He
was in San Antonio in or before February, 1836, as he testified with
John W. Smith, in behalf of James L. Ewing, deceased, upon the pre-
sentation of Letters of Administration by WiUiam Lindsey, as admin-
istrator of the estate. Smith deposed that he knew the deceased in
the months of January and February, 1836, and that he left him in
the Alamo on the Friday night previous to its fall. Mr. Lewis deposed
that he knew him in San Antonio in the same year, and saw him as
late as the 23rd of February, and beUeved him to be single man (H.
R., I, 97).
"His store," says Barnes, p. 193, "was also on Main Plaza on a Une
with the front of CaUaghan's, but east of it. Its site forms the present
corner of that plaza." Newcomb (The Alamo d t y ) teUs us "All kinds
of delicacies purchasable in the New York markets were to be had in
San Antonio at Don Felon's big store. Don Pelon was the nickname
given to Mr. Nat Lewis, Sr., a bighearted New Englander physically dis-
tinguished by a head completely bald. He was greatly beloved, es-
pecially by the Mexican population and through his generosity the
word pilon became a significant word. Mr. Lewis gave his customers,
especially the children, a stick of candy or a cookie with each pur-
chase. The commodity so given in addition to the purchase was called
pilon, and the term, with its indicated practice, has become established
in tradition."
While Antonio Menchaca and his family were fleeing from San
Antonio, before the approach of Santa Anna, "Nat Lewis passed with
a wallet on his back," says Antonio Menchaca in his Memoirs, "a-foot
from San Antonio, and Antonio asked him why he went a-foot and he
was answered that he could not find a horse; that Santa Anna had
arrived at San Antonio, the day previous with 13,000 men. Antonio
asked what the Americans had done. He said they were in the Alamo
inside the fortifications. Antonio asked why Nathaniel did not remain
there and he answered that he was not a fighting man, that he was
ANGLO-AMERICANS 329
a business man. Antonio then told him to go then about his busi-
ness."
"Aside from being a merchant, Mr. Lewis was then the cattle king
of Texas. His herds grazed from the Medina River (a few mUes from
San Antonio) to the coast and he permitted poor immigrants and Mex-
icans to use his cattle as oxen and milk cows."
Nat Lewis purchased land from the James, and owned great herds
of horses which grazed between Uvalde and Frio Town. He sold them
to a man by the name of Taylor, who placed them in charge of the
notorious King Fisher, a man of splendid physique, with the eye of
an eagle, and an artist with the lasso. Horses, Uke the buffaloes, "when
excited or disturbed, usuaUy proceeded on a direct line from which it
was difficult to deflect them." They followed their leader implicitly,
"as sheep do a bell wether or as the buffaloes in those days did the
big bull at the head of the herd." They were stiU being caught and
marketed when Barnes first came to Texas. "The horse-market in
those days," adds Barnes, p. 130, was on Dolorosa St., from the old
Herald Bldg., south of the present Southern Hotel and along South
Flores St., to Nueva St., and even below for several blocks.
"Among the most prominent of the horse traders of those days
was old Don Narciso Leal, recently deceased, and the Morin brothers,
some of whom are stUl in San Antonio."
Nathaniel Lewis was also a party to the first real move at real
estate promotion in San Antonio. This was the establishment of Avoca,
at approximately the site of the present Argyle Hotel in Alamo Heights.
In the year 1838 WiUiam Lindsey surveyed the Uttle townsite. In June
of that year, a group of Americans, WilUam E. Howth, WiUiam Henry
Dangerfield, Anderson M. Berry and Nathaniel Lewis, came to an agree-
ment for the subdivision of this tract of land at the head of the river.
The foUowing year, 1839, WUUam E. Howth transferred his interests to
John S. Simpson, in one lot of land in the town site at the head of
the San Antonio River, in the said county, and denominated Avoca,
said lot fronting W. 20 varas on Milam Avenue, and extending back
on the N. side of Eleventh St., 40 v., being lot No. 3, in block No. 42."
"By the increase in value of real-estate, and the natural increase
of live stock, investment in which he always had an inclination for,
he became, and died, very wealthy. He was never what is called a
public spirited man, and yet always exercised more or less of influence
over public affairs." However, on July 26, 1858, Nat Lewis donated
grounds to the City for Lewis Plaza. He agreed and declared, along
with F. A. Paschal, and J. Ulrich and Albert Jack as witnesses, that
"block No. 18, in the plan of upper San Antonio, south of the pubUc
square, shall be perpetually dedicated to the use of the public square,
but subject to be burthened with the erection of a public fountain
on each of said blocks and to the enclosure of a space of 50 ft. in
each direction around said fountains, to be under the control of the
pubUc authorities."
Nathaniel Lewis died at his residence during the night of Mon-
day, at an advanced age after a tedious iUness. "At the time of his
death he was a member, by appointment of the Govemor, of the

City CouncU of this City, in the exercise of which office he was de-
cidedly conservative never progressive. He was one of those who be-
Ueved that all legislation should be made in the interest of capital in
Ueu of labor. Of what disposition he has made of his large properties
we are not advised. We have been informed that he sold out his live-
stock interest, which was one of the largest in Western Texas, pre-
vious to his death.
"There are many old Texans who will miss his stalwart, positive
form of manners, but the present generation wiU hardly find any foot-
prints over which they may Unger in reverence; and yet, such virtues
as he possessed, wUl be remembered as one who meant to deal fairly
with his feUow men, and to perform t h e duties of a good citizen. Peace
be to his ashes!"
The Mayor, S. G. Newton, proclaimed: "It becomes my sad duty
to announce the death of Alderman Nathaniel Lewis, who last night
departed this life at his residence in this City, after a long and pain-
ful Ulness.
"In token of respect to his memory, the City offices wUl be closed
and aU labor wiU cease on the public works at 12:, for the day.
"The City officers will attend his funeral when announced."
The Lewis home was on the north bank of the river; it stands
today, on Lexington Avenue, beyond the bridge.
Nathaniel Lewis m. 1st, Letitia Groesbeeck; they had no posterity.
He m. 2nd, Mary Fannie Liffering, whose brother was the manager of
the Lewis Mill (1849-1890) on Garden, now S. St. Mary's St., just NE
of the MUl Bridge. The Liffering were early members of St. Mark's
Church. Mr. Ulrich m. one of them. Nat Lewis d. Oct. 21, 1872, aged
66, accordmg to St. Mark's Church records. Nat and Mary Fannie had:
(1) Nathaniel, Jr., Sheriff, Bexar County; and (2) Daniel, q. s.
n . Daniel (2), baptised with his brother at St. Mark's Church in
1871; d. Nov. 2, 1921, aged 62 years; m. Edna Carter, by whom, an
only chUd: (1) Marion, m. Andrew T. GaUagher: S. P.
A sister of the first Nat Lewis m. Mr. Tobey; their daughter Almira
m. Erastus Reed, parents of 4 ch.: Sarah, EUzabeth, Almira and Em-
ma, to whom the writer is obUged for information used in this sketch.
BRACKETT
The Brackett family were of English origin. The American branch

trace from Anthony Brackett, who settled in Portsmouth. This Captain
Anthony Brackett was very prominent in civic welfare and Indian war-
fare. He married Anne Mitton, granddaughter of George Cleeve, fa-
mous in quarrels and land suits in Maine; being Episcopalians, he and
ANGLO-AMERICANS 331
his followers did not secure the support of the Puritan colonists. An-
thony and Anne had Thomas, father of Joshua, father of Samuel, father
of Ichabod, father of Ichabod who lived in New Hampshire and Ver-
mont, and who was at the defense of Portsmouth Harbor in the Re-
volutionary War. He was born in Newmarket, N. H., having passed
his 45th year of age in 1791. In 1767 he was the administrator of his
father's estate. He married Mary Hilton, b. Feb. 14, 1737, daughter of
Edward, son of Richard, son of Captain WiUiam. Richard Hilton m. his
cousin, Ann Hilton, daughter of Edward, b. in Exeter, N. H.? 1626, d.
Apr. 28, 1699, by his wife Ann Dudley, daughter of the Rev. Samuel
and Mary Winthrop, the Rev, Samuel being the son of Governor
Thomas Dudley of Massachusetts. Mary Winthrop was the daughter of
Govemor John Winthrop. See Norton, and S. A. Light, April 5, 1931,
"Pioneer Texas Daughter Honored." Ichabod Brackett married Artensia
Waterhouse, and they were the parents of:
I. Oscar Bernadotte, b. March 22, 1812, at Salinas, Onondago
County, New York. He married, May 16, 1832, Emily Wood, of Onon-
dago Hollow, now the city of Syracuse, N. Y., daughter of Thadeus W.
Wood, a prominent lawyer of Onondago, and Patty Danforth, daugh-
ter of Captain Asa Danforth, who, after the Revolutionary War, be-
came the first settler of Onondago, N. Y., where Patty was born. He
had charge of the Onondago Indians for many years and as leading
citizen entertained Lafayette. He was a descendant of Nicholas Dan-
forth, who settled in Cambridge, Mass., in 1634, among those who suf-
fered persecution as Puritans and Dissenters after the Mayflower
voyage. "The Rev. Cotton Mather, the famous scholar and writer, in
his account of Danforth (2nd son), one of the celebrated ministers of
Massachusetts, says: 'Mr. Nicholas Danforth, a gentleman of such
estate and repute in the world that it cost him a considerable sum to
escape the knighthood which Charles I. imposed on all possessed of
so much per annum; and of such figure and esteem in the church
that he procured famous lectures at Franklingham in Suffolk, where
he had a fine manor.' Nicholas Danforth and 3 sons, whereof the 2nd,
Samuel, was dedicated unto the 'school of the prophets.' Nicholas
Danforth brought Samuel to New England in 1634. The Danforth line
came along with Jonathan (1 and 2nd), Samuel, Thomas to Gen. Asa
Danforth of the Revolutionary War, but by this date, Danforths were
so thick in New England that 'thirteen fought in Lexington Lane.' Asa
Danforth m. Hannah Wneeler, niece of Israel Putnam. He was b. in
Massachusetts, in 1746, and d. in Onondago HoUow, New York,
1837 He fought at Bunker HUl and was captain of a company at
Saratoga, and then major in the Fourth Massachusetts regiment. He
lost everything during the war and went to New York, settling at
Onondago valley, where he was known as 'the father of the township.'
He built the first saw miU. He was a benevolent, hospitable man;
judge of the court of common pleas and senator in the state assembly.
Ke was owner and superintendent of the rich salt springs. Mrs. Dan-
forth was a refined and handsome woman. Patty Danforth (daughter
of Asa Danforth and Hanna Wheeler), married Thadeus Wood, a pro-
minent lawyer of the state. Thadeus Wood was a general in the War
of 1812, and a very wealthy man. Their daughter, Emily Wood, mar-
ried Oscar B. Brackett." Emily Wood remembered the visit of Lafayette
to Syracuse, N. Y. in 1824. She was 14 years of age at the time, and
soon after finished her coUege course at Miss WUlard's school in Troy,
N. Y. She died at 326 Rivas St., San Antonio, Texas, on the afternoon
of June 9, 1893, aged 83, from La Grippe. The funeral took place at
5: P. M. the following day, June 10, 1893. Mrs. Brackett was held in
high esteem among the pioneers of San Antonio. She was brave, very
frank, and had no patience with sham or pretense. The Express of
June 10, 1893 is quoted.
Oscar B. was left a fortune made in the salt works, but lost it in
speculations in New York City. By the time he had reached his 21st
year of age, he had received a college education. With about $20,000
in cash, he came out to Texas to try for more. He had had some ex-
perience in merchandise business in Syracuse, N. Y.; and as he suf-
fered from neuralgia, he hastened his trip to Texas. According to fam-
Uy tradition, he arrived in San Antonio as early as 1844. His wife
foUowed two years later, 1846. She left the children with her brother
in Indiana, but later went back and brought them to San Antonio.
Another account states that Mr. Brackett's mother and four girls came
out in 1845, via Lafayette, Indiana, where they visited their father's
brother, an attorney. They came down the Mississippi River to New
Orleans. They were met at Galveston by Mr. Brackett, who was on his
way t o New Orleans with Mr. Gallagher, for the purpose of purchasing
merchandise. From Galveston t h e party continued to Decrows Point
where they stopped with the Mavericks for several days. They then
went to Port Lavaca, at which place they enjoyed a big ball; the
Brown famUy coming over from Victoria, where they h a d a hotel and
a livery stable. With "Limpie" Brown the party made arrangements
for a n ambulance and animals, and a negro boy, who drove them, and
who amused them with Indian stories. Peter Gallagher and Mr.
Brackett were outriders. Upon their arrival in San Antonio they r e -
mained in the hotel kept in the old Navarro house, by Anton Lockmar,
at the corner of Commerce and Flores Sts., opposite the Guilbeau house.
Mr. Brackett had a store where the Frost Bank now stands, renting
the property from the Trevinos.
He was elected alderman Dec. 28, 1846, and served from Jan. 1,
1847 to Jan. 1, 1848.
The town of Brackettville was located on land t h a t was his head-
right and was named for him. He also had a store in BrackettviUe and
Mrs. Brackett drove between t h a t place and San Antonio even when the
Indians were bad.
Mr. Brackett established a line of wagons between San Antonio
and Mexico. He took an active interest in public life. He was a
Whig, sustained the tenents of his party with zeal until its disorgan-
ization in 1855, and then cooperated with the Democracy. "Modest,
unobtrusive and retiring, it was only to those intimately acquainted
with him t h a t he was fully known. He was a m a n of superior sagacity,
ANGLO-AMERICANS 333
and no ordinary acquirements, but by a chosen few alone, could he be

thoroughly understood and appreciated."
"Beneath a calm and placid exterior, the deepest and kindest feel-
ings were concealed. He was a splendid husband, father, and friend.
"During the later part of his life his business avocation at Las
Moras and other points, called him from home. In the different re-
lations of life as a citizen or friend, he performed to admiration, all
the duties incumbent upon him, and his removal from among us causes
a blank which cannot be supplied.
OSCAR B. BRACKETT
From a daguerreotype
"Living, he was respected and esteemed. Dead he is sincerely re-

gretted. Reguiescat in pace." Oscar Berndotte Brackett died Dec, 1857.
An article dated December 12, 1857, S. A. Ledger, is quoted above.
The Brackett homestead, according to the Notes of Mrs. Mary
Wagenfehr, was between Romana St. and the San Pedro Springs. The
extensive gardens became one of the show places of San Antonio and
the home was noted for its hospitality.
Oscar B. and Emily had:
1 Mary; S. P.
2 Emily, confirmed in the Episcopal Church, 1853; d. 1922; m. 1855,

Charles F. King, of the family which settled in Ashley, Mass., in
1742. James King m. Lydia Pierce, aunt of President FrankUn
Pierce. Their son Richard m. Lucy Harve, parents of Charles Fred-
erick, who with the enthusiasm and restlessness of youth, emigrated
to Illmois and settled in Chicago. The stirring tales of oppression
in Texas kindled anew his spirit of adventure, and in 1835 he was
in Matagorda engaged in volunteer scout duty. After a serious
attack of typhoid fever, from which he was nursed back to health
by some of the Irish colonists, near GoUad, he joined the forces of
Captain Ed Morehouse, and just missed by a few hours, the ter-
rible massacre of Fannin and his men. The company cut off in the
Brazos Bottoms, went heroically to the rescue of the fleeing col-
onists, efficiently aiding them in regaining confidence and recover-
ing the homes which they had deserted. Charles King participated
in the Battle of San Jacinto. Shortly after the disbanding of the
army in 1836, in response to a caU from the frontier, then being
devastated by the Indians, he joined the Volunteer Ranger Ser-
vice and participated in several noted campaigns (Burleson, Moore,
Green, Cage, Karnes, Coleman, Jack Hays, etc.). "A most active
and efficient part was taken by Charles King and his partner in
business, Black & Dolson, in relieving the wounded and in rescuing
the bodies of Captain Cage and his thirteen companions, who were
killed in an Indian fight, in sight of the Main Plaza of San An-
tonio, 1838. Mr. King removed to Austin at its first settlement, 1839,
and erected a large and commodious house, well known to all old
Texans. Indian raids upon the upper Colorado and Brazos were
then as common as public meetings are now. In 1841 Webster's
and several other families were massacred; the year after Cap-
tains Dolson and Black were kUled and Judge Smith's Uttle son was
captured in sight of the Capitol at Austin. Expeditions were or-
ganized to pursue and chastise the Indians, and in them King took
an active and praiseworthy part.
In 1845 Mr. King returned to San Antonio and joined Mr. Brackett
in several mercantile expeditions between New Orleans and Mexico
City. Later, the firm of King and Carolan did an auction and com-
mission business, with headquarters in the old Alejandro Trevino home
(site of the present Frost Bank). Mr. King, as well as serving as Mayor
of the City for several terms (1847-48-52), was Alderman, Justice of
the Peace, and for a number of years, Collector of Customs in San
Antonio. He "was fond of reading, being particularly well versed in
the Bible and Classics. He was generous to a fault; amiable; honest,
reliable and brave in all relations of Ufe." Charles Frederick and EmUy
Wood had:
i Emily, m. Fred. Cooley, of Pennsylvania; they had: Nannie
Ekin (m. Wm. Moore White: Danforth and EmUy Lee); Lloyd
Bowen (Los Angeles, Cal.); and Laura,
ii Mary, d. y.
iu Charles F., m. Hattie Coffin.
!^fei?
»
ANGLO-AMERICANS 335
iv Sarah, teacher in the pubUc schools of San Antonio; author

of a pubUcation regarding the Pastores, etc. to whom the
writer expresses gratitude for the use of her notes regarding
this famUy.
v Laura, d. y.
Sarah, m. Samuel S. Smith:
i Oscar Bemadotte Brackett, m. Micaela OUvarri; they had:
Sam, and Oscar.
U Thadeus, m. Gertrudis Flores; see Flores.
Ui Georgie, named after Dr. Cupples, m. Joseph OUvarri.
iv Minnie, m. Edward Flory; they had: Edward Ernest; Sarah
(m. Jack Tracy: Sarah); Nicholas, d. y. Oscar; and Ferdinand.
JAMES
Alexander James, a noncommis- He was inspired to join the Texas
sioned officer, native of England, struggle for Independence, and it
participated in the Battle of Que- is stated, with his parents' con-
bec under Wolfe. He was also at sent, left home at the age of 17
Lewisburg. He was presented a years, arriving in San Antonio late
sword for bravery, inherited by in 1836 or early in 1837. In his
Alexander James, son of Ed, grand- headright application for 320 A.
son of Richard, and greatgrand- of land it is stated that he "pro-
son of Alexander. Alexander, sec- duced county clerk's certificate
ond, b. 1754, sergeant-major and that a conditional certificate for
master gunner at Great Yar- amount of land claimed was is-
mouth, died there in 1832. He was sued to said James by former
with the British Army at Bunker Board of Land Commissioners for
HUl. Thomas James, an officer, Bexar County, AprU 5, 1339 and
stationed at HaUfax, Nova Scotia, numbered 47. AppUcant resident
m. Dec. 14, 1813, Ann Petty Cross- of Texas three years past." This
kUl, dau. of Capt. John CrosskUl, Headright Record, I, 142, No. 47,
a British naval officer, and found- 2nd Class, AprU 5, 1839, states that
er of Bridgetown, by his wife, John James "caUed as witnesses,
Charlotte FUlis, of HaUfax, the Littlebury B. Franks and George
dau. of John FUUs, merchant and W. Edwards, who being duly swom
member of the Legislature of Nova each and both deposed that they
Scotia. Thomas James and his knew claimant for the last six
wife Ann had (1) Thomas, mer- months as a resident of Bexar
chant in Brooklyn, N. Y.; (2) Alex- County: on which testimony a
ander (1816-1889); (3) John, q. certificate for the 320 A. claimed
s.; and (4) Charlotte, b. at Gran- was granted."
vUle, N. S., 1827; m. James R. The first deed on record (A-2,
Sweet, merchant, and mayor of 156) regarding John James, is one
San Antonio; father of Alexander whereby he purchased from Mar-
Sweet, the Texas humorist. tin Hardin, for $250.00, 1280 A.,
I. John James (3), was b. at Gor- bounty warrant acquired by ser-
leston, Suffolk, England, where his vices in the army of Texas, and
parents were visiting, Feb. 13, 1819. issued by the Secretary of War,
January 6, No. 1639, in name of at 110 E. Nueva S t . . . The old

A. L. Lewis, acquired by Hardin by James home for some years posses-
purchase (Houston, March 12, sed the unique distinction of be-
1838). I t is dated San Antonio de ing the only dwelling in San An-
Bexar, November 28, 1838, signed tonio t h a t had a chimney and
by John W. Smith and fUed for fireplace. This house was the
record, March 7, 1839; witnesses, scene of many briUiant gather-
A. NeiU and Jn. W. Smith. ings." The James was certainly
Mr. James a t first took charge one of the earUest two-story Am-
of Ludovic Colquhoun's land busi- erican homes in San Antonio. Gen-
ness. He then became a surveyor. eral Worth died there. General
He succeeded James L. Trueheart Robert E. Lee frequented it.
as clerk of the District Court, pro John James m. 2nd, 1851, a t Port
tem., in March 1843, and in 1846 Lavaca, Annie MUby, daughter of
was surveyor for the city, when he WiUiam Polk MUby of Maryland,
did the survey of the boundaries who came to Texas in 1840, his
of the original municipal grant. portrait was in the Port Lavaca
He also surveyed for Castro. The Masonic Lodge, named for him. An-
employees of a saw miU, he es- nie MUby was b. in SnowhiU,
tablished (1852) gradually devel- Maryland, Jan. 26, 1836; she d. in
oped t h e town of Bandera. Mr. San Antonio, Feb. 27, 1901. John
Iohn James brought out sixteen James d. Nov. 25, 1877. Vinton L.
PoUsh colonists, to increase the James wrote a biography of his
population. With Charles Montel, father, which he distributed to the
he founded the firm of James, various members of the famUy. I t
Montel & Co. I n 1860 Mr. James was quoted in t h e writer's manus-
imported Merino sheep from Vir- cript, "First Americans of San An-
ginia, and became a leader of the tonio, 1794-1848," read to the Yan-
Texas sheep industry. aguana Society in 1936.
John James m. August 17, 1847 John James and Annie MUby
(Sp. Ar. No. 244, Bk. A), EmaUne had:
PoUy, the eldest daughter of J. 1 John Herdon, q. s.
H. Polly who was one of the Aus- 2 Thomas Milby (1854-1895).
3 Mary Josephine, d. y.
tin settlers of 1822. The following 4 Vinton Lee, b. July 3, 1858; m. June
month, the James home on the 18, 1883, Sarah Andrews:
i John, b. Dec. 14, 1885: P . (Brasii).
north side of Commerce St. was ii Agnes: S. A.
begun. The site was purchased by iii Lucile B., m. Apr. 26, 1916, G.
Harry Hartwell (bro. of Delano,
Mr. James in 1847 for only $200. who m. Frank Pancoast) : Sarah;
George, Vinton, and Gorham.
The Express of June 2, 1907, p. 20 triplets; b. June 23, 1919; and
says: "Enjoying the distinction of Cliarles Milby.
iv Betty Stevens, m. Nov. 15, 1922,
being the only buUding which is Carl F. Groos: Carl F., Bettie and
an old time family residence on Ann Petty.
v Vinton L., m. Apr. 25, 1925, Mar-
W. Commerce from the river to garet Jordan (niece of Mary Jor-
Paschal Plaza is the old James dan Cresson): Mary Jordan, Mar-
garet Eliz., b. at Ft. Russell,
home at 123 W. Commerce St. [site Wyoming.
of present Western Union Office]. vi Harry Andrews, d. y.
vii Filiis, m. June 8, 1920, Guy
This was built for the late John Pickett: Charlotte Filiis, and Guy,
Jr.
James and erected for him by Vinton L. m. 2nd, Sep. 2, 1899 Mary
Joseph Schmidt, who is still living Robertson, by whom:
viii Theodore, b. July 16. 1905; m.
ANGLO-AMERICANS 337
Miss G u e n t h e r ; a n d L a u r a , m . , 1852; bapt. St. Mark's Episcopal

Charles E d g e : E u g e n e a n d Gail.
6 A n n i e L a u r a , m . Dec. 15, 1881, Alfred Church, July 11, 1863; d. July 17,
Giles, of E n g l a n d , a r c h i t e c t ; d. A u g .
13 1920: 1912, aged 69; buried Friday, July
i A m y (1882-1894). 19,1912, in City Cemetery No. 1, Rev
ii Diana, d. y.
iii Geoffrey J a m e s , b . 1886, d. Sept. PhiUp Cook officiating; m. Feb.
11, 1916; m . F e b . 16, 1916, M a r -
g a r e t O b e r f e l d t : S. P .
26, 1884, Maria AureUa WUliams,
iv Mary Milby, b . J a n . 22, 1890; m . (Thos. Greenhow & Mary C. Curtis),
A p r . 28, 1915, Adolph G. Beck-
m a n n : Mary Marcella, Alfred
whose father was an army officer
Giles, b . Dec. 3 1 , 1917, A n n i e in San Antonio. The homestead of
L a u r a , C h a r l o t t e Milby a n d Dor-
othy G u e n t h e r . the John James is on Camaron
v Beatrice A n g e l a , m . Sept. 9, 1914, St. John H. and Maria had:
P a u l D r e i s s : L a u r a Giles, Milby
Josephine, P a u l Moureau, Amy, 1 A n n i e L a u r i e , m . Sigismund E n g e l k i n g :
Alfred Giles, a n d K a t h e r i n e . J o h n J a m e s , M a r i a n a , Helen Cayloma
vi E r n e s t P a l m e r , b . M a r . 17, 1894; a n d Sigismund ( " B o b " ) .
m . Nov. 19, 1919, Muriel Matlack, 2 J o h n A l e x a n d e r , b . J u l y 14, 1889; m .
of B o s t o n : Alfred Giles, Geoffrey C a r r i e E a t o n Lewis , dau. of P e r r y
J a m e s a n d Muriel J o y . J o s h u a Lewis a n d M a r g a r e t Wilson,
vii A n n i e Marcella, b . May 27, 1898; whose f a t h e r c a m e to Texas in a b o u t
m . A p r . 17, 1922, W a l t e r B o o t h : 1856 from Nashville, T e n n . P . J . L e w i s
W a l t e r Bacon a n d Alfred Giles, w a s t h e son of William Charles Lewis,
t w i n s ; a n d Milby. who c a m e t o T e x a s in t h e 50's, f r o m
viii Alfred, d. y . Calvert County, Md., a n d whose f a t h -
6 Sidney J o h n s o n, m . Alice Gillespie (b. e r w a s William Charles Lewis of V a .
Seguin, 1869; d. Cal., 1921): J o h n J a m e s a n d C a r r i e Lewis hr.d:
i Lottie Bell, m . A. M. Baird (Cal- i J o h n A l e x a n d e r , J r . , h. 1917.
ifornia). J o h n A l e x a n d e r m . 2nd, 1935, A n n e
ii Carmen, m . Blaine Ottis (b. Chi- S t o n e : S. P .
cago, 1893) : Blaine. 3 Mary Greenhow, m . D r . E d w i n M e r e -
iii Eleanor, m. M. A. F r a n k ( V t . ) : dith S y k e s :
P. i E d w i n M., J r .
7 C h a r l o t t e ( L o t t i e ) , m . in New York, ii M a r i a M a r g a r e t .
Oct. 29, 1890. J o h n Sehorn (1861-1928): iii J o h n H e r n d o n J a m e s .
i Lottie J a m e s , 4 Helen Adele, m . Elmer Charles D e
ii E d w i n . Montel:
8 A g n e s , m . 1st, E d . T e r r y : S. P . ; m. i Helen Adele J a m e s ,
2nd, Dr. L i v i n g s t o n Lindsey Shrop- ii A n n i e J u s t i n e ,
s h i r e : S. P . iii E d m o n d C h a r l e s .
9 H u g h Scott, b. Oct. 13, 1866; m . Oct.
21, 1889, J o s e p h i n e Y t u r r i (d. 1 9 3 7 ) : ANDREWS
i Ellen Evelyn, b . F e b . 21, 1892; m . Col. H . B. A n d r e w s , whose father' s n a m e
W a d e Boteler, in N . Y., a t St. w a s Barclay, a n d whose m o t h e r m. 2nd, J u d g e
Stephen's C h u r c h , J a n . 4, 1915: E d m u n d A n d r e w s , w a s adopted by his s t e p -
L a n h a m L., J a m e s C , Douglas f a t h e r . H e m . 1st 1845. M a r t h a W y n n e of
M., and Elizabeth. G a l v e s t o n ; of t h e i r 9 c h . :
ii H u g h Scott, b. J a n . 6, 1894: m .
Frances Eline Hinman: Hugh Sarah Josephine m. Vinton L.
Scott, J r . , d. in S a n Antonio, in James, and Benjamin m. Bessie
J a n . 1928.
iii Alfred H e r n d o n . Bell, parents of Bessie. He m. 2nd,
iv E d g a r Y t u r r i .
v Mary Josephine, m. Gordon
MoUy Huston, of Alabama, wid. of
Thomas B u s h e : E l e n a G. a n d A r - Frank Smith, by whom he had
t h u r Gordon.
vi Ralph Y o u n g .
MoUy, m. John Lafflin, parents of
vii F a n n i e Bell Milby, m . 1927, Char- Nell, New York City; and Harry
les A r t h u r B a s s e t t, U . S. A.
viii Victor M a n u e l . Barclay, who m. Mrs. Mona Cliff
10 Diana, " F l o r a D i a n a , " b. Oct. 29, of New York: S. P., living in San
1874 : m . Oct, 17 1900, J o h n T. Dickin-
son: Antonio.
i Annie J n l i a . m . Dec. 20, 1924, BELL
Orville Mon'-er. U . S. A . : D i i n a
Milby, b . 1926. Edward BeU of Scotland, m.
ii D i a n a J a m e s , m . J u l y 2. 1923, Al-
b e r t M a r u c h e a u : Albert, J r . , b.
Elizabeth Sanders of London; they
A u g . 22, 1924. originally settled near Pittsburg,
iii Agnes Sehorn, d. y. Penn. Their son Samuel was reared
iv L a u r a Milby, b . 1914.
by his grandmother; he m. Eliza-
II. John Herndon (1). b. Oct. 13, beth Carr of Penn.; originally from
London. They resided in KnoxviUe, Pryor and Pearce, and one daugh-
Tenn. They had: Elizabeth (Tenn.); ter, Joanna. Warrick m. 2nd, 1848,
David; Jessup; Powhattan, d.: S. Mrs. Florida Boswell, wid. of
A.; Settiman (CaUfornia); Maria, Charles BosweU, and daughter of
d. y.; Margaret, m. John H. New- Dr. Nathan Huston Hall, of Lexing-
ton: S. A.; James C, who drove ton, Ky., son of Randolph, son of
cattle from Texas to Califomia in Nathan, son of John, son of John,
1854, and who wrote the interest- son of John, son of Thomas HaU
ing diary (see "Quarterly"). of Abingdon Parish, Gloucester
Jessup Bell came to San Anto- County, Va. Dr. Huston HaU m.
nio in the early part of 1852. He EUzabeth Pope, daughter of Col-
m. 1st, "Tudie" Clemens, by whom: onel WiUiam Pope, who came from
Sam, m. Agnes Tobin; Bessie, m. England to Virginia, 1634, son of
1st, Mr. Brown, by whom Henry Worden, son of Nathaniel, son of
Clay; and m. 2nd, Ben Andrews, Colonel Nathaniel, son of Colonel
by whom: Bessie; and Dr. Jessup Nathaniel Pope. Mrs. Tunstall had
David, m. Grace Young, parents a daughter, EUzabeth BosweU. The
of Leonora. Jessup m. 2nd, Eudo- ch. of Warrick and Florida were:
chia Digges, by whom: Mary (m. Florida, m. Dr. Redford Sharpe
Edward M. VUlareal: Mary Bell., (she is now residing in San An-
m. AureUo Gonzales, of Mexico, tonio) ; Penelope, d. y. in route to
Emma Dolores, Lois, Edward M., Texas; Patty, m. John Lockwood,
Jr., Patricia, and Morena); Lilly; of New York; these daughters were
Dottie; John; and Ned. b. in Missouri; Fanny, d. y.; SaUy,
David BeU stopped over in New m. Walter Booth (whose son Wal-
Orleans on the way to Texas, to ter, Jr., m. Annie Marcella Giles,
attend to the baggage. He came above); Virgmia, d. y.; and Ethel,
to San Antonio after his brother who m. Henry P. Drought, from
Jessup. He m. Eliza Crocker Lewis, Ireland; these ch. were b. in San
of New Bedford, Mass. They had: Antonio. Ethel and Henry P.
Eliza, d. y.; Emeline, an active cit- Drought had: Henry Patrick, Jr.
izen of San Antonio today; and (m. Kathleen Lukin: H. P., 3rd,
Henry, d. y. Kathleen Mary, James Lukin and
Thomas); Humphreys Lee; Fred-
TUNSTALL erick Gerald (m. Julia Robb); and
After the execution of Charles I., Francis Tunstall (who m. Anne
of England, two brothers of this Gleaves). The TunstaUs came to
family emigrated to Virginia. The New Orleans by sea, continuing to
younger returned to England and Indianola through the gulf, where
re-established the family there. they arrived on New Years Day.
The older brother remained in Va. 1854. They then proceeded by car-
One descendant went to Kentucky; riage to San Antonio, where they
and another, to Alabama. One of arrived one week later. The whole
the Va. branch m. Evalyn Millet ie journey had taken one month.
(see Ogden). They first lived at the Plaza House
Warrick Tunstall was b. in on Main Plaza, afterwards the
LouisvUle, Ky. He removed to St. Green Front; and then in the
Louis in the early 40s, where he Jno. James residence on Commerce
m. Mary Geyer; they had two sons: St. The Tunstall home, with gar-
ANGLO-AMERICANS 339
dens extending from Augusta St. Pearce Tunstall m. Jane, daughter

to the river, was not completed of David Wood Meriwether, son of
until November, 1856. Nearby was William, son of Colonel David, son
the property on which was located of Nicholas, son of Nicholas Meri-
t h e Molino Blanco also owned by
wether, b. 1631, came from Wales
the TunstaUs. Warrick Tunstall
(1814-93), was the son of John to Va., m. 1678, Elizabeth Wood-
Pearce TunstaU, son of Joseph and house. David Wood Meriwether m.
Jane Pearce, son of John and Mary, daughter of John Lewis, son
Sarah Temple, son of Colonel Rich- of Zachary, and his wife, Ann
ard TunstaU, of King and Queen Lewis, daughter of Robert Lewis of
County, Virginia; burgess, 1766- Belvoir. This line is in the Virkus
68, and Annie HUl or Hall. John Compendium.
OGDEN
The f i r s t of t h e e i g h t q u a r t e r i n g s of it w a s ordered " u p p o n the 31st day of
the Ogden a r m s , alternating gules and M a r c h , 1650, by t h e general court s t h a t
a r g e n t , is s i g n i f i c a n t : i t c o n t a i n s a n oak Mr. Thomas Topping and Mr. John
t w i g s u p p o r t i n g t h r e e a c o r n s . T h e crest Ogden were chosen freemen of t h i s t o w n e
is a lion r a m p a n t , u n d e r a n o a k tree . of S o u t h a m p t o n aforesayde." J o h n Ogden
The Ogden ancesto r w h o saved t h e K i ng w a s chosen by t h e General Court a t
of E n g l a n d from Cromwell, by hiding H a r t f o r d , Conn., M a y 16, 1655, 1657
him in a n o a k tree , w a s r e w a r d e d with a n d 1658, one of t h e m a g i s t r a t e s of t h e
a knighthood after the Restoration, and colony. H e s a t in t h e General Court a s
given t h e n a m e Oakden, w h i c h subse- a R e p r e s e n t a t i v e from S o u t h a m p t o n in
quently developed into Ogden. May, 1659 a n d in t h e U p p e r House May,
J o h n Ogden, b . Bradley P l a i n , H a m p - 1661, and afterwards- His n a m e a p -
shire, E n g l a n d , Sept. 19, 1609, w a s t h e p e a r s repeatedly in t h e new c h a r t e r of
first of t h e family to come to A m e r i c a . Connecticut, obtaine d April 23. 1662 by
H e settled in N e w Y o r k in 1612. His Gov. W i n t h r o p , from Charles II, a s o n e of
b r o t h e r Richard, a n d a sister, H a n n a h , t h e m a g i s t r a t e s a n d patentees of t h e Col-
who m . Robert Bond, also c a m e t o Amer- ony. H e was held in high honor a t home be-
ica. J o h n Ogden m . J a n e Bond, who, a s i n g one of t h e i r f i r s t men. D u r i n g his resi-
t r a d i t i o n r e p o r t s , was a sister of Rohert. dence a t N o r t h a m p t o n , J o h n Ogden, by
J o h n O g d e n w a s a t S t a m f o r d, Conn., in f r e q u e n t visits as a trader to New
1641, w i t h i n a year a f t e r its settlement- Amsterdam, had kept u p his a c q u a i n t -
" I n M a y , 1642, he a n d his b r o t h e r Rich- a n c e with his old friends a n d neighbors
a r d , b o t h of t h e m , a t t h e t i m e of S t a m - on t h e west end of t h e island. When,
ford, e n t e r e d into a c o n t r a c t w i t h Gover- therefore, a f t e r t h e conquest, i t w a s p r o -
nor W i l l i a m Kieft, Gisbert op Dyck a n d posed to him t o commence a fourth
Thomas Willet, of N e w Amsterdam, s e t t l e m e n t in t h e n e w a n d i n v i t i n g regio n
c h u r c h w a r d e n s , to build a s t o n e church of A c h t e r Kii, u n d e r English rule, h e
in t h e fort, 72 by 50 ft., for t h e s u m of readily e n t e r e d into the measure and
2,500 g u i l d e r s . The w o r k w a s d u l y a n d became, being a m a n of substanc e a n d
satisfactorily completed. I t w a s , prob- distinction, t h e l e a d i n g m a n of t h e n e w
ably, in t h i s w a y t h a t t h e t w o brothers colony. The D u t c h h a v i n g t a k e n posses-
became a c q u a i n t e d w i t h t h e w e s t end of sion of New York, Mr. J o h n Ogden w a s
L o n g Island. E a r l y in 1644. t h e y r e - appointed Schout for t h e six towns
moved from Stamford a n d settled H e m p - (Elizabets T o w n e , Neu Uonke, Wood-
stead, L. I., of which J o h n O g d e n w a s bridge, Piscattaway, Middletowne and
one of t h e p a t e n t e e s . A t t h e e x p i r a t i o n Schrousbury), his commission dating
of 5 or 6 years, he removed t o t h e east- September, 1673. F o r m o re t h a n a y e a r
ern end of t h e island. I n 1647 h e had t h e l a n d w a s a t r e s t . The people lived
obtained permission of the town of on good terms with the a u t h o r i t i es a t
S o u t h a m p t o n to p l a n t a colony of six F o r t O r a n g e , a n d w e r e secured in t h e
families a t " N o r t h S e a . " Some 2 or 3 l a n d s they h a d so honorably acquired.
years elapsed before his removal a n d t h e Ogden w a s v i r t u a l l y Governor of t h e
p l a n t i n g of t h e s e t t l e m e n t a t t h e N o r t h E n g l i s h t o w n s in N e w Jersey , a n d t h e
Sea. called in t h e Col. Rec. of Conn., g o v e r n m e n t w a s a d m i n i s t r a t e d very m u c h
a n d N e w H a v e n , as well as in Nicholl's a f t e r t h e fashion of N e w E n g l a n d . But
grant "Northampton." H e w a s mad e a t h e Dutch r u l e w a s soon t e r m i n a t e d . A
freeman of S o u t h a m p t o n , M a r c h 3 1 , 1650. t r e a t y of peace w a s signed at West-
S o u t h a m p t o n w a s the f i r s t E n g l i s h settle- minister, England, F e b r u a r y 9, 1673-4,
m e n t i n D u t c h N e w Y o r k (see V a n Der- p r o v i d i n g for t h e m u t u a l r e s t o r a t i o n of
lip) ; t h e n e x t was the settlement at all captured t e r r i t o r y . Seventeen y e a r s
N o r t h Sea, 1647, where J o h n O g d e n ' s six had passed since B a k e r and Bailey, Ogden
families w e r e t o have 321 A . of l a n d a n d a n d W a t s o n h a d acquired lawfully a n d
were t o form a c o m m u n i ty by themselves, honorably, a t i t l e t o t h e soil, a n d e n t e r -
under certain conditions a g r e e d upon. ed into possession. Yet, year a f t e r y e a r .
Howell's " H i s t o r y of S o u t h a m p t o n " says
almost from the beginning, they were First Reg. N. J. Continental Line, and
coming into collision with the ruling Brig. Gen.; and Aaron. Governor of N.
powers of the territory and compelled to J., who m. Elizabeth, daughter of Judge
resist what they could not but regard as John Chetwood (their son Matthias was
encroachment on their vested and sacred the father of Fred, Aaron and Dayton).
rights. One by one they were dropping Matthias and Aaron Ogden both belong-
into the grave, and now 'good old John ed to the Order of Cincinnati. 374.
Ogden' whose wanderings for 40 years David, third son of John Ogden, b. in
had justly entitled him to rank with tbe England, January 11, 1639, m. Elizabeth
Pilgrim Fathers, the acknowledged Ward; they had: David, John, Josiah and
pioneer of the town, in whose house the Swain. David and John, father of John
first white child of the settlement was and Hannah, respectively. John had
born, the accepted leader of the people, a Charles, Thomas and 'David. Colonel
pillar of the church, and in thu state, Josiah (son of David and Elizabeth
honored and trusted by all—just as the Ward), m. Catherine Hardenboeck, par-
year 1681 is expiring, lies down and dies; ents of David, b. Newark, 1797, Asso.
leaving the impress of his political and Judge, Supreme Court, N. J., who m.
religious principles, not only upon his Gertrude Gouvemeur, b. N. Y., March 9,
children, but upon the community that 1716, daughter of Isaac Gouvemeur and
he has so largely aided in founding. A Sarah Staats (daughter of Samuel and
man he was of more than ordinary mark, Johanna Reynderts, and granddaughter
a man of sterling worth, of whom the of Abraham Staats, Captain of Albany
town, as well as his numerous posterity troops, commissioned in 1669, and Catrina
should be gratefully mindful. He was J. Wessels). David and Gertrude had
called a 'malcontent,' and regarded as Abraham, b. Newark, Dec. 30, 1743; m.
'the leading malcontent of Elizabeth- Sarah Frances Ludlow (daughter of
town,' but surely, the man t h a t was held Thomas and Catherine Le Roux, of the
in such high esteem by the accomplished, family of Pierre, a Huguenot in Amsterdam
sagacious and pious Winthrop, the ma n with the right to bear arms in Holland,
who, both at Southampton and here, had who emigrated to London in 1680).
been an honored magistrate, loved and Thomas Ludlow was one of 12 ch. of
trusted by the people, and, during the Gabriel and Sarah Hamer, daughter of
Dutch rule, the virtual Govemor of the the Rev. Joseph Hamer, and Martha
English portion of the province, is not Eddowes, descendants of Sir John Han-
to be ranked with the restless agitators mere, of Hanover County, Flint, Wales.
because of his persistent opposition to an Gabriel Ludlow was the son of Gabriel,
arbitrary government. A true patriot, and grandson of Thomas Ludlow. The
and a geniune Christian, he devoted him- Ludlow trace from John of Gaunt.375
self while living to the best interests of David A., the oldest son of Abraham
the town and dying, bequeated to his and Sarah Frances, b. N. J., Jan. 10,
sons the work of completing what he had 1770; m. Rebecca Cornell Edwards (Isaac
so fairly and effectually inaugurated— and Mary Cornell, daughter of Samuel,
the establishment of a vigorous plantation member of the King's Council, N. Ca.).
founded on the principles of civil and They h a d : Isaac Edwards (m. 1st,
religious liberty. 373. Euphrosine. wid. of G. M. Ogden; m. 2nd,
John Ogden m. May 8, 1637, J a n e Letitia H a n n a h ; m. 3rd, Elizabeth Cham-
Bond; they had: John, Jonathan, David. berlain) ; Sarah (m. Charles R. Codman,
Joseph and Benjamin. Jonathan had Boston) ; William (m. Harriet S., daugh-
Samuel, who m. 2nd, Hannah Crane, of ter of Gou vernor Ogden) ; Wallace; Mary
Newark, parents of Robert, b. 1716; E. (m. H. LeRoy Newbold) ; Samuel C.
chairman of the Commission of Safety in (m. Sarah Waddington) ; Catherine H.
N. J . ; delegate to the Continental Con- (m. Samuel Ogden) ; Susan W. (m. Wil-
gress, 1765; m. Phebe, daughter of Mat- liam Roebuck) ; Rebecca E. (m. George B.
thias Hatfield, of Elizabeth, N. J . : they Ogden) ; Duncan Campbell (m. Elizabeth
had Matthias (1745-1791). Colonel in the Cox) ; and David A. (m. Louisa Lanfear).
I. Duncan Campbell Ogden (son of David and Rebecca Edwards),

was born in New York, September 22, 1813. He was named for Dun-
can Campbell, a very highly esteemed junior partner of the house of
Leroy Edgar and Bayard, of which David Ogden was one of the firm's
legal advisers (1800-1804). David Ogden, of Ogdenburg, N. Y., was once a
partner of the great Alexander HamUton in the practice of law. Dun-
can Campbell went to New Orleans to join an uncle in business. On
hearing of the Texas struggle for Independence, he decided to help
the cause, and arrived in Galveston in the summer of 1838. He was
373 Excerpt from Hatfield, "History of Elizabeth, N. J.," on a family chart, "Descend-
ants of John Ogden." John Ogden's birth record, above, is from the Colonial Dames Rec-
ords, MSS.
374 See Marshall. "Life of George Washington," Phila., 1848, II, 72, for the origin of
"the Society of the Cincinnati."
375 Letter, from Henry Vining Ogden, nephew of David A. Ogden, to Cora Ogden Wil-
son, dated Milwaukee. Dec. 5, 1902.
ANGLO-AMERICANS 341
immediately appomted captam, in a new regiment, just then caUed in-

to service, to meet a second invasion of Santa Anna which was threat-
ened, and he occupied that position untU the army was finaUy dis-
banded. "He commanded his company in the Cherokee war under
General Burleson; was in the severe and perilous expedition of Colonel
WiiUiam G. Cook in running the miUtary road from Red River to Aus-
tin; was engaged in a number of deadly skirmishes with Indians on
our frontier, and went through great hardships and sufferings in be-
half of Texas in her most trying moments." At the time of the Vas-
quez invasion of San Antonio in March, 1842, the Texan force here
consisted of about 107 men, under the command of Jack Hays. Mr.
Ogdeii was the locaUy chosen Captain of the Rangers. He had arrived
in San Antonio in 1838. When General Adrian WoU took San Antonio,
later in 1842, Mr. Ogden was made prisoner, and carried a captive to
Mexico, "where he suffered aU the rigors of confinement in the castle
of Perote for 18 months. His trials and his sufferings in her cause
only made Texas the more dear to him, and after his Uberation from
the dungeons of Mexico, he retumed and made his home within her
borders." Barnes, p. 253, states that he was released through the ef-
forts of Henry Clay.376 His diary is said to have burned in the capitel
in Austin.
Duncan C. Ogden served as acting adjutant general of Texas in
1846, previous to that time having been commissioned as 2nd and 1st
Ueutenant and captain of ranger forces, his commissions bearmg the
signatures of Sam Houston, Mirabeau Lamar and other executives of
the Republic and the State of Texas, says Barnes, adding: "He was
a soldier, a scholar and a patriot, as well as an eloquent orator." Dun-
can C. Ogden "was not alone efficient in war, but native strength of
inteUect and superior educational advantages had fitted him for a
seat in the councils of his country. And when wars were over and dan-
gers no longer called him tc the tented field, a grateful people return-
ed him as representative of this District in the Republican Congress.
Faithfully and ably he represented his constituents in the National
Legislature, and without a murmur of disapprobation at his course, he
retired from politics, as he had from war, to foUow the more peaceful
callings of private life."
Captain Ogden was vigorous and robust in constitution and in
frame, until within a comparatively short time before his death; he
promised fair to Uve long among us, but died in the prime of his Ufe,
on March 11, 1859, at the age of 45 years. "At the time of his death,
he was engaged in commercial business in this city, in partnership with
his old and long tried friend, Major George T. Howard, who was with him
in many of the most trying scenes connected with the Texas strug-
gle." He died of a pleuritic affection. "Friends were assiduous in their
attentions, and the best medical skUl was caUed to his aid, but his
disease was too obstinate for any treatment, and he bowed himself to
the will of his maker, and nobly yielded up his spirit to the God who
376 See Chabot, "Perote Prisoners."

gave it. He lingered in pain for some weeks previous to his death, but
preserved to the last great clearness of mind, and seemed to be con-
scious of his approaching dissolution, and prepared to meet death with
that coolness and fortitude so characteristic of birrt in aU the varied
trials of his Ufe.
"In the death of Captain Ogden, Texas has lost one of her bravest
defenders, one who stood by her in her darkest hour, and the com-
munity in which he Uved has lost a high-toned, generous, and chival-
rous man. He was an honest and honorable man, a wise and faithful
legislator, a brave and gaUant officer, a sincere friend, a devoted hus-
band and an affectionate father, and those who knew him best feel
most keenly his untimely loss."3?7
Duncan Campbell Ogden married EUzabeth Cox, May 30, 1845, in
Washington County. She was the daughter of James Cox and Anna
GUnn (b. May 16, 1798, Scott County. Ky.), of Georgetown, Ky., where
she was born, May 8, 1826. James Cox's mother, accordmg to farmly
tradition, was a member of the Meade famUy; David Meade being first
of Maycox, Prince George County, Va., and afterwards of MaysviUe,
Ky. (1796). The Cox famUy came to Texas in the very early days (be-
tween 1829 and 1832); James Cox being christened a CathoUc, AprU
17, 1832, by the pastor of Austin's Colony, the Vicargeneral of aU the
foreign colonies of Texas, Father Michael Muldoon, with godfather,
George B. McKinstry, (Reg. Lib. 1, Pag. 8). From a document signed
in Austin, January 8, 1848, by Sam Houston, and several other pro-
minent citizens of the RepubUc, we leam of the high character of
James Cox, who had very valuable lands in Texas. EUzabeth Cox came
out to Texas with her mother, Anna GUnn Cox, and an aunt, Mary
Glinn, commonly known as "PoUy." They were three weeks in a Prairie
Schooner, coming from New Orleans to Port Lavaca. Here they were
met, and proceeded inland cn horseback. Major WiUiamson, "three
legged WUUe," was one of the three men who accompanied the party.
Aunt PoUy rode behind him. On account of heavy rains, they were
compeUed to stop over at a smaU farm house, with a wet dirt floor.
WhUe there, Mrs. Ogden used to teU how she heard a chink, chink,
of chains in the Uttle attic above. After some moments of anxiety, it
was discovered that the wife of the man of the house was chained up
there; he said she was insane. As a chUd of ten, EUzabeth Cox, whose
famUy were in camp when Mrs. Dickinson arrived in Washington, then
Houston's headquarters, with her infant daughter, "the child of the
Alamo," in her arms, stood at Mrs. Dickinson's knee and Ustened to
her recite the tragic tale of the Alamo's terrible faU.
Mrs. Ogden "was closely identified with the history of San An-
tonio in all its many vicissitudes from the day it became her home,
loving it and the Lone Star State and the whole Southland with aU
its traditions and memories with an intensity of affection pecuUarly
her own.
"An ardent Daughter, both of the RepubUc and of the Confederacy,
she was an active participant in all their pubUc functions in this city,"
377 "San Antonio Herald," Saturday, March 12, 1859.
ANGLO-AMERICANS 343
She was "a woman of remarkable mental vigor and intelligence, re-
taining all her faculties unimpaired until the end. She was a life-
long member of the Episcopal church." Mrs. Ogden was the first pres-
ident of the Battle of Flowers Association and always took an active
interest in its welfare, says the S. A. Light, of November 20, 1903. Mrs.
Ogden entered into rest at 6 o'clock on the morning of Friday, Novem-
ber 20, 1903, at the residence of her daughter, Mrs. N. T. Wilson, 303
E. Quincy St. "She died of congestion of the brain after a very brief
illness of only 24 hours." The pallbearers at her funeral were George
Maverick, William Herff, Robert B. Green, Hugh Eice, Carlos Bee, and
J. F. Brooks. "Out of respect to the memory of the deceased the flag
on the Alamo and that on the City Hall floated at half-mast Friday."
The Daughters of the Republic attended the obsequies in a body.
I. Duncan Campbell and Elizabeth had:
1 Dancan Campbell, Jr., b. Houston, Texas, Feb. 9, 1847; m. June 22, 1880, at
Dun Glen, Ohio, Elizabeth Woodbridge Scott, of Cincinnati ; he d. at "Cora-
Lina" Ranch, near Fort McKavett, December 30, 1916: S. P.
t Cora, b. Montreal, Canada, July 18, 1859 ; m. October 24, 1888, at St. Mark's
Church, Nathan Taylor WILSON, son of John Henry Wilson, and nephew of
Richard T. Wilson, of New York, whose daughter Grace, m. Cornelius Vander-
bilt. Cora and Nathan had:
i Duncan Campbell Ogden, b. Galveston, August 10, 1889; m. July 1, 1924,
at St. George's Church, Montreal, Canada, Fredricka, "Dot", Poole,
daughter of James and Rose Cooper, b. Manchester, England, February 6,
1894:
a Duncan Campbell Ogden, b. San Antonio, July 9, 1925.
b Dorothy Ogden, b. Feb. 21, 1927.
ii Mary Elizabeth, b. San Antonio, February 7, 1893; m. at St. Matthew's
Church, New York City, December 14, 1912, George Evans Stewart, an
officer in the United States Army, son of William Stewart and Katherine
Stuart, b. Kiama, N. S. W., Australia, Aug. 2, 1872; Mary Elizabeth d.
San Diego, California, Sept. 18, 1915:
a Elizabeth, b. Sept. 26, 1913.
Colonel Stewart m. 2nd, Elizabeth Stewart daughter of John T. Stewart
ef Council Bluff, Iowa: S. P .
i !••' ',' ' ] ' ' . .''V*** ,
DUNCAN C. OGDEN
HOWARD
From the Howard FamUy Bible we leam that Samuel WUUam
Howard married Mary Tyler and their son Thomas married December
10, 1807, Ann Howard. They had: Sophia, Samuel WUUam, WiUiam
Edwin, George Thomas (b. September 2, 1814; d. August 6, 1866), Mary
Ann, EUzabeth EUen, John S., Clement Whittington (b. St. Mary's
Parish, Md., July 6, 1825), CaroUne Cook, and Henry Peyton.
I. George Thomas, b. Washmgton, D. C, September 2, 1814, was
of distinguished Revolutionary stock, his family being among the early
settlers of Washington. He spent his boyhood in Washington, where
he received a splendid academic education. During early manhood
he served as an Indian Agent, winning recognition for signal survey.
Major Howard came to Texas in 1836, landing at Galveston. He ar-
rived in San Antonio the day after the Battle of San Jacinto. Capt.
Howard was in charge of two companies of soldiers at the time of the
Court House Fight, 1840; in the general conflict, when he collared an
Indian chief, he received a severe stab in the side. "Howard tried to
use his sword, but it was too long for service in a breast to breast
struggle, and aU he could do was to seize the Indian's wrist, which he
held tUl faint from loss of blood. He ordered the sentinel to fire upon
his antagonist, which he did and the Indian feU dead."378
George T. Howard served with the Santa Fe Expedition, was taken
prisoner, but later made his escape. He was a major in the Mexican
War. After the war he spent a good part of his time in San Antonio
as a government contractor. During the CivU War Major Howard en-
Usted with the Confederacy, and served under General Johnson as a
member of his staff, adding to his reputation for bravery and courage.
After the close of the war he returned to San Antonio. He formed a
partnership with Captain Ogden that endured for several years prior
to his death.
Major George Thomas Howard married in Washmgton, D. C, in
October, 1848, Mary Frances McCormick, daughter of Hugh and IsabeUe
McCanley. FoUowmg their marriage Major and Mrs. Howard came to
San Antonio and made this city their home. Major Howard began the
construction of a home on Quinta St. (Dwyer Ave.) but sold it to the
Groesbeeck famUy. He then Uved next to the Presbyterian Church on
Commerce St. At a subsequent date he purchased the property on
South Alamo St., east side, sUghtly south of Market St. The old house
was buUt by a German, and occupied by Dr. McCormick, Mrs. Howard's
uncle, who was in San Antonio in the United States Army. George T.
and Mary F. had:
1 Frances ("Fannte"). 5 ^ C o L R a Johnson, U. S. A.
Clarat
2 Kate, m. 1880, Henry L. Cunningham; 6c
. . , e .
parents of Howard, m. Margaret Anme. «•• S. A.
Bright-well, of Washington, D. C. 7 Agnes, m. Waters Davis, of EI Paso,
Kate, m. Maj. Usher, U. S. A. son of Governor E. J . Davis, parents
3 Isabel, "Belle," m. Apr. 16, 1879, at of: Briton, "Ted", and Clara, who m.
St. Mark's, Willis G. Edwards. William Kellog, of New York, they
4 George Thomas, or Thomas Calhoun. had: Jane, and Waters, and other
in California. children.
378 Chabot "Perote Prisoners," 20.

ANGLO-AMERICANS 345
Major George Thomas Howard family in 1852, when they settled

d. in Washington, D. C, Aug. 6, in San Antonio; they had:
1866. Mrs. Howard d. in Washing- 1 Elizabeth, m . ; d.: S. P.
ton, in 1909, at the age of 78.379 2 Fanny, m. I. P . SIMPSON, Judge and
Chief Justice, son of James, b. in
I. Clement Whittington, b. St. Ireland and brought to Ky., in hia
youth, and Mary Caldwell, daughter
Mary's Parish, Md, July 6, 1825, of David, a descendant of Richard
Callaway; "He was quick a t repartee,
known as "Clem," was also an In- always having a ready answer, even
dian fighter; he resided in San for the most quizzical question."
i Mary, d. y.
Angelo at one tune; he m. 1863, ii Lizzie, m. Herman KAMPMANN:
Herman, Ike, Eda, m. Joe Frost:
EUzabeth Cox, wid. of Duncan C. and Robert.
Ogden: iii F a n n y ; S. A.
iv Carry, m. George EICHLITZ: S.
1 Evalyn, m. a t St. Mark's Church, Feb- P.
ruary 9, 1885, Thomas Mathew Mil- v Robert, d. y.
letter vi Lavinia, m. John DOBBIN Sher-
i Elizabeth, d. y. iff and City Marshall; (see
ii Evalyn, m. a t St. Mark's Decem- Barnes, p. 245): Harry, Joe anc
ber 21, 1910, Richard Tunstall, John, twins ; and Marion,
of Norfolk, Va., parents of Eva- vii Lee, m. Henry Peyton Howard,
lyn Millette, Catherine Brooke, above,
and Virginia Mcintosh. viii Henry, m. Sally Evans (Onesimua
I. Henry Peyton, doctor, caUed by and Eliza):
a Bessie, m. Albert Devine.
his many friends, "Hal", "was a b Nannie, m. E. J . Smith, os
leading medical practitioner of Denison.
e Emma, m. Robert Culberson,
early days and was also postmaster d Lilly, m. 1st, Mr. Blair: Bes-
sie; m. 2nd, Edward F . Sims.
here during Cleveland's first pres- Houston,
idential incumbency." He resided e Henry, living in Houston,
f James, who lived in Uvalde:
in DaUas at one time. He m. 1st, "a sergeant of the Belknap
squadron of the 1st Tex. Vol-
"Lee" Weir: unteer Cavalry during the
1 Fannie Spanish American War, and
2 Mary, m. Mr. Hendricks. assisted J. P. Nelson in the
3 Henry, resided near Floresville, "serv- construction of a number of
ed in the Spanish American War at the good roads in Bexar Coun-
lieutenant of the Belknap troop of the ty," says Barnes, p. 237.
First Texas Volunteer Cavalry," says ix Camilla, m. J. E. Labat: P., of
Barnes, p. 195; m. Alice Dewees: whom: Weir.
i John, Sally Evans, after the d. of Henry
ii Tom. Weir, m. 2nd, William Aubrey, his 1st
m. 2nd, Mrs. Hopkins, of Hot wife, son of Williara, native of Wales,
Springs, Ark. who resided in Mobile, Ala., and tempor-
4 Camilla, m. Mr. Boykin. arily in Texas, and Rosa Matilda Forsyth
5 William, a physician in Dallas. daughter of John, of Ga. Sally and
WEIR William Aubrey had: John, m. Adelyn
H a r t : S. P. Wm. Aubrey m. 2nd, Eugenia
James Weir, native of Ireland, Speer (d.), daughter of Judge Emory
Speer and Sally Dearing, of Ga.: Wm.,
came out to Kentucky to become J r . ; Jean, m. John Bulkley, of Wash., D.
the heir of an uncle there; m. C., (parents of J e a n ) ; and Mary, m. Dr.
Peter McCall Keating of Philadelphia:
Frances Berry; came to Texas at Peter, Mary A., Jean Aubrey, and Wm
an early date, but brought his Aubrey.
EDWARDS
According to the family records of Mrs Col. Wm. Pope (parents of Elizabeth,
Floy Edwards Fontaine, John Edwards who m. Nathan H. Hall, parents of Flo-
(1619-1682) came to Maryland from rida 1828-1911, m. 2nd, 1848, Warrick
Wales. His son William m. Ann Harri- Tunstall) ; and Benjamin, 1752-1826,
son, 1678, and their son William, b. 1697. Lieutenant in the Maryland Line, and a
m. Mary Hayden. Their son Hayden member of Congress. Benjamin Edwards
(1723-1803), moved from Northumber- m. Margaret Beall; they h a d : Ninian,
land County, Va., to Bourbon County* Governor of Illinois; and Benjamin
Ky.; m. 1747, Penelope Sanford; they Franklin, 1797-1877, b. in Ky., moved to
were the parents of: Penelope, who m. St. Louis, Mo.; m. Eliza Green. They had:
379 Notes compiled by Mary Wagenfehr, from family sources.

346 WITH TEE MAKERS OF SAN ANTONIO
Benjamin EUsha, who came to KEARNY

San Antonio in 1846, with Enoch Edmund Kearny (1506) h a d a son
Jones, from Illinois, who was born J a m e s , who m . Eleano r O ' B r i e n ; t h e y
had Edmund, m. Catherine Meade;
in Kentucky, August 5, 1825. He p a r e n t s of J a m e s , who m . J u l i a n Gallo-
w a y , a n d t h e y h a d Edmund , w h o m . 2nd.
was a lawyer. He died October A n i s t a s e Y o u n g , of Kinsale, County of
10, 1858. He m. Susan Mudge, in Cork, I r e l a n d .
and Michael, c a m e
T h e ir t w o s o n s : P h i l i p
to America. The
New Orleans, Dec. 25, 1852; they descendants of P h i h p of Philadelphia
were numerous and married into m a n y
came to San Antonio the foUowing prominent families. Michael, said to
month, later moving to the Culebra have been b o r n in 1669, in I r e l a n d, it is
believed, b r o u g h t his first wife, J o a n n a
Ranch, 18 mi. W. of the city; they Lenox, w i t h h i m , who d . : S. P . Accord-
ing to P a r k e r , Michael K e a r n e y settled
had two sons: Frank Mudge, b. in in Monmouth County, a t Tinton, the
San Antonio, who m. LiUian Brock- Morris M a n o r . H e w a s a resident
N e w York City i n 1715, b u t h a d been i n
of
way; and WUUs Green, who m. Virginia, a c c o r d i n g to t h e J o u r n a l of
John Fontaine, who settled in Va., i n
Isabel Howard, daughter of George about 1713. H e probably took u p his
Thomas and Mary Frances, above. residence in P e r t h Amboy in a b o u t 1720.
H e was Sec'y of Province, S u r r o g a t e ,
11. Frank and LiUian Brockway Oct. 20, 1 7 2 0 ; Clerk of
Dec., 1720; C l e r k of t h e C o u r t of Com-
t h e Assembly,
had: m o n Pleas, A p r . 23, 1 7 3 1 ; T r e a s . of t h e
P r o v . of N e w J e r s e y , e t c . H e d. May 7,
1 Floy, m . J u l e s W . F o n t a i n e (Sidney 1741. H e m . 2nd, Elizabeth B r i t t i n of
Thurston and Julia Washington, P h i l a . T h e i r only child Philip, b . May 18,
d a u g h t e r of L a u r e n c e , so n of Samuel, 1704 (though P a r k e r says P h i l i p ' s m o t h e r
b r o t h e r of George W a s h i n g t o n ) : w a s S a r a h M o r r i s ) , m . 1st, J u n e 6, 1730,
i Edwards, in N . Y., S u s a n n a h Burley, wid. of H o n .
ii Floy, Wm. Burley, d a u g h t e r of M a r y and
iii Elizabeth, Ferdinand R a v a u d , of Phila., (though
iv E m i l y . P a r k e r s t a t e s P h i l i p ' s 1st wife w a s L a d y
2 Helen, m . Rollins C S y f a n : Barney D e x t e r , of Phila., whose m a i d e n
i Helen, n a m e w as Ravaud) ; m. 2nd, Isabella
ii Rollins C. H o o p e r ; by t h e 1st m . : P h i l i p , b . P e r t h
iii F r a n k E. Amboy, J u l y 27, 1733; d. J u n e 17, 1798,
iv T o m C. at Newark; m . J u l y 4, 1770, S u s a n n a
v Bernard F . Watts (John, S r . a n d A n n de L a n c e y :
J o h n Sr., s o n of Robert a n d Mary
3 Lillian, m . M a t t R o g e r s : S. P . Nicholl, d a u g h t e r of William, Speake r of
4 Emily, a n a r t i s t . t h e Assembly, son of M a t t h i a s , Sec'y of
t h e Prov. of N . Y „ by his wife A n n e ,
LT. WUUs Green, m. Isabel Howard d a u g h t e r of Jeremias Van Rensselaer,
" f i r s t p e r m a n e n t settler in A m e r i c a a n d
(above): t h i r d p a t r o o n , " A n n e de Lancey, d a u g h -
t e r of Stephen and Ann, d a u g h t e r of
1 M a r y , m . 1st, J a c k H . L e w i s : S t e p h a n u s V a n C o r t l a n d t, a n d G e r t r u d e
i Dorothy, m . E . J . T h o m p k i n s : Schuyler, d a u g h t e r of P h i l i p , t h e i m m i -
a Howard L. grant).
ii H u g h H o w a r d .
m . 2nd, F . A . T h o m p s o n : S. P . Philip a n d S u s a n n a h a d 15 ch., t h e
youngest of w h o m wa s Stephen W a t t s ,
2 Nelly, m . Col. A . E . W i l l i a m s : b. N e w a r k , N . J . , A u g . 30, 1794; d. S t .
i Agnes, Louis, Mo., Oct. 3 1 , 1848; m . t h e r e , S e p t .
ii Caroline, 5, 1830. M a r y Radford, d a u g h t e r of J o h n
iii M a r y . and Harriet Kennerly. "Stephen Watta
3 Agnes, m. Emil H . Dittmar, (see Kearney w a s Major-General in t h e U . S.
B a r n e s , p p . 259-261): A r m y , served w i t h distinction a s C a p t a i n
in t h e W a r of 1812. Colonel c o m m a n d -
i John Howard. i n g the m i l i t a r y expedition t o t h e Rocky
ii M a r t i n M. Mountains a l o n g w h a t is k n o w n a s t h e
iii M a r y F r a n c e s . Oregon T r a i l , p a s t Fort Laramie along
4 B e n j a m i n E., m . L i l l i a n Owen: t h e River P l a t t e , a n d r e t u r n i n g by w a y
i B e n j a m i n E., J r . of t h e S a n t a F e T r a i l , t r a v e r s i n g 2,500
ii O w e n . miles in 1845, on which expedition h e
iii Sue. w a s accompanied by his nephew, L t ,
iv L a u r a Belle. Philip K e a r n e y ; General c o m m a n d i n g t h e
a r m y of t h e w e s t in t h e Mexican W a r ,
5 F a n n y , m . Lt. Col. L a w r e n c e M a t h e w s : for m a n y y e a r s colonel a n d c o m m a n d e r
i Isabel, m . L t . £ . H e n r y . of the F i r s t U n i t e d S t a t e s D r a g o o n s ,
ii F r a n c e s . practically r e o r g a n i z i n g t h e Cavalr y s e r -
iii L a w r e n c e O., J r . vice ; c o n q u e r o r of t h e s o u t h w e s t ; a u t h o r
of t h e famous code of N e w Mexican l a w s
6 Isabel, m . Col. George R, S o m e r v i U e : called ' K e a r n y ' s Code.' H e w a s first
7 Willis G., J r . , m . E n i d Shroud: Governor of California a n d of Mexico
i Barbara. City d u r i n g t h e A m e r i c a n occupation of
ANGLO-AMERICANS 347
Mexico; after whom are named Fort March 2, 1926. WiUiam, and Sue
Kearny, Neb., Kearny City and County,
Neb., Kearny, Mo., Kearny City and had three sons:
County, Kan., Camp Kearny, Cal., and
Kearny Street, San Francisco; and author 1 Stephen Watts, b. July 28, 1869; m.
of a military work entitled, 'Manoeuver- Isabel Evans (Thomas Sunderland, of
ing of Dragoons'." N. J. and Transito Godoy, of Chile. S.
Stephen Watts and Mary had A . ) : two ch., d. y.
ten children, of whom the oldest, 2 Clarence Malvern, b. Oct. 7, 1876; d.
Dec. 25, 1895: S. A.
WiUiam, b. in N. Y. City, Nov. 30, 3 Clinton Hall, b. Oct. 17, 1871, in San
1833; d. May 30, 1893; appointed Antonio; m. Mary Chabot Cresson
(Charles C. and Adelia Van Derlip).
from Missouri, Cadet, West Point, Nov. 24, 1908, at the Cresson resid-
ence, 815 Grayson St.; he d. Oct. 22.
July 1, 1849; 2nd Lt., 10th Infy., 1931. He was educated a t the S. A.
March 3, 1855; 1st Lt., J a n 23, 1861; High School, and S. A. Academy. He
finished a special course in engineer-
resigned June 1, 1861, to enter the ing at Princeton, where he graduated
in 1894. In August, 1897, he began
Confederate Army in which he his career as a civil engineer, under
was Captain and Ad. C. and I n - Dr. F. S. Pearson, in N. Y, City,
where his uncle Henry Kearny had
spector-General during the War, already gained a reputation as a civil
1861-65. WUliam Keamy m. Sep- engineer. His active and brilliant
engineering record is published in
tember 30, 1865, Sue Hinckley "The Texas Republic," April 10, 1915.
The largest dams of which he was the
Mudge, wid of Benjamin Edwards chief engineer were: Medina, near
above, who d. Oct. 10, 1858, in San Antonio; Necaxa, Mexico; and
Larges, Brazil, which furnish the light
EdwardsviUe, HI. They were m a r - and power to Mexico City and Rio de
Janeiro, respectively. During the
ried in the old St. Charles Hotel term 1915-1917, Mr. Kearny was Com-
in New Orleans. They retumed to missioner of Streets and Public Im-
provements in San Antonio. During
Texas to Uve on a ranch near the last five years, he was president
of the Medina Irrigation Land Sales
Goliad for a year. Members of the Co., and the Catarina Land Co. Clin-
Kearny family were in Texas as ton Hall and Mary C. had:
i Clinton Cresson, b. Aug. 7, 1912,
early as 1858, for on September 30, d. within six days after birth.
of that year, a sister wrote Charles ii Cresson Henry, b. January 7,
1914; attending Princeton with
Kearny, brother of WUUam, from an unusually high record in his
Oak HiU, near GoUad. WUUam and studies and in athletics; Rhodes
Scholar.
his wife retumed to San Antonio, iii Clinton Charles, b. Sept. 19,
then moved to the Culebra Ranch, 1916; attending the University of
Texas.
1866, but were forced to r e t u m to
the city on account of danger from The Kearny family, in Ireland, were
descended from the ancient monarchs of
the Indians. The Keamy residence Ireland. According to O'Hart's "Irish
Pedigrees," Aongus, No. 94, of the
was at the SW comer of Main O'Brien Pedigree, was the ancestor of
Ave. and EucUd. Mrs. Keamy d. O'Cearnaigh (Chaisil), anglicised. "Kear-
ney."
BOWEN PEACOCK
The earliest m e n t i o n of the name. Shelby, a n d T h o m a s L.
Peacock, in S a n A n t o n i o , is t h a t of J o h n 4 James, m. Frances T a b o r :
W . P e a c o c k ; who, accordin g t o family i T h o m a s , m . Alice H i n e s , a n d h a d :
t r a d i t i o n , wa s elected c o m m a n d e r of t h e Fannie, m . W i l l i am Rutledge;
T e x a n s after Ben M i l a m wa s killed, De- F r a n k , m . L u c i a T o b i n ; Caldwell,
cember 7, 1835, a t 2:30 P . M., in t h e m . Lilly W i l l i a m s o n ; a n d Bettie,
Veramendi place; a n d who w a s killed m. Larkin T. S m i t h : Catherine ,
t w o hours later, in t h e same place; d.: S. P . ; L a r k i n Calvert, m.
J o h n s o n being elected c o m m a n d e r that Estelle Henderson, parents of
night. J o h n W . P e a c o ck w a s a b r o t h e r Larkin Calvert, J r ; Elizabeth
of J a m e s T. Peacock, w h o c a m e t o T e x a s Evelyn, m . Gail Borden Goodloe,
in 1836, from Shelbyville, T e n n . James parents of Gail Edward and
T. married Mattie Watkins, the daughter Betty Borden w h o m . Lieut. O.
of J a m e s Coleman W a t k i n s by his 2nd, O. Wilson, p a r e n t s of Gail F r a n c i s
wife, Lettice Williams: James T. a n d and Joseph Clay; Mary Tabor,
Mattie had James Watkins, William d.: S. P . ; E m i l y : S. A . ; and
T h o m a s , Sue, George Childress, I d a W i l - Fannie, m. Major J . M. Tully,
liams (m. J a y M i n t e r ) , Alex, d. y., Rob - p a r e n t s of J o s e p h M., J r . , F r a n -
e r t E . Lee, d. y., a n d Lillian I . James ces S m i t h , Larkin Smith, and
Coleman W a t k i n s m . 1st, Lutecia M o o r e ; Robert Dussil.
a n d m . 3rd, M a r y C a l v e r t . 5 Samuel Ralls, d . : S. A .
6 S u s a n Sophia, m . J a c k H A Y S , whose
CALVERT f a t h e r a n d g r a n d f a t h e r distinguished
themselves in Creek Wars under
George Calvert w a s b . Feb. 6, 1744; his Jackson. J o h n Coffee H a y s w a s b.
wife Lydia B. Rolls, w a s b. Oct. 9, 1749. a t L i t t l e Cedar Lick, Wilson Ccunty ,
T h e i r son. Rolls, w a s b . March 23, 1767, T e n n . , J a n . 28, 1817. H e left home
a c c o r d i n g t o t h e bible of J a n e Calvert aged 15, t o s u r v e y l a n d in Mississippi.
G r a v e r (in " T h e I n v i n c i b l e : " I, iv, 1 7 ) . He joined t h e T e x a s a r m y a t Brazos
George Calvert, a c c o r d i n g to family t r a - River j u s t a f t e r S a n J a c i n t o . Besides
dition, lived on P o t o m a c River, 20 m i . leading t h e M i n u t e Men in S a n A n -
below (then) Bellhaven, Md. Ralls Cal- tonio, he c o m m a n d e d in numerous
vert, Esq., of Washington, Culpeper b a t t l es a g a i n s t Mexico, a n d w a s com-
County, Va., w a s appointed a Deputy missioned by t h e T e x a s Congress in
P o s t Master. May 22, 1811 ("Ibid.." I. iv, 1840, f i r s t C a p t a i n of t h e T e x as
30). He m. Mary Strother, at New- R a n g e r s , o r g a n i z e d in consequence of
m a r k e t , Va., A p r . 8, 1816, accordin g to F i r s t Congress, A c t of J u n e 12. 1837.
family r e c o r d s ; so t h e Calverts w e r e r e - W h e n he first c a m e t o S a n A n t o n i o ,
lated to the Riddles. Rolls Calvert a n d in 1836, he w a s a p p o i n t e d a deputy
M a r y had J e r e m i a h , of Seguin, T e x a s , surveyor. " T h e s u r v e y i n g p a r t i e s fre-
w h o m . Priscilla S m i t h e r , a n d t h e y w e r e quently h a d 'brushes* w i t h t h e In-
t h e p a r e n t s of 10 c h . : dians, a n d i t w a s o n t h e s e occasions
1 M a r y A n n , m . J a m e s Coleman W a t - t h a t H a y s displayed such r a r e m i l i t a r y
kins, above: skill a n d d a r i n g , t h a t very soon by
consent of all, h e w a s looked u p o n as
i Calvert, m . M a r t h a L o g a n S m i t h , the leader a n d his orders w e r e obeyed
and h a d : J a c k ; Calvert; Cath- and he himself loved by a l l. I n a
erine Antoinette, m. Charles fight he w a s u t t e r l y fearless a n d in-
Keys ; C a t h e r i n e L o g a n : S. A . ; vincible," says M r s . Maverick, i n h e r
Martha; Willodene, m . Joseph " M e m o i r s , " p p . 28-29. J a c k H a y s d.
S m i t h ; a n d R a l p h S m i t h : S. A . in California. H e h a d :
ii C a t h e r i ne A n t o i n e t t e , m . J o s e ph
Zorn. i John, m. A n n a McMullen, by
iii Mary F r a n c e s , m. Milnor J o n e s , w h o m : J o h n , a n d a n o t h e r son.
and h a d : M a r y Elizabeth, n. ii Dickey, d . : S. A .
Joseph T. C a n t ; Clement J a m e s , iii Betty, m . 1st, J o h n McMullen, by
S. P . ; X a v i e r ; Boniface, d. y . ; w h o m she h a d 2 sons a n d one
St. A u g u s t i n e ; E z e k i e l ; M o n i c a ; d a u . ; m . 2nd, M r . N o r r i s : S. P .
C y r i l ; J a c k H a y s ; a n d Zenith, m . Betty H a y s h a d 3 sisters who d.
Prof. B r o w n , of W a s h i n g t o n , D. y.
C. 7 Elizabeth P e n d l e t o n , q s.
iv Bettie, m . J o h n Christoph E h r i n g - 8 Lancelot, d . : S, A .
haus, a n d h a d : William F . M . : 9 M a r t h a , m . Alfred Shelby, p a r e n t s of
M a r t h a Shelby, m . J . M. G i l l : William Read, C a l v e r t , E v a n , Mc-
Bettie M a r i o n ; a n d L e t t i e Eliza- Dowel ( d a u . ) , a n d Priscilla Calvert,
beth, m. John T. Johnston: who m . W . H . J o h n s t o n , h e r cousin.
Elizabeth May, a n d A n n e Dennis. 10 E d w a r d , d . : S. A .
v Lettie, d . : S. A.
vi William T h o m a s , m . Lelia W i l -
liamson, and had: Bettie, m . Elizabeth Pendleton Calvert (7),
Fred Kemp; Lettie, m.
M a t h i s ; A l v a , m . Millard F l e m -
Jim d. April 1876; m. John TWOHIG,
ing ; M a r v i n ; A n n ; E d w a r d ; a n d a typical Irish gentleman, coming
Louise.
2 Elizabeth, d. y. here about the same time as the
3 Catherine Kennerly, m. T h o m a s D. small colony of Milesians. "His
Johnston, and h a d : Rollin. J e r e m i a h
C , William H . , m , Priscilla Calvert home was a quaint structure on
ANGLO - AMERICANS 349
the San Antonio River, fronting ed $1,000. to the new Catholic hos-
on St. Mary's St. He always enter- pital. In 1882 he organized a ben-
tained every visitor of prominence efit society for orphans. Much
soon after arrival here." The earlier in his career, "When he
Twohig house still stands at the heard the Mexican army was
rear of the present S. A. Public marching here, knowing it would
Service Co. building; a good view loot his store, which was then near
of it is to be obtained from the the corner of Main Plaza and
Commerce St. bridge. We should Commerce St., he invited all of
be grateful to the Public Service of the poor of the population to
Co. for preserving this interesting come to it and help themselves."
landmark. John Twohig was first John Twohig was elected alder-
a merchant, and did an immense man July 16, 1842. He was a Pe-
trade with Mexico, shipping his rote prisoner. He died Tuesday
goods in prairie schooners. He quit morning, Oct. 14, 1891, and was
merchandising and devoted his buried in San Fernando Cemetery.
time to banking. His banking firm, He is said to have left a fortune
Twohig & Co., opened in May 1869, of three million dollars! He had
stood on Commerce St., opposite no children, but left an unmarried
the head of Yturri St. He dissolv- sister, Kate, who had kept house
ed partnership with Thomas D. for him, and who d. in June 1902,
Johnson in June 1877. In 1889 he aged 68 years. His will (see Ex-
was advertising as "Banker and press, Nov. 22, 1891) was contest-
dealer in Foreign and Domestic ed; the case compromised; with
Exchange, coin and bullion." Mr. final settlement, Nov. 15, 1892.
Twohig was generous to his Jolm Twohlg's portrait was paint-
friends. In July 1869 he contributed by Miss Stanley.
JACK HAYS
From the painting in the Alamo
TWO BROTHERS
Mary Swope, daughter of Dr. two brothers, George S. and Ralph
Jacob Swope and Susannah Stein- William Peacock, with the request
metz (dau. of Daniel Steinmetz, that one of them take the name
personal friend of George Wash- of John Bowen, in order that the
ington, financial helper in the name might not die out. Ralph
American Revolution, who came William, the elder, did as request-
from Germany in 1732 in a ship ed, and by act of the Texas Legis-
called The Two Brothers, and his lature, changed his name to John
wife, Anna Maria Schryer), mar- Bowen. Both of the brothers shar-
ried John Bowen and resided in ed equally in the estate of John
Philadelphia and Jamaica. They Bowen, but to Ralph William who
had Isabella, who m. Austin Mont- took the name, was given the
gomery, and John Bowen, who m. crest and signet ring of John
Martha Anthony. Bowen, a wounded deer, pierced
Mary Swope, after the death of by an arrow with the caption:
John Bowen, m. 2nd, Ralph Pea- Dum spiro, spero ("While I
cock, of Philadelphia, grandson of breathe, I hope"), this being part
William Peacock. They had: of the two-fold motto used by the
state of South Carolina. The Bow-
1 Dodsworth, a n a r t i s t , d. in early m a n - en seal is owned and used by the
hood.
2 R a l p h William, q. s. present John Bowen, of the 3rd
3 George S t e i n m e t z , q. s. generation.
4 M a ry F r a n c e s , became a c o n v e r t to t h e
Catholic faith a n d joined t h e Order of
T h e Sacred H e a r t . A N ACT T O C H A N G E T H E N A M E O F
5 Adeline, m . Louis Duval, of Phila . (his R A L P H WILLIAM PEACOCK TO
bro. w a s g r a n d f a t h e r of M r s . May JOHN BOWEN.
Worthington Graham). " W h e r e a s , R a l p h W i l l i a m Peacock, a
6 Cornelia A u g u s t a , m . P i e r c e Connel- n a t i v e of Philadelphia , in t h e S t a t e of
ly, a n Episcopal m i n i s t e r of N e w O r - P e n n s y l v a n i a , a t p r e s e n t a t t h e city of
leans. They h a d : Mercer, Adeline, S a n A n t o n i o , B e x a r County, in t h e S t a t e
John, Mary Magdalen, and Franklin. of T e x a s , is t e s t a m e n t a r y h e i r by t h e will
While t h e children w e re still y o u n g . of his half-brother, J o h n Bowen, deceas-
Pierce Connelly a n d his wife Cornelia ed, t o Bowen H a l l E s t a t e in t h e Island
became converts to t h e Catholic f a i t h . of J a m a i c a , u n d e r certain conditions,
" H e became a p r i e s t a n d she founded w h e r e b y i t is necessary t h a t t h e n a m e of
t h e now well k n o w n order of t h e Con- t h e said R. W . Peacock be changed t o
v e n t of t h e Holy Child, in E n g l a n d , J o h n Bowen ; t h e r e f o r e :
F r a n c e a n d t h e United S t a t e s . T h e i r Section 1. Be it e n a c t e d by t h e Legis-
children w e r e adopted by relatives a n d l a t u r e of t h e S t a t e of T e x a s t h a t t h e
friends." n a m e of R a l p h William P e a c o ck he c h a n g -
ed t o J o h n Bowen.
I. Ralph WilUam (2), and his Section 2. B e i t f u r t h e r enacte d t h a t
this a c t t a k e effect from a n d after its
brother Greorge, devoted and in- passage.
(Signed) J a m e s W . Henderson,
separable companions, left Phila- S p e a k e r of t h e H o u s e of R e p -
delphia together to invest in for- resentatives.
J o h n A. Greer, P r e s i d e n t of t h e
eign lands. They were in Texas as Senate.
early as 1835, and later went to Approved M a r c h 18, 1848.
G E O . L. W A R D ( G o v e r n o r ).
South America. Ralph William re-
turned to Texas. He was granted John Bowen was treasurer of the
a land certificate September 7, City of San Antonio, 1849-54, and
1841. John Bowen, a half brother, 1856-58. At this time he was also
of Bowen Hall, Kingston, Jamaica, United States post master.
died [ca 1848] with no living chil- After a lingering illness of years
dren, so he left his estate to the duration, John Bowen died in
'_yL$r*-^
•^'y§3"' r : 'M : W • ^ j -1
mm m m
-,;..;,.-
t§3
M
, •• • • '
, * --
ANGLO-AMERICANS 351
1867. At his request his grave was engineer; m. Ada Elliott, by

w h o m : Elizabeth a n d J u l i a Isabel-
made on Bowen's Island, the five la.
iii J o h n Bowen, geologist a n d e n -
acre tract of land almost com- g i n e e r ; m . E d i t h Clarkson, of
pletely surrounded by a bend in Berkeley, Cal., by w h o m : V i r g i n i a .
iv Elizabeth, m . 1912, J o e H a r v e y
the bed of the San Antonio River. H e n r y G r a h a m , of S a n A n t o n i o ,
The spot was guarded by several son of H e n r y a n d M a y W o r t h i n g -
ton, of Boerne, T e x a s , by w h o m :
magnolia trees intertwined by H e n r y Joseph, b . 1913, a n d W a n d a ,
b. 1918.
heavy wild grape vines and mark- v R a l p h Joseph, m i n i n g engineer*;
ed by a huge marble slab. Within m .Florence Dawson, of New Y o r k ;
he w a s killed in a n a e r o p l a n e a c -
the tomb were placed the remains cident in 1936: S. P .
of the well loved brother, George, vi J n linn, d. y.
v/ho had died at Port Lavaca. 3 J o h n George, p h y s i c i a n ; d. 1886: S. A .
4 George R a l p h , p h y s i c i a n ; m . Caroline
Later on the widow of the two Katz (wid.).
brothers, had their dust moved to 5 Francis Joseph, architect; m. Eleanora
Franks:
the Bowen lot in old San Fernan- i F r a n c i s J., J r . , m . A m a n d a H a a k
by w h o m : F r a n c i s , David, a n d
do Cemetery. The river bed at John.
Bowen's Island has since been ii J o h n George.
iii M a r y Elizabeth.
straightened, and the Smith- iv R a l p h Nicholas.
Young Tower marks the origmal v Regina,
daughters.
m. Robert Riddle: 3
spot. 6 Elizabeth Ogden, m . J o s e p h C. N e l s o n :
John Bowen m. at San Fernan- i Joseph C , J r .
ii A g n e s Mary, m . B e r n a r d D a r m s :
do Church, Aug. 29, 1850 (with 5 ch.
sponsors: Catherine Niblo and iii J o h n Anthony, m . R u t h L o w e '
S. P .
John Elliot), his sister-in-law, iv R a l p h William, m . P e a r l B i r k n e r :
Mary Elizabeth, wid. of George S. 2 ch.
Peacock, and dau. of Francis v Thomas Bernard.
Murphy and EUzabeth Allen. They The John Bowen homestead was
had: the origmal Curbelo property; it
1 S a r a h Cornelia, m. June 23, 1875, was purchased on August 30, 1847,
George H e n r y N o o n a n , a distinguished
j u r i s t of T e x a s ; n a t i v e of Essex Coun-
from Antonio de la Garza and Ma-
t y , N . J., b . 1827; son of George a n d ria Josefa Menchaca de la Garza
M a r g a r e t Casey, of Limerick, I r e l a n d :
studied l a w u n d e r J o h n Whitehead of
for $300.00. The description in the
N e w a r k ; c a m e to Castroville in 1852; deed stated that the entire front-
to S a n A n t o n i o in 1868; district j u d g e
(1862-1894); a s t r o n g U n i o n i s t ; he d. age was 78.1 ft. (of which a strip
in S a n A n t o n i o , A u g . 11, 1907, univer- 10 ft. in depth was conveyed to
sally beloved a n d p o p u l a r :
i George B r a c k e n r i d g e , m . 1st, Helen the city for the sum of $3,000.00
Heser, by w h o m : Gertrude, M a r y by Francis J. Bowen, for the pur-
Cornelia, George a n d R u t h ; a n d
m . 2nd, Tilly Bader, by w h o m : pose of widening the street). There
J e r o m e , C a t h e r i n e a n d Elizabeth,
who lived n e a r Castroville.
was a stone house or room there-
ii Ralph Joseph , m . Grace, by w h o m : on of 5 varas front and also a lime
Ralph,
(Hondo).
Martin and Mary A n n kiln on the street that ran south
2 M a r t h a Isabella M o n t g o m e r y , named from the pubhc square known as
for t h e family of J o h n
1853; m. 1882, in S a n Antonio, Leon-
Bowen, b . the Plaza de Govierno, at the time
a r d Wojomir O r y n s k i , a Polish p a t r i o t having 23 varas front. It was
a n d exile from h i s n a t i v e land. Mr.
Orynski o r g a n i z e d t h e first wholesale
bounded N, alley or Callejon, divid-
d r u g store in S a n A n t o n i o , being a ing it from the property of Volney
founder of t h e S a n A n t o n i o Drug Co.
i W a n d a Isabella, l i b r a r i a n . Con- E. Howard; S, property of Maria
gressional Library, Washington, Nieves Curbelo; W, street; and E,
D. C.
ii Leonard W o j o m i r , geologist a n d river. This property had been ac-
quired by De La Garza in 1824. who distributed the mail and pre-

John Bowen Uved in the old stone pared the maU bags for the stage
and adobe structure on the river Une that passed through San An-
banks. For some time before his tonio carrying the transcontinent-
death he was Uving in the house al maU to Califomia."
which his wife had had built on John Bowen died Friday morn-
Bowen's Island, and it was there ing, December 13, 1867. The Ex-
he died. It was also there that press of Dec. 14, 1867 says "He
Mary Bowen Peacock married Dr. was known as a man of great
Gaenslen. (See Sp. Ar., Vol 309, pp. firmness of character—and strict-
143-144; and Chabot, Perote Pris- ly honest and straight forward in
oners, 143, note.) Bowen's or "Gal- his business relations. He stood
veston Island", was purchased by firm through aU the dark days of
Ralph Wm. Peacock from Maria the rebelUon, as a loyal citizen to
Josefa Rodriguez de Yturri, in the United States Govemment,
January 1845. and in his declining years had the
Barnes tells us, p. 202, that John satisfaction of seeing the Union
Bowen, who owned the peninsula preserved and the legacy of a
called Bowen's Island, was the free repubhcan govemment the
first American postmaster of San boom of his chUdren."
Antonio and the first postmaster n . George Steinmetz (3), son of
under the Texas RepubUc. He Ralph Peacock and Mary Swope,
says: "Bowen spent many years who accomanied his brother Ralph
in South America prior to set- Peacock (John Bowen) to Texas
tUng in Texas He was a strong in 1835, and later, to South Amer-
Unionist and died such. During his ica, received as a reward for some
incumbency as postmaster he re- vaUant service rendered in a gov-
ceived the munificent salary of emment crisis, a gold ring, upon
$25.00 per month. His assistant, which was written, in French II
who was Henry Radaz, succeeded suffit d'etre comme je suis, "It is
him as postmaster and removed sufficient to be as I am." This ring
the post office from the historic is now owned by a grandson,
old Quinta, which was Bowen's George Gaenslen. In 1841 the
dwelling, to the SW comer of brothers, George S. and Ralph, are
Quinta St. and Dolorosa St., where recorded as attorneys in land
the present Court House is locat- transactions in Texas. George Pea-
ed." Newcomb tells us, pp. 47-49, cock returned to Philadelphia and
"San Antonio's post office in 1850 in 1845, married Mary EUzabeth
was conducted by Mr. John Bowen, Murphy, of MUl Grove Manor, Cin-
a pubUc spirited citizen who volun- cinnati, Ohio, dau. of Francis Mur-
teered his services without remun- phy (whose mother was a Livings-
eration. The post office building ton, and aunt of Dr. Livingston)
and Mr. Bowen's home were un- and EUzabeth AUen. George, with
der the same roof. This primitive his wife and infant son, started
building was situated on Calle once more for Texas to join his
Quinta known later as Dwyer Ave... brother, Ralph Peacock (John Bow-
There were no departments and en) , who had prepared a home for
neither postal clerks nor assist- him in San Antonio. The infant
ants other than Mr. Bowen's wife, son d. in New Orleans. Arriving in
ANGLO-AMERICANS 353
Port Lavaca on his way to San i Mary. m. James Marion Morrow,

Antonio, George Peacock was by whom: James M., Jr., and Wil-
liam.
stricken, in the famous cholera 2 Mary Cornelia, m. Herman Joseph
Wagenfehr:
epidemic, of 1849, and died, leav- i John Jacob, m. Margaret Hoefgen,
ing his widow and an infant by whom: Margaret Mary and
John.
daughter, Mary. The widow, Mary 3 George Ralph, m. Louise Stille:
Elizabeth, with her daughter, com- i Louise Mary.
ii George, J r .
leted the trip to the home prepar- iii Elizabeth Cornelia, b. 1935.
ed for her in San Antonio, and 4 Mary Elizabeth.
the following year, married her The Bowen family of Ireland,
brother-in-law, Ralph Peacock, are descended from the ancient
now known as John Bowen. monarchs of Ireland. No. 85 of
III. Mary, dau. of George S.
Peacock and Mary Elizabeth Mur- the O'Connor Pedigree, Cucorb,
phy, m. 1858, Dr. John Jacob King of Leinster, had Cairbre
Gaenslen, b. New York, 1825, d. (youngest son), who went into
1879, on the anniversary of his Munster, where his grandfather,
wedding; educated at Winchester, the 97th Monarch, gave him ter-
Va.; member of medical corps of ritory called Dal Cairbre, "the
the United States Army; his suc- lands of Carbery". No. 89 was
cessful treatment of the cholera, Buan, anglicised Bowen, Bone
during the epidemic of 1866, won and Boon, meaning "good." Of
him an unusual reputation in this Une, No. 103 was Dubhiir,
San Antonio. Mary and Dr. John duby, "black," Ur, "a shirt," ang-
J. Gaenslen had: licised, Dwyer. No. 107 was Pad-
1 Fred B., m. Neva Fisk, of Philadel-
raic O'Dwyer, Lord of Kilna-
phia: managh. County Tiperary.
NEWCOMB
Capt. Andrew Newcomb, b. probably in b. June 9, 1769, a t Fort Cumberland, N.
England about 1618; d. in Boston, Mass., S.; d. Sept., 1846, at Wallace, N. S.; m.
1686; nearly all traditions declare that 1798, at Pictou, Jane, youngest daughter
he emigrated from the west of England, of Matthew and Sutia Harris of Pictou,
perhaps Devonshire or Wales; first men- being the first white female child born in
tion is made of him in Boston in 1663; it the District, now the County, of Pictou;
is probable that he came to America as they had Thomas, b Apr. 6, 1806, in Pic-
captain of a sailing vessel, making his tou, Dist, of Pictou, N. S.; d. April 1849.
first landing a t Barbados and from thence
to Virginia; by his 1st wife he had An-
drew, b. about 1640, who resided at the
Thomas Newcomb became a
Isles of Shoals as early as July, 1666, from merchant's clerk when 12 years
whence he removed in 1674, and became old; at the age of 22, he went to
a prominent citizen of Martha's Vine-
yard ; he was Lieut, of Militia, 1691; by sea; soon became master of a
his 1st wife he had Simon , b. 1665 or West India schooner; and fol-
1666, probably at Kittery, York Co., Maine,
and d. at Lebanon, Conn., Jan. 20, 1774-5; lowed the sea several years. Once,
he m. at Edgartown, Mass., about 1687. De-
borah ; they had Simon, b. about 1705; d. when returning from the West
about 1770 in Cornwallis, N. S.; m. 1st, Indies, his vessel capsized, and
in Edgartown, Nov. 17, 1740, Jerusha
Lathrop, daughter of Thomas and Mehit- he was 15 days on the wreck at
able Sarson; they had Simon, b. Dec. 28,
1745; d. Dec., 1776, at Amherst, N. S.;
sea without food. In 1832, after
m. 1769, at Cornwallis, Mercy Gore, acquiring a good education, he
daughter of Moses and Desire Burns; Si-
mon was a farmer; he removed with his
commenced the study of law in
parents to Cornwallis in 1761; and re- Amherst, N. S.; received his dip-
moved from there to Cumberland, before loma as barrister from Judge Hal-
1770, and to Amherst, N. S., soon after-
ward ; his oldest son was Simon Lathrop, liburton. He m. in Westfield, N. B.,
Aug. 3,1836, Martha Margaret, dau. April 17, 1849; res. in City of San An-
tonio, Texas." Native of Halifax. N.
of Capt. James and Eliza Pearson, b. S., John Gore was brought to Texas
by his parents in October of 1839,
in Liverpool, England, Aug. 1, 1810. landing at Indianola, and shortly there-
I n October 1839 Mr. Newcomb re- after removing to Victoria. In 1848 he
removed to San Antonio with his
moved to Texas (in the same ves- father and step-mother; however, James
sel with his brother Simon), and P. Newcomb, had been in San Antonio
since 1845. In 1S61 Gore joined Pyron's
settled in Victoria, then a frontier company in Ford's regiment of Con-
settlement. The following is from federate Volunteers, and at the reor-
ganization of the reg., which changed
the family Bible: "Martha Mar- it into Pyron's Reg., he was placed in
garet, my dear and beloved wife Capt. Poor's Co., in which he served
throughout the war. The Co. was sent
died at the town of Victoria in to New Mex. where it participated In
Western Texas this 9th day of several battles of that campaign and
in which Gore Newcomb proved him-
March, 1841, so here closes for self to be a fearless soldier. The Com-
the present my brief and sorrow- mand was then transferred to La.,
where it saw more service. Of his own
ful record.—Thomas Newcomb." achievements in war he was retincent,
but it was said of him that he was one
Another entry in the family Bible of the brave band selected to capture
is interesting: March 6th, 1842, 8: the frigate "Northern Star" at Sabine
Pass and was the first man on board.
P. M. This night the Mexican At the close of the war he returned
army is expected. I have entrust- to West Texas and in 1867, married.
He loved nature and spent most of his
ed my two dear boys to Dr. and remaining years on his farm where he
Mrs. Webb so as to take part in the was accidently killed by a deer trap
gun on July 11, 1896. He was a mem.
war and this is probably my last of the Masonic Order and of the Al-
record." bert Sidney Johnson Camp United
Confederate Veterans. Issue:
Thomas Newcomb ni. 2nd, a t i James, b. Sept. 1, 1S68, a t Atas-
cosa. Texas; m. May 16, 1892
Corpus Christi, 1847, Eliza Jane at San Antonio, Texas, Pauline
Russell; they had two chUdren Venable Womack, b. June 7, 1865,
at "Vineyard," near Farmville,
who d. y. They removed to San Va., dau. of Egbert and Martha
Antonio in 1848; where he d. April Henry (Morton); by whom: a
dau. who d. Sept. 27, 1893, and a
1849, of cholera. He arrived in son Morton, b. April 8, 1896; d.
what was then the Republic of Nov. 24. 1902.
ii Gore. b. Jan. 1, 1871 ; d. Feb.
Texas during hard times. He en- 11, 1876.
dured many dangers and hard- iii Thomas, b. March 9 ; d. Dec. 11,
1873.
ships; acquired a large practice as
a lawyer, standing among the II. James Pearson (1), b. in Am-
first in the country; served awhile herst, Cumberland Co., Nova
as district attorney, for the west- Scotia, Aug. 31, 1837; emigrated
ern district of the RepubUc of with his parents; settled at Vic-
Texas. "He died in the prime of toria. Before he was 12 years old
life, with a brilliant prospect for (both his parents then deceased),
wealth and position before him; he had already acquired a fair
he was in every sense one of na- English education, and had some
ture's noblemen—a man of genius, acquaintance with the classics. Af-
eloquence and courage." ter his father's d. he served 4
I. Captain Thomas Newcomb and years in a printing office. I n 1854,
his 1st wife had: he started The Alamo Star; in
1855, the S. A. Herald, which he
1 James Pearson, q. s.
2 John Gore, "b. May 19, 1839; farmer; sold in 1856. He went to Vermont
served through the Rebellion in the University at Burlington; entered
Confederate Army; m. Oct. 1, 1867,
Martha A. Garetson. b. i;i Arkansas college, but remained only part
ANGLO-AMERICAN'S 35E
of a term, being called home to his office, destroyed his press and
attend to his father's estate. He material, and set fire to the build-
visited in Nova Scotia in 1858. He ing. The alarm of fire was given,
again (1860) began the newspaper the city engineers and people
business, and published the Alamo turned out, but to no purpose; the
Express at San Antonio, which morning light displayed the char-
rapidly rose to be one of the prin- red ruins of the Alamo Express,
cipal papers in the city, where it the last Union paper in Texas.
combated secession with undying This caused great excitement, and
JAMES P. NEWCOMB
rigor in the midst of enemies. On for fear of retaliation the seces-

May 13, 1861, four days after the sion offices were guarded; imme-
surrender of Col. Reeve's command diately after, a plot for the hang-
to Van Dorn's force, Mr. Newcomb ing and banishment of 150 of the
issued an "extra" giving account most prominent Union men was
of the surrender and some stric- discovered. The next day after
tures on the perfidy of the trans- the destruction of his office Mr.
action; at midnight of same day Newcomb became a refugee; left
a mob of "Knights of the Golden the city for the Rio Grande and
Circle" and Rangers broke open passed into Mexico; organized a
party at Monterey to cross the subject of immigration; and later

country to the Pacific, thence to (1881) founded the Evening
California; the journey was suc- Light, which is stiU pubUshed as
cessfuUy performed amidst many the San Antonio Daily Light. In
dangers and hardships, the party later years Mr. Newcomb held
arriving at San Francisco, Feb. various pubUc positions, among
1862. He volunteered to accom- which was that of postmaster, dur-
pany the Union forces then or- ing President Arthur's administra-
ganizing for a campaign across tion (1883). In 1892 he ran for
Arizona to Texas; served as a Lieutenant Governor on the Rep-
scout for the army in its march ublican ticket with Andrew Jack-
from San Pedro, CaUf., to the Rio son Houston, son of General Sam
Grande; discharged at his request Houston. In 1900 he was appoint-
after the army went into perma- ed Census Supervisor for the San
nent quarters; returned to San Antonio District.
Francisco, where he printed, in James P. Newcomb was con-
1862, a "History of Secession Times sidered one of the most active
in Texas, and Journal of Travel politicians and one of the best
from Texas through Mexico to newspaper writers in Texas. He
CaUfornia,', an octavo pamphlet continued his editorial work up
of 33 pp.; was also editor of the to the time of his death. He died
San Jose Times. He was mining in on his farm, October 16, 1907.
Arizona during 1864, making and He was a man of untiring energy
losing a fortune. In the spring of and varied accomplishments, ar-
1867 he retumed to San Antonio, dent and warmhearted, whose will
again engaging in the editorial and pen were always enlisted in
profession, having purchased a the cause of truth and right. He
third mterest in the Express and had hosts of warm friends, both
Free Press. He served with honor personal and poUtical, and many
as a member of the Constitutional political enemies. His engagement
Convention in 1868-69, which gave in politics did not arise from a
the State its reconstructed gov- love of poUtical Ufe, but from a
ernment, being elected by the peo- desire to see good government
ple by a large majority; was nom- firmly planted in his state; his
inated by the Govemor and con- prominence came to him without
firmed by the State Senate as Sec- his seeking; he passed through
retary of State under Govemor many trials and emergencies, and
Davis, serving from 1870 to 1874. was thoroughly acquamted with
In the latter year (1874), he was the history of the men of his time.
editor and proprietor of the State Having a deep love for nature, he
Journal, the central organ of the moved with his family, in 1904,
RepubUcan party in the state; in to his farm. Great Oaks, 10 mi.
1877, was admitted to the bar but from San Antonio, where he con-
never practiced law to any extent. tinued his writing. In July 1906,
He was elected alderman of the he received an injury in a run-
2nd Ward in 1878. The foUowing away accident, which resulted in
year (1879) he began the pubUca- cerebral hemorrhage and caused
aon of the Texas Sun, a San An- his death more than a year later
tomo newspaper devoted to the (1907). He was possessed of such a
ANGLO-AMERICANS 357
wonderful constitution and such By the 1st m.:

marvelous vitality of mind and 1 Christian, b. Dec. 31, 1865, a t San
Francisco; d. July 9, 1866, at San
body that, even after the second Francisco.
serious attack of hemorrhage, he 2 Emily, b. at San Antonio, Aug.
31, 1875, and d. there, Nov. 1876.
drove back and forth to town at- 3 Antoinette Hitchcock, b. San Antonio.
tending to busmess and getting Oct .15, 1877.
4 Florence Agnes, b. San Antonio, Feb.
the cotton to market. At this time 9. 1881; and
also he wrote a sketch of the 5 James Pearson, twins ; q. s.
Republican Govemor of Texas, E. HI. James Pearson (5), b. Feb. 9,
J. Davis, for a book on the Pres- 1881; educated in San Antonio
idents and Governors of Texas. public schools and college prep-
His body rests in the Masonic aratory; on his father's farm for
Cemetery, San Antonio. several years, then in real estate
Mr. Newcomb was connected business in San Antonio. He was
with the following newspapers: appomted Secretary of the S. A.
Water Supply Co., 1920, and Sec-
1850 Western Texas, printers devil. retary of the City Water Board,
1854 The Alamo Star, founder.
1855 The S. A. Herald, founder. 1925, in which capacity he still
1860 The Alamo Express, founder. serves. He m. 1st, Jan. 10, 1905,
1861 The Tri-Weekly Express, founder.
1863 The San Jose California Times, Herma Harms, b. Aug. 5, 1884, in
founder. San Antonio, dau. of Herman and
1867 San Antonio Express, third owner.
1872 Frei Presse fuer Texas, third owner. Emma Simon; he m. 2nd, in Waco,
1872 Daily State Journal, Austin; owner.
1876 The Republican, owner. Jan. 3, 1931, Pearl, wid. of Elmer
1879 The Sun, owner. Pagg, and dau. of Samuel Ben-
1880 The Surprise, owner.
1881 The Evening Light, owner. jamin Harris and Priscella Everly.
1884
1886
The Plumed Knight, owner.
Evening Paper, third owner.
b. in Waco, Sept. 21, 1881. By the
1888 The Campaign News, owner. 1st m.:
1890 The White Republican, owner. 1 Henrietta, b. Sept. 1908; m. 1931,
1895 The National Liquor Dealer. Abraham Rieger, of New York City:
S. P .
James Pearson Newcomb m. 1st, The writer is obliged to Pearson New-
comb for the use of the "Genealogical
Aug. 31, 1864, at San Francisco, Memoir of the Newcomb Family," by John
Cal., Jeanie Davis, dau. of John, Bearse Newcomb, Elgin, 111., 1874; and the
revised edition of the same. New Haven,
of 111.; she d. Aug. 2, 1866, at San Conn., 1923, whioh works are quoted
Francisco; he m. 2nd, Nov. 23, above.
Pearson Newcomb is the author of "The
1872, in Vermont, Antoinette Alamo City,", published in San Antonio,
Hitchcock, b. Feb. 3, 1854, at in 1926. His father printed the Juan N .
Seguin "Personal Memoirs": and possessed
Shoreham, Vt., dau. of Dr. WU- the original manuscript of the "Menchaca
Uam Aaron and Emily E. Hunsdon. Memoirs." The Newcomb newspaper files
are among the most valuable in this city.
NORTON
Nicholas Norton, born in England, son of Thomas Dudley, 2nd governor of
married Elizabeth; they came to America Massachusetts by Dorothy York; he was
in the early 50s of the 17th century. a leading spirit, and one of the three
Their son Joseph m. Mary Bayes; parents founders of Harvard; he was the founder
of Joseph, m. Mrs. Mary Pease, nee of Cambridge, Mass. Milford Phillips
Swain; parents of Samuel, m. Mary Norton m. 1831, after the d. of his 1st,
Norton, his cousin; parents of Stephen, wife, 1829, Mary Stephens Russell of
m. Sarah Fosdick, of the famly so well North Zarbrough, Maine, daughter of
known in New York today; parents of Edward Russell and Lucy Stevens, the
Peter, m. Asenath Blossom, daughter of marriage taking place at Portland, Maine.
James and Bertha Rwith. James was son Having been impressed with the op-
of Joseph and Temperance Fuller, daugh- portunity offered in Texas Milford Phil-
ter of Benjamin and Judith Smith. Ben- lips Norton decided to come, settle and
jamin Fuller was son of Samuel and Ann regain his lost fortune on land owned
Fuller, his cousin, Samuel being the son and offered to him by his wife's father
of Samuel and Jane Lothrope. The bro- General Edward Russell, who had ob-
ther of this Samuel was Captain Mathue tained a grant of land from the Mexican
Fuller, the father of Ann, who m. Sam- Government. "A suit relating to it
uel, her cousin. Samuel and Mathue stayed in the Courts for a number _ of
were sons of Edward and A n n ; Edward, years and was decided against him,
the 21st signer of the compact, Ann, and primarily because the wife of General
their son Samuel came to America on the Russell had not fulfilled the requirements
'Mayflower." Captain Mathue Fuller of residence which the Court held to be
came over on a second voyage, with Dea- essential in retaining the grant."
con Thomas Blossom, paternal ancestor Judge Norton and his family arrived
of Asenath Blossom. at Galveston, July 11, 1839, where they
Bertha Smith who m. James Blossom resided and where he practiced law with
(the parents of Asenath) was the daugh- Judge A. H. Phillips, until December 25,
ter of Hannah Fuller and Mathias Smith. of the following year, 1840, when they
Hannah Fuller was the daughter of Lieut. moved to Black Point, with three other
John and Thankful Gorman, daughter of families. Not finding title to the land
Col. John and Mary Otis, daughter of good, they left there in September, 1841,
John Otis and Desire Howland, daughter proceeding to Montgomery County, 25 mi.
of John and Elizabeth Tilley, daughter of from the county seat, where they lived
John Tilley and Ann. Mrs. Perry J . Lewis until February, 1843, when they moved
of San Antonio, was a descendant of out onto the prairie, 12 m. from the
a sister of Mrs. Desire Howland; county seat. From there they moved to
see James. John Tilley, 16th signer Houston, where they arrived December 24,
of the compact, his wife, and their 1843, for the purpose of taking over a
daughter Elizabeth, as well as John How- paper called the "Citizen," a t the earnest
land, came over on the "Mayflower." request of Anson Jones, then Secretary
The old Howland home, in Plymouth, of State of the Republic of Texas. He
Mass., is now a museum. changed the name of the paper to "The
Peter Norton and Asenath Blossom Democrat." By January 3, 1844, Mr.
were parents of Milford Phillips Norton, Norton had taken charge of the Post
b. in Readf ield, Maine, in 1794; d. in Office,380 his appointment by President
San Antonio, Texas, June 8, 1860. He Sam Houston being dated January 8,
was a Senator of the State of Maine, and 1848; he was sworn in by Judge Taler.
Land Commissioner there. He practiced At Houston, Monday April 21, 1845,
law in Bangor and Readfield. On Sep- Mr. Norton was made chairman of the
tember 3, 1838, he was appointed by meeting for annexation of Texas to the
Governor Edward Kent of Maine, one of United States.
three Commissioners authorized by the On September 5, 1845, he was elected
legislature of Maine to locate the north- Judge of the Sixth District Court with
eastern boundary. He was regarded one headquarters at Houston by the 9th Con-
of the wealthiest men in Maine, but en- gress of the Republic; and on April 14,
dorsed for two friends, who defaulted, 1846, he was elected Judge of the Fourth
and thus became financially crippled. District Court with headquarters a t
Milford Phillips Norton married 1st, Corpus Christi, which district extended
1823, at Waterville, Maine, Sarah Ann to the Rio Grande. The Houston "Tele-
Gilman, b. 1803, daughter of Nathaniel graph" Wednesday, January 10, 1844,
and Lydia Watson, daughter of Dudley spoke very highly of Mr. Norton stating
Watson and Anna Hilton, daughter of that this gentleman had resided in Hous-
Captain Edward Hilton and Elizabeth ton but a few days but t h a t he was per-
Folsom. Edward Hilton was son of Ed- sonally known to many of their citizens,
ward Hilton, who received a grant in and enjoyed a high reputation for probity,
New Hampshire in 1630. Edward was urbanity and intelligence. Since it was
son of Richard and Ann Hilton, his the intention of President Houston to se-
cousin: and Richard was son of Edward lect a non-resident officer, as Post Mas-
and Ann Dudley, daughter of Rev. ter, candor compelled them to admit that
Samuel Dudley and Mary Winthrop, he could hardly have made a selection of
daughter of Governor John Winthrop and a non-resident citizen who was more .de-
Mary Forthe. Rev. Samuel Dudley was serving of general confidence and esteem.
380 Jones, Anson, "Republic of Texas," 296.

ANGLO-AMERICANS 359
Judge Norton was in San An- L. Kinney, and moved back to

tonio in 1849, for on August 20, Corpus Christi to look after the
of that year, as President of the Kinney property, Mr. Kinney hav-
Bar Association, at a meeting he ing gone on his expedition to Nica-
appointed a committee to write a ragua, where he hoped to organize
resolution of regrets and sym- and rule a new Republic of Cen-
pathy on the death of Mr. tral American countries. In May,
Newcomb, one of the leading law- 1855, Charles Gilman Norton and
yers of the town, the resolution to his wife took the Norton house at
be placed in the minutes and a Refugio.
copy sent to the family. In 1856 Mr. Norton was elected
In 1850 he again took up the Judge of the 14th Judicial District
practice of law and moved with of Texas, which included Nueces,
MILFORD P. NORTON
his family to Refugio, then some- Refugio, Goliad and adjacent

what ahead of Corpus Christi in counties and those along the Rio
progress. While building a house Grande. But, having been the
at Refugio, they lived at Copano, leading lawyer of that territory,
where Henry Dearborn Norton was Judge Norton was disqualified from
in business. On January 8, 1852, trying many cases, as he had been
they moved to their own home in attorney for one or another of
Refugio (14 mi. above, on Mission the contesting parties. Judge Tho-
River). mas J. Devine was similarly dis-
In the early part of 1854 Mr. qualified from time to time, in
Norton became attorney for Henry his territory, which included Bex-
ar, Gillespie and other counties. professionally. Judge Paschal was

So occassional transfer of courts followed by T. H. StribUng, who
was made in order to dispose of gave a history of Judge Norton,
these cases. It was during one of from his birth to his death.
these transfers that Judge Norton
became ill at Fredericksburg. He I. Milford PhiUips, m. 1st, at
was driven back to San Antonio, Waterville, Maine, in 1823, Sarah
June 3, 1860, in a buggy by the Ann Gilman, daughter of Nath-
then young Columbus Upson, never aniel and Lydia Watson, b. Dec.
again to arise from his sick bed. 17, 1803 and d. 1829; they had:
Judge Norton died June 8, 1860, of 1 Henry Dearborn, b. at Readfield,
Maine, in 1824; d. at New York City,
typhoid fever. He was buried in 1867; m. Mary Louise Trumbull; by
the family plot, in what is now whom:
i Edward Lowden, m. Louise E.
City Cemetery No. 5. E. Seggerman; parents of Allen
Trumbull; and Edward Trumbull.
It is said that Judge Norton ii Minnie, m. Willard P. Little.
Henry Dearborn opened a general mer-
had so friendly relations with the chandise store in Copano in 1847. Powers
Irish colony at Refugio added to his
Indians that he could make his trade. He opened a store in Refugio in
circuits on horseback, unarmed. 1850, leaving the Copano establishment in
charge of his brother Charles. They came
The Bar Association of San An- to San Antonio in 1855, and bought the
hardware branch of the "Lewis & Groes-
tonio passed resolutions "That in beeck" store. A third brother, Edward,
the death of the Hon. M. P. Nor- joined the firm, which became known as
"Norton & Deutz." They occupied the
ton the State has lost an honest three-story stone edifice at the NE cor.
of Market St. and the Plaza. The Nor-
and upright Judge, and society ton homestead was built in 1858; it was
has been deprived of an amiable sold to the father of Sam Bennett and
Mrs. Yoakum, and thus became the Ben-
kind and benevolent man; "That nett home of more recent years, on the
N side of Nueva St., next to the cor. of
the long services of Judge Norton Dwyer Ave.
in upholding evenly balanced the 2 Charles Gilman, b. at Readfield. Maine,
scales of Justice, during the days 1825; d. at San Antonio, June 18,
of the RepubUc, as well as since 1860; m. Dec. 29, 1853, Fannie Brown,
of Refugio (b. 1835, d. in San Anto-
the admission of Texas into the nio. 1894); q. s.
Union as one of the Sovereign Milford PhiUips, after the death
States, will long be gratefully re- of his 1st wife, which occurred in
membered by the people of Texas, 1829, m. 2nd, at Portland, Maine,
whose confidence he won and in 1831 (which wedding was at-
maintained by his integrity and tended by the poet Henry Wads-
blandness of deportment; "That worth Longfellow), Mary Stevens
as a testimony of respect to tne Russell, daughter of General Ed-
deceased the members of the Bar ward RusseU, (Secretary ->f State
in a body, will attend his funeral." of the State of Maine, who came
The meeting was addressed by to Texas in the early days and
Judge Paschal, who spoke in the was given a grant of land by the
highest and most flattering terms Mexican Govemment), and Lucy
of the lamented deceased, giving Stevens. Milford P. and Mary S.
his history in connection with the had:
Judiciary of Texas during the gov- 1 Edward Russell, b. at Skowlegan,
ernment both of the Republic and Maine, in 1833; d. at Boston, Mass.,
1903; m. Katherine Whiteley.
State, and depicturing his char- i Robert Whiteley, m. Ellen Web-
acter as an honest and upright ster:
a Katherine, m. Leslie Finch:
Judge and as a mar socially arr' Elizabeth Katherine and Kirk-
wood Gaylord.
ANGLO-AMERICANS 361
b Kirkwood Robert, m. Kath- iv Ellen Frances.

erine: K. R., J r . and Kath- v Mary.
erine. 3 Ellen Ann, m. Col. Charles Grenville
c John, STARR: S. P.
ii Edward Russell, Jr., m. Lillian
Winship Hyde.
iii Elizabeth Blackstone, "Bessie."
HI. Milford Henry, m. Martha
2 Frank, d. y. Green Johnson; they had:
3 Frank, d. y. 1 Charles Gilman, d. y.
4 a daughter, d. y. 2 Charlotte Jane, m. Col. Edwin Oliver
5 Russell Cogswell, b. in Houston, Tex., SARRATT:
Apr. 11, 1844; d. in San Antonio, i E. O., J r .
1927; m. Ellen Hayes Whiteley, sister ii Henry Norton,
of Katherine, his sister-in-law: iii Charlotte Jane.
i Milford Phillips. iv Charles Starr.
ii Charles G., m. Grace Gardiner; 3 Mary Frances; active in club life In
lived in Eastland, Tex.: they had: San Antonio; who compiled the Nor-
Phillips Gardiner, Ellen White- ton family history, used throughout
ley, Mark. Charles Edward (d. this account.
y.), and Virginia. 4 Charles Gilman, d. y., and
iii Arthur H. W., m. 1st, Birdie 5 Milford Henry, "Harry," twins; m.
Bradford, by whom: Margaret Queenie Alice Yarbrough:
(m. Lester Lewis Allison, parents i Olive Lavenia.
of L. L., Jr.) ; m. 2nd, Katherine ii Martha Jane.
Satcher, by whom: Elizabeth 6 Thomas Johnson, d. y.
Blackstone, Katherine Blossom,
Mary Stevens, and Sarah Doug- JOHNSON
las.
II. Charles GUman (2), m. Fan- William Johnson of Philadelphia
nie Brown; they had: m. Rosana Taylor, native of Eng-
1 Milford Henry, m. Martha Green John- land; they moved to Ohio. Thomas
Johnson, their son, b. in Stuben-
2 Mary Frances, m. Major
ORD, Jr., son of the general, who
E. O. C. ville, O., 1802, came to San An-
recommended that ostriches be im- tonio in 1848; m. here, at St.
ported to West Texas. Barnes says,
pp. 157-158: "The Ord family was Mary's CathoUc Church, Jane Hen-
one of the fighting people who ac-
quired fame in Texas. The most
nefy, wid. of James McCormick,
famous of these was E. O. C Ord. daughter of William and Mary, of
He was the brigadier in command
when the headquarters were moved Ireland. Thomas and Jane had:
first from the French to the Maverick
Bldg., and thence to their present 1 Mary, m. James Sweeney:
f 19101 location on Government Hill. i Thomas Johnson, d. y.
He is entitled to the credit of impres- ii Catherine, m. Edward W.
sing the importance of marksmanship TYNAN, son of Walter C , who,
by the American soldier upon the war with his bachelor brother, Ed-
department at Washington, up to ward K. Tynan, came from Kil-
which time it had been given a sec- kenney County, Ireland; bro-
ondary consideration. Ord urged and ther of Kate. Mrs. Hugh B. Rice.
obtained the establishment of rifle and of Miss Tynan, teacher in
ranges and rifle competition. From the city public schools (Barnes,
that time the shooting by United 249-250) ; 5 ch.:
States soldiers began to improve and iii Anthony, d. y.
steadily did so until today, they like iv Charlotte, m. Leonard de Is
the Yankee sailors of the navy, are Garza.
the best shots in the world. His bro- 2 Thomas, d. y.
ther. Major Ord, who owned two 3 William, d.: S. A.
splendid thoroughbred Arabian horses, 4 Charlotte Ellen, m. M. M. Mooney:
was killed in 1876 when they ran i Mae, m. Jack Meusebach.
away. Father Johnstiv wh" waa with ii Thomas James, d.: S. A-
him in his carriage was then thrown iii Charlotte Jane, m. Hessie W.
out and badly hurt." General Ord's Murray, by whom: Johnson;
daughter, Augusta Roberta, married, Catherine, d. y . ; and Dorothy, m.
July 2, 1880, at St. Mark's Cathedral, Frank G. Mathison: Dorothy
General G. Trevino of Mexico. Louise and Barbara; (Beverly
i Edward Otho Cresup, Jr., m. Hills, Los Angeles, Cal.).
Louise: S. P. 5 Martha Green, m. 1st. Milford Henry
ii Henry Norton, m. Helen Hunt- Norton, above; m. 2nd, Edward A.
ington Holliday, of New York: Dillon, by whom: Margaret, d. y. and
a John Winthrop Holliday, and Edward Arthur, Jr., d.: S. A.
b Edmund -Burke Holliday,
twins,
iii Major James Garesche, m. Irene Thomas Johnson took part in
Helen Walsh:
a James Garesche, J r .
the Battle of Chapultepec. He
served in the Home Guard under the NW cor. of Travis and Na-
Samuel Maverick, in the Confeder- varro Sts.; it was built in the
ate Army. He was in the general early 50s. The property was sold
merchandise busmess, and at one to the Wright family, and ultima-
time associated with Frank New- tely to the West family. It faced
ton. The Johnson homestead was Travis Park.
THIS IS THE END OF SECTION TWO

OR THE GENEALOGIES OF THE
ANGLO-AMERICANS OF
SAN ANTONIO
*$m>
n A . ^ X ^ A A ^ 4 4 ^ •*& &*&j4*t&& A A A.&;%&
PART III
GERMANS
\ A T E in 1793, or early in the following year, the Ger-
man Doctor Agustin Guillermo de Espargenberg, ap-
peared in San Antonio. His arrival here was report-
ed January 4, 1794; instructions for the investigation
of his character were issued Jan. 18, following; and
Governor Mufioz reported to De Nava regarding Spar-
genberg, in compliance with the order of January 18,
v/hich accompanied the viceroy's dispatch of May 10,
1790, prohibiting the introduction of foreigners at the
capital without previous notification and permission, on February 17,
1794.381
Dr. August William Spagenberg was reported to be a German
physician, aged twenty-eight years, who wished to remain at Bexar.
He was native of Strasburg, Alsace, though he had removed from that
place with his parents, to Annober (Hanover) for the purpose of study-
ing at the College of Guetings. After receiving his education there,
he proceeded to New York, where he remained four years, continuing
his voyage to Luisborc (Lewisberg), capital of Old Virginia, where he
remained for two years. With ten recruits he joined an expedition
against the Indians, acting as doctor, and proceeded to Apeluza (Opel-
ousa) , via the Mississippi (Rio de Misisipi Notches, Arroyo de Plaque-
mines) , without having seen New Orleans or any city in that province.
He married in Opelousa, June 18, 1793, Magdalena Meyer, daughter of
Andres Meyer and Mariana Stelly, Germans, Catholics, and people of
standing. Kis parents were Soirise Christian de Spagenberg and Luisa
Amelong.
Dr. Spagenberg remained in San Antonio from January 1, 1794 to
May 5, following (1794). At first the governor could not report as re-
garded his ability in his profession; but his remarkable cures with
medicines, which seemed unfamiliar in San Antonio at this time, so
Sfil "B. A., Quaderno" No. 4, 1794; Oficio No. 138, p. 7, 2-17-1794; "Quaderno" P. 6v-7v,
1-4-1794; 6-25-1794; and Card Index to "B. A."
surprised the governor that he communicated with headquarters cert-

ifying that twenty-eight inhabitants were grateful to the doctor for
what he had done for them. The governor added that the Assistant
to the Inspector, Juan Gutierrez de la Cueva, had been bled, but that
he did not know whether Spagenberg had given him any medicine or
not, as he had not the curiosity to ask. Bias Gil, who with his wife,
had been cured, informed the governor that the foUowing had been
cured by the German doctor: Joaquin Flores, Josefa Cabrera (Josefa
de AbUa), the wife of the Alferez, Jose Xavier Menchaca, Paula Fermin,
Vicente Flores, Antonio Quinones, Manuel de la Concha, Jose Arreola,
a daughter of Urena, Rita de Luna, a daughter of the soldier Fran-
cisco Gamez, Francisco de los Santos, Raymundo Diaz, Gertrudis Leal,
Xavier Galan, Ana Maria Arocha, Carmen Guerra, Antonio Leal, Lucas
de Aguilar, the coachman of the Senor Inspector, the Cadete Guadia-
na, Simon de Arocha, the inspector, Juan Gutierrez de la Cueba, the
governor, Manuel Munoz, Vicente de la Cuesta, Miguel, Secretary
(Escribiente) to Senor Munoz, and Jose Maria Guadiana, a daughter
of the cavo of squadron, Patricio Rodriguez, and a daughter of Maria-
no Urena.
Dr. Spagenberg was granted a passport to proceed to Chihuahua,
May 7, 1794. Vicente Alvarez Travieso, who had just arrived from
Monterrey, where he had arranged a dispensation for his marriage,
stated that he had seen the German doctor, Spagenberg, at that place,
and that he had told him that he was returning to Louisiana via La
Bahia, to procure medicines. Orders were consequently issued to the
Comandantes at La Bahia and at Nacogdoches, to demand his pass-
port, should he arrive there. On November 20, 1795, Munoz acknowl-
edged receipt from the Comandante General, of confidential order
of October 20, regarding Spagenberg's arrival at SaltUlo, where it
~Tould seem that he was imprisoned, for an order existed in the Sal-
tiUo CivU Archives, No. 462, issued by the alcalde of SaltiUo "for the
imprisonment of the stranger Agustin GuiUermo Spagenberg, and sub-
sequent proceedings, 1795."382
For the next few years San Antonio was without a physician. Feb.
16, 1801, Francisco Amangual received a leave of absence to go to Mon-
terey for medical treatment. Ir. 1803 (July 6), it was reported that
there was no surgeon available in San Antonio. These data are taken
from the Bexar Archives. On October 12, 1803, it was also reported
that there were no lawyers in Texas.
Dr. Spagenberg was the forerunner of a German colony in San
Antonio, which by 1878 included 828 voters of the total of 3,101; and
by 1885 had so increased, that of the 500 students in High School, 150
were receiving instruction in the German language..
A FTER the Thirty Years' War, Germany was left in a devastated and
^ impoverished condition. Napoleon's return from Elba in March,
1815, apparently brought the petty sovereignties to their senses. The
382 "Borrador," 1-14-1793, 12-7-1795. p. 84; "Quaderno," 4, 1794; 1-4-1794; 6-25-1794; Bol-
ton, "Guide."
GERMANS 365
Congress of Vienna brought all trivial quarrels to a speedy end, and

"the boundaries of over thirty little German states were drawn, a
loose union was patched up between them, and the congress adjourn-
ed." The people, who had made great sacrifices in blood and fortune,
were ignored. "Their fondest hopes were bUghted, and deep-rooted
discontent took possession of the masses." The University students be-
gan to show their patriotic indignation. Some even avowed them-
selves in favor of open revolution. Unions were formed. An agitation
began which knew no end. The rulers of Germany, fearing their own
safety, and encouraged by the Austrian Prime Minister, Metternich,
took measures to suppress these unions, arrests were made and pro-
secutions instituted. Along with the poUtical unrest, Germany was
suffering from reUgious strife. The pronounced class distinctions al-
so gave cause for emigration. Then there were Germans, who moved
by love of adventure and speculation, as weU as of freedom in their
personal affairs, were ready to leave their homes for the much lauded
province of Texas. Many peasants and mechanics emigrated, agamst
whom was no other reproach than that of honest poverty, and a de-
sire for improving their condition generaUy. "After the events of
1848, the emigration became of more valuable character, and included
a large proportion of farmers and persons in moderate circumstances,
who sought a hopeful future in the new world... With them came
numbers of cultivated and high-minded men, some distinctly refugees,
others simply compromised in various degrees, by their democratic
tendencies, who found themselves exposed to disgreeable surveillance,
or to obstructions, through poUce management, in whatever honorable
career they wished to enter, while others merely followed, from af-
fection or curiosity, this current of their friends."
In 1818 J. Val Hecke, an ex-officer of the Prussian army, who had
traveled extensively through the westem parts of the United States,
came to Texas, and remained about a year. Upon his return to Ger-
many he pubUshed his Reise durch die Vereinigten Staaten von Nord-
Amerika in den Jahren 1818 und 1819. With a glowing account of the
fine cUmate and the rich and productive soU, he advocated the pur-
chase and colonization of Texas. In his opinion fifty acres, or that
many Morgen, of the fertUe land would not only be sufficient to support
a colonist and his famUy, but would enable him to pay back in 5 or
10 years with good mterest, any loans made to him; the colonist thus
becoming an independent land owner. Hecke also beUeved that Prus-
sia could send over 10,000 ex-soldiers, and give them land. "With these
the colonists could form an effective miUtia. Prussia's navy would be
built up through this colonial possession and Prussia become rich and
powerful through its trans-Atlantic commerce." Palmerston, it is said,
encouraged the German idea of a German dependency or new Teutonic
nation in Texas; and accordmg to Siemering, this encouragement went
so far as to take the form of a contract between the Verein and the
Brititsh Government by which the former agreed to furnish armed
protection to the colony. The motives assigned to Great Britain for
this step were that she foresaw a new market with indefinite capaci-
ties; a new source of cotton; opposition to slavery and opposition to

the extension of the area of the United States. The British-German
relations were further influenced through family ties: Prince Lein-
ingen being the half-brother of the Queen of England, and Prince
Solrns-Braunfels being an intimate friend of Prince Albert, with whom
he had been educated at Bonn. And, the poUticians in Texas were
conquetting with an English protectorate to liven the interests of the
United States, for ultimate annexation.
In the fall of the same year in which Hecke's book was pubUshed.
that is, in 1821; fifty-three adventurers of different nationalities land-
ed on Texas soil. They came to Indianola from New Orleans in Oct-
ober. They included Joseph Dirksen, Eduard Hanstein, Wilhelm MU-
ler, Ernst von Rosenberg and Caspar Porton. They proceeded to La
Bahia where they were taken prisoners by the Mexican troops, who
feared a hostile invasion of Texas, as the adventurers were heavily
armed. Rosenberg was escorted to San Antonio. "He had been lieut-
enant of artillery in Prussia, and when he declared his wilUngness to
join the Mexican army his services were gladly accepted. He received
a commission as colonel of a regiment of artillery." A brother came
to Texas in 1849, and his descendants were among the prominent Ger-
man families of Galveston.
The earUest proposal for settling Germans in Texas was made by
Morphi, the Spanish consul at New Orleans, in 1812. Don Ricardo
Reynal Keene received a grant the following year, and though he pro-
posed Irish and German colonists to build up the agriculture and com-
merce, and to protect the frontier of New Spain, he was obliged to
have two-thirds of his colonists Spaniards.
Joseph Vehlein & Co., were issued a colonization contract in Sal-
tillo, Dec. 21, 1826, through their attorney, Dr. John Lucius Woodbury,
for the purpose of settling German and Swiss Catholics in Texas.
Woodbury in a second petition for a grant stated that his company
wished to settle 100 German, Swiss and English families. His plans
were never executed.
Archibald Austin considered the advisability of including German
and Swiss immigrants to settle in Texas (1830). Tadeo Ortiz de Ayala,
of Guadalajara, while developing his plans for the independence of
Mexico, advocated the establishment of German and Swiss immigrants
at Sabine Bay, Galveston, and at the mouth of the San Bernard River.
Dr. J. C. Beales of New York, who secured two contracts in 1832,
included three German famiUes in his first contingent (1833): Dip-
pelhofer, Wetter and Schwartz; though he was unsuccessful in his
undertaking.
Diplomats and other officials considered various projects for Ger-
man colonization in Texas.
The first German colony in Texas was that established on the
Colorado by Bastrop, in 1823. Up to the founding of Austin's colony,
"this was the farthest northeastern settlement in Texas." Most of
GERMANS 367
Bastrop's settlers came from the county of Elmenhorst, in the Grand-

duchy of Oldenburg.
The publications of Bromme, Gerke, Arends and Duden, called the
attention of the German pubUc to Texas during the decade 1820-30.
The families of Friedrich Ernst and Charles Fordtran were among the
famUies who established the first permanent German settlements in
Texas. Friedrich Ernst, who had been chief gardner to the grandduke
of Oldenburg, was granted a league of land on Mill Creek in Austin's
Colony, April 16, 1831. In New York he met Charles Fordtran, born in
Minden, Westphalia, May 7, 1801, a tanner by trade, and had him survey
the league, giving him one-fourth of it for his compensation. In 1833
three German famUies, including that of J. Juergens, settled near the
Ernst farm. The following year nine more arrived. Most of these set-
tlers were attracted to Texas by Ernst's letter, picturing Texas in very
glowing terms. This letter was republished from the Oldenburg news-
paper, in 1834, by Detlef Dunt in his Reise nach Texas. "The Cradle
of the German settlements in Texas" was the little town of Industry
in Austin County, thus founded by Friedrich Ernst, though it was not
laid out untU 1838.
The 2nd German settlement in Texas was Biegel Post Office,
founded in 1832 by Joseph Biegel, on Cummings Creek.
Among the German families to settle in Texas in 1833 were the
Bartels and Zimmerschreit.
In 1834: Amsler, Wolters, Kleberg, Von Roeder, Frels, Siebel, Grass-
meyer and Biegel. At Dr. Charles Beales* settlement, La Villa de Do-
lores (March, 1834), there were two German famUies: Schwartz and
Wolter; and a single man, Heinrich Taloer. Cat Spring was founded
by the Klebergs in 1834. Mrs. Ottilie Goeth, a daughter of Adolph
Fuchs, was the first school teacher there.
Frelsburg was founded by WiUiam Frels in about 1837. He was a
subject of Oldenburg; came over on the Concord, with Lieutenant von
Roeder and Robert Ikeberg; was the first German settler in Colorado
county; and participated in the storming of Bexar, 1835, and in the
Battle of San Jacinto.
Shelby, in Austin County, was founded by the Von Roeder.
The Germania Society was organized in New York to establish
German colonies in Texas, 1838. Their first emigrants arrived at Gal-
veston on Christmas Day, 1839; but as yellow fever was then pre-
valent on the coast, most of them returned to New York. A few
braved the circumstances, proceeding to Houston: Usener, Schweick-
art, Habermehl, Bottler and Karcher, and a single man, Schnell. Sev-
eral single men proceeded to Cat Springs where they purchased lands
from the Klebergs. During the first year of the existence of Houston,
1839-40, there were more than seventy-five German famUies and single
men there. The first German society in Texas was founded there on
November 29, 1840; it was caUed the Deutscher Verein fuer Texas.
During the early 40s, F. Hoehne, Charles Sealsfield, Hermann
Ehrenberg, G. A. Scherpf, and numerous others, were responsible for
more pubhcations in Germany which attracted stUl further attention.

"On April 20, 1842, fourteen German Princes and noblemen met at
Bierich, on the Rhine, in a conference, the result of which was the
forming of a provisional association for the purchase of lands in
Texas
"This was the beginning of the society for the protection of Ger-
man emigrants to Texas, which was formed at a general meetmg held
at Mainz on March 24, 1844. As only princes and representatives of
the higher nobUity could become members of it, the society became
known as the Adelsverein." There were 21 origmal members, in-
cluding Duke Adolf of Nassau, Prince Guenther of Schwarzburg-Rudol-
stadt. Prince Carl zu Leiningen, and three princes of the Solms-Braun-
fels family.
"The Duke of Nassau accepted the protectorate of the society.
Prince Leiningen was elected president and Count [Carl von] Castell
secretary and general manager. By a ministerial rescript of the
Duchy of Nassau the society was incorporated on March 3, 1844. It
was capitaUzed at 200,000 gulden, consisting of 40 shares at 5,000
gulden ($2,000) each. Shortly after the first meeting at Bierich in
1842, the Adelsverein, as this galaxy of princes and noblemen wUl
henceforth be called, had dispatched. Counts Victor von Leiningen
and Boos-Wlaldeck to Texas with ample funds and fuU power to pur-
chase land from the Texas Govemment. They arrived in Galveston
in the beginning of September, and in Houston on September 13, from
which place both went to Sail FeUpe de Austin and Industry. From
there Count Leiningen went to Austin to confer with President Sam
Houston in reference to land grants and special concessions he expect-
ed to receive for the colonization project of the Adelsverein. It is very
probable that he would have succeeded if he had not made the mis-
take of asking too much. One of his demands was that the colonists
should be exempt from taxation for a number of years. This, of course,
could not be granted, as the Liberal land poUey of Texas had for its
main object the quick increase of the State's revenues, of which the
Administration was sorely in need. If Count Leiningen had been prop-
erly advised or if he had shown some busmess abUity and considera-
tion for existing conditions, there can be but Uttle doubt that he would
have succeeded in obtaining the desired land grant from President
Houston and thus a great deal of expense and trouble would have
been saved the Adelsverein/ says Biesele, in his History of the German
Settlements in Texas, which work is the principal basis for this writ-
ing. "After his negotiations at Austin had terminated without any
results, Leiningen retumed to Germany in 1843, and reported favor-
ably for a wholesale colonization in Texas. A wholesale colonization
without a foot of ground belonging to the Verein!"
Count Boos-Waldeck, following the advice of Mr. Ernst, purchased
a plantation in Fayette County, of 4,428 A. for 54,000 gulden. It was
called Nassau. Boos-Waldeck returned to Germany in 1844 and advis-
GERMANS 369
ed against extensive colonization on the grounds of the excessive ex-

penses connected therewith.
Alexandre Bourgeois d'Orvanne, a Frenchman who had received
a grant north of the Castro settlements, June 3, 1842, with an 18
months colonization contract, for 400 families, sold his interests to
the Verein. This contract was extended by Congress to April 7, 1844,
but was finally forfeited by the Verein for noncompUance with its
conditions. TiUng states that the Orvanne land titles were insecure.
The Gesellschaft zum Schutze deutscher Auswanderer nach Texas
(Company for the protection of German emigrants to Texas) was or-
ganized at a general assembly, March 25, 1844. Then the society
began active operations. It obtained, under title of the Mainzer Adels-
verein or simply the Adelsverein, z. charter from the Duke of Nassau,
who assumed the protectorate. Prince Leiningen was the president;
Count Castel, director; and the Duke of Coburg-Gotha, Prince Fred-
erich of Prussia, and some 30 other princes and noblemen were asso-
ciated members. The society was chartered May 11, 1845. Forty shares
were issued at 5,000 gulden each.
A plan inviting emigrants was published, offering each adult sub-
scribing $120., free passage and 40 A. of land; a famUy, subscribing
$240., free passage and 80 A. of land. The association undertook to
provide log-cabins, stock and tools at fair prices, and to construct
public buUdings and roads for the settlements.
The Adelsverein now appointed D'Orvanne as colonial director, and
Prince von Solms-Braunfels as general agent. The former was un-
successful in having his contract extended. Braunfels wanted to see
the land in question, and so had proceeded to Texas. He was first in
Philadelphia, then in New Orleans, at the St. Charles. The N. O.
Republican of June 22, 1844, said he was on his way to Texas, "for the
purpose of inspecting certam lands which had been sold or granted to
an emigration agent or speculator, who had been negotiating in Eu-
rope for the transport thither of German emigrants." Prince Charles,
step-son of the King of Hanover, with four individuals in his suite,
landed in Galveston and then proceeded to the mterior of Texas by
way of Houston, having fumished his retinue with horses and suit-
able camping equipage. He was a most amiable person, but was not
over endowed with the practical; moreover, he was far from accus-
tomed to the new world Ufe of Texas. The Verein soon found itself in
debt to the extent of $120,000 and more. February 24, 1845, Ottfried
Hans, Freiherr von Meusebach, was appointed to take the prince's
place.
Meusebach met Prince Charles in Galveston, and using the $10,000,
he had on hand, satisfied the prince's creditors. So Braunfels proceed-
ed on his way to New Orleans. Meusebach assumed duties May 15,
1845. He soon asked for additional funds: $20,000.
Two speculators, Fischer, a German, and MUler had got the bet-
ter of the Verein and of the Prince. The land which they sold the
Verein for $9,000. was remotely situated between the Llano and San
Saba Rivers, and so infested with wUd Indians that it was useless for
colonization purposes. Prince Solms-Braunfels had therefore gone on
to San Antonio, where he contracted with Rafael de la Garza and his
wife, Maria Antonia Veramendi, for the purchase of the Comal tract,
a part of the Juan Martin Veramendi estate. On March 15, 1845, $500.
was paid in cash, with the understanding that the balance due, the
price being $1,111. would be paid within 30 days. Prince Charles also
contracted with Marcos A. Veramendi, guardian for the minors, Jose
and Teresa Veramendi (children of Juan Martin, deceased, interstate)
for additional lands. Now Meusebach, acting as Trustee for the Ger-
man Emigration Association, entered into a contract with Henry F.
Fisher and Burchard MUler.383
Three ships laden with emigrants left Germany in November and
December, 1844. They arrived at Galveston, where the emigrants were
transferred to schooners and sent to Lavaca Bay. They camped at
Chocolate Bayou; then at Spring Creek, beyond Victoria. They crossed
the Guadalupe on Good Friday, March 21, 1845, and under the leader-
ship of J. J. von Coll, were conducted to the Comal lands. At the
union of the Comal and the Guadalupe, they halted, distressed with
the wUdemess into which they had come, and harassed by savage In-
dians. Following the good advice of Lindheimer, the naturalist of the
party, Braunfels made the encampment a permanent one, and laid
out the settlement of New Braunfels. The large live oak tree under
which the first settlers camped and where they held their first re-
ligious services, is marked by a tablet of the Texas Historical and Land-
mark Association.
Comalstadt, across the Comal River from New Braunfels, was
founded by Rafael de la Garza the following year, 1846.
"Mindful of the fact that the Society was planning to send addi-
tional emigrants to Texas in the winter of 1845-46, Meusebach left New
Braunfels in the latter part of August, 1845, to find a suitable place
for establishing another settlement on the way to the Fischer and
Miller grant, thus partially carrying out the plan suggested by Prince
Solms for establishing various settlements on the way from Carlshafen
to the Llano River. Meusebach found a tract of land north of the
Pedernales River, about 80 mi. from New Braunfels, which he thought
most suitable for the next settlement and on his retum to New Braun-
fels, about the end of October, he immediately bought 10,000 A. of
headrights on credit. The land was good, arable land, well watered
and with sufficient wood." In November, 1845, Meusebach received
news from the Adelsverein that 4,304 emigrants were on their way to
Texas; and that $24,000 had been deposited to his account in a New
Orleans bank. The colonists arrived in about December, 1845. "Meuse-
bach organized a surveying party of 36 men, well equipped with wagons,
tools, provisions, and guns, under the command of Lieutenant Bene
and the surveyors Groos and Murchison. With instructions to lay out
383 See "Sp. Ar.," C-2, pp. 43, 97 and 312.
GERMANS 371
a wagon road from New Braunfels to the new settlement, the expedi-
tion left New Braunfels about the middle of December."
"After the surveying expedition returned to New Braunfels about
the middle of February, and reported on its work, preparations were
made to send the first settlers to the Pedemales. On April 23, 1846,
as well as can be ascertained, the first emigrant train of 20 wagons
and two-wheeled Mexican carts left New Braunfels for the new set-
tlement of Fredericksburg," named in honor of Prince Frederick of
Prussia. There were about 120 men, women and chUdren in this train,
accompanied by 8 men of the Society's miUtary company. On Friday,
May 8, 1846, after an arduous overland trip lasting 16 days, the set-
tlers arrived at their destination. One of the delicacies served at the
first meal in the settlement on the Pedemales, was bear meat. The
bear was shot by John Schmidt, soldier. "Three days later, after all
the tents had been pitched and a few huts buUt for protection agamst
wind and weather, the Society's soldiers, the 20 teamsters, and several
young, able- bodied men, retumed to New Braunfels, leaving the re-
mainder behind in the wilderness." Among the earliest settlers were
Heinrich and John Behrens; L. and H. Wahrmund, father and uncle
of Otto Wahrmund; and Anton and John Klein. The settlers are list-
ed by Biesele, pp. 230-231. Penninger, in his Fest-Ausgabe, Usts the 28
survivors of the first settlers. The Vereins-Kirche or Kaffeemuehle
(Coffee MiU), the first church of the German Protestant Society in-
corporated in Comal County, was dedicated March 22, 1846.
Sisterdale was founded in 1847 when "Nicholaus Zink built a log
cabin in the beautiful valley of the Sister Creek near where it flows
into the Guadalupe River." It was known as the Latin Settlement
because the first settlers were all familiar with the Latin language.
Among them were: Edward Degener, Dr. Hertzberg, Mr. Baer, Julius
Dresel, A. Siemering. and Fritz Degener.
Die Vierziger, "The Forty," was a group of emigrants who had ar-
ranged that each family was to receive 640 A. of land; and each single
man, 320. The last moment seven of the forty changed their minds,
so only thirty-three came to Texas. They came by way of Indian
Point. This society was organized by Gustav Schleicher and Dr. Fer-
dinand Herff. They came to an agreement with the . Count Castel,
January 11. 1847. Their tendencies it would seem, were socialistic. Dr.
Herff and Hermann Spiess were the first of the group to come to
Texas, to prepare the ground for the others, who arrived in March,
1847, at Galveston. They subsequently attempted several communist
settlements along the Llsno. There were five of them, including
Schoenburg, Leiningen, I\leerholz and Bettina. These settlements did
net last over eighteen months. Castel, according to Dr. Herff, founded
by Hermann Spiess, successor of Meusebach, is the only one existing
to date. The Darmstaedter Farm was established about 8 mi. from
New Braunfels.
This society was composed of men of almost every stand of life.
They were from the best families of Darmstadt, and were all students.
Among them were: Dr. Ferdinand Herff, physician (Palatiae Starcken-

burgiaeque, Bonn, Giessen); Gustav Schleicher, engineer; Lerch, Ame-
lung and ZoeUer (PhUUp), architects; Hermann Spiess, Fr. Shenk,
Jacob Kuechler, Fritz Louis, foresters; Christian von Hesse, Theodore
Schleuning, students; Leopold Schulz, stationer or book dealer; Adolf
Hahn, Ueutenant in the army; WiUiam Friedrich, Julius Wagner, au-
ditors; Adam Vogt, Wundt, E. Mueller, Kattmann, farmers; Kappel,
druggist; Backofen, instrument maker; Strauss, machinist; Kappelhof,
merchant; Chr. Flach, manufacturer; Zentner, Adam Teichert, broth-
ers Neff and Michal, handworkers; John Hoerner, Peter Bub, Rein-
hardt, Obert, country people.
These colonists before leaving Germany collected $12,000 (?) with
which they purchased the necessary supplies and provisions for the
journey, and their new settlements.
A Fraulein JuUe Herf of Baden, no connection of the Doctor's,
was gladly added to the party t h e last moment; she served them as
housekeeper.
Great masses of colonists arrived from Germany, and were thrown
loose on the coast of Texas. Their hardships and sufferings were be-
yond human endurance. Their numbers had completely outgrown the
protection of the Verein. Annexation had taken place, and the war
with Mexico had begun; the armies had stripped the country of pro-
visions, and of all means of transportation.
Millheim was founded by Engelking and Nolte in about 1845.
The Boeme vicinity had already begun to be settled in 1847; Dr.
Herff was there t h at early. Two years later, 1849, additional famiUes
settled there. The town was laid out in 1851 by Mr. Deussen, the first
German hardware merchant in San Antonio, and John James.
Berlin, near Brenham, in Washington County, was founded in
1848. On April 1, of this year, Charles Eckhardt and others obtained
an half-interest in lands in the Lower Brazos, Colorado and Guada-
lupe region about Yorktown.
I n 1849 Meyersville, in De Witt County, south of Cuero, was found-
ed by Adolf Meyer. Coletville was founded by Carl Steiner, but did not
survive.
Bandera and O'Quinn (7 mi. SW of La Grange) were founded in
1850.
Comfort was actuaUy surveyed a n d settled as a township in July,
1854. The founder was Ernest Hermann Altgelt. "After discharging
his mUitary obUgation, at the age of 20, he immigrated to the United
States, landing first a t New Orleans, where he secured a position with
the cotton firm of John Vies. The latter owned a league and labor of
land in Texas, which he had never seen, and, inquiries having been
received by him from parties adjoining this land, he sent young Alt-
gelt to view the same and authorized him to dispose of it, in any
manner he might deem expedient." Vies instructed Altgelt, moreover,
t h a t should he find the land "suitable for agricultural purposes, he was
to have it surveyed and a part set aside for a town. For his ser-
GERMANS 373
vices Altgelt was to receive a part of the land and of the proceeds
of the sale of the land." Altgelt arranged his surveying party
in New Braunfels in 1854, and with the wish t h a t "after the
hardships of founding the settlement had been overcome, the
settlers might live there in comfort," he named the place "Comfort."
Mr. Grothaus was the surveyor. He was assisted by Fritz Goldbeck,
Louis von Breitenbauch, F. Brunko, Carl Herbst, and others. Altgelt
added 1,000 A. of land which he acquired from F. H. Schladoes, the
one league and labor situated in Bexar District, known as survey No.
27, section 2, on the north side of the Guadalupe River. "The power
of attorney was signed by John C. Vies, with Hermann E. Ludwig and
Charles I. Bushness, as witnesses, and was executed on the 24th day
of April, 1854." On August 25, 1854, the New Braunfels Zeitung pub-
lished that three lots had been surveyed and t h a t thirty of them had
been sold to actual settlers, and t h a t during three weeks previous,
eight houses has been built. "Altgelt put up the first store in Com-
fort and arranged with Vies for buUding a saw and grist miU." Owing
to t h e fact t h a t Comfort was so distant from other advanced settle-
ments, Altgelt foresaw the necessity of a flour and saw mill at the
location. Both of these enterprises were unsuccessful, however. The
miUs were actually erected on Cypress Creek, but owing to either floods
or droughts, the projects had to be abandoned.
Settlers in the vicinity who afterwards automatically became cit-
izens of Comfort were:
1852: Henry Schladoes and family; Fritz Schladoes; Carl Wieden-
feld and family; Theodore Wiedenfeld and family.
1853: C. WUUam Boerner; Michael Lindner and famUy; Fritz Saur;
Gottlieb Saur; and Nicolaus Zink.
1854: Emest Altgelt and family head a Ust of forty-five, given in
the Diamond Jubilee publication, p. 19.
Welcome was founded by J. P. Schmidt and others in 1852.
Blum Hill, in Fayette County, was founded by Robert Blum, in
1855.
Round Top, on Cummins Creek, was also founded in 1855.
GERMAN NEWSPAPERS
In New Braunfels the first newspaper was the Neu Braunfelzer
Zeitung founded by Ferdinand lindheimer in 1852.
In Galveston the Union was founded by Mr. Flake in 1855; it con-
tinued untU t h e 60's.
In San Antonio the Texas Stats Zeitung was founded by a group
cf the early Germans in 1852. Its first editor was Dr. Adolf Douai.
In 1854 Dr. Douai purchased aU interests in this paper. He later sold
to Friedrich Henry Oswald; and his brother Theodore was the editor.
In 1858 Gustav Schleicher took over the Texas Stats Zeitung and con-
ducted it as a Democratic paper. R. Dresel was the editor. In 1860
H. Fink purchased it, and Theodore Hertzberg became the editor, and
made it a Unionist paper. Schleicher however, retained a financial
interest in the Texas Stats Zeitung, and was obUged to take it back
eventually. A Mr. PoUmer issued several numbers of the Texas Stats
Zeitung during the Civil War; he made it a Democratic organ. It be-
came extinct shortly after.
In 1865 the Freie Presse fuer Texas was founded by A. Siemering,
with Mr. PoUmer as foreman. In 1868 Siemering retumed to Germany
for a visit, when Dr. T. Hertzberg took charge. From 1869 to 1872, incl.,
Siemering was the proprietor. In 1874 H. Schulz became a partner
with Mr. Siemering. In 1876 Robert Hanschke became a third partner,
and soon after acquired Siemering's interests. Siemering then went to
St. Louis where he was editor of the Anzeiger des Westens. In 1877 he
returned to San Antonio and again became the editor of the Texas
Freie Presse. Mr. Siemering died in 1883. In the 70's the Texas Freie
Presse became a daily paper and continued so until 1913, when it
again became a weekly. From 1914 to 1917 it was again a daUy. In
1920 Mr. Hanschke sold his interests to Robert Penniger, who is the
present manager of the Freie Presse. This paper was incorporated as
the Texas Free Press Publishing Company in 1925.
Other attempts at a German publication in San Antonio were:
1879: Der Beobachter,-Ludolf F. Lafranz; extinct in 1890.
1889: Texas Stats Zeitung,—Edgar Schramm, who after several
years sold his interests to his son-in-law, Albert Hohrath, who in 1907,
took charge of the Hermann Sons monthly.
1889: Volkszeitung,—Jacob Holten; existed only a few months.
1895: Deutsch-Texanische Monatshefte; extinct in 1909.
1897: Katolische Rundschau,—Joseph Eckerskom and John Schoot;
after a short time Eckerskom became sole proprietor.
1906: The Texas Banner,—Dr. Adthur Rochs; it became extinct
in 1909.
(Kindness of Mr. Penniger).
Owing to the importance of the German Colony in San Antonio,
the German Government appointed Carl Luetcke, Consul (Oct. 23, 1923).
GERMANS 375
BECKMANN
home a t t h e corner ox Crockett

St., next to the Alamo property.
IKELY the first Ger- In 1860 they built a larger place
m a n family to set- across from t h e Casino, on Market
tle permanently in St. An army officer Uked the pro-
S a n Antonio was perty and purchased it "at a very
t h a t of John Conradgood price." The Beckmanns then
Beckmann, bom a t Ruelle, near built another home on an adjoin-
Osnabrueck, June 13, 1815, son of ing lot. They subsequently moved
to the southwest corner of Com-
Johan Heinrich Beckmann and
merce and Casino Sts. The first
his wife Katarina Maria Kohmoel- home, next to the Alamo, is said
ler. John Conrad Beckmann came to have been "the first to have
to New York in February 1839, r e - glass windows and doors." The
maining there a n d in Baltimore Duke of Hesse Cassel when he
and Cincinnati, for several years. was quite young and something
He retumed to Europe. He was of a scapegrace, it is said, spent
taught the trade of artistic iron some time in America. He also
work, making church doors, gates, visited in San Antonio and was
and other wrought iron articles. during a p a r t of his stay here, a
While serving an apprenticeship guest of t h e Beckmann famUy.
with the firm of Echer, Weis and
Mr. Beckmann was a charter
Co., in Zurich, Switzerland, to member of the Alamo Masonic
leam new methods, he met Regina Lodge. He was a founder of the
Mueller, his future wife. Her fam- German-English School and parti-
ily were Protestants; his were cipated in the laying of the corner
Catholics an uncle being Bishop stone on the anniversary of the
of Osnabrueck. For whatever birth of the poet SchUler in 1859.
might have been the reason, his He was a founder and charter
father sent him money for a trip member of the Casino Club, the
to Russia; but instead of going Tumverein and Krankenkassever-
there, he returned to America, ein, and of t h e Arbeiter Verein. He
bringing his young wife with him. was also a charter member of the
His brothers, Joe and Bernhart Beethoven Maennerchor. He was
Beckmann were already living in treasurer of the Teutonia Mixed
New York. Chorus in 1877.
John Conrad Beckmann and his Metal bedsteads which are in
wife came to New York in 1841. vogue now days were very scarce
They proceeded to New Orleans in those days. Old Dr. Ferdinand
where they remained for one year. Herff induced Mr. Beckmann to
They came to Texas, landing at fashion with his own hands iron
Ifridianola. They settled in San bedsteads, which he did. Some of
Antonio during t h e month of May, these beds which he made are still
1846, though some accounts say, in use in San Antonio. Mr. Beck-
1841. During the cholera epidemic mann also wrought the first
of 1849, they built their first chandelier used in the Casino and
it did duty there for a great many went home, called his son, told
years. him he had seen the portrait of
The best portrait ever made of Beckmann and any one who could
Mr. Beckmann is one which was paint such a picture ought to be
painted by Edward Grenet, who in Paris instead of in San Anto-
became a foremost painter in nio and sent him there soon after.
Prance. It was on exhibit in San It did not take young Grenet long
Antonio in September 1881. It is to 'make good.'"—See Express, Apr.
now in possession of Albert Beck- 13, 1907.
mann. "Young Grenet had been John C. Beckmann died AprU
very anxious to go to Paris to 12, 1907. The funeral was held
study art. His father had objected from the home of his daughter-in-
to letting him go until he could law, Mrs. Albert Beckmann, 529
be convinced that Edward had suf- Madison St., at 9:30 A. M., the
ficient natural talent. The young foUowmg day (AprU 13, 1907), Dr.
artist had made many sketches Arthur Rochs officiating. Inter-
of scenery about San Antonio and ment was made in the Alamo Ma-
drawn the faces of numerous per- sonic cemetery. When the Beck-
sons without satisfying his father. manns celebrated their golden
One day he called on Mr. Beck- wedding anniversary in November
mann and said to him: 1891, the press published Mr. Beck-
"I want to paint your portrait." mann's biography (Nov. 8, 1891).
"Why do you wish to do so?" The portraits of Mr. and Mrs.
Beckmann asked the boy. Beckmann, done in water colors
"Because I want to go to Paris. shortly before their marriage, by
You are a splendid subject. If I Wisard, in Zurich, Switzerland, re-
succeed in making a good portrait produced in this volume, are now
of you my father wiU let me go to in possession of Mrs. Hurst (nee
Paris." Beckmann).
"Beckmann consented. Grenet Like so many Germans, Mrs.
painted the portrait. His father Beckmann loved plants and flow-
knew nothing about it untU after ers. She had what was a rare plant
it was finished. One day soon af- for San Antonio in 1885 or 1886,
ter Beckmann invited the elder called by the Mexicans Noche Bue-
Grenet to visit him. On entering na, or the "Christmas Flower."
he saw the portrait hanging on Mrs. Beckmann was made an hon-
the wall and after pronouncing it orary member of the Mendelssohn
a splendid likeness and a fine Verein in 1886.
piece of art work, said: 'Who John Conrad and his wife Re-
painted that?' gina had:
"Beckmann replied: *A young 1 Heinrich Conrad, b. New York; d.
April 1886; with the Texas & Wells
and obscure, but talented French Fargo Co.; biog. in the "Express,"
artist painted it. He is destined Feb. 18. 1887.
2 Maria Leonora de los Dolores, b. New
some day, however, to make fame Orleans; d. y.
3 Adolph, b. San Antonio; d. y.
and fortune. Beckmann then told 4 Edward, d. y.
him Edward Grenet was the art- 5 John Antonio, b. San Antonio, 1347; d.
here, 1912; whose pen and ink sketch
ist who had painted the portrait. of the Alamo is well known, tempor-
ary vice-president at the organization
Honore Grenet, the artist's father, of the Labor Union in January 1882,
GERMANS 377
and then its president, the same year

(1882) ; with William Cameron & Co.,
ober 1886, Marie Dorothea Guent-
lumber. May 1883; principal of the her, and they had:
Turners' Association, 1886. 1 Adolph Guenther, q. a.
6 Carl Friedrich, d. y. 2 Regina Auguste, m. Laurence Hurst,
7 Albert Felix, q. s. of Pittsburg, P a . :
i Amanda,
H. Albert Felix (7), celebrated his ii Helena.
3 Albert Erhard, m. Toonie Brown:
29th birthday, September 16, 1884; i Albert, Jr.
prominent architect; made draw- 4 Werner Noonan, lawyer, m. Aug. 23,
1930, Geraldine Smith.
ing of the Athletic Club Grounds 5 Conrad Detmar. "Curt," architect; m.
Mary Louise Price:
(Dec. 24, 1879); supervisor of con- i Carolyn.
struction of the Custom House HI. Adolph Guenther, with the
and warehouse at Piedras Negras Guenther Mills; m. April 28, 1915,
(1889-1890); architect for the S. MUby GUes:
A. Brewery (May 7, 1897); in 1 Mary Marcella, b. Apr. 6, 1916.
2 Alfred Giles, b. Dec. 31, 1917.
United States geological service 3 Annie Laura, b. 1920.
(Sept. 9, 1881); alderman (broke 4 Charlotte Milby, b. 1923.
5 Dorothy Guenther, b. 1925.
his leg whUe enjoying a spin at The Beckmann farm is on the
the Jockey Club track, Sept. 23, Helotes. A famUy of Mexicans were
1895); treasurer of the S. A. Gymn- left in charge, as the Beckmanns
astic Ass'n. (1877), organized in seldom lived in the country. In
1865, which held regular meetings 1853 the place was raided by In-
the 2nd and 4th Friday of each dians and aU of the Mexicans kill-
month at Turner Hall (Wolfram's ed. Some were scalped; one of the
Garden), A. Siermering, Pres., and youngest children was pinned to
Louis Grothaus, Vice-Pres.; active the floor with a knife.
member of the 5. A. Opera Club Joe Beckmann, brother of Johan
(1881); secretary of the Natural Conrad, came to Texas, after his
History Museum, San Pedro brother, bringmg his wife with
Springs (1885), opened by Prof. him; they had: Joe, Jr., August
Germy, AprU 7, 1885; Pres. of the (m., with children, in Austin),
Texas Saengerbund, with portrait Charles (m.), Henry (m., with chil-
in the Express, May 1, 1896. dren, in Austin), Josephine, and
Albert Felix Beckmann m., Oct- Nina.
GUENTHER
Carl HUmar Guenther was born leans and proceeded to Fredericks-
at Weissenfels on the Saale, in burg, by way of San Antonio,
1826. His parents selected a girl where he buUt the old miU, on
for him to marry. Refusing to Live Oak River. Mr. Guenther re-
comply with their desires, he left tumed to San Antonio in 1859,
home. He came to New York in and buUt a mill here, just off
1848. He then went out to Wis-
consin where he was a farmer and Guenther St., October 2, 1859,
miller; but found the climate too which was called the "lower"
cold. He retumed to Germany, mill, "the one at which the first
where he remamed with his pa- wheat ground in San Antonio was
rents for only a few months. milled." Several years later (May
In 1851 he landed in New Or- 1868) he buUt the second or "up-
per" mUl on the west side of supply by the Waterworks artesian

Washington St., just north of the wells that have sapped and nearly
bridge, at Arsenal St. I t "had an run the river dry, steam was in-
undershot wooden wheel and for troduced to augment the power
many years was used for grinding sufficiently." In May, 1878, the
corn." The wheel was finaUy re- first mUl was replaced by a three-
moved and the establishment then story structure, one of the largest
used for making macaroni by a manufacturing establishments in
company headed'by Edward Dreiss. San Antonio at the time. Its daily
The site is now a vacant lot. capacity was 15,000 lbs. Under the
The Guenthers Mills were a competent management of Erhard
favorite resort for picnics in the R. Guenther, Pres., Adolph Wagner,
early days. On Sunday afternoon. Vice-Pres., Hermann Schuchard,
August 27, 1876, the people of Swiss Treas., and Arthur Storms, Sales
extraction held a picnic there for Manager, a new elevator has been
the benefit of flood sufferers in constructed and the daily output
Switzerland. "After dark the increased to 3,000 bbls. of flour
grounds were illuminated with products. Wheat was imported
fires and later in the evening there from Kansas in 1879. The 200-
were fireworks. A chorus of mix- horsepower engine at the Guen-
ed voices rendered several num- ther Mill, was the largest here in
bers, under the direction of Rev. 1900.
Stadler. About $150. was collected Carl Hilmar Guenther was one
for the fund." of eight children of Friedrich Gott-
Three years later (1879) modern fried Guenther and his wife
improvements began to creep in Johanna Rosina Koerner, a cousin
on the old picnic grounds. In of Theodor Koerner, the poet, who
March of t h a t year the Street Rail- was killed at the Battle of Leip-
way Co., began to lay tracks from sig. Carl Hilmar Guenther m. 1855,
the Alamo Plaza (where it was Henrietta Dorothea Pape, dau. of
complained t h a t no vehicle could Friedrich Pape and Katherine
cross, as the tracks were above Voges, of Fredericksburg. A sister
and not level with the street), of Mrs. Guenther's Matilda Pape,
down Alamo St., across the bridge m. Oscar Basse in Fredericksburg,
at Guenther's Mill, and back to and they had ch. living in San
Alamo by way of Arsenal St. Antonio. Carl Hilmar and Hen-
In the early 70's the Ice Factory rietta Dorothea had:
was built next to the lower mill. 1 Friedrich Gottfried, m. Helena Victoria
The machinery and fixtures v/ere Peltzer:
eventually sold to Mr. Lacoste who i Helena Dorothea, m. Arthur Muir
(son of Joseph), parents of Ar-
started his ice factory on the old thur Hughes, b. 1931.
ii Amanda Use, m. William Church,
Ogden corner, at Crockett and Lo- parents of Barbara, William, J r .
soya Sts. I n March 1879 ice sold and Wheatley.
2 Arthur William, m. Elise Groos:
for two cents a pound. Lacoste i Hilmar Gustav, b. December 29,
manufactured it in 400-lb. blocks, 1885, according to the "Register
of Births," County Clerk's Office,
at the Water Works. I, 80; m. Dora Clarkson, by
whom, Dorothy Elise.
"As the water power diminished ii Ernst Otto, m. "Jimmie" Irison,
with the inroads on the source of Wharton, Texas, by whom: Mar-
garet and Arthur William,
GERMANS 379
3 H i l m a r Louis, m . M a r i e B a c h m a n n , of ii M a r i e Louisa, b . Nov. 1, 1 9 1 2 ;

Cleveland, O h i o : m . Sept., 1, 1934, Theodore J a m e s ;
i Dorothea Marie, m . J o h n M. t h e m a r r i a g e took place a t t h e
Moore, by w h o m : J o h n M. a n d old G u e n t h e r homestead o n Guen-
H i l m a r Guenther. t h e r St., wit h ceremony p e r f o r m -
ii E l i s a b e t h K u n i g u n d e , m . N o r v e l ed in t h e garden, by t h e p a s t o r
C h i t t i m , by w h o m : Mary A n n of S t . M a r k ' s Episcopal Church,
a n d Dorothea G u e n t h e r . Rev. McKinstry . They hav e a
4 A m a n d a Auguste , m . Oct. 1881, A d o l p h d a u g h t e r , Helen Guenther, b . J u n e
W a g n e r : S. P . 14th, 1935.
5 M a r i e Dorothea, m . A . F . B e c k m a n n
(above). Emil Carl Friedrich Guenther,
6 Matilda Hulda, m . H e r m a n n Schuchard.
7 Erharc-*! Rosini, m . L o t t i e H a r n i s c h Graf von Schwarzenberg, was in
(Josephine Charlotte, according t o t h e
" R e g . of B i r t h s , " I. 90, dau. of Charle s
San Antonio in 1887. The two fam-
H a r n i s c h and Louise Brentano, b. ilies should not be confused, how-
A u g . 18, 1 8 7 6 ) :
i a dau., d. y. ever.
GROOS
Phillip Friedrich Carl Groos, a a n d P a u l h a d a son E d m u n d , now liv-
ing in S a n Antonio. Alwine's sister
Lutheran pastor at Arfeld, m. Hulda. m . Otto Stuve of C o l o g n e ;
Charlotte Wilhelmine! K n e ii&, they lived in Sati Antoni o u n t i l t h e i r
home burned, and t h e n w e n t to N e w
daughter of Conrad Kneip, pastor Braunfels; their dau. Maria, m.
Egmont Schram, and their dau.
at Arfeld. Their son: Valeska, m . Dr. E d w a r d A u e r . F r a n z
I. Karl Wilh. Apollo, was bom at Moureau h a d a brother Julius, who
was in t h e German Consular Service
Arfeld, Jan. 29, 1794; lived at in Mexico
Chabot),
(colleague of George S.
Strass-Ebersbach bei Dillenburg i W. T. Elise, b. March 11, 1871.
(1823-1847); m. at Erndtebrueck, ii Helena , b. Oct. 26, 1872 ( " R e g .
of B „ " I, 79) ; m . J u l i u s Buss,
May 28, 1824, Sophie Wilhelmine p a r e n t s of Emilie, d. y., H e l e n a
Luise Martin, b. at Erndtebrueck, Elise, Albert
Hulda.
Carl, a n d Else
Dec. 18, 1805, daughter of Nicolaus, iii F r a n z Carl, b . A p r i l 11, 1 8 7 7 ;
Pres. of t h e Groos National
and d. at Ebersbach, AprU 21, 1844. Bank; attended the German-
Karl Wilh., a widower, left for E n g l i s h School, 1891 ; Alamo City
Business College, 1892; S. A.
Texas August 29, 1848, taking his Academy, 1894; P r i n c e t o n U n i v . ,
1898; n o w living in t h e home -
children with him. He Uved in San stead, a t the N W cor. of K i n g
W i l l i a m and Sheridan Sts.
Antonio in the early 60's; and d. iv C a rl Friedrich, b. J u l y 25. 1 8 7 9 ;
at New Braunfels, June 12, 1882. m . Nov. 15, 1922. Betti e Stevens
J a m e s , by w h o m : C a r l F . , J r . , b .
His children were: Sept. 16, 1923; B e t t i e ; a n d A n n
1 F r i e d r i c h Wilh. C a r l , b. 1827; q. s. Petty.
2 J u l i e , m . J o h a n n C a r l von R o s e n b e r g : v Adolph, t w i n s ; d. A p r . 20, 1 9 3 5 ;
P. (Lagrange, Texas). m . M a m i e B e r g s t r o m : S. P .
3 K a r l , b . Nov. 30. 1830; d. F e b . 24, vi H e t t a , b . J a n . 14, 1 8 8 1 ; m. J u l i u s
1892; Director of t h e W e s t e r n T e x a s Jockusch, of a n early German
Life, F i r e & M a r i n e I n s . Co. (1870) ; family in G a l v e s t o n ; of ; t h e i r
m e m . of t h e Republican Executive children, Carl, is n o w n the
C o m m i t t e e (1873) ; m . Hulda M o u r e a u, Groos N a t i o n a l B a n k in San A n -
whose sister ii-mmy, m. Edward tonio.
D r e i s s : a n d whose sister T e h k l a , m . vii H u l d a . d. y.
William Dohmen (parents of Dr. viii E r n s t , m . Hallie Bolinger (De-
F r a n z J . Dohmen) . d a u g h t e r s of F r a n z W i t t Clinton a n d E a r l e Harri-
Moureau of Dillenbur g (son of J o s e p h s o n ) , by w h o m : Hallie Bolinger,
a n d Caroline E b h a r d t ) a n d A l w i n e Elise H a r r i s o n , a n d E r n e s t M a r -
vom S t e i n (dau. of C a r l a n d Elise t i n , b . 1924.
F e r n o w ) of B a r m e n , N e w Braunfels ix R i c h a r d Arthur, b. 1891; m.
settlers, lived in S a n Antoni o in 1849. F l o r e n c e Tyden, of E v a n s t o n , III.,
A p o r t r a i t of F . Moureau, a m e m . of by w h o m : Richard Tyden. T h e y
t h e " G e r m a n i a G e s a n g v e r e i n , " of N e w live in Hastings, Mich.
B r a u n f e l s , is in t h e p a i n t i r jr of t l u t 4 Gustav, b . J u n e 10. 1832; d. A u g . 2 1 ,
society, done by Iwonski in 1857 (see 1895 ; m. Dec. 28. 1865, a t Bluff. T e x a s .
Biesele. p . 222). A n n a Willrich. b. M a r c h 25. 1843. a t
A l w i n e vom Stei n h a d a brother Uelgen, n e a r Hanover, d a u . of George
E d m u n d , who r e t u r n e d to Germany; K a r l W i l l r i c h (b. J a n . 15. 1798, a t t ' y
E d m u n d had a son P a u l , the d r u g g i s t ; a n d solicitor, came t o T e x a s in 1847
and settled at Bluff, Fayette County, m. Hulda Gruene, of New Braun-

where he d. 1876) and Elise Kuckuck fels.
b. Apr. 27, 1808, in Lueneburg, near ii Emil, m. Hulda Schmidt, of Eagle
Hanover, dau. of an army officer; d. Pass; lived in New York.
at Bluff, Oct. 16, 1907. The Gustav ii Linda, m. Emil vom Stein, grand-
Groos residence is on Washington St. nephew of Alwine Moureau.
Gustav and Anna had:
i Elise Friederike, b. Oct. 27, 1866,
in San Antonio; m. Arthur Wm. The writer is obliged to the Groos
Guenther, b. Feb. 12, 1858; d. family for these data. The German an-
Jan. 4, 1931: cestry and many of the dates were taken
a Hilmar Guenther, b. Dec. 29, from Fr. Otto Groos', "Als der Groos-
1885, m. Dora Clarkson. vater die Groosmutter nahm," History of
b Arthur, b. Sep. 4, 1887; d. a Nassau-Orange Family, Groos, Marburg.
Jan. 17, 1888. 1895.
r
c Ernst Otto, b. 1889; m. Ima-
gine Treson: Marglise and n . Friedrich (1), b. in Strass
Arthur Wm.
ii Anna Franciska, b. Apr. 29, 1869,
in Eagle Pass; m. Gustav
Ebersbach, Germany, Sept. 18, 1827,
Giesecke, b. March 28, 1865, where he spent several years of
Washington, d. Jan. 20, 1936,
San Antonio: his boyhood; he received a good
a Martin Karl. b. Jan. 20. 18Sl>, education, graduating as an archi-
San Antonio; m. Margaret
Coleman (Dr. James Henry tectural and civU engineer, Sept.
and Pearl Stout): Margaret
("Peggy") Coleman, and Cyn-
4, 1848. He came to the United
thia Deane. States with his father, three broth-
b Walter Guenther. b. Sep. 2,
1894, San Antonio ; m. Romayne ers and four sisters, landing in
Ray (George and Hennie Hag-
g a r d ) : S. P .
Galveston, November 21. He pro-
c Emmie Carlotta, b. Oct. 30, ceeded to Houston, but as the yel-
1896, San Antonio; m. Russell
C. Hill, whose mother was low fever was raging there, he
May Chilton: Roger, Marion,
and Craig Chilton,
went to the interior, to Fayette
iii Gustav, b. Feb. 10, 1871, Eagle County, settling on a farm. In
P a s s ; d. March 24, 1872. 1850 he came to San Antonio, in-
iv Otto, b. March 14. 1873, Eagle
P a s s ; d. June 20, 1903, Mexico, tending to accept a position as
v Wilhelmine, b. July 30, 1875, San
Antonio; m. Werner Wilkens. b. engineer for the government, but
Jan. 15, 1872. Galveston; d. Dec. found the position already filled.
4, 1926, Ft. Worth:
a Werner, J r . He secured employment, however,
iv Gustav Julius, b. Feb. 2, 1878,
San Antonio; an administrator in the mercantile firm of Guilbeau
of the Chandler estate; S. A. & Callaghan. The foUowing year
vii Charlotte, b. J a n . 10. 1881, San
Antonio; m. William Henry Wat- he was transferred to Eagle Pass,
lington, bro. of Thomas, who m.
Bertha Griesenbeck: and there associated with Bryan
a Helen, CaUaghan, father of the Mayor of
viii Friedrich Carl, b. July 30, 1883,
San Antonio; m. Florence Clark- San Antonio, soon becoming a
son:
a Clarkson. partner in the business. Mr. Groos
b Friedrich Carl, conducted a number of overland
c Gustav Julius.
5 Emilie, b. Jan. 30, 1834; m. 1854, freighting expeditions into Mex-
Adolph Giesecke, b. Nov. 18, 1829, at
Clausthal am Harz: 10 ch. of whom:
ico. Several of these trips lasted
i Gustav, b. March 28, 1865, m. seven months and were replete
Feb. 9, 1889, Anna F . Groos,
above; he d. J a n . 20, 1936: P. with adventure. When Mr. Cal-
See above.
ii Adolph.
laghan died, Mr. Groos received
6 Adolph, b. Oct. 19, 1835; lived on $2,000. following the settlement of
Prospect Hill; m. Johanna Brei: Carl,
Johanna, Marie, Hedwig, and Anna.
affairs, which he used in the es-
7 Hedwig, b. Oct. 31, 1839; m. 1865, at tablishment of a business of his
Roundtop, her cousin, Gustav Groos: own in Eagle Pass. As early as
P. (Germany).
8 Wilhelmine, b. Sep. 29. 1843; m. in 1854 Friedrich Groos formed a
San Antonio, March 25, 1868, Job.
Fried. Aug. Julius Giesecke, b. Oct. 22, partnership with his brothers, Carl
1838, brother of Adolph: and Gustav, F. Groos & Co., which
i Ernst, Prof, at A. & M. College;
GERMANS 381
began a general merchandise busi- 1. He m. 1st, Gertrude Rodriguez

ness in Eagle Pass. With the out- (d. 1873), of Eagle Pass, by whom:
break of the CivU War, Friedrich i Carlotta, d. 1936, S. A.
ii Linda, m. Fred Wulff (Torreon,
Groos went to Monterrey, where Mexico).
he formed a Ufe-long friendship iii Federico:- S. A.
iv Tulitas, m. J . Nepomuk Ronse,
with Evaristo Madero, the grand- whose father was Governor of
Dalmatia, of Belgian origin.
father of Francisco I. Madero, Mrs. Ronse, wid., is now living
President of Mexico. During 1862- in San Antonio. She has copies
of the "Nachrichten ueber die
1865, he made several trips abroad, Familie Groos," by Ernst Gisber+
Groos, Darmstadt, Vol. I l l of
but on account of climatic condi- which, 1935, contains an account
tions in Monterrey, retumed to of the Texas branch of the fam-
ily.
San Antonio, in 1866, where he liv- v Carlos, S. P.
iv Emilie, m. Carl Haarman: Udo
ed continuously thereafter, until and Ilse.
his death. The firm, F. Groos & vii Carolina, m. Conrad A. Goeth,
his 1st, wife, graduate in law at
Co., graduaUy developed a simple the University of Texas, 1890;
first in partnership with his
banking busmess. In 1874 they classmate, William Wurzbach;
removed to San Antonio, "where now Chairman of the City Water
Board. He was 2nd son of Carl
the mercantUe busmess was soon Alexander Goeth, b. March 7,
1835, in the free town of Wetzler,
entirely displaced by the banking Prussia; his grandfather, Ernest
activities." In 1897 a new buUding Franke was a professor in the
royal college of his town, which
was erected, the finest of its time, he attended; he came with his
parents to Galveston, landing
and the first buUt exclusively for July 4, 1852; proceeded to Austin
the uses of a bank. "Carl and Gus- Colony, and brought a farm
where New Ulm now stands; m.
tav Groos having died in the 90*s, 1859. Ottilia. dau. of Adolph
Fuchs. who emigrated in 1846;
Frederick Groos continued to oper- settled first at Cat Springs, and
ate the bank until 1912 as a private afterwards in the southern part
of Burnet County. Carl A. Goeth
bank. In this year he was persuad- served in the quartermaster de-
partment under Major James
ed to nationalize the institution, McKinney, and as scout to pro-
but he also died about the time tect the frontier against the In-
dians, during the Civil War, a t
the National Charter was received, the close of which he moved to
Cypress Mill, Blanco County
and the Groos National Bank came (Daniell, "Personnel," 473-475):
into existence with Franz Groos Fred and Arthur.
as president, and Charles Deussen Friedrich Groos, m. 2nd, Anna
(who had been with the firm since Siemering (d. Sept. 1911):
viii Clara, b. Nov. 23. 1875 ("Reg.
1883), as cashier. Frederick Groos of B.," I, 79) ; m. Frank Rennert
was twice a member of the city (Julius and Wilhelmine Zuehl),
parents of Frank Werner, b. Nov.
councU. For sometime he was pres- 9. 1900.
ix Herman, d. y.
ident of the Casino Association, x Marie, d.: S. A.
and for 20 years was president of xi Ferdinand, d.: S. A.
xii Gretchen, d. y.
the German-English School, also xiii Wilhehn.
xiv Rudolph, m. Mary Pauline Ford-
serving on the S. A. School Board tran.
(see Express, Jan. 28, 1912). He xv Anna.
died after an illness of 24 hours, BERGSTROM
at noon, January 27, 1912, at his Karl Bergstrom, b. in Stockholm,
home, 318 East Commerce St. The Sweden, Feb. 14, 1823; d. in San
funeral was held at 4: o'clock, the Antonio, Jan. 1, 1865; m. OtiUa von
following day, at the residence, Cederstrom, also b. in Stockholm,
with burial at City Cemetery No. Jan. 2, 1830; d. in San Antonio,
Dec. 23, 1898, They came to I n - sons were well prepared in Hebrew,
dianola; then bought a farm in Greek and Latin, as well as in sev-
Pleasant Valley, near Boerne. They eral modem languages..
settled in San Antonio in the early I. Julius was the first of t h e fam-
60's. They had: ily to come to America; he came
1 Louis, d. J u n e 23, 1915, aged 60 y e a r s with t h e Sohns-Braunfels immi-
according to St. M a r k ' s C h u r c h rec-
ords ; a n d buried in t h e A l a m o M a - grants. He was born in 1822,
sonic Cemetery ; m . J o s e p h i n e H o r n e r
(George and Josephine Groos, of
and died in Fredericksburg, in 1895.
Alsace-Lorraine) ; she d. Oct. 30, 1933, He m. Lischen Ochs:
aped 75 years. 1 C a r l , m , a Miss Baeutegam of F r e d -
i Charles, m. S a r a h B o y e r : Charles. e r i c k s b u r g : P . living in S a n Angelo.
ii Nell, m . D r . S. Von W i e : Dr. 2 A u g u s t , d.: S. A .
Stonewall, J r . , D r . Roger, Felis,
and Marjorie. 3 E r n e s t i n e : S. A .
iii H a r r y , d. y. I. Johann Peter August, a pastor,
iv Mamie, m . 1923, Adolph Groos:
S. P . b. July 24, 1823, d. in New Braun-
v Emma, m. A r t h u r Kliefoth: Jose- fels, Feb. 29, 1876; m. Ernestine
phine, A r t h u r , a n d J a n e .
vi Louis, d. y. Stahl (Heinrich and Emilie Wit-
vii A r t h u r , m. M a r y W h i t t i e r : L a u r -
ence. tekind). He came to Texas in 1857
viii W a l t e r, m . Lillie Beall F r o s t from Bremen, via New Orleans
(Tom a n d Lillie B e a l l ) .
2 J o h n : J o h n , both d. and Indianola, and settled in New
3 O t t o : S. P .
4 A u g u s t a , m . T h o m a s G r a y : 3 ch. Braunfels. His wid. came to San
5 O s c a r : S, P . Antonio in about 1885 and lived
6 C l a r a : S. P .
with her nephew, Hermann
WAGNER Schuchard. He had been minister
Paul Wagner, of Oldenburg, Ger- to the Kurfuerst von Hessen. On
many, came to San Antonio in one occasion he preached on the
1851. In about 1853 he m. EmiUa sacredness of marriage, which of-
Rummel, of Weisenfels, Saxony, fended the Kurfuerst, as he had
whose father had come to San but recently experienced some
Antonio, in 1848; she came out scandal; in consequence of which,
with her mother a t a subsequent a reprimand, whereupon August
date. Paul and Emilia had: Schuchard left Germany and
1 Emilia, m. Charles H u m m e l . came to Texas.
2 Adolph, m . A m a n d a G u e n t h e r : S. P .
3 Matilde, m . A u g . N e t t e : I. Carl, b. Sept. 18, 1827; d. in
i V e r r a . a n d o t h e r ch.
4 Lena, m. Rich. L a c r o i x . Mexico, May 4, 1883; went to Cal-
5 Ida, m. Chas. M i l l e r :
i Charles. J r . , a n d o t h e r c h . ifomia for gold in '49. He was a
6 Helena, m . Ed. L y o n s . mining engineer. He was survey-
7 Paul.
ing engineer for the government
SCHUCHARD in New Mexico in the following
year. He then retumed to New
For many generations the Braunfels where he married, An-
Schuchard family were represent- na Atahl, his sister-in-law. He
ed on the bench. Johann Conrad owned a sheep ranch on Live Oak
Schuchard was Kurfuerstlich Hes- River. Carl and Anna had:
sischer Justiz Beamte; he was born 1 Emilie , d. y.
at Jestaedt, in 1760, and died at 2 H e r m a n n , m. Matilde G u e n t h e r :
Hersfeld in 1853. He married Wil- i Ernst, m. Elizabeth C h u r c h,
sister of W i l l i a m , who m . A m a n -
helmina Hartart. They had: Julius, da Guenther:
a A n n Elizabeth, b. A u g u s t , 1930,
August, Carl and Caroline. This ii Marie Charlotte, m. Richard
was a highly educated family. The H e n r y Lee Bibb, son of R i c h a r d
H . L., of t h e Virginia f a m i l y :
GERMANS 383
a Richard Fischer, named for

his grandmother, a Miss Fis-
St., and Frederick Kalteyer, Al-
cher, of Germany. bert Dreiss was another San An-
I. CaroUne, m. Hermann von Bie- tonio pioneer druggist; his estab-
berstein. lishment, located on Alamo St.,
was caUed the Alamo Drug Store
DREISS (January 1878). This busmess was
later conducted by Hermann
Albert Dreiss was bom in Cawl, Dreiss, son of Adolph. A new type
Wuertemberg, February 28, 1816. of sidewalk was buUt in front of
He finished his studies in French Dreiss's drugstore in 1878; it con-
Switzerland. From 1838 to 1841 he sisted of "gravel, tar, brimstone
was with Hartmann Bros., the and unslacked lime."
first cloth manufacturers in south- Albert and Josephine had:
e m Germany. He then establish- 1 Adolph, m. 1st, Elise Fritze:
i Hermann, m. Lula Campbell, pa-
ed himself in a cloth and fash- rents of Adolph, the doctor, and
a daughter.
ionable goods shop ("Tuch und ii Ida, m. John Koch, parents of
Modewaaren Geschaeft") in Stutt- Elizabeth, Ida, and Lillian, who
m. Fred Scroggins, by whom, Rus-
gart. He married, in Germany, sell.
Josephine Brenner. They arrived iii Louis, baptised March 10, 1870,
at St. John's Lutheran Church;
in New Orleans with their son m. Helena Elmendorf, parents of
Ardice, who m. Martin Schott.
Adolph, aged 7 years, in 1849, pro- iv Albert, m. Miss DuMenil.
ceeded to Indianola, and on to Adolph, m. Meta Haye (August and
his 1st wife.):
New Braunfels, where they visit- v Raymond, m. (Los Angeles, Cal.)
ed the household of Fraulein Herf, 2 James Edward, b. Sept. 16. 1853: d.
June 7. 1931; m. in New Braunfels,
of the Vierziger. In 1852 Mr. Dreiss Emmy Moureau:
i Thekla, d. 1909: S. A.
purchased a farm comprising 60 ii Elsa. m. John C. Kastner, by
A., worth $500, belonging to the whom: Juanita.
xii Paul, m. Sept. 9. 1914, Beatrice
orphanage. He made a cash pay- Giles, by whom: Laura Giles, b.
ment of $25. which he had eam- 1915; Milby Josephine, b. 1916;
Paul Moureau, b. 1918; Amy. b.
ed by hard labor. He soon bmlt 1921; Alfred Giles, b. 1925; and
Katharine, b. 1927.
a log cabin; and bought a yoke iv Ernst, m. 1st, Bessie Wilson, by
of oxen and a cow. In the fol- whom: Emily (m. Elmer Nichols,
of Clearwater, Fla.: 3 ch.) ; Eliza.
lowing year, 1853, he drew up beth (m. Joseph Lienartz: Joe
some plans for the Adelsverein Grady) ; and Lorraine. Ernst, m.
2nd, Ava Klein felder. by whom
thereby earning $100. In 1854 he John and Francis.
v Franz, m. Lucile H'innam. by
sent his son Adolph to school in whom: Evelyn, Norman and Lau-
town, and for his board bill, sent ra Belle.
vi Edward, m. 1st, Winefred Dukes,
regularly a pot of butter. Mr. Al- by whom: Edward and William
bert Dreiss was county clerk r Franklin. Edward, m. 2nd. Helen
Munroe (Frank and Lydia. 1st
New Braunfels untU 1862, In 1864 cousins).
vii Josephine, "Vettie," m. Grady
he removed to San Antonio. He Peeler, by whom: Thomas Ed-
was in the conscriptions office of ward.
the Confederacy. The Edward
Dreiss home, corner of Guenther HUMMEL
and S. Alamo Sts., on the river, I. Charles Hummel was b. 1819
was built in 1886. With August at Diersheim bei Kehl, Baden. He
Nette and son, pioneer aponthec- studied to be a gunsmith in Karl-
aries and druggists on •Commerce sruhe. He worked for a whUe at
Nancy, Prance. In 1837 he came mel BuUding on Commerce St.,

to America, where he spent his site of Stower's furniture store.
first years in PhUadelphia, St. Then a charter was obtained and
Louis and New Orleans. In 1845 later Jacob Waelder sold the club
he retumed to Germany but in the site of the Casino Hall, on
the foUowing year, came back to Market St. The hall was built by
America with his famUy, and set- John D. Kampmann in the late
tled in San Antonio in 1846 or fifties. The Casino Club was at
1847. In 1860 he was County Com- one time the only theater in San
missioner. With the outbreak of Antonio. The charter recited that
the CivU War he went to Mexico, the club was organized for social
from whence he retumed to San purposes and for the encourage-
Antonio where he became a partment of Uterary pursuits. The
ner of JuUus Behrens in the first president was Jacob Waelder.
stationers busmess, which busi- After him the following were suc-
ness had opened on Commerce St. cessively elected to the office of
in 1857. Accordmg to Letter of president: Gustav Theisen, found-
May 13, 1863, Sp. Ar-, S-2, 595, er of the German-English School;
Charles Hummel and wife Caro- Gustav Schleicher, who was Con-
line, adopted his nephew: gressman from this district in the
n . Charles Friedrich Augustus seventies; Julius Berens; John
son of Augustus Hummel, b. in Fries; W. C. A. Thielepape, who
San Antonio, July 13, 1854. He was for some years mayor of San
was chosen Schuetzen King in Antonio, and under whose ad-
May 1890. He was prominent in ministration the first permanent
the poUtical Ufe of the city. He improvements in the way of street
m. Emilia, the oldest ch. of Paul building were -made; Charles
Wagner and EmiUa Rummel; they Griesenbeck, who was president of
had: the Casino for over twelve years;
Dr. B. E. Hadra, a physician here;
„ 1 Helena, m. Robert Foy, officer, TJ. S.
A.: S. P. R. Hanscke, the editor of the Prel
2 Nora, m. Arthur Chilton, of Boston: Presse; Edward Steves; Gustav
S P.
S Charles, d.; m. Lucile Butler: Groos; Paul Meerscheidt; George
i Theda.
ii Charles. Koerner; Conrad Goeth; and Er-
4 Henrietta, m. Donald F r a s e r ; and m.
2nd, Mr. Newton.
hard Guenther (1904), at the time
5 Ferdinand. of the press article quoted (Nov.
One T. C. Hummel had the old- 11, 1904, Beckmann Scrap Book).
est paint and art store in the city,
established in 1875. SARTOR
In the early 50's the Germans
used to gather at the Hummel's I. Alex Sartor, b. October 1803; m.
home; and there, in 1854, the 1825, Sabine Christiana Diefer
idea was conceived of founding a bach, b. 1806; both of Langen
club; there were some twenty pre- Schwalbach, Germany. They were
sent on this occasion. among the New Braunfels settlers
The Casino Club, which owed of 1845, but remained there only
its organization to Gustav Theisen, a short time, coming to San An
first met in 1857, in the old Hum- tonio in 1846 or 1847. Mr. Sartor
GERMANS 385
was a jeweler. He d. intestate. The New World by press accounts in

partition of his estate (Vol. XTTT, Germany. An elder brother, Gus-
574) was to his son Alex, Jr.; to tav, had already settled in New
his sisters: Mary (m. Louis Schei- Braunfels. They landed at New
hagen). Bertha (m. George Heb- Orleans, then proceeded to San
ger), Emma (m. August Staacke: Antonio by way of Indianola. They
Rudolf, August, Hermann, and moved on to CastrovUle. Later
Louise, who m. Mr. Hannig), and Adolph Heusinger came to San
Johanna (m. EmU Fues, of Aus- Antonio where he engaged in
tin) ; and to his brother Carl, S. buUding and contractmg. He was
A. Alex Sartor and his wife in Austin from 1855 to the close
Sabine, had eight chUdren. They of the Civil War, when he return-
brought six of them with them, ed to San Antonio. The Heusinger
leaving the two oldest, in Ger- home was on the west side of
many. King WilUam St., between the
n . Alex Sartor, Jr., also a jeweler, Hummel and Groos homes. In
came to San Antomo with his April, 1873, the firm of Scheihagen
sister Emma, In 1848, to join their & Heusinger purchased the Sart-
parents. Alex, Jr., m. 1st, in Eng- or hardware store, which dated
land, Charlotte Leighton; m. 2nd, from about 1868. In May, 1876 the
In Germany, Emilia Diefenbach; firm dissolved partnership, the
and m. 3rd, CaroUne Pflage, wid. new firm Scheihagen & Wulff be-
of Dr. Frederick Peterson, parents ing formed, whUe Mr. Heusinger
of Eleanor, who m. J. F. Gleason, opened a hardware business of
and Tosca, who m. Edward Wulff his own on MiUtary Plaza, in
(Mexico City). By the 1st m.: January, 1877. Adolph Heusinger
1 Charlotte, m. Ed. Burnett: F m. Anna Haenel von Krohenthal:
By the 2nd m.:
2 Adele. m. Rudolf Staacke: 1 Emma. m. Rudolph Seebe, her brother-
i George: S. A. in-law.
ii Estelle, m. Orloff Bowen: 3 eh. 2 Ottilie.
3 Henry, m. Victoria Zanoni: 3 Hedwig. m. Rudolph Seebe.
i Corinne. i Tekla, pianist, m. Eugene Staffel.
By the 3rd m . : ii Annie, m. 1st, Harry Fowler; they
4 William: S. A. had a son; m. 2nd, Lieutenant
Gill; they had a daughter,
5 Helen, m. N. D. Oswald: P. (Cal- iii Elsie, m. Lester Gilmore; they had
ifornia). Edna and a son.
iv Adolf, m.
HEUSINGER v Hetta, m. Mr. Dietert; they had
a son.
August Conrad Heusinger von 4 Annie, m. May 1889, Leopold Guerguin,
son of Charles Guerguin, a well known
Waldegg was a scholar, and pastor French citizen. County Commissioner,
of the Lutheran Church of Naes- delegate to the Democratic State Con-
vention in Dallas. August 1880; and
taetten, Hesse-Nassau, Prussia. one time occupied the Governors* Pa-
lace on Military Plaza.
His son Adolf Carl Gottlieb Theo- i Carlos,
dore was bom in Naestaetten ii Edna.
5 Julia, pianist, m. Shelby McCall: S.
October 8, 1831. He was educated P. (Arizona).
at the Real Schule at Mainz a/R, 6 Adolf, b. San Antonio, May 20. 1871;
and in the Real Gymnasium, at d. 1912; m. 1898, Augusta Basse, of
Fredericksburg;
Wiesbaden. In 1850 he came to i Wilhelm.
America with his brother, Dr. 7 Edward W., b. June 9. 1874; m. 1895.
Teodolinda Bruni, whose mother was
Julius Heusinger von Waldegg. an Arocha, and descendant of the
Urrutia:
They were both attracted to the i Edward F. G., m. Rose M. Valine.
ii Lucile, m, Felix Doran, Jr., (De- proceeded to Louisville, Ky. He came

troit) . to San Antonio in about 1851. He m.
iii Frederick W. Augusta Tewes, daughter of Louis
8 Matilde. Tewes by his 1st wife, Christiana Hap-
pe. Of their 9 ch.:
HAENAL VON KROHENTHAL i Ottilie, m. William Heuermann
Eduard Haenal was a piano manufac- (Wm. and Lena Boerner).
turer in Halberstadt, Germany, as was ii Helen, m. Otto Hegemann, photo-
his brother in Nauenburg. Edward m. grapher: Otto Haenal.
Juliana Laengerich; of their 6 ch.: 2 Anna, m. Adolf Heusinger.
1 Gustav, landed at Indianola in 1848. 3 Alvina, m. A. Looff.
HERFF
ichtsrat to the Grand Duke, m.

C C O R D I N G to Eleonora Freiin von Meusebach.
family tradition Their son Ferdinand Ludwig
the name Herff Johann Amold, the oldest of then-
is derived from seven children, b. Nov. 29, 1820,
the property or in Darmstadt; m. Matilde Klingel-
place called hoefer of Giessen, May 1, 1849, at
Herve, the first Darmstadt; and d. May 18, 1912,
of the name being a member of at San Antonio, Texas.
the ancient famUy De Crevecceur. Ferdinand von Herff was educ-
Their ancestor, a Protestant, of ated "at the medical universities
Brabant, fled from the unrelent- Df Bonn and Berlin as weU as
ing cruelty of the Duke of Alba, Giessen. After graduating with
who was sent by King PhiUp at honors [he received his degree in
the head of an army into the medicine in 1843] he went back to
Netherlands with unlimited pow- his home at Darmstadt where he
er for the extirpation of heretics. was appointed assistant surgeon
Jehan Heef (also Herff), b. 1546, in the Prussian [Hessian] army,"
d. 1615, m. Gertrude de Comitz; says Barnes, p. 256. He soon be-
he was first Burgemeister of came displeased with poUtical
Frankenthal. Their son Jean was conditions in the German states.
a Brauherr. His son Johann Fried- He secured leave from the army,
rich, Ratsherr zu Kreuznach, m. and with a colony of Liberty Lov-
Susanna von Wingen. Their son ing people of his own ideas, came
Abraham Heinrich, ZoUbereiter to Texas. Dr. Herff's important
and Umgelder zu Kreuznach, m. activities in connection with the
Maria Margarit Wienold. Their Darmstaedter Geselschaft and the
son Johann Daniel, Burgemeister Vierziger have already been men-
in St. Goar, m. Polixenia Christ- tioned. According to Biesele, he
ina Goedecke. Their son Johann had no intention "to promote any
Vollrath Friedrich, a Kriegsrat, m. system, idea or principle of social-
Amoldine Christine Reichmuthe ism, but simply to make the larg-
Diesterweg; he was knighted, Aug- est number of workers self-sup-
ust 1, 1814, and first used the porting in the least possible time
family coat-of-arms, two fleurs- and with the least possible ex-
de-lys and a rose. Their son pense." Dr. Herff returned to Ger-
Christian Samuel, who was Ger- many, after a year in America,
GERMANS 387
married, and brought his wife to Dr. Herff was painted by the
Texas. They located first at New talented artist, Mrs. B. G. Duval,
Braunfels; then removed to San and was exhibited at her studios
Antonio, in 1850. a t t h e French Bldg. Mrs. Duval
Dr. Herff was a gentleman in studied art in Duesseldorf, Ger-
every sense of t h e word. He had many, says t h e Free Press of May
an unusually briUiant mind. His 10, 1888.
personal friendship with such men Dr. Ferdinand von Herff and
as the Prince of Wied and Alex- his wife, Mathilde KUngelhoeffer
ander von Humboldt, reflect fav- ("the daughter of Wilhelm KUng-
orably upon his personality and elhoeffer, another of the judges
mental capacities. "Both as phy- Df the supreme court and asso-
sician and surgeon he gained a ciate justice of the same tribunal
wide reputation, and in t h e city with Dr. Herff's father"), a n ac-
of his adoption he was regarded complished lady, a musician and
as authority upon all matters per- a painter, raised their famUy in
taining to his profession, and no their home on the south side of
one ever stood higher in his pro- Houston St., just east of Navarro
fession in his own community St. She d. July 9, 1910, aged 87
ihan did Dr. Ferdinand Herff, for years (St. Mark's, A-vn, 332-333).
everybody had fuUest confidence Their children were:
in him. As a citizen Dr. Herff en- 1 J o h n , q. s.
2 F e r d i n a n d , q. s.
joyed universal esteem and was 3 Charles, m . Elizabeth D u r k e e :
i E d w a r d Otis. b . 1899; m . 1929,
widely popular. Mildred T h o m a s .
4 Adolf, surgeon and p h y s i c i a n ; m . 1st,
"His heart was ever open to M i n n a K a l t e y e r : a n d m. 2nd. Olga
the poor and deserving and his I s c h « r : by t h e 1st m . (St. M a r k ' s , 187f,
A-7ii.39> :
services were ever at their com- i Adolf P a u l , m . Daisy L o t t i e Mc-
mand, without thought of further Farland.
ii F e r d i n a n d P e t e r , doctor, m . F e b .
reward than their gratitude and IR. 1909 (St. M a r k ' s . A.-iv, 420-
421), Lucy F r o s t .
the satisfaction of having been iii Amy, m . William Wolf.
of service to them, much as his 5 A u g u s t , a r c h i t e c t : m . Minnie D u e r l e r .
d a u g h t e r of G u s t a v A. D u e r l e r (by
professional attention was in de- his wife L i n a ) , son of "one of t h e
mand from those who were able e a r l y custodians of S a n P e d r o P a r k . "
a p r o m i n e n t citizen, chief of t h e old
to reward it handsomely he nevei volunteer fire d e p a r t m e n t , of Swiss
origin :
turned away from the poor and i C h a r l o t t e M a t i l d a , m. ( S t. M a r k ' s ,
needy or asked from such as these Oct. 5. 1910. A-vi. 16-17). M a x -
im ill ian A m a d e u s K r u e g e r . who
more than their thanks. Remem- incorporated t h e S. A. M a c h i n e
bering his upright life and his & Suoply Co.. a n d became its f i r s t
•president. A p r i l 8. 1899,
large hearted charity and benevol- ii Victoria Louisa, m. J u n e 12, 1919
(St. M a r k ' s . A-vi, 106-107). F a l k -
ence, it is not to be wondered n e r Hoard, officer in t h e U.S.A.
that he held so large a place in iii F e r d i n a n d August, baptised A n r i l
7. 1899 (St. M a r k ' s . A-iii. 130-
the public esteem and affection," 131) : m . 1st. Carolyn K a m p m a n n
published the Express of May 19, H e r f f ; m. 2nd. J u l i a M. Con-
ner: by t h e 1st m . : Florence
1912. Dr. Herff died May 18, 1912, J u a n i t a a n d Carolyn, t w i n s ; by
the 2nd ra.: A u g u s t .
aged 91 years (St. Mark's, A-vii, 6 William. baptised in t h e Lutheran
336-337). He was Pres. of the C h u r c h , b u t confirmed a t S t . M a r k ' s
Episcopal Church, March 30. 1 8 9 0 :
Medical Ass'n of West Texas P r e s . of t h e S. A. Loa n & T r u s t C o . :
m. Lula Addison, of W a s h i n g t o n . D.
(1877-78). An excellent portrait of C-:
x Eleanor, b. May 16, 1892; m. 1st,

August 26, 1917. John Burges
DITTMAR
Johnson, officer, U. S. A . ; and
m. 2nd, Dr. Venable. Carl Anton Dittmar, a prominent
scholar and jurist, was bom in
H. John (1), b. 1850; d. Jan. 6, Darmstadt, Dec. 1, 1801, and d.
1882; attended Univ. in Germany; in New Braunfels, July 28, 1871. He
retumed to San Antonio as a m. RosaUe Leske, b. in Darmstadt,
doctor in 1874; m. May 11, 1875 Dec. 9, 1806, and d. in New Braun-
(by Father Pfef ferkorn), Ida fels, March 19, 1876. They had:
Kampmann, dau. of Major James 1 Laura, q. s.
H. Kampmann and Caroline Bon- 2 Albert, q. s.
3 Emil, b. Sept. 1, 1835; d. in San An-
net. "The late Major James H. tonio, Nov. 12, 1907; m. Bertha Mol-
Kampmann, who was an early ler:
i Albert.
settler, was also a well known ii Pauline, m. Mr. Rice.
contractor and buUder who con- iii Bruno.
iv Ella, m. Mr. Praeger.
structed a large number of the v Emil.
4 Anna. b. March 8. 1837; d. in New
buildings of early days in San An- Braunfels, May 20. 1871; m. Gustav
tonio. Prominent among these Conrads, who before coming to the
United States, was a n officer in the
were the Menger Hotel, which he Prussian a r m y :
acquired after building, as he did i Julius.
ii Otto.
the old Alamo Literary Hall, now iii Alfred.
iv Mathilde, m. Mr. Lukenbach.
the Bexar Hotel, the Kampmann 5 Agnes, b. Feb. 19, 1839; d. San An-
Bldg., and numerous others," says tonio, April 17, 1912; m. Eugene Pas-
qualle Jean, "the last scion of a fa-
Barnes. Ida Kampmann Herff m. mous family of France and whose
home was New Orleans," says Barnes,
2nd, Theodore F. Myer (St. Mark's, p . 2€1.
A-U, 212). John and Ida had:
n . Laura (1), b. in Darmstadt,
1 Hermann Ferdinand John, b. May 24, May, 1831 (bapt. in the Lutheran
1876; d. 1877.
2 John Bennet, b. Sept. 20, 1878, m. Flor- Church there); d. in San Antonio,
ence H a r r i s :
i Carolyn, b. 1904; m. August Oct. 3, 1910; m. in New Braunfels,
Herff.
ii Florence Hsie, m. Thomas Clay-
1851, John F. Torrey, one of seven
borne Frost, Jr., Aug. 3, 1925 brothers, all from Ashford. Conn.:
(St. Mark's, A-vi, 170-171).
iii Jeanne: S. A. "b. in 1817, came to Texas in 1838;
EC. Ferdinand (2), d. Sept. 18, a merchant in Houston, interest-
1927, aged 74 years (St. Mark's ed in the Indian trade; later in
A-vu, 376-377); one of the first woolen manufactures in New
directors of the S. A. Loan & Braunfels," says Brown (Hist, of
Trust Co., organized February 29, Tex., TL, 278, n. 1). According to
1912, to take over the business not the Centennial Marker at New
suitable to the S. A. National Bank, Braunfels (Oct. 9, 1936), Mr. Tor-
the first National Bank in San rey had "the first woolen factory
Antonio, chartered in 1866, of in Texas." According to family
which he was cashier; m. Suleme notes, "In 1850 he built a cotton
Lacoste: gin, flour grist, saw mill, door and
1 Alice, m. 1st, Albert Beze; m. 2nd,
sash and blind factory. This was
Earl Heady. destroyed by fire." In 1862 Col-
2 Ellen, m. Alfred Duerler.
3 Mathilda, m. Sept. 6. 1906 (St. Mark's, onel Torrey erected a cotton mill
A-iv, 400-401), Clement Rees (Hous-
ton, Texas).
called "The Comal Manufacturing
4 Zuleme, m. Dec. 5, 1917 (St. Mark's Co." It was destroyed by a tor-
A-vi, 80-81), Guy Charleston Simp- nado in 1869. He built a third mill
son.
GERMANS 389
in 1872. It was destroyed during tled in Center Point, a prohibition

an overflow of the Comal River. town, ten miles from KerrvUle. He
Disgusted, Mr. Torrey proceeded was "the first man to ever put a
to Hood County, where he acquir- RepubUcan baUot in a Kerr Coun-
ed his home at Comanche Peak. ty box." As he was a Mason, and
He died December 27, 1893. Laura the Lodge there very strong, that
and John P. had: helped him out a great deal. Mr.
1 Emmy, b. March 19, 1853; d.: S. A. Vaughan and Mr. McElroy had a
2 John, b. Nov. 21, 1856; d.: S. P smaU lumber yard. They purchas-
3 Edward, b. Nov. 4, 1860; d. in San
Antonio, 1911; m. Nora Heuss (Gal- ed from a Mr. Dascomb in San
veston) ; she m. 2nd, Carl J. Peter-
sen.
Antonio. Through his influence,
4 Adele, b. Dec. 26, 1863: S. A. Mr. Vaughan was persuaded to
5 Rose. b. Sept. 1865; m. 2nd, Peter come to San Antonio. The three
Martinson: S. P.
6 Cornelia, q. s. began the "Vaughan Lumber
7 Henry, b. March 29, 1871: m. Nov. 11,
1896. Amelia, dau. of William Pieper, Company," February 1, 1893. Corn-
b. Reinfeld, Prussia, d. in San An- elia Dittmar and George C.
tonio. Jan. 30, 1899. aged 63 years,
and his wife, Mary Gembler, b. Nov. Vaughan had:
7, 1847, in Aurich. Germany, and d-
in San Antonio, Feb. 3, 1913. 1 Curtis Torrey, m. Nov. 23, 1921, Edna
Steves:
m . Cornelia, "Nellie," b. in New i Elizabeth Jane, b. 1922.
ii Curtis T., b. 1927.
Braunfels, June 18. 1868; grad. of 2 Cornelia T., m. April 11, 1928. Dr.
the State Normal School near E. D. Dumas:
i Cornelia V., b. Oct. 25, 1930.
HuntsviUe; taught school at Cent- ii Genevieve Louise, b. Dec. 30,
er Point, where she met her future 1933.
husband: she m. in February, 1891, II. Albert (2), son of Carl Ditt-
George C. Vaughan (his 2nd wife), mar and Rosalie, b. Darmstadt,
b. Feb. 24, 1858, in St. Johnsbury Nov. 21, 1833; d. June 22, 1887; m.
Center, Vermont, son of RosweU Emmy von Rehfues, dau. of Baron
Curtis Vaughan and Nancy Jane Julius von Rehfues, who as a
Bacon, dau. of John (m. Miss young man was in the Embassy
Fairbanks). George C. Vaughan at Wurttemburg, and LUly KUngel-
m. 1st, at the age of 21 years, hoeffer, dau. of WUhelm, sister
Katherine Fairbanks, "a cousin of of Mrs. Herff. Mrs. Dittmar was
the Fairbanks, of the Fairbanks b. at Koenigswinter, near Bonn.
Scale Company," by whom he had Her grandfather, Baron PhiUpp
RosweU P., d. (Eagle Pass); Gene- Joseph von Rehfues was the
vieve (m. O. C. Meyer), and Ed- founder and first curator of the
ward, adopted by his aunt Mary famous educational institution, the
(Vaughan), who m. George P. University of Bonn, and noted
Dunklee (Denver). Mr. Vaughan author of various scientific and
came to Texas in the latter part historic works pubUshed in his
of 1883 (from Leavenworth, Kans.), time in the French, German and
reaching San Antonio "on the Spanish languages, with all of
only railroad in here at that time, which he was fluently intimate.
which was the I. & G. N." He Mrs. Dittmar's grandmother was
had with him letters of introduc- Caroline von Meusebach. JuUus
tion to George Brackenridge and von Rehfues and Dr. Ferdinand
Marshal Gosling, Sheriff for the von Herff were first cousins, as
whole Southwest. He finally set- their mothers were sisters. Mrs.
Dittmar's uncle. Baron Guido von moved to San Antonio (Barnes,

Rehfues was German Ambassador p. 259), entering into partnership
at Stockholm, Constantinople and with Hon. Thomas A. StribUng.
Peking; her great uncle, Baron He was an officer in the Con-
WUhelm von Hoffmann, was the federate Army. After the war he
famous chemist, and discoverer of entered the firm of "Shook, Ditt-
Aniline dyes. Judge Albert Ditt- mar and Vander Hoven," remain-
mar was admitted to the Texas ing with it until his death, June
bar (after studying at New Braun- 21, 1877.
fels and Seguin under Judges 1 Charles.
2 Guido L.
Sherwood and Thornton) in 1856, 3 John A.
one of his examiners being the 4 Mattie.
5 Lilly, d. San Antonio, Dec. 3, 1907;
Hon. Alexander Watkins Terrell, m. Dr. Richard A. Goeth:
later United States Minister to i Richard Louis, m. Mildred See-
berg: Richard Norman, and Rolf
Turkey. He practiced law in New Albert, twins, b. in San Antonio,
Braunfels until 1859, when he May 30, 1929.
ii Lilly Edith, m. Mr. Kelly.384
MEUSEBACH
ON M E U S E B A C H , dating from about the
10th century, originated in the Golden Aue
("Golden Plain") in Thuringia, where the set-
tlement of Meusebach is located, near Roch.
Baron or Freiherr Ottfried Hans von Meusebach
was bom in DUlenburg, Nassau, May 26, 1812. His
father was procurator at the law court of that
place, and was later president of the highest
Prussian court for the Rhine provinces at Cob-
lenz; and transferred to Berlin after the dissolution of that court.
Ottfried Hans "was a student in the Academy for Mining and Forestry
at Clausthal in the Harz, studying mining and natural sciences. Later
he studied law as well as political economy and finances (Cameralia)
at the Universities of Bonn and Halle. He held positions, first at the
Supreme Court of Justice in Nauenburg, then at Stettin, and later with
the royal government at Stettin to arrange the communal affairs of the
town of Anclam, and then he was engaged and appointed, February
24, 1845, by the Society for the Protection of German Emigrants to
succeed Prince Solms as Commissioner General of the Society in Texas."
"In this capacity, he established the town of Fredericksburg,
selecting in 1845, 10,000 A. of good farm land with sufficient water
and wood. He had the land surveyed under his own personal supervi-
sion, and then distributed it without further payment among the
immigrants of 1845 as a recompense for their transportation, impos-
384 The writer is grateful to Mrs. Charles Herff for the use of the Herff genealogy, Ms.,
to Mrs. Emmy Dittmar for many data regarding the Herff and Dittmar families, and to
Mr. and Mrs. Henry Torrey for their family notes. See Upson's "Memorial Address on the
Death of Albert Dittmar. Esq.," in S. A. Daily Times, June 25, 1887; Express, Oct. 29,
1929; and the "Memoirs" of George C. Vaughan, San Antonio, 1936.
GERMANS 391
sible under existing conditions, to the grant land, still occupied by

the Indians. He made it possible hereby and by conceaUng the de-
sperate financial conditions of the Society for the industrious emigrants
to maintain themselves at a point so far away and beyond aU settle-
ments, a problem which they have solved splendidly and gloriously to
judge by the present prosperity of Fredericksburg."
"He also estabUshed the settlements of Leiningen and Castel with-
in the limits of the grant land, and concluded a treaty of peace with
the Comanche Indians, according to which they bound themselves
not to molest the surveyors and emigrants within the grant lands."
"On July 20, 1847, he tumed over his duties as Commissioner Gen-
eral to [Hermann] Spiess, since the ever continuing lack of funds,
the resultant growing of debts, and the intrigues carried on here and
in Europe among the officials made it impossible for him to carry on
the enterprise."
The last day of the year 1846 was marked by a popular uprising
In New Braunfels. "Placards were posted at several points in the town
early in the moming, calhng upon the population to assert their rights,
long held in abeyance by the management of the Society, to march
in a body to Mr. von Meusebach's headquarters and to force him to
fulfiU immediately the promises made to the colonists. Pursuant to
this proclamation, a crowd of about 150 men, armed in part with clubs
and guns, set itself in motion at about 9: o'clock in the morning from
the town to the hUl upon which the Society's buUdings" were situated.
"A deputation made up of not quite the best and most respectable
individuals went to Mr. von Meusebach's quarters; the remainder of
the mob were satisfied, at the beginning, to await before the house
whatever reply the deputation might receive. It entered the house,
too, however, when there was no immediate report of a reply. Here,
some acts of vandaUsm were committed in the antechamber, and the
crowd uttered loud threats against the life of Mr. von Meusebach. m
the meantime, negotiations went on in the adjourning room. Mr. H.
Fischer, who had sold the so-called grant or colonization district to
the Society, and who had arrived several days previously from Hous-
ton, directed the discussion on the part of the deputation."
"After the discussion had continued for several hours, the foUow-
ing points were agreed upon, and Mr. von Meusebach affixed his
signature:
1. All emigrants shall receive certificates for their 160 or 320 A. in the g r a n t
without preference. Mr. H. Fischer will look after the interests of the emigrants
in the issuance of the certificates.
2. The survey of the lands due each emigrant shall be carried out without any
preference. Here, too, Mr. Fischer shall safeguard the interests of the colon-
ists to the extent that he will see to the early survey of the lands by the
Society according to agreement.
3. Some emigrants who received no town lots in New Braunfels, although they
belonged to the first expedition under Prince Solms shall still receive such
allotments, subsequently.
4. Since the inhabitants of New Braunfels claim that all wood lands located with-
in the bounds of the town had been given to them by Prince Solms, since, how-
ever, the administration of the Society disputes this claim, inquiry shall be
made in Germany, and the decision shall depend on the testimony of the Prince.
5. Mr. von Meusebach will demand discharge from his present duties from t h e
directors of the Society in Germany and will continue to conduct its affairs
only until the arrival of his successor.
"With the last demand Mr. von Meusebach could agree all the
more readUy as he had already urgently requested the Society to re-
lease him from his duties as commissioner general."
"The result of the negotiations was announced by a member of
the deputation to the crowd waiting outside of the house and was ac-
cepted with vociferous approval. Very soon the crowd dispersed to
proclaim and celebrate its victory in the town."
"Thus this popular up-rising came to an end, fortunately with-
out bloodshed. A distinction can be drawn between cause and occasion
in this instance as in most major events. The real cause was with-
out doubt," says Dr. Ferdinand Roemer, "the wide-spread discontent
of the settlers because several important promises originally made them
by the Society had not been fulfiUed. For most of them, the as-
surance of acquiring without cost so much land as 160 A. for a single
man, and 320 for a famUy had been the chief reason for coming here
under the auspices of the Society. This promise had not been ful-
fiUed upon their arrival in Texas. They had, on the contrary, gain-
ed the conviction that the lands which the Society had mtended to
give them lay in an unknown mountain region which was hard to
reach, and that, at the moment, the Societly was least of all the true
owner of them, but rather that predatory Indian tribes were in un-
disputed possession. Besides, the colonists had found out that unless
the lands of the grant should be surveyed by the Society by the fol-
lowing August aU rights of the Society to the lands on the Llano and
San Saba would lapse, according to the original contracts between
the govemment of the State of Texas and the grantees of the colon-
ization enterprise, Messrs. Fischer and MueUer. This prospect of a
complete anihUation of their claims might induce immigrants, ordin-
arily peaceful and respectable, to protect their rights energeticaUy.
The immediate cause of the up-rising, however, lay in the instigations
of a man who was for selfish reasons concemed above aU in getting
rid of Mr. von Meusebach, and who knew how to utUize the personal
enmity of certain persons to Mr. von Meusebach for his own purposes
with great skiU and cunning." Even as early as 1845, Mr. von Meuse-
bach heard of Fischer in no friendly terms, as Prince Solms wrote from
New Orleans, June 11, 1845, "... Ich Signor Fischer danke. Bei Gott der
Hund ist nicht den Strick worth, an dem man ihn und dau Schaar-
mueller & Co. Hoengen muesste."
"How Uttle, moroever, a large part of the population of New
Braunfels was in sympathy with the high-handed and unlawful pro-
cedure employed in this forcible petition and especially with the un-
just and unworthy treatment to which Mr. von Meusebach had been
subjected became evident on the very next day in a pubUc meeting
in which, beside other persons, the majority of the Americans in the
town participated, and these Americans were best quaUfied to judge
the matter without prejudice, because they were themselves not di-
rectly involved in the dispute itself. Disapproval of the incident found
most decided expression in this meeting and the chief justice espe-
GERMANS 393
cially, Mr. Doolay, emphasized indignantly the unlawfulness of the

act, consisting in the forcible violation of a man's rights in his home."
"The up-rising did not lead to any further changes in the manage-
ment of the Society's affairs," Dr. Roemer concludes, "for Mr. von
Meusebach continued to carry on the business of the Society until his
successor arrived." With Hermann Spiess, General Director, G. Dresel
was appomted the general business agent and was responsible for the
finances of the organization. Gustave Dresel and his brother Carl,
left Texas for CaUfornia in 1871. Rudolf Dresel, another brother, went
to Monterey, Mexico. He m. Augusta Schleicher ("Reg. of B./ I, 43).
Gustav Schleicher, native of Darmstadt, was one of the Vierziger. He
settled in San Antonio in 1850. Three years later he was elected a
member of the House of Representatives. In 1854 he was elected Bexar
County surveyor. He entered the Confederate army, engineer corps,
as captain, in 1861. He was instrumental in the estabUshment of
Fort Sam Houston at San Antonio.
After Commissioner General von Meusebach's letter requesting
discharge from his official duties was reported to the directors in the
general meetmg of the Association for the Protection of Immigrants
in Texas, held at Biebrich, July 23, 1847, and after an exposition of
matters pertinent thereto by his brother, Regierungsassessor C. von
Meusebach, had been noted, all the members found themselves im-
peUed to declare: "that the sending of a special commissioner to Texas
last year was occasioned not by any lack of confidence in the com-
missioner general there on the part of the association, but primarily
by its faUure to receive detaUed information during a considerable
time about the state of affairs in the colony and by the wish to bring
about temporary increase in the personnel in the administration of
the association in Texas in its own interest. The association further
declared: that the results of this mission have not aroused any dis-
trusts in the commissioner general either."
Baron Ottfried Hans von Meusebach became naturalized as an
American citizen under the name of John Meusebach. In 1851 he was
elected to the State Senate to represent Bexar, Comal and Medina
counties. After the close of his term, he married, September 28, 1852,
Agnes von Coreth, the oldest of the nine chUdren of Ernst, Count von
Coreth, of the Tirol, who emigrated with his wife Agnes, nee Erler. In
February 1854, John Meusebach was appointed, by Govemor E. M
Pease with comfirmation by the Senate, commissioner for the Colony
of the German Emigration Co., to issue headrights to the emigrants.
After this he Uved as farmer and justice of the peace at Comanche
Springs, Bexar County; later at Waco Springs, near New Braunfels;
and then at Fredericksburg.
In about 1867 he planned the Uttle town of Loyal VaUey on his
own land on the route from Fredericksburg to Mason, about halfway
between them, with the expectation that a raUroad would be mult
to Fredericksburg and from there to Mason. His letter to Emsly,
dated Loyal VaUey, March 14, 1884, gives interesting details of Ufe at
that place. He held the offices of Justice of the Peace, Notary PubUc,
and Postmaster for a number of years, untU old age and iU health
compeUed him to retire from pubUc life. "He deserves great credit
for guiding the pioneers in West Texas ably and efficiently, and for
having protected them agamst threatening disaster at a critical time.
On account of these achievements, too, he has been appropriately and
deservedly honored at the semi-centenial celebrations of these col-
onies," remarks Penniger in his Fest-Ausgabe. Dr. Kapp points out,
that "Belonging to the class of higher Prussian officials through his
birth as well as his preceding career, Meusebach proved himself equal
to any occasion as a man of indomitable will, unbounded courage, un-
wavering perseverance, of impressive equanimity and of admirable
judgment in affairs of business. His father was the weU-known jurist,
Praesident von Meusebach. His own last position in Germany was
that of Regierungsassessor at Potsdam. Clear in judgment, sparing in
words, always hitting the naU on the head, quick of decision and dar-
ing, even reckless in execution, he was master in the art of discern-
ing the weaknesses and passions of others, and of understanding the
character of his subordinates, of utiUzing every force in his own in-
terest and of turning opponents or grudgers into friends or eulogists.
WithaU, this versatile man of affairs exhibited, even under the great-
est difficulties, self-denial and presence of mind to equal diplomats
of the highest rank."385
John Meusebach and his wife Agnes had:
1 Ernst, m. Lena Niemitz, parents of Jago.
2 Otto. m. Martha Hellmann. parents of John O., a prominent citizen of San An-
tonio today; m. Elizabeth Meyer, dau. of Ida Kampmann by her 2nd m. Otto and
Martha also had: CurtG. and Anita.
3 Max. d.: S. P.
4 Antonia, m. Otto Marschall von Bieberstein, parents of a dau. who m. August
Altgelt: and four sons.
5 Lucy. m. Ernst Marschall von Bieberstein, her brother-in-law; they had children.
6 Emmie, m. Wilhelm Marschal von Bieberstein, her brother-in-law.
7 Elizabeth, m. Leo Zesch.
KALTEYER
Friedrich Kalteyer was bom in leans. In 1853 he was on a farm
Hademar, Nassau, in 1817. He d. in near Boerne, and was one of the
the famUy residence on Military first to bring improved cattle to
Plaza, July 16, 1884. He studied this section of the state. He came
pharmacy and chemistry under to San Antonio in 1857. He open-
the renowned Liebeg. He was first ed a drug store; Barnes says, p.
in Veracruz, Mexico; and then in 212, "the Eagle Drug Store' on
New Orleans, 1835. He is said to MiUtary Plaza." He buUt up a
have opened the first sodawater large wholesale and retaU busi-
fountain in Texas, at Galveston, ness. In April, 1877, he erected the
During the war of Texas Inde- Kalteyer Bldg. on the NW cor. of
pendence he retumed to New Or- MiUtary Plaza, when Spanish re-
385 Biesele. "Hist, of the German Settlements in Texas," vi. 201. note 31 and iv 151 •
Penniger. Robert. -'Fest-Ausgabe." Fredericksburg. 1896. pp. 56-58; newspaper cli'ppine"
quoting; Reimer. Aus und ueber Amerika", Berlin, 1876. pp. 242-290- Roemer Dr Ferd
inand. "Texas." Bonn. 1848. pp. 259-262; and "Meusebach Papers", in 3rd publication* of the
Yanaguana Society, San Antomo. 1937. The writer is very much obliged to Dr Franz J
Dohmen for his selection and translation of these excerpts. Barnes. "Combats" and '"Express"'
GERMANS 395
Ucs were found in excavating. In stood the best test in the St. Louis
June of that year he built ten Testing Machine. In 1882 the
feet of sidewalk on Military Plaza, Alamo Cement Co. put forth a
a novelty for the time. He was proposition to construct concrete
Pres. of the Kranken-Kassen gutters. The foUowing year the
Verein, or San Antonio Beneficiary City passed an ordinance requir-
Association, organized Feb. 1, 1858, ing the use of Alamo cement,
which held regular meetings the which ordinance or monopoly was
first Sunday in each month at protested by James Bums, who
Meyer's Hall (1877) .386 also manufactured cement here.
Friedrich Kalteyer m. in New 3eorge H. Kalteyer had the first
Orleans, Henrietta Leonard t: concrete building in San Antonio;
1 George H., q. s. it was erected on Nolan St., in
2 Minna, m. Dr. Adolph Herff. his 1st
wife.
February, 1883. The Alamo Cement
3 Bertha, b. Feb. 12, 1863; m. George Co., acquired the rights for Texas
C. Altgelt. of the "Schillinger Patent." In
4 Moritz, studied pharmacy in Phila*
delphia; d.: S. A. 1889 Mr. Kalteyer investigated the
n . George H. (1), b. New Orleans, "De Camp Patent," in Europe; he
1849; city alderman; junior part- died under an operation in Phila-
ner in the firm F. Kalteyer & Son; delphia, August, 1897, when Char-
having studied chemistry with Dr. les Baumberger, who had been
Prisenius of Wiesbaden, Germany, with the company since 1880 un-
William Loyd, an EngUshman who dertook to carry out the plans
discovered a blue argUlaceous under discussion. The Alamo Ce-
Umestone in the San Antonio rock ment Co. was succeeded by the
quarries, took specimens to him San Antonio Portland Cement Co.
for analysis; he pronounced it Mr. Kalteyer's first contract was
natural cement rock, containing with the government, at Pt. Sam
about the correct proportions of Houston.
Ume to clay to make a true Port- George H. Kalteyer m. Harm-
land Cement. With W. R. Free- chen Gloetzel, the Register of
man, a hydrauUc engineer, Loyd Births, stating that he was an
made sample burns from this American citizen (I, 122):
rock. "Having only limited means, 1 Minnie, m. 1st. Fred Cook, of the S.
they fmally interested Mr. Kal- A. Drug Co.:
i Stella, m. 1st. John Cutrer:
teyer to come to their assistance a Stella, and
b John, twins.
financialy and technically. The m. 2nd Robert V. Maverick: S. A.
idea was then conceived to incor- m. 3rd, Dr. Andrew Wessels, of
Califomia.
porate a company for the man- 2 Fred.
ufacture of hydraulic cements." As 3 Stella, b. Oct. 14. 1874; m. 1st, Her-
mann Probst, of Cologne. Germany; m.
a result the Alamo Portland and 2nd, Fritz Weinzheimer. an a r t i s t :
lived in Italy.
Roman Cement Co. was incorpor-
ated, Jan. 15, 1880, by Wm. Loyd, I. Wilhelm, son of Maurice Kal-
George H. Kalteyer, B. J. Mauer- teyer, brother of Friedrich, above,
mann, F. V. Weise and W. E. came to Texas at a later date
Jones. Mr. Kalteyer was elected than his uncle; m. Olga Stieren
Pres. In 1881 San Antonio cement (C. A. and Hedwig Ramer):
386 The writer is grateful to Dr. Adolph Herff for data in this biography. See "Ex-
press," July 17, 1884.
1 Gertrude. pleasant, and, the opportunity of-

2 Clement, b. 1906; Vice-Pres., then (Oct.
1936) Pres. of the S. A. Drug Co. fering itself, he took a trip to
3 Curtis, realtor.
Germany, to visit his father, and
I. Carl, twin with WUhelm, realt- other relatives; returning to Tex-
or; m. Helena Schimmelpfeunig, as shortly before the close of the
daughter of Hermann, of New war, and joining the Confederate
Braunfels and Comfort, and Aug- army, participated in the battle
usta Tolle: of BrownsviUe, which was fought
1 Helena, m. O. S. Evans:
i Ewing Kalteyer.
after Lee's surrender," says the
Diamond-Jubilee.
Ernst Hermann Altgelt mar-
ALTGELT gelt married, July, 1855, Emma
Murck, "a highly educated young
Ernst Hermann Altgelt was born lady, recently arrived from Ger-
July 17, 1832, "at Duesseldorf on many." They moved to San An-
the Rhine, and was the son of tonio in 1866. Their home was
Privy Counselor Altgelt of that built in King WUliam St., and is
city. After discharging his mUi- stiU standing, east side, in the
tary obligations at the age of 300 block. The street was named
twenty, he immigrated to the by Mr. Altgelt, in honor of King
United States, landing first at WUUam of Prussia. Augusta Street
New Orleans, where he secured a was named in honor of the queen,
position with the cotton firm of for which, in later years, Mr. Alt-
John Vies." His founding of Com- gelt received official recognition
fort has already been mentioned. and thanks from the German Em-
"At the beginning of the CivU peror. Ernst Hermann Altgelt d.
War, he aUgned himself with the March 28, 1878. Ernst Hermann
Confederate cause, which was not and Emma had:
popular with a great many of his
recently acquired German friends, 1 Antonia Laura, b. 1856, in Comfort;
although he was no rabid fire- m. 1st, 1876, Gustav Adolf Benner. of
New Braunfels; m. 2nd, Luis Hypolit
sating secessionist and allowed Tournat. She d. Dec. 31, 1927. in San-
t a Monica. California.
jvery man the right to his own 2 Hermann Hugo, b. 1857, Comfort; m.
opinion; and through his in- Ottilie Franciska
Braunfels, 1858: 3 ch.
Coreth, b. New
fluence as a known Southerner 3 George Conrad John. b. 1859, Comfort;
ndirectly assisted some of the d. Nov.. 1924; m. 1884, Charlotte Kal.
teyer, b. Feb. 12, 1863: 4 ch. of whom:
Jnionists in escaping to Mexico, i Fred.
>r warding off other entangle- 4 Helene Eveline, b. 1861, Comfort; m.
1884, Felix Stapper: 2 ch.. of whom:
ments in which they were thrown i Ernst.
by their adherence to the Union, 6 Ida, b. 1863, Comfort: m. 1887. August
Schweppe: 4 ch.
It was known that he had stated 6 August Ernest, b. 1866, Comfort; d.
Dec., 1908; m. 1898. Helene Marschall
on several occasions that his von Bieberstein: 3 ch.
smoke-house was left unlocked, 7 Wilhelm Otto. b. 1868. San Antonio;
d. y.
and his dogs tied up; a hint to 8 Franz Hugo, b. 1869. San Antonio:
the wise was sufficient. Neverthe- d. y.
9 Ernest, Jr., b. 1872, San Antonio; m.
less, the difference of opinion be- Mary Bennet Heard:
tween himself and his neighbors i August Albert.
ii Woodward Woodson.
made their social intercouse un- iii Ernest J .
iv Daniel Dane.387
387 See "Texas and Texans.*' VoL HL
GERMANS 397
HUGO
The Hugo family, according to their Charles Guenther Hermann von

own tradition, were of French origin.
Carl Guenther von Hugo, "Forstmeister" Hugo, b. 1849, at Glogau, Ger-
in Hannover, was the father of Carl
Adolph von Hugo (b. Hannover and d.
many, came to Galveston in 1858,
May, 1828, on the way to Darmstadt), ind settled in Dewitt county. In
who m. Christiane Wilhelmine (1763-1825),
her third husband, of the house of Mai- about 1866 he came to San An-
itsch ("aus dem Hause Malitsch"), Freuen
von Richthofen, daughter and 4th child
tonio. He married here, Elise Hase-
of Wilhelm Dibrand von Richthofen (1732- loff, daughter of Hermann Hasel-
1808), son of Johann Praetorius von Rich- off and his wife Bertha Eigendorff,
thofen (b. Sept. 20, 1661 and d. May 29,
1739). b. 1848, Berlin; adoptive daughter
Carl Adolph von Hugo and his wife
Christiane Wilhelmine Freuen von Rich-
of the Iwonski, whose son, the
thofen had four children: The oldest, artist, painted her portrait in oil;
Hermann Carl G. von Hugo, b. 1804, m.
Oct. 18. 1835, Baroness Ernestine von she came with her parents to In-
Zedlitz Neukirch and their daughter El-
friede Anna (who eventually came to
dianola and then to Comal coun-
San Antonio, Texas) married Baron ty, near New Braunfels. When
Oscar von Lorenz; their daughter El- she was only twelve years of age
friede von Lorenz married Herbert Deyo,
and they had a daughter Elfriede. The her parents died, and she, with
second, Carl Ottomar (1805-1875), fol-
lows. The third, Elfriede, m. Herr von her grandmother, nee Eigendorff,
Redern. The fourth and last, Nathalie,
m. Albrecht Ruhnke (in Potsdam).
one sister and two brothers, came
Carl Ottomar, second son of Carl to San Antonio in about 1860;
Adolph von Hugo and his wife Christiane
Wilhelmine Freuen von Richthofen, mar-
she died here September 4, 1911.
ried Albertine Graefin zu Dohna, of the Charles Hugo and his wife Elise
house of Malmitz, of Schlesien (1813- Haseloff had:
1890). They emigrated from Bromberg,
to America in 1856. They were of Glogau, 1 Lillian Elise, b. Sept. 27, 1872; m.
Germany. There is a family tradition 1894, at St. Mark's Episcopal Church.
that one of the ancestors made a loan Charles J. Chabot, his 2nd wife.
to a German prince. He died and the 2 Viola Frida, b. Nov. 25, 1874 ;388 m.
heirs attempted to claim the sum in ques- Nov. 16, 1903 (St. Mark's). William
tion from the prince. They thus came in- Durrell McCarty:
to unfortunate relations, the consequence i Elizabeth Viola, m. Jack Dwavours,
of which was their decision to leave Ger- by whom: Lola Beth, William,
many. and Viola Ann.
ii Orin. m. (Sept. 1933), Mildred
Carl Ottomar von Hugo and his Waite, whose mother is a May-
wife Albertine zu Dohna had three flower descendant.
5 Wanda B., m. 1897. Adolph C. Shell;
sons and three daughters: (1) both d.: S. P.
Paul, m. EUse von Clausewitz: four 4 Victor, (d.) ; m. Lucile Wilson:
i Victor, Jr.
ch., PearsaU, Texas; (2) Emmie, 6 Elfrieda. d.: S. A.
6 Erna H., d. Feb. 13, 1897, aged 16
m. Marslay "Bulwer" (Anglosized years.
from French): four ch., Yoakum, 7 Ralph H., Grad. Univ. of Tex.. Elk.
Pres of Hugo, Schmeltzer & Co.; d.
Texas; (3) Carl Guenther Her- Aug. 31, 1931, aged 47 years; m. 1912,
mann, who foUows; (4) Adolphine, Alice Beatrice Clarkson: S. P.
8 Lola Felice, b. Aug. 18, 1892 (bapt. at
m. Fritz von Clausewitz: seven St. Mark's) ; m. Murray Brooks: S. P .
ch., Pearsall; (5) Ottomar, m. 3 Charles Hugo a n d Gustav
times; Dilley, Texas; his son, Schmeltzer founded the firm of
Vane, by his 2nd wife, is m. and Hugo & Schmeltzer in 1871. They
is now living in San Antonio; (6) moved their wholesale and retail
Hedwig, m. Kurt von Boenigk: busmess to the Callaghan Bldg.
nine ch., Yoakum. in December, 1872. William Heuer-
388 These dates are from "Record of B.," I, 89.
mann became a member of the Charles Hugo, W. Heuermann, A.

firm in Sept. 1873. According to Meerscheidt, G. Schmeltzer, Col.
the Free Press, they made the W. B. HamUton, E. Steves, S. Halff,
first shipment of pecans, packed P. H. Swearingen, N. S. Graham,
in empty beer barrels, March 7, J. N. Brown and E. Schramm. The
1877. The store on Commerce St., charter was dated March 2, 1891.
near Presa St., on the river b u m - Mr. Hugo was Pres. of the Board
ed in August 1883, with heavy of Trade, 1891.
loss, two dying of their injuries.
Mr. Hugo was in Europe at t h e SCHMELTZER
time. In July, 1884 the firm was Gustav Schmeltzer, merchant
located in the Alamo property, of Walenbrueck, WestphaUa, land-
which property they purchased ed in New Orleans in December,
from Grenet for $28,000. in 1886, 1849. He was in Indianola for
and subsequently sold to Miss Christmas of that year. He re-
Clara DriscoU for $75,000. for the mained a few months with the
Daughters of the Republic of Tex-
Keitel famUy on a farm near
as (the 29th Legislature, 1905, ap-
Port Lavaca. He arrived in San
propriated funds for its purchase).
Antonio in May, 1850. He was a
In 1907 the firm was removed to
clerk in the Menger Hotel from
the location on E. Houston St., at
the railroad tracks. I n 1910 the 1859 untU the outbreak of the
business was taken over by the Civil War. I n 1861 he joined the
ColUns Co. (wholesale grocers) Confederate Army and was in
and in t h e following year the U- Sibley's brigade. After the war he
quor business was discontinued. retumed to his work at the Men-
Charles Hugo was one of San ger Hotel. Later, he was with the
Antonio's foremost busmess men. firm of Carl Nauwald Co. In 1871
He was appointed to a commit- he started t h e firm of Hugo &
tee in April, 1877, to reorganize Schmeltzer, which was located in
the Chamber of Commerce, and the old convent property adjoin-
to discuss the high freight rates ing the Alamo Church.
prevailing at the time, with Col. Gustav Schmeltzer m. Oct.,
Pierce and the agent of the Mor- 1866, Emilie Victoria Eckhardt,
gan Steam Ship Line. He was a daughter of an early settler from
founder and the first president of Hessen-Nassau. They had:
1 Gustav, b. 1867; m. Sophie Heutze:
the Alamo National Bank of San 4 ch.
Antonio. The first meeting of the 2 Louise, m. George Hederer: 3 ch.
3 Emily, m. William August Wurzbach.
subscribers to the capital stock, 4 Ida, m. P a t Dwyer.
$250,000., was held Nov. 20, 1890: 5 Hermann, m. Bertha Ingenhuett.
6 Antoinette, m. Sam Dwyer, Pat's
brother.389
389 The six Schmeltzer ch.. b. between 1867 and 1875. "Reg. of Births", I, 216.
GERMANS 399
STEVES
Heinrich Steves, of Barmen, Prusia, was born in 1790. He m. Christina Schieppes.
She d. Nov., 1842. Their son Gustav came to Texas in 1847, with a company of nineteen,
formed in Barmen. They sailed from Antwerp and arrived in Galveston; proceeding from
Houston to New Braunfels in ox-carts. The company disbanded the following year. Gustav
Steves settled in New Braunfels, and served as clerk with John Torrey.
Other members of the Steves family came to America in 1849 with Dr. Nohl and the
Tipps family. They proceeded by rail from Barmen to Bremen, and from there to Elsfleth,
with a ship, where they embarked on the "Neptune", There were 110 passengers aboard. Af-
ter a seven weeks voyage they arrived in Galveston, where they spent several days a t the
"Will Tell Hotel". According to the manuscript notes of the Steves family, the population
of Galveston in those days (1849) did not exceed 6,000. They all lived in frame houses. The
Steves party continued their voyage by sea. from Galveston to Indianola, where they were
met by Gustav Steves. They proceeded on their way in ox-carts, arriving at New Braunfels
several weeks later.
I. Eduard Steves, the third chUd of Heinrich Steves and his wife
Christina Schieppes, was bom at Barmen, Elberfeld, Germany, Decem-
ber 14, 1829. "He was given a commercial education, and in company
with his father, brothers and sisters, came to Texas in 1848, and set-
tled in New Braunfels. He began learning cabinet making in the shop
of the elder Floege. At the end of 1850 he came to San Antonio. He
was employed by C. Aman, who was buUding a house for Major Howard,
which later became the old Groesbeeck homestead. In 1852, on ac-
count of the bad health of his father, he retumed to the farm near
New Braunfels. In 1854 he accompanied Friedrich and Juechler, in
land surveys around Comfort. The following year, 1855, he acquired
160 acres of land and occupied it. He was alternately engaged in
farming, and in carpenter work in San Antonio, making the trip, back
and forth, on foot. He spent the night at the house of Mr. Kampmann,
on one of his trips, with whom he was frequently afterwards brought
into busmess contact.
At the age of 28, December 26, 1857, he m. Johanne Kloepper at
the home of Jacob Gerbes, her stepfather. She was b. at Adenstedt,
Hanover, Oct. 24, 1839. Her family came to New Braunfels in 1853.
Eduard Steves and his bride immediately removed to Comfort. In
the spring of 1866, they removed to San Antonio, and purchased the
property at Blum and Bonham Sts.. for $2,100 and resided there. Mr.
Steves founded the outstanding pioneer lumber firm of this section
of Texas, of permanent duration. His experience with lumber taught
him that green pine which he purchased at Bastrop, at from 4 to 5
cents per foot, with from 2 to 2!/2 cents freight, was not profitable.
From March 1866, he purchased various kinds of lumber, oak, ash and
pine from freighters who hauled from mills in. Bastrop County, most-
ly from Knowle's mill. He subsequently purchased Florida pine from
Hensley and Bros., at Lavaca. On Oct. 5, 1866, he bought out the stock
of lumber held by E. V. Hartz, and opened a lumber yard at the site
of the old S. A. Opera House on Alamo Plaza, just west of the Alamo
granary, which was demolished by order of Mayor Thielepape and the
City Council. By 1871 the Edward Steves Lumber Yard was the best
known here. Six years later, 1877, it was located near the raUroad
depot; Mr. Steves' office being west of the raUroad. Mr. Steves took
his sons into the business and in 1879 the firm name was changed to
Ed. Steves & Sons. The railroad greatly increased the busmess. This
firm now suppUed more than seventeen counties, west and north, and
even beyond the Rio Grande. From June 1878 to March 1879, the yard
received 456 car loads of lumber. In March 1881, a new office was be-
ing buUt near the Intemational Railroad. In 1882 Ed. Steves retired,
seUing the business to his three sons. In AprU 1883, a branch yard
was nearing completion at the corner of East Commerce St. and the
Sunset tracks. During the following year (1884), a price war with the
other lumber yards was on. Sam Maverick had started a lumber yard
on Alamo Plaza in 1875; and H. L. Degener and Charles Sommer open-
ed their Lumber Yard on Houston St., near the Vance Bldg. in August
1875. In November 1884, Ed. Steves, Jr. withdrew from the firm. In
1890 Ed. Steves & Sons advertised as dealers in "Lumber, Sash, Doors,
Blinds, and BuUding Material generaUy," with office and yard at the
I. & G. N. Depot, and Sunset RaUway Crossing, East Commerce St.
Their fiftieth anniversary was celebrated in March 1916.
Ed. Steves was appointed alderman by Gov. Davis, and served
from March 28, 1870 to Nov. 12, 1872. He was assistant fire chief un-
der Mr. McAllister, chief, of Fire Co. No. 2, 1877. Mr. Steves was a
pioneer in modernizing San Antonio. When the Steves Bldg. on the
Plaza was erected in July 1880, a number of "old Mexican shacks had
to be removed. Both plazas were changing their appearances, and
becoming modernized slowly, but surely." The foUowing year the City
CouncU accepted Ed. Steves' resolution to request the inhabitants of
King WilUam St. not to postpone the construction of sidewalks any
longer (Free Press, AprU 11, 1881).
Ed. Steves' death on April 20, 1890, took one of San Antonio's best
known, honored, esteemed, and wealthiest citizens. His speculations in
land made him a very wealthy man and it was rumored his fortune
was valued at one miUion doUars. His funeral took place April 21.
Honorary paUbearers were Messrs. Sartor, Moye, Hugo, Baetz, Heuer-
mann, Shook, Guenther, and Karl Groos. Active paUbearers were Hans
L. Degener, A. Wagner, A. Guenther, Charles Hummel, Ed. Dreiss, H.
Baetz, Ed. Elmendorf and H. D. Kampmann. The funeral procession
was led by the Fire Men's Band and a representative of the Fire De-
partment of which the deceased had been an honorary member. Col-
onel Upson deUvered an eulogy at the grave and the Beethoven Men's
Chorus sang two hymns. Resolutions of condolence were passed by the
Casino Club of which the deceased had been a member (Free Press,
AprU 21, 22, and May 3, 1890). Eduard Steves and Johanne had:
1 Edward, b. 1858; d. 1908; first sec'y. and treas. of the S. A. Electric Light Co.
("Free Press", Oct. 6, 1880) : in 1885, operated the "Steves Arms Co." a t 240
Commerce St., formerly the "Olsmith Arms Co." m. 1st, Julia Isabella Martin,
dau. of George Mortimer Martin and Martha Julia Merrick; she was b. Nov. 2,
1857; and was killed in a runaway accident; he m. 2nd, the wid. of Dr. Trexler:
S. P. By the 1st m . :
i Edward M., "Edu," m. Carrie Fink, parents of Johanna Belle (m. Jimmy
Dick Ansley), Edward, and Dorothy.
ii Ernst, "Chago," Major, U. S. A . ; b. Sept. 21, 1888; m. Nancy Elizabeth
Porter, of Penn., b. Aug. 28, 1890; by whom: Nancy Belle, b. Sept. 10. 1982.
iii Bertram, b. March 18, 1892; m. Julia Lellis, of N. Y. City, by whom: Julia
GERMANS 401
Belle and Alberta (Calhalla, N. Y.)

2 Albert, q. s.
3 Ernst, b. May 18, 1862; d. May 14, 1929: S. A. He was President of the Alamo
National Bank.
H. Albert (2) b. Sept. 21, 1860, on Cyprus Creek, about 12 mi.

northwest of Comfort, in Kerr Co. His family left there for New
Braunfels in 1865, and then Uved with the grandparents, Jacob and
Antoinette Gerbes and Henry Kloepper, until the spring of 1866, when
they moved to San Antonio, where his father had bought a home in
the rear of the Menger Hotel, from J. H. Kampmann, In the back yard
of this property, the father started a lumber yard, renting additional
space from Mr. Biesenbach. After a few months a new site was rent-
ed on Alamo St., the site of present Joske's Store, from Mr. StribUng.
The old home in back of the Menger, comer of Blum and Bonham
Streets, was enlarged, and the famUy continued to reside there untU
May 1868, when the terrible haU storm did so much damage in San
Antonio. Albert and Ed Eteves attended the German-English School,
1867-1868, and St. Mary's CoUege, from the fall of 1868 to 1874. m
August 1874 the three boys were sent to New Braunfels to Pastor
Schuchard, who had baptised them, for bible teaching; they were con-
firmed in the old Lutheran church on Seguin St., New Braunfels. The
foUowing month their mother took them north to contmue their
education. After a two days stage trip to Austin, they went by train
to Houston; then to St. Louis, Cincinnati by river boat to Huntington,
W. Va., then by train (Chesapeake and Ohio) to Goshen, Va., from
whence, by stage to Lexington, Va. Albert Steves matriculated in
Washmgton Lee University, G. W. C. Lee, son of General Robert E.
Lee, president. Albert Steves retumed to San Antonio in 1877, and
entered his father's busmess, Ed Steves, which was removed to Lamar
St., on the Sunset tracks, where it remained until the I. and G. N.
was buUt in 1881, when the busmess was moved to a location near the
I. and G. N. yards, where it remained until 1922. A new location for a
second yard was opened on East Commerce St. in 1883. In the faU of
1884 Albert and Emest Steves became the sole owners of Ed Steves
and Sons lumber business. "In 1904 Albert Steves, Sr. saw the pos-
sibUities in a special mUlwork factory and put up a smaU plant In
conjunction with the Sunset Yard of his company." The Uttle Coffee
MUl did so weU that it was made independent of the lumber yard in
1912. It was completely destroyed by fire on the night of Febmary 15,
1913. A new site was selected at Monterey and Medina Sts. where a
large two-story concrete buUding began operations October 5, 1913,
with Albert Steves, Sr., Pres. Albert Steves was the first poUce and
fire commissioner under the present commission form of govemment;
he was alderman at large under Mayor CaUaghan; and foUowing the
death of Mayor Jones, he was elected Mayor of San Antonio. Albert
Steves was the senior member of Ed. Steves & Son; he was president
of the S. A. Chamber of Commerce, succeeding Claude V. Birkhead,
1924; of the S. A. and Rio Grande Ry. of Mexico, of the Tampico &
Northem Ry of Mex., of the Jimulco Mining Co., Mex., of the Texas-
Mexico Mining Co., Mex., of the Southem Sash and Door Co., of
Albert and Ernest Steves, Inc., of the German-English School Ex-Students
(1934), and of the Yanaguana Society, organized for the publication
of San Antonio's early history. Albert Steves was Vice-Pres. of the
City National Bank and of the Texas Title Guaranty Co. He was a
member of the Casino, German-EngUsh School, Kiwanis Club, Elks,
Hoo Hoo (the National Lumbermens Organization), Tum Verein, S.
A. Schuetzen Verein, Order of Hermann Sons and Eagles. He was a
Director of the Alamo National Bank, of which his brother was pres-
ident. He was chairman of the Finance Committee, for the Texas
Centennial, 1935-36. Albert Steves d. June 10, 1936. William Aubrey,
Sr. said: "It is difficult, so soon after his passmg, to realize and ap-
preciate the loss his family and this community have sustained in the
death of Albert Steves. In the years to come the importance of this
event will be brought home to those who survive, who cherish his
memory and who will miss the aid and comfort so cheerfully bestowed
by this friend in need."
"Reared in this community and gifted with a kind and sympathetic
disposition, Mr. Steves became, early in Ufe, acquainted with the char-
acteristics, aims and aspirations of our people, sympathized with and
helped them in times of sickness and distress and inspired them, at
all times, v/ith hope for the future."
"He was deeply interested in the material prosperity of our com-
munity and its growth and increase on wise and conservative lines
of progress."
"In the conduct of his own business involving the employment of
many of our fellow-townsmen he vindicated the possibiUty of a busi-
ness success characterized by justice and Uberality on the part of
employer, and unswerving loyalty and fidelity to duty on the part
of employee."
"In his brief career as Mayor of our City, Mr. Steves acted as a
representative of the best interests of the community as a whole with-
out desire or intent to build up a political machine for his own ad-
vancement or for the benefit of favored cliques or individuals."
"Mr. Steves was honest in aU his deaUngs, pubUc and private, and
faithful in the performance of public and private duties, true to his
friends and just to those who opposed him."
"He was keenly interested in the history of our State and, espe-
cially, of our own City, amassed a splendid collection of works re-
flecting that history, fostered every effort to discover and preserve
the monuments of our antiquity, participated actively in the forma-
tion of societies devoted to historical research and among other asso-
ciations" was member and President of this Society, the Yanaguana.
"Mr. Steves was simple and unaffected in his personal habits, but
broad and liberal in his views, ever a true and constant lover of his
Country, his State and, most of aU, of the City of his home."
"A wise, kind and affectionate husband and father, Mr. Steves
died in the forefront of our citizenship, worthy buUder and preserver
GERMANS 403
of our community and a true friend of his fellow-citizens who now

lament his loss."
Albert Steves, Sr., m. July 28, 1883, Fanny, dau. of Joseph Baetz
and Margaret Schaefer, his wife. They had:
1 Albert, q. s.
2 Stella, b. April 1, 1885; m. Nov. 2, 1914, Ganahl, son of Edwin Anderson Walker
and Charlisa Ganahl:
i Margaret, b. Dec. 18, 1915-
ii Charles Ganahl, Jr., b. Dec. 8, 1917.
3 Walter, b. Dec. 22. 1890; d. Nov. 12, 1935; m. 1st, Dorothy, dau. of Colonel
Gonzales Bingham, U. S. A„ and Nettie Lynch; and after her d. (Nov. 16, 1926),
m. 2nd, Medda Mayer, S. P.
4 Edna, b. Aug. 13, 1895; m. Nov. 23, 1921, Curtis, son of George Vaughan and
Nelly Torrey:
i Elizabeth Jane, b. Nov. 19, 1922.
ii Curtis, Jr., b. May 9, 1927.
IH. Albert, Jr. (1), b. Sept. 21, 1884; m. Annie, dau. of Sam BeU
and Annie Tobin:
1 Albert, q. s.
2 Sam Bell, b. Feb. 16, 1910; m. Joan. dau. of Robert Emmet Cahill and his wife,
a dau. of Philip R. Welder of Beeville.
3 David Washington Pipes, b. Nov. 27, 1912; m. Mary Folbre (see Walthall):
i Mary.
ii David, Jr.
4 Walter, b. June 13, 1917.
5 Marshall Terrell, b. Feb. 25, 1922.
IV. Albert (1), b. Dec. 13, 1908; m. Katherine, dau. of Douglas
Muir and Annie McDonald:
V. Albert, b. Nov. 3, 1935.
The data presented in this sketch are taken from Albert Steves, "Memoranda and Notes.
Steves History," Ms.; "Story of Steves," Dec. 3, 1924; "Grinstead's Graphic," S. A.:
Yanaguana Society "Minutes," Ms.; and the local press.
The 1845 emigrants are listed in the "Jahrbuch, New-Braunfelser Zeitung", for 1936, on
p. 45 of which Ernst Gruene and wife Antonette, nee Kloepper, from Netze, Waldeck, are
listed on the ship "Margaretha," Sept. 1, 1845.
GRIESENBECK
Carl Griesenbeck was bom at settled in San Antonio. He was
Cleve in Rheinprussen, in 1829. cashier in the John Twohig Bank.
He was educated at the Gym- He dissolved partnership with L.
nasium. He studied the stationers' Zork, and continued in business
business in the Cotte-Schen House by himself in January 1869. He
in Stuttgart. He landed in Gal- was agent for the North German
veston, Dec. 6, 1849, having cross- Lloyd Steamship Co. (1884); and
ed from Bremen in the sail boat for the Germania Life Ins. Co.
Franciska, on which were Dr. He became extensively engaged
Hertzberg, and Mr. Kapp, the in buying and selling cotton, and
Gymnasium teacher. Mr. Griesen- in 1887 founded his own firm,
beck proceeded to New Braunfels which, owing to his good relations
where he remained a short while in Mexico, prospered. He was pres-
on the Meusebach farm. He then ident of the German-EngUsh
went to Sisterdale. In 1850 he re- School in 1876, and of the Casino
turned to New Braunfels. He work- Society in 1877; and of the Ger-
ed for the postal service; and was man-English School again in 1880.
subsequently clerk in a store. Dur- By his 1st m. he had 3 sons and
ing the CivU War he was in 1 dau.; by his 2nd m. wrth^WU-
Mexico. In 1866 he returned and helmina Boeckei he hr
1 Hugo, m. July 1891, Lulu McAllister: m. 1848; parents of George R-, Henry
i Clyde Hugo. b. Aug. 16, 1892; H . Louis D. Stumberg. and Mrs. D.
m. Mary Gray, dau. of C. A. Gray A. Livingston, Mrs. John B. Albright,
(Cisco, T e x . ) : Clyde Alexander, and Mrs F . W. McAllister, above.
b. 1917 and Mary Louise. i Walter, of the S. A. Building &
ii Carlos, 'Tim," m. Mary Ursula Loan Ass'n; m. Leonora Alex-
Small (William and Margaret ander, of Dallas: Walter W., Jr.,
O'Brien): Margaret Ursula and and Gerald N.
Timothy R. 2 Anna, m. Gabriel Katzenberger, con-
2 Bertha, m. Thomas Morgan Watling- ductor of the Beethoven Maennerchor,
t o n : Fanny (m. an officer in the U. succeeded by Karl Beck, of New Or-
- S. A . ) ; and 2 sons (Denver). leans, in May 1884.
3 Emmy, m. 1st, Mr. Scudder: m. 2nd, i George, m. Marie Welter: Gab-
H. 6 . Adams, J r . (Dallas). riella (Chicago).
4 Baldwin, d. 3 Samuels Joseph, m. Ida Haueisen:
5 Eugene, m. (California). i Fred, m. Clara Dietzel: Clara
Louise,
ii Milton, m. Irma Elmendorf.
MCALLISTER iii Gilbert, m. Cora.
4 Edward Braden, m. Sophie Santleben:
Samuels WiUiam McAlUster, b. i Ed. B.
ii Samuels.
in DanvUle, Ky., AprU 8, 1831. "The iii Claud.
iv Augustin, d. y.
spirit of adventure induced him v Sophie.
to leave the parental home for 5 Mary, m. Edwin Podewils:
i Lilly, m. Mr. Gembler.
San Antonio in 1847. Entered com- ii Edna, m. William Gembler, her
mercial life, served in Confederate brother-in-law.
iii Stella, m. Guy Reives.
Army during the CivU War. Serv- iv Edwin, m. Hilda Voigt.
ed as Justice of the Peace, Judge v Alvina, m. Rudolph Hogan.
vi Lulu, m. Hugo Griesenbeck.
of the Corporation Court, Bexar The writer is obliged to Mrs. McAllister
(nee Stumberg) for the data in this sketch.
County." He "was a builder, was Her letter of April. 15, 1937 is quoted.
a captain of the Alamo Rifles at
the outbreak of the CivU War... HERTZBERG
The famUy were aU musicians and Dr. Theodore Hertzberg settled
formed an orchestra among their in San Antonio in 1853; he was
own members exclusively," says a prominent RepubUcan, being re-
Barnes (p. 239). He d. in San Anto- commended to President General
nio, May 18,1893. He m. Mary Brad- Harrison for Consular appoint-
en, b. Feb. 2, 1838 in Bingen, Ger- ment, 1889. His having received a
many; came to Texas with her wild tiger from Nicaragua by the
parents (Joseph and Barbara), WeUs Fargo Co. caused quite a
brothers and sisters, in 1847; lo- stir in February 1891. He m. Emilie
cated first in Houston; three years Grothaus. They had:
later in San Antonio; she d. in 1 Edward, the doctor, m. Helen Schenk.
2 Emmy, teacher of foreign languages.
San Antonio, April 20, 1920. Sam- 3 Hans.
uels Wm. and Mary had:
1 Frank William, m. Apr. 25, 1888, Lena
ELMENDORF
Stumberg, dau. of H. D. Stumberg. b.
in Hanover, Germany, Nov. 9. 1818; Franz Heinrich von Elmendorff
emigrated to America alone at the age and his wife Johanna Catharina
of 16 years; spent 5 years in Mo.
and L a . ; came to Texas in 1839, locat- Rhans, of Wesel, Germany, had
ing in San Antonio; established a food
shop on Acequia St., engaged a first two sons and four daughters:
class German baker, and prospered; 1 Carl, q. s.
remained a merchant; invested large- 2 Edward, d. 1865; m. Emilie Schleyer:
ly in real estate; retired in his early S. P .
50's; held no public office other than 3 Catherine, m. 1st, Julius Wefing (d.
alderman; was an organizer of Vol- 1866):
unteer Fire Department, Co. No. 2 ; i Otto, m. Eugenia Goulon.
he d. in San Antonio. March 26. 1887; ii Johanna, m. Fred Wefing.
he m. Dora Elizabeth Hiener. b. in iii Elisa, m. Max Bardenwerper.
Cassel. Germany. Sept. 2. 1826; iv Louis, m. Lulu Smith: P .
B with her uncle in 1844; v Amelia, m. John McGee.
GERMANS 405
m. 2nd, Jesus Hernandez. they had: Ernst, John and WiUiam. She
4 Marie, m. Carl Schmidt, an officer m. 3rd, Carl Bardenwerper, from Braun-
in the German army; she came to schweig, who settled in Pennsylvania and
America a widow: came to Texas in 1856 (New Ency. of
i Carl. Tex., Ill, 1861) by whom she had Max
ii Edward, m- Pauline Bauer: P . and Hedwig. Max, b. in New Braunfels,
(Eagle Pass). Jan- 16, 1856, m. in San Antonio, Feb.
iii Frances, m. Thomas Leighton, by 1882, Elisa Wefing, by whom: Minnie (m.
whom: Thomas (m. Gertrude Reuben Cameron: Maxine, b. 1923), and
Dwyer, parents of Thomas, Sam, Adeline.
Gertrude and Frances), Ed. (m.
Addie Lockwood, dau. of Ar-
Carl Elmendorf m. 2nd, in Ger-
thur and his wife, sister of John many, Amalia Rochs, by whom:
Stevens), and Harriet, (m. Dr. 2 Henry, Director of the Building &
Ira E. Durant). Loan Ass'n. 1881; and promoter and
5 Elisa, came to Texas as the widow Pres. of the crosstown "Lake View
of John Braun, of Westphalia: Rapid Transit Co. of San Antonio;"
i Emilie, m. Carl Mueller, by whom: mayor of the City of San Antonio,
Emilie (m. Leopold Simon: Leo- 1894-1897, elected by 4,883 votes, a
pold and Emilie), Elizabeth (m. majority of 993, over Callaghan. Henry
Charlee Rossy: Hubert, Alva and Elmendorf m. Emilie Baetz, sister of
Charlotte)).. Henrietta (m. 1st, Mrs. Albert Steves; their home was
Peter Schram: Elmer and A r t h u r; north of, and adjoining the Gries-
m. 2nd, John Saylor; m. 3rd, enbeck home on South Alamo St.,
Walter Clark), Lucile (m. Ernest facing Adams St. (both still stand-
Scribner: Ernest, J r . ) , and Min- ing). Henry and Emilie had:
nie (m. Harold Schramm: Emly, i Helen, m. Louis Dreiss.
m. James Floyd Atkinson: Thalia). ii Ed., doctor, m. a sister of Camil-
ii Henrietta, m. Otto Boemer, by le Lodovic Hernandez, they ad-
whom: Henrietta (m. Oscar opted a son and a daughter.
Holekamp: Otto George, m. Edna iii "Heino," d. y.
Applewhite, and had Edna, Hen- iv Erna, m. Milton McAllister.
rietta, Nanette and J a c k ; and, v Cedric.
Elizabeth). 3 Emil, m. Emilie Heilig. sister of Thus-
iii Henry, m. Lina Buckner, by nelda (m. Henry Baetz, brother of
whom: Paul and Emmy. Mrs. Steves) and Laura (m. Louis
6 Henrietta, d. in Germany; m. Carl Diezel), daughters of Franz Xavier
Gloetzel: Heilig, native of Maes Kirch, Bavaria;
i Johanna, who came to Texas educated at Heidelberg; landed in New
with Carl Elmendorf; m. George York in 1849, where he m. Mary Eve
Kalteyer. Psaender, and joined the U. S. A. as
musician in the band. After service
I Carl Elmendorf (1), b. Wesel on in Texas posts, he came to San Anto-
nit in 1850. and was under bandmas-
Rhine, May 5, 1820; d. in San ter Quintana. He was a very thorough
musician, and early teacher of music
Antonio, February 4, 1878; an in San Antonio. His string orchestra
1844 settler in New Braufels; his afforded much pleasure in the 70's.
Emil Elmendorf and Emilie had:
firm, Elmendorf & Co., was one of i Charles, b. Oct- 6, 1873; m.
the most prominent wholesale and Mimmie Barbeck. by whom: Edna
(m. Melvin F. Burns: 2 sons).
retail hardware establishments in ii Gus E., b. Sept. 3, 1875; d. m,
Texas; a branch was opened on Julia; lived in Marfa, Texas:
Texas: Gus, J r . (father of Bet-
Alamo Plaza in May, 1877; the ty), Dick, Gene, Oscar (father
three-story building on MUitary of Ann), Harry, Zela, and
Florine.
Plaza was constructed in 1890. iii Emmy, m. Walter JenuII. by
whom: Millie (m. Richard Jochim
Carl Elmendorf was a director of sen: Frank Richard), and Frank
the Western Life, Fire, and Ma- (m. Virginia Carr: Mary Vir-
ginia) .
rine Ins. Co. in 1870. He m. 1st. iv Frank, m. Annie Keller, wid. of
Wilhelmina Kuemmel, of Dussel- Mr. Rogers, by whom: Gretchen,
m. (EI Paso).
dorff, by whom: v Louis.
vi Emil, m. Mary Hoppe, by whom:
1 Carl, father of: Emil (m. Clarisa Keller), Ed-
i Emma, m. a Tolle of New Braun- ward, and Margaret (m. Leroy
fels: Leon, m. Lillian Abbolt of P a t t e n : Leroy, J r . ) .
San Antonio. Thomas A. Abbott, vii Mary. m. Miles Carter, by
m. Aug. 1879, Johanna, dau. of whom: Hugo Charles, and Jack
Aug. Heiligmann and Johanna Edwin.
Oberkampf, active members of viii Hugo Frederick, m. 1st, Heda
St. John's Lutheran Church, 1860. Moureau, daughter of Arnold (m.
Wilhelmina Kuemmel, div. from Carl Lazara Valenzuela), son of Carl
Elmendorf, m. 2nd, Mr. Kellner, and (m. Hedwig Otto), son of Joseph
and Caroline Ebhardt; Hugo and iii Tom, father of Thomas Edward
and Heda had: Joan Louise, and and a daughter who was living in
Hugo, Jr. Hugo m. 2nd, Caroline Galveston.
Moureau, Heda's sister, by whom: 5 Emma, d. Oct. 19, 1880; ra. Albert
Robert and Ernest. Lanterborn, from Bonn, Ger-
ix Two daughters, d. y. many:
4 Edward, architect; studied in Ger- i Emmy, m. Eugene M. Francis.
many ; m. Mary Staffel, sis. of Em- 6 Mary. m. Dec. 1884, Benno Engelke,
my (m. Harry Trebus), daughters of jeweler, succeeded by E. Hertzberg in
Heino Staffel by his wife, a daughter April 1879. Mary and Benno had:
of Dr. Peter William Leopold Wueste.
by his wife, Louise Heuser (1803-1S75), i Edgar, m. Emmy Schultze.
the artist (see Yanaguana Soc. "Cat- ii Albert George, m. Sarah, daugh-
alogue of Old S. A. Paintings," 1933). ter of Dr. Frederick Terrell, by
Edward Elmendorf and Mary had: whom: Marion and Albert George.
i Stella, m. Mr. Tylor, by whom: Jr.
Elizabeth (Chicago), 7 Emilie. m. Dr. William Netter:
ii Armin. i Emily, librarian.
WURZBACH
Baron Karl Wurzbach von Tannenberg
was the head of the family in Europe,
country before moving his fam-
1809-1886. The history of this family is ily. He was employed by the Fisch-
given in Vol. 59 of Wurzbach'; "Biogra-
phiches Lexikon des Kaisertums Oester- er and Mueller Colony and did not
reich," Vienna, 1855-1891. Dr. Wolfgang
Wurzbach, Ritter von Tannenberg, Jofrat
return to Galveston for some
and University professor, in a letter dat- time. He and his family finaUy
ed Vienna, Aug. 5, 1031, states that the took ship to Indian Point, where
Wurzbach family of Texas are descend-
ed from John Jonathan Wurzbach of they joined the emigrants to Fred-
Mannheim, through Franz Justus, Jus -
tus Daniel or Jacob Wurzbach. ericksburg, Mr. Wurzbach being
"During the Thirty Years War, there
were two brothers of the family. One es-
placed in command of the party.
poused the Catholic, and the other the They made the long trip with ox
Protestant cause. The Trotestant was teams, arriving in Fredericksburg
deprived of his titles and vast estates,
and they were conferred upon his brother. in the latter part of 1846. When
Thereupon the champion of the Protestant
cause removed to the Rheinish pro- they got to New Braunfels, one
vinces, where, among friends, he might
be secure from further persecution."
man's wife died, and the next
From this branch was descended John morning when crossing the river,
Jonathan Wurzbach, public teacher in
Mannheim, 1789. the man threw her corpse into
1. Jacob Daniel Wurzbach, native the water, leaving it to float down
of Mannheim, Baden, was the first the stream. Mrs. Wurzbach d. in
engineer who carried a steamboat Fredericksburg in 1847. Jacob
from the lower to the upper Wurzbach decided to return to
Rhine. He was a civil engineer Germany, but just as he was ready
for the German Emigration So- to sail at Indian Point, a big
ciety. He m. Louisa Schindler, storm came up and the fathr
daughter of an eminent Protest- shook his head and said they
ant minister in Saxony, whose would go back to San Antonio.
ancestors for (generations were This was in 1849. Jacob Wurzbach
Protestant divines. The Wurzbach was for 28 years superintendant
family (they had two sons, both of the irrigation system of San
b. at Mannheim), arrived at Gal- Antonio, when he opened the old
veston Feb. 14, 1844. Mrs. Wurz- Spanish acequias and perfected
bach did not like living in Gal- the system. He died in April, 1879,
veston, so Mr. Wurzbach proceed- aged 75 years. He was "a man of
ed to the mainland to see the public spirit and private virtue."
GERMANS 407
He m. 2nd, Josephine Uhl. By the v H e n r y A u g u s t u s , d. y.

vi Levi, m . L o t t i e B r a h m : p a r e n t s
1st m. he had: of: Dolly, Roy, Lela, M a r s h a l l .
1 Charles L o u i s , q. s. d. y., D e l m a r , Goldie, J a c k , a n d
2 Emil F r i e d r i c h , b. J a n . 6, 1 8 3 8 ; d. i a Lottie.
S a n A n t o n i o . April 8, 1930. L a t e i n vii George, m . Sophie S a h m ; pa-
t h e fall of 1847 he joined M a j o r N e i g h - r e n t s of: A r t h u r ( m . I d a L u x :
bors a n d w o r k e d on h i s f a r m on t h e A r t i s ) ; Oliver (m. Lois M e t k n e r :
Salado. n e a r San A n t o n i o . H e did n o t Reagan); Annie Laurry (m.
r e m a i n l o n g , b u t r a n a w a y to S a n Charles A n d e r s o n : S. P . ) : George,
Antonio, w h e r e he h a d t o h u n t a long S. A . ; Archibald (m. Leola W i i -
t i m e t o f i n d a p l a ce t o s t a y a s h e m a n n : Kenneth); and Joe. m . :
h a d n o m o n e y . A t last, h e w a s t a k e n S. P .
in by M r s . Guenther, who kept a viii F a n n y : S. A . ; w h o has the
boarding house on M a i n , n o w Com- "Memoirs."
m e r c e St., who w a s very kind t o ix Alex, m . B e r t h a K l e i n ; p a r e n t s
h i m , a n d g o t him a place n e x t d a y of: M a t i l d a .
w i t h a M r . M a n a , w h o w a n t e d a boy x J u n i e t t a , m . 1st, Adolph T h e i s :
t o lear n t h e saddlery t r a d e . B u t a g a i n . S. P . ; m . 2nd, B u r n s C l a r e , p a -
Emil did n o t r e m a i n very long. He r e n t s of F r e d d ie J u n e .
proceeded t o Austin on foot, w h e r e xi Fred, d. S. A.
h e a r r i v e d d u r i n g t h e s p r i n g of 1848. xii Polly A n n , d. y.
Emil described S. A. a s it looked t o By his 2nd wife J a c o b D. h a d :
him in t h o s e early d a y s : " T h e r e w a s a 3 Emilie, m . Fritz Wagenfeuhr (St.
long r o w of dobie, f l a t roofed buildings John's Lutheran Church).
r u n n i n g f r o m w h e r e t h e P o s t Office 4 K l a r a , b a p t . M a r c h 26, 1869, s p o n s o r s :
n o w is, t h e Grand O p e r a House, from Gustav a n d C l a r a UIil.
t h e r e close t o t h e A l a m o Church, a n d 5 William, m . 1st. E d n a M a v e r : S. P . ;
g r a s s a n d p e a r g r o w i n g on t h e t o p m . 2nd, T r a c y (she m . 2nd, M r . M a n -
of t h e houses, all a l o n g t h e b a n k of d r y : S. P . ) , by w h o m :
t h e r i v e r t h e r e w e r e Mexican H u t s i J a c o b , m . Lilly A r c h b a c h e r : a
covered w i t h g r a s s . W h a t is now E . son (St. Louis, Mo.).
Commerce St., w a s a L a k e of w a t e r
w i t h t w o rows of cottonwood t r e e s LI. Charles Louis (1), b. Nov. 24,
a s f a r a s t h e A l a mo Ditch.
w e r e b u t few houses on t h e E . side
There 1835; d. 1892. Arrived with his pa-
of t h e r i v e r . W h a t is n o w W. Com- rents and brother Emil at Galves-
m e r c e St., w a s v e r y n a r r o w a n d all ton after a voyage of 117 days,
small houses, t h e m o s t of t h e m f l a t
a n d g r a s s roofs a n d p e a r h a n g i n g Feb. 14, 1844; witnessed the flood
into the s t r e e t ; the tw o Plazas were
surrounded by t h e s a m e k i n d of houses, the foUowing year, when an ocean
except S a n F e r n a n d o Mission ( s i c ) .
M a r k e t S t . w a s a low s e t of houses,
steamer anchored where the Gal-
there was nothing but gambling veston Market House was later
houses a n d coffee s t a n d s t h e r e ; n e a r -
ly every m o r n i n g t h a t I h a d t o go t o constructed; attended school in
t h e M a r k e t House I would see from Austin, where his father moved
t w o to t h r e e dead m e n w h o were kill-
ed t h e n i g h t before, a n d I saw I n - after his mother's d., 1847; enter-
dians c a m p e d on t h e P l a z a s . T h a t w a s
in t h e y e a r 1849."
ed service at Port Graham, on the
Brazos, about 100 mi. from Aus-
In 1851 Emil accompanied w a g o n -
m a s t e r H a r r i s to Corpus Christi, w h e r e tin; served as assistant to the ad-
h e r e m a i n e d for 3 y e a r s , d r i v i n g t e a m s
t o Brownsville a n d a s f a r u p a s EI
jutant general of Sibley's brigade
Paso. H e was present a t the estab- during the campaign in New Mex-
lishing of F t . Davis by General S m i t h .
H e r e t u r n e d to S a n A n t o n i o in 1854.
ico and Louisiana, and was then
H e joined t h e r a n g e r s e r v i c e ; t h e n transferred to the staff of Gen.
drove t e a m s for t h e Government, w h i c h
took him over g r e a t e x p a n s es of t e r - J. M. Hawes, and served until the
ritory. H e is the a u t h o r of t h c " M e m -
o i r s " published by t h e Yanaguana
end of the war as aid-de-camp
Society, 1937, Publication III. m. and flag-of-truce officer in the
M a r c h 15, 1860, M a t i l d a Stowe, b y defense of Galveston. "After the
whom:
i C h a r l e s Daniel, d. y. war he studied law in the office
ii W i l l i a m Emil, m . Docia E d e n s of Lindsay and Teichmueller, at
( M a g n a . U t a h ) ; p a r e n t s of: H u g h
( m . : 2 d a u g h t e r s ) ; L a u r a , d. La Grange; was admitted to the
y . ; W a l t e r , d. y. a n d Murl ( m . :
S. P . ) . bar in 1870, and in 1872 was elect-
iii M a r y A n n , m . F r i t z H a a s ; p a -
r e n t s of: Hedwig (m. Robert M.
ed city attorney of San Antonio,
L o w t h e r : Lillian) a n d Hulda, d . : and served in that capacity until
S. P .
iv J o h n Dallas, d. y. 1875. During his term of office he
compUed and codified the ordin- ii E m i l y , m . R o b e r t M e c k l e r : 3 ch .

iii W i l l i a m A u g . , J r . , g r a d . of A .
ances of the city He repre- and M . ; m. Marguerite Stroeck:
sented Bexar County in the 15th, S. A .
3 K a t h e r i n e m . H e n r y C. S c h u h m a c h e r ,
16th, 17th, and 18th, Legislatures; of H o u s t o n , b y w h o m :
i John, m. Paula Holland: Jeanine
then served three terms as county and John.
judge, and in 1890 was elected to ii H a r r y , m . R u t h T u c k e r : N a n c y .
4 Henry McLeary, d. N o v . 1 9 3 1 ; m .
the 22nd Legislature from the 86th Darden W a g n e r , of Columbus, T e x a s :
Representative district, Bexar S. P . H e w a s b- in S a n A n t o n i o , M a y
19, 1874; a n d b a p t i s e d a t S t . J o h n ' s
County." He was a member of the L u t h e r a n Church, J u n e 2 1 , 1 8 7 4 ; a t -
Lutheran Church, Knights of tended
grad. from the
the German-English School;
S. A . H i g h School
Honor, Knights of Pythias, and (Main A v e n u e ) in 1 8 9 3 ; a n d from
W a s h i n g t o n a n d L e e U n i v e r s i t y , 1896,
Knights and Ladies of Honor. His in l a w ; elected c o u n t y a t t o r n e y , 1900,
portrait is reproduced in L. E. 1904-6-8-10; c o u n t y j u d g e (Guadalupe
County) ; delegate a t large. Repub-
Daniel's Personnel of the Texas lican N a t i o n a l Convention, 1 9 2 4 ; v e t -
State Govemment, S. A., 1892. e r a n of S p a n i s h A m e r i c a n W a r ; elect-
ed t o t h e 67th Congress of t h e U . S.
Charles Louis Wurzbach m. Nov. A., Nov. 2, 1920; reelected t o t h e 68th
12, 1866, Katherine Fink, of La C o n g . ; 69th. by a m a j o r i t y of 12,282;
t h i r d Republica n C o n g r e s s m a n elect-
Grange, Texas. They had: ed from T e x a s since its admission t o
1 Charles John, m . Cora Perkeiwicz: t h e U n i o n i n 1845, a n d only R e p u b -
lican for m o r e t h a n t w o t e r m s ; r e -
i C a r l C , b . 1 8 9 3 ; b e g a n his legal elected t o t h e 70th 71st, a n d 72nd
c a r e e r in 1 9 1 5 ; associated w i t h Congresses.—Letter from H a r r y L.
W m . A . W u r z b a c h for about o n e H a b e r k o r n , Sec'y, d a t e d Oct. 30, 1931,
year, w h en h e w a s appointed a n d Congressional Directory , 3rd Sess.,
Counsel for t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s Gov. 71 Cong., J a n . 1931, p . 114.
e r n m e n t , in S a n A n t o n i o ; com-
missioned a l i e u t e n a n t in t h e A i r 5 George C o n s t a n c e . b . Oct. 4, 1877;
Service, 1918; resumed law •prac- bapt. Dec. 26. 1877, S t . J o h n ' s L u t h .
tice, associated w i t h H o n . H a r r y C h . ; d. A p r i l 7, 1937; m . J a n . 14,
W u r z b a c h , a n d Hon , A. J . W i r t z , 1903. M a r i e M a u e r m a n n . b . Dee. 3,
S t a t e S e n a t o r. H e h a s o n e d a u g h - 1882; d a u . of Gus ( m . E l l a Mitchell) ,
ter, Emerette Ballard. son of B e r n a r d M a u e r m a n n ( m . M a r i e
B u r z a ) , w h o c a m e t o S a n A n t o n i o in
ii V e r a , m . E d. G e m b l e r : S. P . about 1848 and w a s associated in
iii C l a r a , m . H a r o l d E n g e l h a r d t : 3 business w i t h C h a r l e s H u m m e l . Ella
ch. Mitchell (d. Oct. 20. 1936) w a s t h e
2 William Aug. b. a t La Grange, Texas. dau. of H i r a m (son of A s a a n d E m i l y
M a r c h 11, 1869. b a p t . , St. J o h n ' s L u t h . Brisbane) a n d L a u r a , dau . of H a r -
Ch., S a n A n t o n i o , Dec. 25, 1871. H e rison P r e s n a l a n d S u s a n A p p l e w h i t e ,
w a s a student a t the Southwestern dau. of T h o m a s by his 1st wife, Rachel
U n i v e r s i t y of Georgetown . H e l a t e r Nixon. T h o m a s A p p l e w h i t e b y h i s 2nd
e n t e r e d t h e A . a n d M. w h e r e he r e - wife, E l i z a b e t h Oglesby, h a d a son
ceived a degree in Technology in 1888. J a m e s , w h o m , F a n n i e Grayson, d a u .
H e t h e n became a s t u d e n t of t h e U n i - of Capt. Thomas W. Grayson, of
v e r s i t y of Texas , w h e r e h e g r a d u a t e d "Yellowstone" renown, and Tabitha
w i t h a n L . L. B . degree in 1890. H e Childress, James and F a n n i e being
immediately s t a r t e d t h e p r a c t i c e of l a w t h e p a r e n t s of Leita, Custodian of t h e
in S a n A n t o n i o . H e l a t e r became a n Alamo, w h o m . A u g u s t Small by w h o m
associate of C. A . Goeth. H e t h e n b e - she h a d a son a n d t h r e e d a u g h t e r s .
c a m e a p a r t n e r of h i s b r o t h e r , H a r r y , Dr. George W u r z b a c h a n d M a r i e h a d
a n d r e m a i n e d w i t h h i m u n t i l he w a s a n only d a u g h t e r :
elected t o Congress. " H e t h e n became
associated w i t h R i c h a r d W a t k i n s . a n d i E l l a J a n e . b . S e p t . 20, 1910: S. A.
r e m a i n e d in this p a r t n e r s h i p u n t i l h e 6 Lily, m. D r . R o b e rt D i n w i d d i e :
w a s elected t o t h e L e g i s l a t u r e . " M r . i H a r d a w a y : S. A .
W u r z b a c h served in t h e 24th Legis- ii R o b e r t : S. A .
l a t u r e of Texas , w i t h m u c h distinc- iii K a t h e r i n e A d a , m . P a r k H o u s -
t i o n . H e w a s a d i r e c t o r of t h e A. a n d ton : K a t h e r i n e , M a r i a n J e a n , a n d
M. College, a n d P r e s i d e n t of t h e I n - M a r y Elizabeth .
t e r n a t i o n a l Exposition ( S a n A n t o n i o ) . iv F r a n c e s Elizabeth , m . Gail E .
H e w a s t h e senior m e m b e r of t h e l a w Goodloe: M a r c i a Lee.
f i r m of W u r z b a c h , S t o n e f I r v i n R. "j 7 Alma, m . V i c t o r Beze (Los Angeles.
a n d Mulle r fHotwell J."| and was Cal.):
County Judge (Bexar County). Wil- i Victor,
liam A. Wurzbach m a r r i e d in S a n ii N o r m a n .
Antonio, October 11, 1893, Emily 8 Martha, m. Dr. John Binkley:
Schmeltzer (see) ; t h e y h a d : i Jack (Santiago, Cal.).
i E l e a n o r , m . H a r t w e l l K e a n a r d , of 9 Norma, m. Dr. Joe Eckhardt ( A u s t i n ) :
Gonzales: 3 ch. i Robert.
GERMANS 409
ii Victor. L. E. Daniel's "Personnel of the Texas

iii Norman. State Government," San Antonio, 1892;
Family records, including the "Life and and the "New Ency. of Texas," Dallas,
Memories" of Emil Wurzbach, Ms.; "Bio* 1931 (I, 377 and 405), were used in pre-
graphical Ency., Texas," New York, 1880, paring this sketch.
MENGER
I. WUUam A. Menger, son of 1879. An extension was nearing
John Menger, was born in Wind- completion in December 1881, when
ecken bei Hanau, Kurhessen, Ger- t h e hotel was leased to Colonel
many, March 15, 1827; he d. in Hurd and Mr. Davis, t h e latter
San Antonio, March 18, 1871. He having been manager of the Bing-
was a cooper and a brewer. He ham House in Philadelphia.
traveled extensively in Europe pre- Mr. Menger was also Captain of
vious to his emigration to Amer- the Volunteer Fire Department.
ica in 1847. WUliam A. Menger He purchased San Antonio's first
buUt the first brewery i n San An- steam fire-engine in New York.
tonio, and Ukely the first in Tex- I t was brought from t h e raUroad
as, in 1855. The hops and malt terminal near Columbus, Texas,
were brought from New York to by ox team. Mr. Menger was vice-
Indianola, then overland to San president of the St. Joseph Club
Antonio by wagon. "Menger Beer" in 1878.
soon became very well known. By In 1851 WiUiam A. Menger m.
1876 there were five breweries in Mrs. Mary Baumschlueter Guen-
San Antonio, one being built tha t ther. She came from Germany in
year, near San Pedro Springs. In 1846, aged 28 years, with her
1878 it was claimed t h a t Mara-
mother, Mrs. Anna Baumschlueter,
poium, a wild plant in these parts,
a widow, aged 62 years. They saU-
was used for brewing as well as
ed from Bremen or Hamburg, on
for medical purposes.
a freight schooner bound for Gal-
On October 27, 1857, Mr. Men- veston. They encountered a severe
ger contracted with J. H. Kamp- storm, and were obliged to put in
mann for the construction of the a t Liverpool for repairs. In Gal-
Menger Hotel. It was opened the veston they had to wait ten days
following year. The sum involved in making a safe landing across
was $15,712.00 for work and ma- the bar. From there they took a
terials. A subsequent agreement small boat up the Buffalo Bayou
was entered into with Mr. Kamp- to Harrisburg, or to approximately
mann for a $20,166.00 building, the site of the present port of
on the north side of Blum St., be- Houston. There they camped, for
tween the "New Hotel" and the two weeks, awaiting a conveyance
brewery, both belonging to Wil- to proceed to San Antonio. This
Uam A. Menger. Jacob Waelder trip overland took them six weeks,
signed the instrument, as witness with ox team. William and Mary
(R-2, 509 and 593). I n January had:
1878 the Menger Hotel was crowd- 1 Louis William, q. s.
ed, with 165 guests. Machines for 2 Mary, b. Dec. 18, 1854; d. July «,
1856.
manufacturing their own gas, for 3 Peter Gustav, b. July 31, 1857; d. July
100 lights, were installed in March 1914; m. Ida Nocker:
i Mary.
I
ii Gus. Menger. The information regarding the

iii Edith, Simon Menger family is taken from the
iv Fred. "New Encyclopaedia of Texas," I, 657
4 Catherine Barbara, b. in the Menger and III, 1555.
Hotel, May 19. 1860; m. Sept. 16, 1879,
Dr. Rudolph Menger, b. in San Anto-
nio, April 21, 1851, son of Simon Men- DEGEN
ger and Augusta Louisa, and brother
of Erick, who m. Maria Philippi, at The following obituary is from the "Ex-
St. John's Lutheran Church; and press" (Feb. 8. 1912):
August, who d. in Houston in 1893. Charles Philip Desren. one of San An-
Simon Menger and his wife Augusta tonio's pioneer and widely known citizens
Louisa were both natives of Thuringia, and famed as the owner of the "One Mans
Germany. They came to Texas in lb>46, Brewery" died this morning at 1:30
via Indianola, settling in Comal Coun- o'clock.
ty, with a farm near New Braunfels. On Jan. 14 last Mr. Degen reached his
Some years later Simon Menger con- 87th year, and almost to the end of his
ducted a musical school in Bexar Coun- eventful life he was active.
ty. "S. Menger & Sons," soap fac- Three weeks ago he was confined to his
tory, established in 1850, was a pioneer bed and dissolution came gradually. The
industrial undertaking in San Anto- end was very peaceful. The arrangements
nio (Free Press, June 14, 1876). It was for the funeral which will be held from
equipped with "the latest labor sav- the family residence 348 E. Crockett St.
ing devices." The boiling of the soap will be completed some time today.
was done with steam kettles and the Born in Manheim. Germany Mr. Degen
output was 40,000 lbs. per week. Simon emigrated to the United States in early
Menger d. in 1892, aged 82 years. manhood. He reached San Antonio in 1850
Dr. Rudolph Menger attended the r t which time he was in his 25th year. He
German-English School. He clerked at first settled on the Medina River above
Kalteyer's Drug Store; and then at- Castroville where he en traced in farming
tended the University at Leipsig, where two years there after he left Texas for
he studied medicine, and received a M. California making the trip over land.
D. Degree in November 1874. He serv- Reaching the west he worked for a long
ed as assistant surgeon in the U. S. time in the mines and then decided to
A. He was city physician in San An- start for South America. This he did but
tonio until 1881, and again until 1892. after a short residence there returned to
He was elected a vice-president of the the United States returning to Texas by
"Texas Museum. Scientific and Literary wav of Panama.
Association." at its organization, in Upon his return he eneaged in the oc-
Scholz Garden. April 29-30. 1884. He cupation that he followed to the end. It
d. March 17, 1921. was in 1856 that he took charge of the
Catherine and Rudolph had: Menger Brewery then located where the
i Minnie, m. 1st. William R. Hoff- Mencer Hotel now stands.
man ; m. 2nd, Dr. William J. He remained with the Men cer Brewery
Schlosser. until 1878 when he embarked in business
ii Edward, for him-self and built the brewery on Blum
iii August, St.. which stands as his monument today
iv Louis. and in which the purest beer in the Unit-
v Gustav P.. b. in San Antonio. ed States has been brewed, according to
Sept. 20. 1889: a third degree of the official reports of the Federal De-
the Knights of Columbus; m. in partment of Agriculture.
San Antonio. Nov. 15. 1917, Ros*» Tt was in this brewery he manifested so
Lee Crowther. daughter of Bart much pride and his quaint establishment
Crowther; parents of Albert Gus. has been the mecca of all of the visitors
b. Sept. 28. 1918; Barbara Ann, in San Antonio.. Everv San Antonian
b. Jan. 26. 1921;: and Mary Mar- knows the brewery within it's walls there
garet and Rose Marie, twins, b. has frequently been the gathering of San
March 14, 1925. Antonio's best German element and a
vi Rudolph, great host of other substantial folks.
vii Theodore,
viii Margaret: S. A. Mr. Derren has been active in much that
redounded for the good of tbe city. He
II. Louis William (1), founder of was the oldest of the volunteer firemen
the Southern Messenger, "the of- !>nd had been an Odd Fellow for 58 years,
heincr a charter member of Bexar Encamp-
ficial Catholic newspaper of Tex- ment No. 1.
He was a member of the Beethoven
as," d. Nov. 9, 1919; m. Bemardine "âennerchor, also of the San Antonio
Boelhauwe, by whom, 10 ch., of '"'urn Verein and honorary member of the
fasino association and one of the found-
whom: ers of Kranken Kassen Verein.
1 William A. In 1860 Mr. Decen married Miss Eliza-
beth Fink, to their union there have been
2 Henry, m. Eleanor Lange: horn eicrht children the oldest of whom
i James. Miss Lizzie died about thirty years a<ro.
ii Henry Joseph. A son Charles died some years ago. The
iii William F. survivin-tr children are Louis Degen, Mrs.
3 Agnes, Sister of the Divine Providence. Henry Koehler, Mrs. L. E. George. Mrs.
The writer is obliged to William Men- "PVed Fries. Misses. Katie and Lena Degen,
ger, of the "Southern Messenger." for the The wife also survives and all reside in
data regarding the family of William A. San Antonio.
GERMANS 411
WilmmmmmiM
ml i iM mm
liKHHHHH
mmwKmmmmWlA
wlmmmmmU SMmmm
y&s&y *
*&j»% sC^^)^4>p^y
JOHN HAUSEL COPELAND

John H. Copeland was Ubrarian in San Antonio in 1872, and was
probably the first Ubrarian in the city, and certainly one of the earliest
in Texas. He opened a circulating Ubrary at 45 Commerce St. early in
1877, the first of its kind in San Antonio. He advertised in the Texas
Free Press, February 6, 1877, that the charges were 25c per month;
and 50c per month, or 10c each, for the use of German books.
Mr. Copeland lectured on the organization of labor in January
1878. He was one of the organizers of the Labor Union in San Antonio
at that time. He was editor of the Courier.
He married Wilhelmina Ludwig in July 1878.
During the foUowmg year, 1879, Mr. Copeland was Ubrarian of
the Alamo Literary Society, the name of the two literary clubs of San
Antonio, which had merged. The origmal organization dated from 1869.
They considered the purchase of the Brackenridge property at the
Head of the River (Express, May 8, 1872), but this was not necessary,
as the estate of Samuel A. Maverick and Mrs. Maverick deeded them
the lot on Houston St. on January 24, 1872. The Library of the Alamo
Literary Soc, was located at Mr. Copeland's on Commerce St. in 1877,
according to the first City Directory. In January of the foUowing year
(1878) the Literary Society rented a room in Nic Tengg's store for a
public reading room. The following year the Alamo Free Library was
advertised in the Express, August 10, 1879. The foUowing officers were
elected by the Alamo literary Soc. during this year: Dr. M. K. Taylor,
Pres.; Sam Maverick, Vice-Pres.; W. W. Herron, Attorney; L. W.
Madaraz, Corresponding Secretary; B. Schwartz, Treas.; J. H. Cope-
land, Librarian; Messrs. Mauermann and WalthaU, Executive Com-
mittee; and Messrs. McLeary, Rote and Pauly, Library Committee
(Free Press, Aug. 29, 1879).
Mr. Copeland was admitted to the bar in 1880. He was alderman,
and discussed city improvement, in February 1882. He was present at
the organization of the S. A. Debating Society, March 1882. He oc-
cupied the chair at the S. A. Literary & Debating Soc. meeting in May
1882, and was elected its president in July. The Debating Soc. am-
algamated with the Alamo Literary Soc. in January 1883. Mr. Cope-
land announced for mayor in December 1882. In February of the fol-
lowing year (1883) he fUed suit agamst the Express for $25,000.00 for
"maUcious and false libel," published in their paper of January 7,
1883; he was represented in this suit by Russell Howard and J. H.
McCleary. Mr. Copeland was elected to represent the Alamo Council
and Legion of Honor as delegate to the Grand CouncU in Austin, March
1885. He and Mr. Grice (who carried a pistol), fought on the street
corner in January 1885; whUe he and Jose Cassiano had a fist fight
in November 1886. The following year (1887) Mr. Copeland pubUshed
the Texas Tribune, devoted to the labor question.
In 1894 the press informs us that John H. Copeland, "former San
Antonian," has made a success in Chicago.
END

With The Makers of San Antonio

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With The Makers of San Antonio

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GENEALOGIES

OF EARLY SAN ANTONIO FAMILIES

(THE MAKERS OF SAN ANTONIO)

PROJECT and G.S.

WITH THE MAKERS

SAN ANTONIO &__•

Author of various publications

Privately Published. Printing by the Artes Graficas, San Antonio, Texas

y p c t X & / u z 6 t % ' / ' ? t e& l y t t t ?yf'^st,CcfeJ

A N G E L E S : 255. F R E T E L L I E R E - Gentilz: 262.

MRS. C H A B O T (NEE VAN D E R L I P ) : Dedication p a g e .

I T T L E credit is given the first settlers

9L '•'*• "' ' ' "'•' -"3te:-*

4 people which takes no pride in the noble achievements

T a spot about fifteen leagues distant from

The earliest Spanish approaches to Texas, it seems, were mainly

Father Custodian of New Mexico, Fray Alonso de Benavides. And the

6 Manzanet, Carta, in Quarterly. II, 282.

"Whether Penalosa received any recognition of his proposed enter-

was probably in the westem part of present Cherokee County, west of

dialects, rendered it impossible to accomphsh much good. He wisely

mulgated regulations for the govemment and protection of the mis-

The weU known Mapa de toda la Frontera, on cotton paper, 64 by

ico to ask the appropriate authorities, to have Fray Francisco Hidalgo

31 Ibid., XIV. 246. 248-249.

wife, Rosa Flores y Valdez, of Sal- H i s f o r a y in 1745, t o check t h e A p a c h e

35 B . A., Ms. a n d Chabot, S.A. & I t s B e g i n n i n g s , C e n t e n n i a l Ed., p . 23.

of the Testimnonio, signed in Mexico, 4 Francisco Antonio, b. 1752 (?)

The Province of Nueva Montana de Santander y Santillana, con-

43 Bolton- "Notes on Clark's", in Quarterly, XIL 166-157.

49 Bolton and Marshall.

51 A. G. L, Mex., 1707, 62-2-29, pp. 39-41.

tillo, and Francisco Longoria and wife (?) Jose-

Mississippi. At the time of his new appointment, he was commander

cript of 65 foUos or double pages in the Bexar Archives, entitled: "Mem-

.A ' ' .-,/ . X- .y - 1

let ( y a n y , n X(,Xn^ •' ( /

/»". A/vz/Vv^/.'^ .<i'Xy,c:'7(

cy„ ^ y y > ' ~ " " - y r " ^ ? ° '

-*, ';• ; //• ^ •. - >__yt'Cf'^vr-7 r^

is confirmed by a report of Manuel Mufioz in 1794, in which he states:

A Spanish tradition relates that this family is descended from the

65 Carraffa, Enc. Heri. y Gen. XXIV, 268-278.

kum gives us a biographical 2 Jose Antonio, b. 1832.

2 Josefa (probably their daughter), m. 1734 Bernarbe in 1768, deeded cer-

Martin de Leon was b. in Bur- 4 Guadalupe, b. 1804, m. 1st, Desiderio

75 Bernabe had a sister, Antonia, B. A., Deed, 11-2-1778.

special permission from each of the governors of the province of Texas,

Francisco Ruiz. 3 Maria Antonia.

Antonia, b. 1817. Company of Cavalry, Oct. 15,

November 2 1748, deed in B. A., Retired Alferez Bernardo de Carvajal sold a 50 v.

Rl "B A " 3-15-1794.

I, Captain Domingo Ram6n.

These are aU the soldiers of the company. In addition to these the

communicate to him. If the French, because of their following, can

by an open path we arrived at the River San Antonio. This river is

Captain Diego Ramon was appointed governor ad interim of Coa-

should be rebuilt in its entirety as lieutenant, and Ascencio del

87 " B . A., Extracto", August, 1796.

ii Pablo Luciano, b. 1773.

88 "Quarterly", VI ,6, and note 4.

Marseille: ernor of Texas; before taking office,

Uttle short when it comes to writ- ii Miguel, b. 1787. 94.

cr govemor, Ramon repUed that approached four times by Bias Xi-

9L '•'• "' ' ' "'•' -"3te:-

/ J ' l / ^ / / ^ . .• t \tlr_, ._£n,tLiim, . * , * * . * , * - . X by.,., . - / ' S

/• >•'..'%/WSJ.- ,.i-ndsn-'/....#* ,, ,.o+s 7 u~~~ -— :• 3