BDSEA Cabarroguis Quirino finMDR 1

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Contents
Executive Summary 3
Introduction 4
Part I: The Scoping

A. The Cabrroguis Comprehensive Land Use Plan 7
B. Relationship with other relevant plans and programs 8
C. Relevant aspects of the current state of the environment (baseline from 11
Ecological Profile) and likely evolution without implementation of CLUP
D. Environmental characteristics of areas likely to be significantly affected 20
E. Existing environmental problems relevant to the CLUP 26
F. Environmental protection objectives relevant to the CLUP and its relation to 29
CLUP preparation
Part II: The Integration of SEA Objectives in the Cabarroguis CLUP

A. Maintain and Enhance Environmental Quality 53
B. Keep Beautiful/Attractive 58
C. Develop Within Environmental Resource Carrying Capacity 65
D. Improve Quality Of Life 73
E. Make Decisions in Ways that Reconcile Different Needs and Demands 81
III. Summary Conclusion and Recommendations 84
IV. References 86
V. Annex 87
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Executive Summary
Agriculture and tourism are two major development

thrusts, the Municipality of Cabarroguis envisions in its CLUP Photos c/o of Cabarroguis Official Website
from 2013-2023. Now on the second year in the

implementation stage of the CLUP’s plans, policies and programs, the integration of Strategic
Environmental Assessment (SEA) is but timely to address environmental issues in relation to
socio-economic development and sustainability.
While it is commendable that “balanced and sustained ecology” are part of the
municipality’s development goals, the potential threats of development (which include
agriculture, tourism, and mining) should be adequately mitigated to ensure that the QPL’s rich
biodiversity are conserved and managed in keeping with the objectives of a biodiversity based
environmental assessment.
The integration of SEA in the Cabarroguis CLUP should be part of the “sustainable
community plans and programs of natural and biodiversity conservation and development
activities (QPLMP, 2010: 54)”
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Introduction
Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (2006) defined Strategic

Environmental Assessment (SEA) as a range of “analytical and participatory approaches that aim
to integrate environmental considerations Key Messages on the Benefits of Strategic Environmental
Assessment
into policies, plans and programs and
1. Improves the performance and efficiency of policy and
evaluate the inter linkages with economic and planning by minimizing adverse impacts on
environment and society.
social considerations”. SEA is normally 2. Helps to avoid costly mistakes and missed
opportunities caused by inadequate information
applied at the earliest stages of “decision about impacts and trade-offs.
3. Provides a framework for project-level assessment
making both to help formulate policies, plans and coordination, in particular to understand
cumulative impacts and reduce duplication.
and programs and to assess their potential 4. Builds consensus and public trust through its
multistakeholder and participatory focus.
development effectiveness and
1 Source: GMS Environment Operations Center. Strategic
sustainability. SEA is most useful when it is Environmental Assessment in the Greater Mekong
Subregion. 2015
adopted at the outset of formal planning
processes and aligned with planning phases, enabling assessments to provide valuable
information at critical stages and decision points.2
This SEA focus on the draft Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) 2013-2030 for the
municipality of Cabarroguis, Quirino. Cabarroguis is approximately located on the Northwestern
part of the province of Quirino. It is bounded on the North, Northwest and Northeast by the
municipalities of Diffun and Saguday respectively. It is about 12 kilometers from the provincial
boundary between Province of Quirino and Isabela at barangay San Antonio, Diffun, Quirino. 3
1
Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Applying Strategic Environmental Assessment (Paric,
France, 2006), 17-18.
2
“Strategic Environmental Assessment in the Greater Mekong Subregion.” Accessed 1 May 2015,
http://www.adb.org/publications/strategic-environmental-assessment-gms
3
“Location.” Accessed 25 May 2015, http://cabarroguis.gov.ph/category/services/
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Administrative Map of Cabarroguis, Quirino (source: http://cabarroguis.gov.ph/location/)
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The municipal area of Cabarroguis covers 26,902 hectares approximately. The area is
further distributed into the 17 barangays comprising the municipality including barangay
Didipio which remains to be in the municipality and the province of Nueva Vizcaya and Quirino. 4
This report delves on the possible integration of the biodiversity aspects in the SEA of
the Cabarroguis CLUP. The SEA of the Cabarroguis CLUP was structured in the context that part
of the Cabarroguis ecosystem forms part of the continuum of the whole Quirino Protected
Landscape (QPL) endowed with rich biodiversity, vis-à-vis with the territorial jursidiction of
Quirino Province with untapped potentials for socio-economic growth. By adopting SEA at the
local level such as in the Cabarroguis CLUP, it could aid “decision makers reach a better
understanding of how environmental, social and economic considerations fit together”.5
The report is organized in mainly two parts, the Scoping and the Integration of SEA
Objectives. In the Scoping, the Group reviewed and evaluated the contents of the Cabarroguis
CLUP, and two other relevant plans namely: (i) Quirino Protected Landscape Management Plan
(QPLMP); and (ii) Quirino Provincial Development Physical Framework Plan (QPDPFP) 2011-
20140. The major environmental issues, problems and concerns pertaining to the
implementation of the Cabarroguis CLUP were also studied and will be discussed in this paper.
Part 2 talks about the Integration of the SEA Objectives, the affected Cabarroguis CLUP land use
elements in relation to the predicted environmental impacts, and the mitigating measures that
could be done. The possible integration of biodiversity consideration in the policies, plans and
programs for Cabarroguis CLUP is analyzed in relation to the municipality’s economic and social
development thrusts. Finally, the report concludes with recommendations of how SEA could
best fit with the Cabarroguis local development planning.
4
“Location.” Accessed 25 May 2015, http://cabarroguis.gov.ph/category/services/
5
Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Applying Strategic Environmental Assessment (Paric,
France, 2006), 14.
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Part I:
Scoping
Photos c/o of Cabarroguis Official Website
A. The Cabrroguis Comprehensive Land Use Plan6
The Cabarroguis CLUP’s vision is to make Cabarroguis the show window of Education,
Agriculture, Commerce, Health care and Information Technology, with morally upright, vigilant
and resilient society living in a balanced and sustained ecology under dynamic, stable, firm and
just leadership. On the other hand, the municipality’s mission is to transform, enhance,
promote, and uplift the standard of living of the people through sound legislation, effective and
quality education, improved agriculture, rationalized health care, competitive trade and
industry, advanced technology and sustainable environment guided by morally upright,
participated and united governance.
The CLUP of Cabarroguis is patterned with the identified development thrusts of the
National Physical Framework Plan, the Cagayan Valley Physical Framework Plan and the Quirino
Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan (QPDPFP). The CLUP serves as the blue
print of municipality’s development in the next ten years that will guide the local government
unit, national government and non-government organizations in implementing development
programs and projects towards economic and social growth of the town.
The CLUP is a tool to improve the economic conditions of the municipality that
eventually uplift the quality of life of the people by way of improving the basic social
infrastructures and utilities, establishment of employment opportunity and provision of
6
All information stated in this section are taken from the draft Cabarroguis Comprehensive Land Use (2011-
20140), unless stated otherwise
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livelihood projects, strengthen people’s participation in establishing a community that are
resilient to any changes of climate, and aware of the environment issues and the promotion of
small scale industries focused on agriculture.
The Cabarroguis CLUP contains the following development goals:
1. Advanced and well developed community;

2. Globally Competitive, progressive economy;
3. Balanced and sustained ecology with vigilant and resilient society ;
4. Highly trained professionals and skilled workers; and
5. Transparent and accountable governance that provides accessible social and gender
sensitive services
For a more detailed of the CLUP’s content, see Annex 1.
B. Relationship with other relevant plans and programs
For this section, the Cabarroguis CLUP was assessed and compared to the Quirino
Protected Landscape (QPL), the municipality’s plan was also assessed and compared to the
Quirino Protected Landscape Management Plan (QPLMP); and (ii) Quirino Provincial
Develoment Physical Framework Plan 2011-20140 (QPDPFP).
The Quirino Protected Landscape Management Plan (QPLMP)
The Quirino Protected Landscape (QPL) as per Presidential Proclamation (PP) No. 548
dated February 03, 2004 originally contained a solid, contiguous protected area of about
206,875 hectares, encompassing 5 municipalities with 52 barangays that covered almost the
entire forestland area of Quirino Province. Later, however, it was reduced to only about 58% of
its original coverage after the mining tenements found therein were excised by virtue of PP No.
779 dated February 09, 2005 thereby sub-dividing the protected area into 3 parcels with a total
remaining aggregate area of only 175,943 hectares.
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QPL Management Plan Administrative Map (source: QPL, 2010)
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As indicated in the map, Cabarroguis is one of the municipalities that is part of the QPL.
Hence, it is important to know if the Cabarroguis CLUP observes the QPLMP.
The Cabarroguis CLUP is in cognizant of the QPLMP goals “to enhance the province’s
rich biodiversity and manage the vast forest and upland agricultural areas that promote greater
economic and environmental benefits (QPLMP, 2010: 54).” In relation with the QPLMP, the
Cabarroguis CLUP involves “sustainable community plans and programs of natural and
biodiversity conservation and development activities (QPLMP, 2010: 54)” enumerated as
follows:
 Range of economic opportunities, healthy environment and effective public services

that the communities offer;
 Natural areas, industrial and commercial businesses accessible to all community
members;
 Farms and forests maintained and enhanced as working capital resources;
 Open spaces, cultural, natural and terrestrial resources enhanced and protected for
present and future generations; and
 Quirino Protected Landscape as prime tourist destination
The Quirino Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan (QPDPFP)
As mentioned, the Cabarroguis CLUP is patterned to the QPDPFP. In the QPDPFP, the
Municipality of Cabarroguis has been identified as a secondary growth center with the twin
roles of both the institutional center and industrial center of the province (QPDPFP 2011-2040:
76). As the cradle of natural tourist attractions such as hot springs and waterfalls, the capital
town of Cabarroguis is considered as a potential tourist destination (QPDPFP 2011-2040: 76).
The Burgos Caves (existing) and Eden hotspring (potential) are the ecotourism site in the
municipality.
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C. Relevant aspects of the current state of the environment and likely evolution without
implementation of CLUP
Current environment is high density in its development, having only the north portion
for settlement and commercial development. It is concentrated. There are still open spaces left
in these areas, with limited land area for development, and other areas of the municipality are
in 18% slope and above. The continuing increase in the population of the municipality would
yield to increase in infrastructure, built-up areas, and demand for services, and this is evidenced
by the annual growth rate of 1.60% from year 2011 to 2023.
Most of the land is allotted for forest production, even though some of these lands are
classified under QPL. These areas are currently being used as production areas and there are
also few settlements found within the QPL area.
The municipality does not have a Solid Waste Management Plan, but it has the presence
of a sanitary landfill. Since the sanitary landfill is located near the poblacion area, those living in
the outskirts dispose their waste through burning and other means that are not
environmentally sound.
The municipality has five (5) types of land capability classes. The first is capability class
A, which is evident in the eastern part of Banuar, Santo Domingo, Del Pilar, and Eden, and the
total area of this capability class is around 1,017.75 hectares. This capability class describes its
soil to be “deep, dark, and usually fertile or can be made fertile under good tillage
management” (p.30). It is suitable for intensive cropping, does not require special farming
practices, and does not have problems of erosion. The second is capability class Bw, which is
evident in barangay Mangandingay and the eastern part of Gundaway, and the total area of this
capability class is approximately 315 hectares. This capability class is classified as good land, and
is located mostly in depressed (pertaining to level of land) and low lying areas. This class has
problems with water, which means that it is sometimes dry, and during rainy seasons, there are
occasional flooding, and there is a need to build a better drainage system for these types of
class to ensure stable production. The third is capability class Ce, which is evident in barangay
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Gundaway, Sto. Domingo, Zamora, Del Pilar, Villapeña, eastern part of San Marcos, Villamor,
Burgos, western part of Banuar, and central part of Eden, and the total area of this capability
class is around 4,500 hectares. This capability class has moderately good land, and is found on
moderately sloping lands where the typical problems would be erosion and the loss in soil
fertility since the fertile soil would most probably erode and fall on the lower areas especially
during rainy seasons. There is a need for the combination of erosion prevention to retain soil
fertility, and water control practices to ensure that the crops have ample supply of water. The
fourth is capability class De, which is evident in the southern part of Eden, San Marcos,
Villamor, Villapeña, central part of Dibibi, and Burgos, and the total area of this capability class
is approximately 7,418.75 hectares. This capability class has strong sloping terrain, with fairly
good land, but the top soil is generally thin, which makes it critical especially when soil erosion
is fast. Because of its thin top soil, there is a need for a very careful and good soil and water
retention measures to be made in order to ensure that erosion would not occur. The fifth is
capability class N, which is evident in barangay Tucod, Dingasan, Calaocan, and western part of
Dibibi, and the total area of this capability class is approximately 13,650.50 hectares. This
capability class has a very steep terrain, and it would be an extremely eroded land when
denuded. This type of land is not suitable for production and cultivation of any kind, and
restriction from settlements and any form of development should be placed in these areas.
The hydro meteorological hazard areas, which the Geohazards Mapping and Assessment
Team (GMAT) of Mines and Geoscience Bureau has assessed, identified seven (7) barangays
classified under high and moderate susceptibility to landslide, namely barangays Del Pilar,
Dibibi, Calaocan, Tucod, Dingasan, Eden, and Burgos. These barangays are located within the
30% to 50% slopes. Those with moderate susceptibility to landslides are those having previous
cases of landslides and presence of tension cracks that are located far from the community.
These areas are still prone to landslides, but not that often. But for those areas with high
susceptibility to landslides, these areas have active and recent landslides and the present of
tension cracks within the community. These areas also have steep slopes and drainages, which
could make the area prone to landslide damming.
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Existing General Land Use Plan
The Municipality of Cabarroguis has a total land area of 26,902 hectares or 269.02
square kilometers distributed to the seventeen (17) barangays and it was further classified into
various land uses such as Residential. Commercial, Institutional and Industrial which is
collectively classifies as Built-up Area. Other uses are agriculture, open grassland, forest area,
water bodies (e.g. rivers, creeks, etc.) and road/streets, utilities and facilities.
The total built-up area of Cabarroguis is approximately 538.36 hectares or contributing

to around 2.00 percent of the total area of the municipality. The total area used for agriculture
was 5,296.91 hectares representing about 19.69 % of the total area of the municipality. Crops
grown or produced in the municipality are rice, corn, vegetables & root crops, fruit bearing
trees or orchard and other agricultural related activities. Open grassland, or land use which
includes pasteur or grazing land, buffer zones, open spaces, cemeteries, vacant lands and those
found along river and creeks and other bodies of water comprises a total area of 13,542
hectares or 50.34 % of the total area of the municipality. Forest Area is 7,083.67 hectares or
representing about 26.33% of the total area. Infrastructure and utilities occupy an aggregate
area of 221.04 hectares or representing about 0.82 % of the area of Cabarroguis. Bodies of
water, which includes Dumatata River, Addalem River and Dibibi Rivers and other bodies of
water traversing the municipality and occupy an aggregate area of 219.62 hectares or 0.82 % of
the total area of the municipality.
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Table 1. Breakdown of Existing General land Uses
Municipality of Cabaroroguis
Land Category Areas (ha)
Built-up Area 538.36
Agricultural 5,296.91
Forestry Use 7,083.67
Open Grassland 13,542.72
Bodies of Water 219.62
Roads and Streets/Utilities/Facilities 221.04
TOTAL 26902.32
Breakdown of Existing General Land Uses
1% 1% 2%
Built-up Area
20%
Agricultural
Forestry Use
50%
26% Open Grassland
Bodies of Water
Roads and
Streets/Utilities/Facilities
Figure 1. Source: Cabarroguis CLUP, 2013-2023
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Existing General Land Use Map, Cabarroguis (Source: Cabarroguis, CLUP)
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Likely Evolution Without the CLUP
Unplanned agricultural development thrusts would likely encroach on parts of the

Quirino Protected Landscape (QPL) by way of land conversion of forest areas into agricultural
lands (e.g. the traditional slash-and–burn or kaingin practice primarily by the indigenous
people, destructive upland farming) by the municipality’s dependent population. Settlers such
as kaingeros encroaching in forest zones contribute to the degradation of the forests. Existing
agricultural areas will most likely be less productive without the informed decisions on its
rational use based on the capability and suitability for such agricultural use, nor without its
necessary support infrastructures.
Unplanned built-up area development in the institutional and industrial center of the
province, without a rational settlement area policy would likely impact on the quality of the
environment that can even adversely affect a part of the QPL. Agricultural lands along the road
are likely to be converted into residential land. The absence of regulation in building height,
easements, classification of lands and other laws on infrastructure and development, would
result to hazards for those who constructed high rise buildings on slopes. Unobserved spacing
for easements would result to overcrowding and even flooding and blockage of way for both
development and transportation. Without the proper classification of lands, food security
would be an issue since even agricultural lands would be converted for other uses, and this is
an irreversible process.
Unsustainable tourism development thrust would likely impact on the quality of the
environment and part of the QPL, especially the forest areas and the habitat of endangered
species. This could also lead to food security issues, and solid waste management issues with
the increase of different kind of wastes generated by the tourists, and the deterioration of the
environment in the process. There would also be the lack in space for local people since most
areas would convert to cater the housing needs of the tourists, and the lack of social services
would also pose a problem. Littering would also increase the incidence of flooding in the area
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especially when they have clogged drainages and pipes. Water contamination would also be a
result from solid waste management issues and flooding issues.
Unregulated mining activities by private groups and without the necessary mitigating
and safety measures during its operations, may inflict harmful effects on the QPL that may
include adjoining areas outside the coverage of its permit area, besides its major effects to the
environment with over extraction, which results to the emission of sulfur in the atmosphere.
This in turn would also have a negative impact on the health of the people in the community,
which could result to numerous diseases affecting the lungs due to airborne pollution among
others. Tailing or mining dumps could also pose a problem in environmental degradation, as
well as health problems in the municipality especially when these mining dumps find its way
into waterways. This would also pose a threat to the aquatic ecosystem, and would have
adverse impacts to the fishes and the soft-shelled turtles, and also to the fish sanctuary.
Unregulated human activities in general would lead to various issues and concerns.
Water as a basic source of living for every human would be one of the most pressing issues to
face when uncontrolled development occurs. Contamination of water source such as the rivers
traversing the city, namely the Dumatata River, the Addalem River and the Dibibi River, creeks,
canals, and streams is likely to happen, and diseases such as amoebiasis, salmonella, and
hepatitis A to name some, would likely spread not only in the community of Cabarroguis, but
also to nearby cities who use the same river systems as this city. Deforestation could be
another problem, coupled with the intensive cultivation of short term crops on steep slopes
that could lead to soil erosion.
Without the implementation of the CLUP, there is a chance for uncontrolled sprawling
to nearby forest production areas, and illegal conversion of land due to high density growth in
only a small portion, and to solve overcrowding the people might opt to expand without
considering the kind of land it will convert. This in turn will threaten food security issues,
especially when croplands would be converted for other uses like settlement, or for industrial
services, or even for short term crops that would lead to the loss in fertility of the soil.
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The absence of a Solid Waste Management Plan, but with the presence of a sanitary landfill,
would ultimately lead to problems of uncontrolled dumping, which would create an increase in
the volume of trash and in toxicity, especially those products that contain toxic chemicals. This
would in turn have a negative impact on public health and the environment. Improper disposal
of waste near aquatic ecosystems, like the fishpond areas in portions of San Marcos, Banuar,
Villamor, and Mangandingay, and especially in the protected river bank of the declared fish
sanctuary in Barangay Eden, would threaten the aquatic ecosystems like the soft-shelled
turtles.
If the municipality would develop without the implementation of a CLUP, there would
be a threat to the physical, social, economical and environmental structure of the area. There
will be the presence of the lack in coordination between concerned agencies, which would also
lead to the lack in fulfilling the basic requirements of the locals, and this will ultimately lead to
adverse effects for the people and the environment.
Envisioned Development with the CLUP
With the implementation of CLUP, the municipality “shall pursue intensified agricultural
commercial as its primary development thrust and ecological tourism as secondary thrust.
Agricultural commercial shall be intensified through the implementation and provision of
infrastructure support like irrigation, farm to market roads, flood control, communication
facilities, water supply and power. Investment incentives promotion shall be strengthened to
attract investors and putting up of medium and small scale industries related to agriculture in
the identified industrial areas (CLUP 2010: 69). ”
The next map shows how the CLUP envisioned its spatial development plan.
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Proposed Spatial Development Plan for Cabarrogius (source: CLUP)
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D. Environmental characteristics of areas likely to be significantly affected
There are four barangays in the Municipality of Cabarroguis that are covered within the
QPL. These are the barangays of Tucod, Debibi, Dingasan and Eden. Forest lands, rivers, and
habitats of endangered species are the areas likely to be significantly affected especially with
the Municipality’s planned development thrusts that will involve mining and quarrying, tourism
and infrastructures (such as that of a hydro-power plant). Forest lands are also threatened by
the Municipality’s agricultural development thrusts.
Part of the QPL within the Municipality of Cabarroguis

(After Cabarroguis Zoning Ordinance 2013)
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Forest Lands
Forest lands produce more benefits and give better services than when converted to
agricultural lands or other uses (CLUP 2013-2023: 42). “The forest lands of the Municipality of
Cabarroguis constitute an area of 7,913.5233 hectares or representing about 29.42 % of total
area of Cabarroguis and is distributed in the 4 sub-watershed (SW), SW1 with 1,449.9036
hectares, SW2 with 4,379.5633 hectares, SW3 with 1,365.5847 hectares and SW4 with
718.4717hectares. These are lands classified and declared as needed for forest purposes (CLUP
2013-2023: 42).”
“The 7,007.8217 hectares potential production forest of the municipality is distributed
among the four SWs as follows, SW1– 1,449.9036 hectares, SW2 – 4,200.6352 hectares, SW3 –
1,357.2829 hectares, and SW4 – 0 hectares. The major forest products are timber while minor
forest products include coffee, banana, and fruit bearing trees (Citrus, Rambutan, Lanzones,
etc). These minor forest products are the main source of income among the local farmers”
(CLUP 2013-2023: 42).
The forest area serves “to maintain ecological balance and to preserve the watershed
for the water bodies (CLUP 2013-2023:72).”
Rivers and the Habitat of Endangered Species
Rivers and the river banks in Barangay Eden are declared fish sanctuary and the habitat
(see habitat map) the endangered species of soft shelled turtle known as kagot (CLUP 2013-
2023: 44). A hot spring is located in the same barangay, which is proposed to be developed as
one of tourist destination in the municipality. Susong Dalaga Caves and Banuar Caves located
at Gundaway and Banuar which also part of the protected areas are the habitats of bat and
other endangered species (CLUP 2013-2023: 44).
Threats of Mining and Quarrying
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Areas in the Municipality of Cabarroguis were identified to have resource potentials for
copper mine extractions (see mining map), and quarrying of sand, gravel and boulders.
“The municipality has very limited resources in terms of sand, gravel and boulders
despite the presence of 2 rivers – Addalem and Dumatata. A registered quarry area was
recorded with an aggregate area of 2.65 hectare is in operation at Barangay Dibibi (CLUP 2013-
2023: 46).”
“The original QPL area was reduced by about 15% from its original size through
Presidential Proclamation No. 779 in 2006 dividing it into three parcels with a total area of
175,943 hectares. The amendment was effected because of the need to excise the mining area
of the gold project in Didipio, Cabarroguis (QPDPFP 2011-2040: 69).”
“Copper mines extraction at portions of Barangays Tucod, Dingasan and the whole area
of the disputed Barangay Didipio operated by the Oceana Gold will directly affect the
municipality especially those within the down streams. However, these project has a large
contribution economic development of the populace in terms, of investment opportunity and
employment services. For environment consideration, relinquished area of exploration shall
form part of Forest Zone, and the area that is presently utilized as a mining ground is projected
to be an eco-tourism destination after it has been rehabilitated and turn over to the Local
Government Unit (CLUP 2013-2023: 46).”
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Habitat Map for Endangered Species (source: Cabarroguis CLUP)
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Mining Resource Map (source: Cabarroguis CLUP)
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Threats of Tourism
Based on a survey of natural monuments conducted within the QPL, nine (9) small sites
of national, cultural and environmental significance for ecotourism purposes had been
discovered. The unique biophysical features of the sites shall be preserved for the communities
to assume visitorial management over these natural monuments. In the case of the
Municipality of Cabarroguis, the discovered sites identified are: the tri-peak Mountains in
Cabarroguis, and Susong Dalaga (QPLMP, 2010: 65).
There are four identified potential tourist destinations in the Municipality: Barangay
Eden for their Hot Spring and the presence of the soft-shelled turtle known as the Kagot;
Barangay Banuar for its scenic caves; and Barangay Zamora for their identical mountain, known
as Susong Dalaga (CLUP 2013-2023: 46).
Threats of Infrastructures
Infrastructures such as the case of the proposed construction of the Diduyon Hydro
Power Plant in Barangay Dingasan within the QPL, will have environmental impact on part of
the protected area (CLUP 2013-2023: 46).
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E. Existing environmental problems relevant to the CLUP
Cabarroguis is endowed with rich biodiversity, forest and remains to be a habitat of

unique flora and fauna. To date, the supposed mapped Quirino Protected Landscape (QPL) in
Cabarroguis is being utilized by the city as part of its production forests and according to the
PPDFP of Quirino, the QPL is scattered at the middle portions of the municipality. However,
based on the QPL Management Plan, only a small portion of Cabarroguis is part of the QPL,
specifically in the southeastern part, and a small portion in the middle section of its southwest
part. But still, these areas are being utilized for production forest by the municipality, as its
protected forest is located at its southwestern part, which is not classified under QPL. Also
based on the QPL Management Plan which is based on Presidential Proclamation 548, the QPL
area in Cabarroguis is from its midwest, to south, to mideast portion. This would be somewhat
the same as the QPL mapped in its PPDFP, but still not quite. This time, the classified protected
forest of the municipality is part of the QPL, but only a very small portion of it.
While there are some overlapping issues with regard to the area coverage of
Cabarroguis under the QPL, similar existing environmental problems with other municipalities
and provinces under QPL have been identified that are deemed important to be addressed in
their respective CLUPs. Activities that continuously threatening the environment include the
continuing widespread upland cultivation, population growth driven by in-migration, pre-
emptive land conversion, unregulated gathering of forest products, ecosystem damage, habitat
loss and watershed degradation, unregulated mineral extraction and conflicts on mining
interests, adequate livelihood options, and low level of awareness and appreciation of
environmental conservation values among others.
Notable environmental problems in Cabarroguis that are relevant to the CLUP are the
impacts brought by pressures from various physical developments and the people in the
surrounding cultivated lands and human settlements. One of existing problems that convey
stress to the environment is the mining activities in Brgy. Didipio for gold mining project and
the copper mines extraction at portions of Brgy. Tucod, Dingasan and the whole area of the
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disputed Brgy. Didipio, which are directly affecting the municipality especially the communities
within down streams. For environment consideration, relinquished area of exploration shall
form part of Forest Zone, and the area that is presently utilized as a mining ground is projected
to be an eco-tourism destination after it has been rehabilitated and turn over to the Local
Government Unit mining area of the gold project in Didipio, Cabarroguis (QPDPFP 2011-2040:
69). Quarrying with an aggregate area of 2.65 hectare located in Barangay Dibibi is also relevant
to the CLUP because of the limited resources in terms of sand, gravel and boulders despite the
presence of two rivers, the Addalem and Dumatata River in the municipality. Likewise,
continuous extraction of forest resources in the classified protected forest, to address the
needs of the residents is constantly threatening the intact forest causing the disturbance and
even displacement of flora and fauna’s natural habitat in the municipality.
There is a need to protect the river bank of the declared fish sanctuary in Barangay
Eden, home to the endangered species of soft-shelled turtles, or locally known as Cagot. It is in
the same barangay where we can find the hot spring, which is proposed to be declared as one
of the tourist destinations in the municipality. With the influx of tourists, this sanctuary might
be disturbed and invaded by tourists, which would alter the habitat of the soft-shelled turtles,
and would lead to further decrease in number and put the lives of the turtles in danger for
possible exportation or poaching.
The two (2) caves, namely the Susong Dalaga Caves and the Banuar Caves, located at
Gundaway and Banuar respectively, are also part of the protected areas, each hosting different
species like bats and other endangered species. These caves are also being publicized as part of
the tourism thrust of the municipality, which could lead to degradation of the natural landscape
of the caves, and the destruction of the natural habitat of the species found in these areas due
to the influx of tourists. If these would not be controlled, the habitat of the different species
would be destroyed.
The proposed construction of the Diduyon Hydro Power Plant in Barangay Dingasan is
located within the Quirino Protected Landscape (QPL). These areas are supposed to be barred
27 | P a g e
from development or any human activities, as they have been identified as highly sensitive and
should not be part of the areas for utilization of a municipality. With the proposed construction
of the hydro power plant within the QPL area, not only will there be tampering of the natural
landscape of the environment, but there is also the possibility of encroachment due to the
construction of the hydro power plant, since the workers would be living in the area, and it
might turn into a permanent settlement area for the workers and their families.
The hydro meteorological hazard areas, which the Geohazards Mapping and Assessment
Team (GMAT) of Mines and Geoscience Bureau has assessed, identified seven (7) barangays
classified under high and moderate susceptibility to landslide, namely barangays Del Pilar,
Dibibi, Calaocan, Tucod, Dingasan, Eden, and Burgos. These barangays are located within the
30% to 50% slopes. Those with moderate susceptibility to landslides are those having previous
cases of landslides and presence of tension cracks that are located far from the community.
These areas are still prone to landslides, but not that often. But for those areas with high
susceptibility to landslides, these areas have active and recent landslides and the present of
tension cracks within the community. These areas also have steep slopes and drainages, which
could make the area prone to landslide damming
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F. Environmental protection objectives relevant to the CLUP and its relation to CLUP
preparation
Based on the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP), there are several development
policy and priority programs and projects (PPP) that were identified in the aim, given the
current state of the municipality, to attain environmental sustainability objectives wherein
likely significant effects and the reasonable/applicable/possible alternatives of the proposed
plan or program are identified. Below are the following PPPs mentioned in the aforementioned
CLUP.
1. Maintain and enhance environmental quality
The impacts or issues identified involves Cabarroguis’ further development (that is

mostly concentrated in areas already developed), will tend to increase pressure on forest
ecosystems and disturbance of species and their habitats. The higher visitor pressures will also
hasten erosion.
1.1 Protect, enhance and restore special ecosystems esp. forests (Protection forest,
production forest)
Development Policy No. 4. Establishment of buffer zone of forest especially within the 30%-50%
slope.
 Protection forest: lands that are those with 18 to 50% slope, regardless of forest cover
 Production forest: subdivided into four (4) sub-watersheds
1.2 Maintain and where possible increase populations of species under threat
Development Policy No. 11. The ecological function shall be paramount over economic and
other considerations when allowing the use of protected areas
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 Biodiversity and conservation areas esp. habitat of endangered species such as the river
banks of the declared fish sanctuary of soft shelled turtles in Brgy. Eden and protected
areas such as Susong Dalaga Caves at Gundaway and Banuar Caves at Banuar
 Proposed growth areas in the CLUP, intended for extension of commercial complex is
Brgy. Mangandingay will likely influence the barangays of Banuar, Gundaway same as
with the proposed institutional complex that will also affect Brgy. Gundaway. This will
likely bring pressure to the significant protected areas in both barangays of Gundaway
and Banuar.
 Establishment of bufferzone of forest especially those within the 30%-50% slope
 Further development will cause disturbance to species (flora and fauna) including their
habitats
 Preserve areas that were identified with geo-hazards
 Areas with high landslide susceptibility and other areas where tension cracks, seepage
and other hazards are present were identified and that proposed development policy in
the CLUP encompasses the relocation of these identified facilities to safe zones.
1.3 Protect archeological, historical and cultural assets
One of the development thrusts is the ecological tourism to protect sites of geological
importance
 Prevent over utilization of lands for production. Consideration of the carrying capacities of
production forest lands and agricultural lands with patches of settlements, and pasture/
grazing lands for animals
 Regulate economic activities involving special areas of interest. Possible impacts of mining
and quarrying to major water tributaries were mentioned in the CLUP in consideration for
potential development
 Consideration of the future hydro powerplant to be developed in the municipality. Adoption
of intensified agricultural commercial as its primary development thrusts
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2. Keep Beautiful/Attractive
The various impacts/issues include concentration of development in already-developed

areas will generally protect currently tranquil areas, though proposals for more secondary
attractions may encroach as well as risks of overheating the impacts. Adding to intrusion
(although damage will be limited because it will be concentrated in areas already developed),
will generate more visitors, contributing to more waste generation, traffic, concentration in
corridors, which already has relatively high traffic and congestion.
2.1 Maintain tranquil unspoilt areas
Development Policy No. 11: The ecological function shall be paramount over economic and
other considerations when allowing the use of protected areas.
 Establishment of buffer zone of forest especially those within the 30%-50% slope
 Proposed Hydropower plant in Brgy. Dingasan which is within the QPL
 Mining activities in Brgy. Tucod, Brgy. Dingasan, and Brgy. Didipio
 The proposed development of already-developed areas as growth enters will preserve
tranquil areas, though there will also some impacts of development, influencing
adjacent barangays and some other protected areas as well.
2.2 Avoid visual aesthetic, noise pollution
Development Policy No. 4. Industrial and Commercial land use should be properly located in
consideration of their traffic generation potential and pollution impact.
 Industrial and commercial land uses form part of the proposed development of growth
centers in already developed areas. Satellite commercial center and extension of
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commercial complex are proposed to be located in Brgy. Dibibi and Brgy.
Mangandingay, which are part of the urban area.
 For its existing urban land use, commercial establishments includes the public market,
sari-sari stores, gasoline stations, restaurants, and other commercial related
establishments in operation within the urban core having an aggregate area of 12.86
hectares or contributing to 0.58% of the total identified urban core.
 For its existing urban land use, industrial area includes rice furniture and wood
processing, welding, and iron works, rice mills and other industrial related activities in
operation within the urban core with an area of 1.35 hectares or 0.06% of the total area.
 For the proposed general land use plan, the existing commercial area within the urban
core warrants a larger expansion considering the expected influx of businessman to
invest in the area. The business potential of the strategic location of the urban core
being located at the center of the municipality be fully utilized.
 For the proposed general land use plan, industrial zone in the urban core is principally
located at Brgy. Villamor, the proposed site of Cabarroguis Industrial Growth Center.
The total land area for this use is 7.59 hectares or about 7.61% of the total land area of
the urban core.
Development Policy No. 5: Strict zoning regulation shall be enforced on livestock, piggery,
houses and wood processing located in residential areas.
 Proposed general land use plan as prescribed in the CLUP includes settlement/built-up
areas, agriculture, parks & open grassland, forest, cemetery, commercial zone,
institutional zone, parks& open spaces, roads/streets/utilities, and industrial zone. This
land use plan, once realized will enforce parting of incompatible land uses.
PPP: Intensified conducts of cleanliness and beautification campaigns
 This priority program will help maintain the aesthetic value of the municipality despite
of so many developments in the urban area.
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Proposed development of already-developed areas as growth centers
 Development in already-developed areas will confine the direct effects of visual and
noise pollution within urban area, hence preserving the natural aesthetic value and
serene environment of the protected areas, though there will also some impacts of
development, influencing adjacent barangays and some other protected areas as well.
2.3 Minimize traffic and congestion, 2.4 Avoid overdevelopment and 2.5 Unobtrusive
Infrastructure
Development Policy No. 4: Industrial and Commercial land use should be properly located in
Development Policy No. 9: Establishment of easement and buffer zone and strict enforcement of
zoning and building regulations
 Proposed general land use plan as prescribed in the CLUP includes settlement/built-up
areas, agriculture, parks & open grassland, forest, cemetery, commercial zone,
institutional zone, parks & open spaces, roads/streets/utilities, and industrial zon
2.6 Avoid litter, dumping
Development Policy No. 6: Environmental impact rather than potential revenue shall be the
primary consideration in granting permits for business and industrial establishment
 Efficient home-based garbage disposal system will help in the establishment of a proper
municipal-wide solid waste management system. This program will help promote
cleanliness in the municipality among local residents and tourists.
3. Develop within environmental resource carrying capacities
The following are the identified impacts/issues: Large-scale resort development is highly thirsty
(for example through golf courses), possible effects through river sand dredging or bad land
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management during constructions, nutrients from concentration of development are threat to
reefs and the waste will increase.
3.1 Maintain freshwater resources
PPP on Water: “Development of point sources of water and spring development in the rural
areas that serve the most number of people. Availability of an adequately controlled and stable
supply of water to the farms (CLUP: 90)”
 Large-scale resort development is highly thirsty; for example through golf courses.
General Land Use Plan on Forest: To maintain ecological balance and to preserve the watershed
for the water bodies the forest area cannot be reduced, could not be proposed nor to be re
classified into other uses. It has an aggregated area of 7,083.67 hectares or 26.33% of the total
land area of Cabarroguis.
 Forests help maintain healthy aquatic ecosystems and provide reliable supplies of clean
freshwater. But not only do they filter and clean water -- forests also help prevent soil
erosion, reduce sedimentation in reservoirs and mitigate the risks of mudslides and
floods, all problems that can threaten downstream water supplies. And while forests
themselves consume water, they also improve infiltration rates, thereby helping
recharge underground aquifers.7
Development Policy No. 8. Promotion of organic farming/ regulate the use of glyphosate
 In many agriculture areas, pollution of groundwater courses with synthetic fertilizers

and pesticides is a major problem. As the use of these is prohibited in organic
agriculture, they are replaced by organic fertilizers (e.g. compost, animal manure, green
manure) and through the use of greater biodiversity, enhancing soil structure and water
7
“Forests and freshwater: vital connections” Accessed on 25 May 2015 at
http://www.fao.org/english/newsroom/focus/2003/wfc2.htm
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infiltration. Well managed organic systems with better nutrient retentive abilities,
greatly reduce the risk of groundwater pollution.8
3.2 Prevent soil loss/erosion/sedimentation through e.g. agriculture, dredging
 Soil building practices such as crop rotations, inter-cropping, symbiotic associations,

cover crops, organic fertilizers and minimum tillage are central to organic practices.
These encourage soil fauna and flora, improving soil formation and structure and
creating more stable systems. In turn, nutrient and energy cycling is increased and the
retentive abilities of the soil for nutrients and water are enhanced, compensating for
the non-use of mineral fertilizers. Such management techniques also play an important
role in soil erosion control. The length of time that the soil is exposed to erosive forces is
decreased, soil biodiversity is increased, and nutrient losses are reduced, helping to
maintain and enhance soil productivity.9
3.3 Keep nutrient and pollution levels (e.g. chemical pollution, agrochemical runoff, sewerage)
within carrying capacities of receiving ecosystems
Development Policy No. 7. Effects of agricultural chemical residues shall be monitored and
regulated.
 It is very important to monitor and regulate the use of agricultural chemicals. Pollution
from fertilizers occurs when these are applied more heavily than crops can absorb or
when they are washed or blown off the soil surface before they can be incorporated.
Excess nitrogen and phosphates can leach into ground-water or run off into waterways.
This nutrient overload causes eutrophication of lakes, reservoirs and ponds, leading to
8
“FAQ on Organic Agriculture.” Accessed 25 May 2015, http://www.fao.org/organicag/oa-faq/oa-faq6/en/
9
35 | P a g e
an explosion of algae which suppress other aquatic plants and animals. Insecticides,
herbicides and fungicides when applied heavily will pollute fresh water with carcinogens
and other poisons that affect humans and many forms of wildlife. Pesticides also reduce
biodiversity by destroying weeds and insects and hence the food species of birds and
other animals10
 Organic agriculture considers the medium- and long-term effect of agricultural

interventions on the agro-ecosystem. It aims to produce food while establishing an
ecological balance to prevent soil fertility or pest problems.11
3.4 Minimize solid waste for disposal
CLUP General Objective: To strengthen the implementation of proper waste management

program
 Proper waste management is the number one solution for problems on waste. The LGU
should properly implement RA 9003 and an intensive IEC should also be part of the
program to be implemented.
3.5 Minimize climate change impacts
CLUP General Objective: To promote and strengthen forest protection awareness integrated
with climate change adaptation among farmers
 Forests, when sustainably managed, can have a central role in climate change mitigation
and adaptation. As per identified by FAO, forests have four major roles in climate
change: they currently contribute about 1/6 of global carbon emissions when cleared,
overused or degraded; they react sensitively to a changing climate; when managed
10
“Agriculture and the environment” Accessed 25 May 2015 at
http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/y3557e/y3557e11.htm
11
“FAQ on Organic Agriculture.” Accessed 25 May 2015 at http://www.fao.org/organicag/oa-faq/oa-faq6/en/
36 | P a g e
sustainably, they produce woodfuels as a benign alternative to fossil fuels; and finally,
they have the potential to absorb about 1/10 of global carbon emissions projected for
the first half of this century into their biomass, soils and products and store them - in
principle in perpetuity.12
 Organic agriculture reduces non-renewable energy use by decreasing agrochemical
needs (these require high quantities of fossil fuel to be produced). Organic agriculture
contributes to mitigating the greenhouse effect and global warming through its ability to
sequester carbon in the soil. Many management practices used by organic agriculture
(e.g. minimum tillage, returning crop residues to the soil, the use of cover crops and
rotations, and the greater integration of nitrogen-fixing legumes), increase the return of
carbon to the soil, raising productivity and favouring carbon storage. A number of
studies revealed that soil organic carbon contents under organic farming are
considerably higher. The more organic carbon is retained in the soil, the more the
mitigation potential of agriculture against climate change is higher.13
4. Improve the quality of life
Investors will likely require fast and high returns to make tourism investment
worthwhile; large-scale resorts have higher leakage, increase dependence on tourism and
benefits concentrated in area (already the largest foreign exchange earner), some job
opportunities for less skilled people-but in areas where the most opportunities already exist
and risk of volume and intensity of activity displacing local uses are the impacts/issues
identified.
4.1 Maximize retention of benefits
Development Thrust: Proposed Growth Node Areas: Satellite Commercial Center
12
“Roles of forests in climate change: Accessed 25 May 2015 at
http://www.fao.org/forestry/climatechange/53459/en/
13
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 Barangay Dibibi, one of the fast growing internal barangay in the municipality has an
existing commercial establishments such as groceries and cooperatives, presence of
small scale industries such as woodcraft industry, furniture makers, and mobile rice
mills, institutional establishments such as birthing center, secondary and elementary
school. This serve as trading centers of nearby upland Brgy. Tucod, Dingasan, Calaocan
and part of Didipio.
PPP on Industry: “A favorable environment for investment in terms of peace and order
maintenance will be constantly provided and maintained in order to encourage businessmen to
establish new economic activities in the locality.”
4.2 Increase resilience and stability of the economy
Development Thrust: Growth Node Areas: Satellite Commercial Center, Extension of

Commercial/ Institutional Center, Extension of Institutional Complex
Development Policy No. 8: Promotion of organic farming/regulate the use of glyposate
PPP on Agriculture: Strong Farmer-Based Organizations, improveent in the marketing syste and
post-harvest operations, price support.
PPP of Commerce: Utilization of government and private investments to the fullest, encourage
NGOs and POs to lead commercial investment programs.
PPP on Industry: Establishment of industrial areas that will provide employment opportunity and
provision of technical assistance to improve performance of existing industries through the
provision of information and technology.
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 Barangay Dibibi serves as trading centers of nearby upland Brgy. Tucod, Dingasan,
Calaocan and part of Didipio.
 Expansion of commercial center is inevitable within the built up areas hence, barangay
Mangandingay is along national highway where various commercial establishments has
been constructed. The presence of DPWH District Office, tertiary school, Congressman’s
residential house and the proposed Provincial General Hospital magnify the commercial
growth of the barangay.
 The conversion of the Quirino Polytechnic College into a satellite school of Quirino State
University required wider school complex thus, encourage the expansion of institutional
areas in Brgy San Marcos, where the capitol complex is located.
4.3 Reduce poverty and give benefits to the less well-off
Development Policy No. 3: Vulnerable settlements that cannot be relocated shall have an
operational community-based disaster management plan.
 Majority of hazards areas prone to landslide and erosion in the municipality are located In brgys
that are within steep slopes.
 In Brgy. Calaocan, the presence of a tension cracks in upper portion of purok 4 and lower
 There are other very high and critical areas identified by the MGB that requires a close
monitoring scheme by the Local Disaster and Risk Reduction Council.
 In Brgy Tucod, there is an active landslide that directly affects the Tucod National Highschool,
slide materials are expected to increase in the event of prolong heavy rainfalls that would cover
the school. In Brgy Eden vegetation cover within steep slope prevented the occurrence of active
landslide yet, in the event of prolong rainfall that may saturate the grounds and loosen soil
cover will cause landslide and erosion.
 Flood-prone areas in the municipality are found besides water tributaries. Siltation of rivers
cause by heavy rainfalls may cause sudden occurrence of flood.
4.4 Share benefits with people in areas not developed for tourism (e.g. remote islands,
interior areas)
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Development Policy No. 10: Tourism projects shall be evaluated equally for their income
generation potential as for the environmental degradation, displacement of local residents and
moral corruption that usually accompany these projects.
Maintain local people’s access to environmental resources
Development Policy No. 12: Encourage maintenance of greenery in public and private lots not
only for amenity but for its carbon sequestration function.
5.0 Make decisions in ways to reconcile different need and demands
The impacts and issues identified involves the capability of the decision makers to look
into the socio-economic well-being of local residents given the current and future development
plans of the municipality, notably that of the small farmers within the community.
5.1 Manage resources in a coordinated way
5.2 Resolve any competition for resources between different activities fairly and
accountably
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 The secondary development thrust of Cabarroguis is Ecological Tourism which

encompasses development of potential tourist spot and establishment of tourism
related facilities.
 Proposed growth areas in the CLUP, intended for extension of commercial complex
is Brgy. Mangandingay will likely influence the barangays of Banuar, Gundaway same
as with the proposed institutional complex that will also affect Brgy. Gundaway.
This will likely bring pressure to the significant protected areas in both barangays of
Gundaway and Banuar.
 Establishment of bufferzone of forest especially those within the 30%-50% slope
 Further development will cause disturbance to species (flora and fauna) including
their habitats
 Preserve areas that were identified with geo-hazards
 Areas with high landslide susceptibility and other areas where tension cracks,
seepage and other hazards are present were identified and that proposed
development policy in the CLUP encompasses the relocation of these identified
facilities to safe zones.
5.3 Promote a reciprocal, respectful relationship between resource owners and tourism
developers. This objective reflects on the Development Policy No. 11 as stated in 5.2
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5.4 Make negotiations and decisions demonstrably fair, free from corruption and
evidence based
Development Policy No. 4: Industrial and Commercial land use should be properly located in
 For the proposed general land use plan, the existing commercial area within the
urban core warrants a larger expansion considering the expected influx of
businessman to invest in the area. The business potential of the strategic location of
the urban core being located at the center of the municipality be fully utilized.
 For the proposed general land use plan, industrial zone in the urban core is
principally located at Brgy. Villamor, the proposed site of Cabarroguis Industrial
Growth Center. The total land area for this use is 7.59 hectares or about 7.61% of
the total land area of the urban core.
 This policy will form part of the proposed development growth areas of the
municipality, specifically the satellite commercial center for commercial and
industries.
Development Policy No. 6: Environmental impact rather than potential revenue shall be the
primary consideration in granting permits for business and industrial establishment.
 To maintain ecological balance and to preserve the watershed for the water bodies,
the forest area cannot be reduced nor be re-classified into other uses.
 Decrease the existing area for residential purposes to what is required
 Maintain more areas for open grassland and forest lands
 Proposed development of growth areas in already-developed areas
Development Policy No.7: Effects of agricultural chemical residues shall be monitored and
regulated.
 The municipality shall pursue intensified agricultural commercial as its primary

development thrust through the implementation of infrastructure support like
42 | P a g e
irrigation, farm-to-market roads, flood control, communication facilities, water and
power supply.
 The secondary development thrust of Cabarroguis is Ecological Tourism which encompasses

development of potential tourist spot and establishment of tourism related facilities.
 The development policies, programs and projects were further evaluated using the scoring
table created by Levett and McNally in 2003 on the relationship of the sustainability objectives
with that of the aforementioned PPPs. The assessment is organized in the matrix below.
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Sustainability Objectives CLUP Policy/Program/Project to Support Score Impacts/Issues
Objectives
1.0 Main and enhance environmental
quality
1.1 Protect, enhance and restore special Development Policy No. 4: Establishment of ++ Further development (concentrated in areas
ecosystems esp. forests buffer zone of forest especially with in the 30% already developed) will tend to increase
(Protection forest, production forest) -50% slope. pressure on these ecosystems
1.2 Maintain and where possible increase Development Policy No. 11: The ecological ++ Further development will tend to increase
populations of species under threat function shall be paramount over economic disturbance of these species and their habitats.
and other considerations when allowing the
use of protected areas.
1.3 Protect archeological, historical and n/a Higher visitor pressures will hasten erosion.
cultural assets
2.0 Keep Beautiful/Attractive
2.1 Maintain tranquil unspoilt areas Development Policy No. 11: The ecological ++ Concentration of development in already-
function shall be paramount over economic developed areas will generally protect currently
and other considerations when allowing the tranquil areas, though proposals for more
use of protected areas. secondary attractions may encroach.
Proposed development of already-developed

areas as growth centers
2.2 Avoid visual aesthetic, noise pollution Development Policy No. 5: Strict zoning + Strict zoning of incompatible land uses will
regulation shall be enforced on livestock, avoid visual and noise pollution.
piggery, houses and wood processing located
in residential areas. Development likely to add to intrusion
(although damage will be limited because it will
PPP: Intensified conducts of cleanliness and be concentrated in areas already developed).
beautification campaigns
Proposed development of already-developed

areas as growth centers
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2.3 Minimize traffic and congestion Development Policy No. 4: Industrial and + Development will generate more visitor, traffic,
Commercial land use should be properly concentrated on corridors, which already has
located in consideration of their traffic relatively high traffic.
generation potential and pollution impact.
Concentration of development in already-
developed areas risks overheating traffic and
congestion.
2.4 Avoid overdevelopment Development Policy No. 9: Establishment of + Concentration of development in already-
easement and buffer zone and strict developed areas risks overheating them.
enforcement of zoning and building
regulations
Development Policy No. 6: Environmental

impact rather than potential revenue shall be
the primary consideration in granting permits
for business and industrial establishment
2.5 Sensitive, high quality, distinctive N/A - Unclear whether developers will see this as
design necessary for attractiveness, or an unnecessary
extra cost.
2.6 Unobtrusive infrastructure Development Policy No. 9: Establishment of + Emphasis on high capacity infrastructure likely
easement and buffer zone and strict to cause damage.
enforcement of zoning and building
regulations
2.7 Avoid litter, dumping PPP: Adoption of an efficient home-based + More development will generate more waste.
garbage disposal system Currently much of this will be littered and/or
dumped.
PPP: Intensified conducts of cleanliness and
beautification campaigns
3.0 Develop within environmental
resource carrying capacities
3.1 Maintain freshwater resources PPP on Water: “Development of point + Large-scale resort development is highly thirsty;
sources of water and spring development in for example through golf courses.
the rural areas that serve the most number of
people. Availability of an adequately
controlled and stable supply of water to the
farms (CLUP: 90)”
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General Land Use Plan on Forest: To maintain ++ Forests help maintain healthy aquatic
ecological balance and to preserve the ecosystems and provide reliable supplies of
watershed for the water bodies the forest area clean freshwater. But not only do they filter and
cannot be reduced, could not be proposed nor clean water -- forests also help prevent soil
to be re classified into other uses. It has an erosion, reduce sedimentation in reservoirs and
aggregated area of 7,083.67 hectares or mitigate the risks of mudslides and floods, all
26.33% of the total land area of Cabarroguis. problems that can threaten downstream water
supplies. And while forests themselves
consume water, they also improve infiltration
rates, thereby helping recharge underground
aquifers.
Development Policy No. 8. Promotion of
organic farming/ regulate the use of glyposate In many agriculture areas, pollution of
+ groundwater courses with synthetic fertilizers
and pesticides is a major problem. As the use of
these is prohibited in organic agriculture, they
are replaced by organic fertilizers (e.g. compost,
animal manure, green manure) and through the
use of greater biodiversity, enhancing soil
structure and water infiltration. Well managed
organic systems with better nutrient retentive
abilities, greatly reduce the risk of groundwater
pollution.
3.2 Prevent soil Development Policy No. 8. Promotion of ++ Soil building practices such as crop rotations,
loss/erosion/sedimentation through e.g., organic farming/ regulate the use of glyposate inter-cropping, symbiotic associations, cover
agriculture, dredging crops, organic fertilizers and minimum tillage
are central to organic practices. These
encourage soil fauna and flora, improving soil
formation and structure and creating more
stable systems. In turn, nutrient and energy
cycling is increased and the retentive abilities of
the soil for nutrients and water are enhanced,
compensating for the non-use of mineral
fertilizers. Such management techniques also
play an important role in soil erosion control.
The length of time that the soil is exposed to
erosive forces is decreased, soil biodiversity is
increased, and nutrient losses are reduced,
46 | P a g e
helping to maintain and enhance soil
productivity.
3.3 Keep nutrient and pollution levels Development Policy No. 7. Effects of ++ It is very important to monitor and regulate the
(e.g., chemical pollution, agrochemical agricultural chemical residues shall be use of agricultural chemicals. Pollution from
runoff, sewerage) within carrying monitored and regulated. fertilizers occurs when these are applied more
capacities of receiving ecosystems heavily than crops can absorb or when they are
washed or blown off the soil surface before
they can be incorporated. Excess nitrogen and
phosphates can leach into ground-water or run
off into waterways. This nutrient overload
causes eutrophication of lakes, reservoirs and
ponds, leading to an explosion of algae which
suppress other aquatic plants and animals.
Insecticides, herbicides and fungicides when
applied heavily will pollute fresh water with
carcinogens and other poisons that affect
humans and many forms of wildlife. Pesticides
also reduce biodiversity by destroying weeds
and insects and hence the food species of birds
and other animals.
Organic agriculture considers the medium- and

long-term effect of agricultural interventions on
the agro-ecosystem. It aims to produce food
Development Policy No. 8. Promotion of while establishing an ecological balance to
organic farming/ regulate the use of glyposate prevent soil fertility or pest problems.
3.4 Minimize solid waste for disposal CLUP General Objective: To strengthen the ++ Proper waste management is the number one
implementation of proper waste management solution for problems on waste. The LGU should
program properly implement RA 9003 and an intensive
IEC should also be part of the program to be
implemented.
3.5 Minimize climate change impacts CLUP General Objective: To promote and ++ Forests, when sustainably managed, can have a
strengthen forest protection awareness central role in climate change mitigation and
integrated with climate change adaptation adaptation. As per identified by FAO, forests
among farmers have four major roles in climate change: they
currently contribute about 1/6 of global carbon
emissions when cleared, overused or degraded;
they react sensitively to a changing climate;
47 | P a g e
when managed sustainably, they produce
woodfuels as a benign alternative to fossil fuels;
and finally, they have the potential to absorb
about 1/10 of global carbon emissions
projected for the first half of this century into
their biomass, soils and products and store
them - in principle in perpetuity.
Organic agriculture reduces non-renewable

energy use by decreasing agrochemical needs
++ (these require high quantities of fossil fuel to be
Development Policy No. 8.Promotion of produced). Organic agriculture contributes to
organic farming/ regulate the use of glyposate mitigating the greenhouse effect and global
warming through its ability to sequester carbon
in the soil. Many management practices used by
organic agriculture (e.g. minimum tillage,
returning crop residues to the soil, the use of
cover crops and rotations, and the greater
integration of nitrogen-fixing legumes), increase
the return of carbon to the soil, raising
productivity and favouring carbon storage. A
number of studies revealed that soil organic
carbon contents under organic farming are
considerably higher. The more organic carbon is
retained in the soil, the more the mitigation
potential of agriculture against climate change
is higher.
4.0 Improve the quality of life
4.1 Maximize retention of benefits Development Thrust: Growth Node Areas: ~ Investors likely to require fast and high returns
Satellite Commercial Center to make tourism investment worthwhile; large-
scale resorts have higher leackage.
PPP on Industry: A favorable environment for
investment in terms of peace and order
maintenance will be constantly provided and
maintained in order to encourage
businessmen to establish new economic
activities in the locality.
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4.2 Increase resilience and stability of the Development Thrust: Growth Node Areas: + Will further increase dependence on tourism
economy Satellite Commercial Center, Extension of (already the largest foreign exchange earner).
Commercial/ Institutional Center, Extension of
Institutional Complex
Development Policy No. 8: Promotion of

organic farming/regulate the use of glyphosate
PPP on Agriculture: Strong Farmer-Based

Organizations
PPP on Agriculture: Improvement in the

marketing system and post-harvest operations
PPP on Agriculture: Price Support
PPP of Commerce: Utilization of government

and private investments to the fullest.
PPP on Commerce: Encourage NGOs and POs

to lead commercial investment programs.
PPP on Industry: Establishment of industrial

areas that will provide employment
opportunity and provision of technical
assistance to improve performance of existing
industries through the provision of information
and technology.
4.3 Reduce poverty and give benefits to Development Policy No. 3: Vulnerable ++ Some job opportunities for less skilled people-
the less well off settlements that cannot be relocated shall but in areas where the most opportunities
have an operational community-based disaster already exist.
management plan.
PPP on Agriculture: Agricultural Modernization

and increased productivity to uplift the
standard of living among farmers by increasing
their income beyond the poverty threshold
and to achieve food sufficiency and sustain
49 | P a g e
food surplus by year 2023
PPP on Agriculture: Strong Farmer-Based

Organizations
PPP on Agriculture: Improvement in the

marketing system and post-harvest operations
PPP on Agriculture: Price Support
PPP on Commerce: Enhancement of

commercial development and rational
distribution of commercial facilities and
amenities to serve the needs of the residents.
PPP on Social: Housing.
PPP on Social: Nutrition Strategies.
PPP on Social: Social Welfare Services.

4.4 Share benefits with people in areas not Development Policy No. 10: Tourism projects ~ Benefits concentrated in areas, which already
developed for tourism (e.g., remote shall be evaluated equally for their income benefit from tourism
islands, interior areas) generation potential as for the environmental
degradation, displacement of local residents
and moral corruption that usually accompany
these projects.
Development Policy No. 11: The ecological

function shall be paramount over economic
4.5 Maintain local people’s access to Development Policy No. 10: Tourism projects + Risk of volume and intensity of activity
environmental resources shall be evaluated equally for their income displacing local uses. Though contained in
generation potential as for the environmental certain areas.
these projects.
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function shall be paramount over economic
Development Policy No. 12: Encourage

maintenance of greenery in public and private
lots not only for amenity but for its carbon
sequestration function.
4.6 Do not disrupt or undermine N/A 0 Concentration on tourism and money likely to
underlying cultural life, norms and worsen; erosion of traditional norms already
meanings noted.
5.0 Make decisions in ways that
reconcile different needs and
demands
5.1 Manage resources in a coordinated PPP on Agriculture: “1.2. Strong farmer based ++ Agricultural development thrust with revitalized
way organization (CLUP:81)” cooperatives willpromote the social and
economic well-being ofsmall farmers.
5.2 Resolve any competition for resources Development Policy No. 10: Tourism projects +
between diff. activities fairly and shall be evaluated equally for their income
accountably generation potential as for the environmental
these projects.

function shall be paramount over economic +
5.3 Promote a reciprocal, respectful Development Policy No. 11: The ecological +
relationship bet. Resource owners and function shall be paramount over economic
tourism developers and other considerations when allowing the
5.4 Make negotiations and decisions Development Policy No. 4: Industrial and +
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demonstrably fair, free from corruption Commercial land use should be properly
and evidence based located in consideration of their traffic
generation potential and pollution impact.
Development Policy No. 6: Environmental +

impact rather than potential revenue shall be
the primary consideration in granting permits
for business and industrial establishment.
Development Policy No.7: Effects of

agricultural chemical residues shall be +
monitored and regulated.
Development Policy No. 10: Tourism projects

shall be evaluated equally for their income +
generation potential as for the environmental
these projects.
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Part II: THE
INTEGRATION
OF SEA
OBJECTIVES Photos c/o of Cabarroguis Official Website
IN THE CABARROGUIS CLUP

For this Part, the Group assessed and evaluated the Cabarroguis CLUP against the
following objectives:
1. Maintain and Enhance Environmental Quality

2. Keep Beautiful/attractive
3. Develop within environmental resource carrying capacities
4. Improve the Quality of Life
5. Make decisions in ways that reconcile different needs and demands
1. Maintain and Enhance Environmental Quality
The forestlands in the municipality constitute about 29.42% of its total land area and
further classified into protection and production forests. The former is the forest with 18-50%
slope while the latter is subdivided into four (4) sub-watersheds. The conservation of these
forest is important in maintaining of the forest cover which provides additional benefits and
services e.g. cooler microclimate, carbon sequestration capacity, etc. However, any
developmental activities within said forestlands will have adverse effects resulting to increased
53 | P a g e
encroachment, insufficient supply of water from natural resources, contamination of rivers and
disruptions of natural habitats. Other important areas for conservation is the fish sanctuary
and the habitat for soft-shelled turtle. Barangay Eden serves as habitat for bats while Susong
Dalaga and Banuar Caves, located in Barangays Gundaway and Banuar respectively, are for
other endangered species. Conservationists have exerted more efforts to save forests,
wildlife/endangered species to ensure increase in population or its mere existence.
One of the Municipality’s identified development policies is the establishment of buffer
zone of forest especially within the 30%-50% slope. This is in pursuant to the Republic Act
7586 (NIPAS Act) wherein buffer zones are areas identified located outside the boundaries of
and immediately adjacent to designated protected areas that need special development control
in order to avoid or minimize harm to the protected area. As such, demarcation of buffer
zones and its strict implementation within protection forests must strictly be adhere to by the
concerned local government units (LGUs). Moreso, provisions of the Agriculture and Fishery
Modernization Act (AFMA) specifically the Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development
Zones (SAFDZ) must be strictly enforced to ensure lands are efficiently and sustainably utilized
for food and non-food production and agro-industrialization. Imposition of no fishing zone
within the fish sanctuary during spawning season is also essential to ensure that the breeding
ground will have enough spawn for increased production.
As defined by Republic Act No. 7942 (Philippine Mining Act of 1995), mining exploration
means searching or prospecting for mineral resource by geological, geochemical or geophysical
surveys, remote sensing, test pitting, trenching, drilling, shaft sinking, tunneling, or any other
means for purpose of determining the existence, extent, quantity and quality thereof and the
feasibility of mining them for profit. Operated by the Oceana Gold, the copper mine extraction
at the portions of barangays Tucod, Dingasan, and the whole area of disputed barangay Didipio
will directly affect the municipality in a way that there will be irreversible alteration of
geological landscape and disturbance to other rock formation. Water-related pollutions caused
by mining tailings include metal contamination, increased sediment levels in streams, among
others. The sediments cause siltation or smothering of streambeds which will then affect
54 | P a g e
fisheries, domestic water supply, irrigation and other stream uses. This is, however, in contrast
with the municipality’s policy, as stated: “Environmental impact rather than potential revenue
shall be the primary consideration in granting permits for business and industrial
establishment”.
The National Government Agencies (NGAs) and the Local Government Units (LGUs)
must actively coordinate and work together with the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR), Department of Agriculture (DA), and Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic
Resources (BFAR) to succeed in implementing environmental laws/policies as well as programs
and projects. One of the functions devolved to the LGU is the adoption of measures to
safeguard and conserve land, mineral, marine, forest, and other resources, as provided by
Republic Act 7160 (Local Government Code). The NGAs, in partnership with the academe can
provide technical know-how and capability/capacity buildings to local partners due their
abundant knowledge and financial resources. The LGUs, on the other hand, are expected to
have in-depth knowledge on how to effective and efficient safeguard and conserve our natural
resources. The formulation of any proactive Plans, Programs, and Policies can be drafted and
well-received with the active participation of the urban poor, government agencies (local and
national), academe/research institutions and affected stakeholders.
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Objectives Land Use Element Effects Mitigating Alternatives Monitoring
Measures Measures
1.1 Protect, enhance, Protection Forest  Increase in  Conservation of  Strict  Coordinate with
and restore special  Lands that are encroachment forest vegetation implementation of DENR and tie-up
ecosystems esp. those with 18% to  Water pollution and wildlife buffer zones with academe,
forests; 50% slope and contamination  Proper waste  Promote carbon NGO on
regardless of forest  Insufficient supply segregation sequestration conservation
cover of water from  Sustainable forest programs and related research
natural sources management projects and projects
Production forest practices
 subdivided into  Strict
four (4) sub- implementation
watersheds: WS1, and enforcement
WS2, WS3, and of forestry-related
WS4. laws
1.2 Maintain and Riverbank of the  Disturbance and  Strict implementat  No fishing zone  Coordination with
where possible declared fish sanctuary destruction of ion and within fish DA, DENR, BFAR
increase populations of in natural habitats enforcement of the sanctuary during and other
species under threat Barangay Eden  Extinction of RA 7586 (NIPAS) spawning season concerned
 Serve as habitat for endangered  Establishment of agencies
soft-shelled turtle species i.e. soft- buffer zones within
Susong Dalaga and shelled turtle 30-50% slope
Banuar Caves located in
Gundaway and Banuar
respectively
 Habitat of bat and
other endangered
species
1.3 Protect sites of Copper mines  Irreversible  Strict implementat  Intensive  Coordinate with
geological interests extraction in portions in negative impact ion and Information, DENR-MGB,
Barangays Tucod,  Alteration of enforcement of the Education and DOT and the Local
Dingasan and whole geological RA 7586 (NIPAS), Communication to Government Units
area of the disputed landscape and RA 8435 affected barangay
Barangay Didipio  Disturbance of rock (AFMA), RA 8749 residents
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formation (Clean Air Act), RA  Capability and
Registered quarry was  Disturbance to 9275 (Clean Water capacity building
recorded with an land, vegetation, Act) for community
aggregrate area of 2.65 riverbeds  Moratorium on
hectrares is in  Air and water large-scale mining
operation in Barangay pollution  Strict
Dibibi implementation of
the buffer zones
 Imposition of
stiffer penalties, in
pursuant to NIPAS
Enhanced riverbed
protection
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2. Keep Beautiful/ Attractive
Aside from the four barangays namely Brgy. Tucod, Brgy. Dibibi, Brgy. Dingasan and
Brgy. Eden that are within the Quirino Protected Landscape (QPL), there are other barangays
and specific areas with tranquil natural beauty that are deemed necessary to be protected and
maintained. These include protected areas such as the habitat of endangered species like the
riverbank of the declared fish sanctuary and habitat of the endangered soft-shelled turtle or
“Cagot” in Brgy. Eden, bird sanctuaries and other protected areas that are potential tourism
sites which include Banuar Cave and Susong Dalaga Mountain located in Brgy. Banuar and Brgy.
Gundaway, respectively.
Other existing land use element and activities that are significant to be regulated to
maintain tranquil unspoilt quality of environment include unregulated use of protection forest
as production forest. as well as the copper mines extraction in portions of Barangays Tucod,
Dingasan and whole area of the disputed Barangay Didipio. While these areas have been used
for production, it is important to regulate these activities in order to minimize the adverse
impacts to the adjacent unspoilt areas. For the protection forest, regulation in the extraction of
forest products will preserve the tranquility of the protection forest. This will further reduce
possible alteration of the geological landscape, hence minimizing chance of soil erosion,
possible disturbance of the natural habitat and extinction of wildlife. As for the case of mining
extraction areas, moratorium on large-scale mining will impede the possible contamination of
soil to the downstream protected areas from the mine tailings as well as possible extinction of
wildlife and their habitat.
As per the CLUP of Cabarroguis, the municipality has various development plans that
will inevitably affect the beauty and attractiveness of the natural environment. Notable of
these plans are the proposed hydropower plant within the QPL, specifically in Brgy. Dingasan,
Ecological Tourism in the protected areas of Brgy. Eden, Banuar and Gundaway. and
development of the proposed growth centers, specifically consist of the development of
Satellite Commercial Center in Brgy. Dibibi, Extension of commercial complex in Brgy.
58 | P a g e
Managandingay, and the Institutional Complex in Brgy. San Marcos, which is likely to influence
adjacent barangays and protected areas. Though the projects, once realized will bring economic
benefits to the locals and the entire municipality, including that of the adjacent municipalities
and the province, there will be physical alterations in the natural geological landscape, rock
formation, disturbance of the natural habitat and extinction of endangered species, and land
conversion.
Specifically, the proposed development of the growth centers bringing various socio-
economic opportunities and benefits is likely to increase rate of in-migration resulting to the
increase of population density in the area. As a result of change, it is likely to have traffic
congestion, noise pollution, overdevelopment and increase in volume of waste generation in
the areas of development. In order to avoid these impacts that will definitely alter the natural
beauty of the environment, it is deemed important to look into the various mitigating measures
that can be employed. Strict implementation of the CLUP and its Zoning Ordinance is first and
foremost the powerful instrument of the LGU of Cabarroguis. Other laws and policies that have
to be strictly implemented in the proposed areas of development are RA 8749 (Clean Air Act),
RA 6969 (Toxic and Hazardous Waste Act), RA 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act),
and the strict implementation of the Local Traffic Rules and Regulations and regulations
through collection of appropriate fines or application of the so called the polluter pays
principle.
Furthermore, the proposed development of growth centers including the two

development thrusts of the municipality which is intensified agricultural commercial and
ecological tourism are potentially associated with vital support infrastructures such as road
networks, water and power system, communication system, irrigations, housing facilities, and
other tourism related facilities in addition to the existing infrastructure support in the
municipality. Notwithstanding the economic benefits of these infrastructure supports to the
community, it is also significant that none of these facilities is dubbed to be “obtrusive
infrastructure” in order not to forgo the aesthetic value of the naturally beautiful environment
amid various developments, giving credit to the preserved ecology of Cabarroguis. Accordingly,
59 | P a g e
this goal can be attained through strict implementation of the Zoning Ordinance, the national
building code and strict regulation of the issuance of business and building permits to all
developers, from both the public and the private sector. Also, once the potential ecotourism
sites are developed, there will be disturbance and destruction of the natural habitats of species
and possible extinction of endangered species due to the influx of tourists in the area, Adverse
impacts of this development can be mitigated through strict implementation of the National
Integrated Protected Area System (NIPAS) Law, and promotion of IEC to all tourists during their
visit in the tourism sites.
Amid the current and future development thrusts of Cabarroguis bringing economic
development and at the same time threatening its natural and tranquil beauty, the effects can
be enhanced and the adverse impacts can be mitigated through various measures, focusing
among others in the strict implementation and adherence to existing laws and policies, capacity
building and development among local residents, local leaders and staffs of the LGU with the
collaborative efforts and support from the concerned agencies in the national level.
60 | P a g e
Objectives Land Use Element Effects Mitigating Alternatives Monitoring
Measures Measures
2.1 Maintain  Proposed Hydro  Alteration of  Strict  Implementation of  LGU to
tranquil unspoilt Power Plant in geological implementation of Protected Area coordinate
areas Brgy. Dingasan landscape NIPAS Law (RA Management Plan with DENR-
(within QPL)  Land Conversion 7586), Wildlife  Implement IEC PAWB, DENR-
 Eco-tourism in the  Disturbance and Conservation and program for MGB, DOT,
Protected Areas: loss of natural Protection Act (RA protected area and BFAR
- Brgy. Eden- habitat habitats 9147), National management
for soft-shelled  Landslide and soil Caves&Caves and protection
turtle erosion Resources
- Brgy. Gundaway-  Soil contamination Management Act  Implementation of
Susong Dalaga; due to mine (RA 9729) Rehabilitation
Brgy.Banuar- tailings  Compliance with Program for
Banuar Caves -  Extinction of the CLUP and Strict Protected Areas
Habitat of bat and endangered Implementation of  Adoption of
other endangered species i.e. soft- Zoning Ordinance co-
species shelled turtle  Establishment of management
 Increased buffer zones scheme to
encroachment  Regulation on
 Protection Forest mining and other
protect and
Lands maintain
related activities tranquil
 Copper mines  Regulation in the unpsoilt areas
extraction in extraction of
portions of Brgys. natural resources
Tucod, Dingasan  Moratorium on
and whole area of large-scale mining
the disputed Brgy.
of Didipio
 Proposed growth
centers influencing
other Brgys. within
protected areas:
- Satellite
Commercial Center
in Brgy Dibibi
affecting
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Brgy.Tucod,
Dingasan and
Burgos
- Extension of
Commercial
Complex in Brgy.
Mangandingay
(part of the urban
area) affecting
Brgy. Banuar,
Gundaway, and
Zamora
- Industrial Complex
in Brgy San Marcos
affecting Brgy.
Gundaway and
Zamora
2.2 Avoid visual  Proposed  Increased • Compliance with the  Implementation LGU to coordinate with
aesthetic, noise growth population density CLUP and strict and strict DENR, HLURB, and
pollution centers:  Land conversion implementation of enforcement of other concerned
- Satellite  Increased the ZO curfew hours in the agencies
Commercial Commercial • Ensure compliance urban centers
Center in Brgy. Establishments with all regulations  Regulation of
Dibibi,  Increased volume relevant to business operating
- Extension of of solid waste minimizing noise hours for
Commercial  Noise pollution  Strict commercial
Complex in implementatio establishments
Existing Urban n of RA 6969  Strict
area of Brgy. (ESWM Act) implementation of
Mangandingay and RA 9003 appropriate taxes
- Industrial (Toxic&Hazard and fines
Complex in Brgy. ous Waste
San Marcos Act)
2.3 Minimize traffic  Proposed  Increased  Strict  Development of  Coordination with
and congestion development of emissions of implementation of Traffic DENR, HLURB, and
growth centers: greenhouse gases ZO Management Plan other concerned
- Satellite  Increased  Strict enforcement agencies
Commercial
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Center in Brgy. population density of traffic rules and
Dibibi,  Land Conversion regulations and
- Extension of  Increased volume other related
Commercial of traffic policies
Complex in  Increased  Strict
Existing Urban population density implementation of
area of Brgy. RA 8749 (Clean Air
Mangandingay Act)
- Industrial
Complex in Brgy.
San Marcos
2.4 Avoid Proposed development  Landconversion  Strict  Development of  LGU to coordinate
overdevelopment of Growth Centers in  Increased implementation of alternative growth with DENR-EMB),
the existing urban core: population density the CLUP and ZO centers HLURB, and other
(Brgy  Increased number  Strict regulation in concerned
Zamora,Gundaway, of commercial the issuance of agencies
Mangandingay, San establishments business and
Marcos)  Air and water building permits
pollution  Strict
 Increased waste implementation of
generation RA 6969
(Toxic&Hazardous
Waste Control Act),
and RA 9003
(Ecological Solid
Waste
Management Act)
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2.6 Unobtrusive  Proposed • Diminished natural  Strict • Implementation of Coordinate with DENR,
infrastructure development of scenic view of implementation of appropriate taxation DPWH, DENR, DA, DOT
growth centers environment building code and and fines and other concerned
• Disturbance of ZO • Strict regulation in agencies
 Intensified biodiversity  Regulation in the the issuance of
Agriculture • Extraction of use and extraction business and
Commercial natural resources of natural building permits
• Increased cutting of resources
 Eco-tourism
trees  Intensified conduct
• Provision of of cleanliness and
infrastructure beautification
support like campaigns
irrigation, farm-to-
market roads etc.
• Establishment of
tourism related
facilities
• Increased
population density
• Land Conversion
2.7 Avoid litter, Proposed Growth  Increased waste  Strict Implementation and LGU to coordinate with
dumping Centers generation implementation of strict enforcement of DENR , DOH, DOT and
 Increased of RA 6969 anti-littering ordinance other concerned
Eco-tourism population density (Toxic&Hazardous with appropriate fines agencies
 Soil erosion Waste Control Act), Implementation of
and RA 9003 proper solid waste
(Ecological Solid management program
Waste
Establishment of
Management Act)
Municipal Material
 Adoption of
Recovery Facility (MRF)
efficient home-
based garbage
waste disposal
system
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3. Develop Within Environmental Resource Carrying Capacity
This SEA objective has five specific sub-objectives which are the following:
 Maintain freshwater resources

 Prevent soil loss/erosion/sedimentation through e.g., agriculture, dredging
 Keep nutrient and pollution levels (e.g., chemical pollution, agrochemical runoff, sewerage)
 Minimize solid waste for disposal
 Minimize climate change impacts
Maintain freshwater resources
According to the draft CLUP, Cabarroguis has a total length of 255,047.65m of bodies of
water which includes the Dumatata River, Addalem River and Dibibi Rivers.
But aside from the mentioned bodies of water, the municipality’s other source
freshwater is the watershed in its forests. And as mentioned earlier, the forest lands of the
Cabarroguis constitute an area of 7,913.5233 hectares or representing about 29.42 % of total
area of Cabarroguis and is distributed in the 4 sub-watersheds (CLUP 2013-2023:42).
To maintain ecological balance and to preserve the watershed for the water bodies the
forest area cannot be reduced, could neither be proposed nor be reclassified into other uses.
According to FAO, Forests help maintain healthy aquatic ecosystems and provide reliable
supplies of clean freshwater.14
In addition, protection of the river bank of the declared fish sanctuary in Barangay Eden
should be done. This is the habitat the endangered species of soft shelled turtle.
14
“Forests and freshwater: vital connections.” Accessed 25 May 2015,
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If not given proper focus, water pollution, river contamination, and “fish kill” may
happen due to mine tailings in the area. Also, possible extinction of endangered species, soft-
shelled turtle, might happen.
Hence, it is recommended that a strict implementation of RA 9275 (Clean Water Act), RA

7942 (Phil. Mining Law), and R.A. 9147 (Protection of Wildlife Resources and their Habitat) should
be done in the area.
Aside from this, it is recommended that farmers practice organic farming/agriculture. With
this, pollution of groundwater courses due to use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides will be
prevented. In organic agriculture, synthetic fertilizers and pesticides are replaced by organic
fertilizers (e.g. compost, animal manure, green manure). As a consequence, organic agriculture can
enhance the soil structure and water infiltration. A well-managed organic farm with better nutrient
retentive abilities will greatly reduce the risk of groundwater pollution.15
Prevent soil loss/erosion/sedimentation through e.g., agriculture, dredging
According to the CLUP, 49% of Cabarroguis has been experiencing slight to moderate
erosion (see table 2 and erosion map).
Table 2. Soil Erosion Condition

Cabarroguis, Quirino
Slope Classification Description Area (Has.) Percent
E0 No Apparent Erosion 12,537.63 51%
E1 Slight Erosion 4,794.66 19%
E2 Moderate Erosion 7,399.79 30%
15
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Erosion Map (Source: Cabarroguis, CLUP)
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Soil erosion, if not prevented could lead to reduce to soil fertility, minimal food
production, and may cause landslides. As explained by FAO, civilizations began where farming
was most productive. When farm productivity declined, usually as a result of soil
mismanagement, civilizations also declined - and occasionally vanished entirely.16
To prevent this, it is recommended that the effective soil and water conservation
measures should be conducted, use of glyphosate should be regulated, and planting of trees
especially on areas with moderate erosion should be done.
And as recommended earlier, organic farming should be practiced widely in the

municipality. Soil building practices such as crop rotations, inter-cropping, symbiotic
associations, cover crops, organic fertilizers and minimum tillage are central to organic
practices. These encourage soil fauna and flora, improving soil formation and structure and
creating more stable systems. In turn, nutrient and energy cycling is increased and the retentive
abilities of the soil for nutrients and water are enhanced, compensating for the non-use of
mineral fertilizers. Such management techniques also play an important role in soil erosion
control. The length of time that the soil is exposed to erosive forces is decreased, soil
biodiversity is increased, and nutrient losses are reduced, helping to maintain and enhance soil
productivity.17
It is very important to monitor and regulate the use of agricultural chemicals. Pollution
from fertilizers occurs when these are applied more heavily than crops can absorb or when they
are washed or blown off the soil surface before they can be incorporated. Excess nitrogen and
phosphates can leach into ground-water or run off into waterways. This nutrient overload
causes eutrophication of lakes, reservoirs and ponds, leading to an explosion of algae which
suppress other aquatic plants and animals.18
Insecticides, herbicides and fungicides when applied heavily will pollute fresh water with
carcinogens and other poisons that affect humans and many forms of wildlife. Pesticides also
16
“How Soil is Destroyed?” Accessed on 26 May 2015 at http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0389e/t0389e02.htm
17
18
“Agriculture and the environment” Accessed on 25 May 2015 at
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reduce biodiversity by destroying weeds and insects and hence the food species of birds and
other animals.19
Keep nutrient and pollution levels (e.g. chemical pollution, agrochemical runoff, sewerage)
As mentioned earlier, it is very important to monitor and regulate the use of agricultural
chemicals. Possible impact of non-regulation could be water and air pollution due to sulfur,
lands will become a “wasteland’” once mining activities has been rampant, degradation on soil
quality and fertility, and lastly, food insecurity.
Possible actions to be taken are regulation on the use of glyphosate, regulation and
monitoring of effects of agricultural chemical residues, and moratorium on mining permits.
Organic farming is also recommended since organic agriculture considers the medium- and
long-term effect of agricultural interventions on the agro-ecosystem. It aims to produce food
while establishing an ecological balance to prevent soil fertility or pest problems. 20
Minimize solid waste for disposal
It is imperative in any locality that a proper solid waste management practices will be
carried out. Improper handling of wastes could result to various problems to human health and
the environment. Strict implementation of RA 6969, 9003 should be carried out as well as
adoption of efficient home-based garbage waste disposal system. Other activities that could be
done are promotion of organic farming and IEC on proper waste segregation on HH levels.
19
20
69 | P a g e
Minimize climate change impacts
Climate change could make any area susceptible to flooding, erosion, and landslide,
siltation of riverbeds can occur and food insecurity may follow. Mitigation activities include
enhancement planting, reforestation and soil and water conservation measures. Alternatives
are Create climate resilient community, mainstreaming CCA/DRRM and environmentally critical
and hazardous area shall be properly demarcated and buffered.
70 | P a g e
3.1 Maintain  To maintain Water  Strict  Organic  Coordinate with
freshwater ecological balance pollution implementatio Agriculutre DENR, Mines
resources and to preserve the River n of RA 9275 and
watershed for the contamination (Clean Water Geosciences
water bodies the and “fish kill” Act), RA 7942 Bureau (MGB),
forest area cannot due to mine (Phil. Mining PNP
be reduced, could tailings Law), and R.A.
neither be Possible 9147
proposed nor be extinction of (Protection of
reclassified into endangered Wildlife
other uses. species e.g., Resources and
 Protection of the soft-shelled their Habitat)
river bank of the turtle
declared fish
sanctuary in
Barangay Eden.
This is the habitat
the endangered
species of soft
shelled turtle.
 Eco-tourism in
relation to the soft-
shelled turtle.
3.2 Prevent soil  49% of the land Reduce soil Conduct of effective Promotion of  Coordinate with
loss/erosion/ area of Cabarroguis fertility soil and water organic DA,
sedimentation are experiencing Minimal food conservation measures farming/green mulch PhilRice/IRRI
e.g. through slight to moderate production Regulate use of Farmer’s IEC on
agriculture, soil erosion Possibility of glyphosate Agri R&D
dredging landslide Planting of trees
especially on areas
with moderate erosion
(see erosion map)
3.3 Keep nutrient  Farm areas in the Water and Regulate use of Organic  Coordinate with
71 | P a g e
and pollution municipality air pollution glyphosate farming/green mulch DENR, MGB,
levels (e.g. due to sulfur Regulation and PNP
chemical ‘Wasteland’ monitoring of effects
pollution, Degradation of agricultural chemical
agrochemical on soil quality residues
runoff, and fertility Moratorium on
sewerage) within Food mining permits
carrying insecurity
capacities of
receiving
ecosystems
3.4 Minimize  Households Waste Strict Promotion of  Coordinate with
solid waste for pollution implementation of RA organic farming DENR, PNP
disposal 6969, 9003 IEC on proper
Adoption of efficient waste segregation on
home-based garbage HH levels
waste disposal system
3.5 Minimize  Whole municipality Susceptibility Enhancement Create climate  Coordinate with
climate change to flooding, planting resilient community DENR-Forest
impacts erosion, and Reforestation Mainstreaming Management
landslide Soil and water CCA/DRRM Bureau
Siltation of conservation measures Environmentally
riverbeds critical and
Food hazardous area shall
insecurity be properly
demarcated and
buffered
72 | P a g e
4. Improve Quality of Life
The municipality of Cabarroguis is one of the most developed cities in the Quirino
Province. As such, urban development has already plummet itself in the area. But the
municipality of course would have to develop over the years to be able to keep up with its
growing population, and the growing demand for services and needs. With limited resources
but need for the improvement in the lives of the population, there are certain factors that the
municipality would have to consider before developing and pushing for higher production
coming from the area.
To maximize the retention of benefits in Cabarroguis, there is a need to see the current
development and opportunities present in the area. Since there are four (4) built-up barangays
in the municipality, namely Gundaway, Zamora, Mangandingay, and San Marcos, there is
already potential within these barangays for higher growth, but it would entail increase in
infrastructure development and increase in services provided to keep up with the growing
population and opportunities being offered. Although the standard of living of the people in
Cabarroguis would increase and there would be generation of more jobs for the locals, these
thrusts would lead to the push for overexploitation of resources, and increase in the extraction
of mineral and natural resources, which would lead to environmental degradation. In order to
ensure the safety of the environment and maintenance of the resources, the local government
unit (LGU) of Cabarroguis should have mitigating measures in place, like having regulations in
mineral extraction, promote the conservation of the natural habitat of their species present in
their area, give greater importance for the ecological function of the area over economic
factors, and to adapt the R.A. 9147 or the Protection of Wildlife Resources and their Habitat.
Besides the mitigating measures mentioned, other alternatives that the municipality could look
into the need of upgrading the tools currently used by the farmers, give strength and support to
the farmers, and to protect the environment by preservation of areas that have the presence of
endangered species, as well as putting up buffer zones on dangerous areas for the safety of the
people. In order for us to successfully apply these methods, there is a need for the municipality
to coordinate with the Biodiversity Management Bureau (BMB) in terms of managing the
73 | P a g e
environment and protecting it from over-extraction and overexploitation, and also to address
the probable soil erosion caused by these extractions. In order to monitor daily these activities
and to secure the areas marked as protected areas, there is a need for the involvement of the
local deployed Philippine National Police (PNP) to patrol and make the necessary measures to
combat those who are going against the law.
In order to increase resilience and stability of the economy in Cabarroguis, we would

have to focus on the most important means of production in the municipality, which is
agriculture production. Although a large portion of the total land area allotted for agriculture is
for rice production, other commodities present in the municipality are corn, peanuts, fruits and
vegetables (p.56), with the presence of fruit bearing trees or orchard and other root crops
(p.60). Since the agriculture area is 5,296.91 hectares, approximately 19.69% of the total
municipal area, or 51.68% of the total urban core area, we could say that agriculture is a big
part of the lives and means of income generation for the people in Cabarroguis. With the right
support mechanism, the municipality would be experiencing higher profits, which would lead to
an increase in the standard of living of most of the community members. But the lack of
support for agriculture coming from the LGU could lead to insufficient food production, and the
proliferation of pests and diseases. In order to ensure the stability of the economy, the
municipality has identified its task to promote agricultural technology depending on the area
and need, and have the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) to help solve the problems in
agriculture. Besides these, the municipality could also look into the use of flood/drought
resistant rice varieties, improve their irrigation system to agricultural areas, and International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on IPM and Integrated Nutrient Management for the
removal of pests and diseases. These efforts could be pushed and done well with the proper
coordination with the Department of Agriculture (DA), and with PhilRice for the monitoring and
supplying of the needed seeds, as well as usage of best practices for agriculture.
There is a need to address the growing poverty incidence in the municipality, but with
the growth in population over the years coupled with in-migration, this could trigger the illegal
74 | P a g e
conversion of agriculture lands that are located in urban core areas, which could lead to the
possibility of having food insecurity and encroachment on designated Quirino Protected
Landscape (QPL) areas and protected areas within Cabarroguis. In order to combat these
negative effects, the municipality has identified the need for agricultural modernization, and to
conserve the natural habitat of species so as to maintain its natural resources. To further boost
the growth of agriculture production, there is a need for the promotion of location specific
agricultural technology, and for the protection of the natural habitat of the species found in
Cabarroguis, the community and the LGU would have to be cautious of the environmentally
critical and hazardous areas, which could lead to loss of lives and accidents in the community.
To help aid the LGU, there is a need to coordinate with the DA and with the BMB in order for
the LGU to be empowered with proper tools and techniques to deal with the challenges.
Not all barangays would be endowed with equal attractions and growths present in
their area, and one factor that could help push income generation is the presence of tourism
destinations. In order to have an equal distribution of wealth among the barangays especially to
its people, the sharing of benefits with people in areas not developed for tourism to help uplift
their economic capability is seen as a probable solution. But with the push for tourism, there
would be unregulated influx of tourists, which could cause overcrowding and uncontrolled
growth in the bulk of wastes generated, as well as the depletion of resources and the
availability of services. There is also an equal threat posted for the tourist sites, which are all
natural and protected, since there is possible problems of littering and the area exceeding its
carrying capacity, which could lead to destruction of its natural landscape and natural habitat.
The built-up areas would be more cramped since they would be the ones with the most
available services, and this will have a negative impact on the local residents who might be
displaced in order to cater to the huge influx of tourists. There is no regulation for the influx of
tourists to any area, but the LGU should be wary of its people before worrying about the
income from tourism since this effort is for the uplifting of the community.
To maintain local people’s access to environmental resources would lead to negative

impacts towards the local people and the environment. With the presence of copper mining in
75 | P a g e
Tucod, Dingasan, and Dipidio (excluding Dibibi since it is a disputed area), there is a threat for
the displacement of the local people due to in-migration by those who are interested with the
copper deposits in the area, as well as in-migration of workers employed by the companies.
With the sudden increase in population, there would be a shortage in the basic services
available in the municipality, which could lead to health problems, lack of education of the
population, decrease in safety and security of the area, and lack in utilities (e.g. power supply,
water, communication). For the municipality to combat these problems, there should be
preference to local workforce so as to help increase economic stability, at the same time reduce
in-migration, and the need for the immediate implementation of the Comprehensive
Development Plans/Programs (CDP) so that the local people would profit from their resources
instead of other people. Other alternatives that the LGU can look into would be to provide
community-based developmental activities to help improve the skills of the locals, and to
encourage the maintenance of greenery in public and private lots for the carbon sequestration,
which would enable the people to have access to clean air. The LGU would need to coordinate
with the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) in terms of employment benefits and
protection of their employees, and to coordinate with BMB for biodiversity matters in order to
ensure the safety and betterment of its municipality.
76 | P a g e
Objectives Land Use Elements Effects Mitigating Measures Alternatives Monitoring Measures
4.1 Maximize Built-up areas: Negative:  Regulation of Promotion of  Coordinate
retention of  Gundaway  Overexploitation of mineral technological with BMB
benefits  Zamora resources extraction innovation (Biodiversity
 Mangandingay  Over-extraction of  Conservation of Networking Management
 San Marcos mineral and natural natural habitat of farmer- Bureau)
Production forest: resources of species based  Coordinate
 Dingasan  Susceptibility to soil  The ecological organizations with PNP for
 Eden erosion function shall protection
 Dibibi Positive: be paramount Environmentall and policing
 Villarose  Increase standard over economic y critical and of
 Calaocan of living and other hazardous area environment
 Gomez  Generation of more considerations shall be
Protected areas: jobs for locals when allowing properly
 Susong Dalaga the use of demarcated
Cave (Gundaway) protected areas and buffered
 Banuar Caves  R.A. 9147
(Banuar) (Protection of
 Cagot Sanctuary Wildlife
(Eden) Resources and
 Protected forest their Habitat)
(Tucod)
Mining:
 Tucod
 Dingasan
 Didipio
4.2 Increase Agriculture: Negative:  Promotion of Use of  Coordinate
resilience and  5,296.91 hectares  Insufficient food location specific flood/drought with DA,
stability of of agriculture production agricultural resistant rice PhilRice
the economy land (19.69% of  Proliferation of technology varieties
total municipal pests and diseases  Integrated pest Provision of
area) scattered Positive: management year-round
everywhere  Increase standard (IPM) irrigation
77 | P a g e
of living IEC on IPM
and Integrated
Nutrient
Management
4.3 Reduce Agriculture: Negative:  Agricultural Promotion of  Coordinate
poverty and  5,296.91 hectares  Possibility of food modernization location with DA
give benefits of agriculture insecurity  Conservation of specific  Coordinate
to the less land (19.69% of  Possibility of natural habitat agricultural with BMB
well-off total municipal encroachment of species technology (Biodiversity
area) scattered Positive:  R.A. 9147 Management
everywhere  Decrease poverty (Protection of Environmentall Bureau)
Protected areas: incidence Wildlife y critical and
 Susong Dalaga Resources and hazardous area
Cave (Gundaway) their Habitat) shall be
 Banuar Caves properly
(Banuar) demarcated
 Cagot and buffered
Sanctuary and
Hot spring (Eden)
 Protected forest
(Tucod)
4.4 Share Protected areas: Negative:  N/A N/A  N/A
benefits with  Susong Dalaga  Unregulated influx
people in Cave (Gundaway) of tourists
areas not  Banuar Caves Positive:
developed for (Banuar)  Equal growth and
tourism (e.g.  Cagot distribution of
remote Sanctuary and wealth among
islands, Hot spring (Eden) barangays
interior areas) Built-up areas:
 Gundaway
 Zamora
 Mangandingay
 San Marcos
78 | P a g e
4.5 Maintain Built-up areas:  Displacement of  Preference local Provide  Coordinate
local people’s  Gundaway local people workforce Community- with DOLE
access to  Zamora  In-migration  Immediate based  Coordinate
environmenta  Mangandingay  Lack of basic social implementation developmental with BMB
l resources  San Marcos services of activities
Protected areas: Comprehensive Encourage
 Susong Dalaga Development maintenance of
Cave (Gundaway) Plans/Programs greenery in
 Banuar Caves public and
(Banuar) private lots not
 Cagot only for
Sanctuary and amenity but for
Hot spring (Eden) its carbon
 Protected forest sequestration
(Tucod) function
Mining:
 Tucod
 Dingasan
 Didipio
Social Services:
 Health Services
(Zamora, San
Marcos)
 Social Welfare (all
barangays)
 Education
 Protective
Services (police)
 Utilities (power:
all 17 barangays;
water;
communication:
cell sites in
Tucod, San
79 | P a g e
Marcos, and
Burgos; waste
management)
80 | P a g e
5. Make Decisions In Ways That Reconcile Different Needs And Demands
One of the objectives stipulated in the Cabarroguis CLUP is for the LGU “to empower the
community to participate in policy determination and decision making.” This is in line with the
bottom-up approach of local development planning as encouraged in the NLGC of 1991 (RA
7160). The management of forests and agricultural land resources should be done in
coordination with the primary stakeholders’ such as the local farmers as represented by the
established farmer’s cooperatives among other NGOs, and stakeholders that may involve other
government agencies. Such coordination will mitigate the negative effects of the Cabarroguis
CLUP’s development thrust such as over-utilization of land resources (other than for forest and
agricultural use) that favors mining, and more built-up areas. Consistent with the Cabarroguis
CLUP’s agricultural modernization program, the establishment of farmers cooperatives
complemented with information campaign will revitalize and elicit support from the farmers to
be active, effective and efficient players in the management of the endowed resources.
With the municipality’s forest being part of the QPL, there should be strict compliance in
the implementation of the NIPAS law. Competition for resources between forest, agriculture,
mining, tourism and built-up areas can be fairly and accountably resolved, guided by the
Cabarroguis CLUP’s Development Policy No. 11 which states that: “The ecological function shall
be paramount over economic and other considerations when allowing the use of protected
areas.” Adequate coordination and consultation with the farmers, other primary stakeholders
(government agencies), and the academe could provide informed decision making.
Decisions affecting the municipality’s population with regards to their land resources
should promote reciprocal and respectful relationship between the resource owners and
tourism developers. In the Cabarroguis CLUP’s Development Policy No. 10, it states that:
“Tourism projects shall be evaluated equally for their income generation potential as for the
environmental degradation, displacement of local residents and moral corruption that usually
accompany these projects.” The social and environmental cost to Cabarruguis’ forests, hills,
caves and springs, as part of the QPL, should be the least for the most economically beneficial
81 | P a g e
tourism development project Cabarruguis should invest in. The entry of investors should be
regulated while local community enterprise should be encouraged by providing appropriate
incentives. There should be coordination and consultation with various stakeholders for a more
socially and environmentally sensitive but economically viable tourism development.
Decisions and negotiations affecting the municipality’s population with regards to their
land resources should be based on fair judgment and appreciation of data supported by
authoritative and credible research done by the concerned NGAs, NGOs and the academic
community. The cost-benefit analysis of the QPL, or how mining pays for the goods and
services provided for by the forest, agro ecosystem, and biodiversity in Cabarraguis should be
best explained to various stakeholders in appropriate terms. There should be transparency by
way of information dissemination to the public in various media accessible primarily to laymen,
farmers, children, among others. There should be a venue for participatory planning.
82 | P a g e
Objectives Land Use Effects Mitigating Alternatives Monitoring
Elements Measures Measures
5.1 Manage resources in  Over-utilization of Linkaging of Establishment of Coordinations
a coordinated way land resources farmer-based farmer’s cooperatives done with
organizations Farmers’
Construction of Cooperatives
post-harvest
facilities
5.2 Resolve any  Massive land Strict  Promote co-
competition for conversion implementation of management of
resources between  Disturbance of natural NIPAS Law resources
different activities fairly habitats  Capacity building
and accountably on resource
management
5.3 Promote a  Displacement of local Strict Active participation of
reciprocal, respectful people implementation of local people/LGUs in
relationship bet.  Over-exploitation of NIPAS Law public consultations
Resource owners and resources Regulate entry Provision of incentives
tourism developers  Extinction of flora and of investors to local investors
fauna
5.4 Make negotiations  Stakeholders will be Transparency Participatory planning Coordination
and decisions deprived of informed Community IEC to entice with NGOs, POs,
demonstrably fair, free decisions participation stakeholders’ active COA, Ombudsman
from corruption and participation in decision
evidence based making
83 | P a g e
SUMMARY
CONCLUSION
AND Photos c/o of Cabarroguis Official Website
RECOMMENDATIONS
As the center and the most urbanized municipality of the province of Quirino,
Cabarroguis faces one of the greatest challenges when it comes to environmental protection
and conservation, as it continues to strive for development in order to boost its economy and
cater to the needs of the community. With the presence of the endangered species, fish
sanctuary, natural caves, and other environmentally critical areas, the municipality needs to
limit its thrust for development to areas where the natural landscape would not be altered in
such a way that it would harm these existing biodiversity.
The copper mining must be stopped since it will ultimately be the cause of destruction
to the environment with the degradation to air quality due to sulfur emissions, and tailings
from mining activities. This poses not only environmental threat, but also a threat to the health
of the people especially those who would access the water contaminated with mining dumps.
The LGU must enforce strict laws and monitoring procedures in order to combat this problem,
and must above all consider the importance of the ecological balance over profit.
As part of the Quirino Protected Landscape (QPL), the municipality of Cabarroguis must
properly identify key biodiversity areas, properly demarcate them, and protect these areas by
all cost. The LGU must apply the NIPAS Law (R.A. 7586), the Wildlife Conservation and
Preservation Act (R.A. 9147), and the National Caves & Caves Resources Management Act (R.A.
9729) as the backbone in its strict implementation and guidelines to its protective measures in
order to ensure the safety of these areas from human activities.
84 | P a g e
Agriculture must be given importance and more support in order to ensure food
security and to decrease poverty incidence. This will ultimately translate into better standard of
living for the people and at the same time, protect the agricultural lands from illegal land
conversion for other uses like for residential, commercial, and industrial. With protection and
efforts given to agriculture, the people of Cabarroguis will be able to have more stable income,
have higher purchasing power, and it would boost economic activities in general. This will help
not only in maintaining the benefits and income within the municipality, but also help in
improving the services of the LGU to its people since it will contribute to the local budget.
It is the duty and responsibility of the local government and its people to maintain and
protect the environment of Cabarroguis. The proper demarcation of critical and hazardous
areas with corresponding establishment of buffer zones to ensure the safety of the people and
also of the area is needed. If people would encroach near the protected forests, the fish
sanctuary, and the caves, not only would it be a threat to the endangered species present in
these habitat and to the environment, but it would also be a problem for the people since
services and development cannot be brought into these areas because they are supposed to be
preserved and protected.
85 | P a g e
References
Asian Development Bank. “Strategic Environmental Assessment in the Greater Mekong Subregion.” Accessed
1 May 2015, http://www.adb.org/publications/strategic-environmental-assessment-gms
Comprehensive Land Use Plan of Cabarroguis 2013-2023.
Cabarroguis Zoning Ordinance 2013
Cabarogguis. “Location.” Accessed 25 May 2015, http://cabarroguis.gov.ph/category/services/
Food and Agriculture Organization. “Agriculture and the environment” Accessed 25 May 2015 at
Food and Agriculture Organization. “FAQ on Organic Agriculture.” Accessed 25 May 2015,
http://www.fao.org/organicag/oa-faq/oa-faq6/en/
Food and Agriculture Organization. “Forests and freshwater: vital connections” Accessed on 25 May 2015 at
Food and Agriculture Organization. “Roles of forests in climate change: Accessed 25 May 2015 at
http://www.fao.org/forestry/climatechange/53459/en/
OECD (2006) Applying Strategic Environmental Assessment Good Practice Guidance For Development Co-
Operation.
Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Applying Strategic Environmental Assessment
(Paric, France, 2006
Quirino Provincial Development Physical Framework Plan 2011-2040
86 | P a g e
Annex I
Cabarroguis Land Use Plan
A.) BRIEF HISTORY OF CABARROGUIS

B.) HUMAN RESOURCE
B.1) POPULATION
B.2) POPULATION DENSITY
B.3) POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
B.4) LABOR
C.) PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
C.1) Physical Features
C.1.1) GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
C.1.2) TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION
C.1.3) ALIENABLE AND DISPOSAL LANDS
C.2) NATURAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
C.2.1). CLIMATOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
C.2.1.1) CLIMATE/RAINFALL
C.2.2) TOPOGRAPHY
C.2.2.1) SLOPE CLASSIFICATION
C.2.2.2) BODIES OF WATER
C.3) VEGETATION COVER
C.3.1.) SOIL CLASSIFICATION
C.3.2.) LAND CAPABILITY
C.3.3.) LAND SUITABILITY
C.4) HYDROGEOLOGIC FEATURES
C.5) HYDRO METEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS
C.6) CLIMATE RELATED HAZARD
C.7). DISASTER RISK ANALYSIS/DISASTER REDUCTION ASSESSMENT
87 | P a g e
C.8) BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION AREAS & OTHER SPECIAL INTEREST
AREAS
C.9)
C.9.1) FOREST LANDS
C.9.2) HABITAT OF ENDANGERED SPECIES
C.10) OTHER SPECIAL INTEREST AREAS
D. PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
D.1.) TRANSPORTATION
E.) SOCIAL SEVICES
E.1) HEALTH SERVICES
E.2) SOCIAL WELFARE
E.3) EDUCATION
E.4) PROTECTIVE SERVICES
F.) UTILITIES
F.1) POWER
F.2) WATER
F.2.1) FOR CONSUMPTION
F.2.2) FOR AGRICULTURAL USE
F.3) COMMUNICATION FACILITIES
F.3.1) POSTAL SERVICES
F.3.2) TRI-MEDIA SERVICES
F.3.3) CELL SITES NETWORK
F.4) WASTE MANAGEMENT
G.) ECONOMIC STRUCTURE
G.1) AGRICULTURE
G.2) LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY
G.3) COMMERCE
CLUP
88 | P a g e
Vision Statement
Mission
MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT GOALS and OBJECTIVES
EXISTING GENERAL LAND USE PLAN
A. Built-up Area
B. Agriculture
C. Open Grassland
D. Forest Area
E. Infrastructure and Utilities
F. Bodies of Water
EXISTING URBAN LAND USE
A. Residential
B. Commercial
C. Institutional Area
D. Industrial Area
E. Agricultural Area
F. Parks and Open Space
G. Streets and Roads
H. Utilities and Facilities
General Objectives
THE CONCEPT PLAN AND SPATIAL STRATEGY
DEVELOPMENT THRUSTS
SELECTION AND EVALUATION OF THE PREFERRED STRATEGY
GROWTH NODE AREAS
1. Satellite Commercial Center
2. Extension of Commercial/ Institutional Center
3. Extension of Institutional Complex
PROPOSED GENERAL LAND USE PLAN
89 | P a g e
1. SETTLEMENTS/BUILT-UP AREAS
2. AGRICULTURE
3. PARKS & OPEN GRASSLAND
4. FOREST
5. CEMETERY
6. COMMERCIAL ZONE
7. INSTITUTIONAL ZONE
8. PARKS AND OPEN SPACES
9. ROADS, STREETS, UTILITIES
10. INDUSTRIAL ZONE
DEVELOPMENT POLICIES
PRIORITY PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS:
1. ECONOMIC SECTOR
a. AGRICULTURE
b. COMMERCE
c. INDUSTRY
2. SOCIAL SECTOR
a. EDUCATION
b. HOUSING
c. HEALTH & FAMILY PLANNING
d. NUTRITION STRATEGIES
e. SOCIAL WELFARE SERVICES
f. PROTECTIVE SERVICES
3. INFRASTRUCTURE/TRANSPORATION SECTOR
a. COMMUNICATION
b. COMMUNICATION
c. POWER
d. WATER
4. INSTUITITIONAL MECHANISM
90 | P a g e
a. DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
b. DEVELOPMENT TARGETS
c. STRATEGIES TO RAISE REVENUES
91 | P a g e

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Part I: The Scoping

Part II: The Integration of SEA Objectives in the Cabarroguis CLUP

Agriculture and tourism are two major development

from 2013-2023. Now on the second year in the

Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (2006) defined Strategic

A. The Cabrroguis Comprehensive Land Use Plan6

The Cabarroguis CLUP contains the following development goals:

1. Advanced and well developed community;

B. Relationship with other relevant plans and programs

The Quirino Protected Landscape Management Plan (QPLMP)

 Range of economic opportunities, healthy environment and effective public services

The Quirino Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan (QPDPFP)

The total built-up area of Cabarroguis is approximately 538.36 hectares or contributing

Breakdown of Existing General Land Uses

26% Open Grassland

Figure 1. Source: Cabarroguis CLUP, 2013-2023

Unplanned agricultural development thrusts would likely encroach on parts of the

Envisioned Development with the CLUP

Part of the QPL within the Municipality of Cabarroguis

Rivers and the Habitat of Endangered Species

Threats of Mining and Quarrying

Cabarroguis is endowed with rich biodiversity, forest and remains to be a habitat of

1. Maintain and enhance environmental quality

The impacts or issues identified involves Cabarroguis’ further development (that is

1.3 Protect archeological, historical and cultural assets

The various impacts/issues include concentration of development in already-developed

2.1 Maintain tranquil unspoilt areas

2.2 Avoid visual aesthetic, noise pollution

PPP: Intensified conducts of cleanliness and beautification campaigns

3. Develop within environmental resource carrying capacities

3.1 Maintain freshwater resources

 In many agriculture areas, pollution of groundwater courses with synthetic fertilizers

3.2 Prevent soil loss/erosion/sedimentation through e.g. agriculture, dredging

 Soil building practices such as crop rotations, inter-cropping, symbiotic associations,

 Organic agriculture considers the medium- and long-term effect of agricultural

3.4 Minimize solid waste for disposal

CLUP General Objective: To strengthen the implementation of proper waste management

3.5 Minimize climate change impacts

4. Improve the quality of life

4.1 Maximize retention of benefits

Development Thrust: Proposed Growth Node Areas: Satellite Commercial Center

4.2 Increase resilience and stability of the economy

Development Thrust: Growth Node Areas: Satellite Commercial Center, Extension of

Development Policy No. 8: Promotion of organic farming/regulate the use of glyposate

4.3 Reduce poverty and give benefits to the less well-off

Maintain local people’s access to environmental resources

5.0 Make decisions in ways to reconcile different need and demands

5.1 Manage resources in a coordinated way

 The secondary development thrust of Cabarroguis is Ecological Tourism which

 The municipality shall pursue intensified agricultural commercial as its primary

 The secondary development thrust of Cabarroguis is Ecological Tourism which encompasses

Proposed development of already-developed

Proposed development of already-developed

Development Policy No. 6: Environmental

Organic agriculture considers the medium- and

Organic agriculture reduces non-renewable

Development Policy No. 8: Promotion of

PPP on Agriculture: Strong Farmer-Based

PPP on Agriculture: Improvement in the

PPP on Agriculture: Price Support

PPP of Commerce: Utilization of government